Recent advances in low power microprocessors and power storage technology have allowed for the design of a broad range of sensor network platforms. Current sensor network platforms fall into one of two main categories, low power, application specific platforms and full featured general purpose platforms with higher power consumption. The former generally consist of a power-efficient microprocessor and a few application specific resources, while the latter generally have a general purpose processor and a full complement of resources available via a GPIO interface. General purpose platforms are readily available and can be adapted to almost any application but are less efficient with respect to power consumption than application specific solutions. Application specific solutions are extremely efficient and well suited to the problem they are designed for, but are time consuming and expensive to build. MASS is a modular sensor node architecture that enables rapid development of an application specific solution. While not as power-efficient as a completely custom solution, MASS provides application flexibility while being much more efficient than common-off-the-shelf general purpose sensor platforms. Because MASS is modular in both it's software and hardware design, it is straightforward to extend both the software platform and the hardware supporting it to suit an application. What this means is that a custom sensor network solution is now available at a much lower cost, and in a much shorter time-frame than was previously available. This makes a whole new class of sensor network applications feasible.


TO THE EDITOR: The editorial by Margolius and Bodenheimer (1) in response to the successful Dutch after-hours primary care model reviewed by Giesen and colleagues (2) does not mention several essential differences between the U.S. and Dutch health care systems that would make the process of adopting such a model in the United States difficult. The Netherlands and most of Western Europe have invested in more developed primary care systems than the United States and seem to value primary care physicians more—there is a notably smaller salary gap between specialists and primary care providers in those countries. Specialty societies in the United States are adamant about not reducing their members' income to enhance that of the primary care sector. Health insurance is mandatory in the Netherlands, enhancing access and limiting out-of-pocket expense. Taking time off from work to see a physician is not as anxiety-provoking. Here, at least in Boston, extending office hours seems only to shift the time of regular patient visits from weekdays to evenings and weekends. Recently, "patient-directed" (that is, higher deductibles and copayment) insurance plans have led to more telephone calls during off hours to manage patient problems without an office visit, and its fee. Primary care providers are disproportionally burdened in the United States. Too many hours, administrative hassles, less compensation, and the unmistakable feeling of an increasingly salarythreatening schizophrenic demand to boost productivity while being tasked with constraining health care system costs does not make for a very attractive career choice. The creeping "conditional" nature of the mechanism for enhancing one's salary is most marked in primary care. Surgeons and specialty physicians do not conditionally generate additional income by not operating or by performing fewer procedures. Asking primary care organizations to now assume a disproportionally large share of financial risk for the provision of care to a population of patients only worsens the environment. Medical student internship choices show that idealism and altruism—often accompanied by substantial debt—will significantly limit those same choices, more often away from primary care. Accountable care organizations will certainly promote less emergency department use to reduce cost or financial risk, but the elephant in the boardroom will be the one who gains control of the organization. It's not only hospital administration versus physicians—there could be "blood on the floor" as specialists and primary care physicians vie for the power of the purse. Experience unfortunately holds out scant hope for increasing the value of primary care cognitive services in the accountable care organization as opposed to the procedure-oriented services of the specialties. My longitudinal view of 30 years in primary care—from friendly to managed competition; to oppressive managed care HMO gatekeepers; to expensive preferred and exclusive provider organizations; to urgent, large-scale institutional consolidation; to cut-throat competition; to high deductible, cost-shifting, patient-directed plans, and currently accountable care organizations—parallels the clear decline in its practice environment, prestige, relative compensation, and numbers of newly minted primary care physicians. Until our country's health care system radically evolves to a value-driven (that is, primary care–driven) institution that covers all Americans, we can only admire how far ahead of us—at least in certain system-related aspects—are the Dutch and the other European primary care structures. All the while, our patients experience even longer waits and incur even greater expense in our state-of-theart emergency rooms.


O n July 07, 2005 the New York Times published a letter submitted by the Roman Catholic Cardinal Christoph Schönborn. In this letter he raised the claim that nature provides evidence for intelligent design and criticizes evolutionary biologists for being unable to recognize the design. The letter reads: "Any system of thought that denies or seeks to explain away the overwhelming evidence for design in biology is ideology, not science." and "Scientific theories that try to explain away the appearance of design as the result of 'chance and necessity' are not scientific at all, but ... an abdication of human intelligence." Thereby, the Cardinal rejects the concept of evolution driven by random variation and selection, apostrophized as "chance and necessity" in the Neo-Darwinian spirit. The two quoted sentences are remarkable not only because the Cardinal aims at the recognition of intelligent design in nature but also because he accuses evolutionary biologists of adhering to an ideology. Almost all scientists who answered the letter reacted sharply because they felt that science has its own well-established rules for the dialog of the researcher with nature, and this dialog so far has not led to the necessity to assume a plan or a designer for understanding the evolution of the biosphere. The reaction of the nonscientific public, however, was ambiguous: Some answers were liberal and said: "Let the scientists do their job and define what science is about, and accordingly the Cardinal should care about belief and religion." An appreciable fraction of letters to newspapers in response to the letter in the New York Times, however, welcomed the Cardinal's position because they found that time has come to regulate scientific thought. Without digging into the deeper reasons of the somewhat burdened relation between science and laymen in the public, it seems in place to address some facts concerning the issues on which the most frequently invoked arguments for design are built. In the following six paragraphs an attempt is made to present these facts in the light of biology of today, which is more than 50 years after the formulation of the synthetic or Neo-Darwinian theory of evolution.


This paper dissects the relationship between human capital stock and real GDP per capita in Bangladesh using VEC and VAR techniques. Results show that GDP granger causes aggregate human capital stock. This paper constructs a measure of Bangladesh's human capital stock for the period of 1973-2004 using the perpetual inventory method. Innovations in secondary and higher secondary education are found to have the greatest short to medium-term impact on the country's real GDP. Consistently this research also finds evidence that the variance of the human capital sequence is strongly influenced by shocks to the GDP sequence, whereas the evolution of GDP over the medium term is relatively unaffected by shocks to aggregate human capital stock. These results show that increases in human capital tend to follow income. The findings of this research suggest that secondary and higher secondary education should be emphasized by Bangladesh.


Printed circuit board (PCB)-based headers of Rogowski current sensors (HRCSs) have garnered growing interest from researchers in recent years, and they have been widely applied in many electrical scenarios due to their advanced features, such as nondeformable volume, flexible shape and size, and low cost. The determination of PCB HRCS parameters mainly depends on a time-consuming finite-element simulation, but these simulations cannot be used to calculate PCB HRCSs with a complex irregular structure or high-density thin winding wire. This article presents a method to calculate a PCB HRCS to address complex irregular structures and high-density thin winding wire. Furthermore, because it does not involve the time-consuming meshing process, this method is relatively fast. Taking two HRCSs with a given complex structure and thin winding wire as examples, we used the proposed method to determine its sensitivity, anti-interference characteristics, and the influence of the obtained internal parasitic capacitance and inductance parameters on the measured output voltage. Moreover, the optimal structural parameters of these PCB HRCSs are discussed when the installation space and the cross section of the measured conductor are given. The results of the high-density PCB HRCS experiments verify the proposed method.


The Plan and equipment of vertical lifting are very important in high-rise building construction site, and unmanned lifts usage is increasing for financial and efficient reason. However if lift stop position error occur, It can be accumulated. And the lift can not be available during an engineer fix the problem. So loss of time and cost will occur when lifts have problems. This paper reports an improved lift stop position sensing device for preventing loss of time and cost from lift stop position error. The result of tests showed that the system has a correction function of lift stop position error, and the accuracy of device which was developed in this paper was about 9.75mm better than existing equipment.


A steady-state simulation model is established,the model consists of compressor,condenser,thermostatic expansion and the combined-type heat pipe evaporator.By running the entire heat pump system experimental platform,a large number of experimental date is collected through the tests,the experimental results is showed that simulation is very successful and match the running situation.


THE POSSIBILITY OF Iran acquiring nuclear weapons leads some experts to suggest that such a development may be containable. They argue that a stable balance of deterrence can be achieved with Iran, akin to the nuclear equilibrium between the U.S. and the Soviet Union during the Cold War. I will argue that this is an erroneous proposition, as the levels of instability and risk involved in nuclear armament in the Middle East are incalculably higher. My view is based, among other considerations, on the working assumption that a nuclear Iran will lead to the development of a nuclear capability by other regional players, such as Saudi Arabia, Egypt, and Turkey. Certain models from game theory are important here. These models were part of the basis on which U.S. strategy during the Cold War was conceived and formulated, and for the concepts developed by Robert McNamara, the Rand Corporation, and others. (1) These models have a unique status in the realm of strategy because, in the nuclear field, there is hardly any empirical experience capable of providing a better source of knowledge than such models. (2) The analysis of nuclear strategy on which I will focus refers to the "core era" of the Cold War, from the mid-I960s to the mid-I980s. The formative idea of this core era was mutual nuclear deterrence based on second-strike retaliation capability. Both sides benefited from enormous nuclear redundancy, so that even if one side was to initiate a nuclear attack, the other side would still possess sufficient residual nuclear capability to completely destroy the initiating side with a retaliatory strike. Accordingly, the nuclear destruction of both sides was assured (Mutually Assured Destruction, or mad), and nuclear weapons became the resource not to be used. The period preceding this core era was characterized by learning and adapting to the new weapons' strategic rationale, which gave rise to the massive retaliation strategy of the I950s, eventually abandoned as impractical, and the Cuban Missile Crisis, which led to the development of agreed rules for the nuclear game. After the core era the Reagan administration attempted to replace the nuclear deterrence paradigm with the concept of prevailing in a nuclear war, e.g., making use of the SDI project. Even during the core era there were some notions deviating from mad, such as the use of tactical nuclear weapons, nuclear strikes against military assets only ("counterforce"), gradual nuclear escalation, or nuclear demonstration attack, but these did not become the central principle of nuclear strategy. A poor man's MAD? THE MAD CONCEPT depends on the survivability of nuclear capability, which enables a second-strike retaliation even after sustaining the initiator's nuclear strike. Such survivability is achieved in two ways. The first is numerical superfluity. Indeed, during the core era the superpowers maintained thousands of nuclear warheads. The second way is highly survivable launch platforms, such as deep-water nuclear submarines able to loiter under the polar icecap, a fleet of bombers continuously airborne around the globe, and silo-based or mobile ground-launched ballistic missiles. These means ensured two basic conditions: Intelligence would not be able to locate all platforms at any given moment, and even if a platform was located it could prove difficult to destroy. The U.S. and the Soviet Union learned that there were additional conditions to be met in order to support a second strike, first among them that the two sides must be geographically removed from each other. The Cuban crisis was partially due to the fact that positioning of missiles in such proximity to the U.S. could shorten early warning time and limit U.S. retaliation (at least in respect of command and control and retaliation from the continental U.S.). The second condition was identification of attack. In the case of superpowers, only massive launching of thousands of weapons could potentially destroy nuclear capability. …


