Code-mixing (CM) refers to the mixing of various linguistic units (morphemes, words, modifiers, phrases, clauses and sentences) primarily from two or more participating grammatical systems within a sentence [10]. The development of CM NLP systems has significantly gained importance in recent times due to an upsurge in the usage of CM data by multilingual speakers. However, this proves to be a challenging task due to the complexities created by the presence of multiple languages together. The complexities get further compounded by the inconsistencies present in the raw data on social media and other platforms. In this thesis, we explore methods to efficiently parse the immensely popular Bengali-English CM which is widely spoken in India and Bangladesh. We present a neural stack-based dependency parser for CM data of Bengali-English by utilizing pre-existing resources for closely related Hindi-English CM as well as monolingual treebanks for Bengali, Hindi, and English. To address the issue of scarcity of annotated resources for the Bengali-English CM pair, we present a rule-based system to computationally generate synthetic CM dataset from parallel treebanks of Bengali and English. The generated synthetic CM data does not require an overhead of preprocessing for language identification and normalization as we get orthographic norms from standard corpora. Next, we project automatic annotations from Bengali and Hindi-English treebanks to Bengali-English using simple heuristics creating a synthetic CM treebank for Bengali-English (Syn-BE). Incorporating Syn-BE into our neural stacking parser further improves its performance. Our final model achieves an accuracy of 89.63% for POS tagging and 76.24% UAS and 61.41% LAS points for dependency parsing. This model improves parsing results by 1.37% LAS points when compared with a stacking model utilizing pre-existing Hindi-English and other monolingual resources. We also present a dataset of 500 Bengali-English tweets annotated under Universal Dependencies scheme which can be utilized for evaluation of the system as well as providing seed training data.


"Breakthrough" of psychosis despite good compliance of antipsychotics medication for a long time is a major obstacle to the treatment of schizophrenia, whether the mechanism is caused by dopamine hypersensitivity or insufficient dose of antipsychotics. Researchers advocating "Dopamine Supersensitivity Psychosis" (DSP) emphasize to avoid excessive inhibition of dopamine 2 receptors from the beginning of treatment. On the other hand, researchers advocating "Breakthrough psychosis on Antipsychotic Maintenance Medication" (BAMM) in which psychosis recurs due to insufficient medication despite continuous administration of antipsychotics without non-adherence argue that dose of antipsychotics should be increased to enhance therapeutic effect. In patients using long-acting antipsychotics injection (LAI), non-compliance can be ruled out. We believe that in treating non-affective psychosis, it is necessary to continuously maintain the lowest dose possible using the optimal dose considering the side effects of second-generation antipsychotics and the cycle and stage of psychosis, and the optimal formulation such as LAI.


Methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)- b -poly(D,L-lactide- co -glycolide- co -e-caprolactone) (MPEG- b -PDLLGCL) amphiphilic diblock copolymers were synthesized and used as nanosphere matrices. The drug-loaded nanospheres were prepared by the modified-spontaneous emulsification diffusion method without any emulsifiers for controlled drug delivery of poorly water-soluble model drug, indomethacin. Effect of DLL/G/CL ratio on nanoparticle and drug release characteristics was evaluated. The resultant drug-loaded nanospheres with average size in range of 126 – 134 nm had spherical in shape and smooth in surface. The drug entrapped inside the nanospheres had amorphous state. Drug loading efficiency was not found to be influenced by the DLL/G/CL ratio. The drug release profiles exhibited biphasic with a fast release followed by a slow release. The amounts of drug release increased when the G and CL units were incorporated in the polyester blocks. This indicates that MPEG- b -PDLLGCL nanospheres might be useful candidate as sustained drug carriers for poorly water-soluble drugs.


While a newly isolated bacterium would usually, as a mat ter of bionomic routine, be tested soon for its power of fermentation of various carbohydrates, nothing systematic has been done in this direction with the group of organisms dassed as spirochetes. The lack of investigation along this line may be partly due to the technical difficulties which still surround the cultivation of these organisms, and probably also to the limited number of workers in the field. The present paper is a report of experiments which deal with the influence of starch and sugars upon pure cultures of various spirochetes. Attention has been directed to the fermentation phenomena as well as to the effect upon the growth and morphology of the organisms, since we are mindful of the fact that the addition of certain of these substances to some bacterial cultures may bring about almost incredible involution of forms t or sometimes induce spore formation in a bacterium which is otherwise not sporiferous.t.~, 3


The overall objective of this research was to design, develop, and investigate the performance of a renewable energy-based (solar-biomass) hybrid air heating system. The system consists of an unglazed transpired solar collector (UTC), a rock bed thermal storage, and a biomass gasifier stove with heat exchanger, to supply hot air at a required temperature and flow rate for a daily load fraction exceeding 90%. From a review of literature, an air heating system aimed at reducing the weather dependency and improving the temperature and flow rate stability without a conventional back-up heater was designed. Among the various types of solar collectors, thermal storage, biomass stoves, and heat exchangers that are generally used, specific designs were chosen and analyzed. Based on the analyses, individual components of the air heating system were designed and developed. The components were coupled, and detailed experimentation was carried out on the integrated system.


The asymmetric cross-coupling reaction of [CH3CH=CHCH2BF3]K with aryl or 1-alkenyl bromides selectively occurred at the γ-carbon of 2-butenylborane moiety with regioselectivities in a range of 84–9...


In this work we investigate the organic products of the synthesis of Co-based nanoparticles in benzyl alcohol. Our GC and in situ IR studies provide the experimental proofs for the formation of benzaldehyde, toluene and isopropanol in the reaction solution. These organic products can be correlated with formation of cobalt-based nanoparticles with oxidation state from 0 to 3+. These results shine the light on the complexity of organic and inorganic reactions in solution during crystallization of nanoparticles.


FUNCTIONAL BRAIN MAPPING AND ITS APPLICATIONS TO NEUROSURGERY Functional brain mapping techniques are used to define motor, sensory, language, and memory areas in neurosurgical patients with diverse pathologies. Pre-operative planning and intraoperative neurosurgical decision making can both be aided by functional brain mapping. In this paper, the authors provide a comprehensive review of functional brain mapping, from the gold standard studies such as direct electrical stimulation and recording, to newer, lessinvasive methodologies such as functional MRI. In the future, the coregistration of highresolution anatomic and physiologic data from multiple complementary sources will lead to ever more sophisticated data sets for planning neurosurgical procedures. [p. 185]


In the previous chapter, we discussed the flow and heat transfer characteristics in the presence of MHD free stream velocity. The assumption of steady flow in many physical situations is a serious compromise. Mostly in real situations, the flow behavior as well as the heat transfer rate vary with time, depending upon the associated engineering and industrial processes. This varying behavior of flow and heat rates affects the quality of the product. Considering this aspect, the unsteady flow behavior and heat transfer characteristics over a stretching surface have been discussed in several studies [34, 35, 36, 37]. In all of the above mentioned studies, the researchers confined their investigations to constant fluid properties. But, in many processes, the fluid properties vary significantly,


The field of invasive/interventional cardiology and the SCAI have made dramatic strides in assessing quality of care and developing tools for continuous quality improvement. For decades, we have demonstrated leadership in this area and have been gratified by the enthusiastic participation of cardiac catheterization laboratory teams in the United States and throughout the world. We have embraced data collection and analysis, practice guidelines [1], appropriate use criteria [2], and performance measures, and now we are taking leadership in public reporting of outcomes [3]. Although we all know of cardiologists' varying skills and expertise across regions and countries, these efforts have somewhat "leveled" expectations for quality. While many express concern that these efforts hamper the "individuality" of the practice of medicine, there is little doubt that raising the standard of care and demanding transparency are important for the future of healthcare. For various reasons, our efforts in quality have largely been focused on the diagnosis and treatment of coronary artery disease. While not neglected, vascular disease has been a secondary, perhaps tertiary, target for our quality improvement mission. The reasons for putting coronary disease first and vascular disease further down the list of priorities are numerous and pragmatic. However, the time has come to put the same effort into evaluating and improving the quality and outcomes of our vascular interventions as we have successfully invested in coronary interventions. Patients, policymakers, regulators, and payers expect quality in all aspects of healthcare. They have every reason–and every right–to expect that they will receive quality care across their health care continuum. Their expectations are not, nor should they be, different depending on whether their intervention is delivered in the limbs versus the heart or the neck, or by an interventional cardiologist, vascular surgeon, interventional radiologist, or neurosurgeon. Their perfectly reasonable expectations of competency and professionalism, Michael R. Jaff Ted A. Bass


The Q249R mutation(A746G) in bone morphogenetic protein receptor-ⅠB(BMPR-ⅠB) is associated with the high prolificacy of Booroola Merino sheep.In our previous study,we found that,in Small Tailed Han sheep population,a high proportion of ewes carry such mutation.The present study further analyzed the polymorphism,effect and linkage of BMPR-ⅠB gene in this breed.The results indicated that the genotype frequencies of BB,B+ and ++ were 0.541 8,0.364 5 and 0.093 7 respectively,and the allelic frequency of B was 0.724 1.The substitution effect and dominance effect of the B allele were estimated to be 0.46 and 0.16 for the first parity and 0.56 and 0.11 for the second parity,respectively.Moreover,the fully FecB-associated microsatellite marker OARJL36 was genotyped in the BB ewes of Small Tailed Han sheep.We found that,in Small Tailed Han sheep,recombination between BMPR-ⅠB gene and OARJL36 locus are still occurring.


