The "wide-gap" esophageal atresia patients, on whom the esophagoesophagostomy is difficult to perform primarily, constitute 15-20 percent of the patients with congenital esophageal atresia. Circular esophagomyotomy developed by Livaditis offers a good prognosis for primary esophagoesophagostomy, in which esophagus is able to elongate at the myotomied site and overbridge the gaps between both esophageal ends. Eighty-three patients, including our six patients, who underwent the Livaditis' procedure were analyzed to determine the ideal operative indication and timing of the procedure. The results were: 1) In the patients with Gross C type of atresia, the indication of Livaditis' procedure was thought to be optimal for overbridging the gaps of 2 to 3cm if those were performed during their neonatal periods. 2) In the patients with Gross A or B types having wider gaps, the timing varied with the patients' age from three to four months to later months (around one year) depending on the degree of the effectiveness of bougienage for their preoperative esophageal elongation. 3) In the majority of patients with esophageal atresia, to whom bowel interposition had been indicated for overbridging their wider gaps, Livaditis' procedure was thought to be preferable.


Taxonomic studies of Mimosa subser. Polycephalae revealed a new species and indicated the need for taxonomic and nomenclatural adjustments in the group. Mimosa pseudoracemosa is described and illustrated as a new species from Goias State in central-western Brazil. We discuss its geographic distribution, environmental preferences, phenology and conservation status and compare it with the morphologically similar M. pseudoradula and M. flavocaesia. A new status for M. pseudoradula var. detonsa and a new name are proposed (= M. detonsa), including M. pseudoradula var. anapolitana and M. pseudoradula var. crystallites as its synonyms, as well an updated circumscription for M. pseudoradula without the admission of varieties. We also present descriptions, images, maps, comments on their distributions and morphological relationships, flowering and fruiting periods, and conservation statuses. In addition to the morphological and geographic discontinuities of the aforementioned taxa, their trichome micromorphology supported the establishment of the new species, as well as the taxonomic decisions involving M. pseudoradula.


Coral reef ecosystems are coastal ecosystems that are rich in biodiversity. At this time many coral reefs are in a damaged condition which results in reduced coral reef ecosystems. Therefore, it is necessary to anticipate that coral reefs are not lost or reduced. Saving coral reefs can be done by propagation of coral with artificial reef. This study aims to carry out coral reef propagation techniques by using Coconut Shell Media and Paralon Concrete Media and see comparisons of coral reef growth. The research was conducted from March to June 2021 in Wangi-Wangi Island, Wakatobi, and Province Southeast Sulawesi. From the results of observations and measurements for 11 weeks, the absolute average growth of coral reefs on coconut shell media is 1.05 mm while on concrete media is 0.54 mm. Coral growth rate on coconut shell media is 0.10 mm/week and on concrete media is 0.05 mm/week. The survival rate of coral reefs on coconut shell media is 94.4% while on concrete media is 88.8%.


In this article we report on recent work on building numerical approximation schemes for nonlinear Schrödinger equations. We first consider finite-difference space semi-discretizations and show that the standard conservative scheme does not reproduce at the discrete level the dispersion properties of the continuous Schrödinger equation. This is due to high frequency numerical spurious solutions. In order to damp out or filter these high-frequencies and to reflect the properties of the continuous problem we propose two remedies. First, adding a suitable extra numerical viscosity term at a convenient scale, and, second, a two-grid filter of the initial datum with meshes of ratio 1/4. We prove that these alternate schemes preserve the dispersion properties of the continuous model. We also present some applications to the numerical approximation of nonlinear Schrödinger equations with initial data in L. Despite the fact that classical energy methods fail, using these dispersion properties, the numerical solutions of the semi-discrete nonlinear problems are proved to converge to the solution of the nonlinear Schrödinger equation. We also discuss some open problems and some possible directions of future research. 1.


Subtitle: While the National Shipping Company of Saudi Arabia (NSCSA) has consciously reduced its involvement in the container liner shipping business over the past five years, boxes remain an integral part of the company's general cargo/project services. John Fossey explains why.


The Needham Puzzle ever since its proposal is always the key point,the difficulty and the hot topic of discussion among the academic circles to understand the development of ancient Chinese science and technology.There exist contradictions in the development of ancient Chinese science and technology.The article attempts to explain the puzzle in three aspects from the perspective of Kuhn's paradigm theory.Firstly,ancient Chinese science and technology development obviously lacks a paradigm.Secondly,owing to the lack of paradigm,there is nothing to substitute one with the other,and the development of science and technology could not constitute a continuous process.Thirdly,in modern times,however,the discontinuity inevitably leads to total break-up.


Distribution of growth rate and composition of InGaAsP films along the reactor length direction grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition process were studied using computational methods. The influences of process parameters such as pressure, temperature and precursors inlet partial pressures on the growth rate and composition distributions are analyzed. Trimethyl-indium, trimethyl-gallium, tertiary-butylarsine and tertiary-butylphosphine were used as precursors and hydrogen as dilution gas. The reaction model includes 4 gas-phase reactions and 8 surface reactions. Predicted values of the growth rate and composition were compared to the experimental results to validate the numerical model. The influences of heater temperature and operating pressure were analyzed thereafter


This paper focuses on first-order logic (FO) extended by reachability predicates such that the expressiveness and hence decidability properties lie between FO and monadic second-order logic (MSO): in FO(R) one can demand that a node is reachably from another by some sequence of edges, whereas in FO(Reg) a regular set of allowed edge sequences can be given additionally. We study FO(Reg) logic in infinite grid-like structures which are important in verification. The decidability of logics between FO and MSO on those simple structures turns out to be sensitive to various parameters. Furthermore we introduce a transformation for infinite graphs called set-based unfolding which is based on an idea of Lohrey and Ondrusch. It allows to transfer the decidability of MSO to FO(Reg) onto the class of transformed structures. Finally we extend regular ground tree rewriting with a skeleton tree. We show that graphs specified in this way coincide with those expressible by vertex replacement and product operators. This allows to extend decidability results of Colcombet for FO(R) to those graphs.


New Demand for more plan-led spatial management system, combined with globalisation, deregulation, suburbanisation and localisation, present a challenge to the traditional paradigm of land use management and planning at the level of both nation and city. Drawing on detailed case studies, this paper looks at the way in which the planning system has worked at city level, and seeks to identify its problems, causes and improvements in relation to current spatial planning system. This study pointed out dualistic planning system as one of major problems. The dualistic system means a planning system which can be applied to only urban areas. The result of this study suggests three alternatives; consolidation of current National Land Use Management Act, Integration of National Land Use Management Act and Urban Planning Act, and complete reform of planning system like advanced European countries. This paper recommends an alternativeⅡ in consideration of Korean contexts, such as the trends of urban governance and institutional capacity.


The Schrodinger wave functional ψ = exp(-S(Aai)(x)}) for the d = 3 + 1 QCD vacuum is a partition function constructed in d = 4; the exponent 2S [in |ψ| 2 = exp(-2S)] plays the role of a d = 3 Euclidean action. We start from a simple conjecture for S based on dynamical generation of a gluon mass M in d = 4, then use earlier techniques of the author to extend (in principle) the conjectured form to full non-Abelian gauge invariance. We argue that the exact leading term, of 0(M), in an expansion of S in inverse powers of M is a d = 3 gauge-invariant mass term (gauged nonlinear sigma model); the next-leading term, of O(1/M), is a conventional Yang-Mills action. The d = 3 action that is (twice) the sum of these two terms has center vortices as classical solutions. The d = 3 gluon mass m 3 , which we constrain to be the same as M, and d = 3 coupling g2/3 are related through the conjecture to the d = 4 coupling strength, but at the same time the dimensionless ratio m 3 /g2/3 can be estimated from d = 3 dynamics. This allows us to estimate the d = 4 coupling α s (M 2 ) in terms of the strictly d = 3 ratio m 3 /g23; we find a value of about 0.4, in good agreement with an earlier theoretical value but somewhat low compared to the QCD phenomenological value of 0.7 ± 0.3. The wave functional for d = 2 + 1 QCD has an exponent that is a d = 2 infrared-effective action having both the gauge-invariant mass term and the field-strength squared term, and so differs from the conventional QCD action in two dimensions, which has no mass term. This conventional d = 2 QCD would lead in d = 3 to confinement of all color-group representations. But with the mass term (again leading to center vortices), only N-ality≢0 mod N representations can be confined [for gauge group SU(N)], as expected.


A survey involving 300 practicing engineer's from all over the United States and representing 20 other countries was conducted, concerning ideas and opinions of the priority research needed to improve and implement pavement management within highway agencies more successfully. This survey produced 226 research problem statements related to the short-term (four to five year time frame) needs for implementing better pavement management and 204 related to the long-term (15-20 year time frame) needs for developing better pavement management. This paper compiles, summarizes, and evaluates these research need statements. It formulates a rational research program to improve pavement management as envisioned by a large group of practicing engineer's in ll aspects of pavement management and at all levels of application. The results of this study are interesting and useful for any highway agency in terms of the agency's future research needs and also for identifying weakness to be aware of in terms of current pavement management efforts. It also suggests relative funding levels for future improvements on both the short-term basis and the long-term basis.