The X-ray structure of cis-bis(2,6-diphenylpyridinato-N, C2′)platinum(II) shows the first example of helical chirality for a 'square planar' co-ordination compound with nonchiral ligands; 1H NMR investigations indicate no racemization of the compound in solution on the NMR time scale.


The authors point out that space-varying cellular neural networks (CNNs) are characterized by nearest-neighbor interconnections represented by a cell-dependent connectivity matrix A/sub ij/. This biologically inspired architecture has many potential applications. Here, space-varying CNNs are used to design a cellular associative memory.<<ETX>>


An important method of nonlinear dynamic analysis of structures is employing ground acceleration timehistories and step by step integration of the equation of motion. Building codes establish different requirements for accelerograms used for this purpose. To meet such requirements it is usual to multiply all values of the series by the same number. As a result the response spectrum can become non-compatible with the design spectrum. This study presents a technique to get a record that is very close to the design spectrum along all frequencies. This technique involves the following steps: (1) spectral analysis of the original accelerogram, (2) filtering by bands of the original accelerogram, (3) scaling of each band of filtering, and (4) adding up the filtered and scaled accelerograms. This technique has been applied to buildings representing main steel frames subclasses. The results are very similar to those obtained with the method of nonlinear static analysis.


Genetic diversity and differentiation in the endangered shrub Tetraena mongol ica were compared with those of its relative Zygophyllum xanthoxylon from the same habitat on the western Ordos Plateau using the method of vertical poly acrylamide gel electrophonesis. Allozyme data indicated that both plant species maintained a relatively high level of genetic variation as compared with other s hrubs. However the endangered shrub had lower population-level genetic variatio n, with P(Percentage of loci polymorphic)=60% and 83.3%, A(Mean No. of alleles p er locus) = 1 6 and 2.2, He(Mean expected heterozygosity) = 0.245 and 0.392 re spectively. Ge netic differentiation among populations was low with G st value being 0.051 and 0 .020 respectively. These results confirm that genetic issues are not the same, n or as pressing in all endangered plants, and that conservation strategies should therefore not all be the same.


Answering a question raised in [SIAM J. Comput., 10 (1981), pp. 746–750], we show that every bridgeless multigraph with v vertices and e edges can be covered by simple circuits whose total length is at most $\min ( \tfrac{5}{3} e, e + \tfrac{7}{3} v - \tfrac{7}{3} )$. Our proof supplies an efficient algorithm for finding such a cover.


Sentiment analysis is an important field in natural language processing, the development of which has been greatly promoted by deep learning recently. However, previous studies focused on the structure of the model, and did not make full use of text semantics and label information. Moreover, the traditional model does not perform well in complex fine-grained sentiment classification. In this paper, we propose a new deep neural network model WXLNet-MTLE. By modifying XLNet language model, the utilization of text information and the language expression ability have been greatly improved. At the same time, we add Multi-Task Lable Embedding to improve the generalization ability of our model in its downstream sentiment analysis tasks. Comparative analysis are carried out on the data sets of 3 different tasks and 8 different scenarios. The experimental results show that WXLNet-MTLE performs better in sentiment analysis of multiple scenes than the other models.


Conventional aerobic technologies based on activated sludge processes are dominantly applied for the treatment of domestic wastewater due to the high efficiency achieved, the possibility for nutrient removal and the high operational flexibility. Anaerobic pre-treatment of domestic wastewater can serve a viable and cost-effective alternative due to its relatively low construction and operational cost, operational simplicity, low production of excess sludge, production of energy in form of biogas and applicability in small and large scales. A viable alternative is the sequential anaerobic–aerobic systems. The performance of the integrated anaerobic/aerobic wastewater treatment system (AAWTS) for domestic wastewater treatment has been investigated. The domestic wastewater and activated sludge were collected from Ras El-Bar wastewater treatment plant. The overall removal efficiency of the suggested system, is in the order TSS < TN < BOD < Cl = TDS < COD < NH3.The deficiency of the applied AAWTS may be due to the limiting effect of salts on the biological treatment of saline influents. [Talaat A. Hegazy, M. A. Abdel-Magied, A. Al-Asmar, and M. S. Ibrahim. Environmental Studies of Domestic Wastewater Treatment Using Integrated Anaerobic/Aerobic System. Journal of American Science 2011;7(3):485-492]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.americanscience.org.


Pressure ulcers (PUs) continue to be prevalent despite technologic advances in equipment development and repeated attempts to improve education and preventive efforts. Diligence and timeliness of adequate pressure relief are felt to be the cornerstone to PU prevention. The evidence supporting clinical recommendations for pressure relief is lacking, however, leading to inconsistencies in clinical guidelines. The purpose of this study is to contribute to the evidence base on PU pathophysiology and prevention in people with spinal cord injury (SCI) by delineating the microvascular mechanisms that occur during sitting and pressure relief maneuvers, including perfusion, oxygenation, and interface pressure. By understanding these key physiologic responses, health care professionals and consumers with SCI will be enabled to more effectively prevent the onset of PUs. The overriding goal of this project is to develop an algorithm that will assist clinicians in providing individualized recommendations specifying op...


A previous paper (Sharp, 2001) presented evidence to suggest that men and women working in outdoor education tend to adopt different styles of leadership. It was reasoned that if this is true, then courses designed to train leaders in outdoor activities should reflect these differences if they are to be properly effective. The present study examined this hypothesis through a postal survey to over 800 people involving course providers, leaders and aspirant leaders in mountain, paddle and snow sports. There was dear support for the perceived existence of variations in leadership style, but whilst many thought this was gender‐based, others considered that variations were accounted for better by variables such as age and experience. There was a clear view that these differences should not be reflected in single‐sex leadership courses, but there was support for changes in the way that courses are marketed and publicised; National Governing Bodies should examine especially the general image portrayed to the public through literature, advertising resources and role models.


Galloping is the term used to describe large amplitude single degree of freedom motions of a structure associated with a sectional aerodynamics force characteristic which produces a force in the direction of and in phase with the cross-wind motion. Detailed experimental investigations show that freestream turbulence has profound effects on the galloping behaviour of a square tower. It is generally believed that increase in freestream turbulence increases the turbulence mixing in the separated shear layers and the rate of entrainment from the wake, and decreases the radius of curvature of the shear layers. These effects significantly alter the galloping behaviour of the tower. It is also shown that the fine scale turbulence produced by a thin rod upstream of the stagnation streamline of the tower is sufficient to cause these effects. (TRRL)


This article reports on optimization of natural zeolite as filler in polypropylene composite. Effects of zeolite loading and surface treatment were performed in this work. Prior to mixing process, zeolite was ground by ring mill into a powder form. The composites were prepared using Thermo Haake Polydrive internal mixer and then compression molded according to standard test specimen. Tensile and impact tests were performed to characterize the mechanical properties of untreated and treated composites. The obtained experimental values of Young's modulus were then related to the theoretical predictions using a Halpin—Tsai equation. The theoretical prediction resulted in greater values of tensile modulus compared to the experimental values. A morphological study was done on the tensile fractured surface using a scanning electron microscopy. A Fourier transform infrared spectra analysis was performed on the composites to study the interaction between the polypropylene and functional group of stearic acid and vinyl silane. It was found that the tensile strength, elongation at break, and impact strength decreased but the Young's modulus increased with increasing zeolite content. The addition of coupling agents was proved to enhance the mechanical properties of zeolite/polypropylene composite. However, stearic acid has little effect in improving the composite mechanical properties in comparison with vinyl silane.


Disparities in oral health and access to dental care among older Americans will become more critical with the aging of the seventy-six million baby boomers—a generation that will begin to retire in 2006 and start reaching age sixty-five in 2011.[1][1] At a time when the elderly are an ever-larger


Photooxidation of molecules involves both surface and electronic properties of a semiconducting catalyst. Here, we investigate the photoreduction of O2 molecules on the perfect and defective (i.e., with oxygen vacancies) (100) anatase surface by treating molecules on the surface like defects. Our results give a novel evidence of the acceptor behavior of the O2 molecule and reveal a central role of the vacancies in the photoreduction process.


With the development of globalization of the world economy in the 21st century,many construction enterprises in China have realized the importance of performance management as a key aspect of human resource management and made efforts to put it into practice.However,the effect of these efforts in practicing performance management is not satisfying,even causing disputes and conflicts among employees.This paper tries to explore the problems in performance management,analyze the reasons behind them and put forward some counter-measures to improve personnel performance in construction enterprises.


