The mechanism and the course of high temperature corrosion of refractory castable based on alumina cement and mullite aggregate was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and high temperature X-ray diffraction (HT-XRD). The low carbon monoxide resistance leads to the material failure at temperatures significantly lower than it can be supposed from the used raw materials. The carbon stored in the refractory material as the consequence of equilibrium Boudouard Bell reaction is concentrated in the matrix – the opening material interface where the low temperature eutectic melts under reduction condition were formed. In paradox the grain of opening material considered as the temperature more resistant phase is dissolved at first and it forms the melts penetrating the matrix, hence the opening materials grain is replaced by cavity.


The k ε − turbulence model and the VOF method of moving interface tracking have been used to generate the wave. By two-way iterative method, the fluid structure interaction between wave and steel pipe pile platform has also been simulated numerically by using ANSYS Workbench. And a comparison among the results of wave force in one-way coupling and two-way coupling as well as code method has been made, thus a reference is provided for the calculation of wave in engineering. And four sets of influence coefficients were simulated respectively, which include the transverse coefficient of three parallel piles and the shelter coefficient of three tandem piles, and a comparison of transverse coefficient among numerical simulation and code has been made. It is found that the wave shelter effect on front and rear piles is greater than that of the middle pile, and the transverse coefficient of the parallel piles is affected by the wave superposition effect. Keywords—VOF method; the two-way coupling; wave; transverse coefficient of piles; shelter coefficient of piles


To the Editor: In the largest study on laparoscopic gastrectomy, published in the November issue of Annals of Surgery, Kim et al report on 1237 patients with early gastric cancer who underwent a laparoscopy-assisted distal gastrectomy (LADG) with standardized D2 lymphadenectomy. The authors evaluated the safety of the procedure and particularly the role of comorbidity in surgical outcomes. Overall, in-hospital postoperative mortality was 0.6% and morbidity was 13%. This study raises 2 critical questions for Western evidence-based medicine. First, can LADG become a standard approach in the absence of randomized controlled trials? Second, in the age of personal genomics and global gene expression profiling, how may complete genome scans and predictive biomedicine influence adjuvant therapeutic decisions toward personalized treatment of gastric cancer? Will a local laparoscopic gastrectomy and a systemic patient-tailored adjuvant treatment guide the future management of gastric cancer? Indeed, laparoscopic surgical resection and selection of the best combination of empirical chemotherapy and targeted agents represent the primary goals for improving both quality of life and long-term survival. Open D2 gastrectomy has been the standard of care for localized gastric cancer in Japan and Korea. Two recent pivotal studies for advanced stage II/III gastric cancer from Japan were recently published in the NEJM. The first phase III randomized controlled trial, compared D2 lymphadenectomy alone or D2 plus para-aortic nodal dissection. No patient received adjuvant treatment; Sasako et al report the best global 5-year survival results of approximately 70% in both groups. On this basis, that is, no survival benefit derived from D2 plus para-aortic nodal dissection, D2 surgery has been the standard approach. The second, a phase III randomized trial compared D2 surgery alone versus D2 surgery plus postoperative S-1 adjuvant chemotherapy. Due to a significant difference in the 3-year survival rate in favor of S-1 chemotherapy, which was assessed in the planned interim analysis, the study was stopped. D2 plus S-1 postoperative chemotherapy is the standard treatment of stage II/III gastric cancer in Japan. Yet, similar results have not been achieved in Europe or United States. Worldwide, quality of surgery plays a predominant role in local control and favorable outcomes for gastric cancer. But, in the absence of evidence from positive randomized trials, there is still controversy on the potential survival benefit of D2 gastrectomy. Data are still limited whether perioperative, preoperative only, or postoperative chemotherapy should be added to D2 surgery or limited D1 gastrectomy. Locoregional tumor control is important for improving both recurrence-free survival and overall survival. Therefore, every effort should be made to prevent local or nodal recurrence due to standardized D2 surgery in the West taking lessons from the excellent results reported with D2 surgery from Japan. Precondition however, is that this procedure can be safely and efficiently applied by high-volume surgeons. Laparoscopic D2 gastrectomy demands the highest level of a surgeon's skill and experience. Kim et al confirm that this is a retrospective multicenter study. Only 10 surgeons from 10 hospitals in Korea performed the LADG. The surgeons' experience in laparoscopy-assisted gastrectomy and comorbidity were related to postoperative local complications. Does laparoscopic gastrectomy affect survival of patients with early gastric cancer? Although there is some skepticism about a potential negative effect, it appears that survival in closed gastrectomy is as good as it is in open gastrectomy. However, there is no evidence that laparoscopic gastrectomy improves survival. Despite this absence of survival benefit, laparoscopic D2 gastrectomy will attract more patients in the future, due to its apparent superiority in early postoperative quality of life, when compared with open D2 surgery. Given that no survival benefit can be expected from a change of open to closed D2 gastrectomy, research efforts have reliably focused on personal genomics, genetics, genome-wide association studies (GWAS), and predictive biomedicine toward a patient-tailored treatment strategy. Indeed, in the age of personal genomics, personalizing decisions on extent of surgery and adjuvant systemic treatment of solid cancer begins to seem like a realistic goal reachable in the near future. Human genetic variation makes each of us unique. Similarly, genetic variants like single-nucleotide-polymorphisms and copynumber-variations may be involved in cancer initiation and recurrence. If this is true, then identifying these variants may lead to the development of single-nucleotide-polymorphisms/copy-number-variations-based markers both to predict recurrence risk and to develop novel agents targeting these genetic alterations, and the deregulated signaling pathways. Once the goal of identifying genetic risk variants are achieved the next step is much more complicated. It appears to be an unsolvable problem: how can we understand the complex gene-gene and gene-environment interactions? Promises toward this fundamental network modeling, provide predictive biomedicine based on systems biology and computational networking biology. A rational way is to develop innovative algorithmic approaches and novel sophisticated computational-mathematical (in silico) models to predict a genotype (DNA changes)— phenotype (cancer heterogeneity) map. If this scientific endeavor can be achieved, then we could hope for personalized cancer management and medicine. There are the limitations for routine use of laparoscopic D2 gastrectomy in the West. The absence of phase III randomized trials, the absence of high-volume surgeons in laparoscopic-assisted D2 gastrectomy, and the limited number of patients diagnosed with early disease in the West are obstacles for wider use of LADG. However, despite these limitations, as patients and their physicians seek out the best hospital for high-quality treatment, we expect that highly specialized hospitals will attract a rapidly increasing number of patients with gastric cancer. Beyond treatment, prophylactic laparoscopic total gastrectomy has been increasingly considered for primary prevention for people at very high risk ( 75%) of developing diffuse gastric cancer, because of heritable high-penetrance mutations in the CDH1 gene. Advances in surgical quality and personal genomics may improve oncological outcomes.


Abstract Micro businesses, which represent a significant sector in most economies, are rarely studied or profiled officially. Micro home-based businesses (HBB) have been recognised as a major sector and this paper provides the first profile of these enterprises in New Zealand. Empirical survey results on business activities from 522 HBB are reported. Key findings include business work practices, size, age, registration, product/service portfolios, geographic scale, growth aspirations, marketing strategy, international business activities, ICT adoption and business performance. Although HBB are tiny, they are strongly committed to growth and have adopted business processes and information technologies to achieve their aspirations.


The properties of carbon fiber are closely related to the carbonization process, in which high temperature carbonization is the key factor affecting its strength, modulus and other properties. In order to solve the problem that it is difficult to adapt to the complex industrial production environment and the dynamic factors existing in the carbonization process, taking the furnace temperature and heating rate of high temperature furnace as decision variables, energy consumption and yield as optimization objectives, and element temperature as dynamic factors, the dynamic optimization model of carbonization process parameters is established and the validity of the model is verified. Aiming at the parameter optimization problem of carbonization process in uncertain environment, a dynamic multi-objective optimization algorithm of carbonization process parameters based on genetic programming and knowledge transfer is proposed. And compare it with other latest algorithms to prove its efficiency and advantages.


This research aimed at analyzing various environments and phonological processes which change the pronunciation of /r/. In so doing, it came up with the inclusive rankings of the constraints to explain these different pronunciations within the optimality theory (OT) (Prince & Smolensky, 1993/2004). Optimality theory is one of the most significant developments in generative grammar. The first detailed exposition of the theory appears in Prince and Smolensky's (1993) book, entitled 'Optimality Theory: Constraint Interaction in Generative Grammar'. Its goal is to explain the phonology of languages only by using a set of universal constraints. No phonological rule is being applied in its analyses because they generally explained the language-specific phenomena. In contrast, constraints in OT are not merely solutions to language-specific problems; they are claims about Universal Grammar (UG) seeking to explain phonological phenomena universally. Furthermore, there is no interaction between rules and constraints, i.e., OT is not a mixed theory. The principles of SPE phonology (Chomsky & Halle, 1968) namely rules and serial derivations between underlying representation (UR) and phonetic representation (PR) have been abandoned by OT; however, UR and PR which are renamed as input and output respectively, are being assumed in the classical sense. This research deals with optionality also known as 'free variation' in the pronunciation of "râ". Optionality is a case in which a single input is mapped onto two grammatical outputs, although their distribution is not under grammatical control. The fact that variation is 'free' does not imply that it is totally unpredictable, but only that no grammatical principles govern the distribution of variants. Nevertheless, a wide range of extra grammatical factors may affect the choice of one


Effectiveness of the legal sector is highly relying on the coordination of collaborative workflow activities to cope with highly dynamic and complex information exchanges among many different partners. In this work, we have proposed a set of legal transaction patterns that could facilitate legal collaboration modeling for courts hearing procedure with the objective of facilitating the specification of legal case hearing workflows. These transactions patterns were developed in align with UN/CEFACT's recommendations for business collaboration modeling with promising results in modeling complex legal collaborations. The two main contributions of this work are collaboration modelling framework and application of the framework in courts hearing legal process specification. The application of collaboration modelling framework resulted possibility of streamlining and then to ensure coordination among workflow activities to achieve productivity and efficiency. Keywords: Legal Workflow, Legal Collaboration Modelling, Courts Hearing, Transaction Patterns


In order to promote the development of intelligent, efficient and information-based ship power and power system, it is necessary to design a set of safe and effective, real-time monitoring, intelligent regulation and emergency reliable charging system for the ship, in order to charge the battery pack, electric propulsion system, lighting equipment, communication equipment, power supply system and so on The early warning system and the ship's daily electrical equipment carry out unified monitoring and intelligent management operation. In China, the shore power connection is mainly completed by manual towing of cables and manual docking of cable joints. This kind of operation requires the cooperation of terminal operators and mooring personnel. The operation is labor-intensive, inefficient and the working environment is relatively bad. Therefore, in order to solve the automation problem of shore power docking, improve work efficiency and intelligent level, and accelerate the promotion of demonstration application of shore power.


