The COVID-19 pandemic is affecting food and nutrition security through economic and social systems shocks, food system disruptions and gaps in coverage of essential health and nutrition services. Food systems in low- and middle-income groups must adapt and strengthen food and nutrition security in the wake of COVID-19. Smallholder farmers are a crucial part of the food value chain in India, as well as a critical element of the global food system. The COVID-19 pandemic has brought new risks that threaten livelihoods as well as food security. Post the rabi harvest in April, farmers prepare for the next (kharif) season in May. However, the COVID-19 induced disruptions have reduced production capacity for farm inputs and have led to an increase in price, making these resources inaccessible to smallholder and marginal farmers in the country. The corona-virus pandemic has caused a global reduction in economic activity and although this is major cause for concern, the ramping down of human activity appears to have had a positive impact on the environment. The COVID-19 lockdown has several social and economic effects. Additionally, COVID-19 has caused several impacts on global migration. Carbon emissions have dropped, and the COVID-19 lockdown has led to an improvement in air quality and a reduction in water pollution in many cities around the globe. We found that the COVID-19 lockdown in India has primarily impacted farmers' ability to sell their crops and livestock products and decreased daily wages and dietary diversity. In this context, we aim to synthesize the early evidence of the COVID-19 impact on the Indian agricultural system viz., production, marketing and consumption followed by a set of potential strategies to recover and prosper post-pandemic. Findings indicate that the pandemic has affected production and marketing through labour and logistical constraints, while the negative income shock restricted access to markets and increased prices of food commodities affecting the consumption pattern.


The present invention discloses a method for controlling a drive having a position and a microelectromechanical gyroscope for controlling a microelectromechanical gyroscope. The MEMS gyroscope comprising: a microstructure (2), the microstructure having a fixed structure (6), with respect to the fixed structure (6) in accordance with a first degree of freedom of the drive shaft driving mass (X) movement (7), and a sensing mass (8), said sensing mass (8) mechanically coupled to the driving mass (7) so as to be brought in accordance with the motion of the drive shaft (X), and said sensing mass (8) in response to the rotation of the microstructure (2) with respect to the driving mass (7) to a second degree of freedom in accordance with the detection axis (Y) movement; and a drive means (3) for holding the driving mass (7 ) at a drive frequency (# d #) vibrate. Drive means includes means for detecting the driving mass (7) with respect to the drive shaft (X), the position (x) of the discrete time detector interface (20); and a position based on the driving mass (X (7) of ) controlling the driving frequency (# d #) control means (21,23,24,25).


This study aims to identify the Integration of Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) and Failure Mode And Effect Analysis (FMEA) to Increase the Effectiveness of Screw Press Machines at PT. Beurata Subur Persada Nagan Raya Regency. Based on the results of the study showed that the effectiveness of the Screw Press for PT. Beurata Subur Persada is still in the effective category with an average Overall Equipment Effectiveness value of 86.14 percent. This means that the screw press machine used is still very effective in the process of pressing the FFB. From the results of the analysis of the six big lose factor, it can be seen that Reduced speed losses is a very significant factor in the decline in OEE values on screw press machines with an average of 52.69% or with a time of 130.47 minutes. The results of the FMEA analysis show that the RPN value the biggest is 180 in the breakdown losses for the type of broken shift failure then the second largest is 120 in the reduced speed losses for the type of failure the engine speed is reduced. The results of the FMEA weighting with the largest RPN (risk priority number) for each category are 180 and 120. Based on these results it is necessary to propose improvements to reduce the breakdown losses and reduced speed losses in the highest repair priority, namely broken beds and reduced engine speeds. Overcoming these problems can be done by doing preventive maintenance on a regular basis once a week to prevent damage by dismantling the machine and re-installing and tightening or replacing new components.


The systemic administration of a therapeutic protein is a common approach for the treatment of multiple disorders. Intramuscular (i.m.) injection of plasmids, followed by electroporation, has been shown to facilitate naked DNA gene transfer in skeletal muscle allowing proteins to be produced and secreted at therapeutically relevant levels.


Background Wuling powder is a classical formula of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), which is extensively applied to treat diabetic nephropathy (DN). However, there are no related reports on systematically evaluating the efficacy of Wuling powder in the treatment of DN. Targeted at this, this study was developed. Materials and Methods This study systematically searched related articles from nine databases, including PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science, China Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), China Biomedical CD-ROM (Sino Med), Wanfang database, Vipers database (VIP), and the China Clinical Trials Registry website. The randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving Wuling Power to treat DN were included, which were published from the established data of the above databases to March 2022. In addition, the language of the studies was not restricted. Studies were meta-analyzed using the RevMan 5.4 software given in the Cochrane Collaboration Network. The treatment efficacy was measured using the weighted mean differences (WMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results 24 studies were included for the final analysis. 24 h urine volume (WMD = 357.95; 95% CI [322.83, 393.06], p < 0.00001), 24 h urine protein quantification(24 h UPQ) (WMD = −1.30; 95% CI [−1.82, −0.78], p < 0.00001), serum creatinine (Scr) (WMD = −10.17; 95% CI [−11.13, −9.21], p < 0.00001), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) (WMD = −1.62; 95% CI [−2.30, −0.93], p < 0.00001), urinary albumin excretion rate (UAER) (WMD = −24.73; 95% CI [−35.46, −13.99], p < 0.00001), fasting blood glucose (FBG) (WMD = −0.63.95% CI [−0.97, −0.30], p = 0.002), glycated hemoglobin (WMD = −0.11; 95% CI [−0.30, 0.08], p=0.26), total cholesterol (TC) (WMD = −0.63; 95% CI [−1.23, −0.04], p=0.04), triglycerides (TG) (WMD = −0.46. 95% CI [−0.70, −0.23], p=0.0001), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (WMD = −0.32; 95% CI [0.03, 0.62], p=0.03), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (WMD = −0.57; 95% CI [−0.77, −0.37], p < 0.00001), and total effective rate (TER) (response ratio (RR) = 1.40; 95% CI [1.32, 1.48]; p < 0.00001) were concluded. The Wuling powder in the treatment of DN was statistically significant in all the above outcome indicators, and the efficacy of the treatment group was better than that of the control group. Conclusion The results of this study provided evidence for the clinical application of Wuling powder to treat the DN, but it had to be further validated in higher-quality clinical studies.


For a long time, historical mortars were primarily associated with mortars based on calcium carbonate as the main binder phase. Recent publications show that considerable amounts of magnesium are often present in the binder of historical mortars, which is referred to the use of dolomite rock as raw material (Diekamp, 2009; Diekamp, 2014). A special feature are Roman and medieval dolomitic lime mortars with the addition of brick fragments as a pozzolanic component (Schidlowski, 2019).In order to characterize the phase formation in modern pozzolanic dolomitic lime mortars, mortar prisms based on dolomitic lime were produced with three different pozzolans (antique and modern brick dust and metakaolin). To draw comparisons with other binders, identical prisms based on calcite and magnesite were produced. These specimens were stored under different environmental conditions (60 % and 95 % relative humidity) and examined by X-ray diffraction and simultaneous thermal analysis after periods of 28, 90 and 180 days.


Using the special self-manufactured processing equipment,we fabricated the aluminium matrix composites with high volume fraction(55%~57%) SiC particles based on a novel pressureless infiltration fabrication technology.The microstructures,mechanical and physical properties,fracture mechanism of the composites were characterized.Additionally,several kinds of typical optomechanical components for space-based optical systems were produced successfully by means of electromachining(such as wire electrical discharge),grinding,abrading,etc.The investigation reveals that the composites have good mechanical properties,such as ultra-high modulus(the Young's modulus is 213 GPa,the specific modulus is approximately as three times as Al,Ti,and steel),as well as prominent thermal management function(low thermal expansion coefficient(8×10-6 K-1),and very high thermal conductivity(235 W/m·K)).Experimental results show that the new multi-function and lightweight SiC/Al composites can be used in the optomechanical systems in the space field to improve greatly the thermal management effect and to sharply decrease the whole weight of the space-based optomechanic structure.