Radiation etiology is suggested in the occurrence of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) of the skin among atomic bomb (A‐bomb) survivors. Any genotoxicity, including ionizing radiation, can induce a DNA damage response (DDR), leading to genomic instability (GIN), which allows the accumulation of mutations during tumorigenesis. In this study, the authors evaluated the presence of GIN in the epidermis of survivors as a late effect of A‐bomb radiation.


Handwritten character recognition is an active research challenge,especially for Indian scripts. This paper deals with handwritten Malayalam, with a complete set of basic characters, vowel and consonant signs and compound characters that may be present in the script. Spatial domain features suitable for recognition are chosen in this work. For classification, k-NN, SVM and ELM are employed


In our days it becomes clear that not only the genetic information encoded in the sequence of DNA is responsible for gene expression profile but the epigenetic signature encoded in the pattern of modifications of histones that associate with DNA in chromosomes also plays a very important role in the determination of gene expression. Octomere of histones (H3/H4 and H2A/H2B) and a segment of DNA surrounding histone proteins compose a nucleosome, a basic unit of chromatin that in turn is the first level of chromosome organization. Besides the hypermethylation of CpG islands of DNA that leads to gene repression multiple modifications of histones also influence gene expression either activating or inhibiting it. These histone modifications altogether are called a "histone code" and include such diverse covalent modifications of Lys, Arg, Ser residues of histones as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, ADP-ribosylation, ubiquitination that are usually reversible. While acetylation of histones is an activating mark, methylation of histones at particular residues could be either repressive or activating modification. Although changes in histone modification pattern already lead to changes in gene expression, the data were accumulated indicating that complete replacement of whole nucleosome or nucleosome arrays with newly synthesized and modified nucleosomes could induce gene activation or repression. In this review the data on different epigenetic mechanisms of gene expression regulation will be presented. Regulation of interferon-beta gene expression will be described in more details as comprehensively studied example of epigenetic regulation of gene expression.


A molecular network theory incorporating the concept of entanglement disruption and regeneration was previously developed to describe not only steady‐state but also transient rheological properties of monodisperse polymer melts and concentrated solutions. The viscoelastic responses of these systems are dominated by a rapid segmental motion at short times and a more sluggish, structure‐dependent network relaxation process at long times. In a binary blend of monodisperse fractions, the entangled network is composed of chains of two different lengths. The chain dynamics, and thus the characteristic response time, of each component in such a system is influenced by the presence of the coexistent component. This interaction is accommodated by a simple mixing assumption, which leads to accurate predictions of composition‐dependent linear viscoelastic properties, such as zero‐shear viscosity. In addition, the model gives an excellent description of the shear‐rate‐dependent viscosity curves of binary blends of va...


Shaking of the head may be followed by nystagmus in some instances. There has been no established theory about the way of head shaking or the responsible site for the resulting nystagmus. Thus, the author tried to establish the effective way to head shaking and to clarify the responsible site for development of nystagmus following head shaking in search of proper treatment for vertigo or disturbed sense of equilibrium.Horizontal head shaking performed by the author as a clinical test failed to cause nystagmus in healthy subjects. From the result on experiments in rabbits and in clinical study in which the subjects were stimulated on their inner ear and on the cervix either separately or simulatenously, development of head shaking afternystagmus (HSAN) was possibly triggered by stimulation of the peripheral labyrinth. In HSAN test, however, the patient's neck is also twisted by head shaking and this caused the marked change of the peripheral blood flow of the vertebralbasilar artery, That was probably the reason why HSAN more frequently developed in insufficiency of the vertebral-basilar arterial circulation than in disturbances of the peripheral labyrinth.It means that the site which should be regarded as the most important responsible site for development of nystagmus following head shaking would be the vertebral-basilar artery, followed by the peripheral labyrinth, the cerebral stem and soft tissues at the cervix. The test adopted by the author was simple and useful for establishment of the responsible site for vertigo and disturbed sense of equilibrium as well as for observation of the patient's clinical progress.


The aim in health and social care should be the maintenance of an individual's level of independence, no matter how limited. Pauline Newson explains the importance of 'doing with' and not 'doing for.'


Young's double-slit experiment is commonly used in undergraduate physics laboratory to show the wave nature of light. As an alternative to expensive commercial kits, here we present an automated, low–cost light intensity measurement setup that allows real-time visualization of the interference pattern. The light intensity is measured by a light dependent resistor placed on the head of a dot matrix printer. The head motion is controlled by an Arduino which also collects the data and send them to a computer. The interference pattern obtained by the setup is in agreement with a model that includes the degree of the coherence of the light source and the effective size related to the light collecting area of the resistor. The apparatus allows quantitative data analysis from the measured light patterns and is suitable to be used in undergraduate physics laboratories.


Measurements of the charge-dependent two-particle angular correlation function in proton-lead (pPb) collisions at a nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energy of $\sqrt{s_\mathrm{NN}}$ = 8.16 TeV and lead-lead (PbPb) collisions at$\sqrt{s_\mathrm{NN}}$ = 5.02 TeV are reported. The pPb and PbPb datasets correspond to integrated luminosities of 186\nbinv and 0.607 nb$^{-1}$, respectively, and were collected using the CMS detector at the CERN LHC. The charge-dependent correlations are characterized by balance functions of same- and opposite-sign particle pairs. The balance functions, which contain information about the creation time of charged particle pairs and the development of collectivity, are studied as functions of relative pseudorapidity ($\Delta \eta$) and relative azimuthal angle ($\Delta \phi$), for various multiplicity and transverse momentum ($p_\mathrm{T}$) intervals. A multiplicity dependence of the balance function is observed in $\Delta \eta$ and $\Delta \phi$ for both systems. The width of the balance functions decreases towards high-multiplicity collisions in the momentum region $\lt$2 GeV, for pPb and PbPb results. No multiplicity dependence is observed at higher transverse momentum. The data are compared with HYDJET, HIJING and AMPT generator predictions, none of which capture completely the multiplicity dependence seen in the data.


AbstractOffset aerators are a common design for the prevention of cavitation damage to chute spillways. The aeration capacity is linked to the offset air cavity length and jet velocity. Observation...


BACKGROUND: A Spinal disc herniation (prolapsusdisciintervertebralis) is acondition affecting the spine in which a tear in the outer, fibrous ring (annulus fibrosus) of an intervertebral disc allows the soft, central portion (nucleus pulposus) to bulge out beyond the damaged outer rings. The patent presents usually with severe low backache with one or both sided lower limb radiation. MRI has assumed a prominent role in the imaging evaluation of the spine. The aim of this study is to evaluate 50 patients who presented to us with low backache and to study the correlation between MRI findings in them with the clinical findings. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty patients with age groups between 20-70 yrs who presented to JUSTICE K.S.HEGDE CHARITABLE HOSPITAL with low backache were taken under the study. MRI done in all of them and findings were compared with the clinical findings. Using the SPSS software statistical analysis were performed. The following results were drawn. RESULTS: Out of all our patients majority of them showed negative nerve tension signs with positive disc lesions on MRI. The neurological signs like motor, sensory deficits and abnormal reflexes significantly correlated with MRI. CONCLUSION: From our study we conclude that the key to diagnose and investigate the intervertebral disc prolapsed is the clinical history and more importantly the clinical examination. The clinical signs like motor deficits and sensory deficit significantly with abnormal MRI findings however the nerve tensions signs are not significant in disc lesions.


This study examined the influence of information about children's disabilities on preschool teachers' responses toward integrating children with disabilities in their classroom. Of particular interest was whether the severity of the child's educational needs and information about diagnosis were related to teachers' responses. Data were collected from 155 preschool teachers in two Midwest states in the United States to examine their responses in terms of levels of comfort, classroom adaptation, and need for support. Results showed that teachers responded differently to the types of disability regardless of the diagnostic labels; that is, teachers responded more positively to children with mild disabilities (e.g., children with Down syndrome) and those with physical disabilities (e.g., cerebral palsy). In addition, compared with children with diagnostic labels, teachers responded more positively to those with no diagnostic labels. Teachers' education and experience working with children with disabilities were associated with their levels of comfort. Implications and recommendations for service delivery and teacher training are discussed.


Directional charge transfer among nanolayers of graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4) is still inefficient because of the interlayer electrostatic potential barrier, which tremendously restricts the utilization of charges in conversion of solar energy into fuel. Herein, an apparent potential among nanolayers is introduced to boost interlayer electron transfer by curving planar g‐C3N4 nanosheets into carbon nitride square tubes (C3N4Ts), and Ni2P nanoparticles as electron acceptors are loaded on C3N4Ts (Ni2P/C3N4Ts) for highly efficient H2 evolution. Study results present H2‐evolution efficiency over the constructed Ni2P/C3N4Ts up to 19.25 mmol g−1 h−1 with a large number of visible H2 bubbles, which is more than 1.9 and 2.6 times of that over g‐C3N4 supported 1 wt%Pt and 3 wt%Pd, respectively. Density functional theory (DFT) and characterizations reveal efficient directional transfer through C3N4T interlayer (001) to Ni2P (111) is achieved under the apparent potential difference of C3N4Ts, which therefore ensures the high H2‐evolution performance of Ni2P/C3N4Ts. These results in the field of material engineering supply a novel strategy to boost directional charge transfer for solar energy conversion efficiency by introducing apparent potential difference.