We calculate the neutrino scattering and absorption on the hot and dense neutron‐star matter with hyperons under the strong magnetic field using perturbative approach. We find that the absorption cross‐sections show the remarkable angular dependence: its strength is reduced in the direction parallel to the magnetic field and enhanced in the opposite direction. This variation becomes about 2.2 % when the magnetic field is about 2×1017 G.


Background: Objective of the research was to study the nutritional status of children and related co-morbidities among primary school children in peri-urban rural setting of Thane district of Maharashtra.Methods: A cross sectional study with primary data collection from government primary school in peri-urban rural setting was conducted with total study duration of one year. Children between 6 and 12 years were included in study from primary school. Schools selected using lottery system and all children present on day on examination were included. Sample size estimation by formula n=4pq/l2 which was 336, but study enrolled 402 children. Anthropometric data (BMI) was analyzed using Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) growth charts. Data was analyzed using Microsoft Excel, statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS)-17, differential and inferential statistics calculated and represented using tables and charts. Chi square test was used for statistical significance and finding association with various factors.Results: The prevalence of overweight (≥85th percentile) among children was 20.83% (male), 20.95% (female) and prevalence of obesity (>95th percentile) was 14.06 % (male), 17.62% (female). Prevalence of underweight was 4.17 % (male), 4.29% (female). Female children were at greater risk of being overweight and obese.Conclusions: Childhood obesity is a problem in peri-urban rural Thane and requires timely intervention for its control.


This study examined self-reports of job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and perceived quality of the interpersonal relationship with a work advisor for Alpha, Beta, and Gamma change during...


The conformational preferences of several oligosaccharides are investigated herein using a combination of NMR spectroscopy and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, focusing on the torsion angles as ...


Aim: to assess the rate of detection and epidemiology of renal tumors in children of the Krasnoyarsk Krai and to specify some tumor characteristics during primary diagnostics. Patients and Methods: retrospective exploratory (pilot) dynamic single-center study was conducted. A group of 46 children and adolescents with renal tumors who were admitted to the Department of Hematological Malignancies for examinations and treatment in 2011–2019. All data were obtained from hospital register. Results: renal tumors account for 6.4% of hematological malignancies first diagnosed in children. 9-year primary incidence of renal tumors in children was, on average, 0.87 per 100,000 children, alternating between the increase and decrease in the detection rate. Renal tumors rank 4th among hematological malignancies in the Krasnoyarsk Krai children. The mean age was 4.1±0.5 years. No gender differences were revealed. In a pre-hospital setting, renal tumors were suspected in 24 children (52%). The most common complaints were abdominal pains (34 patients, 74%) and enlarged abdomen (30 patients, 65%). Most renal tumors (40 out of 46) were nephroblastoma as demonstrated by histology. The distribution by prognostic risk (the likelihood of recurrence and/or other unfavorable outcome) has shown that most patients have intermed iate (n=25, 54%) or high (n=19, 42%) risk. Conclusions: our findings illustrate that children with renal tumors require more attention of pediatricians in a pre-hospital setting (cancer vigilance about abdominal pains and enlarged abdomen in children) to reduce the time to diagnosis and to increase the use of renal ultrasound during checkups or in suspicious renal tumors. KEYWORDS: nephroblastoma, Wilms tumor, renal tumors, children, epidemiology, prevalence, primary diagnostics. FOR CITATION: Karavaeva E.A., Taranushenko T.E., Morgun A.V. et al. Renal tumors in children and adolescents (primary diagnostics based on a pilot study) . Russian Journal of Woman and Child Health. 2021;4(2):162–167. DOI: 10.32364/2618-8430-2021-4-2-162-167.


The current sports nutrition supplement market is being fl ooded with a plethora of products claiming to enhance athletic performance and wellbeing. Although stimulants and protein supplements are among the most common, electrolyte and carbohydrate-based hydration supplements are beginning to be marketed to Irish athletes and weekend warriors including under-researched seawater products (1) . It is dif fi cult to consider the promotion of such supplements as research has consistently shown poor hydration and supplement knowledge in athletic and general populations (2,3) . Supplements should only be used to ' supplement ' performance, and not to mask misunderstanding or poor hydration strategies. In addition, the effect of education on fl uid and supplement knowledge is yet to be investigated in the literature. The following study aimed to assess current fl uid and supplement knowledge in a collegiate cohort. The study also aimed to under-stand the effect of education on the aforementioned knowledge categories. Zinn ' s Sports Nutrition Knowledge questionnaire (4) was administered to undergraduate students completing nutrition (PHN) and/or sport and exercise science (SES) programmes at Galway-Mayo Institute of Technology (N = 71), with all responses obtained anonymously. One and two-way ANOVA ' s assessed the effect of education, gender, and physical activity on fl uid and supplement knowledge. Supplement knowledge was signi fi cantly higher in the group which had undertaken the most nutrition modules, SES 4, (F(3,58) = 4.538, p = 0.006) compared to all other groups. Mean supplement knowledge score was 35.64 ± 17.83%. Post hoc Bonferroni pairwise comparisons indicated a signi fi cant difference between SES 4, and SES 1 (p = 0.013, d = 1.22), SES 2 (p = 0.037,


The invention is an electrostatic clamp for fixing the workpiece (ESC), provides systems and methods. Clamping plate of the ESC includes an annular portion surrounding the central disk and the central panel, the central disk is by recessed than the distance amount corresponding annular portion of the gap defines a space. Backside gas delivery port is provided close to the middle region between the annular portion and the central panel. The first potential to the first electrode of the annular portion fixes the peripheral region of the workpiece to the first layer. A second voltage to the second electrode of the central disk are uniformly offset the pressure of the backside gas within the space. The ESC may comprise J-R type of material, or from Coulomb-type material. Furthermore, the cooling plate opposed to the clamping plate, for cooling the cooling flow path for guiding the cooling liquid using one or more.


An analytic technique is described, which allows us to determine simultaneously complex permittivity /spl epsiv/ and permeability /spl mu/ of magnetic films or magnetic liquids. The cell is a gap in a coaxial line filled with three layers (for liquid samples, the two external layers are used as windows, and for films, the middle layer constitutes the substrate). Permittivity and permeability of the unknown layer(s) are computed from the S-parameters (S/sub 11/, S/sub 21/), which are measured in the gap, taking into account higher order modes excited at the discontinuity, /spl epsiv/ and /spl mu/ measured for ethanol and a ferrofluid (with an applied magnetic static field) are presented up to 18 GHz.


There has been exponential growth within the use of wearable technologies in the last decade with smart wearable device having a large share of the market. Smart watches or smart wrist bands were mainly used for health and fitness purposes but recent years have seen a rise in their deployment in other areas. Recent smart devices are fitted with sensors with enhanced functionality and capabilities. This paper represents system which includes AVA application and smart wrist band. This technique is used to delete data after user's death or at any dangerous situation user can manually delete data by single click on wrist band. Also contain feature where in single click on wearable device location of user and help message can be shared to emergency contacts without using smart phone.


Connexins are a family of related proteins identified in vertebrate forming gap junctions, which mediate cell-to-cell communication in early embryos, with an important role in establishing embryonic asymmetry and 'communication compartments'. By in situ hybridization, immunocytochemistry, reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) and western blotting we show that a Cx43-like molecule is present in oocytes and embryos of the African clawed frog Xenopus laevis, with specific localization in the animal-vegetal axis. This specific distribution is suggestive for an important role for this protein in the establishment of the dorso-ventral axis. Antisense RNA and antibodies directed against rat carboxyl terminal tail of the Cx43 (CT-Cx43) and injected in 1-cell stage Xenopus embryos, induced pronounced alterations in nervous system development, with a severe ventralization phenotype. Coherently, the overexpression of CT-Cx43 produced a dorsalization of the embryos. In antisense treated embryos, the expression of the b-catenin gene is eliminated from the Nieuwkoop center, the pattern expression of the Chordin, Xnot and Xbra is modified, with no effect in expression of the Goosecoid gene. In CT-Cx43 mRNA treated embryos the pattern of expression of the b-catenin, Chordin, Goosecoid, Xnot and engrailed-2 genes is modified. The expression of b-catenin is increased in the Nieuwkoop center, the expression pattern of Chordin and Goosecoid is expanded to the posterior neural plate and engrailed-2 presents ectopic expression in the ventral region. Taken together our data suggest a role for CT-Cx43 as a maternal determinant with a critical function in the formation of the dorso-ventral axis in Xenopus laevis. The Cx43 may be one of the earliest markers of the dorso-ventral axis in these embryos and could possibly be acting through regionalization of factors responsible for the establishment of this axis.


