This paper presents a reversible data hiding scheme based on histogram modification. Distribution of pixel difference is used to achieve high hiding capacity. In order to solve the issue of communicating the multiple peak points to the recipients, a binary tree structure is adopted. Data embedding performed after block division facilitates the marked image quality. Histogram shifting technique prevents overflow and underflow problems. Keywords— Histogram shifting(HS), Least significant bit(LSB)


ABSTRACT This study examines how non-migrant Kashmiri Pandits from the upper caste Hindu community construct the meaning of home and belonging via their lived experiences in relation to the insurgency of 1989 in Kashmir which led to the migration of their community. Literature indicates the meaning of the loss of home and belonging migrant Kashmiri Pandits construct while living in the host places yet the least scholarship is available for non-migrant Kashmiri Pandits. An interpretative phenomenological approach was used to explore the experiences of the participants. A total of 19 participants were selected purposively for the present study. Participants described their experiences pre- and post-insurgency period of 1989. The analysis of the data resulted in two subordinate themes: home and belonging as an emotional space and home and belonging as a socio-political space. These findings, which are based on a phenomenological approach, help to better comprehend the feeling of being a non-migrant Kashmiri Pandit and the anguish that comes with conflict-induced migration.


Abstract : This document is the Final Report for the referenced contract, AI techniques for Plan Revision. It presents the INTACVAL aiding concept and the details of implementation of the INTACVAL system prototype. The report integrates the reporting requirements for the User's Manual (A004), Knowledge Base Manual (A005), and System Manual (A006), as well at the Final Report (A002) . Keywords: Artificial intelligence; Decision aids; Tactical planning aids; Intelligent tactical planning.


chapters. Also lacking is the author's tone of exuberant confidence that echoes through the rest of his book. Kim Hunggyu's Understanding Korean Literature and Kichung Kim's An Introduction to Classical Korean Literature, with their faithful and innovative accounts of Korean literary history, are two of the most recent reminders of the great tradition of Korean literary scholarship. Their works are in keeping with the goal of promoting original research that ventures beyond established convention to expand and reconstruct the canon and context of Korean literature. Notwithstanding weaknesses in their discussions of p'ansori and related oral traditions, and the other minor shortcomings mentioned, these two works would make fine additions to the college classroom.


Purpose: Intentional total spinal anesthesia (TSA) has been used for intractable pain treatment. However, the long-term effect of painrelief is controversial. We investigate the short- and long-term effects of pain-relief by TSA. Methods: Twelve patients with intractable pain participated in a crossover study. All participants received two different treatments in random order at a 30-day interval: iv infusion with 300 mg of lidocaine (iv-Lido), and TSA with 20 mL of 1.5% lidocaine (TSA-Lido). Pain level at rest was scored with the visual analogue scale (VAS: 0–100), and blood pressure and heart rate were measured before and at two hours, 24 hr, seven days, and 30 days after treatment. Plasma lidocaine concentrations were measured at 0.5, one, and two hours. Results: Heart rate and mean arterial pressure during or after TSALido were similar to those before TSA-Lido. Plasma lidocaine concentrations were similar between the two treatments. No significant difference in any value occurred in the iv-Lido treatment. VAS were similar before both treatments (87 ± 6 for TSA-Lido; 86 ± 7 for iv-Lido). After TSA-Lido, VAS decreased significantly until day seven (two hours, 17 ± 22, P < 0.01; 24 hr, 43 ± 20, P < 0.01; seven days, 66 ± 16, P < 0.01). However, VAS returned to the pre-block values 30 days after TSA-Lido. Conclusion: Intractable pain was decreased significantly for several days after TSA, but pain-relief was not sustained.


The article is devoted to methodological problems, the solution of which determines the correspondence of ethno-historiography to the modern level of science, its further successful development. It is shown that she adheres to outdated views on the structure, subjectivity and role of traditional society in the historical process; docs not take into account the new views of philosophy and the theory of history on the essence of local civilization, the mechanisms of its existence, its role and significance in historical processes. It docs not pay due attention to the factor of interethnic relations and their specific (in particular, local civilizational) forms in historical processes. As a result, ethnohistoriography reflects the subjectivity of the ethnos in history only partially. It is also noted that discourses about the processes of formation and development of Russian civilization are contradictory, while ignoring the role and place of ethnic groups in these issues and the lack of representation of ethnic historiography in the discourses themselves about the processes of formation of this civilization.


Thinking about infant development research on infant development the biological beginnings of development pre-natal development birth and the newborn physical growth, nutrition and health the development of the brain and related structures the development of sensory processes motor development cognitive development communication and language emotional development socialization and parenting infant mental health law, policy and ethics.


The spectroscopic features of dye aggregates in organic–inorganic Rhodamine 6G–silica hybrids are investigated in sol–gel prepared type II bulk and thick film samples in the 10−4–10−3 mol l−1 concentration range. No aggregates are observed in film samples irrespective of the dye concentration and the spectroscopic features are ascribed to fluorescent monomers. On the contrary, by means of excitation and emission fluorescence measurements and the analysis of fluorescence decay kinetics the formation of fluorescent aggregates is reported in bulk samples and the geometry of the formed aggregates at the silica surface is discussed on the single exciton theory framework. Beside the distribution of a single emitting specie observed in bulk samples and individuated as oblique J dimers, the analysis of the excitation spectra indicate also the presence of "dark" monomer units. An energy transfer mechanism is hypothesized to explain the interaction of the monomer–dimer pair.


The present invention discloses a method of synthesis aspoxicillin, belonging to the pharmaceutical chemical synthesis. In the present invention, penicillin and amoxicillin D-2- amino-3-propionic acid benzyl protected and as a raw material, by di-tert-butyl protection step, esterification, deprotection of the synthetic aspoxicillin. This method is relatively low toxicity intermediates having used than the previous method, less by-products, fewer steps, an advantage of the environmental pollution.


We report a case of florid polypoid endometriosis presenting with advanced bulky disease in pelvis with serum CA – 125 levels of 7844U/ml. The extent of tumor, CT scan findings, elevated serum CA – 125 levels were suggestive of ovarian malignancy. Histopathology demonstrated endometrial glands and stroma. Glands were neither crowded nor complex and were separated by a fibromatous stroma that contained endometrial stromal cells. These features were consistent with diagnosis of polypoid endometriosis, a recently described entity with a clinical presentation completely different from conventional endometriosis. Our case emphasizes the association of high levels of CA – 125 with benign gynaecologic conditions.


may change the nature of air traffic control is being studied by the Federal Aviation Administration. The $25 million experiment, funded in partnership by government and the airlines, uses a radical new approach to the way pilots relay information to ground controllers: incorporating GPS with a technology that identifies the precise location and identity of other planes, their speed, direction, altitude, their rate of climb and descent, and even their planned route. Using automated dependent surveillance (ADS), a plane automatically radios its position; the receiving station, often a satellite, sends the data. The addition of another layer to the technology— broadcast (B)—would also allow planes to send information directly to other aircraft. ADS-B has an effective range of 140 miles compared to the 14-mile range the FAA's current anticollision system. Bill Blackmer, the director for safety and technology at the National Air Traffic Controllers Association, said ADS-B is very useful but not a "miracle cure." Humans on the ground, not the pilots of competing airlines in the sky, still have to decide who goes first, he said. With a little more work, experts say, pilots will be able to see fuel trucks, tractors and other equipment, even people. The airlines hope the system will be ready for wide use next year.


This thesis takes the form of a continuation and expansion of an earlier work by the
author on the punk genre/subculture. This thesis focuses on the construction of political identity in subcultures. The object, the punk community Taring Babi (meaning �the pigs tusks�) has been based in the south of Indonesia�s capital city Jakarta for nearly 15 years, and functions and operates according to an economic model based on the ethical code of �Do it yourself� (or DIY).
This economic model has been developed and implemented by the collective as an expression of their disagreement and rejection of mainstream capitalist economic models.
This thesis has been based on interviews and observations made with the collective
Taring Babi in Jakarta, between March and April 2011. It takes the form of a qualitative
research project comprised of technical analysis of data using the descriptive analytical method.
The author has attempted to provide a clear description of �field facts� concerning the object and their alternative DIY based economy.
FINDINGS: In all aspects of Taring Babi�s DIY based economic model, the punk
identity continues to plays an overlyingly dominant role, suggesting that this model not only reflects but also strengthen�s the group�s punk identity. Taring Babi has been able to implement and power this economy by utilising concepts of community and collectivity. Furthermore, the DIY economic model takes the form of a successful and in many ways potentially sustainable solution to social dissatisfaction. However, it�s weakness lies in that this system has been adopted from and is thus dependent upon principles of punk culture that have been laid down in the West, and is thus Taring Babi have yet to move on or develop beyond these Western reference points.
CONCLUSION: Uniquely, the DIY discourse has come to accentuate and define the
group�s political identity in two ways