The electrophoretic term of the limiting law for conductance is evaluated using Oseen's expression for the velocity field generated in a fluid medium by the motion of an immersed ball. This expression accounts for the nonzero inertia and kinetic energy of the fluid, unlike Stokes' velocity field which is usually used in conductance theory. The electrophoretic term calculated in the framework of the Debye—Huckel conductance theory reduces to the classical result in the usual range of experimental conditions and also makes a very small contribution to the Wien effect for electric fields in the accessible range.


【Objective】 To investigate the expressions of matrix metalloproteinase-11(MMP-11) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1(TIMP-1) in colorectal carcinoma.【Methods】 The expressions of MMP-11 and TIMP-1 in colorectal carcinoma tissue and normal colorectal mucosa were studied by immunohistochemistry.【Resluts】 The differences of expression of MMP-11 and TIMP-1 were significant between colorectal carcinoma tissue and normal colorectal mucosa(P0.05);Expressions of MMP-11 was correlated with depth of tumor invasion, LN mestasis and Dukes stage(P0.05); Expression of TIMP-1 was correlated with LN mestasis and Dukes stage(P0.05);Positive correlation between MMP-11 and TIMP-1 was observed(P0.05).【Conclusion】 MMP-11 and TIMP-1 play a role in the generation and development of colorectal carcinoma, and may be markers to predict the progression and metastasis of colorectal carcinoma.


Churches in Europe are being faced with a transformation that can be described as a seismic shift. In order to face the challenge of cultural witness in this context, this contribution proposes a Christologically contoured public theology. This will be spelt out in four consecutive steps. After a brief introduction on the paradigm of public theology, the second part tackles the question of addressees. Is the witness of public theology directed at the church or at the world? Making use of the insights of German theologian Dietrich Bonhoeffer, this contribution argues for going beyond the binary and understanding the one Christ-reality as the frame of reference for public theology and cultural witness. The third part seeks to uncover the transformative power of Christology for public witness by making use of the traditional dogmatic figure of the munus triplex for the task of witnessing to the "public Christ" (Michael Welker). In the final part, three theses sketch out the implications of public witness in "times that are a-changin'." (1) Public witness needs religious literacy and bilinguality. (2) For public witness, diaspora existence and missional existence are sisters. (3) Public witness is ecumenical, practical, and spiritual.


The EU's Early Warning System, best known for the 'yellow cards' that can be issued by national parliaments to EU legislative proposals, has been the subject of considerable debate since it was introduced by the Treaty of Lisbon. Drawing on a new study, Philippe van Gruisen and Martijn Huysmans demonstrate the informational value of the system for policymakers and the general public.


The decision by fishermen to discard or retain fish of low value to make room for more valuable fish in the hold of a boat (high-grading) is similar to diet choice problems faced by natural foragers. In our study, we apply the rationale of diet choice theory to high-grading behavior in the Oregon trawl fishery by treating fishermen as foragers who must decide how much of each net's haul to "ingest" before searching for more prey. We derive a state-dependent, temporal model of discarding behavior within a fishing trip. This optimization considers the availability of differently valued fish, trip quotas set by the regulatory agency, and the risk of premature trip termination due to loss of gear or injury. The results indicate that those parameters affect discarding behavior through their effect on the probability of exceeding the allowable catch, which we consider analogous to gut capacity. High-grading (partial prey consumption) occurred throughout many simulated trips. The predictions were consistent with the trends in discarding observed in the Oregon trawl fleet. Behavioral models such as ours can be useful to fishery managers by providing a means to explore the potential responses of fishermen to new regulations before they are implemented.


Objective To investigate the reasonable dissection extent of mediastinal lymph nodes in peripheral non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) of stage CI. Method A retrospective study was carried on the data of 112 patients with peripheral NSCLC of stage CI undergoing radical surgery and systemic mediastinal lymph nodes dissection.Results Among all the 112 patients, N2 was found in 16 patients (14.3%) through postoperative pathological exam.The mediastinal lymph node metastasic rate of adenocarcinoma was 19.5%,and squamous cell carcinoma was 8.6%, the difference was significant (P=0.021).The mediastinal lymph node metastasic rate of stage IA was 7.5%, and stage IB was 16.7%,the difference was significant (P=0.045). 77.8% mediastinal lymph node metastasis of superior lobe tumor was in superior mediastinum, 71.4% mediastinal lymph node metastasis of inferior lobe tumor was in inferior mediastinum.Tumor in superior lobe or inferior lobe both could transfer to surcarinal node. Conclusion Regional mediastinal nodal and surcarinal nodal dissection should be routinely performed on patients with peripheral non-small cell lung cancer of stage CI.


Despite the existence of a large literature dedicated to the art market, the management of art galleries remains a black box as both buyers and sellers put a high value on discretion. This paper overcomes the traditional lack of quantitative data by analysing the complete books of one of the most successful French galleries at the end of the 19 century: Goupil, Boussod & Valadon. This original database covers the sale of more than 40,000 artworks that occurred between 1860 and 1914. Rapidity to sell artworks was a key element in Goupil's strategy. As a whole Goupil sold 71% of artworks bought. Out of the sold artworks, almost 80% were sold within a year (with 22% before the acquisition reflecting orders). Goupil extracted a higher return from aristocrats and competitors whereas branches and large buyers were getting a discount. Artworks from artists in residence were on average providing lower returns but were less likely to be sold at a loss. JEL Codes: N14, N44, Z11.


Muscle has proven to be an appropriate express ion system for genes , the product of which i s required in the general circulation as well as for muscle genes per se. This review deals with the design of the gene constructs including the vectors and the regulatory elements required for optimisation of expression fol lowing introduction of the relevant cDNA by intramuscular injection. The relative merits and problems associated with each type of vector including the immunogenic responses they elicit are discussed. Duchenne muscular dystrophy is used to illustrate the problems associated with gene therapy for a disease in which a muscle protein is defective or missing whilst haemophilia is chosen as an example of how a systemic protein, Factor VIII or IX, may be produced at low constitutive levels in muscle rather than liver.


The application of RFID technology in the book circulation in Shanghai Library was introduced.The status of asset management and experience of applying RFID technology in libraries around the world were discussed and suggestions and planning for Chinese libraries were presented. The application of RFID technology can increase the efficiency of the management of fixed assets, accelerating inventory velocity and enhancing dynamic management. So using RFID technology in libraries is becoming the developing direction of modern fixed asset management.


In this work, a simple electrode arrangement is proposed for a microfluidic channel that utilizes dielectrophoresis and fluid dynamics to separate circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from blood cells that can be used effectively in microfluidic channels. Dielectrophoresis mechanism aided the microfluidic channel that has been made considering the Clausius-Mossotti (CM) factor, electrical and other mechanical properties of white blood cell (WBC), red blood cell (RBC) and CTC particles to accumulate the rare CTCs being isolated from WBCs and RBCs to a specified outlet. A comparative analysis of the microfluidic channel for various ranges of inlet velocity and applied electric fields by computer-assisted multi-physics simulations using the Finite Element Method (FEM) with various governing parameters using COMSOL, MATLAB, and MyDEP software has been done in this study to validate the performance of the proposed microfluidic channel which showed 100% separation efficiency (SE) and separation purity (SP) for 4V peak-to-peak applied voltage on the electrodes. Analysis of the inputs and outputs from the simulation model has been done to suggest specific values of inputs for the most efficient separation of the microfluidic channel through Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS).


A new kind of TiO2 self-assembled nanometre material has been fabricated and is used as a hole-injecting buffer layer in organic electroluminescent devices.The luminance and the efficiency of a devicy individually rises from 1500cd/m^2 to 5000cd/m^2 and from 2.0cd/.A to 3.92cd/A at the current density of 100mA/cm^2.The enhancements in brightness and efficiency are attributed to an improved balance of hole and electron injections due to blocking of the injected holes by the buffer layer and a more homogeneous adhesion of the hloe transprting layer to the anode.


The main objective of this study was to investigate the antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects of brown algae Padina tetrastromatica against carbon tetrachloride using animal model mice. Carbon tetrachloride is an organic liquid similar to chloroform. The hepatoprotective effect was assessed by monitoring the serum marker enzymes, antioxidants like thiobarbituric acid, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione-s-transferase, and protein. The animal groups were divided into four includes Group I Normal mice, Group II Mice treated with Olive oil, Group III treated with Carbon tetrachloride along with olive oil (1:1 (v/v) mixture of CCl4 and olive oil), Group IV treated with both Carbon tetrachloride and of Padina tetrastromatica extract. The seaweed extract was administered three hours after the administration of carbon tetrachloride. In order to assess the hepatic damage in liver, the activities of Thiobarbituric acid, Glutathione, and Superoxide dismutase, Catalase and Glutathione peroxide were estimated in animal model. Padina tetrastromatica extract produced significant (P<.001) hepatoprotective effects by decreasing the activity of serum enzymes and bilirubin. Based on the histopathological and biochemical parameters, it was suggested that Padina tetrastromatica extract could perhaps protect liver cells from carbon tetrachloride induced liver damage by its antioxidant effect of hepatocytes thus decreasing the harmful effects of toxic metabolites of carbon tetrachloride.