Small and Medium Scale Enterprises (SMES) are the engines of development in the developing countries with the help of microfinance sustenance. SMEs also contribute to long run industrial growth by producing an increasing numbers of firms that grow up out of the small scale sector. Thus. the study seeks to (i) examine the socio-economic characteristics of operators of small and medium scale enterprises in the study area;(ii) identify the types of enterprises of respo• .dents in the stud:, area;(iii) compare the revenue of beneficiaries of microfinance and non-beneficiaries.A multistage sampling technique was used to select Two hundred (200) respondents in the study area. One hundn.:d (100) respondents were beneficiaries ofmicrofinance, and one hundred (100) respondents were nonbeneficiaries with the aid of well~structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics such as mean. frequency distribution, perceritages, tables, Students' T-test and multiple regression were used to analyse the data obtained from the study. The results from findings therefore showed that microfinance had a significant effect on Small and Medium Scale enterprises


Near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) has become common techniques to estimate chemical composition of feed ingredient for poultry. Two experiments were performed: first was to compare the capability of NIRS system from three laboratories (E, A and T) to measure nutrient composition of soybean meal (SBM); and the second was to evaluate nutrient composition and quality of 59 samples of SBM from Argentine, Brazil and US using NIRS from T-laboratory. Thirty samples of SBM was used in the first study and the result showed that all NIRS systems were able to estimate proximate, amino acids, metabolizable energy (ME) and carbohydrate components. The second experiment indicated that there were some differences in proximate composition (especially protein), total amino acids and digestible amino acids among SBM from different origins. Brazilian SBM had 2% higher protein and amino acid compared to US or Argentine SBM (P<0.05). However, US SBM had slightly higher ME (20 and 40 kcal kg -1 ) compared to Brazilian and Argentine SBM, respectively. ME is positively correlated with protein (0.50) and fat content (0.58) but negatively correlated with fiber (-0.74) and NSP (-0.61). Stepwise regression analysis demonstrated that ME can be estimated using equation ME (kcal kg -1 ) = 75.7 – 21.0 x Fiber + 87.4 x Fat + 32.9 x Protein + 17.6 x NFE with reasonable accuracy (R 2 = 0.995). In conclusion NIRS can be used to estimate nutrient content of SBM. Brazilian SBM has higher protein and amino acids, but US SBM has slightly higher ME content.


The invention relates to a method of packaging perishable foodstuffs, characterized in that it consists in applying a type "skin" process in a small package whose depth is greater than the width of its bottom and that comprises the steps of: - packaging of foodstuffs, - manufacture of a container (C) with hollow edge, - filling the container (C), - installation of a plastic film on the rim of the container (C), - the two contacting surfaces containing neither does carrying a fusible material, - closure of the container (C) by applying a vacuum, - baking of the filled and closed. The invention also relates to packaging obtained by the method.


Abstract:This article focuses on components from a larger qualitative study in which parents responded to LG picturebooks and their potential use in elementary classrooms. Crawley analyzes and shares the responses of one mother whose daughter attends a public elementary school in the US Southeast. Crawley demonstrates how, over time, she moved from endorsing the books' availability and use in elementary classrooms, to considering schools' bookselection processes, to self-initiating action by reading one of the LG picturebooks in her daughter's class.


Background: Hypertensives' target blood pressure control remains suboptimal in many countries worldwide. Hence, determining patients' factors affecting target blood pressure control is critical.
Objective: The objective of the study was to examine hypertensives' target blood pressure control and its associations with their sociodemographic and clinical characteristics.
Methods: The study employed a cross-sectional design. For the face-to-face data collection with standardized questionnaires, 384 hypertensives attending a tertiary-level hospital were selected using a systematic random sampling technique. Descriptive statistics were used to determine the target blood pressure control status and bivariate chi-square test and binary logistic regression were used to identify factors significantly associated with the target blood pressure control.
Results: The study consisted of nearly equal proportions of male (51.2%) and female (48.8%) participants with a mean age (±SD) of 53.61 ±12.34 years. Only 45.1% had achieved target blood pressure control. Absence of comorbidity (AOR = 1.911, 95% CI: 1.256, 2.908, p = .002), good medication adherence (AOR = 2.535, 95% CI: 1.078, 5.960, p = .033), and normal body mass index (AOR = 1.675, 95% CI: 1.094, 2.564, p = .018) were factors significantly associated with the achievement of the target BP control.
Conclusion: Intervention targeting hypertensives' body weight control, early comorbidity screening and management, and strict adherence to antihypertension medication may improve patients' blood pressure control status and should be among the priority of the hypertension care clinic specialists' team.


A gelatinous otolithic membrane (OM) cou- ples a single calcified otolith to the sensory epithelium in the bluegill sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus) saccule, one of the otolithicorgansintheinnerear.ThoughtheOMisanintegral part of the anatomic network of endorgan structures that resultinvestibularfunctionintheinnerear,theidentityofthe proteins that make up this sensory accessory membrane in teleosts,orinanyvertebrate,isnotfullyknown.Previously,we identified a cDNA from the sunfish saccular otolithic organ that encoded a new member of the collagen family of struc- tural proteins. In this study, we examined biochemical fea- turesandthelocalizationofthesaccularcollagen(SC)protein in vivo using polyclonal antisera that recognize the noncol- lagenous domains of the SC protein. The SC protein,in vivo, was identified as a 95-kDa glycoprotein in sunfish whole- saccule lysate and in homogenates of microdissected saccular OMs. Immunohistochemical analyses demonstrated that the SC protein was localized within one of the two distinct layers of the sunfish saccular OM. The SC protein was also detected within the cytoplasm of supporting cells at the edges of the saccular sensory epithelium, indicating that these cells are a primary site for the synthesis of this structural protein. Further studies of the organization of this matrix molecule in the OM may help clarify the role of this sensory accessory membrane in vestibular sensory function.


This paper describes how to design and use a PCI-to-PCI Non-transparent Bridge in use of PCI6254.The design content includes the dispose of Interrupt,Reset,Clocks,and the Configuration,the Initialization,the Transaction of the bridge.And the application content includes the three useful characteristic,the message interrupt mode,the shared memory mode,and the direct-mapped space mode.


Amongst the many skills required of newly graduated engineers is the ability to clearly communicate their designs and engineering analyses using both verbal and graphical languages.  The new ABET EC2000 criteria emphasize that students must have the ability to communicate effectively, (Engineering Accreditation Commission, 2001) but leave the interpretation of the outcomes that define effective communication to the individual programs.  It is desirable for the students to learn these communication skills in the context of their specific disciplines; therefore, the trend has been towards integration of writing exercises through design and laboratory reports in the engineering courses in addition to their courses in the humanities component.  Although much emphasis has been placed on the integration of both written reports and oral presentations into the core engineering curriculum, little has been said or done concerning the use of graphics as a communication medium.  It has been said that graphics is the language of engineering (Bertoline, et al., 1995).  Writing in the humanities does not depend heavily upon graphics.  Mechanical design, in particular, requires extensive use of graphics, not only conventional orthographic drawings, but also sketches, solid models, graphical representations of various analyses and experiments, prototypes, and other graphical and physical models to communicate design concepts and outcomes effectively.  This paper will present a review of the use of graphics tools by students in a sophomore level introductory mechanical design course and senior design projects with a focus on the use of graphical communication techniques and physical objects to develop and communicate design concepts.


As a basic need of the humans, peace is always considered a cherished value around the world. That's why the need for a peaceful co-existence is usually felt at personal, interpersonal, group, national, or international level, hence, the establishment of the United Nations. The UN has made it obligatory for all the member states to foster such an education system that may strengthen the value of peaceful co-existence. Out of many ways one is peace education where the importance of universities cannot be overlooked. Therefore, this research was meant to explore the attitudes of university teachers and students. The objectives were: i, to find the level of attitude of university teachers and students related to peace education; ii, to compare the attitude of teachers with students. Questionnaire was used for measuring attitudes of the respondents. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire were established through expert opinions, pilot testing and Cronbach's Alpha which was 0.94. Through stage sampling technique data was collected from a total of 770 target respondents. SPSS version 16 was used for analysis. It was found that: i, majority of the respondents possessed positive attitude towards peace education; ii, in comparison to students, teachers had relatively more positive attitude towards peace education. Based on findings, recommendations were made for


A pilot population‐based carrier screening program started in 2010 in the Saguenay–Lac‐Saint‐Jean region of Quebec, Canada, for four recessive diseases with local founder effects (tyrosinemia type I, autosomal recessive spastic ataxia of Charlevoix‐Saguenay, congenital lactic acidosis, and Andermann syndrome).


This paper presents an approximate solution of Neumann''s problem for a semi-infinite solid, taking account of the convection at the surface and of the density change for the solidifying substance. For a special case where heat transfer coefficient at the surface is infinite or very large, a proposed procedure of the approximate solution to the exact solution is discussed mathematically. Applying the above approximate solution, position of solidifying front as well as temperature distribution in both phases are calculated numerically for an illustrative example, including the dilatation of bulk on solidification.


The analyses of heat transfer,water circulation calculation,metallographic structure,and fracture form were made of the tube explosion accident of two external heat exchanging furnaces in No 4 heavy oil catalytic plants,and some corresponding retrofit methods were proposed.


In this paper, we establish a large deviation principle for the conservative stochastic partial differential equations, whose solutions are related to stochastic differential equations with interaction. The weak convergence method and the contraction principle in the theory of large deviations play an important role.


The theory of "determined effort" and the theory of "loyalty and righteousness" are the centralized embodiment of Li Zhi's critical thought on All Men Are Brothers .The former emphasizes that the novel should be "works of determined effort" which means creative enthusiasm in modern theory.The latter sums up the novel's theme,which affirms the righteousness of Liangshan Uprising.At that time Li Zhi's critical thought and artistic analysis on All Men Are Brothers had a great influence upon the novel circle,which forcefully promoted the sound development of ancient China's realistic novels.


Cross-border cooperation is becoming an increasingly important factor in establishing a stimulating business environment. The aim of the article is to introduce factors that influence cross-border cooperation between businesses in the Alps–Adriatic region. A descriptive and analytical approach is used. On the basis of the results of empirical international research into cross-border cooperation in the Alps–Adriatic region between Carinthia, Friuli-Venezia Giulia (FVG) and Slovenia the article shows and analyses the barriers that businesses face in cross-border cooperation and the factors they consider to best stimulate cross-border cooperation. The results show that good personal relations, language skills and shared interests are the most important factors; the level of assistance and administrative/legislative barriers are the biggest barriers in cross-border cooperation. Different factors stimulating cross-border cooperation can be used to create a base for future strategies and training for business managers.