Does the recent explosion of multivariate analysis in the field of chemistry spell the end of the sub-discipline of chemometrics and the specialty journals that serve it? What future trends can we expect, and how will they impact chemometrics? In the following editorial, I would like to address these questions. Recent pundits have coined the phrase 'ubiquitous computing'. They envision the evolutionary development of pervasive wireless enabled computing devices. In this new paradigm, a person will interact with many computational devices during the course of his or her daily activities, from using a wireless Google search device to find a favorite dinner recipe, to handheld GPS devices that help to guide us safely to our next destination, to interactive wireless whiteboards that serve as a video phone and instant teleconferencing device and so on. Pundits tell us we can expect the use of wireless digital computing devices with simple human—computer interfaces to become pervasive in our lives over the next decade. Clearly, the same trend can be observed in the explosion of scientific computing in scientific research. Scientific computing has become ubiquitous and pervasive in all disciplines of the social, behavioral, medical and physical sciences, from sociologists who apply network analysis to model coastal fishing communities, medical scientists who usemultivariate analysis of metabolomic data to identify cancer markers, to geologists who model storm surges and coastal erosion, to biologists who model genome evolution and population dynamics or to chemists who model protein structure, form and function. The factors contributing to the explosion of scientific computing include the construction of massive databases, the rise of digital scientific instruments capable of producing enormous multivariate data sets in a short amount of time and the concomitant development of powerful computing hardware. Most important of all, the development of advanced high-level computing platforms like SAS, S-plus, Mathcad, Matlab and Mathmatica have taken the drudgery out of performing lengthy, tedious calculations and enabled a new generation of scientists to employ multivariate analysis and modeling in ways that we never dreamed of 10 years ago. In the field of chemistry, the sub-discipline of chemometrics has played a pivotal role in the explosion of ubiquitous scientific computing. As evidence of this explosion, I note the first citation of the term 'chemometrics' in Chemical Abstracts refers to a 1975 paper by Bruce Kowalski [1]. Today, a search of the term 'multivariate analysis' in Chemical Abstracts turns up more than 23 000 citations, withmore than 2700 citations in 2006 alone. Clearly, chemometrics has evolved into a mature interdisciplinary sub-discipline of chemistry over the last 35 years. First and foremost, developments in the sub-discipline of chemometrics are every bit as relevant today as they were 35 years ago. For example recent advances in confocal hyperspectral imaging microscopes are capable of measuring a 512 point fluorescence spectrum in visible range at each voxel of an image at the rate of up to 8300 spectra per second, giving a data acquisition rate of more than 4.2Mb/s [2]. A recently described hyperspectral image of a 20nm 60nm yeast genome microarray slide at 10mm spatial resolution representedmore than 3Gbyte of data [3]. The challenges presented by this flood of data will continue to drive research and advances in chemometrics aimed at developing fast, efficient and effective chemometric methods for extracting meaningful information frommegavariate data sets [4]. Another important driver of new developments in chemometrics is the rise of quantitative biology fueled by recent developments in high throughput quantitative experimental methods and the application of modeling approaches to understand structure, function, cellular biochemical processes and networks of biological molecules and populations. What does the future hold for the sub-discipline of chemometrics? Because of its ubiquitous nature, will the specialty journals that serve this sub-discipline remain vibrant or will publications dealing with chemometrics migrate away from specialty journals dedicated to this topic and find themselves woven into the fabric of general disciplinary journals? My belief is that the specialty journals in the sub-discipline of chemometrics will retain a strong intellectual and scholarly focus, and their contribution to dissemination and publication will continue the building of a distinctive body of inter-disciplinary scholarship that will advance opportunities for ubiquitous scientific computing in the field of chemistry and beyond. The challenge for current and future leaders in the field of chemometrics is to train and convey this sense of excitement and vitality to a new generation of students who will champion continuous new developments in the field long into the future.


This study was conducted to evaluate the anthelmintic effectiveness of Albizia anthelmintica, as a first step in investigating the hypothesis that livestock self-medicate. In July 2006, an observational study was conducted with 56 young female lambs, to validate A. anthelmintica efficacy. Faecal egg per gram for Coccidia, Strongyle-type, Monezia, Strongyloides and Dicrocoelia eggs were counted and analysed. Results indicate that A. anthelmintica is effective in controlling infection with a variety of internal parasites in lambs, Monezia was the most sensitive. Furthermore, treatment of Strongyle-type worms requires a biweekly dose of A. anthelmintica as an effective deworming protocol.


Twin helical undulators and five kicker magnets have been installed in the 5 m straight section of SPring‐8 BL25SU to provide helicity switched circularly polarized radiation in soft X‐rays. Helicity of circular polarization is changed by means of electron beam orbit bumps. We successfully increased frequency up to 10 Hz without disturbing the stability of the electron beam orbit.


The Raman spectrum of a solid is formulated using quantum field theory. The photons are assumed to couple via localised electronic states, e.g. paramagnetic impurities. The laser is assumed to be of low power and to have a frequency well away from any electronic resonance. It is shown that the phonon-induced shift and width of each of the lines corresponding to an electronic transition, a first-order phonon line, and a vibronic transition is formally the same whether the transition is studied by absorption or by Raman spectroscopy. Width and shift contributions are given to second order in broadening interactions for the second-order phonon Raman spectrum. These results exhibit complications in some attempts to compare broadening parameters in different experiments. Some consequential adjustments to formulations of the spectrum of resonance fluorescence are suggested.


Altho the compressive strength of meteorites is important in relation to the detonation of meteorites in flight and probably in other connections in meteoritics, only one determination of it existed prior to this study. The compressive strength of 8 stones, ranging from 900 to 54,000 lb./in2., is reported.


The purpose of this research helps to make full use for perfect performance by grasping the defects of Ropez motion performed by athlete CSM who was under the training for the 28th 2004 Athene Olympic Garnes, and by presenting complementary methods. For the better Ropez motion which had been performed by CSM for the 1st dispatch selection test and the final for the 28th Athene Olympic Game was analyzed with 3-dimensional cinematographic method. Here are the conclusions: 1. During the board contact phase, powerful kicking and rapid forward flexion motion of upper body make increasing vertical velocity of C. O. G and enlarging body angle. 2. It was indicated that rapid forward flexion motion of upper body during the board contact phase get a large body angle in horse take-off. 3. rapid forward flexion motion of upper body during the board contact phase makes a longer time at horse contacting phase. It showed that this result increased velocity of horse take-off causing by powerful blocking motion. 4. Increasing of air-borne height during pre- flight phase, makes a higher C. O. G; and larger angle of hip, angle of knee and body angle in the landing phase. And it revealed that these results have a stable landing.


Fournier's approximate method for relating self-potential anomalies to water-table elevation is satisfactory for five of the six sites where it has been tested in New Hampshire. At these sites water-table elevations were determined independently from observation of surface-water bodies and by seismic refraction at the times of the self-potential surveys.

At three sites on drumlins formed of glacial till, the apparent coupling coefficients range from 0.95 to 4 mV/m whereas two surveys on sand and gravel deltas yield apparent coupling coefficients of −16 and −17 mV/m. At a third delta the apparent coupling coefficient suggests that the water table is in an underlying till rather than in the deltaic deposits.

Modeling of self-potential anomalies using Fournier's method may permit isolation of anomalies caused by sources other than ground-water flow as well as location of significant geological inhomogeneities. Because of nonuniqueness it is not possible to determine water-table elevations from self-potential surveys alone.


The successful democratic process in Spain now not only allows to defend the King's intervention the night of February 23rd 1981, but it also to revise the almost absolute power then given to the Crown to desactivate the coup D'Etat. To discuss and bring forward alternatives the author criticises an interpretation of Title II of the Spanish Constitution which was conditioned by the King's actions during those hours.


A membrane‐free biofuel cell (BFC) is reported based on enzymes wired to graphite electrodes by means of Os‐complex modified redox polymers. For the anode cellobiose dehydrogenase (CDH) is used as a biocatalyst whereas for the cathode a laccase was applied. This laccase is a high‐potential laccase and hence able to reduce O2 to H2O at a formal potential higher than +500 mV versus Ag/AgCl. In order to establish efficient electrochemical contact between the enzymes and graphite electrodes electrodeposition polymers containing Os‐complex with specifically designed monomer compositions and formal potentials of the coordinatively bound Os‐complex were synthesised and used to wire the enzymes to the electrodes. The newly designed CDH/Os‐redox polymer anode was characterised at different pH values and optimised with respect to the nature of the polymer and the enzyme‐to‐polymer ratio. The resulting BFC was evaluated running on β‐lactose as a fuel and air/O2 as an oxidising agent. The power output, the maximum current density and the electromotor force (Eemf) were found to be affected by the pH value, resulting in a maximum power output of 1.9 μW cm–2 reached at pH 4.3, a maximum current density of about 13 μA cm–2 at pH 3.5, and the highest Eemf approaching 600 mV at pH 4.0.


Objectives:This study aimed to investigate the demographic and psychosocial characteristics and suicide-related clinical variables of suicide attempters and provide empirical data to establish a suicide prevention program. Methods:The subjects were 279(122 male and 157 female) suicide attempters who were admitted to the emergency centers of 4 university hospitals in a large city between June 2011 and March 2014. Their psychosocial and demographic characteristics and suicide-related clinical variables were studied through interviews, questionnaires(on suicide intention, lethality, risk, and rescue) and their electronic medical records. Results:The main findings were as follows : among subjects in their 20s, there was a significantly higher proportion of women, while among subjects older than 60 years, there was a significantly higher proportion of men. The rate of attempting suicide in autumn was significantly higher in females while that in summer was significantly higher in males. The rate of attempting suicide in the morning was significantly higher in older(≥60 years) subjects while that at night and dawn was significantly higher in subjects below 60 years. Among interpersonal relationship problems, couple relationship problems were the most common motive for suicide attempt. Depressive disorders were the most common psychiatric illness. Conclusion:This study indicates the necessity of suicide prevention measures, tailored to several psychosocial factors(place, time-of-day, season, and so on) according to age and gender, are suited to the regional characteristics. It also reveals the necessity of intervention for couple relationship problems and appropriate psychiatric treatment for depression in order to prevent suicide.