Microsatellites or simple sequence repeats (SSRs),are simple tandemly repeated DNA sequence motif consisting of repeat units of 2~4 bp in length.Microsatellite loci have shown to be highly polymorphic due to variation in the number of repeat units between different varieties.Simple sequence length polymorphism (SSLP) can be detected with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) by selecting the conserved sequences flanking SSR as primers.SSR markers are ideally genetic markers because of their co-dominance,high levels of allelic diversity,ease of assay and high reliability.Microsatellites are very abundant and are evenly distributed throughout the rice genome.More than 2740 SSR markers have been developed in rice.SSR markers have been extensively applied in the construction of rice molecular linkage map,gene (QTL) mapping for important traits,pedigree analysis, molecular marker-assisted selection,the study of genetic diversity and the usage of germplasm.


Yu-Chih Sun National Chiao Tung University This study uses voice blogs as a platform for an extensive study of language learners' speaking skills. To triangulate the findings, the study collected data by surveying the learners' blogging processes, investigating learning strategies, and conducting retrospective interviews. The results revealed that students (a) developed a series of blogging stages, including conceptualizing, brainstorming, articulation, monitoring, and evaluating, and used a wide variety of strategies to cope with blogging-related difficulties, and (b) perceived blogging as a means of learning, self-presentation, information exchange, and social networking. Findings suggest that blogs can constitute a dynamic forum that fosters extensive practice, learning motivation, authorship, and development of learning strategies.


The petrogenesis of gabbroic rocks and associated basaltic dikes recovered at Ocean Drilling Program Site 894 has been evaluated using petrography, mineral chemistry, and bulk-rock chemistry as well as Nd isotope analyses. The igneous lithologies recovered at Site 894 include gabbronorite, gabbro, olivine gabbro, olivine gabbronorite, and basalt. The gabbroic rocks and the crosscutting dikes show similar isotope and trace elements signatures, and they are therefore suggested to be cogenetic. The trace element data indicate that the rocks formed from a highly depleted parental magma. Isotopic compositions of Site 894 rocks are within the range of mid-ocean-ridge basalt, and similar to gabbroic rocks recovered from Site 895. The gabbroic rocks show no systematic variation in mineral compositions downhole, but exhibit large variations on a local scale. Plagioclase compositions, for example, vary by up to 25 mole percent An in a single thin section. The rare earth element contents vary by 1 order of magnitude, which is close to the total range seen in the crustal section of many ophiolite complexes. There is, however, no systematic, large-scale variation in bulk-rock compositions downhole. The downhole variations are characterized by abrupt (meter scale) variations in compatible and incompatible trace element contents. There appears to be a decoupling in the behavior of incompatible and compatible trace elements in the gabbroic rocks. Cr shows a well-defined trend when plotted against Ca# whereas TiO2 and Zr do not. The lack of any correlation between TiO2 and Zr with Ca numbers suggests that the abundance of oxides and incompatible element-bearing phases such as zircon and apatite (which is present in the rocks) is unrelated to the composition of the silicate matrix. The local enrichments of incompatible elements in rocks that are relatively rich in compatible elements indicate that the geochemistry of the Site 894 gabbros is not controlled by mineral crystallization and fractionation alone. We suggest that the Site 894 rocks formed along the roof of the magma reservoir where a sequence of mesocumulates and basaltic gabbros developed owing to limited buoyancy-driven migration of interstitial melts. Late magmatic liquids migrated locally into the almost-crystallized matrix. These late magmatic liquids enriched the rocks in incompatible elements but had little influence on the distribution of compatible trace elements and major elements in the rocks. The trace element geochemistry of the rocks may be understood in terms of fractional crystallization and various mixing processes.


ABSTRACT Listeria monocytogenes is an important food-borne pathogen, and its bacteriophages find many uses in detection and biocontrol of its host. The novel broad-host-range virulent phage P70 has a unique morphology with an elongated capsid. Its genome sequence was determined by a hybrid sequencing strategy employing Sanger and PacBio techniques. The P70 genome contains 67,170 bp and 119 open reading frames (ORFs). Our analyses suggest that P70 represents an archetype of virus unrelated to other known Listeria bacteriophages.


5 Bedrooms Bedrooms With 4 Bathrooms Bathrooms Residential For Sale BARN RIDGE On the 1 Floor In 17007 BARN RIDGE DRIVE, SILVER SPRING, Maryland 20906


This weekend Spain's two most successful football clubs, Barcelona and Real Madrid, will play each other in Spain's national football league. As Alejandro Quiroga writes, the fixture between the two sides – commonly referred to as 'el clasico' – has increasingly become associated with the issue of Catalan independence. However he argues that support for the Spanish national team among citizens in Catalonia highlights that Spanish and Catalan identities are not necessarily incompatible.


The Chelyabinsk data base contains medical and radiation dosimetry data from the archives (handwritten paper files) dating from the early 1950's at the Urals Research Center for Radiation Medicine (URCRM). The original medical records of the off-site population (about 100,000 people) exposed to radiation due to at least three nuclear events in the Urals are stored in the archives.


TRAUMATIC ity, there is nothing that one knows about the strengths and weaknesses of an individBRAIN INJURY ual merely by knowing that he or she has a history of TBI. Outcome is influenced by many factors, including pretrauma characMark Ylvisalzer, Ph.D. teristics (e.g., age, education, personality, communication skills), nature and severity of the injury, and posttrauma factors (e.g., stage of recovery, medical and rehabilitative treatment, experiences following the injury, support, and emotional adjustment). Because of this variability, group studies of individuals with TBI are unlikely to yield corisistent profiles or universal deficits, even if the sample is restricted to individuals with severe injury. Despite these important sources of variation, there are central tendencies in the population that have supported an unprecedented growth in specialized rehabilitative and educational programs over the past 15 years. Adults with TBI comprise an interestingly different group from adults with other acquired neurogenic communication disorders (e.g., aphasia secondary to stroke) because they are predominately young, their communication profiles infrequently resemble classical aphasic syndromes, and their characteristic cognitive and behavioral challenges, related to vulnerable prefrontal and anterior temporal lobe structures, necessitate modification of traditional assessment and intervention strategies. Furthermore, the early stages of recovery following severe TBI are often protracted and include a relatively predictDepartvnt.nt of Commuvazcalzon Dz~orders, College of able evolution of cognitive, ,-ommunicaSt. R o ~ e , Albany, New York. tive, and behavioral symptoms. This evoluReprivat request: Dr. Ylvisaker, 1)epartment o f Comtion is captured in the clinically useful and mur~icatiova Disorders, College of St . Row, Albany, used Kancho Los Amigos Levels of N Y 12203. Cognitive Recovery (Hagen, 198 1). 239


Genomic DNA of S. meliloti 042B was partially digested to 20-30 kb by restriction endonuclease Sau 3AI, and the gene library was constructed with cosmid pLAFR3. Using S. meliloti nodABC probe and Southern blot analysis, three clones were found to harbor nodABC genes. Cosmids carried by these colonies were named pXCA, pXCB and pXCC, respectively. By triparental mating with the helper plasmid pRK2013, these recombinant cosmids were transferred into S. meliloti nodC mutant AK 1657. In this way, it was found that AK1657 containing pXCB restored its nodulation ability on alfalfa. By doubvle enzyme digesting following by Southern blot analysis, a physical map of 25 kb insert of pXCB was made. A sequencing plasmid pXCB1 was constructed by cloning 2.8 kb sized nodABC fragment from pXCB into vector pUC18.


Sri Lanka has had almost 30 years of war between the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) and the Sri Lankan government. The island is very segregated into clearly different ethnic and religious groups. Very little contact takes place between the different groups and the prejudices between them have been built up for a long time and are hard to change. The focus in this research is the youth movement Sri Lanka Unites (SLU) and their vision and actions of bringing youth together from different backgrounds and geographical locations in Sri Lanka. The aim with this study is to gain understanding of the change agents' experiences and attitudes regarding the reconciliation initiatives provided by Sri Lanka Unites. Furthermore what the initiative mean for the change agents' and their country's future road to peace. This book, provides new academical field research on a youth movements peace initiatives in Sri Lanka. It should be especially useful for professionals within peace organisations and students in fields as education and peace studies. Also anyone interested in Sri Lankas reconciliation process this book will shed some new light on this process.


This paper demonstrates that the appropriate econometric technique of testing for the effect of regional integration on bilateral trade is to augment the standard gravity model with country specific dummies instead of regional integration dummies. Using data on bilateral trade between Tanzania and her 23 trading partners over the period 1980–2004, the paper reports three important results. First, contrary to results from the traditional approach, estimates from the new econometric technique indicate that both the EU and the EAC have had moderate trade creation effects on Tanzania's bilateral trade. Second, I find that Tanzania's non-traditional trading partners such as Japan, India, Singapore, Hong Kong and the USA are relatively more opened to Tanzania's exports. Third, the results also indicate that whereas it is difficult for Tanzania's exports to penetrate foreign markets, foreign goods easily penetrate Tanzania's market. The policy implication is that the government should continue with its efforts to strengthen the EAC, and to gain more exports market to the non-traditional trading partners, if the export growth development strategy is to become a reality in Tanzania.


We present results of a project examining the application of computational text analysis and distant reading in the context of comparative religious studies, sociology, and online communication. As a source for our corpus, we use the popular platform Reddit and three of the largest religious subreddits: the subreddit Christianity, Islam and Occult. We have acquired all posts along with metadata for an entire year resulting in over 700,000 comments and around 50 million tokens. We explore the corpus and compare the different online communities via measures like word frequencies, bigrams, collocations and sentiment and emotion analysis to analyze if there are differences in the language used, the topics that are talked about and the sentiments and emotions expressed. Furthermore, we explore approaches to diachronic analysis and visualization. We conclude with a discussion about the limitations but also the benefits of distant reading methods in religious studies.