Fungal endophyte is a fungal that lives in plant organism as mutualism association. The role of fungal endophyte is a growth promoter or/and microbial pathogen inhibitor. This study investigated antifungal activity of Colletotrichum truncatum E10, an endophytic fungus derived from Musa acuminata (AAA group), against 7 isolates of Aspergillus obtained from lower respiratory samples of COVID-19 patients. In addition, IAA production of this strain was also observed. All isolates of Aspergillus were identified using MALDI-TOF MS. The fungal endophyte, C. truncatum E10, was screened for IAA induction with and without 0.1, 2 and 8 mg/mL of L-tryptophan based on colorimetric method using Salkowski reagent which produced pinkish to reddish solution indicating the presence of IAA. Antagonist activity was based on dual culture assay measured in colony growth inhibition (CGI). C. truncatum E10 produced the highest IAA concentration of 112.81±0.12 µg/mL when 8 mg/mL of L-tryptophan added.  The strong antagonist activities were shown by C. truncatum E10 against 5 Aspergillus isolates including 2 A. fumigatus: sp442/6 (CGI=57.83±5.11%) and sp269/11 (CGI=53.01±8.52%), 1 A. niger sp26/7 (CGI=57.83±15.33%) and 2 A. flavus: sp26/7 (CGI=56.63±13.63%) and sp36/7 (CGI=57.23±0.85%), whereas the colony growth inhibition (CGI) of other 2 isolates including A. fumigatus sp567/6 and A. flavus sp269/11 were less than 50%. In this study, C. truncatum E10 produced substances that inhibited human fungal pathogen including A. fumigatus, A. flavus and A. niger. Moreover, it can produce IAA activity. Further investigations are being conducted to expand the plant growth promotion effects and determine IAA biosynthesis pathway. For antifungal activity, the bioactive metabolites produced by this endophytic fungal isolate should be characterized to specify the effective compounds.
Asian Australas. J. Biosci. Biotechnol. 2023, 8 (2), 23-29


Two hundred thirteen cytochrome P450 (P450) genes were collected from bacteria and expressed based on an Escherichia coli expression system to test their hydroxylation ability to testosterone. Twenty-four P450s stereoselectively monohydroxylated testosterone at the 2α-, 2β-, 6β-, 7β-, 11β-, 12β-, 15β-, 16α-, and 17-positions (17-hydroxylation yields 17-ketoproduct). The hydroxylation site usage of the P450s is not the same as that of human P450s, while the 2α-, 2β-, 6β-, 11β-, 15β-, 16α-, and 17-hydroxylation are reactions common to both human and bacterial P450s. Most of the testosterone hydroxylation catalyzed by bacterial P450s is on the β face.


The influence of water stress on photosynthesis of Acanthopanax Senticosus were planted in the field was discussed.Light response of four-year-old trees under stress for water deficiency and removement by irrigation was studied in spring in the field.photosynthesis became weaker or lost temporarily in spring drought,water evaporation could be reduced in shade and the adverse effect could be resolved by irrigation.


This paper is aiming to review some machine learning tools and to see if support vector machines (SVM) are accurate in 3D MRI images. We intend to show that 3D images can be converted into 2D and by considering machine learning techniques and SVM tools. According many research and database, 3D images are more informative than 2D ones, however working with 3D images is time consuming and requires specific programs and coding. In this research work and next which case study is under progress, we try to see the benefits of having a 3D database but to use 2D vectors only for comparison and more accurate results. This case study helps to gain better outcome. Support vector machines (SVM) can be a useful tool during the diagnosis process, however to be able to make better assumptions, more tests are needed. The technology can be viewed as detailed because it is usually applied in the discrimination of the blocks found in the areas of MS lesions and the regions which are not affected by the lesions. Primarily, to correctly segregate the different areas the textural background plays a crucial part in elevating the effectiveness of the imaging concept. In this case, the study of the slice blocks should be done comprehensively as it aims in ensuring that the type of results provided showcases the exact situation of the individual suffering from the ailment.


1present the results of the Flec-SL study in which shortterm (4-week) antiarrhythmic drug treatment with fl ecainide after cardioversion was less eff ective than was long-term (6-month) treatment for recurrent atrial fi brillation (AF). First, Kirchhof and colleagues state that, although not non-inferior, shortterm treatment with fl ecainide had about 80% of the 6-month eff ect of long-term treatment and thereby prevented most AF recurrences. Indeed, several studies have shown that most recurrences of AF occur within 1 month after cardioversion, 2 which accounts for this important short-term eff ect. Second, only 2·1% of the study population received verapamil. We are disappointed that concomitant use of verapamil was not required in this study, because a combination of fl ecainide and verapamil has been shown to signifi cantly reduce AF recurrences compared with fl ecainide alone. 3


C. Barry Knisley A.F. Conway C. Barry Knisley, a professor biology at Randolph-Macon College, Ashland, VA 23005, received his B.S. in Biology from Pennsylvania State Univ. and his M.S. and Ph.D. in Entomology from Rutgers Univ. After teaching 10 years at Franklin College, Indiana, he came to Randolph-Macon in 1979, teaching courses in ecology, entomology, field biology and student research. Knisley is a member of several scientific and environmental organizations. His recent publications on the ecology and taxonomy of tiger beetles appeared in Ecological Entomology, Southwestern Naturalist, Transactions of the American Entomological Society, Oikos and Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington. Arthur F. Conway received a B.S. in Biology from the College of William and Mary in 1968 and a Ph.D. in Biology from the Univ. of Miami in 1973. He taught at Iowa State Univ., Hobart and William Smith Colleges and Virginia Commonwealth Univ. before joining the Biology Department of Randolph-Macon College as an assistant professor in 1979.


Although we know much about the dynamics of midlevel updraft rotation—the defining characteristic of supercell thunderstorms—the details of how near-ground rotation arises and is amplified to tornado strength remain a challenge. I will review our current understanding of the origins of rotation in supercells and the requisites for tornadogenesis. I also will discuss the challenges for forecasters and what strategies are likely to be most fruitful given the current state of our understanding. I will conclude by mentioning what I believe are some of the most important outstanding questions pertaining to tornadogenesis and the relationship between tornadic storms and their parent environments.


In many seasonally reproducing animals, the experience of prolonged exposure to constant photoperiods results in the induction of a state of photorefractoriness, which is defined as a lack of responsiveness to a previously stimulatory photoperiod. The physiological and genetic processes that control photorefractoriness are not well understood; however, the hallmark of photorefractoriness is an endogenous change in the physiological response to a constant photoperiod. It is already known that preoptic area (POA) gnrh1 gene expression declines during the development of refractoriness to long‐day stimulation in European starlings. We employed in situ hybridisation histochemistry to characterise changes in POA gnrh1 mRNA expression during the reinstatement of photosensitivity in female starlings. Photorefractory starlings moved to short days (8L:16D) increased optical density of gnrh1 expressing cells within 10 days. Exposure to 30 short days resulted in greater visible gnrh1 cell numbers, with no detectable change in measures of ovarian follicular volume and oviduct mass. We subsequently examined the extent of gnrh1 expression in response to photostimulation after incremental periods on short day lengths. A significant long‐day‐induced increase in both gnrh1 expression and ovarian and oviduct mass occurred only after at least 30 short days. These findings demonstrate that the recovery of photorefractoriness involves an increase in gnrh1 mRNA expression and expands upon our previous knowledge that the development of photosensitivity is associated with an increase in both the precursor proGnRH1‐GAP and GnRH1 peptides in the POA. Importantly, the change in the brain sensitivity occurs well before such changes can be detected via variation in ovarian activity.


In higher education, the desire to internationalize has created demands for an internationalized academia to use English increasingly in teaching outside the English native-speaking world. Given this situation, perhaps other criteria for measuring successful communication should be considered than that of the native-speaking minority. With lecturers whose native language is not English increasingly teaching their subjects through English, there is a growing need to develop adequate measures for this purpose and situation as the current normative standards are no longer tenable. Establishing adequate measures for this purpose and situation are relevant to institutions facing the challenge of providing EMI courses and programs while ensuring credible quality control. In order to determine what criteria might be adequate for assessing spoken professional English in an international context, this study investigates self-assessments of professional language in relation to language ideologies. The study involves English-medium instruction (EMI) in the field of engineering and takes place at a Finnish university. Using a mixed-methods approach, the study employed an explorative strategy that involved a concurrent design. The two methods were used in parallel and the results integrated at the interpretation phrase. This approach provides a general picture through microand macrolevel analyses: the self-perceptions of EMI lecturers (i.e. qualitative) and their students' perceptions of English in lectures (i.e. quantitative). The investigation employs a bottomup approach, and is primarily qualitative. The findings are based on authentic data: videorecorded interviews and lectures, their transcriptions, and a questionnaire. The findings show that EMI lecturers have two basic representations of their English: A) when they compare their English to native-like targets, they find fault with their English, and B) when they think of themselves in their normal work environment, they see their English as working rather well. Certain language ideologies induced type A discourse, including standard language and NS language ideologies, and others induced type B discourse, such as English-as-a-global-language ideologies. The results from the student questionnaire also support interpretation B. Since meaningful testing should reflect the target situation, what my informants say in the type B discourse is relevant to developing assessment criteria. Their views to Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR) scales are also extremely useful in pointing the way towards the central elements upon which relevant assessments for professional English in an international environment should be based. The conclusions indicate a comprehensibility goal over native-likeness for assessing spoken professional English in an international context. The study outlines some criteria relevant for assessing spoken English for this purpose and situation.


The developments in micro-nano-electronics, biology and neuro-sciences make it possible to imagine a new world where vital signs can be monitored continuously, artificial organs can be implanted in human bodies and interfaces between the human brain and the environment can extend the capabilities of men thus making the dream of Dr. Frankenstein become true. This paper surveys some of the most innovative implantable devices and offers some perspectives on the ethical issues that come with the introduction of this technology.


Abstract: This research aims to understand: 1) The communication intensity level at Ayam Bawang Cak Per Restaurant, Malang Branch; 2) The employee performance at Ayam Bawang Cak Per Restaurant, Malang Branch; and 3) To know the communication influence between branch managers to employees on employee performance at Ayam Bawang Cak Per Restaurant, Malang Branch. This research used quantitative methods in the process and consist of two variables, dependent and independent. Communication is the independent variable and employee performance is the dependent variable. The research sample was taken 99% of the total population 51, but due to the time and situation, the sample taken was only 40 employees of each division. The result showed that: 1) The communication intensity level between branch managers and subordinates was at a moderate level with a percentage of 75% of 30 employees; 2) The employee performance level was at the medium category with a percentage of 65% of 24 employees; and 3) There is a significant influence between communication on employee performance at Ayam Bawang Cak Per Restaurant, Malang Branch.