Exact relations between Tk, the kth temporal moments of the nucleation flux, and the derivative of its Laplace transform (LT) are established and applied to available asymptotic expressions for the LT, generalizing earlier results by Shneidman and Weinberg [J. Chem. Phys. 95, 9148 (1991); 97, 3629 (1992)] on the time-lag T0. For any k⩾2 the moments Tk are expressed through simple algebraic combinations of T0 and T1. The two lower moments can thus be used to parametrize the time-dependent flux, with parametrization being substantially different from earlier, nonasymptotic approximations. The leading asymptotic dependences are expected to be applicable to both discrete and continuous versions of the nucleation equation, and to arbitrary sizes in the growth region. Higher-order corrections at the critical size are also obtained.


The purpose of this study was to assess the availability of tourism clusters in the regions of Pribaikal, namely the Irkutsk region and the Republic of Buryatia, using a variety of cluster identification methods. The findings suggest that the characteristics of tourism clusters are found in the Republic of Buryatia. However, in Irkutsk region they are not available, although the two regions are the object of a number of national and regional development programs of tourism clusters.


Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to deal with the three-dimensional analysis of free vibrations in a stress-free and rigidly fixed homogeneous transversely isotropic hollow cylinder in the context of three-phase-lag (TPL) model of hyperbolic thermoelasticity.

Design/methodology/approach
The matrix Frobenius method of extended power series is employed to obtain the solution of coupled ordinary differential equations along the radial coordinate.

Findings
The natural frequency, dissipation factor and inverse quality factor in the stress-free and rigidly fixed hollow cylinder get significantly affected due to thermal vibrations and thermo-mechanical coupling.

Originality/value
The modified Bessel functions and matrix Frobenius method have been directly used to study the vibration model of a homogeneous, transversely isotropic hollow cylinder in the context of TPL model based on three-dimensional thermoelasticity.


BACKGROUND
Castor oil, a potent cathartic, is derived from the bean of the castor plant. Anecdotal reports, which date back to ancient Egypt have suggested the use of castor oil to stimulate labour. Castor oil has been widely used as a traditional method of initiating labour in midwifery practice. Its role in the initiation of labour is poorly understood and data examining its efficacy within a clinical trial are limited. This is one of a series of reviews of methods of cervical ripening and labour induction using standardised methodology.

OBJECTIVES
To determine the effects of castor oil or enemas for third trimester cervical ripening or induction of labour in comparison with other methods of cervical ripening or induction of labour.

SEARCH STRATEGY
The Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group trials register, the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register and bibliographies of relevant papers. Last searched: November 2000.

SELECTION CRITERIA
(1) clinical trials comparing castor oil, bath or enemas used for third trimester cervical ripening or labour induction with placebo/no treatment or other methods listed above it on a predefined list of labour induction methods; (2) random allocation to the treatment or control group; (3) adequate allocation concealment; (4) violations of allocated management not sufficient to materially affect conclusions; (5) clinically meaningful outcome measures reported; (6) data available for analysis according to the random allocation; (7) missing data insufficient to materially affect the conclusions.

DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
A strategy has been developed to deal with the large volume and complexity of trial data relating to labour induction. This involves a two-stage method of data extraction.

MAIN RESULTS
In the one included study of 100 women, which compared a single dose of castor oil versus no treatment, no difference was found between caesarean section rates (relative risk (RR) 2.31, 95% CI 0.77, 6.87). No data were presented on neonatal or maternal mortality or morbidity. There was no difference between either the rate of meconium stained liquor (RR 0.77, 95% CI 0.25,2.36) or Apgar score < 7 at 5 minutes (RR 0.92, 95% CI 0.02,45.71) between the two groups. The number of participants was small hence only large differences in outcomes could have been detected. All women who ingested castor oil felt nauseous.

REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS
The only trial included in this review attempts to address the role of castor oil as an induction agent. The trial was small and of poor methodological quality. Further research is needed to attempt to quantify the efficacy of castor oil as an induction agent.


Samples of industrial high-density polyethylenes (Liten Macro, Liten FB 29, and Hostalen GM 9255 F) were divided into fractions by precipitation fractionation. The original samples and their fractions were characterized by light scattering, GPC, and viscometry. For all samples the molecular weight distribution is of logarithmic-normal type. High-density polyethylenes under investigation contain also high-molecular-weight fractions of pronouncedly branched structure, the content of branched molecules being, of course, considerably smaller than that in low-density polyethylenes.


A clear understanding of the dynamics of photosynthetic capacity is crucial for accurate modeling of ecosystem carbon uptake. However, such dynamical information is hardly available and has dramatically impeded our understanding of carbon cycles. Although tremendous efforts have been made in coupling the dynamic information of photosynthetic capacity into models, using "proxies" rooted from the close relationships between photosynthetic capacity and other available leaf parameters remains the popular selection. Unfortunately, no consensus has yet been reached on such "proxies", leading them only applicable to limited cases. In this study, we aim to identify if there are close relationships between the photosynthetic capacity (represented by the maximum carboxylation rate, Vcmax) and leaf traits for mature broadleaves within a cold temperature deciduous forest. This is based on a long-term in situ dataset including leaf chlorophyll content (Chl), leaf nitrogen concentration (Narea, Nmass), leaf carbon concentration (Carea, Cmass), equivalent water thickness (EWT), leaf mass per area (LMA), and leaf gas exchange measurements from which Vcmax was derived, for both sunlit and shaded leaves during leaf mature periods from 2014 to 2019. The results show that the Vcmax values of sunlit and shaded leaves were relatively stable during these periods, and no statistically significant interannual variations occurred (p > 0.05). However, this is not applicable to specific species. Path analysis revealed that Narea was the major contributor to Vcmax for sunlit leaves (0.502), while LMA had the greatest direct relationship with Vcmax for shaded leaves (0.625). The LMA has further been confirmed as a primary proxy if no leaf type information is available. These findings provide a promising way to better understand photosynthesis and to predict carbon and water cycles in temperate deciduous forests.


Brain tumours constitute the most frequent solid tumour in childhood. At approximately 20% of paediatric malignant disease they remain uncommon with incidence of 2-3 per 100,000. Glial tumours represent over half of brain tumours in children, although in comparison with adult gliomas, where high grade tumours predominate, low grade tumours are more frequent. These characteristically include cystic pilocytic astrocytomas with a predilection for the posterior fossa and low grade chiasmal gliomas. Primitive neuroectodermal tumours (PNETs), of which medulloblastoma is the commonest type, represent about a quarter of paediatric brain tumours. PNETs have a bimodal age distribution with peak incidence initially at 3-4 years and again at 8-9 years. Craniopharyngiomas, which arise in the suprasellar region from remnants of Rathke's pouch, occur throughout childhood. Cranial germ cell tumours have a peak incidence in teenage children. The frequency of individual brain tumours is shown in Table 1. The striking contrast of childhood compared to adult brain tumours is the predilection for posterior fossa presentation.