The ferrite nanoparticles of Li0.5Fe2.5O4 spinel ferrite was synthesized by sol‐gel auto‐combustion technique using the nitrates of the respective cations at low temperature with a final pH 8. A part of as prepared powder was sintered at 700° C for 6 h and treated as the precursor for the gamma irradiation study. The damage investigations were evaluated on the basis of X‐ray diffraction and SEM techniques. The X‐ray diffraction data was used to investigate the phase purity and structural properties of the synthesized lithium ferrite. The lattice constant of studied samples were increased whereas crystallite size and grain size decreased after gamma irradiation.


The case for race differences in intelligence, particularly with respect to that reported between the white and black populations of our country, is reviewed along four major lines: (a) the framing of the question, (b) the choice of Ss to be tested, (c) the instrument used to measure intelligence, and (d) the concept of "intelligence" itself. The relevance of genetic factors to the alleged difference is weighed. The conclusion reached is that on all psychological counts the issue of "race differences in intelligence" is a nonsensical one.


The theme-type self-harvest concept proposed in this research will be applied as a relevant reference in planning and realizing urban-rural exchange facilities at the village level. The aim of this paper is to describe the concept, to characterize the self-harvesters and organic farmers involved, to illustrate the ecological, economic and social interaction and the possible constraints of the concept. What is more important, however, is to develop programs for consultants, organic farmers and green-minded consumers, to vitalize direct transaction. The proponents of selfharvest are convinced that this concept leads to ecological, economic and social benefits, which will help to design a sustainable food supply system for small, medium and large cities.


one more example of the sad truth that public education ranks right up there with popular music, sartorial styles, and TV stardom in terms of susceptibility to faddism. The hypnotic appeal of the &dquo;quick fix&dquo; explains our propensity to uncritically create a &dquo;new orthodoxy&dquo; (Evans, 1990) out of any program or platform that promises progress. And the greater the promise, the greater the alacrity of


This year marks the 20th anniversary of Dr Jack Anderson's presentation of the Tripod Concept. This representation of the two lateral crura and combined mesial crura as the three legs of a tripod has been a key concept (perhaps the key concept) to explain nasal tip dynamics over the last 20 years. Dr Anderson's original explanation is still valid and is used today to explain the mechanics of the various tip rhinoplasty techniques. Herein, we reprint the key aspects of Dr Anderson's classic article on its 20th anniversary in honor of his contribution. 1 THE DYNAMICS OF RHINOPLASTY It has been found helpful in teaching to liken the lower lateral cartilage complex that forms the skeleton of the nasal tip to a tripod, the conjoined mesial crura being one leg and the lateral crura forming the other two. The legs of the tripod are not of equal length, and they


The ability of biological nervous systems to perform complex information processing tasks remains one of the least well understood of all biological functions. Presumably, some of these capabilities are hard-wired, while others are emergent properties of the neural circuitry. A determination of the "rules" relating structure and function in neural circuits, however, has proven elusive. Common difficulties are both the general "complexity" of neural tissue as well as experimental limitations. The work in this dissertation focuses both on the development of improved techniques for the analyses of biological nervous system structure/function relationships as well as techniques for constructing "biological" artificial neural networks (ANN) from experimental neural data.
A technique is presented for recording simultaneous single-unit activity from up to 70 neurons in the dragonfly mesothoracic ganglion. These recorded neurons are then spatially ordered in a manner consistent with the underlying histology in the ganglion and the size of each individual neuron is determined. A novel technique for analyzing the temporal interactions between neurons is then applied yielding a spatiotemporal "snapshot" of network function. The combination of techniques is shown to facilitate the concurrent study of contributions from the structure, the temporal interactions between neurons and the individual cell sizes as they relate to neural network information-processing strategies.
To implement ANNs using experimental neural data a spike train representation is presented that retains both exact spiking times and interval code information for each cellular spike train. Techniques for simulating the ganglionic spatial distribution of cells as well as the physiologic operating range of each neuron are also presented. These ANNs are trained to "learn" and then predict/generalize the neural firing patterns at time (t + $\Delta)$ given the time (t) firing histories. Finally, a hybrid ANN architecture and learning algorithm is proposed.
While this work focuses primarily on the development of analytical techniques to facilitate an understanding of biological nervous system function, the methods developed for implementing "biological" ANNs could have far reaching implications in the engineering development of next generation computers and autonomous machines.


Steel plate bonding method with epoxy is common applied to repair and strengthen RC structures, but Steel is apt to corrode quickly, hard to manufacture and heavy. To overcome these defects, it is carried out research on strengthening RC structures with FRP(Fibre Reinforced Polyrner/Plastic) FRP is generally used in the shape of Plate or Sheet, but it has weak point such as premature failure, difficult work. To cope with these problem, NSMR(Near Surface Mounted Reinforcement) which uses CFRP in the shape of Rod is proposed and carried out active research on strengthening effect of variables such as quantity, anchorage length and space of CFRP-Rod. Strengthening with CFRP-Rod is carried out under loading to some degree in fact, and so the amount of pre-loading is selected as variable in this research. The amount of pre-loading is chosen in proportion to nominal strength of non-strengthened specimen with CFRP-Rod.


We describe a framework using the BERT-based query modification technique for the NTCIR-16 Data Search 2 IR Subtask. In our framework, we took a 3-step procedure: (1) the query modification, (2) item filtering by BM25, and (3) item re-ranking by BERT. The experimental results showed that our framework using the query modification did not outperform the baseline method that does not use the query modification.


Abstract Question: What is the effect of vertical seed distribution (i.e. seeds on soil surface or buried) and the relative importance of vertical and horizontal seed distribution (i.e. seeds near established vegetation or near bare soil) for seedling emergence? Location: Patagonian arid steppe. Methods: To evaluate the effect of vertical seed distribution on seedling emergence, four sowing treatments were used in field and greenhouse experiments. Vertical vs. horizontal seed distribution and the occurrence of seedlings were analysed in the field. Effects of trampling and mechanical drilling on seedling emergence were investigated experimentally in the field. Results: In field and glasshouse experiments buried seeds showed a higher emergence and larger seedling size than seeds lying on the soil surface. The observational field study indicated that natural emergence was not associated with particular microsites or plant cover (horizontal distribution), but that most seedlings emerged from buried positions (vertical distribution). Buried seeds represented less than 10% of the sampled seed cohort but account for almost 60% of the seedlings. The trampling/drilling experiment showed that sheep trampling and mechanical drilling increased seedling emergence compared to non-treated controls. Conclusions: The population dynamics of Bromus pictus is strongly constrained by the vertical position of seeds, which largely affects emergence, and seed horizontal distribution, which largely affects seedling survival. Our results showed that sheep trampling after seed dispersal may be a low-input technique for increasing grass recruitment. Nomenclature: Cabrera (1971).


Preface Part One: Indigenous Films Come of Age Chapter 1: Approaching Indigenous Films Chapter 2: "Indigenous" Hits: Adapting Native Stories for Film Chapter 3: Four Indigenous Directors: Barry Barclay, Chris Eyre, Bahman Ghobadi, and Zacharias Kunuk Chapter 4: The Uses and Abuses of Indigenous Film Chapter 5: Indigenous Film Aesthetics: Content, Form, and Process Part Two: Indigenous Film Regions. Chapter 6: North American Indigenous Films Chapter 7: Latin American and Caribbean Indigenous Films Chapter 8: Arctic Indigenous Films Chapter 9: Oceanic Indigenous Films Chapter 10: Australian Indigenous Films Chapter 11: Middle-Eastern and Asian Indigenous Films Chapter 12: African Indigenous Films Chapter 13: Future Indigenous Films Appendix A: List of Indigenous People by Region Appendix B: List of Indigenous Film Festivals Appendix C: List of Indigenous Film Distributors.


This paper reports on tree vegetation structure at the Realolo village, Bantimurung Bulusaraung National Park. Data were collected from  15 transects with the size of each transect was 100 x 10 m at Region I, Region II, and Region III that successively farther away from the settlements. The results showed there were 49 species and belong to 30 families. Family with the highest number of species is Myrtaceae. In the Region, I and II, species with the highest Important Value Index (IVI) belonged to Gastoniaserratifolia , and at Region III belong to Litsea sp. Species with the lowest IVI Region I belonged to Phaleriacapitata , at Region II belonged to Pittosporummolucanum , and at Region III was belong to Bischoviajavanica . The class interval of density and frequency showed more rare species than widespread species. Soil's temperature and pH have a negative relation with trees' frequency and density. More species distribute the lowest stem class diameter. The highest value of Shannon Wiener's diversity index, Richness Index and Pielou's evenness index was in Region II, and the lowest value of these indexes was in Region I.This study provides a baseline for the management of Bantimurung Bulusaraung National Park.