Nonlinear dynamics evolution model criterion of tunnel and energy evolution model criterion of tunnel are to describe and judge for the same system from dynamic process and energy state.From the description of two models to the zonal disintegration in surrounding rocks,the consistency of two models in space is proved by the relation between thermodynamic entropy S,Kolmogorov entropy and correlation dimension of nonlinear dynamics.The consistency of two models in time by the relation between evolution time of two models.According to the description of two failure criteria to stability state of different evolution stages,from division of system evolution stages by them,the unity of two failure criteria under the conditions of regular development and salutatory development is analyzed.This research more explained nonlinear mechanism of tunnel unstable failure while two models and criteria are validated each other.This research has a great significance for the stability judgment of surrounding rocks of tunnels.


The geochemical characteristics of rare earth elements (REEs) in intertidal sediments in Tianjin coastal zone were systematically studied. The environmental behaviors of REEs in polluted river were also examined. The source of REEs in intertidal sediments was discussed on the basis of distribution pattern of REEs. The results can be summed up in the following aspects: (1) The average content of total REEs in the intertidal sediments is 164.5 mg*kg-1, and different in different sections of the coast. (2) Residual REEs in the coastal zone decrease from north to south, and Fe-Mn oxides and organic matter-bound REEs increase. Compared with those in Changjiang River, ratio between residual and carbonate REEs is obviously low. (3) Distribution patterns of REEs show that light REEs is relatively high and Eu-anomaly is slightly negative. They are similar to the patterns in coastal and inland rivers and different from those in continental shelf.


Electrocardiogram (ECG) signals are among the most important sources of diagnostic information in healthcare, so improvements in their analysis are also of growing importance. The rapidly developing signal technology and a flourishing variety of algorithms have proved successful targets for recent advances in research. Several techniques have been proposed to extract the ECG components contaminated with the background noise and allow the measurement of subtle features in the ECG signal. This paper illustrates the ability of Independent Component Analysis (ICA) for removal of noises and artifacts and source separation. With the discussions on some ICA schemes such as JADE algorithm, Fast ICA and constrained ICA (cICA), a hybrid algorithm using Fast ICA for noise removal and cICA for source separation has been proposed along with their simulation results.


Stroke is the first cause of disability and second most frequent cause of mortality after ischemic heart disease in adults worldwide. An estimated 5.5 million subjects in the world die every year as a result of stroke, while two-thirds of patients who sustain a stroke in countries with developing market economies die as a result of the stroke (Salinas & Medina, 2007). Stroke causes a major public health challenge due to a high fatality rate and an increased number of stroke survivors dependent on the health care system, caregivers and their communities (Heller, Langhorne & James, 2000; Langhorne, Coupar & Pollock, 2009).


We are reporting the design, fabrication and performance of a TTL compatible 4-bit GaAs integrated digital-to-analogue convertor with an output voltage between –2.8 V and +2.8 V. This circuit has been especially designed to control the gain of power dual-gate FETs by applying a voltage on the capacitively terminated second gate.


Have you ever searched the pages of a Where's Waldo® book and found it difficult to find him? Your eyes jump around the page scanning for his red-and-white striped shirt, but all you seem to find are other funny characters. Maybe you keep getting distracted by a big green monster that does not look anything like Waldo. After you finally find him, you realize that you looked right at Waldo many times without noticing him. Do not worry! In this article, we explain that this is not because you are a bad detective, but because of the way the brain works when we pay attention.


The author describes the test procedure for, and the results of, many small-scale fire tests conducted during a recently reported study that was made to provide information for numerically evalu-ating the effect of moisture on fire endurance. He concludes with an equation for calculating the fie endurance of a building element at a given moisture content when its fire endurance at some other moisture content is known.


Objective To study the hookworm disease control measures in hypo endemic area. Method Selective stool examination with Kato Katz method was carried out in 3 villages (1 for mass chemotherapy; 1 for target chemotherapy and 1 for control). In target and mass chemotherapy villages, a total adult dose of 600 mg mebendazol was taken in 1.5d for 3 times while NaHCO 3 was used as placebo in control village. Stool examination was made 2 and 16 months after treatment. Results The hookworm infection rates dropped from 6.90% to 1.41%, 1.92% in target chemotherapy village and dropped from 10.10% to 2.22%, 0.65% in mass chemotherapy village while the infection rates in control village were 5.14%, 3.54% and 1.94%. Conclusion Target chemotherapy as an economic and effective control measure could supersede the mass chemotherapy in hypo endemic areas.


Intelligent Tutoring Systems are systems which provide direct customized instruction to students. An Intelligent Tutoring System consists of four modules. This research concentrates on two of the modules, namely, the Tutoring Module and the Expert Module, analyzes tutoring systems which contribute to the design of these modules. The study identifies the issues which have not been addressed in previous contributions.


List of Illustrations Preface Acknowledgments Introduction to an Improbable Year 1 * The Year of the Internet 2 * Terror in the Heartland, and a Wary America 3 * O.J., DNA, and the "Trial of the Century" 4 * Peace at Dayton and the "Hubris Bubble" 5 * Clinton Meets Lewinsky Conclusion: The Long Reach of 1995 The Timeline of a Watershed Year: 1995 Notes Select Bibliography Index


At the end of 1999, nearly 70% of France's industrial-sector enterprises with over 20 employees were connected to the Internet, 80% had networked PCs, and nearly 90% used mobile telephones. These key tools of the information and communication technologies (ICTs) are now in standard use in large firms, where penetration rates exceed 95%. Penetration of other ICT tools is accelerating: in late 1999, 39% had set up a web site and 37% had adopted Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) business management software. Yet fewer than 10% had set up an extranet. ICTs are penetrating all sectors of industry, with penetration rates generally higher in firms that are large, innovative and open to foreign trade. In ICT deployment strategy, the main objective of industrial enterprises is to improve customer service, with cost cutting and improving the firm's internal organization ranked as the next two objectives. Alongside technical difficulties in ICT deployment, enterprises report increasing difficulty in recruiting competencies, and in training or redeploying personnel.


The effects of the fluorinated triethyleneglycol dimethacrylate (F-TEGDMA) on the mechanical properties of composites made with this monomer, under both dry and aged conditions, was investigated. Photo-polymerizable formulations of 50/50, 30/70 and 10/90 mol:mol% F-TEGDMA/BisEMA (F5E5, F3E7 and F1E9), and 50/50 mol/mol% TEGDMA/BisEMA (T5E5) and TEGDMA/BisGMA (T5G5) were mixed with 76 wt% of silanated BaSiO2 filler to form the experimental composite formulations. The experimental T5E5 and T5G5 formulations and a commercial composite HXR (Herculite XR, Kerr), having a similar formulation to the T5G5 group, served as the controls. The compressive strength (CS), diametral tensile strength (DTS), flexural strength (FS) and abrasive wear rate (WR) were determined and compared. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques were used to evaluate the fracture surfaces. ANOVA and Tukey-Kramer tests were used to determine between group differences. The study shows that replacing TEGDMA with F-TEGDMA does not signifi...


Problems concerning the sum of two fourth powers of integers seem to be so difficult that little has been known since long years [3]. For instance, it is an important problem to determine whether there are infinitely many prime numbers which are represented in the form p = a 4+b 4. But nothing is known except that the density of such prime numbers is easily proved to be 0; accordingly it is difficult to obtain a necessary and sufficient condition under which p is represented in such a form.


Vehicles are a necessity that currently must be owned by the community, be it private vehicles or public transportation. However, with the increase in the number of vehicles, the government as the party that has responsibility for facilities and infrastructure does not keep pace with the increase in roads. This has resulted in frequent traffic jams, especially during busy times or working hours, thus overwhelming the authorized officers of both the Transportation agency and traffic police. To assist officers in the field in breaking down congestion that occurs with the help of CCTV monitoring installed in several sections of the APILL intersection, a real-time detection and calculation system is needed. The focus of the research is to optimize the Yolov3 algorithm in detecting and classifying vehicles by applying the Kalman Filter as a vehicle tracking method that has been classified. The dataset used for this research is the MSCOCO dataset with more than 300,000 object images. The test results of the two types of CCTV cameras that were carried out obtained the highest accuracy evaluation model of 53% when the APILL was red because the Kalman Filter did not work optimally.


(B = transition metal) oxides are proved to be highly active catalysts for oxidation reactions in connection with air pollution control. Especially, they are considered as potential catalysts in substitution of noble metal catalysts because of their high thermostability. Many investi-gators have suggested that oxygen vacancies in the perovskite oxides play a major role in catalytic oxidations although there is still debate on the origin of their catalytic activity.


We present Medusa, a proximity-aware multi-touch tabletop. Medusa uses 138 inexpensive proximity sensors to: detect a user's presence and location, determine body and arm locations, distinguish between the right and left arms, and map touch point to specific users and specific hands. Our tracking algorithms and hardware designs are described. Exploring this unique design, we develop and report on a collection of interactions enabled by Medusa in support of multi-user collaborative design, specifically within the context of Proxi-Sketch, a multi-user UI prototyping tool. We discuss design issues, system implementation, limitations, and generalizable concepts throughout the paper.