The design of an Angle-of-Attack aircraft Virtual Sensor is pursued via a novel Functional Pooling Nonlinear AutoRegressive with eXogenous excitation (FP-NARX) methodology. This methodology essentially is an identification approach capable of establishing a nonlinear dynamical system model from data obtained from many different flights, each one corresponding to different aircraft and environmental conditions. The FP-NARX model structure is shown to be suitable for Angle-of-Attack Virtual Sensor development within the landing, takeoff, and clean flight regimes of the aircraft. Its performance is examined via validation flights, which include substantial aircraft maneuvering, and is shown to be very good, with peak errors not exceeding 1.1 degrees.


Abstract : Twenty rounds were fired with the 13 gr. Modified M22 primers. A mean deviation of 2 f/s or an estimated probable error in velocity of 1.5 f/s was obtained. An explanation of this low dispersion in velocity is tentatively offered.


The numerical simulation and experimental validations of the growth and departure of a single bubble on a horizontal heated surface during pool boiling under reduced gravity conditions have been performed here. A finite difference scheme is used to solve the equations governing mass, momentum and energy in the vapor liquid phases. The vapor-liquid interface is captured by level set method, which is modified to include the influence of phase change at the liquid-vapor interface. The effects of reduced gravity conditions, wall superheat and liquid subcooling and system pressure on the bubble diameter and growth period have been studied. The simulations are also carried out under both constant and time-varying gravity conditions to benchmark the solution with the actual experimental conditions that existed during the parabolic flights of KC-135 aircraft. In the experiments, a single vapor bubble was produced on an artificial cavity, 10 μm in diameter microfabricated on the polished silicon wafer, the wafer was heated electrically from the back with miniature strain gage type heating elements in order to control the nucleation superheat. The bubble growth period and the bubble diameter predicted from the numerical simulations have been found to compare well with the data from experiments.Copyright © 2003 by ASME


We presenta novel framework for modeling hair using simplified representations. The set of representations,including individual strands,clusters andpatches,are derivedfrom Dynamic-NURBSand have the sameunderlying base skeleton. Our framework supports automatic simplification of dynamic simulation, collision detectionand graphical renderingof hair, andoffers flexibility to balancebetweenperformanceandquality. Furthermore, it is applicableto modelingdifferenthair styles.We haveusedthe framework to simulatedifferentstylesandobtained noticeableperformanceimprovementin the simulation,with little lossin visualquality.


Objective To explore the status of students' intercourse vexation and all kinds of psychological and social influencing factors.Methods 700 college students were chosen from three universities in Shandong province randomly,and Interpersonal Relationship Integrated Diagnosis Questionnaire,Eysenck Personality Questionnaire Short Scale of China(EPQ-RSC),Self-Esteem Scale(SES),Self-Rating Depression Scale(SDS),Self-Rating Anxiety Scale(SAS),Adolescent Self-Rating Life Events Check-List(ASLEC),Defense Style Questionnaire(DSQ),Egma Minnen av Bardndosnauppforstran(EMBU),and the self-made questionnaire were used in the survey.Then accumulative Logistic regression analysis of single factor and multi-factors were conducted with SAS8.0 statistic software.Results 38.51% students had the light intercourse vexation and 15.06% had the serious intercourse vexation.The main factors affecting college students'intercourse vexation included taking part into group activities,distrusting of others,social ability,fear of death,neuroticism,life events,father's warmth and understanding,father's refusal and denial.Conclusion There is higher rate of intercourse vexation in college students.Schools,society and families should pay attention to improve college students' learning,living and growing environments,promoting their mental and physical health.


The wave- or impulse power station (1) has multiple plane adjacently arranged floating bodies (2) which are driven by waves (10) move along the guides (4) and are oscillating independent to each other. The guides are connected with each other such that form a common stiff support structure (6) overstretching the floating bodies so that the kinetic energy of the respective floating body is transferred to energy conversion devices by transmission elements. Each floating body of multiple floating bodies is individually pre-tensioned against the support structure by elastic elements (8).


MicroRNAs (miRs) used as active ingredients were put more often into spotlight these days. In their application field, of course, there have to be some obstacles to overcome: On one hand there is the low bioavailability and cellular uptake and on the other hand affinity for enzymatic degradation (Blanco et al., 2015). Therefore, protamineoligonucleotide-nanoparticles, so–called Proticles, basically consisting of miRs and protamine, a cationic peptide, represent a new generation of nanoparticulate (NP) Drug Delivery Systems (DDS) to deal with that challenges (Scheicher et al., 2015). Proticles are formed by a self-assembling mechanism due to electrostatic interactions between the positively charged protamine and the negatively charged miR (Junghans et al., 2000). To mediate the miR release profile and decrease the strength of the electrostatic interactions the strategy of functionalizing NPs with citric acid (CA) was investigated.


The CJNG arose after the 2010 death of Ignacio "Nacho" Coronel (/news-analysis/the-kingpin-strategy-nachocoronel-and-violence-on-the-pacific), the Sinaloa Cartel's representative in Jalisco, which unleashed a fight for succession. The CJNG won in large part because of its solid ties with the Milenio Cartel (http://www.am.com.mx/notareforma/10458), also known as the Cartel of the Valencia brothers, an old criminal structure that dominated Michoacan until the year 2000.


Most preemergence treatments followed by postemergence treatments provided better Palmer amaranth control than preemergence treatments alone or early postemergence treatments alone (Table 2). The better treatments provided good control of Palmer amaranth, kochia, Russian thistle, crabgrass, green foxtail, and shattercane. All treatments elevated yield over the untreated control.


Locally weighted quantile regressions allow the coefficients of hedonic house price functions to vary over space. Using data on all house sales in Cook County, Illinois, for 20002011, I show how the full distribution of appreciation rates changed over time in small geographic areas. The estimates reveal significant spatial variation in appreciation rates both geographically and across the distribution of house prices. During the boom, house prices rose most rapidly among lower-priced homes, particularly on the South and West sides of Chicago. Prices then declined most rapidly afterward in these same areas. In contrast, high-priced homes in the Near North Side of the city and in the far North suburbs had only moderate declines in prices after 2006. The results clearly indicate that standard approaches to estimating house price indices oversimplify what is actually a rich set of spatial and temporal variation in appreciation rates.


Long as the introduction of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), restenosis has always been the stumbling stone of this innovative therapeutic technology [1-3]. As such, the arrival of drug-eluting stents (DES) in scene has offered what initially seemed to be the long-waited solution to this troublesome sequel of everyday practice. Indeed, very early following FDA approval of first-generation DES in 2003, these devices have convincingly reshaped the landscape of interventional cardiology that the Healthcare Systems took a bold initiative of assigning impressively high reimbursements to account for their extraordinary cost. It was a short halcyon period during which interventional cardiologists were anxious of being deemed guilty if they did not offer their patients the so-called 'smart' stent whenever technically feasible. Then, with the fall of 2006, the winds began to shift with alarming reports raising concerns about disturbingly higher rates of very late (after one year) stent thrombosis associated with the use of DES as compared with bare-metal stents (BMS). The media flashed the red light particularly with some evidence suggesting that relative to other acute coronary syndrome events, DES thrombosis was associated with substantially higher mortality and morbidity. Albeit infrequent, almost all cases developed a myocardial infarction, and one-tenth to one-third of cases died [4]. Soon the FDA assigned an expert panel to review evidence available from an array of sources, and in December 2006, the panel expectedly announced that there was an evidence for a small - though insignificant - increase in stent thrombosis events following DES [5]. However, evidence was far from clear, and intuitively, further evidence was still needed especially given the rare nature of the event that made all the available reports statistically underpowered.


Theories of appraisal and their practice have been a central element of archival discourse for nearly a century. While the importance of a diverse and inclusive archival record has been stressed in recent decades, pornography and sexually explicit materials have been excluded from these conversations. Although pornographic materials present additional privacy and access challenges, they are important records of human sexuality and the experiences of diverse communities that might not be documented elsewhere. This article highlights ways in which pornography can help archivists diversify the archival record.


A correction is brought to the opinion expressed in a previous note published in this journal that the off critical line points indicated by some authors as being non trivial zeros of the Davenport and Heilbronn function are affected of approximation errors and illustrations are presented which enforce the conclusion that they are true zeros. It is shown also that linear combinations of L-functions satisfying the same Riemann-type of functional equation do not offer counterexamples to RH, contrary to a largely accepted position.


Abstract : The extreme violence of the Iraqi insurgency has continued unabated despite the determination of U.S. and Iraqi forces to quell it. The continued violence has prevented full implementation of the United States' "Victory in Iraq" strategy. The strategy is built upon three inter-related platforms of economic development, political engagement, and national security. The threat to domestic and national security serves as a major obstacle to reconstruction and the eventual withdrawal of coalition forces. U.S. military strategy has focused on eliminating insurgent networks, but this policy has failed in that the insurgents are more active and lethal than in any time previous. A policy change that identifies individual, root causes of the insurgency and then addresses each cause separately would be more flexible than the current policy, which assumes a monolithic view of the insurgency. This thesis argues that the insurgency is not monolithic, but rather a network of networks, and that it can be dissected along a number of different variables to enable a better approach to countering each insurgent sub-group. The author performs an in-depth examination of the principal groups in this war: the Sunnis, the Shi'ites, and criminal and transnational elements. By employing a policy of identifying, separating, and dealing with each sub-group individually, the insurgency is robbed of its power and momentum. Subsequently, Iraqi and Coalition forces would be able to stabilize the security environment, thus providing the sanctuary necessary for political engagement and economic development.