I will speak about the role of central banks in public policy, why we are so focussed on stability, and how we think about change, and respond to the interconnected world we live in. I want to talk about the importance of a multilateral approach in today's world. Especially when we look at the issues that may take centre stage in the decade ahead for policymakers worldwide: like climate change, the changing nancial system and technological change.


Tardive syndromes (TDS) refer to the clinical spectrum of persistent hyperkinetic, hypokinetic and sensory phenomena that stem from chronic exposure to dopamine receptorblocking drugs. Correspondingly, the clinical presentation of three times a day is diverse. Although three times a day have been a major area of movement disorder clinical practice for decades, their pathophysiological bases remain poorly understood, and the optimal treatment approach for patients affected by these disabling disorders remains unclear. Functional neurosurgery has gained increasing recognition as a viable treatment option for severe and medicationrefractory cases of three times a day. However, deep brain stimulation (DBS) for TDS is a challenging treatment due to the presence of multiple sources of variability, particularly clinical and biological heterogeneity, among patients. Moreover, the therapeutic effects of DBS vary between patients due to variability in the location of active contacts and, hence, in the underlying neuronal cell populations and functional networks that are actually modulated by DBS in a given patient. These factors could partly explain the disappointing fact that the evidence of the clinical utility of DBS for TDS is limited by quantity and quality. Most of the currently available data come from openlabel case reports and case series that can offer unique clinical insights but are insufficient to determine whether DBS is an effective treatment for TDS. To address the source of variability, Oliveira et al conducted a retrospective review of clinical data from seven consecutive patients with severe and medicationrefractory TDS who were treated with DBS of the internal segment of the globus pallidus (GPi). The grouplevel neuroimaging analysis included modelling of the volume of tissue activated by DBS, constructing a probabilistic map of clinical efficacy and a largescale normative connectomic analysis. The results showed that all patients experienced a sustained reduction in dystonic and/or dyskinetic movements following GPi DBS. Motor improvement varied between 7% and 94% (mean, 69%) at the time that the clinical benefit from GPi DBS reached its peak (14 months postsurgery). Furthermore, map voxels most strongly associated with optimal clinical benefit (probabilistic efficacy 'hotspot') were located in the posterior pallidum and were functionally and structurally connected to various remote structures, including the brainstem and the primary motor and premotor areas of the cerebral cortex. These results from the study by Oliveira et al are a stepping stone to provide valuable insights into improving surgical planning, facilitating programming, which might increase the probability of success in controlled trials in three times a day. Multicentre shamcontrolled trial failures in the DBS research community are not uncommon due to suboptimal electrode targeting and stimulation algorithms. Furthermore, DBS is an expensive treatment, and it would need to achieve significant response rates for its cost to be justified. Nevertheless, compared with other connectome studies, this study has a small sample size, which represents decreased power and reproducibility. In addition, fixed targets may not be effective in all individuals affected by differentially expressed symptom presentations and intensities, and an individual optimal target warrants further investigation in the management of three times a day with DBS.


In this paper a three phase 6-pulse convertor model is designed. The Synchronized 6-Pulse Generator block can be used to fire the six diode of a six-pulse converter. The output of the block is a vector of six pulses individually synchronized on the six diode voltages. DIODE, MOSFET and THYRISTOR are used as a controlled rectifier which reduces the total harmonics distortion in output current and voltage.


The purpose of this paper was to determine the level of job satisfaction among the non permanent employees. What is their job satisfaction with respect to job security, work autonomy and compensation? Most of the companies in Pakistan are inclining towards the non-permanent employees as they are only paid the lump sum monthly salary and no other benefits are offered to them until they reach a certain level of expertise and become valuable for the company. Non-permanent are a sort of employees who work for the parent company but are not directly the employees of the parent company. So generally these employees are not really satisfied with their jobs. The sample size for the research study was 175 employees. Job Security, Work Motivation and Compensation have been found to have significant effect on job satisfaction of non-permanent employees.


In this paper, I describe briefly some of the different types of attacks on wireless sensor networks such as Sybil, HELLO, Wormhole and Sinkhole attacks. Then I describe security analysis of some major routing protocols in wireless sensor network such as Directed Diffusion, TinyOS beaconing, geographic and Rumor routings in term of attacks and security goals. As a result I explain some secure routing protocols for wireless sensor network and is discussed briefly some methods and policy of these protocols to meet their security requirements. At last some simulation results of these protocols that have been done by their designer are mentioned.


INTRODUCTION The force of friction is known to cause detrimental effects to precision servomechanisms with rolling contacts. With regard to ultra precision, rapid point-to-point motion frictional effects are manifest in extended and inconsistent settling times. Over sub-micrometer displacements, the force of friction is best characterized as a hysteretic stiffness. Since simple friction models such as the viscous model and Coulomb model do not make a sufficient description of the force of friction over this regime, more advanced friction models, such the Dahl model[1], LuGre model[2], and generalized Maxwell-slip model[3] are often used[4].


ON HORACE, Spirt. I. ii. 31.—Mr. Walter's 'cessatain' for 'cessatum' (see p̂ 203 of the current volume of the G.R.) is a correction which was made long ago by Scaliger. It only partly, however, I think, restores the original text, ' curam' being as yet (to me at least) not satisfactorily explained. Now, the chief part of the Phaeacians' sensuality was over-indulgence in the pleasures of the table ; perhaps therefore we ought to read 'ad strepitum citharae cessatam ducere cenam,' and in the strange variant 'somnum' recognise (possibly as 'sompnum') a corruption of a gloss 'symposium.' Compare de A. P. 376, 'poteratduci quia cena sine istis ; ' and Sat. I. v. 70, 'prorsus iucunde cenam produximus illam.'


This article is based on part of an unpublished dissertation for the degree of Master of Education at the University of Birmingham, England. The full title of the dissertation is 'Aspects of Distinctiveness ‐‐ An analysis and comparison of some key aspects of current Church of England diocesan syllabuses of education' (1988). The syllabuses in question are those addressed to day‐schools within the state maintained system of education where some schools with historic and financial ties to the Church are substantially maintained by the State but with the Church retaining the right to determine certain aspects of their distinctive character. One of the most important of these is the nature and quality of the religious education as expressed in the classroom setting. About half the dioceses of the Church of England offer their own syllabus of religious education for the schools within their area that are designated 'Church of England Voluntary Aided Schools'. These schools are free to either to use such a syl...


results of studies conducted in other countries (5–7). None of the pregnant women were in critical condition and none died of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 infection during the surveillance period. The overall lower prevalence of pregnant women in Japan (≈0.67% of the total population) compared with that in other countries (8) might account for the low number of pregnant women hospitalized for pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus in Japan. Of all 12,702 patients, 4,420 (34.8%) had underlying medical conditions. In terms of age, 1,848 (32.6%) of 5,670 patients 5–9 years of age and 324 (81.0%) of 400 patients >70 years of age had underlying medical conditions. For those with underlying medical conditions, incidence of hospitalization was relatively higher for children than for adults; rates for hospitalized children were 814.1, 573.7, and 219.0 per 100,000 persons for those 5–9, 10–14, and 15–19 years of age, respectively; whereas, the rate for hospitalized adults 60–69 years of age was 6.7/100,000 persons. In all age categories, the incidence of hospitalization for pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus infection was notably higher for patients with underlying medical conditions than for those without. The attributable risk for medical conditions associated with hospitalization for pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus infection was highest among patients 5–9 and 10–14 years of age (744.7 and 549.6, respectively), whereas the risk was lowest (6.5) among patients 60–69 years of age. The relative risk associated with underlying medical conditions was comparatively higher for patients in age groups 15–19, 20–29, and 30–39 years (48.4, 54.9, and 48.4, respectively) than among those >70 years of age (17.9). In contrast to seasonal infl uenza (4), persons <20 years of age had higher risk for hospitalization for pandemic (H1N1) 2009 than did older age groups. Considering our fi ndings regarding the attributable risk for hospitalization, interventions that aim to control pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus infection among children, especially those with underlying medical conditions, can be considered key for minimizing the strain (fi nancial, staffi ng, space) on the healthcare system. Our fi ndings justify prioritizing the treatment of children and young adults by vaccination and early prescription of antiviral drugs.


During the May 4th period,Bertrand Russell came to China and delivered lectures which were his opinions on "China Problem" according to his academic view.And he had close and extensive contacts with Chinese intellectuals at that time.When Russell were in Shanghai and Changsha,Yang Duanliu,who had just returned from Britain,was one of his translators,and was able to communicate with him in terms of academic thought.Yang suggested that Chinese people ought to treat Russell as an English scholar and understand him rightly.Meanwhile,Yang engaged his social activities instructed by Russell's Pragmatic learning.To some extent,Yang's suggestions might have been the clue to this Sino-Western cultural communication.


Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): M.I.U.R. PRIN 2017 to E.C and ECRF to L.S.

 Ivabradine (Iva), Zatebradine (Zat) and ZD7288 (ZD) are blockers of Hyperpolarization-activated Cyclic Nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels, which play definite electrophysiological functions in cardiac pacemakers, working cardiomyocytes, peripheral and central neurons [1]. Among them, Iva is in clinical use as bradycardic agent for uncontrolled angina and heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. Accumulating evidence suggests Iva may have a more complex pharmacological profile, including targets different from HCN channels [2, 3]. Reports on experimental atrial fibrillation, detrusor contraction and bladder overactivity [4] led us to hypothesize that muscarinic receptors (mAChRs) may represent still unexplored targets of Iva and analogues. Present study was designed to identify the effect of Iva on acetylcholine-gated inward-rectifier K+-current (IKACh), the main effector of atrial mAChRs, and to assess whether Iva and analogues interact directly with human atrial and recombinant mAChRs.