K. Shibata, X. Z. Yu, T. Hara, D. Morikawa, N. Kanazawa, K. Kimoto, S. Ishiwata, Y. Matsui and Y. Tokura 1 Department of Applied Physics and Quantum-Phase Electronics Center (QPEC), University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan, 2 RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako 351-0198, Japan, 3 Surface Physics and Structure Unit, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan.


Abstract The use of content-based language instruction (CBI) offers an innovative and effective method for teaching core geographic concepts and skills while students study a second language. This article focuses on a collaborative initiative developed and tested by university and high school level geography and second-language educators. The goal of the MOSAIC project is to develop and disseminate rigorous instructional modules using CBI to reach students in language classrooms who may or may not ever enroll in a stand-alone geography course.


We investigated the performance under <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\gamma $ </tex-math></inline-formula>- and X-rays of an optical-fiber-based distributed dosimeter consisting of an embedded optical time-domain reflectometry (OTDR) interrogator operating at 1610 nm and a phosphorus-doped, single-mode, size-reduced optical fiber (OF). Results show a linear response from <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$10^{-3}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> to <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$10^{2}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> Gy(SiO2), a proper functioning of the interrogator at least up to doses of 80 Gy(SiO2), and performances comparable with standard-sized distributed dosimetry systems found in the literature.


This paper presents discontinuous pulse width modulation (DPWM) scheme for a modular multilevel converter (MMC) to achieve an advanced switching losses reduction. The MMC is considered to be one of the most attractive multilevel topology for high-power applications because of the features of its high power quality, modularity, and availability. However, the MMC has large switching losses because of the huge number of switching devices. To reduce the switching losses, the novel DPWM scheme with additional clamping intervals is proposed in this paper. Furthermore, a rotation scheme for voltage balancing and power distribution of sub modules (SMs) is also proposed. The effectiveness of the proposed switching losses reduction ability is verified by simulation results.


I conclude that the press played much more than an instrumental role in relaying the Tea Party brand and that this study highlights the specific ways in which the distinctions between campaigners, political strategists, and news media professionals are becoming increasingly irrelevant. At its core, the Tea Party news story was a narrative that questioned authenticity in a branding environment, a cultural text indicative of a period marked by skepticism, terrorism, anxiety, and doubt about both the virtual and physical worlds (and their interplay). These news narratives provide insight into American culture and expose the function of the press and political news in an era marked by advances in digital technology and media segmentation.


The invention discloses a structure of a contact roller for a sanding machine. The contact roller comprises a short shaft head, a roller and a long shaft head, wherein spiral grooves in the roller have the unified direction of turning, the spiral angle of the spiral grooves is changed to the 30-degree angle from the original 45-degree angle, the depth of the spiral grooves is changed to 2 mm from the original depth of 4 mm, the wall thickness is increased to 35 mm from 27 mm, so that the cutting axial component force is reduced, and the directions are opposite and are cancelled out. Through the design, the rigidity of the roller is improved, the load cutting capacity is improved, the section of the natural frequency of vibration is changed and the possible resonance on one point when a board is sanded is avoided. The using cost is reduced, the working efficiency and the board precision are improved, and the occurrence of a sanding defect is reduced.


Internet is an open platform,where netizens can make comments on some ideas or issues free.However,Internet takes on its own characteristics: acentric,emanative and polydirectional,which results in lacking of gate-keepers,and diverse situations.In sum,group polarization on the Internet is increasing.


Widely used as a legal basis with the medical record,medical record window service has also become an important part of the hospital external services.Measurements such as comfortable environment、strong awareness of the law and theability to dispel doubts,and humanization servic can provid a high quality of user-friendly service.Thus modle of service can not only construct the harmonious doctor-patient relationship but also improve medical quality and management level.


Purpose - – The purpose of this paper is to examine partner specialization effects on audit fees in the US audit market. Design/methodology/approach - – This study exploits the unique environment created from the demise of Andersen to examine the effect of partner specialization on audit fees in the US audit market. An ordinary least squares regression was estimated from a sample of ex-Andersen clients that assumingly followed their ex-Andersen audit partner to the new audit firm. Findings - – The results show significant positive relations for both audit partner- and office-level specialization and audit fees and suggest that auditor specialization at both the partner- and local office-level demand a fee premium in the US audit markets. Furthermore, the results do not show a significant difference between partner- and office-level specialization effects on audit fees. Originality/value - – This study contributes to the audit quality literature by examining the effects of auditor specialization at both the office and partner levels on audit fees within a developed market. The results of this study should be of interest to academics, investors and regulators and help them in their assessments of audit quality.


ation and the Srpska Republic, will embark their legitimacy having been endorsed by the electoral process upon the process of legislation, including the fields of labour law and privatisation. The trade unions in both parts of the country were previously parties to the warring factions, while before the war their leading representatives had worked together in a joint organisation. This constellation of circumstances gives rise to numerous complications and psychological burdens, which cannot simply be cast to the winds in the interests


This mini- review describes the development and application of fluorescent probes in tumor research by using FCM. Combined with two- ,three- color or multicolor fluorescent probes,FCM can identify and characterize tumor cells through the analysis of cell membrane antigens,cell cycle,DNA ploidy and cell apoptosis. Furthermore,this technology could detect the onset and determine the best therapy procedure for tumor. At the same time,this paper provides some suggestions for developing novel fluorescent probes on the basis of comparing the superiority and localization of the distinct ones,expecting to improve the precision and extent of FCM applied in measurements of tumor cells.


It has become a recent trend that large volumes of data are generated, stored, and processed across geographically distributed datacenters. When popular data parallel frameworks, such as MapReduce and Spark, are employed to process such geo-distributed data, optimizing the network transfer in communication stages becomes increasingly crucial to application performance, as the inter-datacenter links have much lower bandwidth than intra-datacenter links. In this article, we focus on exploiting the flexibility of multi-path routing for inter-datacenter flows of data analytic jobs, with the hope of better utilizing inter-datacenter links and thus improve job performance. We design an optimal multi-path routing and scheduling strategy to achieve the best possible network performance for all concurrent jobs, based on our formulation of an optimization problem that can be transformed into an equivalent linear programming (LP) problem to be efficiently solved. As a highlight of this article, we have implemented our proposed algorithm in the controller of an application-layer software-defined inter-datacenter overlay testbed, designed to provide transfer optimization service for Spark jobs. With extensive evaluations of our real-world implementation on Google Cloud, we have shown convincing evidence that our optimal multi-path routing and scheduling strategies have achieved significant improvements in terms of job performance.


We investigated the pulsed laser ablation of metallic (Al), semiconductor (Si), and wide bandgap dielectric (LiNbO 3 ) targets in air at normal atmospheric conditions by using 4.5 ns pulses at 532 nm wavelength. We determined the dependence of the ablation rate on the pulse number and laser fluence. The number of consecutive laser pulses hitting the target on the same area was between 5 and 40, and the laser fluence was varied in the range of 10-250 J/cm 2 by changing the irradiated area at the target surface. We find that the ablation rate of the three targets is approximately constant when the pulse number is smaller than 15. Further increase of the pulse number leads to a decrease of the ablation rate, the fastest decrease of the ablation rate with pulse number being observed for the dielectric target. The dependence of the ablation rate on the laser fluence indicates two different regimes. In the first regime, which is for values of the fluence smaller than the threshold value (~70 J/cm 2 for Al, ~90 J/cm 2 for Si, and ~180 J/cm 2 for LiNbO 3 ), the ablation rate increases approximately logarithmically with the fluence. In the second regime, characterized by values of the fluence greater than the threshold value, there is a steep increase of the ablation rate. This sudden jump of the ablation rate at the threshold fluence is due to the transition from normal vaporisation to phase explosion, and to the changes in the dimensionality of the plasma-plume hydrodynamics from one-dimensional to three-dimensional.


The objective of this research is to extend the geodetic mathematical model which was developed for persistent scatterers to a model which can exploit distributed scatterers (DS). The main focus is on the integer leastsquares framework, and the main challenge is to include the decorrelation effect in the mathematical model. In order to adapt the integer least-squares mathematical model for DS we altered the model from a single master to a multi-master configuration and introduced the decorrelation effect stochastically. This effect is described in our model by a full covariance matrix. We propose to derive this covariance matrix by numerical integration of the (joint) probability distribution function (PDF) of interferometric phases. This PDF is a function of coherence values and can be directly computed from radar data. We show that the use of this model can improve the performance of temporal phase unwrapping of distributed scatterers.


Temporal effects of focusing have been investigated in two-syllable and longer Swedish words. Words are lengthened in focus, though to a varying degree by different speakers. Even if stressed syllables are the most affected, the domain of lengthening appears to be the word.


We answer affirmatively the following question of Derek Holt: Given integers l, m, n ≥ 2, can one, in a simple manner, find a finite set Ω and permutations a, b such that a has order l, b has order m and ab has order n? The method of proof enables us to prove more general results (Theorems 2 and 3).