Arbitration is the most widespread mechanism for resolving disputes in the modern and Islamic eras. The current global tendency calls for an increase in the integration of disruptive technology, such as artificial intelligence (AI), into arbitration. Using doctrinal legal research methodology, this article examines the potential prospect of artificial intelligence (AI) in arbitration from international, national, and Islamic perspectives. To achieve that, several international arbitration laws, such as the Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards 1958 and UNCITRAL Model Law on International Commercial Arbitration 1985, national arbitration laws, such as Arbitration Act 2005 (Act 646), UK Arbitration Act 1996, and Singaporean Arbitration Act 2011, and the Islamic law were analysed. The collected data was analytically and critically analysed using the content analysis method. It is found that AI technologies would bring added value to arbitration if they are appropriately employed. However, from a legal perspective, arbitration laws are not mature enough to absorb AI technologies. Besides, it has been discovered that Islam does not prohibit AI technologies as long as they can serve humanity. According to the Islamic point of view, an artificial intelligence arbitrator (AIA) cannot replace human arbitrators. Finally, this article provides several recommendations to enhance the use of AI technologies and AIA in arbitration. This, in turn, would help in creating a modern, prosperous, and just world and improving the international relations between nations, international organisations, and individuals from different countries as any of them could resolve their disputes effectively.


In this paper,the weight of the incremental mining thinking optimization algorithm,for users to recommend personalized product configuration provides an effective solution.The method is mainly divided into three parts,first using the platform to build up user tracking module for tracking user behavior and collecting data;then combined with the user's behavior recently,the use of association rules mining based on the weight increment Apriori algorithm;final complete the product according to the recommended procedure to dig out results.By mining algorithm optimization,greatly improving the efficiency and accuracy of the product is recommended with the change in user behavior and changes in the system,more in line with the actual situation.Experimental results show that the algorithm can effectively solve the problem of product recommendation,compared to the traditional association rule mining algorithm,the accuracy is improved by 4%.


Stokkeland, J.M. (2005). Last night I had the strangest dream…Nordisk Psykologi, 57, 345–364. Through the scrutiny of a series of dreams from a female patient, the author illustrates one way of working with dreams in the psychotherapeutic setting, and how main characters in the psychoanalytic tradition—with the dream as their point of departure- have shown us some of the workings of the mind. The author lays special stress on the British object relational thinkers and tries to delineate how close examination of dreams can be a valuable tool in orienting oneself at what is going on in the transference and countertransference. Among the contributions that the article touches upon, are Melanie Kleins thinking on internal objects, Ronald Fairbairns idea of an internal saboteur and what Donald Meltzer calls the aesthetic conflict.


We have considered the measures of reduction of electricity losses, using a plant distribution-transformer substation as an example. The examples of two options for reactive power compensation are given: to install high-voltage capacitor bank or to install low-voltage capacitor bank. As a result of modelling in Simulink the values of the power factors reached with high-voltage (6 kV) and low-voltage (0.4 kV) sides were determined. It is shown that the use of the high-voltage capacitor bank does not change the power factor on the low-voltage side. The high-voltage and the low-voltage capacitor banks were selected. It is illustrated that if measures of the reactive power compensation are applied active power losses will be reduced. It was concluded that the modelling in Simulink is very useful for the efficiency evaluation of the reactive power compensation.


Chronic hemodynamic overload such as hypertension induces genetic, molecular, cellular, and interstitial alterations which clinically manifest as changes in heart size, shape, and function, a process known as cardiac remodeling. Pressure overload caused by hypertension may produce imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and antioxidant capacity. Exercise plays an important role in mitigating cardiovascular risk factors such as hypertension. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of physical training on cardiac structures and function, physical capacity, and myocardial oxidative stress in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR).


In this article we discuss the problem of solid waste management using multi-compartment vehicles. Typically, in a city, different sources of waste are dispersed in a heterogeneous way, which increases the cost of collecting and transporting waste. In the waste management system, the municipalities of city have multiple sources; each source creates different types of waste. we propose to divide the waste management system into three different levels. firstly transfer separated solid waste from different sources (house, markets, school, etc.) to the compartmentalized transfer station, each compartment accommodating one or more supplies of the same type of product; then transport the waste separated from the transfer station to the treatment plants, each plant belonging to a specific specialty via a compartmentalised fleet; and finally transfer the waste produced from the treatment plants to the nearest landfill. our objective is to optimize the total cost of collecting and transporting different types of waste)


Routing is one of the most challenging problems in the opportunistic network owing to the occasion-connected mobile wireless environment. To overcome this weakness, many routing protocols have been put forward to solve it by exploiting the nodes' mobility history. Meanwhile, to parallel the current trend of the social network, some of them design the solution by utilizing the social relationship characteristics from the real world. Nevertheless, few of these works could close the gap between the two totally different meanings and improve the efficiency of the whole network based on both. In this paper, we propose social relationship enhanced predicable routing (SREP) in the opportunistic network. The whole algorithm depends on this truth- the nodes in the opportunistic network only visits some defined place because of its necessary relationship with other people, thus we could adapt the semi-deterministic Markov process to model the behavior of the node. And we also introduce Page Rank algorithm to quantify social degree of node. The simulation shows that SREP is an effective routing protocol in a specific scenario based on the human motion.


Based on pre-allocated relative sampling delays among optical network users (ONUs) in an orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) passive optical network (PON), the delay-division-multiplexing (DDM) technique employs signal pre-processing to enable demand data to be received by sub-Nyquist analog-to-digital sampling. This work employed an avalanche photodiode (APD) in a DDM-OFDM-PON to achieve higher loss budget, compared to a p-i-n photodiode (PIN). To successfully enable the pre-processing, however, the knowledge of channel response is required; thus, it is critical to estimate complete channel response in DDM-OFDM systems under the constraint of sub-Nyquist sampling. To avoid spectral overlapping in channel estimation, the subcarriers of training symbols in different frequency zones are allocated to different time slots. Unfortunately, this scheme may sustain inaccurate channel estimation due to different degrees of APD saturation for training subcarriers at different frequency zones, leading to significant penalty in performance. Thus, careful control of electrical driving power and optical received power for the training symbols will be important to reduce the impact of saturation on channel estimation, thereby improving transmission performance. We experimentally examined the impact of the accuracy of channel estimation in a 25-Gbps APD-based OFDM-PON. Compared to a PIN, we successfully demonstrated the DDM scheme based on an APD and 1/32 of Nyquist rate with 5-dB improvement in sensitivity after 25-km fiber transmission.


Collision avoidance in the intelligent car is one of the most difficult and challenging control problems of automatic driving. Methods such as braking or steering can be solutions, which may prevent possible accidents. In general, the optimal solution is to avoid by steering, and a path that reflects the characteristics of the vehicle and human driving is required. In this paper, we propose a sliding mode yaw controller for collision avoidance. The proposed method is applied to a 3rd-order vehicle model and the control scheme is to follow the yaw rate considering the desired trajectory of lane change. The stability of the proposed controller is proved by Lyapunov function and we show the result of lane change by controlled steering through simulation.


This paper discusses an approach for system simulation of an autopilot system designed for a Bell helicopter model. The flight controls for the helicopter is designed in Matlab/Simulink and the same is visualized in X-Plane flight simulator. The approach involves software in loop simulation method where controls are designed in Matlab/Simulink and the responses are observed on X-Plane plant. The interaction between the Matlab/Simulink and X-Plane is through UDP. A parameter identification of the X-Plane model is carried out from data obtained through UDP. This simulation setup is a good way to learn the intricacies of systems development, plant identification and control.


We present a practical and self-consistent approach to obtaining a wake function to be used in beam instability simulations from a numerical wake potential computed with an electromagnetic (EM) field solver for a finite length test bunch. The wake potential is processed to a numerical impedance by Fourier transforming (FT) it to the frequency domain and deconvoluting the bunch spectrum. We then decompose it into a set of well-known analytical functions that satisfy the causality and Maxwell's equations, eliminating the unphysical artifacts possibly contained in numerical solutions. Additional inverse FT of the decomposed impedance function into time domain allows retrieving an effective wake function. Relatively long bunches can be used for the numerical wake potential calculations, significantly reducing the computation time. We show that the method can be applied to a general 3D structure, which opens up the possibility of finding effective wake functions of complicated realistic vacuum chambers.


As generating facilities increase in size, number and complexity, the impact of maintenance schedules on power system reliability and cost also increases. This paper describes a technique and a computer program which have been developed as an operating and planning tool for scheduling the maintenance of generating facilities. The technique is a method for generating maintenance schedules which increase reliability and meet all practical scheduling constraints. The paper includes a description of the maintenance scheduling problem, the model on which the scheduling technique is based, and a description of the optimization technique. The model used in the program can be applied to large systems and recognizes a comprehensive set of scheduling constraints, including the availability of crews, outdoor units, past and pre-scheduled maintenance, maintenance of auxiliary equipment and others. The maintenance of each unit is scheduled so that the interrelated constraints on the system are resolved and so that the minimum net reserve in the schedule is maximized. The approach and the program can also be applied to the coordination of maintenance within power pools. Program input and output are shown for the application of the program to a sample system.