 Patch-clamp recordings were performed on human atrial myocytes (hAMs) isolated from atrial appendages of patients in sinus rhythm. Competition and kinetic radioligand binding assays were performed on hAM preparations and on mAChR(1,2,3) expressed in heterologous systems.

 Patch-clamp recordings on hAMs demonstrated Iva is able to suppress IKAch similarly to atropine, thus suggesting a functional antagonism of Iva on atrial mAChRs.  Competition binding assays on hAM membranes revealed Iva, Zat and ZD bind to mAChRs with affinity values close to those of muscarinic ligands carbachol (Cch) and gallamine (Gal). Competition binding assays on recombinant mAChR(1,2,3), which are functionally relevant in hAMs, showed all blockers are ligands for each single mAChR type with affinity values close to those of CCh and Gal. Finally, using dissociation binding assays on mAChR(2) lacking the allosteric binding site, we showed Iva and Zat behave as allosteric ligands with affinity values similar to Gal. Doking studies confirmed Iva and Zat, but not ZD, have the structural requirements necessary to interact with the allosteric and the orthosteric site of mAChR(2).

 This study demonstrates Iva directly interacts with mAChR expressed in hAMs, showing antimuscarinic activity on IKAch. This property is likely dependent on a double interaction of Iva with the orthosteric and the allosteric site of mAChR(2). Zat, but not ZD, shows similar binding properties compared to Iva. Our results identify a novel pharmacological target for Iva and analogues in human atria, which may have important consequences for the function of the healthy and diseased atrium.


Electronic devices manufactures are interested in research and development of new materials and processes for forming ecologically friendly, connectors. There are two possible solutions of this problem: lead-free solders and electrically conductive adhesives. To establish the baseline for comparison the mechanical and electrical properties of joints, The PCB was assembly using SnAgCu solder paste. Twelve conductive adhesive compositions were investigated. The individual adhesive joint resistance of 1206 component to PCB and their adhesion were measured It was found how resin type, type of filler material and level of volume contents of filler in adhesive influenced on mechanical and electrical properties of adhesive joints. For some types of adhesives, the mechanical properties of conductive adhesive joints are comparable with solder joint. The further work is needed to improve the electrical parameters of adhesive joints.


ABSTRACT The 'standard' working week in Australia has been gradually disappearing over the last several decades. This phenomenon has generated much debate on the conflict between work and life. Despite the debate about and recognition of lengthening hours among full-time workers, little is known of Australians' working-time preferences. This article asks if the work-life conflict is the result of workers' desire to spend more time at work or if it is because they currently lack the means to achieve their preferred hours. Using the Negotiating the Lifecourse (NLC) survey this article examines the current and preferred hours of workers, particularly in relation to whether they have a desire to change their current work hours. It then goes on to look at those people who are unable to achieve their preferred working hours, and focuses on people who are working longer hours than desired. The research finds that workers' preferences tend toward the standard working week, where men prefer to work around 40 hours...


An improved ant colony algorithm is designed. The given algorithm combines ant colony system (ACS) and max-min ant system (MMAS), and introduces the factors of time windows width and waiting time for service into state transfer rules. In order to avoid the algorithm trapping into local optimum, different pheromone evaporating rules are used under different stages. 2-opt which is an intra-optimizing method in a road and 2-opt* which is an inter-optimizing method between roads are used to improve the optimizing solution received from each iteration. Experiment results show that the algorithm is better than genetic algorithm and Tabu search algorithm on aspects of solving effects and operation effectiveness.


Much to the disappointment of hard core disk operating system (DOS) wizards, many computer users have little knowledge of DOS commands and, in fact, they may not need much DOS knowledge in the future.
Computer users today are able to manage files and move from application to application without directly invoking a DOS command. Application packages such as word processors, spread sheets, and data bases provide for file management. Special software programs are available that allow the user to backup an entire hard disk without any knowledge of DOS.
Menu programs can be placed on a hard disk which allow the user to choose applications without knowing DOS commands. Perhaps the most creative programs to help the user avoid DOS, are the DOS management systems available on the market today which allow the user to speak English while the program speaks DOS to the system.
On some campuses personnel are available to install and set up computers with hard disks using menu programs, applications, and DOS management programs. The user is trained in using the application and shown how to work with the menu system. As long as the system does not have a hardware or software problem, the user is able to be productive without extensive training in DOS commands. This process saves a great deal of time and money in training the computer user. Emphasis can be placed on training programs in areas where there is direct return for the time and money spent.
Certainly a case could be developed to support DOS training for all computer users. Knowledge of the operating system, file management, backup procedures, etc. could be a tremendous advantage for the user. However, management must weigh the expenditure of time and cost against the advantages of training a staff in MS-DOS. Furthermore, not all computer users will find DOS friendly and their attempt to use the DOS commands could become frustrating and time consuming.


To investigate the effect of adding sugars and lipids on characteristics of cooked rice, the solubility, swelling power, blue value, amylogram and sensory evaluation characteristics of cooked rices with 0.5, 1.0, 1.5> 2.0% level of sugars and lipids additives were measured. The solubility, swelling power and blue value of cooked rice with sugars were increased as the more sugars were added. Those parameters of the cooked rice with isomalto oligosaccharide were higher than sucrose. The solubility decreased as the more lipids were added. The swelling power decreased as the more lipids were added. As the result of amylograph analysis, addition of isomalto oligosaccharide accelerates the gelatinization and retards the retrogradation. In sensory evaluation, the cooked rice with 0.5% level of sucrose and isomalto oligosaccharide were showed better acceptability than the others. In conclusion, the additions of sugars and lipids affect characteristics of cooked rice. Especially, the cooked rice with 0.5% isomalto oligosaccharide was showed the best physiochemical and sensory properties.


The PWM strategies that insure the lowest current and torque pulsations of three-level inverters are investigated for the voltage control region I in which only the small voltage vectors are used It is shown that these PWMs can he realized by two different methods. For both methods the carrier-based realizations are presented. The theoretical derivations of voltage spectra of these methods are derived and shown. The results were checked by a computer simulation; within this scope the voltage distribution between the two inverter input condensers was investigated too.


A method for the automatic detection and vectorization of roads from lidar data is presented. To extract roads from a lidar point cloud, a hierarchical classification technique is used to classify the lidar points progressively into road and non-road points. During the classification process, both intensity and height values are initially used. Due to the homogeneous and consistent nature of roads, a local point density is introduced to finalize the classification. The resultant binary classification is then vectorized by convolving a complex-valued disk named the Phase Coded Disk (PCD) with the image to provide three separate pieces of information about the road. The centerline and width of the road are obtained from the resultant magnitude image while the direction is determined from the corresponding phase image, thus completing the vectorized road model. All algorithms used are described and applied to two urban test sites. Completeness values of 0.88 and 0.79 and correctness values of 0.67 and 0.80 were achieved for the classification phase of the process. The vectorization of the classified results yielded RMS values of 1.56 m and 1.66 m, completeness values of 0.84 and 0.81 and correctness values of 0.75 and 0.80 for two different data sets.


Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate preoperative opioid use along a spectrum to better understand the role that preoperative opioid use has on postoperative outcomes. Methods: A consecutive series of patients undergoing arthroscopic RCR from 2018 to 2020 were included. Preoperative opioid use within one year of surgery was determined using the state prescription drug monitoring program (PDMP). Cumulative morphine milligram equivalents (MME) from prescriptions one year prior to surgery and the number of days the last opioid was prescribed before surgery determined. Postoperative outcomes at 3 and 6 months included visual analog scale (VAS) for pain and American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons Shoulder Score (ASES). The proportion of patients achieving patient acceptable symptom state (PASS) for VAS and ASES were determined. Multivariate generalized estimating equations models were utilized to determine the influence of preoperative opioid use on postoperative outcome scores with receiver operator characteristic (ROC) analysis. Results: 763 patients (47.6% male) with a mean age of 60.2 + 10.0 years were included. 488 patients (64%) had no history of opioid use one year prior to RCR, while 275 (36%) had an opioid prescription one year before RCR. Compared to patients without preoperative opioid use, patients with preoperative opioid use had an average ASES value 7.9 points lower (p<0.001), and average VAS value 1.0 points greater (p< 0.001). PASS for VAS and ASES at 6 months was achieved in 28% and 56% of patients prescribed preoperative opioids compared to 46% and 59% without. There was no association between the number of days from opioid prescription to surgery for ASES score (p=0.23) nor VAS score (p = 0.37). ROC analysis with MME categories of 0-200, 200-500, and >500 MME yielded an area under the curve of 0.74 for PASS ASES and 0.78 for PASS VAS. Compared to patients with preoperative prescription <200 MME, patients prescribed >500 were 35.7% (p=0.03) less likely to achieve ASES PASS. For every 100 preoperative MME prescribed, ASES score decreased by 0.11 (p=0.001) while VAS increased 0.018 points (p<0.001). For every 100 preoperative MME prescribed, the probability of achieving PASS for VAS decreased by 1.8% (p=0.004). Conclusions: Preoperative opioid use is a risk factor for diminished clinical outcome scores and higher pain following RCR in the early postoperative setting. The risk profile is modified by total preoperative opioid prescription MME as higher preoperative opioid use is associated with lower ASES, higher VAS, and lower likelihood of achieving PASS for VAS and ASES. Preoperative opioid prescription threshold values of 200 and 500 MME negatively worsened clinical outcomes to greater degrees. Patients with increasing preoperative opioid use should be counseled that lower clinical outcomes and higher pain levels may occur following RCR.


This article has been written within the research project HAR2009-11441 (Archaeological approach to social use of space. Transversal analysis from Protohistory to Medieval Age in Western Mediterranean) from the MICINN (Spain).