This paper examines the relationship between the Online Social Media (OSM) usage and the attitude towards entrepreneurial communication within the context of Saudi Arabia. This cross-sectional study adopts a quantitative approach using an online survey of 606 users. Data was collected from (a) Young entrepreneurs; (b) Incubatee entrepreneurs; and (c) School age aspirant entrepreneurs using an online survey with 270 men and 336 women participated in the survey. The analyses were executed using the partial least squares (PLS) approach. Findings suggest that Usage of OSM have a positive impact on attitude towards Entrepreneurial Communication. The impact can be classified into three major themes of improvement in; (a) self-confidence; (b) personal verbal communications; (c) expression of mind; resulting positive responses for business development. The gender was also found to be significant moderating variable which reveals variations on the degree of effect between males and females. To the best of our knowledge, earlier researches failed to provide empirical link between assimilation of social media and attitude towards entrepreneurial communication skills within the Saudi context, taking into account the moderation effect of among gender groups. One of the hallmarks of research finding is identification of OSM Apps as a candidate supplement for personal communication within the business environment, which opens the chance for future research to study this area of knowledge


In the Epistle to the Galatians, Paul directly addresses only the Galatian churches; through them, however, he is engaged in a polemic against rival missionaries who had influenced the churches with another gospel. If one intends to analyze Paul's argumentation in Galatians 1–2, it is necessary first to ask about the characteristics of these missionaries and their gospel. In the history of research, many different pictures of the opponents and their gospel have been drawn. These reconstructions result partly from the method of so-called mirror reading; this method infers the position of the opponents by reversing the negations and affirmations in Paul's argumentation. Recently and with good reason this method has been criticized. In my analysis I confine myself to what can be said with certainty about the opponents: First, the opponents shared with Paul the belief in Jesus as the messiah; otherwise Paul could not have termed their message a "gospel" (Gal 1:6). Second, for the opponents the gospel of Paul was incomplete, because it lacked part of the commandments of the covenant, particularly the commandment of circumcision as a prerequisite for full membership among the people of God (Gal 5:3–4; 6:12–13). Although Paul himself did not mention it, we can safely assume that on this point the opponents referred to scripture. Gen 17:10–11, for example, states clearly that without circumcision no one can be a member of the covenant.


Genetically modified crops may cause transgene distribution of hybrid plants. Issues about the ecological security assessment become more and more important. In this study, broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) transformed with the ipt (isopentenyl transferase) gene, designated as line 103 was used to investigate hybridization extent by pollination with seven closely related varieties. The range of fertility rates followed by nature pollination were 0-9%, while no hybridization was found for 'Pakchoi' and 'Rapa' as pollen recipients. Results showed that transgenic DNA insertion did not alter potential risk for outcross among broccoli varieties. In order to study the competitive advantage of F_1 progenies bred from transgenic ipt broccoli crossing with four closely related varieties, transgenic line 103 and 104 (CK) inbred line were used as pollen donor and hybridized with related varieties by artificial pollination. Results of transgenic ipt F_1 showed that plant height was higher than that of 104 hybrid F_1. Seed numbers per pod of transgenic ipt F_1 were higher than those of 104 hybrid F_1, parents and 104 (CK). Results indicated that F_1 progeny from transgenic broccoli hybrid exhibited the phenomenon of heterosis.


Reevaluated the systematic position of the endemic species Apodemus krkensis from the island Krk in Croatia, Yugoslavia. Three hundred and thirty-two museum speeimens of Apodemus sylvaticus (wood mouse) and A. flavicollis (yellow-necked mouse) from 10 insular, coastal, and inland localities in northwestern Yugoslavia were compared to seven speeimens of the nominal species A. krkensis collected in 1975 near the type locality of Baska on the island of Krk. Results of a multivariate analysis of variance using 11 cranial characters showed A. sylvaticus could be distinguished with ease from A. flavicollis but that it was inseparable morphologically from A. krkensis. The only demonstrable difference between A. sylvaticus and A. krkensis was the gray pelage possessed by the latter. Microscopic examination of hairs from the dorsal pelage suggested that this Variation in color centers around a reduetion in pigment deposition and the number of melanosomes (pigment granules) synthesized by hairs of the underfur in krkensis. The paling effect is attributed to introduetion of a mutant allele at the C (albino) locus. Inasmuch as additional collecting on northern Adriatic islands and the adjacent mainland has shown the gray form to be more widespread than previously thought, and because it occurs U.S. Copyright Clearance Center Code Statement: 0044-3468/81/4603-0151 $ 02.50/0 Z. Säugetierkunde 46 (1981) 151-161 © 1981 Verlag Paul Parey, Hamburg und Berlin ISSN 0044-3468 / InterCode: ZSAEA 7 © Biodiversity Heritage Library, http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/


......................................................................................................................................... i Acknowledgements ...................................................................................................................... iii Publications from this Thesis ........................................................................................................ v List of Figures ............................................................................................................................. vii List of Tables..............................................................................................................................viii Chapter 1 General Introduction..................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Biology and distribution of orange roughy ......................................................................... 2 1.2 Deep-sea fisheries ............................................................................................................... 3 1.3 Fisheries management and population genetics .................................................................. 4 1.4 Population differentiation studies in orange roughy ........................................................... 6 1.5 Deep-sea environment and visual adaptations .................................................................... 8 1.6 Demographic history and DNA sequence analyses ............................................................ 9 1.7 The aims and structure of this thesis ................................................................................. 10 Chapter 2 Low levels of global genetic differentiation and population expansion in the deep-sea teleost Hoplostethus atlanticus revealed by mitochondrial DNA sequences.............................. 11 2.1 Abstract ............................................................................................................................. 11 2.2 Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 12 2.3 Materials and methods ...................................................................................................... 14 2.3.1 Sampling and DNA extractions.................................................................................. 14 2.3.2 PCR amplification, sequencing and alignment .......................................................... 16 2.3.3 Data analyses.............................................................................................................. 17 2.4 Results ............................................................................................................................... 18 2.4.1 Genetic diversity and population structure................................................................. 18 2.4.2 Demographic history .................................................................................................. 24 2.5 Discussion ......................................................................................................................... 28 2.5.1 Genetic diversity and structure................................................................................... 28 2.5.2 Implications for fisheries management in New Zealand ............................................ 30 2.5.3 Demographic history .................................................................................................. 31 2.6 Conclusion......................................................................................................................... 32 Chapter 3 Global and fine-scale population structure in the commercially exploited deep-sea teleost orange roughy (Hoplostethus atlanticus) ......................................................................... 33 3.1 Abstract ............................................................................................................................. 33 3.2 Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 34 3.3 Materials and methods ...................................................................................................... 36 3.3.1 Sampling and DNA extraction ................................................................................... 36 3.3.2 PCR and genotyping................................................................................................... 38 3.3.3 Data analyses.............................................................................................................. 38 3.4 Results ............................................................................................................................... 41 3.4.1 Spatial analyses .......................................................................................................... 41 3.4.2 Temporal analyses...................................................................................................... 49 3.5 Discussion ......................................................................................................................... 52 3.5.1 Microsatellite DNA diversity ..................................................................................... 52 3.5.2 Global scale population structure ............................................................................... 52 3.5.3 Fine-scale population structure and implications for fisheries management in New Zealand................................................................................................................................ 54 3.6 Conclusion......................................................................................................................... 56 Chapter 4 Genetic divergence and phylogenetic relationships of six species of the genus Hoplostethus based on Cytochrome c Oxidase I (COI) sequences ............................................. 57 4.1 Abstract ............................................................................................................................. 57 4.2 Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 58 4.3 Materials and methods ...................................................................................................... 61 4.3.1 Data collection............................................................................................................ 61 4.3.2 DNA sequence analyses ............................................................................................. 62 4.4 Results ............................................................................................................................... 62 4.4.1 Genetic divergence..................................................................................................... 62 4.4.2 Phylogenetic relationships.......................................................................................... 63 4.5 Discussion ......................................................................................................................... 67 4.5.1 Genetic divergence..................................................................................................... 67 4.5.2 Phylogenetic relationships.......................................................................................... 68 4.6 Conclusions ....................................................................................................................... 69 Chapter 5 Critical amino acid replacements in the rhodopsin gene of the deep-sea teleost orange roughy (Hoplostethus atlanticus): comparison with other teleost species occupying different light environments....................................................................................................................... 71 5.1 Abstract ............................................................................................................................. 71 5.2 Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 72 5.3 Materials and methods ...................................................................................................... 74 5.3.1 Sampling and DNA extractions.................................................................................. 74 5.3.2 PCR amplification, sequencing and alignment .......................................................... 76 5.3.3 Data analyses.............................................................................................................. 76 5.4 Results ............................................................................................................................... 78 5.5 Discussion ......................................................................................................................... 84 5.6 Conclusion......................................................................................................................... 86 Chapter 6 General Discussion ..................................................................................................... 87 6.1 Genetic diversity in orange roughy ................................................................................... 87 6.2 Population structure in orange roughy .............................................................................. 87 6.3 Implications for fisheries management in New Zealand................................................... 91 6.4 Demographic history of orange roughy............................................................................. 92 6.5 Genetic divergence and phylogenetic relationships of Hoplostethus spp. ........................ 95 6.6 Visual adaptations of orange roughy to the bathypelagic light environment