The distinction between persuasion and conviction has often been used to disqualify the passions stirred up by ancient eloquence, which would have led popular assemblies to fall upon the spell of demagogues. On the contrary, according to Condorcet and Perelman, the publicity of parliamentary debates among elected representatives would guarantee the triumph of arguments weighted in fine by the "cold and severe" judgement of citizens elevated to the rank of "universal audience". Between the public space of Enlightenment and the propaganda of mass democracies, as described by Habermas, the French Revolution gave voice to mixed forms of rhetoric that challenged the traditional categories of persuasion and conviction, deliberative and epideictic, giving room to strategic uses of publicity, with which Condorcet and Barere won the assent of the Legislative and of the Convention.


Abstract The following paper illustrates that the MARC format offers an excellent means of controlling ephemera in the online environment. The examination begins with an overview of the MARC format and the structure of the bibliographic MARC record. The introductory analysis is followed by a discussion of the MARC-AMC and the MARC-VM formats, subject control and subject analysis methodologies, and specific MARC field options for the subject control of ephemera in the online environment.


National Intelligence is the average intelligence in a country or region.Richard Lynn and Tatu Vanhanen surveyed almost 200 countries in the world,and reported the national intelligence differences in the world.They found that the national IQs correlated highly and positively with national economics,cultural,politics,and national health.They also proposed a two-stage causal model to account for these phenomena.


In this paper, we have used a biological method of the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles,using supernatant (culture liquid)of bacterium Actinomyces spp.NSX-333,,isolated from Azerbaijani soil.The culture liquid has been obtained by culturing the bacterium at 28 ° C for 5-6 days. It was showed that during the incubation of the culture liquid with AgNO3 solution, a restoration of silver ions takes place and stable silver nanoparticlesare formed. Initially, the nanoparticle formation process was visually observed by a color change of the incubation solution.The nanoparticles have characterized using a UV spectrophotometer, anenergy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDXS) and a scanning electron microscope (SEM).UV spectrophotometric analysis of nanoparticlesshowed the presence of absorption in the range of 410 nm, which is characteristic of silver nanoparticles. EDXS spectrum showed a peak corresponding to the silver nanoparticles. Obtained silver nanoparticles had a spherical shape and size in the range of 20 to 130 nm. Clusters of nanoparticles were also observed.


The mean annual precipitation of Shanxi Province is 524 mm,the mean annual amount of water resources of this province is 123.8×108 m3.Developing water-saving agriculture is the inevitable selection.This paper introduces the conception,the measure of water-saving agriculture,the present status of development and existing problem,and looks forward to the prospects.


The research entitled ''Composition of shrubs vegetation in Two (2) Land Use types at the Pangalasiang Village, Donggala Regency of Central Sulawesi'' was conducted from April to October  2015. The aim was to know the composition of shrubs vegetation in two land use types at Pangalasiang Village, Donggala Regency of Central Sulawesi. The types of this research is exploratory survey research by using the establishment of a single plot (50 × 50 m) followed by subplot (5 × 5 m) were placed on regular basis (systematic). The result of this research showed that there were fiveteen (15) species of shrubs plant in the ex ore mining land and twenty three (23) species in natural forest. In the ex ore mining land, the highest (INP) 36,15% refers to Stachytarpheta jamaicensis (L) Vahl. (Verbenaceae) and the highest (INP) 21,02% in natural forest was belong to Ageratum conyzoides L. (Asteraceae). The similarity index between two land use types was 82,92%.


This article tries to explain the leadership pattern of SMPIT  Ar-Raihan Bandar Lampung Headmaster in an effort to advance the school which is located in the middle of Bandar Lampung City. Data collection was through observation, interview and documentation, subsequently, the data was processed and analyzed qualitatively. The findings showed that in the aspect of ability to encourage teachers, the school principal was less optimal because there were still teachers who did not observe the provisions and rules directed by him, either verbally in teacher meetings or posters posted in the school surroundings. On the aspects of exemplary in motivating teachers has been seen in his daily life at school which is reflected as a friendly headmaster but still disciplined. However, the weakness of the headmaster was depicted on giving influence to the teachers in the term of presenting rewards to the disciplined teachers as well as weak control and sanctions for less discipline teachers. In the aspect of ability to create self-confidence to teachers was still not optimal which can be seen from the lack of competitiveness of teachers outside of the school both in the aspects of hard skills and soft skills.


Electric vehicles (EVs) are one of the key technolgies for a sustainable mobility, reducing fuel consumption and traffic related emissions. Until today the energy density of the traction battery is low compared to fossil fuels, resulting in a limited range of EVs. Therefore, an optimization of the overall energy consumption of an electric vehicle is crucial. This paper proposes an optimized velocity planning methodology able to find the best trajectory with minimal energy consumption for a desired driving route. To perform this optimization a simplified vehicle model and dynamic programming algorithm is implemented. A prescribed driving route is divided into equidistant steps and a range of acceptable speed is defined. The algorithm determines the optimal speed for each step, minimising an optimal control criterion regarding energy-consumption under constrains on the battery state and travelling time.


BACKGROUND
Osteoporotic fractures, including clinically detected vertebral fractures, are associated with increased mortality. However, only one third of vertebral fractures are diagnosed. It is unknown whether vertebral fractures, whether clinically apparent or not, are associated with greater mortality.

OBJECTIVES
To test the hypothesis that women with prevalent vertebral fractures have greater mortality than those without fractures and to describe causes of death associated with vertebral fractures.

DESIGN
Prospective cohort study with mean follow-up of 8.3 years.

SETTING
Four clinical centers in the United States.

PARTICIPANTS
A total of 9575 women aged 65 years or older and enrolled in the Study of Osteoporotic Fractures.

MEASUREMENTS
Vertebral fractures by radiographic morphometry; calcaneal bone mineral density; demographic, medical history, and lifestyle variables; blood pressure; and anthropometric measures. In a subset of 606 participants, thoracic curvature was measured during a second clinic visit.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Hazard ratios for mortality and cause-specific mortality.

RESULTS
At baseline, 1915 women (20.0%) were diagnosed as having vertebral fractures. Compared with women who did not have a vertebral fracture, women with 1 or more fractures had a 1.23-fold greater age-adjusted mortality rate (95% confidence interval, 1.10-1.37). Mortality rose with greater numbers of vertebral fractures, from 19 per 1000 woman-years in women with no fractures to 44 per 1000 woman-years in those with 5 or more fractures (P for trend, <.001). In particular, vertebral fractures were related to the risk of subsequent cancer (hazard ratio, 1.4;95% confidence interval, 1.1-1.7) and pulmonary death (hazard ratio, 2.1;95% confidence interval, 1.4-3.0). In the subset of women who underwent thoracic curvature measurements, severe kyphosis was also related to pulmonary deaths (hazard ratio, 2.6;95% confidence interval, 1.3-5.1).

CONCLUSION
Women with radiographic evidence of vertebral fractures have an increased mortality rate, particularly from pulmonary disease and cancer.


The study intends to assess the level of marketing mix strategies (people, product, place, physical evidence, price, promotion, and process) and the level of customer satisfaction of resorts in Mati. This study also aimed to look into the utilization and importance of the marketing mix strategies and their effectiveness in customer satisfaction. A non-exploratory plan was utilized for the study using elucidating overview strategy procedure. This study used an online survey through google forms to disseminate the survey questionnaire to the 500 beachgoers who visited the resorts of Mati City, Philippines. The study's findings revealed an overall mean score of 3.91 with a standard deviation of 0.560. This means that the marketing mix strategies of resorts in Mati City are high. On the other hand, the customer satisfaction of resorts in Mati has an overall mean score of 4.30 with a standard deviation of 0.649, which is very high. This means that both marketing mix strategies and customer satisfaction are completely correlated and have a significant relationship. The results above have marketing implications for resort management. Sustaining satisfaction among resort customers means that they could provide the need and wants for a beach experience and stay in the aspects. This will like the result in sustainable resort management if they continue to meet the customers' expectations (marketing) and experience (product & service mix).


The early twentieth century was known as a period of changing, when the manner and style of the society changed in many cases. In the middle of the changing, some chance gave to the society, like the possibility to be accepted in the education system, having friends from the different ethnicities, and getting work in any job. Beside, the changing era gave a wider chance to the society to have a new life style which difference before, that era gave a society to have some possibility, like have a new appearance, watching night performance, fill up the time zone, recreation in the holiday, joint to the advertising industry, having hobbies to cares the animals, using cosmetic from fabricant, and enjoy to new kind of various food. Finally, it interested to discuss how Javanese family build women child in the middle of the changing, especially to the Javanese family that live in Semarang, who geographily and culturally was not in the center of Javanese culture like Surakarta and Yogyakarta. Women child become important to this paper because from the various source prove us that there are a different pattern to care for a children between women and man. It also, there were a different chance to the women and man, both in the privet and public sphere. Because of the importance of this theme to be discussed, this research use historical method to attend the fact, with using some source, like news papers, magazines, books, artides, archives, decision from the social politicalorganizations, direction ofthe roles that publish or related to the Javanese society in Semarang in the early twentieth century. Then, all of that source compared to the record of audio-visual (photograph and film),and some information from the interviewer.