Surface-enhanced Raman scattering enhances the weak Raman scattering by using a roughened metal-coated surface as a catalyst. Roughness in the nanometer range provides the best enhancement. The nanostructures for the surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) substrates, in this work, are generated using an electrochemical etching process on silicon substrates. The patterns of nanoporous silicon thus generated are transferred onto transparent polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrates using the lift-off process. An incomplex sputtering technique is employed to coat this substrate with a ~20 nm aluminum layer. Rhodamine 6G (R6G) molecules, when adsorbed to this metal surface, form the final SERS substrate that undergoes Raman spectroscopy characterization. This technique is expected to be useful when simple and photolithography-free techniques need to be employed for SERS substrate fabrication.


The invention relates to a horizontal spiral centrifugal machine, comprising a spiral stock pushing device and a rotating drum, wherein the spiral stock pushing device is arranged inside the rotating drum, the rotating drum is divided into a drying region and a sedimentation region, the discharging hole on the rotating drum is provided with a wear-resisting sleeve, the wear-resisting sleeve comprises a sleeve body, the spiral blades of the spiral stock pushing device are provided with through holes, and the through holes are used for filtering partial liquid in solids between the spiral blades, thus solid-liquid separation is more thoroughly; the outer wall of the sleeve body is provided with an arc-shaped ring slot, the sleeve body is fixed on the discharging hole of the rotating drum by virtue of a locating screw which is against and pressed on the arc-shaped ring slot, and the arc-shaped ring slot can cause the wear-resisting sleeve to rotate or be fixed at will, thus the position of abrasion is changed; the length of the drying region is 200-250mm; the inner wall of the rotating drum is provided with a wave-shaped structure groove, when the rotating drum rotates at high speed, solid liquid mixture collides onto the groove on the inner wall of the rotating drum, and rebounding directions and distances after the solid liquid mixture collides onto the groove on the inner wall of the rotating drum are different as the masses of solid and liquid are different, thus the solid liquid separation is sped up and the solid liquid separation is more thoroughly.


A catalytic advanced oxidation process based on copper charging activated carbon and DO in wastewater has been studied for polishing oilfield wastewater treated by coagulation sedimentation of which COD could not meet the discharge standard. The catalyst was obtained by impregnating activated carbon in 7.5% Cu(NO 3) 2 solution and then drying it at 260℃. Under the conditions of pH 7.5±0.5,aerated wastewater, 2 h of contact time at 25~35℃ and 1/45 of volume ration between catalyst and wastewater, COD can be reduced from above 400 mg/L to below 100 mg/L. The used catalyst can be regenerated by its preparation method.


A Hepta-band Bowtie Antenna is proposed to function at two Wi-Fi bands and other bands. The following seven frequency bands are operational for the proposed antenna: 2.4, 3.9, 5.5, 6.7, 8.4, 10.2 and 12.8 GHz. The antenna structure consists of six loaded metallic strips in addition to interconnected loaded parasitic rectangular components near to the edge of the left side of the antenna. The loaded metallic strips resulted in five frequency bands and the interconnected parasitic components resulted in the remaining additional two frequency bands. The four metallic strips that are near the center of the antenna are symmetric while the remaining two metallic strips have different heights. All the metallic strips have the same width. The hepta-band antenna is simulated with HFSS to obtain the results of the return loss, radiation patterns and other antenna parameters. It will be shown from the simulation results that the antenna has seven operational frequency bands including the two Wi-Fi bands 2.4 and 5.5 GHz.


The technical requirements,test methods and specifications form and content of MABUCHI motors is introduced in this paper.And several special requirements is analysed.


The use of drugs and specifically the consumption of alcohol is one of the most dangerous behaviors that have a direct impact on adolescents' health. Nowadays the consumption of this substance is a worldwide serious problem. It was carried out a descriptive and transversal study in January, 2014 with the aim to identify some of the risk factors associated to the consumption of alcohol in adolescents of the technical college «Jesus Menendez Larrondo», in the municipality of Manzanillo. The universe comprised 146 students; the sample comprised 100 students randomly selected. To collect the information it was applied a questionnaire. The data were analyzed by the use of percents, absolute numbers, and the Chi square test (X 2 ). The results were presented in charts. A 93 % of the sample had consumed alcohol and 36 % showed a dangerous abuse of this substance. Macro social factors were predominant such as the availability of the substance (88 %) and difficulties to use free time (72 %). The risk factors associated to the dangerous alcohol consumption were: scarce or distorted information, difficulties in the father - son communication, the family consumption, alcohol- consuming friends, and the difficulty to resist grupal pressures.


In this paper,Uncertainty of the determination of nickel content in tungsten oxide by atomic absorption spectrometry was evaluated. The mathematical model was established,and uncertainty sources were analyzed,The uncertainty component was calculated and synthesized,expansion uncertainty of measured value were discussed.When the nickel content was 0.048%, the standard uncertainty and extended uncertainty are 0.002% and0.004%,respectively. The main source of uncertainty was caused by the repeatability and working curve during the tests.


Neurons in a restricted part of the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) show increased expression of corticotropin‐releasing hormone (CRH) mRNA as a consequence of cellular dehydration. In the present study, we have investigated the organization of their efferent projections by using anterograde and retrograde tracing techniques. Additionally, we have compared the distribution of CRH mRNA‐containing neurons after cellular dehydration and intraventricular (i.c.v.) colchicine injections. Our results show that cellular dehydration activates a more restricted neuronal population than does i.c.v. colchicine. Iontophoretic injections of Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin (PHAL) were placed in the LHA of animals drinking hypertonic saline and their proximity to activated CRH neurons determined by in situ hybridization for CRH mRNA. Although labelled fibers from these injections were seen throughout the brain, the region of the parabrachial nucleus and nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) were most conspicuous in also having CRH immunoreactive fibers. Injections of Fluoro‐Gold placed in these two structures were used to confirm these findings in dehydrated animals. Significant numbers of neurons containing both Fluoro‐Gold and CRH mRNA were seen in the lateral hypothalamus after injections in the lateral and medial parts of the parabrachial nucleus; far fewer were seen after injections in the NTS. These results strongly suggest that the CRH neurons in the LHA activated by cellular dehydration provide an input to the region of the parabrachial nucleus. The altered biochemical composition of this pathway may well be able to modify sensory and motor patterns both during and after dehydration. J. Comp. Neurol. 394:48–63, 1998. © 1998 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Hands-un p~rfurmanc~ ass~ssment tasks w~r~ used for th~ first time at large scale in the Third Int~rnational Mathematics and Science Study (a comparative study which was carried out by the Int~mationai Assuciation fur Evaluation of Educational Achi~vement) with th~ purpos~ of assessing c~rtain complicat~d m~ntal pruc~ss~s such as prublem-solving, hypothesis forming, pr~dicting, hypoth~sis ksting , g~n~ralizing, and making cunclusiuns. These tasks w~r~ administ~r~d along with traditiunal pap~r and p~ncil tests in twu fi~lds, i. ~., sci~nce and math~matics. Th~ t~st~~s of this study w~r~ twu targ~t populatiuns: 9-y~ar-uld stud~nts frum 9 countri~s and I3-y~ar-old stud~nts from 19 participant cuuntri~s. In this artid~, the findings uf th~ study w~r~ ~xamin~d frum diff~r~nt points ofvi~w and a cross-comparisun has b~en made b~tw~~n th~ p~rformanc~ uf stud~nts in pap~r-andpencil ksts and hands-on tasks in diff~r~nt domains. According tu th~ findings, th~ ~ighth and fourth grad~ Iranian students' average scur~s in "sci~ntific probl~m sulving and applying concept knuwledge" cat~gory of hands-on tasks w~r~ high~r than th~ avcrag~ scor~ of th~ other participant countri~s in sci~nc~. Further, fuurth grade Iranian stud~nts' averag~ scur~ on items measuring "probl~m solving and math~matical reasoning" was high~r than th~ international av~rag~ in math. Moreover, the p~rformanc~ of Iranian stud~nts in both grad~s r~v~aIed that they did nut p~rform w~1I in "interpr~ting inv~stigational data". In addition, no statistically m~aningful ditI~r~nc~ was ohs~rv~d b~tw~~n th~ Iranian girl and boy stud~nts' p~rfurmanc~. Furth~rmor~, the high pusith'~ corr~latiun b~tw~~n th~ data gained frum pap~r-and-p~ncil t~sts and hands-on tasks and alsu th~ high amount uf cummon-varianc~ b~tween the two instruments are indicativ~ uf th~ fact that through the use of these two different types of instruments similar information is gain~d r~garding th~ stud~nts' capabilities. Formal testing in Iran's educational system has mainly been carried out through the use of two types of teacher-made tests: selected response items and constmcted response items, The former. i, e.. the multiple-choice achievement tests used in large-scale testing, measure the students' factual knowledge with regard to different subject matters and also their comprehension ability In fact. these items reveal the testees' success in undertaking a couple of tasks which do not require complicated mental processes on the part of the testees. Hence. in these items. little attention is paid to more demanding tasks such as problemsolving ones, The latter. i.e.. the constructed response items. are apparently effective tools for measuring more complex and higher-level learning outcomes, Of course. great care should be exercised to measure the desired behavior effectively. However, the use of essay-type questions dose not guarantee the successful measurement of the intended objectives since the prerequisite to obtaining reliable pieces of information through these items is investing a lot of time. money, and energy, In other words. the scoring procedure of these items is quite time-consuming. The umeliability 23/Journal of Humanities of the obtained test scores and also the sampling problem are from among the other shortcomings which paved the vvayfor using objective tests and at most the restricted response essay-type questions No matter what the objective and restricted essaytype items measure. they are not really effective tools for measuring the testees' abilities in handling problem-solving tasks. Recent studies on students' achievement and schooling in many countries including Iran. indicated that the tests used at schools do not 1) properly cover the content of the textbooks. 2) properly emphasize measuring higher-order abilities. and 3) provide specific information on what students actually know and are able to do. In order to effectively measure the testees' abilities to undertake complex problem-solving tasks, some pieces of information regarding the process skills and also how and when to apply knowledge and process are required. In fact, if interest lies in knowing how well and effective students use their prior knowledge in problem-solving situations, then alternative technologies for assessing achievement are needed Archive of SID


In their editorial on chromosomal abnormalities and psychosis Muir et al ([2006][1]) concluded that DISC1 `is an important modulator of risk for schizophrenia and severe affective disorder in people without cytogenetic abnormalities and may also influence cognition and brain structure in the general


The paper is concerned with distributed program execution control based on global application states monitoring for multi-core processors. The proposed control infrastructure is based on structural program elements called synchronizers, which collect program state information at the process and thread levels, discover strongly consistent application global states, evaluate control predicates on such states and send signals to application program threads and processes to stimulate global control actions. The paper discusses problems of designing program execution control based on global application states in the presence of dynamic composition of program in terms of processes and threads.


