A common challenge facing firms is how to effectively embed strategic businessIT alignment into daily routines at the operational level. Based on our findings from following an alignment project in a global aerospace industry leader for almost two years, we put forward a framework, which we call OperA, for establishing operational level business-IT alignment. This framework has three dimensions—knowledge, communication and trust, and identifies alignment paths for three strategic situations faced by firms: major planned changes, regular operations and major unplanned changes. Each path is anchored in a different dimension of the framework. The global aerospace case shows how different mechanisms used for each path improve business processes and enable successful change. The case also revealed frequent pitfalls and dependencies between the dimensions and associated mechanisms that top managers should be aware of as they strive to achieve operational business-IT alignment.


The article shows that the resumption of socio-economic growth after the stagnation and recession of 2013–2017 will be a much more difficult task than overcoming the crisis of 2009. The reasons for this are the absence of a post-crisis recovery, and the need to mobilize new sources of growth and overcome the forces that are pulling our economy down, including sanctions. The old sources of economic growth — high oil prices, foreign capital inflows, outstripping increase of the budget and loan funds — are a thing of the past now. As regards economic growth, the absence of an elementary coordination between different branches of the government is the main reason for stagnation and recession. The author justifies the need for a unified package plan of social and economic development which would cover the expanded consolidated budget, including regional indicators, the largest corporations controlled by the state (Gazprom, Rosneft, Russian Railways, Rosatom, Rostechnologies), state banks controlling 60% of all banking assets of the country, other non-budgetary enterprises, and organizations of federal, regional and municipal levels. It is shown that in 2013–2015, the absence of such a unified plan resulted in reduction of the state-controlled investments by 25%. In turn, this led the country to stagnation and recession. Based on the above, the country does not need a long-term program traditionally compiled by the Ministry of Economic Development in the form of a report with projected addressless indicators, but a real comprehensive plan with targeted indicators for enterprises and organizations controlled by the state; with a unified finance and credit (project) plan, including a specific investment program; with an innovative program; and with a system of incentive measures and structural reforms, including a tax reform.


Base on the data of geological structure,neotectonic,seismicity,geophysical field,deep structure,etc.This paper presents an analysis of seismogeological background and earthquake risk in the Xiuyan county,Liaoning Province some research results can be triefly described as follow:(1)The Pianling area situated in the north-west part of Xiuyan county is a seismicity one with seismogenic structure caused the earthquakes of magnitude 5-6.(2)Other area of the Xiuyan county is a weak seismicity one only caused small-middle earthquakes.


Millions of migrant domestic workers—the vast majority of whom are women—are employed in households across Arab Gulf societies. Despite the ubiquitous presence of these foreign workers in Gulf households, little systematic information exists regarding the working conditions and treatment of this population. Findings from a survey of Filipino and Indonesian women who were previously employed as migrant domestic workers in the Arab Gulf states suggest that more than half of households subjected workers to at least one form of mistreatment. The most common forms included excessive working hours, late payment of salary, and denial of one day off per week. A smaller percentage of women reported limited access to food and medical care, mistreatment that is correlated with physical and emotional abuse. Understanding more about the extent of mistreatment—and the correlates of abuse—assists in the development of remedies aimed at improving workplace conditions.


On the territory of the Central Powers, World War I provided the cultural sciences with new venues in which to launch large-scale research projects: the prisoner-of-war (POW) camps, in which the relatively new technologies of photography, fi lm, and phonographic recording could be implemented on a mass scale. Th e subject of this chapter is this intersection of wartime space and data-producing devices and their impact on the scientifi c approach and fi eldwork methods among researchers gathering audio data: anthropologists, comparative musicologists, and linguists. When researchers entered German and Austrian POW camps, they made sense of this new venue by fi tting it into a pattern familiar to them. Th e camps were seen as a living museum of the "world of peoples" united in battle against the Central Powers.1 Anthropologists likened the camps to the ethnographic spectacles of the metropole where they were accustomed to taking measurements on "natives" and perhaps interviewing them on their home culture. For researchers primarily interested in audio data, the camp was an enormous archive of sounds waiting to be transferred onto media where they could be preserved and reproduced at will, for study, teaching, or entertainment. Furthermore, they construed the camp as a space providing optimum conditions for recording the voices of the prisoners. Th is encouraged them to bring in the best possible technology, and to focus


The first occurrence of Diadema setosum in the southern Mediterranean waters is recorded from the shores of Libya and Egypt, through the input by citizens' science. The expansion of this invasive sea urchin in the Mediterranean basin is briefly discussed.


Viburnum opulus L. is significantly more infested by Aphis fabae Scop, in the vicinity of a frequented motorway. Experiments with clean air and ambient air chambers show that air pollution is a predominant factor influencing the development of the aphid population.


Heart failure due to hypocalcemia is a strange presentation of metabolic heart disease; it is reversible in most cases, and secondary to endocrinal alterations that cause the persistent decrease in serum calcium, such as hypoparathyroidism. A case of a 23-year-old woman who was diagnosed with severe heart failure is presented. During her hospitalization, there was evidence of symptoms associated with hypocalcemia, secondary to hypoparathyroidism, so the patient was treated with replacement of calcium immediately. To prevent the risk of sudden death, by the persistent prolongation of the Q-T interval, an implantable cardiac defibrillator was placed; however, after 6 months of treatment, despite oral calcium supplementation, there was no improvement in the ejection fraction, determining an uncertain prognosis of the disease.


Kopyor coconut is one of the germplasm from Indonesia and potential to be developed. Efforts to increase the productivity of kopyor coconut can be through fertilization, by providing inorganic fertilizers and liquid organic fertilizers. This study aimed to understand the right fertilization for young kopyor coconut plants that applied by combination of of inorganic fertilizer and liquid organic fertilizer. This research was conducted at the PT. Mekar Unggul Sari (Mekarsari Fruit Garden), Cileungsi, Bogor, West Java, from July to December 2018. It used a Randomized Block Design (RBD), that consisted of 16 treatments and each treatment consisted of 2 plants and repeated 2 times. The results showed that the combination of 50% dosage of inorganic fertilizer with 25% dosage of liquid organic fertilizer had a trendto give better effect on plant height, stem diameter, and leaf number, while 75% dosage of inorganic fertilizer with 125% dosage of liquid organic fertilizer tend to gave better effect on leaf area.


Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) are characterized as complex systems usually networked, composed of several heterogeneous components that make the connection between events in the physical environment with computation. We can observe that this kind of systems is increasingly used in different areas such as automotive facilities, construction (civil engineering), health care and energy industry, providing a service or activity which depends on the interaction with users and the physical environment in which they are installed. Nowadays, in the educational context, the process of control and monitor of evaluation activities is conducted in a non-automated way by lecturers. This control is performed before, during and after the beginning of the evaluation activity, and include logistical processes such as classroom reservation, distribution of students per classroom, attendance record or fraud control. However, in an environment involving a large number of students, the execution of these tasks becomes difficult to perform efficiently and safely, requiring innovative techniques or assistance tools. In this work, the creation/design of a cyber-physical system through a modeling approach is proposed, aiming to help teachers to control and monitor evaluation activities. Based on a systematic literature study, we claim that there are no studies presenting the modeling of cyber-physical systems in an educational context, enhancing the interest of the proposed case study. In this document, we show how we used a framework named ModelicaML to model this system during the design phase. Also, this framework will offer a simulation component to simulate the behavior of the prescribed system. On the side of the hardware architecture, for the purpose of identifying the valid seats for the specific students inclass during the examination period, an indoor location system will be used, allowing to blueprint the physical layout of the room and globally manage the activity workflow. We finish this work by showing with empirical studies the gains of our solution when compared to the traditional method.


A great problem of naturally fractured reservoirs is the abrupt irruption of water in wells. To predict this behavior, a methodology that uses numerical sector models and discrete fracture Network (DFN) was designed; so-called Pseudoradial models (PRM). These models were calibrated to match the water invaded wells production history and subsequently it was applied to proposed or new wells. This methodology was used successfully in Pijije field, Mexico. The first pseudoradial models were generated in the Pijije field due to the abrupt water irruption problem it presented. Three well models were built based on the calibration of the model built for the Pijije-101 well. The DFN was generated from average characterization of fractures obtained from FMI logs and general input from the field pressure and production behavior.
Once the variables of uncertainty were analyzed, a conventional radial model was initially built and calibrated with the historical production and pressure profiles. To achieve this match, the values of porosity in both systems (matrix and fracture) were changed drastically and the water front advance resulting was homogeneous and only present a coning phenomenon when the OWC reaches a minimum distance of 200 meters from the well. The second part of the analysis was carried out with the pseudoradial model; in this case, the parameters with greater impact were the characteristics of discrete fracture network. The pseudoradial model managed to reproduce the well production and pressure history. Analyzing the results, it was concluded that both scenarios were acceptable. Reviewing the water advance fronts in both cases, the pseudoradial model did not have a uniform front of OWC advance and showed areas not drained (corresponding to present or absence of fractures) and the water moves through the preferential fracture channels represented by the DFN in the model.


A non-invasive biplanar radiographic technique for in-vivo determination of ligament lengths is presented. By taking biplanar X-rays of a human subject joint and locating the images of prominent bony reference points on the films, the three-dimensional locations of these points are determined. A unique scaling method is employed that compares the coordinates of the reference points with those previously obtained from a cadaver. Scaling equations that describe the subject joint in terms of the cadaver joint allow reference points to be clearly visible in only one X-ray view. The origin and insertion of ligament points from the cadaver are mapped onto the subject's joint and the ligament length is taken as the distance between the two. An application of this technique to the human knee joint is presented.