To achieve both high gravimetric and volumetric energy densities of lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries, it is essential yet challenging to develop low‐porosity dense electrodes along with diminishment of the electrolyte and other lightweight inactive components. Herein, a compact TiO2@VN heterostructure with high true density (5.01 g cm–3) is proposed crafted by ingenious selective nitridation, serving as carbon‐free dual‐capable hosts for both sulfur and lithium. As a heavy S host, the interface‐engineered heterostructure integrates adsorptive TiO2 with high conductive VN and concurrently yields a built‐in electric field for charge‐redistribution at the TiO2/VN interfaces with enlarged active locations for trapping‐migration‐conversion of polysulfides. Thus‐fabricated TiO2@VN–S composite harnessing high tap‐density favors constructing dense cathodes (≈1.7 g cm–3) with low porosity (<30 vol%), exhibiting dual‐boosted cathode‐level peak volumetric‐/gravimetric‐energy‐densities nearly 1700 Wh L−1cathode/1000 Wh kg−1cathode at sulfur loading of 4.2 mg cm−2 and prominent areal capacity (6.7 mAh cm−2) at 7.6 mg cm−2 with reduced electrolyte (<10 µL mg−1sulfur). Particular lithiophilicity of the TiO2@VN is demonstrated as Li host to uniformly tune Li nucleation with restrained dendrite growth, consequently bestowing the assembled full‐cell with high electrode‐level volumetric/gravimetric‐energy‐density beyond 950 Wh L−1cathode+anode/560 Wh kg−1cathode+anode at 3.6 mg cm−2 sulfur loading alongside limited lithium excess (≈50%).


The most recent studies demonstrate the predictive power of neural-networks. Used neuralnetworks were success to predict of economic results trends, and the neural-networks have an advantage, whereas its can the nonlinear functions approximate. In doing so, it can provide the alternative analysis regression of the biology of modeling growth. Some Few searches were conducted by neural-networks on the animal growth model artificially. The present study was conducted to compare, the parameters of various associated input performance. For example, the chickens price/kg in poultry farm, the price/tons of poultry feed, the quantity import of white meat, and the numbers of chickens slaughtered, which is expected to be of help in future for our study. We applied series of data/monthly for rates exchange in between 2009 to 2014. Aims of recent study in the first place; to develop ANNbased models to study the Fate of the Poultry Industry Forecasting in Kurdistan Region. Secondly, through previous data we can recommend that, neural-networks method, more suitable in chicken industries, than the simple analysis regression, if accurate data are collected and processed in such forms.


The critical behavior of a ferromagnetic monolayer has been investigated experimentally for the case of the thermodynamically stable pseudomorphic monolayer Fe(110) on W(110). The nearly ideal monolayer samples were composed of monolayer Fe(110) stripes, grown by step flow from the atomic steps of the W(110) substrate, with a distribution of stripe widths around a mean value of 40 nm, and virtually infinite length. The magnetic properties were measured by spin-polarized low-energy electron diffraction, which could be done in weak magnetic fields up to 2 Oe. The monolayer samples show uniaxial magnetic anisotropy with the easy axis [$1\overline{1}0$] in the film plane. Magnetization tails above ${T}_{c}$ were shown to be a result of convolution of the critical power law with the monolayer stripe width distribution. Using an appropriate deconvolution, critical power laws could be established for both magnetization $M$ and susceptibility $\ensuremath{\chi}$, with critical exponents $\ensuremath{\beta}=(0.134\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.003)$ and $\ensuremath{\gamma}=(2.8\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.2)$, corresponding to predictions of a two-dimensional anisotropic Heisenberg model.


Six hyperuricemic patients, with a high incidence of hypertriglyceridemia, were placed on a purine‐free maintenance diet during a 2 week single‐blind study of the uricosuric activity of halofenate (MK‐185). In a single dose‐response study, halofenate, given in a dose of 1 gm orally, produced a uricosuric effect of 48 hours' duration and a peak response 6 to 8 hours after administration, with a significant fall in serum urate. In a 3 day trial of the drug, a progressive increase in urate excretion occurred with a further fall in serum urate. During the study, the mean triglyceride concentration fell by 26% and cholesterol by 15% of the pretreatment values.


Summary: A series of poly(L-lactic acid)/poly(tetramethylene glycol) (PLLA/PTMG) blend films were prepared by casting the polymer blend solution in chloroform. Surface morphologies of the PLLA/PTMG blend films were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Thermal, mechanical, and chemical properties of PLLA/PTMG blend films were studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), tensile tests, and surface contact angle tests. It was revealed that the introduction of flexible PTMG could markedly modify the properties of the PLLA films.


Using differential scanning calorimetry, the structure of the diblock copolymer (DBC)MePEO‐b‐PAAm was determined. The behaviour of DBCs in water and mixed solvents was investigated. It is shown that adding of dimethyl formamide to DBC water solutions leads to destruction of the H‐bonds network between the PAAm and MePEO blocks. The tendency of DBCs to micellization in water/ethanol mixture depends on the length of MePEO block and grows with increasing molecular weight of MePEO and PAAm.


Fuzzy K-nearest neighbor classification rule is implemented by neural network of the Hamming net and is applied to seismic first arrival picking. Two kinds of feature set are used in two experiments. The first experiment uses amplitude, mean power level, power ratio, and envelope slope as the features. The second experiment uses average amplitude and envelope at the local maximum amplitude as the features. In the training stage, the training wavelets of the first arrival are selected from the training traces, and features are generated. The fuzzy membership is then assigned to each training wavelet. In the testing stage, features of each seismic trace is generated, and each candidate local picks is selected. Then the features of each candidate local pick, through the neural network, are used to determine if the candidate is the first arrival or not. The experimental results are quite encouraging.


The present invention is directed to a carrier for holding and transporting a product along a conveyor. The carrier includes a block having a lower surface and a footprint defined by a width and a length. A shackle has an upper end proximate the block and a lower end distal from the block. The upper end is secured to the block such that the shackle depends from the lower surface and the lower end of the shackle is prevented from moving toward the block. A holder is formed on the lower end of the shackle, the holder adapted to hold the product. The present invention is also directed to a transport/holder assembly for holding and transporting a product along a conveyor. The assembly includes a trolley engaging the conveyor for movement therealong. An adapter is secured to the trolley. A carrier is mounted on the adapter and depends therefrom. The carrier and the adapter are relatively arranged and configured such that the carrier may be vertically displaced with respect to the adapter and the trolley. The carrier may be constructed as described above. Preferably, the carrier is mounted on the trolley using an adapter according to the present invention. The present invention is further directed to a conveyor system incorporating a transport/holder assembly and methods for weighing and cutting a product.


Uncertainty is the parameter,associated with the result of a measurement,that characterizes the dispersion of the values which could reasonably be attributed to the measurand.The International Maritime Organization(IMO) has adopted the Resolution Msc.137(76) Standards for Ship Manoeuvrability(IMO,2002b),therefore an accurate prediction of manoeuvring abilities at design stage through numerical simulation has become a fundamental issue.In this paper,GUM(Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement) analysis method was adopted to investigate the reliability of concentrated parameters numerical procedures,a code for manoeuvring simulation was developed at CSSRC,based on the classical nonlinear mathematics model approach for hydrodynamics of model test and manoeuvring derivatives.