The last therapeutic alternative in severe postsurgical hypoparathyroidism is allotransplantation of macroen- capsulated parathyroid cells. With this technique, it is possible to implant cells or tissue of parathyroid origin to replace them in such patients, without immusupression. We report an allotransplant of parathyroid cells in a patient with continous endovenous requirement of calcium to survive. The macroencapsulation was carried out with a polyvinylidine di fl uoride (PVDF). We implant ~100 000 parathyroid cells in the deep femoral artery. In this article, we show functionality of the graft for at least 3 months without requirement of endovenous calcium. We report this procedure as a therapeutical alternative in severe hypoparathyroidism.


The growth interruption effects on growth mode of the GaAs and AlGaAs epitaxial layers grown on GaAs substrate by molecular beam epitaxy were investigated. Growth process of the epitaxial layers as a function of the growth interruption time was observed by reflection high energy electron diffraction (RHEED). The growth interruption time was 0, 15, 30, 60 s. The GaAs/ multi quantum wells (MQWs) with different growth interruption time were grown and its properties were investigated. RHEED intensity oscillation and optical property of the MQWs were dependent on the growth interruption time. When the growth interruption time was 30 s, interface between the well and barrier layers became sharper.


Possessing single crystals of sufficient size and quality, we reconciled the informations available from the electrical conductivity and the magnetic susceptibility with the results of different magnetic resonance techniques for the low-temperature phase of the organic conductor (FA)2PF6. The influence of localized paramagnetic defects and a bottleneck situation for the defect-spin relaxation via the conduction electrons are crucial ingredients for an understanding of the ESR properties of this and related radical-cation salts of arenes. We conclude from our analysis, that it is a decisive advantage for a "model system" of organic conductors, if it has a low-temperature semiconductor phase that enables one to "switch off" the influence of the conduction electrons.


The formulation of inductance (L) and capacitance (C) derived from conformal mapping theory, in some cases, needs some corrections to be accomplished with the application as the used of different circumstances. In this paper, the value of L and C for artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) structured from square patches is investigated numerically to be reformulated based on analytical study. The analysis is conducted using the simulation results of AMC structure which are processed through the regression analysis. The AMC structure used for analysis is built from a two-dimensionally arrayed square patches deployed on FR4 Epoxy dielectric substrate. The frequency range of analysis which is intended are from 1GHz to 5GHz is corresponding with the working frequency of unit cell square patch. Hence, the analyzed parameters of unit cell include substrate width, substrate thickness, substrate properties, patch width, and gap width between patches. From the analysis result, it is shown that the properties of dielectric substrate, i.e. relative permittivity and relative permeability, have no influence to the LC formulation. In conclusion, the overall correction factors for LC reformulation gives the maximum frequency deviation of 9.59% which is divided into 2 frequency ranges, 1GHz to 2.5GHz and 2.5GHz to 5GHz.


since the establishment of the church of jesus christ of latterday saints day its leaders and members have been commanded and encouraged to learn foreign languages with the gift of tongues and diligent effort latterday saints day have made great progress in the last 152 years in meeting the challenge of learning and teaching languages this paper is an attempt to compile what has been done by church members programs and organizations to promote language in a world where international communication is increasingly important it will also be a resource for the LDS church the missionary training center brigham young university and other interested scholars or church members COMMITTEE APPROVAL arthur henry king committee chairman C C ray grah i Gra committee member AA C AJJS r lybai y department Bair chairman


Women, in India, in general have never been allowed to fully blossom and putting their just part in the socio economic development.  Their potential has always been undermined, disvalued and neglected. So making women more progressive, this is the time to unleash the 'hidden entrepreneurial capabilities' of women. Economically secure women will no less than a fountain of resource to the nation which will bring more employment opportunities, more gross domestic product and more financial inclusion to the system. Women entrepreneurship can certainly strike some core issues of social indignity like the 'patriarchal mindset', it can lessen the 'domestic violence' against women, it can also improve 'maternal -infant healthcare' system, as presence of such issues in 21 st century is really a misfortune to live with. Plus an economic status of women leads to the betterment of her social status also. An empowered woman can improve the environment of awareness, as today most of the women's rights are not in vogue because the awareness level is way below .why society is giving a secondary stance to women in labor and business activities? Why they have been taught to follow rather than lead? A nation can be called a developed one only when the women is getting equal opportunities in financial matters, is getting proper social representation and her dignity is duly taken care of.


REVIEW Husbandry of laboratory animals. Ed. M. L. Conalty. 1967. Pp. xvi + 650. London & New York: Academic Press. £7/lOs. This volume reports the proceedings of the Third International Symposium organized by the International Committee on Laboratory Animals and held in Dublin in September 1966. In all there are 37 papers classified under six headings. The first section is rather a mixed bag dealing as it does with handling (including handling scorpions and snakes), the effects of caging and bedding on mouse reproduction, skin-grafting technique and the organization of a breeding unit. The second section deals extensively and well with problems of nutrition in general and in particular. The species coverage is wide-from the less familiar small rodents indigenous in South Africa to the larger carnivores in zoos. There is also consideration of the problems of diets for germ-free and specified-pathogen-free animals-and of the provision of water-soluble, non-antigenic diets. As usual in this field, there are wide discrepancies in the published figures for minimal requirements in rodent diets. The third section (ecology and diseases) looks at susceptibility to disease, particularly spontaneous neoplasia, the influence on it of extraneous factors such as early weaning, handling or shock during early life, population density and stress. There is a note on ringtail and a paper on epidemiology. The fourth section has two papers on zoonoses and their control, and then deals with the general problems of disease control and resident infection, and reports some findings in specified-pathogen-free animals. The fifth section (physiology and psycho-physiology) deals with the influences of rearing and environmental temperature on the physiology and haematology of rat and mouse. Papers on surgical experimental models in endocrinology and the effect of certain early environmental conditions of psycho-physiological development were too high-flown for my taste, and this is true to some extent of a paper on the effects of social stimulation on adrenal and reproductive physiology-but the three papers make interesting points. The last section (pharmacology and pharmaco-ecology) has papers on the use of relaxant drugs, pharmacology of anaesthesia, and ecological factors in pharmacology. No one person could possibly evaluate contributions covering such a wide range of subject matter and I certainly have not read the whole. But I have read many of the papers and browsed extensively through the rest. My general impression is that there is a wealth of useful information here which is usually well presented and


This article suggests an evolutionary approach to designing interaction strategies for multiagent systems, focusing on strategies modeled as fuzzy rule‐based systems. The aim is to learn models evolving database and rule bases to improve agent performance when playing in a competitive environment. In competitive situations, data for learning and tuning are rare, and rule bases must jointly evolve with the databases. We introduce an evolutionary algorithm whose operators use variable length chromosomes, a hierarchical relationship among individuals through fitness, and a scheme that successively explores and exploits the search space along generations. Evolution of interaction strategies uncovers unknown and unexpected agent behaviors and allows a richer analysis of negotiation mechanisms and their role as a coordination protocol. An application concerning an electricity market illustrates the effectiveness of the approach. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Int Syst 22: 971–991, 2007.


In this paper we discuss the controllability problem of Petri net languages and obtain the necessary and sufficient condition for it. Then we present a method for synthesizing a feedback controller by which the closed loop system generates the supremal controllable sublanguage of a given Petri net language, and two examples are given for illustration.<<ETX>>


The analysis of the workspace singularities is one of the fundamental aspects in the design of parallel robots. The architecture singularities are generally studied analysing the local properties of the Jacobian matrix. Nevertheless, for limited-DOF parallel robots, there is a category of singularities (constraint or constructive singularities), relating to the constraint force transmission, which are not described by this matrix. This paper deals with a general approach to the analysis of these singularities, used in the synthesis of a Linear Delta robot to suitably modify its geometry, remarkably improving the structural behavior. Details and numerical results are provided.@DOI: 10.1115/1.1588343#


Examples of collective behavior in biological systems are widespread; however, less attention has been given to plant systems. This is mostly due to the conceptually different type of movements in plants, classified as tropic, growing in the direction of external stimuli; or nastic, inherent movements due to internal cues such as the exploratory circumnutations. Here we study a system of mutually shading neighboring sunflowers, where interactions mediated by the shade response have been found to underpin a self-organized zig-zag growth pattern. We develop a minimal model which describes interacting sunflowers as growing repulsive disks tethered to an initial position, and interprets circumnutations as noise. Informing our model with experimental values enables us to identify the role of circumnutations as facilitating the observed self-organization.


With the aim of integrating gender and culture issues into Computer Science and Engineering curriculum, this work proposes the design of posters about Women pioneers in Computing Science to break the gender gap. This contribution justifies the use of illustrations due to their great pedagogical potential. In addition, this paper describes the selection process of the Women pioneers in Computing Science and the criteria adopted for the graphic design of the posters, considering conceptual and communicative aspects as well as graphic, stylistic and aesthetic aspects.