The aim of the study was to confirm the prognostic value of haemodynamic parameters during exercise in a prospective series of 53 incident patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Patients were subdivided in 2 groups: group 1 included 22 patients idiopathic, familial or anorexigen-associated PAH and group 2 included 31 patients with other types of PAH. Means and SD values were for the group 1 and 2 : mean pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP) 45 ± 9 mm Hg and 41 ± 11 mm Hg ; cardiac index 2.65 ± 1.13 L/min/m² and 2.73 ± 0.70 L/min/m²; pulmonary vascular resistance 8,7 ± 4,7 UI and 8.1 ± 4.0 UI ; six-minute walk distance 378 ± 142 m and 408 ± 98 m, respectively. During a mean follow-up of 4 years, 7 and 8 patients died in group 1 and 2, respectively. Six-minute walk distance was associated with survival in the two groups. Hazard ratio (HR) per 30 meters were 0.77 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.65-0.92)(p=0.004) and 0.79 (95% CI: 0.66-0.97)(p=0.023), respectively. No haemodynamic measure was predictive of survival in group 2. Systolic PAP from rest to exercise was the only significant baseline haemodynamic covariate associated with survival in group 1, HR per 10 mm Hg 0.29 (95% CI: 0.13-0.64)(p=0.002). Change from rest to exercise of systolic PAP, an estimate of right ventricle contractile reserve was found as a prognostic factor in at least three independent series of PAH patients. Its use in clinical practice should be evaluated.


A boron-doped diamond(BDD) electrode is attractive for many electrochemical applications due to its distinctive properties: an extremely wide potential window in aqueous and non-aqueous electrolytes, a very low and stable background current and a high resistance to surface fouling. An Ar gas mixture of H2, CH4 and trimethylboron (TMB, 0.1 % C3H9B in H2) is used in a hot filament chemical vapor deposition(HFCVD) reactor. The effect of argon addition on quality, structure and electrochemical property is investigated by scanning electron microscope(SEM), X-ray diffraction(XRD) and cyclic voltammetry(CV). In this study, BDD electrodes are manufactured using different Ar/CH4 ratios (Ar/CH4 = 0, 1, 2 and 4). The results of this study show that the diamond grain size decreases with increasing Ar/CH4 ratios. On the other hand, the samples with an Ar/CH4 ratio above 5 fail to produce a BDD electrode. In addition, the BDD electrodes manufactured by introducing different Ar/CH4 ratios result in the most inclined to (111) preferential growth when the Ar/CH4 ratio is 2. It is also noted that the electrochemical properties of the BDD electrode improve with the process of adding argon.


SUMMARY Four depth of tillage treatments were given by ploughing to 7 cm. depth by bullock-drawn plough and 14, 21 and 28 cm. depth with a tractor-drawn mouldboard plough in 1962–63. A significant decrease in bulk density was observed with the 21 and 28 cm. ploughing, negatively correlated with dry matter of crop roots and yield of grain. The effectiveness of 28 cm. tillage in reducing the population and dry matter of weeds was significant when compared to tillage at 7 and 14 cm. and there were significant relations between dry matter of weeds and yield of grain. Crop roots under tractor tillage were significantly greater than with 7 cm. tillage. Grain yield was maximum under 28 cm. tillage followed by 21, 14 and 7 cm. deep tillage in that order. The higher grain yields were associated with a greater number of fertile tillers per metre of row and higher yields per tiller.


Landsat images can monitor the snow-covered Earth surface variations with the ground resolution of 30 m and the multi-spectral bands in the visible, NIR, SWIR and TIR spectral regions for the last 30 years. The Southern Volcanic Zone (SVZ) of Chile consists of many volcanoes, and all of the volcanoes are covered with snow at the top of mountain. Snow cover area in southern province of the SVZ of Chile (37 to 46°S) have been influenced by significant frontal retreats as well as eruptive activities. In this study, we have investigated the changes of the snow-cover area and snow-line elevation at Mt. Villarrica and Mt. Llaima, Chile from three Landsat images acquired on Feb. 1990, 2005 and 2011. The snow-cover areas are 13.42, 26.75 and 21.60 km2 at Mt. Villarrica in 1990, 2005 and 2011, respectively, and 3.82, 25.12 and 8.89 km2 at Mt. Llaima in 1990, 2005 and 2011, respectively. The snow-line elevations are 1871, 1738 and 1826 m at Mt. Villarrica in 1990, 2005 and 2011, respectively, and 2007, 1822 and 1818 m at Mt. Llaima in 1990, 2005 and 2011, respectively. The results indicate that both of the snow-cover and snow-line changes are strongly related with the volcanic activity change. The results demonstrate that the snow-cover area and snow-line elevation changes can be used as an indicator of the volcanic activity at Mt. Villarrica and Mt. Llaima, Chile.


Owing to different perspectives, China's scholars have formed different theories about the legal nature of executive stock option. The authors introduce and comment on the theories and declare their own stand.


ABSTRACT: WET CUPPING THERAPY PRACTITIONER AND STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURESBackground: Traditional wet cupping therapy is an invasive alternative therapy in the community. To ensure its safety, it is necessary to conduct research on the compliance of wet cupping practitioners against the Standard Operating Procedure (SOP). Purpose: To obtain an overview of the compliance of cupping therapy practitioners with the Standard Operating Procedure (PSO) in DKI Jakarta.Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study, conducted on 30 wet cupping practitioners in the DKI Jakarta area who fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The method of data collection is done by observing cupping practitioners, each of them 3 times to avoid bias behavior of respondents who deliberately do it because they are being observed. Data analysis was carried out descriptively and analytically. Test the relationship between independent and dependent variables is done to determine the factors associated with compliance.Conclusion: The average value of compliance with cupping practitioners in the PBI member of DKI Jakarta against PSO is 81.47 percent. Factors related to the compliance of cupping therapy members of the Jakarta DKI Cupping Association (PBI) towards Standard Operating Procedure (PSO) there are 3 variables, namely the year passed the standardization test, facilities and supervision.Keywords: compliance, wet cupping, Standard Operating ProcedurePendahuluan: Terapi tradisional bekam merupakan terapi alternatif yang bersifat invasif yang ada di masyarakat. Untuk memastikan keamanannya maka perlu dilakukan penelitian mengenai kepatuhan para praktisi bekam terhadap Prosedur Standar Operasi (PSO).Tujuan: memperoleh gambaran kepatuhan para praktisi terapi bekam terhadap Standar Prosedur Operasional (PSO) di DKI Jakarta.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian dengan desain cross sectional, dilakukan pada 30 orang praktisi bekam di wilayah DKI Jakarta yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan ekslusi. Cara pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan observasi terhadap praktisi bekam, masing-masing sebanyak 3 kali untuk menghindari bias perilaku responden yang sengaja dilakukan karena mengetahui sedang diamati. Analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif dan analitik. Uji hubungan antar variabel independen dan dependen dilakukan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kepatuhan.Simpulan: Nilai rata-rata kepatuhan praktisi bekam anggota PBI DKI Jakarta terhadap PSO yaitu 81,47 persen. Faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kepatuhan praktisi terapi bekam anggota Perkumpulan Bekam Indonesia (PBI) DKI Jakarta terhadap Prosedur Standar Operasi (PSO) ada 3 variabel yaitu tahun lulus uji standardisasi, sarana prasarana dan supervisi.


CONTEXT: First trimester scans have been performed for measurement of crown rump length and nuchal translucency, for combined screening. Now the scanning protocol is broadened to include a full anatomic screening of the fetus. The introduction of cell free DNA (cfDNA) to prenatal diagnosis for aneuploidy raises questions to the continued use of first trimester scanning as this test, has a higher sensitivity and specificity. AIMS: The aim of this study was to demonstrate the detection of fetal and maternal findings in first trimester ultrasound, which would influence outcome or alter management of the pregnancy. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: The study was a retrospective analysis of the first trimester scans performed in the Fetal Medicine Division of the Obstetrics and Gynecology department of a tertiary referral center for a one year period, from January 1, 2014, to December 31, 2014. MATERIALS AND METHODS: All first trimester scans performed in the unit were studied regardless of number of fetuses or maternal factors. A total of 14429 obstetric scans were performed, of which 4421 were between 11–14 weeks gestation. The details and outcome of cases were obtained from the institution database or from the patients telephonically if they delivered at another institution. 38 (0.8%) cases were abnormal. 11(29%) were asymptomatic embryonic demise and 4 were gynaecological problems. 22 cases (58%) were structural anomalies or increased nuchal translucency (>3.5mm). Of these 21 cases in whom follow up was obtained, 19 resulted in termination of pregnancy. In 4 of 6 cases of isolated increased nuchal translucency, karyotype was done and revealed 3 (75%) to be abnormal. In the other case, the karyotype is normal and the pregnancy is now ongoing. One patient who deferred direct testing delivered a neonate confirmed to be trisomy 21. CONCLUSION: Use of ultrasound in the first trimester has moved beyond aneuploidy screening with detailed guidelines available for anatomical screening. The first trimester ultrasound continues to be useful despite advances in aneuploidy detection strategies, as it offers an opportunity for the detection of major structural anomalies and enables early termination of pregnancy if required with less morbidity to the mother.


Short Reports present case illustrates that isolated abducens palsy can be an anterolateral pontine syndrome, presumably affecting the intrapontine abducens nerve fascicle. In the review of Depper et al. [8], 1 patient with acute multiple sclerosis showed a pontine lesion with the same location as our patient. This can support the point of view that the anterolateral pontine lesion causes isolated abducens palsy without involving other neural structures such as the corticospinal tract or medial lemniscus, regardless of the underlying etiology. According to the TOAST classification [9], the present patient belongs to the undetermined etiology group because of a negative evaluation in magnetic resonance angiography, electrocardiography and echocardiography, although an occlusive lesion in the anterolateral pontine artery was highly suspected. In the presence of diabetes, hypertension and a small infarction, this occlusion is presumably related to microangiopathy. The present case supports the previous observation of isolated abducens palsy resulting from a pontine infarction and accentuates the importance of brain MRI in the evaluation of patients with acute isolated abducens nerve palsy.


To kick-start the necessary analyses, debates and policy formulations, we have developed this discussion paper which lays out some of the issues, as we see them. It is admittedly short on solutions, but we are hopeful these will come. There is no shortage of collated evidence and expert advice available drive policy development – all that is needed is leadership.