(Abridged) We present a spectral analysis of a deep (220 ks) XMM-Newton observation of the Phoenix cluster (SPT-CL J2344-4243), which we also combine with Chandra archival ACIS-I data. We extract CCD and RGS X-ray spectra from the core region to search for the signature of cold gas, and constrain the mass deposition rate in the cooling flow which is thought to be responsible of the massive star formation episode observed in the BCG. We find an average mass deposition rate of $\dot M = 620 (-190 +200)_{stat} (-50 +150)_{syst} M_\odot$/yr in the temperature range 0.3-3.0 keV from MOS data. A temperature-resolved analysis shows that a significant amount of gas is deposited only above 1.8 keV, while upper limits of the order of hundreds of $M_\odot$/yr can be put in the 0.3-1.8 keV temperature range. From pn data we obtain $\dot M = 210 (-80 +85)_{stat} ( -35 +60)_{syst} M_\odot$/yr, and the upper limits from the temperature-resolved analysis are typically a factor of 3 lower than MOS data. In the RGS spectrum, no line emission from ionization states below Fe XXIII is seen above $12 \AA$, and the amount of gas cooling below $\sim 3$ keV has a best-fit value $\dot M = 122_{-122}^{+343}$ $M_{\odot}$/yr. In addition, our analysis of the FIR SED of the BCG based on Herschel data provides $SFR = (530 \pm 50) M_\odot$/yr, significantly lower than previous estimates by a factor 1.5. Current data are able to firmly identify substantial amount of cooling gas only above 1.8 keV in the core of the Phoenix cluster. While MOS data analysis is consistent with values as high as $\dot M \sim 1000$ within $1 \sigma$, pn data provide $\dot M < 500 M_\odot$ yr$^{-1}$ at $3\sigma$ c.l. at temperature below 1.8 keV. At present, this discrepancy cannot be explained on the basis of known calibration uncertainties or other sources of statistical noise.


The measurement of cardiac troponin I (cTnI)1 has become the gold standard for the clinical diagnosis of myocardial infarction (1). Varieties of commercial sandwich-type immunoassays are used for the measurement of cTnI concentration in human serum or plasma. Several of these assays use pairs of monoclonal antihuman cTnI antibodies with high specificities for the invariant part of the cTnI molecule (amino acid residues 30–110), in accordance with the recommended guidelines (2). These assays are often based on magnetic beads or latex particles to take advantage of the ease of bead/particle washing, which can minimize assay interference by matrix proteins. Signal amplification by means of chemiluminescence or electrochemiluminescence allows the detection of serum cTnI at concentrations <0.05 μg/L.

As a part of the recent effort of the IFCC Working Group for Standardization of Troponin I to develop a cTnI reference measurement system (1), we have used various measurement techniques to investigate binding affinities between 6 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) obtained from HyTest (each serving as either the capture or the detection antibody) and cTnI, in the form of either a reference material (NIST SRM 2921) or a cTnI-positive serum pool (PS). One of the techniques is the multiplexed bead array (3), which resembles the commercial bead- or particle-based immunoassays. The capture mAb molecules are covalently immobilized on different bead populations to capture cTnI. The bound cTnI …


The benefits of replacing dispersion compensating fibres with electronic signal processing at the terminals have been widely discussed in recent years. However, most electronic techniques for overcoming ISI limit the transmission distance to less than 250 km of standard fibre at 10 Gb/s, due to the loss of phase information following direct detection. This paper discusses two methods for overcoming this limit: optical single sideband (SSB) transmission combined with linear filtering in the receiver and optical signal predistortion. For each technique the transmission distance limits, required processing resources and sensitivity to fibre nonlinearities and transients are discussed.


This paper applies belief functions-based copula quantile curvesmodel to capture dependence structure between crude oil and corn returns, andquantify uncertainty of the corn returns at one step period. We employ the time-varying copulas, including Gaussian, T and Clayton, which can be used to capturedynamic correlations between variables. We forecast their correlation ahead of oneperiod, and the uncertainty of corn returns ahead of one period is measured underp-th copula quantile curves. The empirical results show the range of corn returnsand its uncertainties under 5% and 95% copula quantile curves. In addition, thetime-varying T copula describes the dependence structure between crude oil andcorn returns quite well.


Fio. 3.-kin of right thigh (a) before treatment; (b) one month after treatment was begun. The improvement in the patient's mental state has been as dramatic as his organic improvement. Previously his schooling and social contact had been reduced to a minimum, his sensitivity towards his smell and appearance causing him to become lonely and solitary, With a hopeless attitude towards future friendship and employment. Now he has become a happy, normal boy, though still educationally retarded, and is already bei'ng employed as an electrician's assistant. Whereas during the first few weeks clearance of the affected areas was rapid and dramatic, during the last few months there hat been no appreciable change. There has, however, been no relapse of the improved areas over a period of one year.


The Taipinggou Mo deposit occurs in the northern Great Hinggan Range, China, where is an area the NNE-trending Mesozoic-Cenozoic Circum-Pacific belt superimposed on and/or transitioned from the EW-trending Paleozoic Central Asian orogenic belt. The Taipinggou porphyry Mo deposit was formed during 131.5~127.5Ma when the tectonic setting changed from compression to extension in North China and eastern China. The hydrothermal ore-forming process of the Taipinggou deposit includes three stages, i. e. early, middle and late stages, characterized by mineral assemblages of quartz-chalcopyrite-pyrite, quartz-pyrite-molybdenite and quartz-carbonate, respectively. In hydrothermal quartz three types of fluid inclusions can be observed. They are NaCl-H_2O solution, CO_2-bearing or CO_2-rich and daughter mineral-bearing fluid inclusions. Daughter minerals include halite, chalcopyrite and some other uncertain species. The latter two types fluid inclusions cannot be observed in the late-stage quartz. Homogenization temperatures of fluid inclusions vary from 320~390℃ early, through 240~320℃ middle, to 140~200℃ late, with salinities up to 66.8 wt% NaCl eqv. early, to 2.4 wt%~33.8 wt% NaCl eqv. middle, and to 10 wt% NaCl eqv late, respectively. In one word, the early-stage fluids were magmatic in origin and characterized by high temperature, high salinity and CO_2-rich, and boiled in early-middle stage, resulting CO_2 release, temperature decrease and rapid precipitation of ore-forming materials. Finally the fluids evolved into late-stage meteoric water with low temperature, low salinity and low content of CO_2.


The steadily growing number of elderly persons has led to a considerable increase in patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy. The Author reviews all the so-called mininvasive methods aimed at canalising the urethral cervix more or less satisfactorily and for varying lengths of time.


Background Risks of death are high when children with pneumonia also have severe acute malnutrition (SAM) as a co-morbidity. However, there is limited published information on risk factors of death from pneumonia in SAM children. We evaluated clinically identifiable factors associated with death in under-five children who were hospitalized for the management of pneumonia and SAM. Methods For this unmatched case-control design, SAM children of either sex, aged 0–59 months, admitted to the Dhaka Hospital of the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b) during April 2011 to July 2012 with radiological pneumonia were studied. The SAM children with pneumonia who had fatal outcome constituted the cases (n = 35), and randomly selected SAM children with pneumonia who survived constituted controls (n = 105). Results The median (inter-quartile range) age (months) was comparable among the cases and the controls [8.0 (4.9, 11.0) vs. 9.7 (5.0, 18.0); p = 0.210)]. In logistic regression analysis, after adjusting for potential confounders, such as vomiting, abnormal mental status, and systolic hypotension (<70 mm of Hg) in absence of dehydration, fatal cases of severely malnourished under-five children with pneumonia were more often hypoxemic (OR = 23.15, 95% CI = 4.38–122.42), had clinical dehydration (some/severe) (OR = 9.48, 95% CI = 2.42–37.19), abdominal distension at admission (OR = 4.41, 95% CI = 1.12–16.52), and received blood transfusion (OR = 5.50, 95% CI = 1.21–24.99) for the management of crystalloid resistant systolic hypotension. Conclusion and Significance We identified hypoxemia, clinical dehydration, and abdominal distension as the independent predictors of death in SAM children with pneumonia. SAM children with pneumonia who required blood transfusion for the management of crystalloid resistant systolic hypotension were also at risk for death. Thus, early identification and prompt management of these simple clinically recognizable predictors of death and discourage the use of blood transfusion for the management of crystalloid resistant systolic hypotension may help reduce deaths in such population.


The steel industry is the single largest user of energy in the industrial sector of the U.S. economy. Thus, through technological change of improvement, the steel industry has the potential to make a significant energy savings. The vehicle for this energy conservation is the increased recycling of obsolete ferrous scrap. Scrap recycling also reaps other benefits such as: reclamation of discarded ferrous products, preservation of natural resources for future use, and improvement of waste-disposal problems. How much energy can be saved in the U.S. economy from the increased recycle of ferrous scrap. Further, what is the optimum rate of recycling. These questions are posed from the perspective of energy conservation within the U.S. society moreover than the dollar economics of the steel industry alone. The model year is 1967 and the anlysis is done for the nationwide steel industry. The research also makes use of the concept of total energy, which includes direct and indirect energy. Additional analysis shows the labor impact of energy-conservation changes in technology. An energy model of the steel industry is formed from information on both the steel-production technologies and the scrap-recycle industry. Several scrap-intensive processes, with detail to materials and fuels, for the Open Hearthmore » and Basic Oxygen furnaces - plus an average Electric Arc process - make up the processes in the model. The energy model is optimized by use of linear-programming techniques to minimize the energy intensity of steel (Btu/ton of finished steel).« less


Crumb-rubber-modifier (CRM) has been successfully used to improve the performance of asphalt binders. Modifications to asphalt properties using CRM are slightly different as compared to those of virgin polymers; SBS for example. The mechanism of interaction with asphalt that develops performance properties of asphalt binders is different from that of polymer modifiers. The effects of processing variables, for example interaction time and/or temperature, on the developed properties are different between the two mechanisms. CRM binders are sensitive to interaction time and temperature. Adding new (virgin) polymers changes the nature of the interaction mechanism between asphalt and CRM and that enhances the properties of asphalt-CRM binders. This paper introduces an effort to characterize the changes in the properties of asphalt-CRM binders in the presence of new polymer modifiers. The data indicates that the nature of asphalt-CRM binders can be further controlled to produce an improved binder with enhanced and stable properties that is less sensitive to interaction variables; time and temperature


【Objective】The aim of this research was to study automated irrigation control system based on internet of things and improve its application in large planting area.【Method】Acquisition of soil moisture information is realized with ZigBee network,and irrigation decision is made according to collected information.PLC is selected as the core controller.The system has a variety of control modes to control irrigation and keep constant pressure for the first water pipe.It executes commands and monitors while irrigation process is controlled and monitored with PLC and HMI platform.The platform alarms if the system fails.【Result】The automated irrigation control system based on internet of things was designed with friendly interface and convenient operation.More than 50% water was saved compared with furrow irrigation and surge flow irrigation,and water amount,irrigation time and fertilization amount were more accurately controlled.Labor force was saved as well.【Conclusion】A water-saving irrigation system with features of remote monitoring,data sharing,accurate irrigation,intelligent alarm and automatic control was established and could be widely used in large scale planting area.