Strand debonding is a common approach used to reduce cracking at the ends of pre-tensioned concrete beams. While the method has been successful to some extent, end cracking of pre-tensioned beam ends continues to be a problem. Experimental and numerical approaches were conducted in this study in order to achieve a further understanding of strand debonding. Twenty-four small-scale prestressed concrete beam units were tested and used for the calibration of nonlinear finite element models simulating concrete-strand bond behavior, while three models of AASHTO box girders were established to investigate an incident of end cracking encountered in the manufacturing of a bridge girder. The numerical simulations were in good agreement with the experiment data and damage evidence on prestressed girders production indicating that the lack of bonding will maximize the dilation of strand after release in the debonded region and that such dilation may cause concrete damage in the debonded region if there is tight contact between concrete and strand. It was also found that such problem will be eliminated if enough room is provided for the strand dilation. Thus, the use of "rigid" or oversized debonding material is recommended for strand debonding practice.


Amid aqua solutions structure-sensitive properties were studied with tie help of densimetry, viscosimetry, refractometry and IR-spectroscopy. In diluted solution formamide breaks water H-net while dimethylformamide molecules insert into water structure. In middle concentration solutions of both amides breaks water H-net. In concentrated solution while organic component quantity decrease dimethylformamide structure destroyed more slowly then formamide structure.


The development trend on the design of the broascast and television network in the new time are introduced by this paper.It is include the 1550nm metropolitan area network,EPON + EOC,after the optical receiver coaxial passive distributive network etc,The paper also gives the some the viewpoints on the how build a low cost and high quality of broadcst and television broadband integrated service network in the new time.


The thesis discusses the impact of nonverbal communication on understanding the content of communication. Theoretically, the theme is anchored in social perception and communication, mainly in its nonverbal component. An effort is presented here to discover and review a different impact of nonverbal expression in men and women, parents and childless. Research of the given issue was made by describing the situations in viewed video scenes. They are situated in everyday life and everyday situations. Used scenes are of three types. In first part, there is contradiction between the verbal and nonverbal communication of actors. The second part contains scenes without audio track, therefore the verbal and paraverbal component of communication was removed. The third group of videos is exempted from Finnish unknown film, thereby eliminating the speech.


Neutropenic
enterocolitis (NE) or typhlitis is a serious complication of anticancer
therapy, especially in he- matological malignancies. We describe a case of
acute lymphoid leukemia presenting the early onset of a syndrome with the
clinical features and specific radiological findings of NE during the
neutropenic phase.


Elevation and latitude are primary determinant of local climate conditions. As climate change progresses, high elevation and high latitude locations in Alberta are more likely to have suitable climate conditions to allow persistence of forest environments. We conducted a detailed bird and local climate survey across Alberta to determine how birds react to variation in elevation and latitude with the goal of better understanding how bird communities might change with future climate shifts. We found more southerly latitudes and lower elevations currently support more species of birds. The latitudinal – richness response was driven primarily by invasion of lower-latitude species adapted to open grassland, agricultural, and urban environments. In contrast, there was no evidence that changes in richness with elevation were driven by invasion by open habitat species at lower elevations. These data demonstrate the complexities of understanding topographic – climate controls on species distribution and highlight the need for enhanced monitoring of Alberta's hill systems. As climate change progresses, Alberta's hills systems will become increasingly important for conserving biodiversity associated with Alberta's forests.


The concept of polarity for canonical sum-of-products (SOP) Boolean functions is introduced. This facilitates efficient conversion between SOP and fixed polarity Reed-Muller (FPRM) forms. New algorithms are presented for the bidirectional conversion between the two paradigms. Multiple segment and multiple pointer techniques are employed to achieve fast conversion for large Boolean functions. Experimental results are given using a personal computer with a Cyrix 6x86-166 CPU and 32MB RAM. The results show that the algorithm is very efficient in terms of time and space for large Boolean functions.


A magnetoplated wire (MPW) is a copper wire whose circumference is plated with a magnetic thin film. The effects of using an MPW are a decrease in the proximity effect, an increase in inductance, and generation of more flux than when copper wire is used. The ratio of the linearity range Lo to the outer coil diameter D of the eddy current displacement sensor is extended by using MPW for the coil. However, the relationship between the Fe film thickness of MPWs and the linearity range characteristic has not been clarified. We measured the output voltage characteristics of MPW coils with Fe film thicknesses of 0.7 μm, 1 μm, and 1.1 μm, and calculated Lo/D ratios. As a result, we found that the Lo/D ratio of an MPW coil with a 1-μm-thick Fe film had a maximum value of 0.66.


The performance of chemically amplified resist is approaching its physical limit with the reduction of feature sizes due to the acid diffusion needed for the solubility change of resist polymer. The line edge roughness (LER) of chemically amplified resists rapidly increases in the sub-10-nm-half-pitch region when the half-pitch is decreased. Also, the stochastic defect (pinching and bridges) generation is a significant concern for the high resolution patterning with high throughput. To solve these problems, the increase of the density of resist films is an important strategy. Metal oxide nanoparticle resists have attracted much attention as the next generation resist used for the high-volume production of semiconductor devices because of their high density property. However, the sensitization mechanism of the metal oxide nanoparticle resists is unknown. Understanding the sensitization mechanism is important for the efficient development of resist materials. In this study, the sensitization mechanism of ZrO2 nanoparticle resist was investigated. The numbers of electron-hole pairs required for the solubility change of the resist films were estimated for a ZrO2 nanoparticle and a ligand shell, respectively. The radiation chemistry of ligands was investigated using a pulse radiolysis method. The pulse radiolysis is a powerful method to directly observe the kinetics of short-lived intermediate produced by an ionizing radiation. In the material design of metal oxide nanoparticle resists, it is important to efficiently use the electron-hole pairs generated in nanoparticles for the chemical change of ligand molecules.

Acknowledgement
This work was partially supported by Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI) and the New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO).


A methodology ie presented for rating the performance of mixed, split residential air conditioners. The method accounts for the impact on system performance of the indoor evaporator, expansion device and fan; three major components that are likely to be substituted for the matched components in a mixed system. The method allows calculation of capacity at 95'F rating point and seasonal energy efficiency ratio, SEER, without performing laboratory test of the complete system. Limitations of the procedure, present work, and anticipated improvements are also discussed.


The frequency and coverage of 67 bryophytes in the evergreen broadleaved forests of Baishanzu Natural Reserve are calculated.by means of the point quarter method of plotless sampling technique.Bazzania tridens, Thuidium glaucinum, Lejeunea parva, Frullania moniliata, Plagiochila semidecurrens and Brotherella ery throcaulis are dominant in the forests.Most of bryophytic communities of different species co-exist in one mat, whereas the ones consisted of only one species are rather rare in the forests.Authors think it is related to richness of bryoflora of East China and diversity of microhabitats in the mid-subtropical evergreen broadleaved forests.


A MODULAR BLOCKS THAT WALL includes MODULAR WALL BLOCKS unreinforced, MOLDEADOS DRY (40,80,116,340,480,55) having stabilizing elements ANCHOR TYPE LANDS OR TYPE FRICTIONAL O typeset (42,44,280,300,302,312,324,506) EMBEDDED IN THEM AND TRAILERS thereto by VERTICALES bars (46) which also connect blocks together. Stabilizers LANDS ELEMENTS ARE PLACED IN A FEW counterbores or slots (62,64,100,554,555) IS IN BLOCKS and project ENTERING THE FIELD COMPACTO behind strakes MODULAR WALL BLOCKS.


In this paper, we propose a power of R (POR) technique to significantly improve the performance of the minimum output energy (MOE) receiver. The new receiver is shown to asymptotically converge to the MMSE receiver. The convergence is established either under high SNR, or with large exponent raised in the power of the covariance matrix. Connection between the POR method and a subspace method is investigated, and their asymptotic equivalence is also established. However, the POR receiver does not require either a computationally expensive subspace decomposition of a data covariance matrix, or estimation of dimension of either the signal subspace or the noise subspace.


In this paper,following the principles of extenics and considering the index on theaspeets of economics,operation and customer service,we designed the performance evaluation index system of food cold chain logistics enterprises and established the performance evaluation model based on matter-element,which could identify the level of an enterprise in the wholefood cold chain logistics industry concerning performance.A subsequent numerical example showed that this method could effectively combine qualitative and quantitative analysis and(he model was simple and standard in structure.


In Boff's view, the Christian God, the God of life, is always the Trinity of Persons: the fellowship of the Father, Son and Holy Spirit. The concept of perichoresis is intrinsically related to the biblical concepts of fellowship, love and life, since the dynamic interpenetration between the Persons of the Trinity is the result of the love and life that constitute the essence of the Trinity. The Trinity is viewed as a model and inspiration for the organization of society and the struggles for justice and human life. In contrast with Leonardo Boff, in Martin Luther's view the love of the triune God is revealed in the powerlessness and hiddenness of the Crucified. Jesus of Nazareth's death on the cross was truly the death of God. God takes on the form of a servant, but does not cease to be God and Lord. It is rather in God's condescendence, when God goes out of Godself and dwells amonghumans, that we find the demonstration of God's love.


This paper gives a short account of and evaluates a PPM-AM modulation time-division multi-channel telemetry system. With this system it is possible to simultaneously measure seven channels of vibration signals (strain and frequency data) and investigate the phase and strain relationship between the component parts in the blade-disk system coupled vibrations. A description is given of the seven-channel FM modulation time-division multiplex telemetry system for the acquisition of turbine disk static stress field and temperature field data and the operating technique of thermistors and high-temperature strain gauges.Copyright © 1981 by ASME


Thirty cows gained access to a heap of discarded seed of chou moellier that had been stored in a barn for 10 years. Within 24 h 2 cows were dead and one was acutely ill. The outstanding lesion was oedema of the wall of the rumen. The toxicity was attributed to damage to blood vessels in the rumen wall resulting in marked loss of fluid.