1,2 Doctoral student in computer engineering, the National Higher School of electricity and mechanics (ENSEM), Morocco 3Dr. Professor, Royal Navy School (ERN) of Morocco, Casablanca, Morocco 4Professor, the National Higher School of electricity and mechanics (ENSEM), Morocco 5Dr. Professor and Director, the National Higher School of electricity and mechanics (ENSEM), Morocco ---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------Abstract The use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) which can operate autonomously in dynamic and complex operational environments is becoming increasingly more common. During the last decade many research papers have been published on the topic of architecture, dynamic modeling and control strategies of autonomous multi rotors. This article highlights the primary differences between three multi rotor platforms: quad rotor, hexa rotor and octo rotor, a discussion is presented on the changes to the vehicle dynamics, controller and closed-loop performance as a result of augmenting the aircraft with additional rotors. The common properties of the vehicles are first presented. The differences in each configuration are then described.


Athens is a famous city of ancient Greece. From late 4th century B.C., its prosperous education reached the peak of western slavery social education development. The prosperity of Athenian education is not only closely related to the development of Athenian politics, economy, science and culture, but also related to people's education ideals and personalities.


The paper discusses the use of composite gaskets containing both metallic and non-metallic components to mitigate corrosion effects and provide high tightness class sealing on restricted flange face sealing areas.Copyright © 2011 by ASME


Mach 4.5 tests in a conventional trans-supersonic wind tunnel are often accompanied by the air liquefaction phenomenon, resulting in the low reliability of test data. The Mach 4.5 nozzle developed in a hypersonic wind tunnel is able to heat airflow and provide more accurate test data. At present, China does not have the capability to test the Mach 4.5 nozzle in the 0.5-meter hypersonic wind tunnel. This gap may be filled by developing the Mach 4.5 nozzle in the hypersonic wind tunnel. The axisymmetric nozzle profile was calculated by the inviscid flow calculation method, and the boundary layer was modified by the Sivells-Payne method. Then, the numerical simulation was carried out, and the simulation results prove that the nozzle profile thus calculated meets the design requirements of the Mach number. For its structural design, a three-section design method is adopted to ensure the continuity and smoothness of the inner surface so as to better calibrate the flow field. Standard model tests were also carried out. The test results show that the velocity field of the Mach 4.5 nozzle we developed meets technical requirements. The standard model test data provide data reliable support for the development of aircraft.


In order to up-grade high temperature properties of SiC/SiC composites, SiCbased fibers as the reinforcement, precursor polymers for the SiC-based matrix and the fiber/matrix interfacial structure were investigated. The crystallized Si-Al-C fiber (TyrannoSA) was very useful reinforcement for the excellent mechanical properties of SiC/SiC composites at high temperatire. It was founf that the co-polymer of polymethylsilane (PMS) and polycarbosilane (PCS) was able to be converted to a near-stoichiometric SiC matrix. The addition of ZrSiO4 particles into SiC-based matrix was improved the strength of SiC/SiC composite at high temperature in air, even the SiC-based matrix has included a lot of excess carbon. Tyarnno-ZMI-S6/C/SiC composite, which had the carbon-rich SiC interphase, exhibited about 400MPa of tensile strength at 1673K in air. Below 1600K in air for short time, SiC/SiC composites with h-BN interphase were good mechanical properties.


The present invention discloses an alkoxy-functional organopolysiloxane and a polymer resin, comprising the reaction of the reaction product of the following components: (i) comprising R3SiO1 / 2 units and SiO4 / 2 alkenyl functional silicone units siloxane resin; (ii) an alkoxy group having at least one silicon-bonded hydrogen atoms of the silane-functional organosiloxane compound at a molecular end; (iii) the formula R23Si- (R22SiO) s-SiR22H or R23Si- (R22SiO ) t- (HR2SiO) -SiR23 capping agent or a combination thereof; and a polyorganosiloxane (iv) has an average per molecule of at least two aliphatically unsaturated organic group, the reaction (v) hydrogenated carried out under the presence of a hydrosilylation catalyst. The alkoxy-functional organopolysiloxane resin and polymer, each R2 is independently a hydrocarbyl group and the subscripts s and t are independently has a value in the range of 0 to 10.


The invention discloses an information sending method for improving an AP retrieval efficiency. The method comprises: when a first electronic device corresponding to first identification information in M identification information is detected, first position information corresponding to a first position where the first electronic device is located is determined; whether a first corresponding relation between the first position information and the first identification information exists is determined; and if so, a first access point corresponding to the first position information and first configuration information corresponding to the first access point are sent to the first electronic device, so that the first electronic device is connected to the first access point according to the first configuration information. In addition, the invention also discloses a server and an electronic device that are used for realizing the method.


Most experimental reports of tunneling field-effect transistors show defect-related performance degradation. Charging of oxide traps causes Fermi-level pinning, and Shockley–Read–Hall (SRH)/trap-assisted tunneling (TAT) cause unwanted leakage current. In this paper, we study these degradation mechanisms using the pulsed I-V technique. Our simulations show pulsed I-V can fully suppress oxide trap charging, unlike SRH and TAT. We discuss several circuit-related pitfalls, and we demonstrate improved transfer characteristics by suppressing oxide trap charging using cryogenic pulsed I-V.


This study focuses on exploring the contribution of Kahoot! to students' skill enhancement. We set out to determine students' perceived judgments on how much their skills have improved as a result of using Kahoot! inside classrooms. Deviating from several related research, we not only looked at the effects of playing Kahoot! games but also of creating Kahoot! games. Using a survey that takes Bloom's taxonomy as its theoretical foundations, we elicited judgments from 95 university freshmen, sophomores, and juniors. Students' self-reports were analyzed using a series of one-way repeated measures ANOVA, which reveals a number of interesting results. First, students reported significant skill improvement when they played Kahoot! during class and even more so when they themselves were involved in the creation of Kahoot! games. Second, not all of the examined skills are subject to the same degree of improvements, leaving some room for educators to ponder how they can use gamification to effectively develop students' comprehensive skill set. Thirdly, freshmen and juniors reported the highest amount of skill improvements, indicating that certain game-based applications might be helpful for only certain groups of students. Taken together, we suggest that Kahoot! games can be utilized in classrooms for both knowledge enhancement and effective skill improvement.


Many natural disasters involving landslides, volcanic eruptions, fires, or floods entail terrain resurfacing, followed by subsequent recovery. Modern satellite and airborne remote sensing technologies, which combine broad spatial coverage and high spatial resolution with time-sequential site revisit capability, can provide important information on the extent and duration of major landscape disturbance. In humid climate settings, these hazards temporarily remove or replace a natural vegetation cover and in doing so, modify the physical properties of the land surface. In optical remote sensing, removal of vegetation alters surface albedo in the visible near infrared (V-NIR) waveband, particularly the high reflectance from vegetation in the NIR. For SAR remote sensing, removal of vegetation cover causes a change in dominant microwave scattering mechanism for the areas affected. SAR has operational advantages over optical sensors for rapid disaster assessment because of its day/night acquisition capability, the ability to "see through" smoke, clouds and dust, and the side-looking viewing geometry, which is an advantage whenever data collection directly above the site would prove dangerous. We show how multifrequency, fully-polarimetric airborne SAR data can be "inverted" for parameters that reflect scattering mechanism signatures diagnostic of different surface cover types. We apply a uniform approach to map landslides resulting from the 1999 Mw 7.6 Chi-Chi earthquake in Taiwan and volcanic flows from the major 1996 eruption of Manam volcano in Papua New Guinea. In addition, earlier work has shown that multifrequency SAR polarimetric backscatter is sensitive to total above-ground biomass. This attribute can be exploited to calculate vegetation loss during a disaster and for assessment of regrowth during the recovery phase.


Since 1990s,the logistics industry in developed countries has turned from industrial division to industrial convergence,which now has become the developing trend of logistics industry in the world.The level of logistics industry is one of the standards to judge a country's modernization and comprehensive strength.Therefore,the study of convergence in this field has both theoretical and practical significance.After analyzing the convergence in developed countries' logistics industry,this article explores the reasons for such phenomenon.