A Research Guide for African American Studies. Offers databases to find books, films, music, articles, and other types of materials. Offers resources in art, music, film and videos.


In this paper,we study the viscosity solutions of time-periodic Hamilton-Jacobi equations on bounded domains.We generalize the comparison theorems of Hitoshi Ishii and Hiroyoshi Mitake on autonomous Hamilton-Jacobi equations to the case of time-periodic Hamilton-Jacobi equations.


We have assessed the potential of light-responsive bent-core liquid crystals as candidate materials for energy conversion and storage applications. Samples comprise two chromophore bent-core compounds containing either one (IP33) or...


Seed health is an important attribute to be taken care of since it is from a healthy seed that a healthy plant is regenerated. Seed-borne fungi are among the severe pathogens causing significant losses in the quantity and quality of Pinus seeds. Fungi reduce seedling vigor and low seed germination to disease. The study aimed to detect and identify seed-borne fungus in certified and uncertified Pinus tecunumanii seeds in Iringa area. The research was conducted from January to May 2022. Seed samples were collected from four seed lots: Mafinga, Kilolo, Makungu, and the Private Forestry Programme (PFP). The blotter test method was used to grow seed-borne fungi. For identification, a compound microscope was used to look at the formed fungal colonies. The percentages of pure seeds from PFP were higher at (99%) than those collected from Kilolo (95%), Mafinga (94.5%), and Makungu (91.5%). PFP seeds had the highest germination percentage (94.75%), followed by Kilolo (91.75%), Mafinga (91.25%), and Makungu (89.25%). The highest frequency of Fusarium spp. was observed in PFP (65%), followed by Makungu (48.04%), Kilolo (47.67%), and the lowest was Mafinga (43.75%). The frequency of Aspergillus niger was highest in Makungu (34.31%), Mafinga (32.29%), Kilolo (29.07%), and PFP (20.48%), while the frequency of Rhizopus spp. was higher in Makungu (5.88%), followed by Kilolo (5.81%), and Mafinga (5.20%). There was no occurrence of Rhizopus spp. in PFP. Moreover, the incidences were higher in non-certified seeds than in certified seeds. The research will help to sustainably produce high-quality seeds for the growth of pinus trees in forests and nurseries.


We present a theoretical framework for nonlinear optics of graphene and other 2D materials in layered structures. We derive a key equation to find the effective electric field and the sheet current density in the 2D material for given incident light beams. Our approach takes into account the effect of the surrounding environment and characterizes its contribution as a structure factor. We apply our approach to two experimental setups, and discuss the structure factors for several nonlinear optical processes including second harmonic generation, third harmonic generation, and parametric frequency conversion. Our systematic study gives a strict extraction method for the nonlinear coefficients, and provides new insights in how layered structures influence the nonlinear signal observed from 2D materials.


We examine the nature of the second verb (V2) in auxiliary verb constructions in Korean, in which one clause with two verbs denotes a single event. Arguing against the previous analyses that treat the V2 as an Aspect head, we propose that the V2 is head-adjoined to the v of the first verb (V1) and marks the speaker's commitment toward the event described in the sentence. This working paper is available in University of Pennsylvania Working Papers in Linguistics: http://repository.upenn.edu/pwpl/ vol23/iss1/12 U. Penn Working Papers in Linguistics, Volume 23.1, 2017 Auxiliary Verbs as Head-adjoined Expressives in Korean: Against the Aspectual Approach Hyun Kyoung Jung and Lan Kim*


The paper aims to give at least a partial answer to an urgent need for knowledge processing systems equipped with semantic capabilities. One of the crucial goals is to reflect inner computational models and numerical data outside of the system by presenting linguistic statements easily understood by a non-expert user. The paper follows a motivational scenario and presents a layered approach to knowledge integration. The fundamental rationale behind the proposed approach is that a degree of inconsistency of the whole body of knowledge should be incorporated into the formed summary and conveyed to the external user of the system. The paper deals with a practically important problem of processing modal epistemic statements about an object exhibiting some set of fuzzy properties. The statements represent distributed knowledge of some agent population and are represented on the level of a semi-natural language. In particular, the paper describes an approach to two-level fuzzy-linguistic knowledge integration based on the consensus-theory and clustering methods. In particular, it discusses the difference between the in-cluster level and the cross-cluster level. While this paper considers an environment limited to a single object with multiple properties, it is directly extendable to environments with multiple objects. The reduction is purely technical as it allows for a simplification of a notation and presented descriptions.


In a multimillion-node network of who-follows-whom like Twitter, since a high count of followers leads to higher profits, users have the incentive to boost their in-degree. Can we spot the suspicious following behavior, which may indicate zombie followers and suspicious followees? To answer the above question, we propose CatchSync, which exploits two tell-tale signs of the suspicious behavior: (a) synchronized behavior: the zombie followers have extremely similar following behavior pattern, because, say, they are generated by a script; and (b) abnormal behavior: their behavior pattern is very different from the majority. Our CatchSync introduces novel measures to quantify both concepts and catches the suspicious behavior. Moreover, we show it is effective in a real-world social network.


In the last ten years, the number of reported rapes in the United States has risen faster than the official count of any other major crime committed, and this fact, together with feminist efforts to publicize rape as the quintessential expression of male dominance over women, has generated much debate. Most of the common explanations for rape assume that its frequency will change along with changes in certain historical conditions: the strength of patriarchy, the presence of conquering armies, the repressive nature of sexual mores, the degree of prosperity, and the existence of active feminist movements. Yet almost no historical studies of rape exist.' This article contributes to what little is known about rape in the past by examining rape prosecutions in eighteenth-century Massachusetts.


Problems that overwhelm moral agency challenge methods of ethics that prioritize social practices. This essay explains how climate change exceeds moral competencies, criticizes climate ethics for eliding the difficulties, and the attempts to vindicate a practice-based approach by arguing for the possibility of doing ethics from incompetent projects. However, because incompetence easily becomes the excuse of injustice, I illustrate the argument with an indigenous peoples' climate justice project that both exemplifies the creativity my approach needs and bears a strong critique of its method.


With the development of Internet,Website has become an important tool for corporations to propagandize and expand their impacts.Thus,there are some problems urgently needing to be solved for web controller such as how to quickly enhance the reputation and visits of the website.In the paper,it is discussed several methods of optimizing and promoting websites by taking the Mechanical Equipment Manufacturing Company as an example and combining with their own practical experiences.Moreover,some methods for optimizing the websites of machining industry are proposed.


The angular wave function for a hydrogen atom is well known as the spherical harmonics, and is obtained as the solution of a partial differential equation. However, the differential operator is given by the Casimir operator of $SU(2)$ algebra and its eigen value $l(l+1) \hbar^2$ is given simply by an algebraic method. Therefore the shape of wave function also may be obtained by extending an algebraic method. In this paper, we will show its method and show directly that wave functions with different quantum numbers are connected by rotational group in $l=1$ and $l=2$ cases.


Here we introduce an enzyme-free and colorimetric detection strategy for small molecule adenosine. The approach is based on the adenosine-aptamer binding triggered liberation of an initiator strand that consecutively catalyzes DNA hairpins hybridized from singles to couples. These couples induce gold nanoparticles assembled via crosslinking, which could be visualized by a color change.


Four errors should be corrected in Rossmanith (Acta Cryst. (1980). A36, 416-420). In Fig. I the lowest curve (of the curves labelled 3) should be labelled T = 100 K (not 300 K). In the penultimate line of the caption to Fig. 2 the reference should be to equation (6), rather than to equation (5), while in the caption to Fig. 4 the calculations for line 5 and points should refer to equation (5), rather than to equation (6). In equation (5) the solidus and the letter m should be transposed: (u2(T)) = \sum_{n=0}^{800} W(u)ωng(ωn)/m \sum_{n=0}^{800} g(ωn). (5)


This study explores the relationship between halal food and food neophobia in Malaysia. A total of 399 participants were surveyed using the Food Neophobia Scale (FNS). Neophobic individuals were most likely to be generation Z, male, had less than tertiary education, and had a salary less than RM1000. They tended to avoid food due to halal status and weird taste. The findings provide insights into the level of food neophobia among Malaysians and its impact on their acceptance of halal food. The results can aid policymakers and industry stakeholders in promoting inclusive and culturally sensitive food choices.


355 Ad dress for Cor res pon den ce Doğa Türkkahraman MD, Antalya Education and Research Hospital, Clinic of Pediatric Endocrinology, Antalya, Turkey E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com ©Jo ur nal of Cli ni cal Re se arch in Pe di at ric En doc ri no logy, Pub lis hed by Ga le nos Pub lis hing. Letter to the Editor regarding "Testotoxicosis: Report of Two Cases, One with a Novel Mutation in Luteinizing Hormone/ Choriogonadotropin Receptor Gene" J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol 2015;7(4):355 DO I: 10.4274/jcrpe.2461


Product development can have as intention to improve existing products  which is an aim with Lean product development. Product development intensions can also be to bring new products to the market. In that case new product development is an integrated part of the development of new product based businesses. Sold and implemented new products on the market are here called Innovations. The fastest and cheapest way to develop new products to become new innovations is to start from lead user solutions, which means products developed by experts in their fields who also develop solutions for their own use but who think their solutions can be of use for others. In general, the longest way and also the most expensive way to develop new products seems to start with a  wish  and to create solutions, to develop the solutions, to test and improve them, to make user test followed by re-designs, etc. Between these two extremes of development starts there are many combinations, which the paper touches on.