'Maoqing 5'(Capsicum annuum L.)is a new hot pepper cultivar derived from a hybrid combination of T9301 × B0306.The fruit is green colored,sheep-horn shaped and smooth-skinned.Its length is 20–22 cm,and the thickness of flesh is 0.83 cm.The average single fruit weights 40–60 g.The average yield is about 45 000 kg.hm-2.The soluble sugar content is 21.1 g.kg-1,and the vitamin C content is 2.15 mg.kg-1'.Maoqing 5'is characterized by thick flesh,high tolerance to adversity,medium resistance to bacterial wilt disease,good adaptability,and medium-late maturity.


Can too much knowledge be a dangerous thing when it comes to consumers learning about the science of winemaking? I found myself mulling over this question while attending a three-day 'garagiste' winemaking course at Stellenbosch University, a course on winemaking is emerging as a popular hobby and career change for South African professionals.


In this work, shape optimization problems in flows governed by the stationary and instationary Navier-Stokes equations are discussed. Building on the 'perturbation of identity' ansatz by Murat and Simon, a suitable framework for 2D and 3D optimal design problems is developed. In particular, for the instationary case, the Frechet differentiability of the design-to-state operator for W^2,infty domain transformations is proved. An adjoint-based calculation of first and second order material derivatives is developed and the correlation to common parametrizations is discussed. Finally numerical results are presented.


Resources and prospects of the FEB RAS Centre of satellite monitoring of environment for reception and processing of meteorological satellite data for monitoring of the Far Eastern seas according to the international programs on oceanic and atmospheric supervision are considered. New methods for oceanic and atmospheric field analysis with the purpose to detect structure objects eddies, jets, fronts and tropical cyclones are presented.


: Epilepsy is a neurological disorder. It is a problem of abnormality in brain resulting in seizures, unusual behaviours, loss of awareness and sensations. Recently many deep learning-based methods to detect epilepsy from multi lead electroencephalogram (EEG) signals have been proposed. Most of these approaches fused the features extracted in one dimensional or two-dimensional mode from EEG through aggregation without any cross-reference learning. As the result, their performance gain in terms of accuracy is limited and also false positives are higher. Learning the cross-correlation information across multiple leads will solve this problem and there has been no works exploiting cross correlation learning. Existing approaches on usage of multiple modalities are mostly feature fusion or decision fusion approaches without cross correlation learning. This work proposes a cross model attention-based learning to learn enriched features from multiple modalities of EEG with aim to increase the accuracy and reduce the false positives. The performance of the proposed solution was tested against University of Bonn EEG dataset. Due to cross correlation learning from multiple modalities, the accuracy of epilepsy detection in proposed approach has increased to 98% which is atleast 2% higher compared to most recent approaches.


Rationale: The aromatase inhibitor anastrozole blocks the conversion of androgens to estrogen and blunts pulmonary hypertension in animals, but its efficacy in treating patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is unknown. Objectives: We aimed to determine the safety and efficacy of anastrozole in PAH. Methods: We performed a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial of anastrozole in patients with PAH who received background therapy at two centers. Measurements and Main Results: A total of 18 patients with PAH were randomized to anastrozole 1 mg or matching placebo in a 2:1 ratio. The two co‐primary outcomes were percent change from baseline in 17&bgr;‐estradiol levels (E2) and tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) at 3 months. Anastrozole significantly reduced E2 levels compared with placebo (percent change: −40%; interquartile range [IQR], −61 to −26% vs. −4%; IQR, −14 to +4%; P = 0.003), but there was no difference in TAPSE. Anastrozole significantly increased the 6‐minute‐walk distance (median change = +26 m) compared with placebo (median change = −12 m) (median percent change: anastrozole group, 8%; IQR, 2 to 17% vs. placebo −2%; IQR, −7 to +1%; P = 0.042). Anastrozole had no effect on circulating biomarkers, functional class, or health‐related quality of life. There was no difference in adverse events. Conclusions: Anastrozole significantly reduced E2 levels in patients with PAH but had no effect on TAPSE. Anastrozole was safe, well tolerated, and improved 6‐minute‐walk distance in this small "proof‐of‐principle" study. Larger and longer phase II clinical trials of anastrozole may be warranted in patients with PAH. Clinical trial registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT 1545336).


We showed previously that exposure of human lung cells (BEAS‐2B) to TiO2 nanoparticles (nano‐TiO2) produced micronuclei (MN) only when the final concentration of protein in the cell‐culture medium was at least 1%. Nanoparticles localize in the liver; thus, we exposed human liver cells (HepG2) to nano‐TiO2 and found the same requirement for MN induction. Nano‐TiO2 also formed small agglomerates in medium containing as little as 1% protein and caused cellular interaction as measured by side scatter by flow cytometry and DNA damage (comet assay) in HepG2 cells. Nano‐TiO2 also increased the activity of the inflammatory factor NFkB but not of AP1 in a reporter‐gene HepG2 cell line. Suspension of nano‐TiO2 in medium containing 0.1% protein was sufficient for induction of MN by the nanoparticles in either BEAS‐2B or HepG2 cells as long the final concentration of protein in the cell‐culture medium was at least 1%. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 55:336–342, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


The plume characteristics of TMIT-PPT for μ-Lab Sat II were investigated. In this paper, five contents about 1) the high speed camera experiment, 2) the effect of the opening angle of hood on the PPT performance, 3) the plume expansion without hood, 4) to confirm the thrust direction, and 5) the effect of self-induced magnetic field are described. As the high speed camera experiment, we could observe the restrike and quasisteady state of the discharge current. As a result of changing the hood angle, the performance of PPT with 0 ̊ hood is the lowest, compared with the other hood angles (15 ̊, 30 ̊, 45 ̊, 60 ̊ and without hood). The reason was the decrease of kinetic energy of the charged particle in plume because of the collision with the hood wall. And, after 500,000 shots operation with 2.3 J/shot without hood, the aluminum plate 1100 mm away from the thruster were contaminated uniformly. However, the change of sample mass arranged on the aluminum plate was too small to measure. And, as a result of the preliminary inspection of the contamination, carbon was dominant and the proportion of the constituent elements were not different between near and far point from the thrust axis. In the experiment to confirm the thrust direction, the plume inclination was confirmed from the photograph. As a result of changing the angle of line between thruster head and capacitor, as the angle of line increase, axial impulse bit had a tendency to decrease and mass shot had a tendency to increase. Introduction Because the tendency of satellite design to be towards small and low cost, the need for miniaturizing the propulsion systems have become apparent. Pulsed Plasma Thruster (PPT) is one of the promising propulsion system for attitude control, station keeping, de-orbit, formation flying, and drag compensation of the small, microand nano-satellite because of the following reasons. 1) Simplicity. No tankage, seals nor mechanical valves. 2) Light weight and high reliability. Only two power supplies. : Capacitor charge power supply and ignition power supply. Only one moving device. : Solid propellant feed mechanism to discharge chamber. 3) Small impulse bit (impulse per shot) level. Precise total impulse control. * Presented as Paper IEPC-03-0160 at the 28th Internatinal Electric Propulsion Conference, Toulouse, France, 17-21 March 2003. † Copyright © 2003 by H. Takegahara, Published by Electric Rocket Propulsion Society with permission. ‡ Graduate Student. § Graduate Student, Student Member AIAA. ¶ Under Graduate Student. # Professor, Senior Member AIAA.


Abstract This study investigated fourth graders' self‐generated analogies, that is, own analogies giving self‐explanations — opposed to analogies provided by a teacher — and the effects of their collaborative reasoning and arguing over these analogies on individual understanding of three scientific phenomena concerning air pressure. At the beginning the children were individually asked to give their own explanations, explicitly encouraged to think of something similar which could help them to understand better what they had experienced. Then, divided in small groups they were asked to compare their accounts to collabora‐tively reach a shared explanation of each phenomenon. At the end, the children were again individually asked to give their explanations. The data underwent both a qualitative and quantitative analysis. The first showed that the children, on the basis of their alternative representations of what air could do, produced and used their own analogies as self‐explanations both to learn the new m...


Abstract Briefs for planning studies, whether by consultants or within an organisation, often suffer from a lack of clarity. In turn the inception, management, timing and results of studies may be diverted. This paper offers a pragmatic appraisal of the study process. While it may appear to say the obvious, there is enough wasted time and money to suggest that what appears obvious, often is not. The key lies in a clear definition of the product of the study.


Today liquid waste is very worrying because it easily mixes with moving water, for example in rivers. The use of detergents on a large scale is a form of environmental pollution originating from residential areas. The level of pollution will be even more dangerous if left too long. The impact that will be felt is the occurrence of pollution which is difficult to overcome and the disruption of the biota ecosystem in the waters and its surroundings. Therefore it is necessary to manage liquid waste, one of which is the phytoremediation system using the water hyacinth plant (Eichhornia crassipes). The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of water hyacinth with a phytoremediation system to reduce levels of phosphate compounds in laundry waste. The method applied is laboratory experimental which is an experiment conducted to be able to see the effect of the variables that are the object of research with a completely randomized design (CRD) for the experiment. The results obtained in this study were a decrease in phosphate levels of 0.607 mg/L (37.7%) at an interval of 12 days. Data analysis used a test of variance (ANOVA) with a significance value of 0.000, which means it is less than the sig value. < α = 0.05 that there is an influence on the variation in treatment time on the phosphate levels contained in household laundry waste.