In the present study, the flavonoid fractions of Thespesia populnea and Tabernaemontana divaricata leaves were evaluated for anti-inflammatory potential. The maximum amount of flavonoids was found in ethyl acetate extract of T. populnea and T. divaricata. The in vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory activity of the flavonoid fractions were determined by using the membrane stability method and Carrageenan induced oedema (acute), Formalin and Dextran induced oedema (chronic) method respectively. Diclofenac was used as a standard drug. The results revealed that the flavonoid fractions of the selected plants showed the highest membrane stabilizing activity compared to that of standard diclofenac drugs. The flavonoid fractions of both the plant exhibited a significant in vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory activity.


In this paper, the effect of ultrasonic intensity, treatment time, ratios of the weight of almond to the volume of solvent were studied. The result by an orthogonal experiment indicated that the effectiveness factors on oil yield was in this order: ultrasonic intensity untrasonic extraction times ratios of the weight of almond to the volume of solvent. The technological parameters optimized by orthogonal test were as follows: ultrasonic intensity was 225 kw/m2, untrasonic extraction time was 20 min, ratio of the weight of almond to the volume of solvent was 1:6, the extraction rate of almond oil was 51.93%. GC test showed above 90% fatty acid of almond oil samples for this study were unsaturated.


Minority college students are the backbone of economic prosperity and social development of minority regions in China and the cultivation quality of the minority college students will directly influence the stability and sustainable development of the minority regions.The cultivation of minority college students is a systematic project.The paper,based on the application of the double monitorial system,investigates in the collaborative innovation of education mechanism of the main land minority college students.


When may a lawyer act against a former client? The short answer is that it depends in what state the question is being asked. This paper discusses the lawyer's duty of loyalty as formulated by Brooking J.A. in Spincode v Look Software ('Spincode') and subsequently considered in other Australian cases. Statements from this case, although obiter, have gained support in some other Australian jurisdictions and been rejected in others, notably New South Wales. The doctrine propounded by Brooking J.A. is that there are a number of grounds to support courts restraining lawyers from acting against former clients: implied term of the retainer, inherent duty of courts to restrain it's officers in addition to confidentiality.


This paper describes the classification of existing integration schemes for ferroelectric memories, including both nonvolatile and volatile devices, and the status of device development for CMOS (both SRAM and DRAM architecture), GaAs JFET structures, bipolar, and true ferroelectric FETs (in which the ferroelectric is deposited in the gate region to modify the source-to-drain current when the polarization is reversed). Emphasis in the paper is on electroding, film deposition, drying and baking, and annealing steps.


Offering an innovative synthesis of the literature on the growing presence of these two emerging Asian economic powerhouses on the African continent, The rise of China and India in Africa is a volume that is most welcome. Edited by Fantu Cheru and Cyril Obi from the Nordic Africa Institute, its 17 chapters display a great diversity of theoretical perspectives and a plurality of disciplinary backgrounds, with researchers from International Relations, Development Studies and Foreign Policy Studies, as well as South Asian, African (mostly South African) or Chinese studies. Authors are attached to institutions located in a wide scope of countries, many located within the areas here under scrutiny. The volume is divided into six sections. part one offers an overview, a 'big picture' of the issues and challenges at stake; part two gives historical insights about the Indian and Chinese presence in the African continent; part three focuses on the recent economic growth surge of both nations in Africa; part four attempts the difficult task of balancing the development initiatives of both countries with conflictridden local situations; part five gives well deserved attention to issues surrounding the quest for resources (especially oil) on the African continent; part six concludes with a chapter about role of the New Partnership for Africa's Development (NEPAD) in countering 'new imperialism'. While the scope of issues addressed is quite extensive, some themes are recurring and deserve particular attention. First, many chapters highlight the fact that in the era of the post-Washington Consensus, the opportunities provided by the growing presence of China and India in Africa are more obvious than ever. The rise of a multi-polar global order in which emerging countries (especially Brazil, Russia, India and China) are called upon to play a greater role appears as the framework for new tactical opportunities and strategic alternatives for African countries. In order to turn such a diversification of trade opportunities into concrete benefits for African societies, various contributors pinpoint the need for enhanced continental unity as the main challenge facing African countries. In short, if 'the rise of China and India is both a threat and an opportunity for Africa' (p. 97), African countries must join forces in order to make the best of the emerging scenario. Only a united Africa can really take advantage of the opportunities offered by the new global economy to increase its level of independence toward the West. Contributors nevertheless note that such a shift towards greater continental integration is unfortunately not yet obvious, most countries preferring to deal on an individual basis with either China or India. Another recurring issue is the fact that both China and India tend to avoid the aid discourse traditionally associated with the Western presence on the continent. They rather use the idiom of South–South cooperation, referring to


The Abuja Declaration, adopted at the Africa Union special summit on AIDS in 2001, called upon African governments to allocate 15% of their national budgets to health spending, with more emphasis on HIV/AIDS programmes. This commit¬ment echoes the United Nations General Assembly Special Session on HIV I AIDS (UNGASS), which calls for an increase in spending on HIV I AIDS programmes to US$ 7-10 billion by 2005. The declaration of commitment by the Africa Union calls for minimum spending that provides coverage of essential prevention, care, and mitigation services in an effort to reduce the spread of the epidemic. In Kenya, despite the government's commitment to fight the pandemic, very little informa¬tion is available on the actual expenditures on HIVI AIDS activities. The objective ofthis study was to track HIV/AIDS expenditure and analyse the budget from an HIV/AIDS perspective. Understanding how the financial and other national re¬sources are used towards realization of the national objectives as outlined in the HIV I AIDS related strategic goals in each country, will help the planners to choose pertinent, useful and attainable interventions.


Planet earth is the only cosmological entity which is residing at the most habitable zone of our solar system and provides life-support systems to the all living-being residing on it. The systematic studies on earth structure, ingredients, and global phenology are covered under 'Earth Science', which provides the meaningful justification for every incident happened or happening on earth surface. Climate condition played an important role in the origin of life. Optimum weather condition warrants the succession of life on earth. However, in modern civilization, increasing trend of urbanization has put the environment in a vulnerable situation. As a result, changes in climate have been observed in different parts of the world. To cope up with the problematic issues due to climate change it is necessary to research the fact vividly, which not only secures the present environment but also maintains sustainable resources for the future generations. The current issue of The Journal of Earth Science and Climatic Change presents some interesting findings such as- maximum land area is covered by regions of moderate vulnerability; bi-layered structure of the Awataib valley, Sudan; change in perception and attitudes of the locals towards forest management would entail providing environmental education to the people, and consideration of the needs of the local populace; climate change will impact the magnitude and frequency of rainfall intensity, and therefore flooding of the Abaya-Chamo basin; identification of sulphate, and by extrapolation petrol in Loei-Wang Saphung, Thailand


Abstract In this paper we consider a two-compartment model and analyze the underlying nonlinear system of differential equations that arises from studying such models. In particular, we apply a decomposition method to solve the system numerically and then compare the results with other well-known methods such as the fourth-order Runge–Kutta method.


OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: The purpose of this descriptive study is to explore knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors related to genetics and genetic research in a sample of persons of African descent. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Data were generated using a cross-sectional survey design. A nonprobability sample of 272 persons of African descent, ages 18 and older, were recruited from the Washington, DC metropolitan area through public advertisement and word-of-mouth. Participants had diverse backgrounds with most born in the United States (93%), female (71%), some college or above education (57%), household income under $40,000 (54%), and some with a reported disability (38%). Before survey recruitment and administration, this study was reviewed and approved by the Howard University Institutional Review Board. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: The majority (79.8%) of the participants considered themselves as having a "fair" to "good" knowledge of genetics. The sample had a 2.24 (SD=77) mean score on the 5-item genetics knowledge questionnaire with total possible mean scores ranging from 0 (no correct responses) to 5 (all correct responses). Most (53.3%) participants believe it is important for persons of African descent to participate in genetic research. However, almost one-half (46.7%) felt that information from genetic research can be used to discriminate against minorities. In terms of behaviors, 83.4% of the participants never had genetic testing conducted. However, an overwhelming majority reported that they would be willing to participate in a genetic research project specifically for detection of risk factors such as cancer (87%), diabetes (89.3%), Alzheimer disease (88.6%), and alcohol use disorder (75%). DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: This investigation suggests that persons of African descent generally view participation in genetic research as important and are willing to have their genetic profile analyzed to detect susceptibility to certain diseases. However, ethical issues, such as misuse of genetic research to discriminate against minorities, remain a prominent concern. Further studies are needed to illuminate KABEs and to help identify the role these factors may play in this population's willingness to participate in testing and research. Such information could provide invaluable insight to the development and implementation of more ethical and culturally competence strategies for recruiting minority participants into genetic research.


In clinical researches disturbances of structurally functional properties of erythro-cyte membrane in patients with acute and exacerbation of chronic purulent maxillary sinusitis are studied. Authentic communications between changes in imposing appearance of erythrocytes fibers of membranes and clinical implications of maxillary sinusitis are taped. Efficiency of traditional treatment in correction of disturbances of structurally functional properties of erythrocytes is defined.


Historically, maternity care for women in prison has been poor, with little attention paid to the specific needs of pregnant women in the policy literature. However prison health care is undergoing a modernisation programme with a requirement that prisoners receive health care to the same standard as those not imprisoned. This two-part article describes the findings of a research study into the maternity services for women in prison. Part one provides a background to the project and describes the pregnant prison population, and the current services available to them. What is evident from the findings is that the standard of care for women in prison is variable, dependent upon the establishment in which they reside. As a disenfranchised group, with high risk factors for pregnancy and birth, women in prison and midwives who care for them face many challenges in the provision of equitable care that is accessible and effective.