Through the test of sediment load flow,the longitudinal time average velocity horizontal and vertical distribution,the instantaneous velocity distribution,the turbulence intensity distribution are studied;and the impaction of ratio of width to depth of riverbed cross-section on Zhang Ruijin formula is analyzed.The main conclusions are as follows: with the decreasing of ratio of width to depth of the riverbed cross-section,the ratio of the central quasi-two-dimension flow decrease;the longitudinal time average velocity vertical distribution conforms to the logarithmic formula;with the increasing of the critical sediment concentration,the Kaman constant k decrease;the instantaneous velocity distribution conforms to the normal distribution;with the decreasing of the relative water depth,the turbulence intensity firstly increases then decreases;with the decreasing of the ratio of width to depth of the riverbed cross-section the coefficient in the Zhang Ruijin formula increases and the power index of discharge decreases.


This study investigated the behavioural and subjective effects of parameter modifications to simulated EGMs under laboratory conditions. Three studies, each with 24 regular gamblers, were conducted to investigate the effects of orthogonal variations in two machine characteristics. Modifications included variations in play-speed, sound, illumination levels, the form of outcomes, and the availability of line and betting options. Players were provided with initial exposure to all four machines in each condition and then were free to choose their preferred machine for the remainder of the 30-minute session. Player preferences were gauged using self-report measures and objective measures including the relative amount of time spent, number of plays and return to player on each machine. The results showed that players' subjective preferences were most strongly influenced by play-speed, the number of lines available and sound. Specifically, players tended to prefer machines that were faster, provided more betting lines and sound. Behavioural analysis indicated that a greater number of lines, faster play speed and lower illumination increased either the number of plays or time spent on each machine. The implications of these findings for harm minimization and machine modification are discussed.


Introduction: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a progressive neurological disease that affects sensory motor, cognitive perceptual and psychosocial abilities and can influence most performance areas. Occupational therapy sees leisure time and related activities among the most important parts of human life. This qualitative research was performed to describe the attitudes and experiences of people with MS in Ahvaz, Iran about leisure time activities. Method: This descriptive phenomenological study used purposeful sampling to select subjects from members of MS Association of Khuzestan province and occupational and physiotherapy clinics in Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences (2011). Data saturation was achieved with 11 interviews. The study involved secondary analysis of in-depth transcribed semi-structured interview data, using Colaizzi's method. Results: Nine preliminary structural elements (subthemes) and 4 essential structural elements (themes) emerged from the analysis of the subthemes in one main domain of attitude and experience of people with MS about leisure time activities. The participants categorized the effects of leisure on human performance into 2 subthemes (physical and mental performance) resulting in one theme (importance and aim of leisure). Besides, based on their ways of passing leisure time (individual style and group style) 3 subthemes and thus one theme (style of spending leisure) were extracted. In addition, 3 subthemes were mentioned for barriers (individual, social, and environmental barriers) that resulted in "leisure obstacles" as a theme. Finally, 2 subthemes were suggested for improving leisure time (personal and social role to leisure improvement) that demonstrated a theme (leisure suggestions). Conclusion: The findings showed that leisure activities are also affected as a result of various physical and mental performance limitations in people with MS. Experiences of participants in this study expressed the importance of leisure from different aspects. Moreover, although these people spend their leisure time in individual or group activities, they face several obstacles including personal, social, and environmental barriers. In order to improve the quality of leisure for MS patients, more attention needs to be paid to the role of the individual as well as the community. Citation 1(1): 15-26.


Introduction Hydrogen was "discovered" many times by early chemists, who reported observing flammable gas while conducting their experiments. For instance, in 1671, Robert Boyle (English chemist16271691) described an experiment where adding Iron to hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid gave off "pale blue flame". The problem with early chemists' inability to formally discover hydrogen was that they did not comprehend the nature of gases very well; back then they believed all gasses were air with impurities . It wasn't until 1766 when the "father of modern chemistry", Antoine-Laurent Lavoisier formally discovered hydrogen, Greek word for "Water former".


Rare earth ions doped long persistent film precursor was fabricated by radio frequency magnetron sputtering. The precursor was annealing the films in weak reducing atmosphere under 800℃,900℃,1000℃and 1100℃, respectively.Then,the long persistent films were obtained.The structure of the films varied by the annealing temperature, and the photoluminescence of films were studied.


Neonatal physical therapy is an advanced practice, subspecialty area within pediatric physical therapy. Because of the structural, physiological, and behavioral vulnerabilities of neonates, pediatric physical therapists need postprofessional precepted training and experience before providing neonata


Secondary tracheo-oesophageal puncture following laryngectomy, as described by Singer and Blom, has a proven track record in providing voice rehabilitation. This technique has since been modified; the use of an endotracheal tube has been described previously by Maniglia and Cannon. The advantages of this technique are that it is useful in technically difficult patients, it allows direct visualisation of the oesophageal lumen during puncture and stenting of the distal oesophagus is possible. The equipment is readily available, and compared with a gastroscope, the flexible nasendoscope has a narrower diameter and is therefore easier to pass in a narrow oesophagus.


The opinion related to the current practice of lightning protection of substations in China is presented: (1) The practices of lightning protection of substations in East and West countries are different in some aspects because of the difference of their protection concepts; (2) Lightning protection of substations is a systematic project, consisting of three sub-systems, i.e., three defense lines. They form an integrity of protective system of substations against lightning. Close relationship exists among these defense lines. These lines each having its own function, influence each other, and cannot work properly without others' presence. Therefore, each of them cannot be replaced by other(s). It is not correct to isolate and separate these lines from each other; (3) The consequence of damage of transformer windings, no matter on which side, is equal. Therefore, the reliability of lightning protection shall be in conformity for all windings. The surge arresters protecting the windings shall be selected in equal nominal current class; (4) The steepness and amplitude of the surge impinging from overhead lines shall be selected depending on importance of the protected objects, rather than "all cut", to obtain optimal economic benefit.


Technological innovation is used by many companies as a means of sustaining their competitive advantage. The environments in which this innovation occurs is usually uncertain, therefore, many companies perform technological forecasting in association with their technological innovation processes. While many researchers have studied the innovation process and many more forecasting methods, there is little research connecting the two within the strategic context of the firm. To do this, a model of the forecasting process is needed. The purpose of this paper is to present a model based on a literature review. Previous models which formed the basis for the proposed model will be discussed followed by an explanation of the model and conclusion. Finally, a case study is presented to observe and test the proposed model.


The main focus of the multidisciplinary nature of design is to provide users a better life in terms of enabling the products to be safe, usable and pleasurable to use. Therefore, physical pain is always avoided. However, physical pain is involved in our daily lives, not only as an avoided concept, but also as a constructive concept. It is used for functional or hedonic purposes; whether consciously or not. The focus in this research is exploring these 'used' pains, and their relations to product design; in other words, how products are (or how they may be) used or manipulated to use pain instead of avoiding it. Eventually, the aim is to map the pain experience as a constructive element of experience and to come up with a statement for the usage of physical pain in product design as a beneficial tool, instead of just being a tool for pleasure as it has been used in product design till now. In order to explore the pain experience with products, a contexmapping study and a focus group study have been done. The phenomena of 'good, transitional and bad pain' were introduced. Following this, pain experience with products model was proposed utilizing the results of the studies and for the exploration of the implementation of the model in practicum, a generative session study to obtain initial design ideas was done.


guidelines for family support and intensive care unit brochures that explain the intensive care unit experience (http://www.myicucare.org/Support_ Brochures/Pages/default.aspx). The Patient and Family Support Committee would do well to take on the task of providing the kind of educational information for patients and families that are needed as part of systematic disclosure of rationing. Marion Danis, MD Department of Bioethics National Institutes of Health Clinical Center Bethesda, MD


The purpose of the study was to find out how the study habits of outstanding students at school, at home and the differences in study habits of outstanding students at SD Negeri 013 Muara Jalai were. This research uses case study qualitative research. The research subjects were high achieving students in grades IV and V of SD Negeri 013 Muara Jalai, class teachers, principals, parents of high achieving students and the neighborhood of high achieving students. Data collection techniques are observation, interviews, documentation and field notes. The main instrument is the researcher using tools in the form of observation guidelines, interviews, documentation and field notes. Data analysis using the Miles and Huberman model. The technique of checking the validity of the data is by using triangulation techniques. The results of the study showed that the learning habits of students excel in the school environment. Students attend class on time, students follow lessons by paying attention, listening, taking notes, asking questions, concentration and discipline in learning. While the study habits of students excel at home. Outstanding students have a schedule of study hours, during the learning process students are always guided and accompanied by their parents, students always prepare their study needs at night and always leave in the morning. The difference in the study habits of high achieving students is when they study at home, namely during study hours


The authors present the results of studying migration processes as one of the factors that determine the transformation of the regional social space. Applying migration indicators to assessing prospective spatial changes presupposes a multivariate analysis of developing complex heterogeneous systems. The version of applying problem-oriented visualization tools presented by the authors significantly expands the possibilities of such an analysis. Assessment, systematization and subsequent classification of migration characteristics are considered within the framework of a multi-stage graphical digital analysis procedure. The problems of migration dynamics characterize a number of problems of the incipient deformation of social space. The main provisions and results of the study are presented as exemplified by the five largest urban areas of the Chelyabinsk region. The key contradictions generated by the processes of regional migration are presented for various urban areas of one of the leading industrial regions of the Urals. These are contradictions: dynamics of population inflow — outflow; the ratio of the balance of migration and migration flows, etc. The results of the study make it possible to proceed to more complex models of spatial reconstruction and sustainable development of territories. Considering such models lays the groundwork for passing on to a controlled transformation in the spatial development of territories and reducing the signs of social space deformation.