Objective To study the characteristics and the geographic distribution of Yersinia pesits strains with the largest plasmids in China. Methods According to the methods of Kado and Liu, the plasmids were extracted from 2 026 Y.pestis strains from the plague natural foci and analyzed by Agar Gel Electrophoresis. Results The strains with the largest plasmid are carried three kinds, and the relative molecular weight are 52×106, 65×106 and 90×106. Strains with 52×106 plasmid are distributed in the southern and northern foothills of the Qilian Mountains and areas around the Qinghai Lake. Strains with 52×106 plasmid are only found in the Naqu areas of the northern Tibetan Plateau and the part areas of Yushu, Qumalai County and Geermu City. Strains with 65×106 plasmid are distributed in the other plague natural foci in China. Conclusion The studies of characteristics and the geographical distribution of strains with the largest plasmid are of great significance to analyze the space construction of the plague natural foci and the genetics characteristics of Y.pestis in China.


[1] High-speed fault slips during earthquakes may generate sufficient frictional heat to produce fused fault rocks such as pseudotachylyte. We have carried out high-speed slip tests using natural fault gouge to judge whether or not frictional heating universally occurs during seismic fault slips. In our shearing tests, natural fault gouge is put between two cylindrical silica glasses and sheared under a fixed axial stress of 0.61 MPa. Despite such a low stress near the Earth's surface, a darkened cohesive material resembling pseudotachylyte is made from the fault gouge along the edge of a circular shear plane when shearing at a high speed of 1500 rpm (the maximum slip rate reaches ∼1.96 m/s at the edge). Electron spin resonance measurements reveal that the darkened cohesive material has a strong ferrimagnetic resonance (FMR) signal, which is derived from bulky trivalent iron ions in ferrimagnetic iron oxides (γ-Fe2O3). The FMR signal is produced by the thermal dehydration of antiferromagnetic iron oxides (γ-FeOOH) in the fault gouge. This may be applicable to the detection of past heating during seismic fault slip. We thus attempt to reconstruct the temperature of frictional heat generated on the Nojima fault plane in the 1995 Kobe earthquake (M = 7.3) by inversion using the FMR signal. The computer simulation indicates that the frictional heat generated on the Nojima fault plane at ∼390 m depth may have attained ∼390°C during the 1995 Kobe earthquake. The temperature in the fault plane may have returned to its initial state after ∼1 year. This result suggests that a heat flow anomaly generated by faulting may be difficult to detect.


Review question/objective The objective of this review is to identify the effectiveness of ketamine gargle in comparison to placebo in reducing postoperative sore throat for patients undergoing airway instrumentation. Background Postoperative sore throat (POST) remains a frequent complaint for patients after airway instrumentation yet it takes very little pre‐intervention to reduce the effects of throat soreness.1‐5 Airway instrumentation is defined as manipulation of the airway to facilitate insertion of an object into the airway for assisting or maintaining breathing and/or for diagnostic purposes.5 POST may be perceived by health care providers as a minor side effect associated with the insertion of airway instrumentation; however POST can be a distressing point of focus for most patients that could diminish an overall positive surgical experience.2 Sore throat is a general term that encompasses many different symptoms. For the purposes of this review, the term 'sore throat' will include specific symptoms such as: dysphagia (difficulty in swallowing), dysphonia (disorders of the voice), hoarseness, continuous throat pain and pharyngeal dryness.6 "Sore throat" can result from damage and/or irritation to the tracheal mucosa due to the introduction of an instrument to the airway.1,5 Various instruments are inserted into the airway during surgical or diagnostic procedures, including laryngoscopes, laryngeal mask airways, oral airways, suctioning devices or fiber optic equipment, for visualization of the airway. Anesthesia providers maintain or assist an anesthetized patient's respirations with an endotracheal tube (ETT) or laryngeal mask airway (LMA). Laryngoscopy for ETT placement involves the insertion of a hard metal or plastic instrument into the oropharynx with subsequent manipulation of the epiglottis for direct visualization of the vocal cords. Laryngoscopy with subsequent insertion of an ETT can result in irritation to any part of the pharynx, the larynx or the trachea.5 Sore throat is often highest after tracheal intubation; however, the incidence of POST has also been documented after the use of LMA.6 The LMA is a supraglottic airway device that sits above the glottis providing a tight seal around the trachea. LMA insertion involves sliding the soft plastic device backwards along the roof of the oral cavity until resistance is felt. LMA insertion can result in irritation to the pharynx above the glottis.5 In a study performed by Lehmann, Monte, Barach and Kindler, postoperative complaints were evaluated in 12,276 patients and POST was rated as the second highest patient complaint of dissatisfaction.3 A non‐randomized prospective study conducted by Biro, Seifert and Pasch noted a 40% incidence of sore throat complaints amongst 809 patients analyzed.2 Researchers have attempted to provide patients with a simple, yet effective, intervention to reduce POST that is consistent with the provision of adequate and quality care by the anesthesia provider.2,3 Studies have analyzed the effectiveness of reducing POST with various methods including the use of a smaller sized endotracheal tube, the preoperative administration of a lidocaine spray, and the application of lidocaine or betamethasone gel to the distal portion of the endotracheal tube.1,2,7,8 While these interventions have shown some effectiveness in reducing POST, not one intervention has been completely effective. For this reason, the exploration of alternative techniques is indicated. Ketamine gargle is a newly proposed adjunct for reducing the incidence of POST in anesthesia literature. The gargle is hypothesized to provide analgesia due to its inhibition of N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate (NMDA) receptors and agonist activity at opioid receptors located in the oral and upper respiratory tract mucosa.9‐11 As cited by Quibell et al.,11 ketamine rinse has been shown to be a useful treatment in radiation‐induced oral mucositis. In a study by Ryan, Lin and Atayee,12 ketamine mouthwash ‐ 20 mg/5 mL ‐ was utilized for the treatment of refractory oral mucositis pain, with success in five of the eight patients studied. These authors cite two additional studies in which ketamine rinse ‐ at doses of 20 mg/5 mL and 40 mg/30 mL ‐ was successfully utilized for the treatment of oral mucositis pain and prevention of post‐operative sore throat.12 The phenomenon of postoperative opioid induced hyperalgesia ‐ changes in intracellular signalling leading to a decrease in the pain threshold ‐ has also been ameliorated by the use of ketamine.9‐11 Ketamine may therefore be helpful for attenuating the sore throat that often follows airway instrumentation. Administration of ketamine has been associated with development of negative dissociative psychological effects such as delirium, hallucinations, and vivid dreaming.9‐11 These negative symptoms occur most commonly following anesthetic doses of ketamine ‐ doses capable of producing a state of sedation and anesthesia ‐ and are not as common following administration of lower doses of ketamine intended to produce analgesia.9,10 As noted above, ketamine gargle would be administered as a low dose gargle which would reduce the chances of negative side effects. Ketamine gargle is a simple intervention that takes less than a minute to administer and can be done with almost all patients, given they have the ability to gargle. The aim of this review is to determine in patients undergoing airway instrumentation whether a ketamine gargle given preoperatively compared to the usual standard of care or placebo reduces postoperative throat soreness within 24 hours It would be assumed that gargling ketamine would provide potent analgesic effects directly to the area that is most affected during airway instrumentation. This, in turn, would lead to a decrease in the incidence of POST. Minor adverse events, like POST, should not be overlooked by care providers as they have the potential to extend the length of stay of the patient as well as increase the need for added medical intervention that could have been avoided or at least reduced. Benefits of reducing POST include: less postoperative discomfort, less need for pain medications, improved patient satisfaction and a possible decrease in length of stay. Patient satisfaction is subjective and is best summed up as the difference between the experience of care provided and what the patient expected the experience to be.4 Improving patient satisfaction is a crucial component of healthcare delivery because reimbursement for health care services is partly based on how satisfied the patients are with the care they are provided. Different patients each place priority on different things, but all patients can benefit from a simple intervention to reduce discomfort. The purpose of this review will be to evaluate the effectiveness of ketamine gargle in comparison to placebo in reducing POST.


s: As a constituent part of the news reports, the stock certificate news report, on the one hand, just as the other news reports, requests having such characters as truly, objectively and on time. On the other hand, differing from other news reports, it should pursue independence, authority, integrality, and solid benefit.