The purpose of this research was to design shredded oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) fiber extractor machine, to conduct technical evaluation on the machine performance, and to conduct fiber chemical analysis. This prototype is expected to increase added value on EFB waste as it is not maximally utilized. The machine must be both technically and economically feasible to be applied in particle board industry to produce oil palm empty fruit bunch fiber. Based on its design, the machine has ± 200 kg/hours capacity and 5 HP motor. The evaluation of machine performance on 600 RPM and 900 RPM rotations resulted on similar numbers of fiber and mixed fiber percentage. From 10 shredded EFB extracted, 7.6 kg (76%) clean fiber, 2.05 kg (20%) mixed fiber, and 1.35 kg ash were obtained. Three times extracting process on 600 RPM rotation resulted on fiber percentage based on its length as follows: 4.6% long fiber (>10 cm), 32.3% medium fiber (5-10 cm), and 61.4% short fiber (2-4 cm). Meanwhile, the percentages on 900 RPM rotation were 0% of long fiber, 22.37% of medium fiber, and short fiber of 77.3%. There were five types of composition of extracted fiber level; 1) clean fiber on 600 RPM, 2) clean fiber on 900 RPM, 3) mixed fiber (medium fiber 2-3 cm + petal), 4) mixed fiber (short fiber <2 cm + petal), 5) mixed fiber (soft fiber + pollens). The result of chemical analysis showed that those five types of fibers contained 9.3% water, 5.6% extractive, 1.4% fat, 33.1% lignin, 58.33% holocellulose, and 39.2% cellulose contents. Finally the analysis showed that it had a similar chemical composition compared to the fibers of softwood and Red Meranti wood.


SUMMARY.-The syncytiotrophoblast of chorionic villi of normal human mid-pregnancy placenta maintained in organ culture in a chemically-defined medium loses its various differentiated characters at different rates. Although certain oxidative and hydrolytic enzymes are retained for periods of 1-6 weeks and human placental lactogen persists in the cytoplasm for about 2 weeks, the enzyme 3,B-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and the " steroid-synthesizing cell " antigen are lost after culture for 1 and 2 days respectively. These two characters reappear in cytotrophoblast that is newly differentiated during culture. It is concluded that organ cultures of this type will not be suitable for metabolic studies on the biosynthesis of steroid hormones by the placenta. of 4-pregnen-lla-ol-3, 20-dione, 4-androsten-17fl-ol-3-one, 5a-androstan-3a-ol-17-one. There was no histochemical staining of either uncultured placenta or of organ-cultured explants with any of these substrates, whichi were chosen for their general similarity to the specific substrates. From these experiments, the following deductions were made: (a) the absence of staining with substrate (9) indicated that it was improbable that staining with specific substrates (2) and (3) was due to tissue 17f-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, and (b) the absence of staining with additional substrates that had x-3, a- 11 and ,B- 11 hydroxy groups that staining of tissue sections with specific substrates could not be attributed to a non-specific steroid dehydrogenase.


Solid-liquid phase equilibria have been studied at 273 K for the chloropinnoite + boric acid + water system. The equilibria solid phases identified by infrared spectra and X-ray diffraction were inderite (2MgO·3B 2 O 3 ·15H 2 O) when the mass percentage of H 3 BO 3 was in the range from (0 to 1.5) %, hungtsaite (MgO.2B 2 O 3 ·9H 2 O) from (1.5 to 5.5) %, and macallisterite (MgO.3B 2 O 3 .7.5H 2 O) when the mass percentage of H 3 BO 3 was higher than 5.5 %. The pH values of the equilibria liquid phases and the solubility data of the corresponding solid phases were determined, respectively. The mechanisms of the phase transformation of chloropinnoite in boric acid aqueous solution are proposed and discussed.


Hall, current-voltage, and deep-level transient spectroscopy measurements were used to characterize the electrical properties of metalorganic chemical vapor deposition grown undoped, Er- and Pr-implanted GaN films. Only one deep level located at 0.270 eV below the conduction band was found in the as-grown GaN films. However, four defect levels located at 0.300, 0.188, 0.600, and 0.410 eV below the conduction band were found in the Er-implanted GaN films after annealing at 900 degrees C for 30 min, and four defect levels located at 0.280, 0.190, 0.610, and 0.390 eV below the conduction band were found in the Pr-implanted GaN films after annealing at 1050 degrees C for 30 min. The origins of the deep defect levels are discussed. (C) 2005 American Institute of Physics.


We report the synthesis of V2O5 nanosheets by a simple hydrothermal method. The as synthesized V2O5 nanosheets were characterized by Raman spectroscopy, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and UV-Vis spectroscopy. The humidity sensing behaviors were investigated in the range of 11–97% relative humidity (RH) at room temperature. The maximum sensitivity of 45.3%, response time of ∼4 min and recovery time of ∼5 min were observed for the V2O5 nanosheet based sensor. We also demonstrated the V2O5 nanosheets as an ultra-violet photodetector with a sensing response time of ∼65 s and recovery time of ∼75 s with a maximum photoresponsivity of ∼6.2%. Further, we have also carried out field emission (FE) investigations of V2O5 nanosheets under a planar "Diode" assembly in an ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) chamber at a base pressure of ∼1 × 10−8 mbar. The turn on fields required to draw field emission current densities of 1 μA cm−2 and 10 μA cm−2 are found to be 1.15 V μm−1 and 1.72 V μm−1, respectively. We achieved a maximum field emission current density of 1.532 mA cm−2 at an applied electric field of 3.2 V μm−1. The field enhancement factors calculated from the slope of the Fowler–Nordheim (F–N) plot are found to be 8530 and 3530 at low field and high field regions, respectively. Our results open up several avenues towards the successful utilization of V2O5 nanosheets and other metal oxide nanosheets for various nanoelectronics device applications including sensors, photodetector and flat panel displays.


In this study, we computed and presented grid maps of high-resolution terrain corrections and residual terrain model (RTM) as short-wavelengths of the gravity field and the geoid in Niger. We constructed RTM elevations from mean elevation surfaces corresponding to ~100 km and ~9 km of spatial scales and 3 arc-seconds SRTM data. The computations are performed at gravity stations and 1.5 arc-minute regular grid, out to 10 and 200 km for inner and outer zones respectively with the standard density of 2670 kg/m-3. The study area is characterized by low values of terrain effects. The indirect effects are lower than 10 cm for ~9 km and reach 1.8 m for ~100 km. In Niger, 98.44% of indirect effects are lower than 1 cm and 98.2% of direct effect are lower than 5 mgal for ~9 km. For ~100 km, 85.87% of indirect effects are lower than 10 cm and 89.77% of direct effects are lower than 5 mgal for ~100 km, and 98.77% of terrain corrections are lower than 1 mgal. We found out that height discrepancies between gravity stations and SRTM influences the precision of terrain effects. The results are value for applications in geodesy and geophysics that require accurate interpretations.


. This study investigated educational organizations and the role of management in improving primary education quality performance. A Literature Review method was utilized whereby reputable data bases were used to collect different relevant to the study. The review shows that it is true that there are many and ongoing developments in technical, economic, and global aspects. The demanding rhythms and new demands have a big influence on the educational field, since new data are required in the administrative field as well as in all school members in order to be successful and satisfy current standards. The professional development and development of school heads is critical in all of this, based on management theories and the application of an appropriate model of educational leadership, of course, in order to improve the school climate and, by extension, the teachers, and thus the educational organization's effectiveness.


Objective:To explore the effect of maternity blues on lactigenous and the bleeding after delivery Method:According to the results of SDS (self-rating depression scale, cut-off point=41), 309 parturients were divided into maternity blue group (n=126) and control group (n=183) Lactigenous index and the bleeding after delivery were recorded Result:Compared to control group, lactigenous in the maternity blue group was delayed, only 13 cases lactated with 24 hours of delivery, and only 9 had enough lactating with 72 hours of delivery Parturients with maternity blues had more bleeding after delivery than the control group Conclusion:Maternity blues had negative effects on lactigenous and the bleeding after delivery It is necessary to prevent maternity blues


Objective: The authors conducted this meta-analysis to identify risk factors for spinal epidural haematoma (SEH) among patients following spinal surgery. Methods: The authors systematically searched Pub: Med, Embase, and the Cochrane Library for articles that reported risk factors associated with the development of SEH in patients undergoing spinal surgery from inception to 2 July 2022. The pooled odds ratio (OR) was estimated using a random-effects model for each investigated factor. The evidence of observational studies was classified as high quality (Class I), moderate quality (Class II or III) and low quality (Class IV) based on sample size, Egger's P value and between-study heterogeneity. In addition, subgroup analyses stratified by study baseline characteristics and leave-one-out sensitivity analyses were performed to explore the potential sources of heterogeneity and the stability of the results. Results: Of 21 791 articles screened, 29 unique cohort studies comprising 150 252 patients were included in the data synthesis. Studies with high-quality evidence showed that older patients (≥60 years) (OR, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.03–1.77) were at higher risk for SEH. Studies with moderate-quality evidence suggested that patients with a BMI greater than or equal to 25 kg/m² (OR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.10–1.76), hypertension (OR, 1.67; 95% CI, 1.28–2.17), and diabetes (OR, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.01–1.55) and those undergoing revision surgery (OR, 1.92; 95% CI, 1.15–3.25) and multilevel procedures (OR, 5.20; 95% CI, 2.89–9.37) were at higher risk for SEH. Meta-analysis revealed no association between tobacco use, operative time, anticoagulant use or American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification and SEH. Conclusions: Obvious risk factors for SEH include four patient-related risk factors, including older age, obesity, hypertension and diabetes, and two surgery-related risk factors, including revision surgery and multilevel procedures. These findings, however, must be interpreted with caution because most of these risk factors had small effect sizes. Nonetheless, they may help clinicians identify high-risk patients to improve prognosis.


The problem addressed in this paper is the control of the effective stiffness of a bearing pedestal by means of a series of shape memory alloy wires. The bearing is mounted on elastomer O-rings whose preload (and hence stiffness) is controlled by a set of shape memory allow wires. In the first part of the paper a discussion of the rig design is given together with the predictive calculations of performance. These predictions are then compared with measurement taken from the rig. Steady state and transient solutions are examined in order to ascertain the likely requirements in terms of heating and cooling rates. Having established the viability of this technology, options for extending the design to control stiffness in both orthogonal directions are discussed together with an assessment of the future problems and potential benefits of extending this study. Introduction The idea of controlling the response at critical speed by using memory materials was proposed by Nagaya et al [1], and by Viderman and Porat [2]. By changing the bearing stiffness during run up and run down, critical speeds can be avoided. Nagaya et al.[1], proposed using SMA wires to change the stiffness of a rotor support and performed both an analytical study and experiments. Positive results are reported by these authors, but the experimental details are missing. Later Segalman et al [3] also proposed using SMA as a means of stiffness scheduling to allow rotor systems to pass through critical speeds but did not perform any experiments. Since then a great deal of progress has been made in both modeling and manufacturing of SMA materials, motivating additional investigation into the concept of using SMA to control a rotor system through a critical speed. Zak et al [4], again looked at adjusting bearing stiffness by using SMA. Their work focused on using strips of SMA directly onto the bearing housing and included experimental results. Initial Studies The analysis presented here is based on a conceptual model that will be built and tested as a proof of concept experiment. The calculations are thus centred around an existing rotor system at Swansea University. The Swansea rig is shown in Figure 1 along with the proposed stiffness adjusting, bearing arrangement.