The problems on the delimitation of the EEZ & Continental Shelf is very important in relation to the mineral resources such as oil & gas. In addition, South Korea is under complicate situation related to the delimitation of maritime jurisdictions. This paper examines the Agreements between Iceland and Norway Establishing Maritime Boundaries between Iceland and the Jan Mayen and their joint development zone, and compares with the situation of South Korea in relation the disputes between South Korea and Japan or China.


Series Foreword Preface Chronology The Land, People, and History Religion and Thought Marriage, Gender, Family, and Education Cuisine, Holidays, and Leisure Activities Literature Media and Cinema Performing Arts Art and Architecture/Housing Index


Abst ract As a generalization of inclusion dependencies that are found in relational databases, word constraints have been studied for semistructured data 6] as well as for an object-oriented model 10]. In both contexts, it is assumed that each data entity has a unique identity, and two entities are equal if and only if they have the same identify. In this setting, the decidability of the implication and nite implication problems for word constraints has been established. A question left open is whether these problems are still decidable in the context of an object-oriented model M which supports complex values with nested structures and complex value equality. This paper provides an answer to that question. We characterize a schema in M in terms of a type constraint and an equality constraint, and investigate the interaction between these constraints and word constraints. We show that in the presence of equality and type constraint, the implication and nite implication problems for word constraints are also decidable, by giving a small model argument.


The burst mode power modulation feature of the Millennium system (Bausch & Lomb Surgical) enhances surgeon control and improves the efficiency and safety of phacoemulsification. It also allows for bimanual surgery through ultrasmall incisions using a sleeveless phaco tip, according to users.


Background: Despite participation is an important outcome of person's rehabilitation process.there is no reliable and valid instrument for evaluation of participation in Persian-speaking spinal cord injuries (SCI). While SCI has serious damages on person's social participation, assessment of participation demands culturally adapted and valid instruments. Objectives: This study took place to obtain a valid, reliable instrument for evaluation of Rehabilitation-Participation (P-USER-P) in an Iranian SCI. Methods: This study was methodological research, participating in 200 individuals. Analysis of face and content validity, discriminant validity, internal consistency, and reliability conducted after receiving permission and verification of the backwards-translation from the main developer. Results: During the cultural adaptation process, several modifications proposed by experts' panel were made to ensure adaptation of items' descriptions with Iranian culture. The Cronbach's α and ICC coefficients of the frequency, restriction and satisfaction sub-scales were 0.61, 0.71, 0.69, and 0.75, 0.84, 0.84, respectively. The instrument also showed good reliability and discriminant validity characteristics. Conclusions: P-USER-P is a valid and reliable instrument for measuring objective and subjective participation in SCI patients. It is also adapted with Iranian culture which qualifies its utility in the rehabilitation process of Persian-speaking SCI patients.


The present study has been conducted to estimate the influence of Moringa oleifera seeds oil in protection the liver and reduction of blood lipids in diabetic rats. Forty male rats were divided into four groups. Non-diabetic rats fed standard diet only (G1), non-diabetic rats fed standard diet + Moringa seeds oil (1.8 mg/kg) (G2), diabetic rats fed standard diet (G3) and diabetic rats fed standard diet + Moringa seeds oil (1.8 mg/kg) (G4). The study conducted for four weeks. The results showed that liver weight and relative liver weight were significantly increased in diabetic rats (G3) compared with (G1) and significantly decreased in diabetic rats treated with Moringa seeds oil (G4) compared with (G3). Treatment diabetic rats with Moringa seeds oil (G4) showed significantly reduction in serum glucose level comparing with nontreated diabetic rats (G3).The diabetic rats (G3) showed significantly elevation in levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), total cholesterol(CHOL) and significant decreased in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) compared with (G1). Diabetic rats treated with Moringa seeds oil (G4) showed a significant reduction in liver enzyme markers and improved in lipid profile parameters compared to non-treated diabetic rats (G3).The study concluded that Moringa seeds oil can be protect the liver and reduce blood lipids in diabetes. The potential mechanism of Moringa seeds oil in protection the liver possibly resulting from ability of free radical scavenging by antioxidants in the oil. Journal of Home Economics, Volume 28, December (4), 2018 911


Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) is a new concept of managing risks holistically and in Malaysia, such a concept is still relatively new among Malaysian companies. On a positive note however, the ERM concept appear to be receiving much attention over the recent years from various businesses and industries in Malaysia. This particular study aims to determine the level of ERM adoption among the Government-Linked Companies (GLCs) and to examine the influence of Chief Risk Officers (CROs) and Board of Directors (BODSs) on the ERM implementation itself. Findings of the study showed that the more established GLCs were more receptive to the adoption of ERM as compared to the less established ones. Also, companies that adopt ERM were found to have appointed the Chief Risk Officers (CROs). In addition, the quality of Board of Directors (BODSs) was also found to play a significant role in respect of ERM implementation.


Zero-shot Cross-Modal Retrieval (ZS-CMR) is challenging due to the heterogeneous distributions across different modalities and the inconsistent semantics across seen and unseen classes. Previous methods usually perform class-level semantic alignment of data from different modalities by introducing auxiliary word embeddings of class labels, which have a fatal limitation as the learning of class-level information will lead to the ignorance of intra-modal variance. To solve this problem, we propose our Instance-Level Semantic Alignment (ILSA) method to make full use of the instance-level information. We use two disentanglement variational auto-encoders to decompose the data from two modalities into modal specific and modal invariant features. With an instance-level semantic features extractor and a distribution generator, ILSA could generate more appropriate distributions by the learned instance-level semantic features, without any auxiliary knowledge. We perform the experiment on six widely used datasets on two scenarios of ZS-CMR, the results show that our method establishes the new state-of-the-art performance on all datasets.


In my 22 years as a general pediatrician, I have practiced at an isolated military post as well as in a wealthy suburb, a rural area, and a combination small town-suburb. In addition, I trained in a major urban area. As a result of these travels, I feel that I have some insight into the problems of pediatricians in different areas and the future we face.
 A significant problem facing present-day pediatricians is how to care for sick inpatients as well as maintain a busy office practice. Although many of our medically interesting and challenging problems are inpatients, most of a general pediatrician's income is generated from his or her outpatient practice.


The management and control of complex systems need not only complicated system models and integrated computer systems, but also human participation during implementation. Lots of developments and applications of CIMS and other continuous control systems have shown that the manmachine system archi terture is a reasonable solution to efficient computer control. Based on our experience of several application case studies, this article tries to present the importance, the difficulties and the future of the man-machine integration and intelligent control.


ABSTRACT CANOPY temperature of cotton was shown to be useful as an indicator of crop water stress resulting from both soil water deficit (matric) and soil water salinity (osmotic) stresses. The relationship between canopy-air temperature difference and ambient vapor pressure deficit was shown not to depend on cotton row spacing, not to exhibit seasonal trends and to be applicable to a wide cotton production region. Cotton lint yields from two experiments were found to be negatively correlated to the mean seasonal crop water stress index. The crop water stress index was found to be sensitive to crop osmotic stress resulting from high soil water salinity when the soil water matric potential was negligible. Canopy and air temperature difference, in conjunction with ambient vapor pressure measurements, formulated into the crop water stress index appears to be useful in quantifying crop water stress from both soil water deficits and soil salinity. Therefore the crop water stress index appears useful for indicating the need for irrigating cotton.


The gestational phase promotes many changes in a woman's life, the behavior of the pregnant woman is linked to the experiences, local culture and the changes that occurred in that period. It is during pregnancy that the bond between mother and baby begins to form, but not in all cases this bond is established, as some women end up suffering with low self-esteem, concerns and concerns. This experience report aims to demonstrate that the actions of a support group for pregnant women can make a difference, helping to remove doubts, exchange experiences, strengthen the bond between mother and baby and even improve the pregnant woman's self-esteem. Exalting the importance of support networks for future mothers in this very important phase.


Changes in manufacturing often result in decision making being decentralised. As a consequence of the decentralisation of decision making, the number of hierarchical levels in the organisation is often reduced. This paper examines when a delayering of the organisation takes place during manufacturing improvement. For two and a half years, the authors participated in and studied one company's implementation of lean production. The observations from the clinical study are compared with existing operations management theory. The findings indicate the importance of delayering the organisation early during manufacturing improvement, to create a platform for further improvement.


This paper considers an electron beam whose energy and current are simultaneously premodulated at the injection point of a drift tube. A theoretical model is developed for the subsequent current and energy modulations which propagate downstream. A closed integrodifferential equation for the normalized beam current is obtained in terms of time and propagation distance. To make the nonlinear current modulation analytically tractable, a small signal theory is introduced into the modulation calculation. The current modulation in the linear regime is a linear combination of the forward and backward waves of the initial current and energy modulations. It is shown that the initial energy modulation is a very effective means for downstream current modulation. The downstream energy modulation is also expressed by a linear combination of the forward and backward waves of the initial current and energy modulations. In general, the maximum current modulation occurs at the propagation distance where the energy modulat...


evaluation program testing the effectiveness of Family Finding Project to strengthening family connections and permanency. We implemented a quasi-experimental design to see whether Family Finding intervention could maximize and enhance family connections and permanency among youth in the foster care system. Results suggest that focused efforts on searching for and engaging family and kin can expand the social support network and lifelong connections for youth who have been placed out of the home.


This paper reports the field measurements concerning pressure equalization of rainscreen facades carried out at the Technical University of Eindhoven (TUE) in the Netherlands. The field facility including the details of test panel, meteorological tower, instrumentation, data collection and analysis is presented. Results of investigations into cavity response for various leakage and venting configurations are discussed. Frequency domain techniques have been utilized to show the influence of wind as well as facade characteristics on the pressure equalization performance. Further, this paper presents an early attempt to synthesize the experimental results into existing building codes.