In some languages, verb serialization is productive. Others have just a few kinds of serial verbs. Limited verb serialization can be restricted to just a few directional verbs. Serial verbs need to be kept separate from clause sequences and multi-verb constructions of other kinds including coordinate and subordinate constructions and multi-verb constructions involving converbs and participles. Depending on their form, serial verbs may show similarities with other verb-verb combinations. Those which consist of several grammatical words need to be distinguished from other multi-word verb sequences—including coordinated clauses and clause chains. Monoclausal verb-verb sequences which may share some semantic similarities with serial verbs include constructions with auxiliary verbs and dependent verb forms (including converbs). Single-word serial verbs need to be distinguished from unproductive and lexically restricted verbal compounds. Productive serial verbs will have no restrictions on the mood, modality, and polarity, unlike quasi-serial verbs such as American English go eat.


Objective To explore the expression of P- selectin and the distribution of dendritic cells( DCs) in rat kidney with unilateral ureteral obstruction, as well as the preventive effect of anti-P-selectin lectin-EGF domain monoclonal antibody ( PsL-EGFmAb). Methods Rat models of unilateral ureteral obstruction were established, which were divided into sham group( n =6 ) , untreated group( n = 18 ) and treated group with PsL-EGFmAb( n = 18) . DCs were analyzed with axioplan 2 microscopy, while P-selectin was analysed by immunohistochemistry LSAB, the alter of renal pathology was observed at the same time. Results P-selectin was presented in renal tubular epithelial cell after unilateral ureteral obstruction on day 1 , and CD1a+ CD80 + DC was also found in renal interstitium; P-selectin and DCS presented was increased evidently on the 3rd day; The expression of P-selectin was decreased, but the accumulation of DCs were the most in renal interstitium on the 7" day. These changes became less conspicuous in rat kidney treated with PsL-EGFmAb. Conclusion DCs immigration and accumulation may play an important role in early tu-bulointerstitial lesions. PsL-EGFmAb has anti-adhesive effect on it.


This study aims to investigate how students search and process the information found on the Internet to meet the needs of their academic tasks as well as how they view such information compared to printed materials. The study was conducted targeting the student teachers at Primary School Teacher Education (PGMI) Program and Kindergarten Teacher Education Program (PGRA) in State Islamic University Sunan Ampel Surabaya. Such information search and processing are then later viewed through the lens of Blooms' taxonomy. A qualitative method using the phenomenological approach is adopted in the study. Nine student participants of 1st, 2nd, 3rd-year classes were interviewed. The study indicates that the presence of the Internet as a source of learning has not shifted the role of the textbook as a primary source of information for the students while working on their academic assignments. It was revealed that the information search activities on the Internet have facilitated students to experience the four domains of the learning process in Bloom's Taxonomy.


The forecasting consists of taking historical data as inputs then using them to predict future observations, thus determining future trends. Demand prediction is a crucial component in the supply chain's process that allows each member to enhance its performance and its profit. Nevertheless, because of demand uncertainty supply chains usually suffer from many problems such as the bullwhip effect. As a solution to those logistics issues, this paper presents a comparative analysis of four time series demand forecasting models; namely, the autoregressive integrated moving Average (ARIMA) a statistical model, the multi-layer perceptron (MLP) a feedforward neural network, the long short-term memory model (LSTM) a recurrent neural network and the convolutional neural network (CNN or ConvNet) a deep learning model. The experimentations are carried out using a real-life dataset provided by a supermarket in Morocco. The results clearly show that the convolutional neural network gives slightly better forecasting results than the Long short-term memory network.


Background: Obesity is a worldwide concern. Physical activity is one way to address obesity. The environment surrounding individuals can impact activity choices. Design/Methods: Multiple, description, explanatory case study design, multiple-methods (focus groups, individual interviews, archival data collection, sidewalk maintenance evaluation) Findings: Women participants perceived community economic resources as an influencing factor for availability, development, and maintenance of rural built environments conducive to physical activity. These women participants also identified women speaking out and "being heard" as influencing availability and maintenance of built environments, and advancing age with reduced physical ability influenced the maintenance of resident-owned rural built environments. Conclusions: There are many policy indications for local nurses advocating for rural populations including the consideration of built environment as a factor in health promotion and treatment (diabetes, obesity).


Oxygen is indispensable for a hospital, therefore oxygen concentrator a oxygen source needs to be maintained and operated judiciously. But at the same time one should explore the alternative sources for further cost effectiveness. This study was conducted with an objective to compare cost effectiveness/saving among market supply, in house oxygen concentrator (20-year old partially out-sourced equipment) and liquid oxygen purchased at SGPGIMS, Lucknow, India in April 2012. Situational analysis of concentrator done in 2010 revealed that strength and weakness are almost equal and there were least chances to increase the strength and minimize the weaknesses & threats as the equipment being 20 years old. The cost of oxygen procurement from concentrator (Rs.14.50-15.75/M3) was less than the cost of oxygen procured from market (Rs.17.00-20.70/M3), and the institute was in position to save Rs.9.11 million over the period of 10 years (March 2000 to March 2010). In view of prolong utilization, increase in demand and possibility of further cost-effectiveness/saving, an alternative source in the form of liquid oxygen supply was also explored and implemented (@ Rs. 12.47/M3) from 08 June 2011 on trial basis and the institute saved Rs. 23 lacs (Rs. 2.3 million) between June 2011-March 2012 by using liquid oxygen. Following situational analysis in 2012, a final decision to continue with liquid oxygen only and withdrawing the purchase of oxygen from concentrator and market was taken.


In this paper, an Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) metaheuristic is adapted to find Pareto optimal solutions set for Goal Programming (GP) Problems. At first, the GP model is converted to a multi-objective optimization problem (MOO) of minimizing deviations from fixed goals. At second, the ABC is personalized to support the MOO by means of a weighted sum formulation for the objective function: solving several scalarization of the objective function according to a weight vector with non-negative components. The efficiency of the proposed approach is demonstrated by nonlinear engineering design problems. In all problems, multiple solutions to the goal programming problem are found in short computational time using very few user-defined parameters.


In the cloud service situation, the planning, as well as also details, is shifting into the cloud, leading to the lack of trust between clients as well as additionally cloud business. Possessing claimed that the present research on Cloud computing is mainly concentrated on the service side. At the same time, the data securities, as well as trust, have undoubtedly not been adequately looked into yet. This paper checks out into the information security issues from the info life cycle, which includes five steps when a firm makes use of Cloud computing. An info management framework is given out, featuring certainly not merely the data classification having said that also the hazard administration framework.


During the Covid-19 pandemic, madrasahs of rural areas in Bangladesh are unable to conduct regular curricular activities in person. Despite government encouragement very few institutions have introduced online classes; madrasahs of rural areas have faced challenges to introduce online classes due to the lack of technological facilities and their uses. However, if the parents are not ready to accept ICT to use in educational purpose, they will not be interested in enrolling their children in those Madrasahs which have encouraged online education. This study aims to measure the factors behind the enrollment readiness among the parents of madrasah going children to Maizbhandar Ahmadiyya Emdadia Madrasah in Chattogram district of Bangladesh. In line with the quantitative approach, researchers developed an close-ended questionnaire based on four variables of the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), namely, Perceived Usefulness (PU), Perceived Ease-of-Use (PEOU), Intention to Use (IU) and Usage Behavior (UV). Therefore, the findings of this research will show how enrollment in rural areas can be increased to facilitate ICT-enriched classrooms. In addition, the findings will lead the researchers and policy makers to investigate the technological acceptance of the teachers and students of rural madrasahs for the advancement of the madrasah education system.


Using the new principle of nitrogen oxidation by hydroperoxide has helped in discovering a new method of nitrogen fixation, mainly shaped as N2O, other oxides with low admixtures or nitrogen-containing acids under conditions, which are relatively soft for such reaction type. Gas-phase oxidation of nitrogen with hydrogen peroxide is rather complicated and consists of primary nitrous oxide formation. When nitrous oxide with the reaction mixture is yielded by the reaction (high-temperature) zone, it enters secondary reactions with other reagents in the mixture and, on rapid cooling, forms H2N2O2 and other nitrous acids.


2D-IR spectroscopy is used to quantify gold nanoparticle IR surface enhancement. Changes in 2D lineshapes and the appearance of surface group cross peaks demonstrate that 2D-IR offers a unique sensitivity to nanoparticle cappant structure/dynamics.