Three cases of sickle cell anemia have been reported previously in Greece, but no instance in which the disease occurred in a white person in any other country is mentioned in the European literature. It is believed that the disease occurs in Greece in a mild form. A fourth case of sickle cell anemia in a white adult is reported. REPORT OF A CASE The patient, a 30-year-old Greek army officer, was admitted to the hospital complaining of weakness, languor, faintness, vertigo, and palpitations. His parents were healthy, with normal blood cell counts, blood bilirubin, Wassermann reactions, and absence of sickle cells in staining tests. A maternal uncle who is suffering from chronic malaria with anemia could not be contacted for a blood test. The disease started in early childhood. The skin and sclerae had a permanent yellow tint. Crises had occurred frequently and periodically, with pain in the long


In the last few years in Republic of Macedonia it is favor producing vegetable with higher standards related to the safe food and the need of protection of the environment.
80 % of the vegetable production in Republic of Macedonia is for export. Because of already known reasons, part of traditional markets for Macedonian vegetable is opened for entrance on countries that have bigger and more concurrent production than ours. For more competitiveness of our products on these markets, also for getting new markets in EU it is necessary implementing standards for production of safety food. That kind of production, with higher standards, also asks the food industry in Republic of Macedonia which their final products place on the markets in EU.
One of the measures for protection of the pepper that put into the standards for safety food production, and that also gives protection of the environment, is the integral protection.
Integral pest management of crops is plant protection systems that use all suitable techniques and methods of compatible mode, so the population of pests stays under the economic threshold level.
"…favoring all the other measures respectively the chemical measures…"


This study was conducted to estimates the Malmquist productivity indices using the data envelopment analysis (DEA) for 165 countries over 8 regions and classified across 8 groups based on agricultural gross production value during the study period (1980-2007). The total factor productivity including and measure the efforts in the resource allocation, modernization, the technological change, and catch-up efforts in the agriculture sector in any country. While, Malmquist TFP index measures total factor productivity change between two data points by calculating the ratio of the distance function of each data point relative to a common technology. The data used in this study was drawn from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. This paper also estimated the technical efficiency, technical efficiency change and technical change for countries in each group and for all those countries as one group.


We provide the first streaming algorithm for computing a provable approximation to the $k$-means of sparse Big data. Here, sparse Big Data is a set of $n$ vectors in $\mathbb{R}^d$, where each vector has $O(1)$ non-zeroes entries, and $d\geq n$. E.g., adjacency matrix of a graph, web-links, social network, document-terms, or image-features matrices.
Our streaming algorithm stores at most $\log n\cdot k^{O(1)}$ input points in memory. If the stream is distributed among $M$ machines, the running time reduces by a factor of $M$, while communicating a total of $M\cdot k^{O(1)}$ (sparse) input points between the machines.
% Our main technical result is a deterministic algorithm for computing a sparse $(k,\epsilon)$-coreset, which is a weighted subset of $k^{O(1)}$ input points that approximates the sum of squared distances from the $n$ input points to every $k$ centers, up to $(1\pm\epsilon)$ factor, for any given constant $\epsilon>0$. This is the first such coreset of size independent of both $d$ and $n$.
Existing algorithms use coresets of size at least polynomial in $d$, or project the input points on a subspace which diminishes their sparsity, thus require memory and communication $\Omega(d)=\Omega(n)$ even for $k=2$.
Experimental results real public datasets shows that our algorithm boost the performance of such given heuristics even in the off-line setting. Open code is provided for reproducibility.


More and more factories using rolling mill have put forward the requirement for special\|purpose cleaning equipment to rolling mill. Asked by a large steel company, we designed and developed a wash equipment to rolling mill. It is introduced what is the meaning for research and manufacturing reciprocating cleaner of rolling mill, and what is the overall arrangement and characteristics in its construction, and what is the working principle and working process of it.


One major barrier limiting the transfection efficiency of polyplexes is poor endosomal release, especially when small particles are applied. In an approach to overcome this barrier, covalent attachment of the membrane‐active peptide all‐(L)‐melittin to polyethylenimine (PEI) polyplexes was found to enhance gene transfer efficiency.


Mr Blair wants nurses to return to practice so they can help ease the current problems facing the NHS. Is he some sort of comedian?


During the bending operation of the thin sheet materials by the punch with the near-to-zero radius the special technological operation should be carried out. It means that the metal sheet obtained a certain thinning value, which is usually done in the form of the channel-concentrator or groove by pre-drawing operation in a cold state. It follows to the pre-straining and strengthening of the material. The authors investigated the strain hardened sheet's area after roll forming process theoretically, and obtained the strain-stress distribution inside the sheet during the bending operation. It was found out that the increase of the prior deformation during pre-straining in the bend layer follows to the increase of the radial and tangential stresses and displacement of the neutral axis inside the blank during bending operation. As a result, the bending moment changes its values depends on the punch radius and strain hardening.


We investigate the holographic entanglement entropy of deformed conformal field theories which are dual to a cutoff AdS space. The holographic entanglement entropy evaluated on a three-dimensional Poincaré AdS space with a finite cutoff can be reinterpreted as that of the dual field theory deformed by either a boost or [Formula: see text] deformation. For the boost case, we show that, although it trivially acts on the underlying theory, it nontrivially affects the entanglement entropy due to the length contraction. For a three-dimensional AdS, we show that the effect of the boost transformation can be reinterpreted as the rescaling of the energy scale, similar to the [Formula: see text] deformation. Under the boost and [Formula: see text] deformation, the [Formula: see text]-function of the entanglement entropy exactly shows the features expected by the Zamolodchikov's [Formula: see text]-theorem. The deformed theory is always stationary at a UV fixed point and monotonically flows to another CFT in the IR fixed point. We also show that the holographic entanglement entropy in a Poincaré cutoff AdS space can reproduce the exact same result of the [Formula: see text] deformed theory on a two-dimensional sphere.


Operations involving two or more spacecraft, including approach, rendezvous and servicing, are not always cooperative. The lack of cooperation means a limited set of information initially available to the approaching spacecraft. Still, the determination by the chaser of the relative kinematic state of the target spacecraft stands as a required step to continue the approach. Completing this first fundamental information about relative motion, also the reconstruction of the target's shape can be considered an important part of the rendezvous and a pre-requisite for safe docking. In fact, shape reconstruction enables the chaser to understand target's configuration, to assess its integrity and eventually to compare it with already known spacecraft's models. The reconstruction needs to be accurate even when starting from the limited number of images captured only from the points of view attained during relative motion, and is indeed quite a challenging task. Due to the extremely wide range of possible relative poses and light conditions, an extensive test campaign based on numerical simulations is required to validate possible algorithms to carry on this operational phase. Only after simulations are successfully passed, would it be possible to move towards experiments in a ground-based testbed and finally to in-flight qualification. This paper details the experience gained with the simulation phase at the Guidance and Navigation Lab of Sapienza University of Rome. A software suite is developed in order to simulate in orbit acquisition of the target image, managing its 3D CAD model according to the relative dynamics and lighting conditions. Several spacecraft configurations, different in terms of shapes and relative pose, are assumed for the target, and the relevant images are captured by the chaser during its relative motion around it. An effective process for the identification and match of the features, capable to manage their appearance and disappearance during the sequence of images has been implemented. Following these steps, it is possible to gain an educated guess of the shape of the target. Advanced filtering techniques are applied, significantly contributing to the final result of the process. The post-facto comparison between the actual CAD model and the estimated target's shape shows appealing success rates in the recognition task for the proposed technique.


Bis(1,5-cyclooctadiene)nickel was found to be an effective catalyst for the addition of the aryl group of arylboron compounds to alkynes in the presence of a proton source, which gives various multisubstituted alkenylarenes or dienylarenes selectively.


Smart classroom is the inevitable result of the deep integration of modern information technology and education. The use of particle swarm optimization algorithm can realize the process tracking of teaching and learning in and out of class, create an intelligent learning environment, and facilitate students to break through the limitations of time and space. Based the goal of improving English teaching ability, combined with the connotation and characteristics of smart classroom. Through evaluation of English teaching ability by Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm this paper establishes smart classroom teaching model. Smart classroom teaching model for the coordinated development of teachers from the perspective of smart classroom teaching model exploration and application, in order to explore whether the teaching model can improve students' learning efficiency, reduce teachers' repetitive work and improve teaching effect. The conclusion of this paper can be employed to reference to promote the construction of English smart classroom teaching ability in vocational and technical institutes colleges, improve the quality of English teaching and promote the reform of English Teaching in vocational and technical institutes colleges.