The cardiac neural elements which survive surgical denervation of the heart have been called the "intrinsic" innervation (ICN). These include postganglionic parasympathetic neurons and chromaffin cells. Specific activation of the ICN with nicotine (NIC) has been shown to produce powerful negative inotropic and chronotropic effects on the heart. The present study was performed to assess the influence of the ICN on dromotropic activity. Seven mongrel dogs successfully underwent surgical denervation of the heart. They were placed on cardiopulmonary bypass and conduction through the atrioventricular (AV) node as well as the right atrium was measured by an acrylic electrode plaque. Conduction through the right bundle branch (RBB) was measured using a second recording electrode. Drugs administered were acetylcholine (ACh, 0.1-10.0 μg); NIC (1-100 μg); and tetrodotoxin (TTX, 30 μg). All agents were injected by the intracoronary route. Both ACh and NIC caused significant increases in AV nodal conduction time; i.e., 5-49% and 11-49%, respectively. Intra-atrial, bundle branch, and His-to-ventricular muscle conduction was affected inconsistently, and the changes were nonsignificant. Responses to NIC, but not to ACh, were completely blocked by 30 μg of TTX. The effects of the ICN on ventricular conduction appear to parallel those of the parasympathetic innervation, i.e., profound influence on AV nodal conduction with little or no effect below this structure. In contrast, however, the ICN does not appear to affect intra-atrial conduction, nor do there appear to be functionally important chromaffin cells that affect conduction time. Circ Res 47: 74-79, 1980.


The effect of deposition temperature and film thickness on the electrochemical performance of amorphous-Si thin films deposited on a copper foil is studied. The electrochemical properties show optimum conditions at 200 ◦ C deposition, and thinner films exhibit superior electrochemical performance than thicker ones. A film of 200 nm Si deposited at 200 ◦ C exhibits excellent cycleability with a specific capacity of ∼3000 mAh g −1 . This is probably due to optimization between the strong adhesion by Si/Cu interdiffusion and the film stress.


Focus group conversations were previously reported for minority students from eleven engineering schools. This study describes the analysis of a mini-survey administered during the focus group sessions in order to augment group discussions which can be dominated by strong personalities thereby skewing the results. One hundred and forty-four students, comprised of 51.4% African American, 36.8% Hispanic, and11.8% of Other ethnicities, completed three openended questions on: how they became interested in engineering; what it takes to be successful in the engineering program; and their advice to incoming minority students. A fourth question asked for their assessment of the effectiveness of seven academic support program components. Major student responses were coded for thematic content or tabulated and then entered into regression equations against four measures of achievement, including students' GPA, longevity in the program, average SAT/ACT scores of minority students in the school of matriculation, and their school's effectiveness in graduating minority students as assessed by 6-year graduation rates. Responses positively associated with achievement indices were then factor analyzed to isolate common clusters associated with success in engineering. While the most frequent student responses to the four questions were skill in math, dedication, focus, and study groups respectively, the five emerging factors associated with greater student success were: (1) Participation in effective program components that provide practical engineering experience -project or problem-based courses, research experience, and industry internships; (2) A burning desire to become an engineer and reap its economic benefits; (3) Taking advantage of all resources provided; (4) Combining motivation and dedication with effective time management; and (5) Involvement in MEP programs. The results are noteworthy in suggesting that the first and foremost success factor for minorities in engineering is exposure to engineering itself.


Administrative reform policies cutting across several sectors are commonplace in the public sector. However, reform policies do not necessarily result in organizational change. This article examines intra-organizational change within the Austrian Ministry of Agriculture in a longitudinal case study covering a period of three decades, which allows us to study short-term and long term-effects of administrative reforms. Whereas existing research mainly uses single-factor explanations for inter- and intra-organizational change, this article emphasizes the interplay of various drivers of organizational change within government organizations. In analytical terms, we draw on the multiple streams framework to study intra-organizational decision-making which is embedded in government-wide administrative reform policies. We find that reform leads to intra-organizational change when a political entrepreneur is able to couple solutions and problems in a decision window, which may happen decades after the initial reform attempts, underscoring that short-term reform failure may turn into success in a long-term perspective.


The utility model discloses a light corrugated steel-high strength reactive powder concrete combined bridge deck slab. Shear studs (3) are vertically arranged in the concave position in a corrugated steel bottom plate (1), transverse reinforcing steel bars (4) welded with a protruding part of the corrugated steel bottom plate (1) are arranged on the top surface in the corrugated steel bottom plate (1) in the transverse bridge direction, longitudinal bridge direction main steel bars (5) perpendicular to the transverse reinforcing steel bars (4) are paved on the transverse reinforcing steel bars (4), concrete is poured in the corrugated steel bottom plate (1) and the shear studs (3), and the transverse reinforcing steel bars (4) and the longitudinal bridge direction main steel bars (5) are arranged in the corrugated steel bottom plate (1) through the pouring of the concrete. The light corrugated steel-high strength reactive powder concrete combined bridge deck slab is simple in structure, controllable in industrialized production quality, light in structure, high in load-carrying property and good in durability. The bridge deck slab can serve as a light bridge deck slab to be directly used in new bridges with different spans and can also directly replace a damaged old bridge deck slab, due to the facts that self-weight is reduced and reactive powder concrete is good in durability, load-carrying capacity and durability of the structure can be enhanced, moreover, a construction period is shortened through industrialized production, and the speed of construction or the speed of bridge deck slab replacing is improved.


The article examines the mechanisms and consequences of the state campaign for grain and meat procurement, which was one of the reasons for the peasant uprisings in Kazakhstan in 1929–1932. On the basis of archival documents the authors analyze the economic significance of the campaign for grain and meat procurement, their impact on the development of the agrarian sector and the methods of coercion of the peasants of the Soviet regime. The fact that the economic and political measures of the sedentary, seminomadic regions aroused the discontent of the peasants is considered in detail. On the basis of archival data, the repressions against peasants by party, Soviet, investigative and judicial bodies in Kazakhstan are analyzed.


One of the dominant modes of storytelling in the twenty-first century, fantasy can mirror contemporary experiences and convey our anxieties and longings better than any representation of the merely real. It is the lie that speaks truth. This book addresses two central questions about fantastic storytelling: first, how can it be meaningful if it doesn't claim to represent things as they are, and second, what kind of change can it make in the world? How can a form of storytelling that alters physical laws and denies facts about the past be at the same time a source of insight into human nature and the workings of the world? What kind of social, political, cultural, intellectual work does fantasy perform in the world—the world of the reader, that is, not that of the characters? Focusing on various aspects of fantastic world-building and story creation in classic and contemporary fantasy, from the use of symbolic structures to the way new stories incorporate bits of significance from earlier texts, the book as a whole shows how fantasy allows writers to test new modes of understanding and interaction and thus to rethink political institutions, social practices, and models of reality.


Coherent laser-beam addition offers the potential for extremely bright optical sources by combining the power from many individual lasers. Binary-optical elements - surface - relief structures etched into optical substrates by integrated-circuit techniques - have been sucessfully employed in three optical beam addition systems. The techniques can produce diffraction-limited laser sources from large-scale two-dimensional laser arrays. Future electrooptic systems, ranging from communications to space surveillance, can benefit from the new high-power laser sources made possible by coherent laser-beam addition.


The article deals with the practical and theoretical aspects of the neutral status of European countries which are members of the European Union. Correlation foreign policy without pitch neutral participation in the Common European Security and Defence Policy. We consider the concept of neutrality as part of the institutional development of the European security structures. Attention is also focused on interoperability collective enforcement action with the policy of neutrality. Therefore, the object of scientific analysis as was the role of the UN in attracting neutral collective military action of the EU.


"The medical treatment insurance"of the narrow sense in our country currently faces many predicaments,"The difficulty and expensive in seeing a doctor"has become a social problem.However based on the reality that our country placed in the socialism entry-level stage,we should investigate a mode that higher ratio between devotion and production of medical treatment insurance can achieve to guarantee people's health.Whether the public hygiene should be combined with the medical treatment insurance system is a question worthy of much more attention.


The work is for the purposes of studying the legal system which applies to mixed contracts in light of the new provisions of EU and Spanish Law, in addition to the interpretation of this matter by the European Court of Justice.


High pressure water jet technology is a kind of new technology according to the conception of green manufacturing.It is also an integrative technology of the pump,valve,seal,hydraulic pressure and automatic control.High pressure water jet cutting is a non-traditional cool cutting method,which is superior to traditional cutting methods.The principle and composition of NC high pressure water jet cutting machine,the process form of water jet cutting method were discussed,its manufacturing feature,application and developing trend in prospect were illustrated.


Summary form only given. In this paper, we propose an effective quantized block compressed sensing algorithm using projected Landweber based on vicariate shrinkage (BCS PL-BS) for natural images. Moreover, an improved noise variance estimation method is presented by using soft-thresholding vicariate shrinkage model for wavelet-based image demising, which can more effectively estimate the noise variance and achieve better image reconstruction quality. Experimental results demonstrate that the reconstruction performances of the proposed algorithm outperform those of several state-of-the-art compressed sensing algorithms.