Massive multiple input multiple output (MIMO) systems are a promising technology for next generation wireless communications due to their ability to increase capacity and enhance both spectrum and energy efficiency. To utilize the benefit of massive MIMO systems, accurate downlink channel state information at the transmitter (CSIT) is essential. Conventional approaches to obtain CSIT for frequency-division duplex (FDD) multi-user massive MIMO systems require downlink training and uplink CSI feedback. However, such training results in large overhead for massive MIMO systems because of the large dimensionality of the channel matrix. In this paper, we investigate the channel estimation problem in FDD multi-user massive MIMO systems with spatially correlated channels and develop an efficient channel estimation algorithm that exploits the sparsity structure of the downlink channel matrix. The proposed algorithm selects the best features from the measurement matrix to obtain efficient CSI acquisition that can reduce the downlink training overhead compared with the conventional LS/MMSE channel estimators. We compare the performance of our proposed channel estimation method with traditional ones in terms of normalized mean square error (MSE). Simulation results verify that the proposed algorithm can significantly reduce the pilot overhead and has better performance compared with the traditional channel estimation methods.


Palmitic acid-1-C14 in olive oil was fed to rats, and after absorptive periods of 1 1/2, 4 and 5 hours the animals were exsanguinated. Chylomicron-free plasma or blood diluted with urea solution wa...


Technology plays the major role in healthcare system, not only for recording parameters through sensory devices but also in communicating, recording and displaying the measured parameter. It is very important to monitor various medical parameters and post operational data. To access the patient's medical parameters in local and remote area, healthcare communication using Internet of Things (IoT) method is adapted. The main objective of this paper is to transmitting the patient's health monitoring parameters through wireless communication. These input data are uploaded in cloud server and transmitted to the computer and mobile for doctor's reference. The data from microcontroller is transmitted to cloud server through M2M gateway. In this paper, three parameter viz., heart beat rate, temperature and stress level are monitored and transmitted. The healthcare system setup is simulated using Proteus software, and the parameters are viewed by remote health app and M2M patient monitoring screen.


Citanest represents an agent which definitely justifies further study and clinical usage. It has as its primary characteristics, rapid onset, good spread, and adequate duration. At this time its greatest characteristic is our impression of a definitely wider therapeutic index as it concerns the ratio of the amount of drug that may be administered to the amount of drug that causes toxic reactions. Though methemoglobinemia may be a complication of its use in large doses, we feel that this is not a contra‐indication to the drug's use but rather a factor worthy of further study because it seems to be reversible and not significantly frequent in the usual clinical dosage range.


Abstract Missile embolization is a rare phenomenon with most cases reported in the literature as a consequence of direct or indirect vascular trauma. Despite their characterization as toys, traumatic injuries from pellet guns are associated with significant rates of morbidity related to their vascular and neurological complications. We present a 9-year-old boy who was shot in the chest with a pellet gun and suffered a femoral arterial occlusion and a delayed stroke in the middle cerebral arterial distribution.


Purpose: To create a more effective algorithm for evaluating the publication activity of lecturers in comparison with the existing algorithms for the formation of the Hirsch index and ghp-index. Methods: The algorithm includes a mathematical description of all published works of the lecturer and their citations. The results of the scientific activity of the lecturer are reflected using the matrix form of recording statistical source data, consisting of citations for each published work of the author. The sequence of citations of publications in the matrix is determined by the non-increasing nature of citations in subsequent publications compared to the previous ones. The constructed matrix of the distribution of citations S by published works is rebuilt into a block matrix, which includes the following block matrices: H is the base matrix defining the Hirsch index; G is the matrix of significant publications located above the Hirsch matrix; P is the matrix of less-cited works of the lecturer; O is the zero matrix. The formed matrices have allowed the introduction of the following indices using Euclidean norms: h — Hirsch index, g — index of significant publications and p — index of intensive work. In turn, these indices have allowed to determine the following as Euclidean norms: gh — the index of basic significant publications, hp — the index of intensive work of a lecturer and a comprehensive ghp-index that takes into account all the published works of a lecturer and all their citations. The ghp-index has been improved by introducing weighting coefficients for its constituent indices. Results: The ratings of a team of 20 lecturers has been formed using a sample from the RSCI with the help of the Hirsch index and the A-ghp index. It is shown that the proposed algorithm is more effective in comparison with the Hirsch index and other introduced indexes. Practical significance: The conducted research has allowed to substantiate the possibility of using an improved comprehensive index to distribute the incentives of a team of lecturers in a differentiated and fair manner according to their rating. The algorithm aims to improve the scientific and methodological activities of lecturers by providing fair and accurate ranking of the members of their collectives.


The cognition of pedestrian to sculpture is not only related to the self characteristic of sculpture,but also related to motion cognition characteristic of pedestrian in linear space by the recognizability of pedestrian to every sculpture and constructions around in sculpture,and the importance of organic combination of environmental design and commercial function of commercial street was discussed,so as to guide the sculpture design in commercial shopping pedestrian street.


traumatic shock is a serious trauma caused by shock type,in serious trauma(such as disasters,such as the injuries polytrauma) infectious, neurological,cardiac performance is often mixed with shock or existence.With a complex,difficult treatment,this paper,from the first-aid and nosocomial presented in the rescue in the treatment of traumatic shock using damage control surgery(DCS) the idea,including damage control surgery(DCO) and restrictive fluid resuscitation,can prevent the further development of traumatic shock,improve the rescue The success rate.


Electronic business is as same as the development of logistics,no logistics support,electronic commerce is an armchair strategist,so the development of logistics is very important.In recent years,the rapid development of electronic business caused logistics bottlenecks problems,through some facts to instruct the importance of logistics development under the electronic commerce,and in the light of each of the electronic commerce logistics problems put forward the corresponding measures,such as by taking the development content online,the fourth party logistics and electronic business information platform and other measures,to draw the logistics of electronic commerce development direction.


The filoviruses — Ebola (EBOV) and Marburg — are two of the most feared human pathogens because of their high lethality and the lack of effective


We propose to utilize a microfiber string to isolate the tunneling of acoustic waves between a membrane frame and its holder. The displacement response of the membrane frame with and without the vibration isolation is characterized using an optical interferometer. A displacement power suppression of 40 dB is achieved around the fundamental mode frequency of the membrane. We demonstrate that the Q factor of a SiN membrane microresonator with our vibration isolation method can reach 1.78×106 in room temperature.


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This invention relates to processes of mak ing cellulose esters of carboxylic acids. One object of the invention is to provide a process of such general applicability that the cellu lose esters of many different organic acids, even those of high molecular weight, may be prepared by means of it. Another object is to provide such a process in which organic acids containing the acidic groups for the esters may be used directly without the trouble and expense of preparing their anhy drids or chlorids. A further object is to pro vide such a process in which a high propor tion of the acidic groups available for the 5 cellulose ester is actually combined into the ester, without being wasted. Another object is to provide a cellulose-esterifying process in which, as a main initial ingredient, there is an anhydrid of an organic acid, which an 20 hydrid does not contain a cellulose-esterify ing group or hydrolyze to an acid containing such a group, in other words, the anhydrid impels esterification without contributing any groups to the esters produced. 25 Another object of the invention is to pro vide a relatively simple process which will be rapid economical and easily controlled. A still further object is to provide a process which will esterify, not only easily esterified 30 cellulosic bodies, such as hydrocellulose and reverted cellulose, but can also and prefer ably utilize substantially undegraded cellu lose, such as cotton, surgical cotton wool, tis sue paper from cotton stock, and even sulfite 35 wood pulp, thereby producing cellulose esters of higher quality. Another object is to pro vide such a process in which the ingredients form a liquid active esterifying bath at tem peratures which do not substantially impair 40 the cellulose or the cellulose esters. A still further object is to provide a process which, as it proceeds, produces a solvent that helps to keep the esterifying ingredients in proper solution. Other objects will hereinafter ap


This work is devoted to the study of energy technological parameters of heat pump utilization of exhaust gases heat from rotary kilns in production of building materials for heat technology and industrial heat supply. This goal is achieved due to the proposed new approach to the crea-tion of energy-saving technology and improvement of the heat supply system based on the in-tegration of contact-recuperative and thermal transformer heat recovery. The most important results are as following: a modified dependence of the conversion coefficient, an effective system for removing the waste gas heat for industrial and urban heat supply, a thorough as-sessment of the energy efficiency of the developed system, the dependence of the actual con-version coefficient on the energy technological parameters, as well as a rational degree of the exhaust gases pre-cooling, depending on their initial temperature and ratio of water consump-tion of the systems for technological and household purposes, and the range of their preferred ratio. The relationship between the consumption of the heating and heated medium in the pro-cess of the contact interaction has been substantiated. The results obtained differ from those existing by the complex accounting of the energy technological parameters in the analytical so-lution of the task. The practical significance of the results of the proposed technical solution lies in the fact that they can significantly reduce the consumption of the burned fuel due to a substantial expansion of the energy potential of the recovered heat, reduce heat, dust and gas emissions.