ABSTRACT. Contrasting models of urban development characterize the historical-geographical evolution of Brazil's two leading cities, viewed in an updating of the seminal 1933 article by Preston James. Native to Rio de Janeiro is a distinctive Luso-Brazilian style of irregular coastal urbanization, whereas Sao Paulo displays a more uniform, modern type of inland commercial-industrial expansion. Even as Rio de Janeiro and Sao Paulo sprawl today to form a virtual megalopolis in southeastern Brazil, they retain distinguishing roles in the national city system. Both metropolises are experiencing increasing functional decentralization and socioeconomic polarization, but in their own characteristic fashions. Generalized models of "Latin American city structure" are of limited value, unless they take into account such significant historical-geographical variations in urban form. Keywords: Brazil, historical geography, Rio de Janeiro, Sao Paulo, urbanization. Sao Paulo and Rio de Janeiro, then, express quite different modes of city building. There are few cities in the world that to a greater degree than Sao Paulo embody the principles of urbanism in vogue at the present time. In contrast Rio de Janeiro is unique among cities--the most elaborately evolved example of the Brazilian, possibly the Portuguese urban mode. Preston E. James, "Rio de Janeiro and Sao Paulo," 1933 Brazil's two leading cities provided a study of historical-geographical contrasts in Preston James's classic 1933 Geographical Review article. Rio de Janeiro, long favored as the national epicenter of politics, commerce, culture, and social life, had by then served as Brazil's capital and largest metropolis for more than a century. This city of spectacular hillside and seaside panoramas represented to James an "elaborately evolved" Luso-Brazilian form of irregular coastal development, whereas rival Sao Paulo expanded more uniformly as a dynamic, modern metropolis of the plains (1933,298). In fact, the capital of Sao Paulo State was the only significant inland settlement in the early colonial period beyond the escarpment of the Serra do Mar, the rugged mountains that stretch from Rio Grande do Sul to Bahia along the Atlantic seaboard. James admitted "a great difference in the physical setting of these cities: but the contrast is not only in the quality of their sites." Sao Paulo was founded in 1554, but the c ity remained small and insignificant for three and a half centuries, growing rapidly only as "a product of the world-wide industrial culture associated with the twentieth century and, perhaps wrongly, with North America" (p. 292). Subsequently, Rio de Janeiro lost the status and patronage of the national capital with the inauguration of Brasilia in 1960, just as the city also lost its demographic primacy and economic hegemony to Sao Paulo. As the article by James appeared, Brazil was embarking on a massive process of intentional urbanization. The rapidity and magnitude of the country's subsequent urban-industrial transition proved momentous. In 1940, only 31.2 percent of the country's population of 41.2 million lived in cities. By 1996, 78.4 percent of a total population of 157.1 million was urbanized. [1] Fifteen metropolitan areas, in all major regions of the vast country, had populations of more than 1 million in 1996 (Schneider 1996, 3; Browder and Godfrey 1997, 6-7). The country's ten officially designated metropolitan regions, along with the Federal District of Brasilia, today contain 49.1 million people--nearly a third of the total population. [2] The vast extensions of the Brazilian city system discourage the formidable metropolitan primacy that is evident in such Latin American countries as Argentina, Uruguay, Chile, or Mexico, where the national capital comprises one-quarter or more of the total population. In fact, urban primacy is more apparent at the regional level than at the national level in Brazil. Although Sao Paulo and Rio de Janeiro retain preeminent first- and secondplace positions atop the national urban hierarchy, the recent growth of smaller metropolises at rates significantly greater than those of the two largest centers speaks to a decentralizing trend in the ever more far-flung national Brazilian system (Table I). …


Abstract
 Cucurbit fruits are comparable in nutrient content to other fruits and vegetables and are exceptional for high pro-vitamin A content of some cultivars of squash and melon, and the abundant oil and protein in seeds of Telfairia, Cucurbita and other cucurbits. Cucurbits are a good source of carbohydrates and play a significant role in human nutrition, especially in tropical countries where their consumption is high. This chapter describes the contents of moisture, solids, carbohydrates, proteins, oils, vitamins, minerals and secondary compounds (such as carotenoids, citrulline, flavonoids and phenolic acids), as well as toxic and potentially therapeutic compounds, of cucurbit fruits. Tabulated data are provided on nutritional composition of raw and processed cucurbits, and of cucurbit seeds, flowers and leaves. Each table is divided into: (a) major components (moisture, calories, protein, lipids, fatty acids and minerals); and (b) vitamins and carotenoids.


The data presented show that the magnetic lineations found off the west coast of the United States extend into the Gulf of Alaska. The magnetic pattern in the Gulf of Alaska is subparallel to the eastern limb of the Great Magnetic Bight of the northeast Pacific and is offset by one or more east-west fracture zones. The sequence of anomalies is continuous with those of the Great Magnetic Bight. The magnetic lineations are identified as a part of the lineation pattern recognized in the world's oceans. An offset migratory ridge system is proposed to explain the unique form of the lineations and the tectonic pattern of the north-east Pacific region in terms of ocean-floor spreading. Two episodes of spreading are suggested.


Using newborn leaves of Ginkgo biloba L.,Metasequoia glyptostroboides,Platanus orientalis L.,Firmiana simplex and Liriodendron chinensis Sarg.as test materials,their leaf relative conductivity was studied through different gradient temperatures measured.Results showed that their cells were injured by gradient low temperature with sigmoid responses to temperature.According to significance testing,the logistic equation was adopted to determine the semi-lethal temperature by spotting the turning points of the inflexion phase of the curve.The semi-lethal temperature of Ginkgo biloba L.,Metasequoia glyptostroboides,Platanus orientalis L.,Firmiana simplex and Liriodendron chinensis Sarg.was 5.32℃,6.46℃,6.27℃,4.02℃ and 5.65℃,respectively.Meteorological data show that in April 25,2012,the monthly minimum night temperature,may be associated with later tree leafroll.


We present the VFiasco project, in which we apply source-code verification to a complete operating-system kernel written in C++. The aim of the VFiasco project is to establish security-relevant properties of the Fiasco microkernel.Source-code verification works by reasoning about the semantics of the full source code of a program. Traditionally it is limited to small programs written in an academic programming language. The project's main challenges are to enable high-level reasoning about typed data starting from only low-level knowledge about the hardware, and to develop a clean semantics for the subset of C++ used by the kernel. In this extended abstract we present our ideas for tackling these challenges. We focus on a type-safe object store that is based on a hardware model that closely resembles the IA32 virtual-memory architecture and on guarantees provided by the kernel itself. We also briefly touch on the semantics for C++.Please find the full version of this paper at http://www.vfiasco.org/objstore.pdf.


The study of diffusion couples whose reactants or products have multiphase structure gives useful insight into ceramic reactions. When a coarse-scaled resolution is applied, multiphase regions may be treated similarly to 1-phase regions with respect to diffusional behavior. In the phase diagram of ternary diffusion couples, a moving boundary occurs where the diffusion path crosses a 3-phase field in any direction or a 2-phase field along a tie line. The problems of simple dissolution, incongruent dissolution, 1-phase layer growth, and 2-phase layer growth are discussed for structures of solid solution-free solids dispersed in continuous melts.


The degree of homozygosity of some 39 Thoroughbred horses was estimated from microsatellite analysis data. The power of inbreeding was detected towards horse  pedigree. We suggested the use of genetic analysis of microsatellite loci of DNA for the determination of actual level of inbreeding. Keywords: inbreeding, degree of homozygosity, microsatellite loci.


Objective To analysis and explore the diagnosis and microsurgical approach treatment for the tumors in the foramen magnum.Methods The clinical data of 23 patients with tumors in the foramen magnum who underwent microsurgery treatment in our hospital from June,2010 to December,2012,twelve underwent microsurgery through the suboccipital medline approach,eight underwent microsurgery through the sub-occipital outside medline approach,three underwent microsurgery through the suboccipital far-lateral approach.Results The tumors were totally resected in 17 patients,subtotally in 4 and partially in 2.No patients died of surgery.Conclusion According to the place and the character of tumors in foramen magnum,selecting suitable surgical approach in preoperative can improve the totally resected rate and decrease the postoperative complication


By means of LOM and EBSD technology,it was studied that the effect of adding rare earth in the process of annealing on microstructure and texture of CSP soft steels flat cold-rolled sheet.The results show that CSP soft steels flat cold-rolled sheet begins recrystallization when it is heated up to 580 ℃ in course of cover annealing,and can gain uniform grain with cake shape on the condition of keeping 9 hour at 680 ℃;Adding rare earth is favorable to {111}〈110〉 and {111}〈112〉 grain growth and texture strength increase.


FIELD: chemistry. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to a novel crystalline form of desmethylvenlafaxine of formula in form of a hydrochloride salt of a stereomerically pure compound which is suitable for treating, preventing or managing a disease selected from depression, pain, anxiety, incontinence or vasomotor symptoms caused by menopause. The crystalline form contains water in amount of about 4% to about 8% of the total weight of the sample, and molar ratio of the water to the hydrochloride salt is about 1:1, and the crystalline form has X-ray powder diffraction peaks at positions of about 12.7, 14.5, 19.1, 21.4, 23.0, 25.5 and 27.3°2θ, and is characterised by the following corresponding unit cell parameters measured at 150 K: a=6.78 A; b=9.29 A; c=27.65 A; α=90°; β=90°; γ=90°. The crystalline form is characterised by weight loss during thermal gravimetric analysis of about 4% to about 8%, primarily about 5.6% of the total weight of the sample when heated from about 25°C to about 110°C and endothermic effect during differential scanning calorimetry with onset temperature of the effect of about 50°C to about 125°C, primarily about 93°C. The crystalline form is non-hygroscopic at relative humidity from about 5% to about 85% and absolute form. EFFECT: obtaining a compound which is suitable for treating, preventing or managing a disease selected from depression, pain, anxiety, incontinence or vasomotor symptoms caused by menopause. 20 cl, 58 dwg, 7 tbl, 18 ex


Dear readers, My term as the Editor-in-Chief ended last February. I am delighted to introduce the new Editor-in-Chief for the magazine, Prof. Yuguang "Michael" Fang, from the University of Florida. Michael has been on the Editorial Board of the magazine since January 2003, and has organized several special issues and handled the review process for many of our open call papers. He is a capable researcher and is very active in the professional community. I have no doubt he will continue in the tradition of our magazine's excellence since its start in 1994.