841e venous perforasome to not be a static anatomical structure; rather, it undergoes a dynamic process until an equilibrium is reached in 2 to 3 days, whereupon only then is the venous perforasome completely defined.5 Was the scenario here attributable to the absence of direct connections from the superficial system to the chosen perforator veins, and the oscillating veins from neighboring venous perforasomes unable to compensate for this variation? One of the many mysteries of perforator flaps is a realization that the unexpected must be expected.


This study examines the impact of mentoring on the performance of women's microenterprises in Malaysia's northern states as well as participants in Amanah Ikhtiar Malaysia. A proposed model has been constructed on the basis of thorough literature studies. Based on the literature, no clear conclusions about the impact of mentoring on the success of women's microenterprises have been reached. This study's originality stems from the implications of information and knowledge for any micro-entrepreneur or microfinance institution to consider the impact of mentoring on performance. Aside from that, the paper's other contribution is the microfinance institution's moderating function in providing microfinance. This paper will undoubtedly contribute to the body of information on women's business performance. The data for this study will be collected from 348 female micro-enterprises through a cross-sectional survey with stratified random sampling. Data will be analysed using descriptive statistics and regression using SPSS and SmartPLS.
KEYWORDS: mentoring, microenterprise, microfinance, micro entrepreneurs and women business performance


-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ABSTRACT The selected plant materials are known such as COMF (Calendula officinalis: Marigold flowers) and CSOFP (Citrus sinensis: Orange fruits peel) have good antimicrobial efficiency. Selected organic solvents such as chloroform (Chl.), ethanol (Eth.), methanol (Met.) and water (Wat) were selected for extraction of phytochemicals. The different kinds of phytochemicals have been used for each in the soxhlet extraction. In which the total quantity of 3.180 g from 100 g of COMF and total 3.090 g from 100 g of CSOFP samples has been used for phytochemicals extraction. The growth inhibition of microbial on NAM by disc diffusion methods using and MIC (minimum inhibitor concentration) has been compared with standard medicine.


less, The Cambridge History of Renaissance Philosophy amply conveys the international character of Renaissance thought, which is one over-riding feature which marks it out from the thought of other periods. It seems trite to say that The Cambridge History of Renaissance Philosophy fills a yawning gap in the historiography of philosophy. However, it is true that it does so. And the gap could not have been better filled. It is a history that can be called definitive only in a qualified sense. It is an admirable compendium of the scholarship hitherto, and will be an indispensible tool for the study of Renaissance thought. But also, very much in the scholarly style of Charles Schmitt, it anticipates further work. It is a matter of deep regret that Charles Schmitt did not live to lead the way, but this book survives him as fit monument to his scholarship and achievement.


Summary A method has been developed for concentrating the volatile organic compounds in ripened cheese for gas chromatographic analysis. The method consists of a rapid, room temperature churning of a cheese slurry and centrifugation of the resulting heated butter. The dry aromatic oil which is obtained is subjected to high vacuum distillation and the distillates are fractionated. With fully mature Blue Cheese, an organic layer separates from the distillate and is easily isolated and dried. With Cheddar Cheese and immature Blue Cheese, the distillates are extracted with ether and the extract evaporated in the presence of a small amount of high-boiling solvent, benzyl alcohol, which acts as a carrier for the volatiles to be analyzed.


The leaching kinetics of cobalt from LiCoO2 cathode of spent lithium-ion batteries in the medium of H2SO4+H2O2 with ultrasonic was studied.The effects of ultrasonic,H2O2 dosage and temperatrure on the leaching of cobalt were investigated.The results show that the ultrasonic and H2O2 stimulate the leaching process of cobalt significantly.The Avrami equation is fitted to the cobalt leaching kinetics and the apparent activation energy is 22.72 kJ/mol.


The international debate on the adaptive reuse of cultural heritage sites consistent with the Sustainable Development Goals has become increasingly important in the implementation of circular economy models for urban policies. The new values that characterize cultural assets, considered the result of a collaborative process, can enhance both manufactured and human capital, and provide the basis for a system of relationships that binds them. Furthermore, the values of historical artistic assets produced by community-based regeneration processes are particularly relevant when they characterize abandoned commons and cult buildings, to which communities attribute an identity and symbolic value. Starting from the definition of the concept of complex social value, we propose a methodological process that combines approaches and techniques typical of deliberative evaluations and collaborative decision-making processes. The aim is to identify the complex value chains generated by adaptive reuse, in which intrinsic values can play a driving role in the regeneration strategies of discarded cultural heritage. The experimentation, tested with the project "San Sebastiano del Monte dei Morti Living Lab" (SSMOLL), activates a creative and cultural Living Lab in the former Morticelli church, in the historic center of Salerno, in southern Italy. The reuse project is part of a more comprehensive process of social innovation and culture-led urban regeneration triggered in Salerno starting from SSMOLL. The partial results of the process show how a co-exploration phase has characterized the cultural characteristic of the living lab and how the co-evaluation of the individual activities orient the possible reuse scenarios. Finally, the results provide a first analysis of the relationship types activated.


Segregation in cities, whether voluntary or forced, is a universal phenomenon, and it is as old as the city itself (Häußermann and Siebel 2001, p. 70). Consequently, integration also has a long history, at least since cities started to open broader opportunities for the population to participate in economic and social activities, deal with challenges of the concentration of social and economic challenges as well as other structural problems in certain districts or neighbourhoods, and promote social cohesion and inclusion. The term "social integration" has been widely used in academia and practice, especially in the discussion about social segregation and ways to diminish its negative consequences in cities. Moreover, it has often been used in policy documents and related debates for decades. Nevertheless, there is a lack of clarity regarding its meaning and the ways to measure and operationalise it (Jeannotte 2008). According to the United Nations (1994), there are at least three different ways of understanding social integration. First, integration is understood as inclusion, implying equal opportunities and rights for all humans. In this vision, more integration offers more opportunities for all. Second, with a negative connotation, integration is seen as synonymous with assimilation, conjuring up the image of an unwanted imposition of uniformity. This notion suggests that integration means to give up one's own identity, and to totally immerge in the mainstream of societal conditions at a given place. Third, without any moral connotation, integration is perceived as a way to describe the established patterns of human relations in a society. Accordingly, the term's antonyms, i.e., social segregation and exclusion, may be conceptualised as the insufficiency of (a) the political and legal systems to guarantee civic integration, (b) the labour market to promote economic opportunities for all, (c) the welfare system to ensure public health for all, and (d) the family and community system to stimulate interpersonal relations and social capital (Berger-Schmitt 2000). Consequently, social integration attempts to counteract with regard to these deficits. However, after the World Summit for Social Development in 1995, the concept of social integration widely fell out of use (Ferguson 2008) due to the dominance of its negative association, i.e., assimilation. Instead, it has become common to use the term "inclusion" referring to the first notion described above. Nowadays,


Introduction: Hypertension self-care low salt diet that requires long-term care. It makes patients must be adapted with their new lifestyle. They need positive attitude for making adaptive coping mechanism while facing the obstacle. Self-efficacy can change mindset and attitude, so it can influence one's basic interests for forming a commitment to maintain self-care. This study aimed to identify the relationship between self-efficacy levels and attitudes in low-salt diet in hypertensive patients.
Methods: Quantitative descriptive correlative with cross-sectional approach. The sampling method is consecutive sampling with 158 respondents. Data collection used 2 questionnaires based on Albert Bandura and Allport theories which created by researcher that had been tested the validity and reliability. Statistical analyses were conducted using crosstab chi-square analyses.
Results: It shows that 53.2% of respondents had high self-efficacy level and 56.3% of respondents had positive attitude in low salt diet. There was a significant relationship between self-efficacy level and hypertension attitudes in low salt diet (p=0,000), meaning that person with higher self-efficacy level would have more positive attitude in low salt diet.
Conclusions: This research is expected to be a recommendation for nurse to increase hypertension patient's self -efficacy to create positive attitude in low salt diet by giving intervention self-efficacy training that involve their family. It is expected to pay attention to the attitudes and self efficacy to maintain compliance with low-salt diet.
Key words: low salt diet; hypertension; self-efficacy; self-care


As a systemized project, course building is affected by many factors. The present problems in course building are preventing the facilitation of teaching qualities to some degree. This paper focuses on a number of relevant problems in the new round of course development in AFEI.


Stand the point of logistics, this paper analyze the logistics demand characteristics and the status of the Yangtze River waterway evaluation the adaptability between the navigation capacity of Yangtze River and logistics remands from information construction, dredging enviroment standards, navigable capacity and stability based on DEA, then promote suggestions for improvement.


Multi-block structured point to point grids have been generated by ICEM for a civil aviation aircraft in landing configuration.The low speed viscous complex flow is simulated using the WISEMAN PLUS software,based on N-S equations.At approach condition,the difference between computed lift coefficient and experimental data is less than 3.8%,the pitching moment is less than 3.6%.The stall angle is less than 1 degree,and the computed maximum lift coefficient is 6.3% below the experiment.The paper also presents some insight research of the complex flow field.The results show that the CFD simulation fits well with the wind tunnel test and satisfies the engineering requirements.