We explore the possibility of enhancing the decay 2' + e+ey with a hard photon through the existence of an excited spin f lepton coupling to 2' and 7 while remaining consistent with constraints on these couplings from data on e+e--+77andg-2. F or an excited lepton mass less than the 2' mass, we find that the rate can be enhanced but does not peak for high photon energies. We set lower limits on the couplings for the case of the excited lepton heavier than Z", as a function of mass of the heavy lepton. --.. Recent data from the UAl and UA2 collaborations' at CERN SPS has hinted at the possibility of some new physics in the interactions of the 2' 's and W 's beyond that of the standard model. These experiments find 3 of their 14 2' events to include a hard photon. This is a far higher proportion of .@e-7 events than can be accounted for within the standard model with radiative corrections.2 On the other hand, the number of radiative W decays observed seems to be compatible with the standard model. Of course, before any firm conclusions can be drawn, more data must be obtained and studied. Pending this, we here address the possibility of enhancing the decay


Turbulent flows around three-dimensional obstacles are common in nature and occur in many applications including flow around tall buildings, vehicles and computer chips. Understanding and predicting the properties of these flows are necessary for safe, effective and economical engineering designs. This paper presents the review of 3D flow around a rectangular cylinder using large eddy simulation as the turbulence model and the computational study is developed in the frame of the Benchmark on the Aerodynamics of a


Inspired by the Marcus theory of electron transfer, electrical conductivity equations without reference to any specific materials are derived on the basis of Eyring's rate process theory and the free volume concept. The basic assumptions are that electrons are assumed to have a spherical physical shape with an imaginary effective radius inferred from the latest experimental evidence; electrons traveling from one equilibrium position to another obey Eyring's rate process theory; and the traveling distance is governed by the free volume available for electrons to transport. The derived equations fit very well with experimental data, and seem to trend consistently with the currently observed experimental phenomena, too. The obtained equations predict that superconductivity happens only when electrons form certain structures of a small coordinate number like electron pairs, with the coordinate number equal to 1 at low temperatures, which is in line with the popular Cooper pairs concept in the BCS theory for superconductivity. The current work may provide new insights into the rich conductive behaviors at low temperatures.


Abstract Marxist philosophy of education plays a key role in contemporary education in China, serving as an important theoretical foundation for reforms. With a history of more than one hundred years in China, Marxist philosophy of education has gone through three major historical stages: emergence (before 1949), localization (from 1949 to 1979), and new development (after 1979). Looking back and reflecting on the exploration of Marxist philosophy of education in China, it can be found that the following problems still remain to be solved: first, the dogmatic tendency of Marxism still needs to be avoided; second, the study of the original classics of Marxism is not enough; third, there is no adequate response to major practical problems in education; and fourth, there is no adequate interdisciplinary and international academic exchange.


STUDY OBJECTIVES
We investigated whether patient adherence to positive airway pressure (PAP) was significantly different between groups whose PAP machines were dispensed by a traditional durable medical equipment supplier (DME group) versus those provided directly by an integrated sleep practice (ISP group).

METHODS
This was a retrospective cohort study that analyzed 3884 patients (ages 18-64) who were set up with a new PAP for sleep disordered breathing (SDB). The channel through which PAP was dispensed (DME vs ISP) was chosen as part of the natural course of treatment, making patient choice and third-party payor likely important selection factors. We analyzed whether the groups had significant differences in adherence rates and nightly usage duration after 30 days, 90 days, and 1 year of therapy.

RESULTS
The ISP group had a significantly higher rate of PAP adherence at 30 days (71% vs 66%; p=0.004), 90 days (66% vs 56%; p<0.00001), and 1 year (52% vs 33%; p<0.00001) following initiation of PAP, relative to the DME group. There was a significantly higher duration of PAP use among the ISP group at 30 days (357 vs 345 minutes; p = 0.002), 90 days (348 vs 319 minutes; p<0.00001), and 1 year (312 vs 164 minutes; p<0.00001).

CONCLUSIONS
This study suggests improved short- and long-term PAP adherence rates among patients who received PAP through an integrated sleep practice. As current healthcare trends drive sleep medicine practices to adopt chronic care management models, further studies are needed to better understand the tradeoffs of receiving PAP through traditional DME providers.


This paper highlights a systematic bias in white matter tissue microstructure modelling via diffusion MRI that is due to the common, yet inaccurate, assumption that all brain tissues have a similar T2 response. We show that the concept of "signal fraction" is more appropriate to describe what have always been referred to as "volume fraction". This dichotomy is described from the theoretical point of view by analysing the mathematical formulation of the diffusion MRI signal. We propose a generalized multi tissue modelling framework that allows to compute the actual volume fractions. The Dmipy implementation of this framework is then used to verify the presence of this bias in two classical tissue microstructure models computed on two subjects from the Human Connectome Project database. The proposed paradigm shift exposes the research field of brain tissue microstructure estimation to the necessity of a systematic review of the results obtained in the past that takes into account the difference between the concepts of volume fraction and signal fraction.


Quaternization reaction of tertiary amines with benzyl chloride was investigated. Reaction orders with respect to the reactants were determined. Kinetic scheme of quaternization reaction was found to be corresponding to reversible process. An influence of amines basicity and steric factor of alkyl substituent bound to the nitrogen atom on tertiary amines reactivity as nucleophiles was studied. It was shown that the rate constants of direct reaction step may serve as a measure of nucleophilicity of amines.


Many anti-cancer and antiviral drugs currently used are either unable or inefficient in their ability to pass through the blood brain-barrier and to enter and maintain therapeutic drug levels in brain. The low bioavailability of these drugs is a limiting factor in their use. In order to overcome these limitations, we ester-linked various anti-cancer and antiviral drugs to ceramide and phosphatidylcholine and created prodrugs possessing therapeutic attributes lacking in the parent compounds. This resulted in greater cellular uptake and prolonged retention of these prodrugs in vitro. Likewise, prodrug concentration was greater and retention time longer than the parent drug in the brain, testes and thymus of mice. Another major goal in drug development is discovering compounds that have efficacy against a specific microorganism or virus without significant side effects. For example, many potentially good drugs cannot be used because they are either toxic to uninfected cells or they cannot be restricted to a certain part of the body. If a drug could remain inert unless and until it is inside an infected cell, many of the common problems associated with drug treatments would be solved. In an attempt to address this problem we are developing a method by which a drug will be released only in cells that are infected with a particular microorganism or virus. The methodology makes use of the fact that microparticles are ingested by macrophages. Cell-specific treatment can be achieved by combining a drug with a microparticle using microorganismspecific enzyme substrates. Thus, release of active drug will occur only in the presence of enzymes specific to the target virus or microorganism. In the uninfected macrophage drug remains bound to the microparticle and is inactive. In the infected cell active drug is released by enzymatic hydrolysis. Potential CELL. BIOL. MOL. LETT. Vol. 5. No. 1. 2000 120 applications for this technology include all diseases in which pathogens are resident in macrophages and other phagocytic cells.


Abstract Background: A paternity disagreement analyzed with 15 autosomal microsatellite markers indicated allele sharing between the mother, questioned child and the alleged father generating an inconclusive paternity result. Design and methods: In total, 15 autosomal and 17 Y tandem repeat loci were analyzed using AmpFlSTR Identifiler, AmpFlSTR®Y-filer™ kits followed by six microsatellite markers on X chromosome in DNA extracted from peripheral blood samples of the mother, questioned child and alleged father. Results: Microsatellite analysis examined with 15 autosomal short tandem repeats (STRs) indicated at least one allele sharing at 14 loci between the mother, questioned child and alleged father except for the TPOX locus where a paternal-child allele mismatch was observed. Y chromosome investigations using 17 repeat markers signified the case as non-paternity (exclusion). A complete match of the six X chromosome loci in the questioned child with the mother was observed. Conclusions: Our investigations on inconclusive paternity due to atypical allele sharing in autosomal microsatellites were resolved with X- and Y-chromosome STR analyses confirming the case as non-paternity. Clin Chem Lab Med 2008;46:1586–8.


Entropy generation in unsteady magneto‐bioconvection Casson nanofluid flow with gyrotactic microorganisms in the presence of Cattaneo–Christov heat and mass flux theory is analyzed. Buongiorno nanofluid model is followed taken into account the influences of viscous dissipation, Brownian motion, and thermophoresis. Mathematica is used to compute the transformed equations through homotopy analysis method (HAM) resulting from the implementation of similarity transformations on governing equations and boundary conditions. The effects of pertinent parameters on different profiles are shown in graphs and discussed in detail.