The e ff ect of the lithium ion coexistence on the fl uorescent properties was studied for a partially Ag-exchanged LTA (A-type) zeolite. A series of Ag  Li-LTA zeolite samples was prepared by mixing the LTA zeolite powder (1.0 g) with aqueous solutions (100 mL) containing AgNO 3 (0.5 mmol) and various amounts of LiNO 3 (0  100 mmol). Although the fl uorescence intensity was hardly observed in the unheated state for the Ag-LTA and the Ag  Li-LTA zeolites, the intensity was enhanced by the heat-treatment and showed the maximum value for the samples heated at 600 °C. A dramatic enhancement in the fl uorescence intensity was observed by increasing the amount of the Li addition with a heat treatment at 600 °C. The highest fl uorescent intensity was reached for the Ag(2.8 % )  Li(72.6 % )-LTA zeolite doped using the solution containing 0.5 mmol / g AgNO 3 and 100 mmol / g LiNO 3 . Furthermore, the fl uorescence shifted from a 605 nm (yellow) to the shorter wavelength of 505 nm (green) with the increasing Li amount. The fl uorescent intensity due to the coexisting lithium ion for the Ag-exchanged LTA zeolite was signi fi cantly superior to those of the Ag


Big data has become a new factor of production in the era of digital governance. Big data has changed the thinking and mode of decision-making, enabled governance decision-making, and created a new paradigm of decision-making. However, in the actual application process, due to the limitations of data availability, time, cost, cognitive and psychological factors, it is often inconsistent with panoramic data. How to judge and solve the inconsistency between the data subset and the data set is the premise of making scientific decision. From the perspective of "consistency", this paper constructs the basic assumptions of governance decision-making, combs and explains the solution path of consistency between the available data subset and the expected data set, expands the research perspective of measuring data similarity, and deepens the feasibility of data-driven enabling governance decision-making.


The relevant role played by Marxist theorists of the Second International, especially August Bebel, made possible the organized feminist movement, with a view toward the creation of an emancipating socialist project capable of ending gender and class oppression. The actions of women, as part of a project for the re-foundation of society on new bases and the overcoming of hierarchical social relations, pushed forward the conquest of innumerable rights recognized by contemporary legislation.


FD-3017 RaA instrument was used in the research to measure the radon concentration in soil of zhongdong area in Xiazhuang uranium ore field,Guangdong,and the radon concentration in the air(1 m) above ground surface was calculated using the earth-atmosphere radon exchange model.The research results indicate that the radon concentration in soil is in the range of 35—70 000 Bq/m~(3),the a-verage value is 2 019.4 Bq/m~(3);the radon concentration in air is in the range of 27.0—167.7 Bq/m~(3),the average value is 56.22 Bq/m~(3).The annual effective dose caused by radon is 3.81 mSv,about 3 times higher than that in the whole China which is 0.88 mSv.


pestis has been studied extensively. The literature has recently been reviewed by Meyer,1 Girard,2and Pollitzer.3 However, relatively few of the reports deal with the pathogenesis of experimental primary pneumonic plague. It appeared, therefore, that a comprehensive study of the development of pneumonic plague following exposure of mice to aerosols of Past, pestis should yield information of value in the understanding of this infection.


EC: "Isn't it possible to calibrate the model without reservoir and irrigation against the naturalized streamflow ..." AC: Thank you very much for the suggestion. We did consider this suggestion carefully. However, we found that the naturalized streamflow contained a lot of uncertainties, which may be not suitable for model calibration in our case. Firstly, the naturalized streamflow is not equivalent to the real streamflow without human perturbations (e.g., simulated streamflow without anthropogenic factors), if interactions between irrigation and local climate is considered. The naturalized streamflow overlooked the impact of irrigation on evapotranspiration via decreasing surface temperature (Ts), therefore the potential evapotranspiration (i.e., the atmospheric demand). The consequence is that the reconstructed streamflow may be lower than the real natural streamflow (see Sect. 2). Therefore we are worried that a model calibrated against naturalized streamflow may bring unexpected uncertainties to the land surface processes, because our model captured significant irrigation-induced cooling, which has been verified by numerous studies at global scale (Bonfils and Lobell, 2007; Luyssaert et al., 2014; Sacks et al., 2009; Thiery et al., 2017) and over China (Yang et al., 2020). Secondly, an indirect evidence shows that the effective irrigated area may be underestimated in several provinces (see Sect. 3). The statistical irrigation water consumption is based on monitoring of large irrigation districts, which can be regarded as the lower limit of real irrigation consumption. Therefore, we infer that bias might exist in the water consumption for irrigation in census data which further affects the accuracy of naturalized streamflow.


Perspective map not drawn to scale.
Bird's-eye-view.
LC Panoramic maps (2nd ed.), 849
Available also through the Library of Congress Web site as a raster image.
Includes col. illus. and index to points of interest.
AACR2


The Raman spectra of MBE-grown GaAs_(1-x)Sb_x in a relatively wide range of composition are reported for the first time. It is observed that the frequency shift of phonons strongly depends on the composition x of Sb. The two-mode behavior of optical phonons is observed only when the composition x of Sb is larger than 0.15. This result is confirmed by the reflectance spectra measured by using a Fourier transform spectrometer. The analysis of GaAs-like LO lineshape shows that the MBE-grown GaAs_(1-x)Sb_x material used in this work has good quality. The experimen tal results are discussed by using the mass defect model and percolation theory.


Vienna Transport Policy Simulation The city of Vienna, as well as Austria and the European Union, aims to dramatically decrease their transport-related emissions to fight the climate crisis. There are different visions of how to achieve this ambitious goal: wide introduction of electric vehicles in private transportation, a radical increase of the role of public transport, putting emphasis on shared mobility, or promoting active mobility and making the city more friendly to bicycle and pedestrian traffic. The question of the future of city transportation is also closely connected with ongoing discussion about the role of public space in the city, and how it should be managed. Altogether, these issues create a complex landscape that involves multiple decision-makers, organizations, and concerned citizens.


Polygraph is an equipment that can sense,measure and record physiological signals in human body.However,researched by psychophysiology experts have shown that polygraph can be used as a professional lie detector if the sensed and recorded signals show certain variations.This project is trying to develop a polygraph system which can sense,measure and record physiological signals and plotted a graph that is proportional to the sensed signals for the lie detecting analysis.This prototype consists of three different sensors and a micro controller that is used for data control before the digitized data is send to the computer display.The changes of the plotted signals can be analyse to indicate a lying and can digitally be stored for future references.This project is involving a knowledge and an application in various fields including electronic, programming and data communication.


Historical perspectives needle selection the pathologist's perspective nursing considerations the technologist's role principles of stereotactic mammography and quality assurance stereotactic large-core breast biopsy stereotactic biopsy with "add-on" units stereotactic fine-needle aspiration biopsy introduction to breast ultrasound ultrasound of breast pathology interventional breast ultrasound ultrasound-guided large-core breast biopsy recent and future developments.