At the scale of an individual host, mistletoes are aggregated in space, resulting from the preferential perching of mistletoe dispersers on previously infected plants. We hypothesized that the landscape scale movement patterns of mistletoe dispersers will also promote the aggregation of mistletoes. This hypothesis was tested by predicting the seed shadow for box mistletoe Amyema miquelii (Loranthaceae) and patterns of seed rain, by combining radiotelemetry data of mistletoebird Dicaeum hirundinaceum (Dicaeidae) movements with existing gut passage time data. Thirteen adult mistletoebirds had a mean home range of 20 ha, with core activity areas of approximately 1 ha, and birds more often used areas with high levels of mistletoe infestation. The predicted seed shadow of box mistletoe was leptokurtic, with a 12%, 35% and 23% probability of mistletoe seed being deposited 0 m (same host tree), 1–50 m and 51–100 m from the host tree, respectively. Although rare (3% probability), long distance dispersal of mistletoe (>500 m) can occur. The predicted patterns of seed rain were strongly aggregated, with birds dispersing large amounts of seed (>66 000 per ha) in areas with higher mistletoe infestation levels. The movements of mistletoe dispersers will therefore promote mistletoe aggregation at a landscape scale.


Studying the stigmatization of individuals with mental illnesses is a crucial step in combating the social prejudice against them. One frequently measured expression of mental illness stigma is the desire for social distance. Past research demonstrates that the personality traits encompassed in the five-factor model (Costa & McCrae, 1992) significantly predict various types of stigma, although studies correlating personality traits and mental illness stigma are limited. This study examined the relationship between personality traits and desire for social distance from an individual perceived as having a diagnosis of schizophrenia. It departed from previous methods of assessing stigma via hypothetical constructs (e.g. character vignettes) in favor of a face-toface interaction. Participants received information about a confederate's past schizophrenia diagnosis before engaging in social interaction with them (under the pretext of completing a cooperative crossword task). Participants' desire for social distance from the confederate was measured both by observing specific behavioral reactions and by collecting attitudinal reactions via a social distance questionnaire. In addition, participants' personality characteristics were assessed through a self-report inventory of the Big Five personality traits. Consistent with previous research, it was hypothesized that higher Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, and Extraversion would be associated with I) less distance placed between the participant and the confederate, 2) less time required for the participant to begin conversing with the confederate, 3) more eye contact between the participant and the confederate, and 4) lower scores on the social distance questionnaire. Results indicated that Big Five personality traits predicted neither observed nor selfreported desire for social distance. PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL DISTANCE 2 Personality Traits and Desire for Social Distance from Individuals with Mental Illnesses Studying the stigmatization of individuals with mental illnesses is a crucial step in combating the social prejudice against them. One frequently measured expression of mental illness stigma is the desire for social distance. In general, social distance means minimizing interpersonal contact with a particular person or group of people (Jorm & Oh, 2009). Furthermore, it can relate to both physical and figurative aspects of social interaction. For instance, while an individual might simply wish to avoid being labeled as a friend or contemporary of another, he or she might also desire literal spatial distance from that person. In addition, desire for social distance can be both behavioral (e.g. refusing to engage another person in conversation) and attitudinal (e.g. subscribing to stereotypes against particular people or groups in order to distinguish oneself from them). Previous research has examined a variety of factors as potential causes of social distancing as it relates to mental illness stigma. These factors include explicitly stated diagnostic labels and fear associated with the idea that people with mental illnesses are violent or dangerous. Link, Phelan, Bresnahan, Stueve, and Pescosolido (1999) investigated the effect of diagnostic labels and perception of mental illnesses on desire for social distance. Their study included 1444 adult participants, each of whom read one of 5 possible vignettes. Four of the vignettes featured a character who displayed symptoms meeting DSM-IV (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition) criteria for one of 4 particular mental illnesses (schizophrenia, major depressive disorder, alcohol dependence, or cocaine dependence). The fifth vignette served as a baseline measurement and described a character whose symptoms were not severe enough to require clinical PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL DISTANCE 3 attention. None of these vignettes mentioned their characters' diagnoses by name. After the participants read the vignettes, the researchers asked them to rate the likelihood that their characters were experiencing mental illnesses. Next, the researchers asked participants (except those who read about the character with less severe symptoms) to rate how likely it was that their characters were experiencing specific mental illnesses. The researchers asked this question in the following format: "How likely do you think it is that [name of character] is experiencing [name of illness related to symptoms described in the vignette]?" The researchers then measured participants' desire for social distance from their vignette characters by asking them to rate their willingness to socially interact with them in a variety of contexts (such as having a character as a neighbor or a close work colleague). The researchers found that participants who identified a high likelihood of mental illness in their character were more likely to desire social distance from them. Asking a question similar to that asked by Link, et al. (1999) but using a different methodology, Tanaka, Inadomi, Kikuchi, and Ohta (2005) surveyed 1211 adults to examine the relationship between desire for social distance from individuals with schizophrenia and beliefs about the causes of the illness. Social distancing attitudes were measured via the Mental Disorder Prejudice Scale, on which participants rated their agreement with statements such as "I would object to having people with mental disorders as neighbors" and "I would not be willing to work with people with mental disorders." Beliefs about the source of schizophrenia were measured by collecting participants' free-response written answers to the question, "What do you think causes schizophrenia?" The researchers found that social distancing was higher among participants who attributed schizophrenia to biological causes such as genetics or alcohol PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL DISTANCE 4 abuse and lower among those who attributed it to social causes such as "problems in interpersonal relationships" (Tanaka, et aI., 2005). A large body of additional mental illness stigma research exists, widely varied in both methodology and in the factors proposed as sources of stigma (for a comprehensive review, see Jorm & Oh, 2009). The majority of these studies, however, employ similar self-reports and/or vignettes to measure desire for social distance. Very few studies measure both behavioral distance and attitudinal distance simultaneously. Fewer still measure social distance from a "live" person, as opposed to a hypothetical person. The Role of Personality Characteristics Recent years have also seen a growing interest in examining the relationship between specific personality factors and various forms of stigma. Frequently, the personality traits examined are those found in the five-factor model: Openness to Experience, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Neuroticism (Costa & McCrae, 1992). Openness to Experience relates to a person's interest in and acceptance of unfamiliar occurrences, Conscientiousness to how a person approaches goal-oriented activity, Extraversion to the frequency and content of a person's social interactions, Agreeableness to a person's interpersonal skills and internal reactions to social situations, and Neuroticism to a person's emotional stability (Pervin, Cervone, & John, 2005). Each of these traits is typically measured on a continuum. A review by Sibley and Duckitt (2008) reports on studies that have examined the Openness, Conscientiousness, and Agreeableness traits in conjunction with forms of prejudice such as racism and sexism. Their meta-analysis revealed that lower Agreeableness and Openness to Experience predicted higher prejudice. Many different PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL DISTANCE 5 studies reach similar conclusions. For example, Ekehammar and Akrami (2003) also found that Openness and Agreeableness were negatively correlated to prejudice in general. In this study, the prejudice variable was composed of scores on seven different inventories addressing four subtypes: racism, sexism, homophobia, and discrimination against individuals with intellectual disabilities. In a more specialized study, Martin and Dula (2010) performed an analysis of the relationship between the aforementioned "Big Five" personality factors and stigma toward individuals with tattoos. Tattoo stigma was measured via a questionnaire in which 210 undergraduate students rated agreement with statements about people with tattoos (e.g. "Anyone that has been to prison is likely to have tattoos"). The researchers found a negative correlation between Conscientiousness and tattoo stigma. Finally, Canu, Newman, Morrow, and Pope (2008) correlated the Big Five traits of 257 undergraduate students with "social appraisal scores" directed toward fictional individuals with ADHD. These scores were determined by measuring attitudes such as willingness to work on a group project or to pursue a friendship with the given characters, and thus indicated participants' desire for social distance. While participant gender significantly influenced the results of the study, low Agreeableness, low Conscientiousness, and low Extraversion were each found to be predictors of social distance. Although it is important to account for the gender effects found in this study, the general association between the raters' personality traits and their expression of social stigma is a more interesting relationship overall. These findings merit further investigation of the relationship between the Big Five personality factors and desire for social distance. The results of Canu, et al. (2008) in PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL DISTANCE 6 particular prompt the question of whether a similar effect might be found among participants rating individuals with diagnoses other than ADHD. In addition, given the common use of social distance as a measure of stigma, it is surprising that the current literature is limited in terms of studies that correlate this factor with p


The unconsolidated surface material along the way may have a shear failure and slide with the land during the motion process,as a result,the entrainment of path material on the surface is formed. In order to carry out the simulation of dynamic process of entrainment along the way and study the influence of this entrainment on dynamic process of debris flow,the back analysis is made to study a typical historical debris flow with its erosion along the way,by combining debris flow dynamic model theory and the method of finite volume discretization based on the approximate Riemann solver of HLL scheme. The calculation has considered the entrainment action during the dynamic process of debris flows and reappears the whole process. The calculation results which are identical to actual disaster-caused area confirm the effectivity of the dynamic model theroy and the numerical solution. At the same time,compared with the results which have no consideration of entrainment,it is can be seen that the entrainment action can increase the motion volume of debris flow and enhance the motility so that the dynamic process of debris flows would be greatly influenced;and as a result,the debris flow will be more destructive and harmful.


Traditional thermal methods of drying food have often led to loss of flavours, nutrients, vitamins, etc., which encourages non-thermal pretreatments such as osmotic dehydration (OD) and/or high electric field (HEF) application to improve the overall product quality. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of osmotic dehydration (50% sucrose) with high electric field strengths of 0.5 and 1.0 kV/cm as pretreatments on the drying kinetics and mass transfer of green apples during convective drying at 65 °C and microwave drying at 1 W/g. The added value of the OD and HEF on the drying kinetics, and the effective mass transfer coefficients of the subsequent drying methods were investigated through this research. The efficacy of these pre-treatments was assessed and compared using cell disintegration index, product texture and thus bring forth new correlations between these pre-treatments and the cell disintegration index using dielectric spectroscopy and its effect on the product texture.