1.1 & 1.2 GLOBOCAN 2000* 1.3 WHO/TDR Image Library/Crump 1.4 GLOBOCAN 2000* 1.5 CDC Public Health Image Library, Atlanta, USA/Dr. Edwin P. Ewing, Jr. 1.6 Anna White, Coordinator, Global Partnerships for Tobacco Control, PO Box 19405, Washington, DC 20036, USA 1.7 & 1.8 GLOBOCAN 2000* 1.9 & 1.10 IARCPress 2.1 A. J. Sasco, IARC 2.2 B.W. Stewart, Australia 2.3 SPL/Cosmo 2.4 WHO Digital Photo Library/H. Anenden 2.5 Reprinted from Eur J Cancer, Vol. 35, F. Levi, F. Lucchini, E. Negri, P. Boyle, C. La Vecchia C, Cancer mortality in Europe, 1990-94, and an overview of trends from 1955 to 1994, 1477-1516, copyright 1999, with permission from Elsevier Science 2.6 P. Boffetta, IARC/American Cancer Society, E.C. Hammond (1966) Natl Cancer Inst Monogr, 19:127204; T. Hirayama (1985) A cohort study of cancer in Japan. In Blot WJ, Hirayama T, Hoel DG eds. Statistical Methods in Cancer Epidemiology. Hiroshima, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, 73-91 2.7 Reprinted from Eur J Cancer Prev, Vol. 8, M. Pandey, A. Mathew, M.K. Nair, Global perspective of tobacco habits and lung cancer: a lesson for third world countries, 271-279, Copyright 1999, with permission from Elsevier Science 2.8 Adapted from C.J.L. Murray et al., Tobacco, in C.J.L. Murray and A.D. Lopez (1996)Quantifying Global Health Risks: the Burden of Disease Attributable to Selected Risk Factors. Cambridge, Harvard University Press 2.9 A.D. Lopez N.E. Collishaw, T. Piha (1994) A descriptive model of the cigarette epidemic in developed countries. Tobacco Control, 3:242-247, with permission from the BMJ Publishing Group 2.10 P. Boffetta, IARC 2.11 A.M. Thompson, UK 2.12 P. Boffetta, IARC/IARC Monographs Programme 2.13 D. Jernigan, Marin Institute, California, USA 2.14 Adapted from A.J. Tuyns, J. Estève, L. Raymond, F. Berrino, E. Benhamou et al. (1988) Cancer of the larynx/hypopharynx, tobacco and alcohol: IARC international case-control study in Turin and Varese (Italy), Zaragoza and Navarra (Spain), Geneva (Switzerland) and Calvados (France), Int J Cancer, 41(4):483-491 2.15 D. Jernigan, Marin Institute, California, USA 2.16 Graphics and Audiovisual section, NCI Office of Cancer Communications, USA 2.17 2.19 IARCPress 2.20 Groupe Charbonnages de France; HBL Audiovisuel/ Synchro 2.21 & 2.22 IARCPress 2.23 Pan Photographics, Via Le Pietre 15, Vico Equense, NA 80069, Italy 2.24 WHO Digital Image Library/PAHO/Armando Waak 2.25 Pascale Dia, IARC 2.26 WHO Digital Image Library/H. Anenden 2.27 2.31 R. Montesano, IARC 2.32 IARCPress/T.W. Kensler, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Hygiene and Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA 2.33 H. Ohgaki, IARC 2.34 Wellcome Trust Medical Photographic Library, UK 2.35 IARCPress 2.36 "Chernobilinterinform" 1996, 255620 Chernobilinterin form, 1996 (25560, Chernobil, Kiev region, B. Chmelnitcky street, 1a) 2.37 Pan Photographics, Via Le Pietre 15, Vico Equense, NA 80069, Italy 2.38 NRPB (2001) ELF Electromagnetic fields and he risk of cancer, Vol. 12. No. 1, National Radiogical Protection Board, Chilton Didcot, Oxon OX11 OPQ, UK 2.39 H. N. Ananthaswamy, Department of Immunology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, Texas 77030, USA 2.40 USA Environmental Protection Agency 2.41 Public Health Image Library CDC, USA/Dr Erskine Palmer 2.42 Wellcome Trust Medical Photographic Library, UK 2.43 By permission of Oxford University Press, H. zur Hausen (2000) Papillomaviruses causing cancer, J Natl Cancer Inst, 92(9): 695. Adapted from H. zur Hausen (1991) Human Papillomaviruses in the Pathogenesis of Anogenital Cancer, Virology, 184, 9-13. 2.44 & 2.45 IARCPress 2.46 Public Health Image Library, CDC, USA/Dr Edwin P. Ewing, Jr. 2.47 & 2.48 S. Franceschi, IARC 2.49 Copyright of the American Society for Investigative Pathology. F. Chisari (2000), Viruses, Immunity and Cancer: Lessons from Hepatitis B, Am J Pathol, 156, 11181131 2.50 IARCPress 2.51 Public Health Image Library, CDC, USA/Dr Edwin P. Ewing, Jr. 2.52 Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy; Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Heidelberg, Germany; National Institute of Public Health and Environmental Protection (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands


texts that offer opportunities for fluent forgetting than she does addressing how such substitutions are actually made. I found myself, throughout the chapter, questioning this oversight. Tribble's second chapter also includes an interesting, but oddly placed, discussion of how memory effects could have produced the variations of Hamlet's "bad quarto." She devotes the rest of the chapter to elaborating the connections among gesture, memory, and the embedded gestures of playtexts, paying special attention to Thomas Kyd's The Spanish Tragedy. Chapter 3 focuses on the training of young actors. Tribble first dissects the plays for depictions of novice and amateur actors to demonstrate that the key distinctions of early modern theatrical expertise are the recognition that verbatim line learning is not a crucial task of acting (a point also demonstrated by Chapter 2's discussion of fluent forgetting), and the ability to cope with contrary audiences. After presenting our current knowledge on theatrical apprenticeship (drawing primarily on the work of David Kathman to do so), Tribble returns to her examination of the playtext, pointing to its inclusion of devices and tactics for on-the-job training of younger actors. These include, for example, simpler cues, attaching characters to a smaller set of potential scene partners, and building in more repetition across lines, all of which reduce the cognitive load of novices, thereby freeing up mental resources to develop situational awareness. Finally, in her conclusion, Tribble turns to current "original practices" companies to test further her system-based model of "cognitive ecology." She finds that as some parts of the early modern cognitive ecosystem cannot be recreated with twenty-first-century actors, various changes must be made to that system in order to maintain a low cognitive workload. Minor flaws in her second chapter aside, Tribble has produced a remarkable book, one that is well written and compelling. The science she employs is well explained and absolutely integral to her project. In an interdisciplinary area where many scholars are still trying to figure out effective approaches and goals, Cognition in the Globe presents a successful model, demonstrating that such interdisciplinary work can be of profit to all its component disciplines.


Atelectasis, often known as collapsed lung, is a commonly encountered medical emergency. This case study identifies three different types of atelectasis and how they apply to the law of LaPlace. Different mechanisms include collapse from forces outside the lung parenchyma, a reduction in alveolar size from exudative reactions, and an increase in alveolar surface tension. All three mechanisms result in the condition of atelectasis. All three mechanisms can be illustrated as variables in LaPlace's equation. Physiological causes and treatment considerations are discussed for each type.


Intelligent reflecting surfaces (IRSs) are regarded as key enablers of next-generation wireless communications, due to their capability of customizing the wireless propagation environment. In this paper, we investigate power-efficient resource allocation for IRS-assisted multiuser multiple-input single-output (MISO) systems. To minimize the transmit power, both the beamforming vectors at the access point (AP) and phase shifts at the IRS are jointly optimized while taking into account the minimum required quality-of-service (QoS) of the users. To tackle the non-convexity of the formulated optimization problem, an inner approximation (IA) algorithm is developed. Unlike existing designs, which cannot guarantee local optimality, the proposed algorithm is guaranteed to converge to a Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) solution. Our simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm compared to baseline schemes and reveal that deploying IRSs is more promising than leveraging multiple antennas at the AP in terms of energy efficiency.


Abstract Analytical tools for the preconstruction technical design and postconstruction management of a dairy enterprise are presented. The enterprise is represented as a network of production processes with alternative operating technologies and scale of operation as technical parameters of environmental loads and cash flow. The operating technologies of the network are represented by material conversion coefficients and energetic cost functions. Generalized laws of material and energy balance are used to define an on-line management accounting system for recording resource and product flows, physical energy, and human time involved in the production process. Cash flow and value added are computed from the technologies of the network, prices of material and energetic resources, and costs of operating facilities. A microcomputer application was developed to evaluate the environmental loads and the economic consequences of alternative technologies, product prices, and amortization schedules for facility and equipment costs. The concepts and analytical tools presented for the design and management of dairy enterprises provide a framework through which scientists across disciplines and producers across product lines can work together to increase overall farm profitability and to reduce environmental loads.


The invention discloses a high-flux cell electrical fusion microfluidic chip device based on a microporous microelectrode array, which consists of a microelectrode microporous array chip and a microfluidic cover plate with top electrodes. In the invention, a micro electro mechanical system (MEMS) processing technique is adopted, and a microporous microelectrode array is constructed on a quartz substrate by using both a microelectrode array and a polymer microporous array; the microporous microelectrode array can better control cell pairing, so that a pair of cells fuses in each micro pore; the array structure can improve the flux of cell fusion; and the materials used for making the device disclosed by the invention have high biocompatibility and corrosion resistance and can ensure the reliability of chip and improve the safety of cell fusion. The device can be widely used in fields of genetics, animal and plant distant hybridization breeding, development biology, medicine screening, preparation of monoclonal antibody, mammalian cloning and the like.


The utility model relates to a sound insulating and absorbing panel which is characterized by comprising a panel arranged at an outer frame, a support layer and a back panel; a sound-absorbing layer with the thickness of 50 to 150mm is arranged between the panel and the support layer, and a cavity with the thickness of 100 to 300mm is arranged between the back panel and the support layer; the panel adopts a metal pore plate with the thickness of 0.5 to 1.2mm, the porosity of the panel is 3 percent to 5 percent and the aperture thereof is 0.4 to 1mm; and the support layer is a plate mesh and the back panel is a metal plate with the thickness of 1 to 4mm. The sound insulating and absorbing panel adopts a micro-perforated plate as the panel, adds the cavity at the back of the sound-absorbing material as a resonant cavity and leads the sound absorbing and the sound insulating to be combined, thus improving the whole sound-absorbing performance and having significant effect of sound-absorbing and vibration-reducing; simultaneously the sound insulating and absorbing panel can realize the selection of sound absorbing and insulating range and effect with different frequency by adjusting the thickness of the sound-absorbing layer and the cavity in different using occasions, thus being capable of being widely used for various occasions needing sound absorption and insulation.


Chemical treatments affecting fiber properties that influence cotton processing efficiency arc discussed. A broad range of chemical treatments and various methods of applying them to precleaned cotton are covered. Increases in fiber friction improve fiber parallelization and reduced roving twist requirements, but are detrimental to carding performance and yarn properties. Reduction in friction improves spinning efficiency.


Laboratories in Canada, New Zealand, Germany, Netherlands and South Africa have cooperated in a programme to determine the alkali reactivity of the same aggregate-cement combinations by the ASTM c 227 mortar prism method. Four of the laboratories recorded similar, low expansions after one year, while significantly greater expansion was recorded in South africa.(a) for the covering abstract of the conference see IRRD 811982.


The paper I present reflects within the art project "En mis trazos están los otros" that Imeda Montiel develops together with a group of young people in the eastern part of Mexico City. Through Imelda's work, I analyze the spatial practices generated by this group of skaters as visual culture production. I use Imelda's project to think over the pedagogical relation that is woven between these young people, Imelda and I.