Abstract Background An AP knee radiograph is considered adequate if the patella is centred between the femoral condyles. Our previous studies demonstrated a tendency for lateral patellar deviation on an AP view orthogonal to the posterior femoral condyles. However, findings were based on cadaveric samples limited by the lack of soft tissue effects on patellar positioning. Materials and methods After excluding those with deformity or damage to osseous or ligamentous structures, 106 knee MRI scans were randomly selected. Patellar centring was calculated as a percentage of total distal femoral intercondylar width and represented how lateral the centre of the patella is located with respect to the midpoint of the femoral condyles. Multiple regression analysis was performed to determine the relationship between patellar centring and age, gender, anatomic lateral distal femoral angle (aLDFA), medial proximal tibial angle (MPTA) and tibial tuberosity to trochlear groove (TT-TG) distance. Results There were 35 males and 71 females included in the study with a mean age of 29 ± 14 years. Mean patellar centring was 8 ± 4%. There was a statistically significant correlation between TT-TG distance and positive (lateral) patellar centring (standardised β = 0.36, p <0.01). There were no associations between aLDFA and MPTA with patellar centring. Conclusion This study demonstrates that the patella is rarely perfectly centred and is usually positioned slightly laterally within the femoral condyles in an AP view orthogonal to the posterior aspect of the femoral condyles. The use of supine MRI scans makes this data relevant to a patient on the operating room table. How to cite this article Shah NS, Kyriakedes JC, Liu RW. An MRI-based Study to Investigate If the Patella is Truly Centred between the Femoral Condyles in the Coronal Plane. Strategies Trauma Limb Reconstr 2022;17(2):63–67.


Mechanical circulatory assist devices (MCADs) are used in patients with decompensated heart failure refractory to medical therapy. The devices are used as a bridge to transplant, as a bridge to recovery for reversible conditions, as a bridge to decision while a patient's eligibility for transplant is determined, and as destination therapy to support left-sided heart function when a patient is not eligible for transplant. MCADs restore tissue circulation by increasing blood flow and, thereby, improving organ function.


This paper formulates a proposal for standardising spoken language transcription, as practised in conversation analysis, sociolinguistics, dialectology and related fields, with the help of the TEI guidelines. Two areas relevant to standardisation are identified and discussed: first, the macro structure of transcriptions, as embodied in the data models and file formats of transcription tools such as ELAN, Praat or EXMARaLDA; second, the micro structure of transcriptions as embodied in transcription conventions such as CA, HIAT or GAT. A two-step process is described in which first the macro structure is represented in a generic TEI format based on elements defined in the P5 version of the Guidelines. In the second step, character data in this representation is parsed according to the regularities of a transcription convention resulting in a more fine-grained TEI markup which is also based on P5. It is argued that this two step process can, on the one hand, map idiosyncratic differences in tool formats and transcription conventions onto a unified representation. On the other hand, differences motivated by different theoretical decisions can be retained in a manner which still allows a common processing of data from different sources. In order to make the standard usable in practice, a conversion tool—TEI Drop—is presented which uses XSL transformations to carry out the conversion between different tool formats (CHAT, ELAN, EXMARaLDA, FOLKER and Transcriber) and the TEI representation of transcription macro structure (and vice versa) and which also provides methods for parsing the micro structure of transcriptions according to two different transcription conventions (HIAT and cGAT). Using this tool, transcribers can continue to work with software they are familiar with while still producing TEI-conformant transcription files. The paper concludes with a discussion of the work needed in order to establish the proposed standard. It is argued that both tool formats and the TEI guidelines are in a sufficiently mature state to serve as a basis for standardisation. Most work consequently remains in analysing and standardising differences between different transcription conventions.


Modern medicine encounters two insuperable difficulties in the long journey of fighting against chronic diseases.One is the unsatisfying effect and high medical cost,and the other is the hindering of the realization of medical fairness.To promote medical integration,especially the integration between clinical medicine,preventive medicine,and public health,is the best way to surmount the current difficulties in health care service.


mortality took place in the 1920's. But the Kaibab is a country of considerable altitude and is characterized, like the northern states, by long cold winters. On the Kaibab not only did the deer "under protection" increase beyond the carrying capacity of the immediately available forage, but the hungry horde progressively destroyed one favored foodplant after the other. Die-offs in warm environments at relatively low altitudes in the Southwest are less well known. Seemingly it is unexpected that under the apparently favorable climatic, soil, and food conditions of the southern country there should be anything but abounding vitality, maximum numbers, and invariable success in the deer herds. But such, unfortunately, is far from the case, and in parts of central Texas, at least, experience suggests that rather high mortality may be expected at all too short intervals.


WHAT IS IT THAT NURSES do for emotionally disturbed chlidren? We know nursing is vital in their treatment. Yet we must determine what our role is and why. Also, our concepts must be acceptable to members of other disciplines-psychiatrists, psychologists, social workersif we are to be truly effective. Psychiatric nursing is concerned with the emotional, as well as the physical, needs of patients. Of course, concepts important in psychiatric nursing are part of all nursing. The pediatric nurse, for example, helps a child to accept an intravenous infusion which she knows is threaten.ing to him. She recognizes that children need love and attention and she knows how extremely dependent ill children are. She is aware of the psychological trauma associated with tube feedings and physical examinations and the worries that accompany a fractured arm or leg. Most of all, realizing the desolation a child feels when he is separated from his parents, she helps the child accept the temporary separation and reassures the parents. In psychiatric nursing per se, the nurse may have little contact with physically ill patients, but her role is just as vital in the patients' recovery of sound mental health. However, if she is to live up to her potential it is essential that she receive supervision and emotional support from other members of the professional staff, especially from the psychiatrist. At the University of Iowa's Psychopathic Hospital, this support is achieved on both a formal and informal level. The formal structure is such that each nurse is assigned an adviser, who is either a senior social worker, psychologist, or a psychiatrist. She meets with her adviser once a week for an hour to discuss problems she is encountering in her work with the children. The formal structure also calls for a weekly nursing conference under the direction of the psychiatrist. This, too, is a problem-centered discussion about the children. On the informal level, the nurses confer almost daily with individual therapists to report a child's progress, discuss his daily difficulties, and plan experiences for him.


Maintenance program for improvement in environmental and safety performance. Identification of the environmental and safety issues affecting the operations, evaluation of their impact and definition of an agenda for the 1990s: Increase the use of computer maintenance management systems, strengthen the role of maintenance planning and of technical maintenance support, redefine relations between operation and maintenance, increase training, standardize materials and spare parts, harness operations and maintenance experience


Motivated by the compressed sensing sparse channel estimation problem, the complete channel state is sparse under the conditions of low spectral efficiency. Other than traditional method of looking for the perception of spectrum holes, this paper focus on the sparse of occupied sub-channels. Based on compressed sensing technology, a novel cooperative wideband spectrum sensing method is proposed in the cognitive radio networks. The speed and the efficiency of the single CR node sensing process are improved through the sparse measurement matrix. The fusion center reconstructs the observed data by the turbo-decoding message-passing (TDMP) algorithm, dramatically reducing the computation complexity.


An increasingly popular view holds that scientific modeling involves something akin to the imaginative construction of a fictional story along with its cast of fictional characters, not just the positing of entities (models) that yield a false but useful representation of their targets. The present paper focuses on the following problem for this view of models. If a model is a fiction how can it possibly be said to represent some aspect of the real world? How can the unreal represent the real, and in a way that allows modelers to make predictions about the real, and even explain some of its features? Call this the problem of the gap. The paper begins by motivating the fiction view of models, describing and contrasting the two most popular types of view (both based on Walton's pretense theory of fiction), together with the way they deal with the problem of the gap and some other, related problems. I then sketch a modified version of the fiction view, one that takes on board aspects of both of these approaches by utilizing an important but under-appreciated feature of fiction, and I argue that the view provides natural solutions to this suite of problems.