Large-scale benchmarks provide a solid foundation for the development of action analytics. Most of the previous activity benchmarks focus on analyzing actions in RGB videos. There is a lack of large-scale and high-quality benchmarks for multi-modal action analytics. In this article, we introduce PKU Multi-Modal Dataset (PKU-MMD), a new large-scale benchmark for multi-modal human action analytics. It consists of about 28,000 action instances and 6.2 million frames in total and provides high-quality multi-modal data sources, including RGB, depth, infrared radiation (IR), and skeletons. To make PKU-MMD more practical, our dataset comprises two subsets under different settings for action understanding, namely Part I and Part II. Part I contains 1,076 untrimmed video sequences with 51 action classes performed by 66 subjects, while Part II contains 1,009 untrimmed video sequences with 41 action classes performed by 13 subjects. Compared to Part I, Part II is more challenging due to short action intervals, concurrent actions and heavy occlusion. PKU-MMD can be leveraged in two scenarios: action recognition with trimmed video clips and action detection with untrimmed video sequences. For each scenario, we provide benchmark performance on both subsets by conducting different methods with different modalities under two evaluation protocols, respectively. Experimental results show that PKU-MMD is a significant challenge to many state-of-the-art methods. We further illustrate that the features learned on PKU-MMD can be well transferred to other datasets. We believe this large-scale dataset will boost the research in the field of action analytics for the community.


The effects of surfactant on the dispersion of nano-TiO2 and the deposition behavior of nano-TiO2/Ni composite coating were investigated.Sedimentation experiment was carried out to describe the dispersion effect of nano-TiO2.The results indicate that cationic surfactant CTAB has better effect on dissipating nano-TiO2 than other agents,while it will not settle more than 40 minutes,because nano-TiO2 dispersed uniformly.The microhardness of nano-TiO2/Ni coating with CTAB is improved largely.Besides,the coating presents great thermal stability and less porosity.CTAB leads to smoother and denser morphology of composite coatings compared with SDBS and PEG.The composite coatings were composed of Ni and TiO2 based on XRD and EDAX.It is concluded that codeposition behavior of nano-TiO2 and Ni should be a motion,absorption and mechanics.


We have improved the transcervical procedures for radical esophagectomy without thoracotomy for esophageal cancer since 2014, based on the excellent handling and visibility in the deep mediastinum provided by single-port mediastinoscopic technique. This study was to present our latest procedures of single-port mediastinoscopic radical esophagectomy and treatment outcomes for esophageal cancer.

 (Surgical procedure) First, en bloc lymphadenectomy in the upper and middle mediastinum was performed including the lymph nodes along the left recurrent laryngeal nerve and tracheal bifurcation (subcarinal and bilateral main bronchial lymph nodes) by using a left cervical approach with a single-port mediastinoscopic technique, then, the lymph nodes along the right recurrent laryngeal nerve was done under direct vision by using a right cervical approach. Following the cervical procedures, the esophagus was completely mobilized with en bloc lymphadenectomy in the lower mediastinum by using a laparoscopic transhiatal approach. Finally, the cervical esophagus was transected, and the esophagus was resected through the abdominal incision. This operation was indicated not only for the patients with clinical T1–2 tumors, but also for those with clinical T3 tumors which showed a good response to preoperative chemotherapy. The perioperative outcomes of 111 patients who underwent this operation were reviewed. In addition, overall survival was analyzed and compared between transthoracic and transmediastinal esophagectomy groups (TTE, n = 177 vs. TME, n = 131).

 The background characteristics were as follows; squamous/adeno, 106/5; Ce/Ut/Mt/Lt/Ae, 2/20/58/26/5; cT1–2/T3, 51/60; cN0/N1–2, 53/58; cM0/M1lym, 104/7; cStage I-II/III-IV, 62/49 (TNM7th); preoperative chemotherapy (yes/no), 64/47. The operation time and blood loss were 370 min and 205 ml (median), respectively, and R0 resection rates were 97.3%. Postoperatively, pneumonia was observed in 8 patients (7.2%, C-D grade II or more), while vocal cord palsy was detected in 33 patients (29.7%, C-D grade I or more). Recent introduction of intraoperative nerve monitoring with NIM response 3.0 significantly reduced the palsy in laryngoscopic findings. Overall survival was not significantly different in each clinical stage between TTE and TME groups.

 Single-port mediastinoscopic esophagectomy is feasible as a radical and minimally invasive option for esophageal cancer.

 All authors have declared no conflicts of interest.


ABSTRACT This paper shows how reading and writing processes contribute to therapist supervision as a means of working through impasse situations and facilitating the development of the therapeutic self. Texts read and written during supervision will mediate resistance, blocked narratives and containment or attention issues, as well as difficulties in change and processing developments during therapy. Texts will serve as a platform to contain the unconscious and conscious realms and shall contain the professional intrapersonal processing of the supervisee, as well as therapist-patient transference and countertransference relations and supervision relations. For this purpose, three variations of supervision shall be presented, demonstrating the transformative power of reading and writing processes for supervision in impasse situations: (1) reading and writing the therapeutic hour's summaries as a means to gain a re-observation; (2) the text's contribution in removing the patient's identity barriers; (3) the text as a release container to expose the iceberg.


Fe3Si alloy doped with 3d transition metals (Mn and Cr) has been investigated by ab initio calculations [1–3]. The object of the present study is Fe3Si which has the DO3-type structure. In this structure, there are two nonequivalent sublattices (A, C) and B, which are occupied by Fe atoms, whereas all D sites are taken by Si. However, some Mössbauer measurements indicate that a small disorder exists between B and D sites [4, 5]. This means that some Si atoms occupy B sites and small fraction of Fe is also located at D sites. In Fe3–xMnxSi alloy, Mössbauer measurements indicated an additional partial disorder between (A, C) and D sites [6]. Because of some discrepancies between theoretical and experimental results, it is attractive to go a little further and perform calculations in which experimentally found disorder would be taken into account. __________


A phenomenological model of the viscous compressible fluid flow and heat transfer is proposed. It takes into account the contribution of the momentum and energy transfer by phonons.The equation of motion is based on a new interpretation of the Stokes hypothesis, in which the stresstensor linear invariant is associated not with thermodynamic, but phonon pressure. The energyequation additionally takes into account the work of the phonon pressure forces.


China Men is one of the representative works by Chinese American writer M. H. Kingston. It has won wide recognition both in popular literary market and in scholarly endeavors. Based on a critical analysis of the early Chinese immigrants life experience in Kingston's China Men, this paper intends to delineate the symbolic meanings of silence implied in this book.


A new autotuning method, based on an identification^procedure under P, PI or PID feedback, has been developed to tune PID controllers automatically. The process is identified as a second-order plus dead-time model. Simple algorithms for tuning P, PI and PID controllers are proposed to meet desired specifications on dominant pole placement. IMC-PID controller settings are also provided based on the resulting model. The method can be applied when initial PID settings are required or the settings need to be adapted to changing conditions. A simulation study demonstrates the validity and self-tuning capability of the method for a wide variety of process dynamics.


Coeliac disease (CD) is a T‐cell mediated immunological disease of the small intestine which is precipitated in susceptible individuals by ingestion of gluten. We recently reported that gliadin‐specific T cells can be found in the small intestinal mucosa of CD patients, and that a preponderance of these T cells was restricted by the CD‐associated DQ(%aL*0501, βl*0201)heterodimer. Here we report studies on whether the same is found for gliadin specific T cells in the peripheral blood of CD patients. T‐cell responses towards gluten antigens in vitro were found for both most CD patients and healthy controls. Gluten‐specific T‐cell clones (TCC) were established from four CD patients. Although a large proportion of these TCC were restricted by DQ molecules, including the CD‐associated DQ(α1*0501, β1*0201) heterodimer, several were restricted instead by DR or DP molecules. Thus, gluten‐derived peptides can be presented to T cells by several different HLA elass‐II molecules, and the preferential DQ(#aL1*0501, β1*0201) restriction of gluten‐specific T cells in the small intestinal mucosa of CD patients is less pronounced than for similar T eells in the peripheral blood.


Complete or subtotal infarction in the territory of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) may be complicated by the formation of a space-occupying cerebral edema, which leads to fatal transtentorial herniation within a few days. Even maximum conservative treatment may not change the course of the disease substantially. These so-called malignant MCA infarctions (MMI) are, therefore, life-threatening events and survivors have permanent disability.1


In the field of the image processing and computer vision the Generalized Hough transform can examine various types of curves and the calculation amount and memory in demand is relatively less than the original Hough transform.For the big images as the well log curve image the calculation speed based on the generalized Hough transform still seems slow.An improved generalized Hough transform is presented,which can checks and measures the image angle at a fast speed by setting reference points on the shape edge's ending point.The calculation speed increases by more than 10 times than the generalized Hough transform.In the view of the image skew correction an improved image athwart rotation is proposed.It can solve the problems of the holes and sawtooth.Compared with the previous methods this new arithmetic is much faster,more accurate and requires smaller memory.Besides it almost saves half of the computation time.


More than a decade ago, MA(Mobile Agents) were introduced for NM(Network Management) of distributed computer networks in tandem with the design paradigm of Code- Shipping the agents to remote node, where they are programmed to collect, analyze and process data locally. However, even today, most networks employ SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol), an inherently Client-Server based stable and proven protocol, which uses the paradigm Data-Shipping. It suffers from the major drawback that when the network traffic increases, the manager is overloaded due to excessive processing. Real synergy could be achieved if we adopt a hybrid approach that brings the best of both paradigms. In this paper we present Net Mobile-CopHybrid NM Framework, prototyped on Aglet Mobile Agent System and AdventNet SNMP Package, which imbibes this synergy. We also introduce a novel method to dynamically configure managed nodes using intelligent agents. We also provide quantitative evaluation leading to useful tips to the sys-admin as to when to toggle between SNMP and MA usage.


Mrj is a protein coding gene from Drosophila.Hydrophilic and well specific fragment of mrj is selected by bioinformatics method.Then it was amplified the fragment by PCR and cloned into the expression vector pET-28a to acquire the recombinant expression plasmid pET-28a-mrj.It was transformed into Escherichia coli Rosetta,and the fusion protein with His tag was induced with IPTG.The fusion protein was purified by nickel chelating resin.His-mrj fusion protein was used to immune the New Zealand white rabbits,then identified the antibody by Western blot.