This note ties the Laguerre continued fraction expansion of the Tustin fractional discrete-time operator to irreducible Jacobi tri-diagonal matrices. The aim is to prove that the Laguerre approximation to the Tustin fractional operator s-ν (or sν ) is stable and minimum-phase for any value 0 <; ν <; 1 of the fractional order ν. It is also shown that zeros and poles of the approximation are interlaced and lie in the unit circle of the complex z -plane, keeping a special symmetry on the real axis. The quality of the approximation is analyzed both in the frequency and time domain. Truncation error bounds of the approximants are given.


Awareness of the increasingly tight business competition map of industry era 4.0 has made many business organizations in Indonesia busy preparing themselves, particularly those related to the development of human resources, to be ready to compete in the global era. Many global companies with diverse business units have made human resource development a key strategy for dealing with global competition so as not to be drowned by the changing of times.


The rate of evaporative water loss (EWL) of the Australian tree frogs Litoria caerulea and Litoria chloris was evaluated over the temperature intervals 25°–50° C and 25°–47° C, respectively. At 25° C, EWL of L. caerulea averaged 7.5 mg g⁻¹ h⁻¹ and that of L. chloris averaged 4.2 mg g⁻¹ h⁻¹. These values are much lower than those measured for similar-sized North American arboreal frogs. Consonant with these results, the cutaneous resistances to water vapor flux (ri) of these Australian frogs were much higher than those usually associated with amphibians, averaging 9 and 39 s cm⁻¹ for L. caerulea and L. chloris, respectively. At air temperatures above 40° C, the ri of L. chloris declined directly with temperature rise and averaged 2.5 s cm⁻¹ at 47° C. Body temperatures of L. chloris maintaining their water-conserving posture were stable and averaged 3 7.9° C at air temperatures from 43° through 47° C Such properties indicate a high degree of physiological thermoregulation by the canopy-dwelling L. chloris.


Virtual learning environments (VLEs) are widely used in higher education nowadays, but an effective evaluation system is still absent to consider users experience and constantly improve VLEs. In this paper, the researchers refer to interviews and other researches to select multiple indexes. Then the Likert scale is used in the questionnaire and factor analysis-principal component analysis is carried out using SPSS. Finally, the equations which illustrate the connection between the principal indexes and other indexes are formed and weights of each indexes are determined. Accordingly, the comprehensive evaluation system for VLEs is completed.


Alkner et al. have provided interesting data in their recent article [1]. Amplified in breast cancer 1 (AIB1) may play a major role in tumor growth and progression in a number of other systemic malignancies besides breast carcinomas. A similar association is seen in pulmonary malignancies. Nearly 37.5% of all lung cancers test positive for high levels of AIB1 [2]. The incidence of overexpression is higher in men in comparison to women. AIB1 overexpression is closely related to tumor cell proliferation. The incidence of AIB1 expression is pretty much the same in lung adenocarcinomas as well as lung squamous cell carcinomas. AIB1 overexpression is thus closely associated with overall poor clinical outcome. AIB1 expression is also closely associated with lymph node staging. Not surprisingly, decreased survival rates are seen in patients with AIB1 overexpression. Similar relationships are seen in prostatic malignancies. Interestingly, a close relationship exists between the risk of developing prostatic malignancy and the CAG/CAA repeat length in the AIB1 gene. In fact, the CAG/CAA repeat length of the AIB1 gene serves as a significant marker of prostate cancer when used in conjunction with the CAG/CAA repeat lengths in the androgen receptor gene [3]. Downregulation of AIB1 is associated with decreased cdk2 expression. Similar relationships are seen in ovarian malignancies. Increased tumor invasiveness is seen in ovarian carcinomas that overexpress AIB1. Nearly, 65% of all ovarian malignancies express AIB1 [4]. Interestingly, increased AIB1 expression is associated with upregulated p53 expression. Overexpression of AIB1 is associated with higher tumor grade as well as stage. Also augmented Bcl-2 expression is typically seen with increased AIB1 expression. More malignant behavior is typically seen in ovarian tumors that express a shorter AIB1 genotype. For instance, the time to disease recurrence in a recent study was 15 months in those with shorter AIB1 genotypes in contrast to 30 months in those with a longer AIB1 genotype [5]. It is obvious from the above examples that AIB1 plays an important role in tumor progression and pathogenesis. Further studies are needed to fully understand its role in other systemic malignancies.


Parental testing using DNA fingerprint technique is a very important and reliable forensic evidence to prove the paternity relationship. In this case study, DNA paternity test, using standard possibilities calculation, without the father's sample was used to determine the relation between mother and child. Other medico-legal issues such as inform consent, criminal law and civil law also discussed in this article.


This article examines three related approaches to understanding Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). The idea that trauma disrupts belief systems is a current widely accepted theoretical perspective on PTSD. However, it may be that beliefs founded on the inner realizations are less disrupted by trauma than are beliefs formed from interaction with the environment. Some of the psychological attempts to interweave spiritual understanding with psychological thought are examined in relationship to traumatic experience. Finally, the mystical perspective is recommended not only as a way of understanding internally based beliefs but as an important process for all therapists working with the traumatized. "Since you are properly a clod, you will not rise into the air; you will rise into the air if you break and become dust." "I was snow and I melted, so that the earth drank me, till I became a mist of soul that I might climb to the sky." -Unknown Turkish dervish Hazrat Mevlana Jellal Ud Din Rumi's Urs Marin, California, 1989


Values of ionic transport numbers and ionic mobilities were determined for the fused system KCl-PbCl2. Cation transport numbers of 0.24 (525°C) and 0.78 (850°C) were found for PbCl2 and KCl, respectively. In each mixture studied tdeviated positively and both t+ and t++ deviated negatively from linearity when plotted against equivalent fraction. The initial very rapid depression of total equivalent conductance from that of pure KCl, caused by addition of small amounts of PbCl2, was found to be due to the depression of the ionic conductance of K+ rather than complexing between Pb++ and Clas had been previously supposed. Values of 0 were comp~red with those in the system LiCl-PbCl2, calculated from available literature data. This report is available at Iowa State University Digital Repository: http://lib.dr.iastate.edu/ameslab_iscreports/181 I :towQ.; sc. ftL rsc.'tl/'f ISC-944 UNITED ENERGY COMMISSION TRANSPORT NUMBERS AND ION MOBILITIES IN THE FUSED SALT KCl-PbC12 By Richard A. Fleming F. R. Duke


A rapid deforming technique is developed to generate three-dimensional multi-block dynamic attached meshes. A second-order accuracy Runge-Kutta time stepping is used to solve structural equations of motion and a dual-time method is applied to the finite-volume element method for unsteady Euler equations to calculate the aerodynamic forces, in which the physical time step is synchronous with the structural equations of motion. In a real-time step, a five-stage Runge-Kutta time stepping is applied to the fictitious steady iterations. Because of mass dissimilarity exiting in flutter calculations for a compressible flow, a method of variable mass and variable stiffness is developed to calculate the fluttering dynamic pressure at the point of mass similarity, and the flutter characteristics are then obtained in accordance with similarity rule. For completeness, the transonic flutter characteristic results, calculated using the method, are presented for a simplified fighter model.


Abstract : This article concerns the automation of design and technological production preparation in the USSR. The 'Man-Machine' principle is chiefly discussed; this embodies the concept of a computer-human designer team which jointly designs various articles of production. The proposed automated design system includes mechanized and automated information retrieval, narrowly specialized information synthesis, augmentation of initial information, compilation of design documentation and reproduction of the same.


Current passenger ship evacuation modelling is mostly based on mechanical simulation, which tends to ignore passengers as active agents. However, maritime safety doesn't concern only the technical side of ship safety and more attention should be paid to the appropriate interaction between environment and people under emergency. This is important because, human survival depends on their perception and interpretation of the environmental and societal cues. Comparing and contrasting the subjective perception of passenger with the physical environment helps us understand the safety environment more comprehensively during an accident. Therefore, this study uses passenger ship accident investigation reports to map environmental factors, which have an impact on human behaviour under emergency. Current research revealed that in emergency people trust more in their own perceptions and intuition than given instructions. Human behaviour is guided by instinctual urge to get away from the danger, while rational thinking needed in way finding is secondary. Furthermore, if there's a lack in safety instructions people tend to follow each other's, which often results crowding in places that should be untrammelled in order to ensure efficient evacuation. Current evacuation modelling doesn't consider human-environment interaction in acceptable level and given insight to affect of the human cognition on the evacuation process can be used to develop evacuation analysis onwards.


In this digital era, the product of technology such as tablet PC, iPad, Smartphone, computer, internet access and electronic book reader are close in our daily life. This article highlights the benefit of using electronic picture story book. Electronic picture story book is one of the tools that can be used in teaching reading for young learners in the literacy activity. It is development of modern education which integrates with technology. Electronic picture story book can be helpful as a supplement to the language.Young learners have their own perspective in comprehending a message. They have different way to transfer what they have in their mind. By having visualization, young learners will more enthusiastic and interested to read in order to get good stimulation through their imaginations. Electronic picture story book could be considered an aggregation of multi-pages, responsive and lively multi-media (includes information of characters, picture, voice , sounds effects, music, animation, etc). Visual aids in electronic picture story book are helpful for getting the information and mental representation. Electronic picture story book could become innovative and creative as their guide in the literacy activity. This article offers the potential ways to build children' reading enthusiasm through electronic picture book.