Marine propulsion system simulations can be used for a variety of purposes such as machinery performance analyses,maneuvering analyses,machinery control law studies and its parameters determination,equipment health monitoring studies and the development of simulators for education and training.In system simulation application,the selection of tools used for simulation and modeling method are two main points should be considered.Each tool has specific advantages and disadvantages but it alone provides only the platform,it is the modeling method which greatly determines the capabilities and limitations of the simulation.There are many modeling methods had been used in marine propulsion system simulation.In this paper,a modular modeling method is proposed which simplifies the system modeling by providing a breakdown to smaller subsystems and,finally,a real application example is given.


An ultrasonic horn operated at 28 kHz was simulated by finite element analysis. The horns and samples were formed from hypoeutectoid steel containing 0.178 wt% C and 1.3 wt% Cr. They were austenized at 875 °C with a soaking time of 33 min, then quickly water-quenched and oil-quenched. Tempering was performed at different temperatures (200 °C–500 °C) and soaking times (120–240 min). Over the cross-section, the hardness was consistently lower at the center position than at other positions. The maximum (minimum) hardness was achieved after water and oil quenching, tempering at low (high) temperature, and soaking for a short (long) time. Heat treatment decreased the anti-resonance frequency of the ultrasonic horns but increased the mechanical quality factor and the impedance at the anti-resonance frequency. The mechanical quality factor was proportional to both tempering temperature and soaking time. As shown in microstructural images, high mechanical quality was also related to small grain size.


Experiments with liquid single layer culture and sendsolid culture in vitro were performed to evaluate the effect of low dose radiation(LDR) on bone marrow stromal progenitor cells. It was found that after the treatment of LDR the proliferation function of CFU-F increased, the supporting effect of CFU-F on CFU-GM and the adhesive capacity for bone marrow cells enhenced, especially in the groups treated with 50mGy and 75mGy. The results confirmed the homests effect of LDR on bone marrow stromal progenitor cells.


Modified biogeography-based optimisation (MBBO) technique is modified version of BBO which is a bio-inspired and population-based optimisation technique. Biogeography is the study of distribution of species in nature. In this paper, BBO is modified by applying the concept of mutation as extended migration in phenomenon of mutation and prevention of similar habitats. Mutation as concept of extended migration is based on sharing of the information from best solution which controls the diversity among the population limited to the near feasible solution. These make the fine-tuning of the algorithm from one generation to next and converge fast. Fourteen standard benchmark functions are used to demonstrate the performance of MBBO. The results are compared with eight other population-based optimisation algorithms with discrete version of population. The experimental results are analysed using statistical two paired t-test. MBBO performance is also compared with other modified BBO algorithms. To show the capability of MBBO to solve the problems of continuous type, MBBO and other optimisation algorithms are applied as soft computing tool to calculate the resonant frequency of rectangular microstrip patch antennas of different dimensions having various substrate thicknesses.


Considering the scale of global warming, we make an attempt to assess the impact of climate change on Macedonian agriculture. Farmers' adaptation is taken into account by using an alternative specification of the Ricardian model based on the use of aridity indices to capture the non-linear response of farmland values to temperature and precipitation. Econometric results indicate that winter and spring aridity indices influence unit gross returns of crop farms. A decomposition analysis of aridity indices between temperatures and precipitations results in the derivation or marginal responses of unit gross returns of crop farms to seasonal temperatures and precipitations.


The invention discloses a preparation method for danshen root salvianolic acid A, which is characterized in that total phenolic acid in danshen root is converted into the salvianolic acid A by using a certain method so as to greatly improve the extraction efficiency of the salvianolic acid A. The danshen root salvianolic acid A is prepared into tablets, capsules, granules, soft capsules, pellets,pills and oral liquid. Pharmacological experiments show that the salvianolic acid A has good pharmacological effects.


The purpose of this paper is to examine the question: Should educational planners in poor countries devote a fraction of their scarce resources to adult literacy programs and, if so, what fraction?' This question has no answer unless we posit an educational objective. There are many good reasons for conducting literacy campaigns, and there are even more bad reasons; for every reason there is an optimum allocation of resources, and it would be a miracle if different reasons led to identical optima. I will assume that the principal objective of educational planning is to promote economic development, subject to the maintenance of national sovereignty and political stability.2 The choice of this maximand could be defended by citing the priorities laid down in the current regional education plans of Asia, Africa, and Latin America. Instead, I will argue that it is intellectually clarifying to spell out the implications of educational planning geared to economic growth targets. Those who disapprove of my results will, of course, appreciate that the source of the disagreement is the postulated economic bias to educational planning.


Eleven distinct fragments of Clostridium sp. stain F1 (which was isolated and identified in this laboratory) DNA have been cloned in E. coli and shown to express enzymatic activities related to cellulose hydrolysis. Six of the 11 E. coli clones showed endoglucanase activity, 2 showed cellobiohy-drolase activity as well as endoglycanase activity, one showed β-glucosidase activity and the 2 others showed exoglucanase activity as well as xylanase activity. On comparing the restriction maps of the plasmids constructed in this study with those of C. thermocellum genes, it was concluded that 7 of the 11 clones carried hitherto unidentified cellulase genes, i.e., 4 endoglucanase genes, 1β-glucosidase gene and 2 xylanase/exoglucanase genes, and that the 4 other clones carried the same genes as those found in C. thermocellum.


Objective:To study the incidence and clinical features of tibial nerves and its branches'damaged in leprosy.Methods:carefully Examinate 275 cured leprosy patients to find the situation of tibial nerves and its branches damage Results:The incidence of the tibial nerve damage was 54 18%(149/275)or 43 64%(240/550).The incidences of the branch to popliteal fossa and leg,n.cutaneous surae medialis,n.calcanealis,n.plantaris medialis,n.plantaris lateralis were 1 82%(5/275)or 1 09%(6/550),22 18%(61/275)or 17 09%(94/550),38 91%(107/275)or 30 55%(168/550),44%(121/275)or 35 27%(194/550),45 82%(126/275)or 36 91%(203/550)respectively.The damage of the tibial nerve and its branches was relevant to the leprosy type and the diseased period.Sense impairment was more often than motor impairment clinically.Conclusion:The tibial nerve damage mostly manifested the low part damage.Early-detection and early treatment was very important to control the tibial nerve damage.


New method to study the correlation of the human brain compartments based on the magnetic encephalography data analysis was proposed. The time series for the correlation analysis are generated by the method of virtual electrodes. First, the multichannel time series of the subject with confirmed attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder are transformed into the functional tomogram - spatial distribution of the magnetic field sources structure on the discrete grid. This structure is provided by the inverse problem solution for all elementary oscillations, found by the Fourier transform. Each frequency produces the elementary current dipole located in the node of the 3D grid. The virtual electrode includes the part of space, producing the activity under study. The time series for this activity is obtained by the summation of the spectral power of all sources, covered by the virtual electrode. To test the method, in this article we selected ten basic compartments of the brain, including frontal lobe, parietal lobe, occipital lobe and others. Each compartment was included in the virtual electrode, obtained from the subjects' MRI. We studied the correlation between compartments in the frequency bands, corresponding to four brain rhythms: theta, alpha, beta, and gamma. The time series for each electrode were calculated for the period of 300 seconds. The correlation coefficient between power series was calculated on the 1 second epoch and then averaged. The results were represented as matrices. The method can be used to study correlations of the arbitrary parts of the brain in any spectral band.


SDSS(synthetic decision support system) is a major branch of DSS.GA(genetic algorithm) is a new searching optimization algorithm which follows the ideas of natural selection and heredity in creatures' evolution.By analyzing and processing the data in the existed database of pharmaceutical enterprises deeply,we afford a more dependable decision support system for decision makers.


OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of the intensity of signs and symptoms of nasal congestion syndrome on the quality of life of pediatric patients with pneumonia admitted to the General Clinic service of the Baca Ortiz Pediatric Hospital in the second quarter of 2018. MATERIAL AND METHOD: A group of 20 patients (10 women and 10 men) with pneumonia and nasal congestion syndrome; in ages between 5 months and 4 years who underwent the nasal lavage technique, said treatment was applied three times. The variables of measurement were: the intensity of signs and symptoms, the change in vital signs, respiratory mechanics, and assessment of secretion and the impact of the nasal congestion syndrome on quality (evaluated by SNOT-20). The data were taken only once before the application of the technique for the first time and at the end of the third session. RESULTS: After finalizing the protocol of 3 sessions of nasal lavage, each patient was reevaluated with the same methodology. Significant differences were found in the variables: vital signs: where the oxygen saturation increased (p equal to 0.001), the respiratory frequency decreased (p equal to 0.002) being these significant, while the heart rate was conserved in the same values (p equal to 0.677) being non-significant. Respiratory mechanics changed in the three parameters evaluated, the breathing rate changed from buccal to nasal (p equal to 0.004), the thoracic expansion from decreased to conserved (p equal to 0.007), the respiratory pattern from thoracic to upper abdominal or cost- diaphragmatic (p equal to 0.02), all being statistically significant. Regarding the evaluation of the secretion, the change in coloration from greenish or yellowish to hyaline (p equal to 0.003) and consistency of the thick to liquid mucus (p equal to 0.001) was found significant. Finally, the symptomatology decreased, thus increasing the quality of life (p equal to 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The quality of life in children under 5 years of age with pneumonia and nasal congestion syndrome improves after the application of the nasal lavage technique since it reduces the intensity of the symptomatology evaluated by the sub-scales of SNOT-20 and the total of the In addition, the technique significantly changes the vital signs, the respiratory mechanics and the characteristics of the secretion after treatment, therefore at the beginning the quality of life of the children is severely diminished and in the end the quality of life increases.