6D object pose tracking has been extensively studied in the robotics and computer vision communities. The most promising solutions, leveraging on deep neural networks and/or filtering and optimization, exhibit notable performance on standard benchmarks. However, to our best knowledge, these have not been tested thoroughly against fast object motions. Tracking performance in this scenario degrades significantly, especially for methods that do not achieve real-time performance and introduce non negligible delays. In this work, we introduce ROFT, a Kalman filtering approach for 6D object pose and velocity tracking from a stream of RGB-D images. By leveraging real-time optical flow, ROFT synchronizes delayed outputs of low frame rate Convolutional Neural Networks for instance segmentation and 6D object pose estimation with the RGB-D input stream to achieve fast and precise 6D object pose and velocity tracking. We test our method on a newly introduced photorealistic dataset, Fast-YCB, which comprises fast moving objects from the YCB model set, and on the dataset for object and hand pose estimation HO-3D. Results demonstrate that our approach outperforms state-of-the-art methods for 6D object pose tracking, while also providing 6D object velocity tracking. A video showing the experiments is provided as supplementary material.


ture. However, we think that such a correction would not substantially modify our values of excess entropy. This view is supported by comparison with the Ga-Bi system (9) which is analogous to the Ga-Pb system in many aspects. In fact, excess entropies are positive in bismuthrich alloys (-0.07 e.u. at 90 at. % Bi) and negative at intermediate compositions (-0.2 e.u. at 30 at. YO Bi). This is not surprising, because lead and bismuth are neighbors in the sixth period of the Periodic Table and have similar properties as shown in Table I I I . A s one can see, the difference in electronegativity for Ga-Bi alloys is greater than or at least equal to that for Ga-Pb alloys. Taking into account the errors which affect the electronegativity values, one could attribute the differences of excess entropies between Ga-Bi and Ga-Pb alloys to electronic peculiarities. This seems supported by the maximum mixing enthalpy of Ga-Pb alloys which is larger than that of Ga-Bi alloys (920 and 504 cal/g-atom, respectively). At present, we cannot regard the excess entropies of Ga-Pb alloys as more reliable than those of Predel and Stein for our assumption on Newman-Kopp law validity. Further calorimetric measurements of mixing enthalpies at 1143K should be carried out to get entropy values from direct experimental data.


PURPOSE
To evaluate the feasibility and quality of adaptive radiation therapy (ART) re-planning for head-and-neck (H/N) cancer using SCORE, an in-house graphics processing unit (GPU)-based automatic re-planning system.

METHODS
Our in-house automatic re-planning system SCORE utilizes GPU computational efficiency to register CT images, deform contours, and re-optimize treatment plans. We used SCORE to generate two re-plans for ten previously-treated bilateral H/N patients who were re-planned during the course of their IMRT treatment. The first plan (AUTOCONTOUR&AUTOPLAN) employed the full automatic replanning procedure while the second plan (AUTOPLAN) used the approved manually re-contoured structures from the clinically treated re-plan for SCORE optimization. To evaluate SCORE performance in terms of plan quality, both with and without human intervention in the contouring process, we compared the two SCORE plans to the clinically-delivered plan.

RESULTS
We compared dose volume histograms along with max/mean organ dose for each plan to the clinically treated re-plan. For AUTOCONTOUR&AUTOPLAN, we cast the manually re-contoured structures over the dose distribution to be able to compare dose on the same contours. Averaging over 10 patients, AUTOPLAN&AUTOCONTOUR reduced max brainstem, max cord, mean left parotid, and mean right parotid relative dose by 17.2(SD:12.4)%, 3.5(SD:6.3)%, 9.1(SD:6.5)%, and 9.6(SD:6.4)%, respectively, but also decreased high dose PTV coverage with a relative dose difference of - 10.3(SD:3.83)% at 99% of the volume. AUTOPLAN reduced max brainstem, max cord, mean left parotid, and mean right parotid relative dose by 22.7(SD:9.2)%, 10.8(SD:7.8)%, 9.1(SD:8.0)%, and 5.5(SD:5.8)%, respectively, while the high-dose PTV at 99% of volume increased by 0.1(SD:1.6)% and volume greater than 110% of the dose increased by 5.7(SD:6.5)%.

CONCLUSION
We found the automated AUTOCONTOUR&AUTOPLAN demonstrated organ sparing improvements, but decreased PTV coverage. The partially automated AUTOPLAN showed significant dosimetric improvements in terms of both organ sparing and PTV coverage but yielded plans that may be considered clinically hot.


While so many of her fellow European writers, like Zweig, either naively celebrated the mechanical wonders of Henry Ford's factories or made paranoid forecasts of American jazz music squelching out Europe's symphonies and concertos, the author of those lines, Ann Tizia Leitich (1891-1976), contended that America is much more than an ideological projection space for Europe's hopes and fears.  As the American correspondent for Vienna's influential Neue Freie Presse newspaper, Leitich chronicles the complexity and power of the United States from a specific, personal and intimate perspective.  In this article, I will argue that Leitich counters the popular interwar perception of Europe as a beautiful, doomed culture that is under attack by a soulless but powerful American civilization.  Focusing on her appropriation of Oswald Spengler's dichotomy between civilization and culture, I will explore Leitich's concept of a cultural syncretism that combines artistic beauty and economic power in a mutually beneficial relationship.


The Echinostomatidae is a large group of Digenetic trematodes parasitizing a large group of vertebrates all over the world. Despite availability of a vast literature on the family, confusion still prevails on the position of several genera. Several eminent helminthologists viz., Dietz( 1909,1910), Odhner (1911), Travassos (1922), Faust (1929), Mendheim (1943), Skrjabin et al (1956), Ben Dawes (1948), Yamaguti (1948), Kostadinova (2005) and others have contributed enormously to our knowledge of this group of parasites. Apart from history and classification of the family, human Echinostomiasis caused by heavy infection of certain Echinistomes has also been discussed. A redescription of Echinostoma bancrofti Johnston (1928) based on the newly collected specimens from a new host Fulica atra is also given which is the first record from India.


We study a diffusive Lotka-Volterra competition system with advection under Neumann boundary conditions. Our system models a competition relationship that one species escape from the region of high population density of their competitors in order to avoid competitions. We establish the global existence of bounded classical solutions for the system in one-dimensional domain. For multi-dimensional domains, globally bounded classical solutions are obtained for a parabolic-elliptic system under proper assumptions on the system parameters. These global existence results make it possible to study bounded steady states in order to model species segregation phenomenon. We then investigate the stationary problem in one-dimensional domains. Through bifurcation theory, we obtain the existence of nonconstant positive steady states, which are small perturbations from the positive equilibrium; we also study the stability of these bifurcating solutions when the diffusion coefficient of the escaper is large and the diffusion coefficient of its competitor is small. In the limit of large advection rate, we show that the reaction-advection-diffusion system converges to a shadow system involving the competitor population density and an unknown positive constant. The existence and stability of positive solutions to the shadow system have also been obtained through bifurcation theories. Finally, we construct positive solutions with an interior transition layer to the shadow system when the crowding rate of the escaper and the diffusion rate of its interspecific competitors are sufficiently small. The transition-layer solutions can be used to model the species segregation phenomenon.


507 Background: Tumor PIK3CA mutations (mts) and lymphocyte infiltration (LI) are prognostic in BC, but their importance is unknown in HER2-positive (HER2+) BC treated with adjuvant trastuzumab (T). Methods: The FinHER trial randomized 1010 patients (pts) with pN+ or high-risk pN- BC to 3 cycles of docetaxel (D) or vinorelbine, followed by 3 cycles of FEC. Pts with HER2+ BC were further randomized to 9 weeks of T or no T (n=232). Pts treated with D and T had superior outcome in prior analyses. BC samples were subjected to somatic hotspot mt profiling (Sequenom) and quantification of percentage tumor LI using full-face H&E sections. RFS and interactions with T were explored with Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses. Results: The median FU time was 62 months. 935 (92.6%) and 687 (68.1%) tumors underwent LI and mt analysis, respectively. Correlation of LI assessment between 2 pathologists was 0.78 (p<0.001). 54 mts detected in 13 genes were evaluated. PIK3CA mts (exons 1,2,9,13,18,20) was present in 25.3...


A collection of small crinoids and crinoid debris from the Ashgill (Rawtheyan?) of Cnwce, near St. Clears, Dyfed, southwest Wales includes numerous crowns of Aithriocrinus strahani n. gen. and sp. incertae familiae, an indeterminate 10–armed camerate(?) and an indeterminate multiple-armed camerate. Aithriocrinus strahani was previously considered to be a cincinnaticrinid, but it is undoubtedly dicyclic and therefore a cladid. This is the only diverse fauna of complete crinoids known from the Welsh Ashgill. The monobathrid camerate Xenocrinus S. A. Miller is easily recognized from its disarticulated columnals, which are square in outline. Xenocrinus columnals are now recognized from three Hirnantian localities in Wales. Xenocrinus became extinct during the Hirnantian and not at the Rawtheyan–Hirnantian boundary, as has been suggested on the basis of crown material.


On the basis of the research in MOOTW equipment support,the problems in the process of allocation of MOOTW equipment support resources as well as the facts affecting the modeling are also discussed.DSCP is applied to model the decision making of MOOTW resources allocation and a detailed case analysis is offered to demonstrate the feasibility of this model.


The article is devoted to the legal analysis of the term «environment». It is established that these concepts are to a large extent synonymous and, in contrast to the ecological science, which embraces the designation of the external world surrounding the living entities to the extent that it is perceived by the organs of sensation and organs of animal movement and induces them to certain behavior, the
domestic legislation and ecological-legal literature consider them mainly from the standpoint of the environment of a person, whichlargely narrows their essence.
For example, in one case, the term "environment" covers, for some reason, only the living conditions of a person and other objectsof artificial origin, and on the other – all natural objects with which the society interacts and which predetermine its existence andwell-being. It is believed that natural objects that are beyond human influence do not belong to protected objects and that in reality thereare no natural resources that exist in the surroundings of a person.
In addition, there is a problem of legal definition of these legal terms. The conducted research showed that all of these terms donot have their legislative definition, especially since they all are the result of the translation of a single foreign term – "environment".
It was clarified that the legislation indirectly deals only with separate legal features of the above concepts, which allow distinguishingfrom the above-mentioned terms only someone in connection with their identical interpretation. At the same time, in Russianlegislation and literature, the term «environment» has several different meanings, which have their ownlegislatively defined notions
and do not have their confirmation in the legislation of most other countries of the world. In this regard, itis proposed to make a legaladjustment of these terms and to legislate only the necessary ones. Such terms can be «environment» and «natural environment».


Abstract Bowel duplication with heterotopic gastric mucosa (HGM) is a known but uncommon pathology. It usually presents with intussusception or melena in the early years of life. We present a case of ileal duplication with HGM with a rare presentation of bowel perforation and peritonitis in an adult male.