The article analyzes the potential of Russia's "soft power" and its main content components, such as education, ideology and language influence. The author's point is that despite the presence of an impressive potential of soft power, Russia begins to lose positions not only in the far abroad, but also in the post-Soviet space. It is concluded that the reasons for the failures in many areas (including foreign policy) is the state of Russian management personnel. Research and practice clearly demonstrate that the effectiveness of management is directly predetermined by the quality of management decision-making, which in Russia is at a depressingly low level since the culture of thinking in our country is in decline. It is proved that the management of our country consists of people who, firstly, are not professionals, and secondly, are not united by a common integrative idea. This is the source of many failures in the application of "soft power" even in the CIS.


The cycle between two replacements based on condition monitoring is discussed. Models representing a condition dependent failure rate function reflecting the information in a monitoring parameter a ...


The nose is the most prominent feature of the human face; hence, any defect in this area is noticeable. Being exposed to the sun, the nose is a common site for skin tumors, especially basal cell carcinomas and squamous cell carcinomas. Excision of these lesions may leave the nose with a substantial defect of soft tissue, and part of the skeleton may be scarified as well. The ideal nasal reconstruction should bring tissue that matches well with the uninvolved skin both in structure and in color. The scars should be well hidden, and the possibility of using a cartilage graft in the same procedure should be reserved. Minimal donor-site morbidity is also desired. Most of the textbooks and many articles1–3 deal with various techniques for nasal reconstruction. From the previously described methods, it appears that the forehead flap has gained the highest popularity as having most of the characteristics required for the ideal nasal reconstruction. We present our novel approach of dealing with the forehead flap for nasal reconstruction.


Min-Cheol Lee, 2, 3, ∗ Inho Kwak, 2 Yeongseon Lee, Bumjoo Lee, 2 Byung Cheol Park, 2 Thomas Wolf, Tae Won Noh, 2 and Kyungwan Kim † Center for Correlated Electron Systems (CCES), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA Department of Physics, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, Republic of Korea Institute for Quantum Materials and Technologies, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany (Dated: October 18, 2021)


The biometric parameters of the internal guts that make up the respiratory system of eight Southern Caracara of both sexes, with different weights and ages were studied. The birds were sacrificed, dissected and the visceral components of the respiratory system were exposed into a plane surface. The length was measured with the support of a millimeter based measuring gauge, and the weight was obtained via electronic precision scale. For the purpose of statistical analysis the T Student test was used with a significance level of P≤0.05. The female Southern Caracara, larynx was significantly larger than in males. The trachea is small length than in chickens and that, the relationship between the corporal weight and the trachea and the lung's weight of the caracara are greater than the Gallus gallus domesticus.


Radical modernism 1914-18 modernity and revisionist modernism in the 20s the absent city - Paul Nash the end of painting - Wyndham Lewis nostalgia and mourning other voices - the conquest of representation.


A pair of primers were designed and synthesized according to the published S1 gene of avian infectious bronchitis virus(IBV).The full-length S1 gene was amplified by RT-PCR.The complete nucleotide sequence of S1 gene was about 1 700 bp.The sequence analysis indicated that the biggest ORF of S1 gene was between 12 to 1 685 bp and coded 557 amino acids.There were some replacement,insertion and deletion in S1 amino acid sequence at the position of 19-292 amino acids of KIBVXJ strain.The sequence of S1 cleavage site is HRRRR,which was consistent to the characteristic of the epidemic IBV strains in China.By comparing the S1 gene of KIBVXJ strain with the attenuated virus vaccine strains,the nucleotide homology was 73.8%-74.2% and the amino acid homology was 74.9%-76.0%.The genetic evolution analysis showed that KIBVXJ strain had far relationship with the vaccine strains and had the closest relationship with the strains which isolated in recent years.


Gesture is an important feature of social interaction, frequently used by human speakers to illustrate what speech alone cannot provide, e.g. to convey referential, spatial or iconic information. Accordingly, humanoid robots that are intended to engage in natural human-robot interaction should produce speech-accompanying gestures for comprehensible and believable behavior. But how does a robot's non-verbal behavior influence human evaluation of communication quality and the robot itself? To address this research question we conducted two experimental studies. Using the Honda humanoid robot we investigated how humans perceive various gestural patterns performed by the robot as they interact in a situational context. Our findings suggest that the robot is evaluated more positively when non-verbal behaviors such as hand and arm gestures are displayed along with speech. These findings were found to be enhanced when the participants were explicitly requested to direct their attention towards the robot during the interaction.


The simulated shark fin was simulated from tilapia fishtail and sodium alginate,the simulation technology was investigated in this paper,the effects of tilapia fishtail powder,calcium chloride concentration,sodium alginate concentration and time were studied,using orthogonal test to optimize the main process parameters. Results indicated that the optimal conditions were as follows: calcium chloride0.6%,90 minutes,sodium alginate 8%,tilapia fishtail powder 11%. Under those conditions,the stimulated shark fin has the similar quality to the rewatering shark fin.


Provided is a resin film which can be firmly bonded to a fabric material that is formed of chemical synthetic fibers or natural fibers such as Japanese paper, nonwoven fabric, woven fabric or tatami matting, while having extremely low water vapor permeability and oxygen permeability, and which is capable of imparting the fabric material with aptitudes for automobile interior materials, rail car interior materials, members for residential houses or members for household electrical appliances. Specifically, the present invention is a resin film (10) which is characterized by being configured of: a fusion bonding/filling layer (12) that is formed of an olefin resin which has a melt flow rate of more than 0.5 g/10 min but less than 54.0 g/10 min (the MFR is measured at 170°C under a load of 2.16 kg), and which contains a modified polyolefin resin; and a function layer (14) that is formed of a thermoplastic resin and is laminated on the surface of the fusion bonding/filling layer (12).


SummaryAdjuvant arthritis has so far been observed only in rats. It was attempted successfully to induce this disease in mice and hamsters. The incidence of arthritis was 28 per cent. In comparison to the disease in rats, the course tended to be milder and biphasic; the symptoms on the front paws were relatively severe. The period of latency and the histological picture resembled those in rats. It is concluded that adjuvant arthritis is a non-species-specific form of delayed hypersensitivity reaction, the antigen of which is as yet unknown.


An organolithium addition–intramolecular α-amidoalkylation sequence on N-phenethylimides has been developed for the synthesis of fused tetrahydroisoquinoline systems using 1,1′-bi-2-naphthol (binol)-derived Brønsted acids. This transformation is the first in which activated benzene derivatives are used as internal nucleophiles, instead of electron-rich heteroaromatics, generating a quaternary stereocenter. Phenolic substitution on the aromatic ring of the phenethylamino moiety and the use of binol-derived N-triflylphosphoramides as catalysts are determinants to achieve reasonable levels of enantioselection, that is, up to 75% enantiomeric excess, in the α-amidoalkylation step. The procedure is complementary to the intermolecular α-amidoalkylation process, as opposite enantiomers are formed, and to the Pictet–Spengler cyclization, which allows the formation of tertiary stereocenters.


Shape schema grammars generalize parametric shape grammars so that both rules and the objects to which they apply are expressed with shape schemata. This paper defines shape schema grammars. It starts with a notation for schemata in general and shape schemata in particular. Schema equality is shown to have at least three possible definitions, of which schema consistency is the most useful. A limited notion of shape schema maximality potentially reduces the size and redundancy of a given schema. Shape schema subpart is a multifunction returning all of the possible ways that one shape schema can be embedded in another. Shape schema difference and addition complete the basic mathematical operations over shape schemata required to define shape schema rules, grammars and languages.


In this paper, study the preparation of Y-Fe alloy by reduction-diffusion process, which is novel technique for producing an alloy from its ores directly at different temperatures. From this work, investigates the particles size and morphology structure of alloy by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Energy dispersive-X-ray analyzer (EDAX) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) respectively. Here study the thermodynamics of property of system such as Gibbs free energy and reaction kinetics of system respectively. The Vibrating Sample magnetometer (VSM) is used to study the magnetic properties of alloy such as cocerviety, saturation magnetization and retentivity.


Non-synthetic media is an alternative medium that utilizes ingredients found in nature. The chemical content of these ingredients is not known in detail but can be used because they are abundant in nature, easy to prepare and inexpensive. Several research results used alternative media from natural ingredients such as cassava starch for the growth of Aspergillus niger and Fusarium oxysporum , cowpeas, green beans, black soybeans, and soybean, ganyong, gembili and arrowroot , cereals, and beans . Purpose This study was to determine the seeds of mango arum sweth (Mangifera indica L.) can be used as an alternative growth medium for Candida albicans and Aspergillus sp. This research was conducted using an in vitro laboratory experimental method. The results showed that the medium mango seed (Mangifera indica L.) which had an average number of Candida albicans colonies was 1.12 x 106 cfu / ml while the medium mango seed arum sweet (Mangifera indica L.) in 72 hours incubation, the best diameter was obtained, namely 35 mm So it can be concluded that mango seed media (Mangifera indica L.) can be used as an alternative growth medium for Candida albicans and Aspergillus sp.


We examine several methods to allocate radio frequency channels across a cellular network. In this paper we consider centralized channel assignment strategies that utilize global network traffic information. The channel assignment methods considered are linear programming, quadratic programming, and a heuristic algorithm to assign resources given the network traffic loading. Each method attempts to assign resources, under frequency reuse constraints, to achieve a desired target performance measure for the network. The network performance measures used in this paper are the average and maximum probability of blocking across the network. We compare the performance of a linear highway network and a planar network using our assignment methods to those of uniform fixed channel allocation (FCA) for non-uniform network traffic loading. We show that under non-uniform traffic loading a better grade-of-service can be provided to network subscribers than by fixed channel assignment.<<ETX>>