In view of the problems in the traditional multivariate statistics course teaching,which contain it is difficult to demonstrate in class about principle of key teaching content and statistic treatment of large quantities of data,students feel difficult to receive multiple statistical knowledge,a multivariate statistics course teaching auxiliary system is designed by using MATLAB GUI(Graphical User Interfaces,GUI).The system is used for multivariate statistical methods course teaching and students' experiment.Auxiliary teaching system was discussed from two aspects about teaching and technology and has advantages of convenient use,good interactivity and expansibility.At the same time,this system also facilitate students to do the secondary development,can improve students' practical ability and multivariate statistical methods course teaching quality.


The invention, to a substrate having a trench is represented by the formula (1), and a silicone resin composition containing a solid phase of a silicone resin and an organic solvent at 120 ℃ form a film by coating such that the trench I charge of the substrate, then the It is with respect to the coating film of the process, and the heat treatment and the method of forming the trench isolation, characterized in that performing at least one step selected from the group consisting of light treatment of contacting at least one member selected from the group consisting of water, alcohol and hydrogen peroxide . (N is from 0 to 0.8, m is from 0 to 1.0, k is 0 to 0.2 when in the formula 1, n, m and k is each, n + m + k = 1)


Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to posit and empirically demonstrate that positive and negative leader behaviors have a linear relationship with subordinate outcomes. The authors challenge this notion, and test a model where leader positive and negative behaviors have a curvilinear relationship (inverse-U shaped) with subordinate job satisfaction.

Design/methodology/approach

Cross-sectional design, based on a sample of 131 employees working across organizations and industries in the USA. Subordinates provided information on all study measures.

Findings

The authors show that higher levels of positive and negative behaviors from the leader will not generate a corresponding linear increase in employees' satisfaction. Instead, the relationship is non-linear, with diminishing returns in subordinate job satisfaction for positive leader behaviors and higher ones for negative leader behaviors. In addition, subordinates with high levels of hardiness are more satisfied with positive leader behaviors, and report less dissatisfaction with negative leader behaviors.

Research limitations/implications

Limitations are cross-sectional design, self-reported data, measurement of a limited number of leader behaviors as representative of leader positive and negative behaviors, and focus on only one dependent construct (subordinate job satisfaction).

Practical implications

Above a certain point, leaders' positive behaviors have limited effect on increasing subordinates' job satisfaction. Likewise, leaders' negative behaviors decrease subordinates' job satisfaction only above specific levels of leader behaviors.

Originality/value

The authors challenge this notion of linearity by theorizing and demonstrating that subordinates' job satisfaction is influenced by leader positive and negative behaviors in non-linear relationship characterized by an inverse-U-shaped and a specific increase and decrease pattern.


The aim of this paper is to present and validate rain attenuation time series synthesizers relying on the Maseng-Bakken principle for terrestrial links in tropical areas. Data obtained in experimental measurements at four links operating at 15 GHz in Sao Paulo, Brazil, are used to parameterize the synthesizers. Two models are tested with respect to long-term statistics including cumulative distributions of rain attenuation, fade durations and fade slope.


Achieving a sustainable dense plasma source has always been of broad interest. Notably, in microwave discharges, gaining dense uniform plasma has held numerous efforts. In this article, a high-efficiency dual-helical antenna for microwave plasma source to improve the performance of the Alborz Tokamak neutral beam injection (NBI) system is presented. For evaluation and analysis of the designed antenna and a conventional rod antenna, COMSOL Multiphysics software is used. Besides, by feeding the antenna using a 2.45-GHz magnetron in the 20-Pa vacuum steel enclosure and the Argon gas injection, a practical experiment has been conducted. Finally, the plasma with a density of $5.5\times 10^{17}\,\,1/\text{m}^{3}$ and the electric field intensity results show that the designed antenna is an optimal alternative in microwave plasma sources.


The article addresses the significant impact on the reduction of criminal activities such as robbery, murder, rape, molestation, kidnapping, thefts, thefts of motor vehicles, burglaries, snatching phones and jewelry, and so on, as opposed to an increase in cybercrime, domestic violence, fraud and racketeers, hoarders, hate crimes, and so on. Unemployment and, as a result, poverty were the driving forces behind criminal activity. The article also reveals how few religious congregations have led to the spread of covid-19 virus. It also discusses various measures implemented to efficiently regulate the prison system. New police force guidelines were issued, including instructions on social distancing, sanitizing, micro-grouping; beat patrolling, crowd control, crime hospital spot visits, and arresting protocol. CONCLUSION: Coronavirus has called for a mixed response in India. The answer includes a host of regulations, guidelines, services, and administrative structures, as well as public and government warnings. As the demands of government action grow, the Passivence Sicknesses Act has become a topic of discussion. Instead of establishing a comprehensive health care system, the Pestilence Infections Act allows states to take special measures in response to serious infectious diseases.


The widely use of the heating system results in the sharp increase of the heating energy consumption. The optimization of the regulation methods for the heating system can efficiently save energy and improve the indoor temperature of the heat users. The traditional regulation methods include quality regulation, quantity regulation, intermittent regulation etc. The actual operation mode was compared with the actual operation mode, which proved that the traditional regulation methods were all static theoretical regulation methods. The regenerative property of the buildings was simulated using the fluent software. A new regulation method which is called quantitative regulation method is proposed in this paper.


Acetic acid was chosen for the best extraction solution by the choice experiment in this paper,then orthogonal comparison of four factors and three levels,L9(34) was designed to study the impact of various factors on the process,i.e.the impact of extraction concentration,extraction temperature,extraction time and the ratio of different materials on the rate of extraction of anthocyanins from purple corn.According to the results the optimum extraction conditions were determined as follows:pH 2.5 acetic acid solution for extraction solvent,the temperature heating at 60℃ for 60 minutes,the ratio of materials for 1∶10.The ratio of extraction for twice reached 80.1%.


Interacting electrons in a semiconductor quantum dot at strong magnetic fields exhibit a rich set of states, including correlated quantum fluids and crystallites of various symmetries. We develop in this paper a perturbative scheme based on the correlated basis functions of the composite-fermion theory, that allows a systematic improvement of the wave functions and the energies for low-lying eigenstates. For a test of the method, we study systems for which exact results are known, and find that practically exact answers are obtained for the ground state wave function, ground state energy, excitation gap, and the pair correlation function. We show how the perturbative scheme helps resolve the subtle physics of competing orders in certain anomalous cases.


e advent of Web 2.0 has brought about a paradigm shi" in communication: from an informational Web to an editable one. Consequently, the "one-to-many" communication model of the mass media industry has been replaced by one that involves "many-to-many". Web 2.0 enables those who were formerly conceptualized as audiences/consumers to be part of an open-source movement that means participating into the production of brands and their meanings. It is an era of convergence, of overlapping roles between producers and users/ consumers - in short, of "produsage", "prosumption" and "user-generated content" (UGC). ! is article investigates how this new paradigm in# uences marketing communication by ad- dressing the speci$ c case of the Romanian advertising industry. By using in depth-interviews with 20 advertising professionals, it points out to the fact that in communication campaigns with user-generated content there is still a high degree of control from the brand management and agency teams that cannot quite grasp the concept of brand communication democratiza- tion.


Under the leading thinking of scientific development,Shenzhen is challenged to build advanced international city and to update its capability in comprehension competition.The paper focuses on how to improve city of Shenzhen in good cooperation with city of Hong Kong.Shenzhen should present its positive and active aspects in all kinds of fields and positions,and set up an innovation circle and Shenzhen-Hong Kong international metropolis as well.


Algérie ; chute d'Alger (1830) ; droit et narration historique ; émigration ; guerre du Rif ; Maroc ; nationalité française ; protection diplomatique ; supplique. This paper analyzes the claims to French nationality that were made to French consuls by Algerians living in the Spanish protectorate during the Rif war. The author seeks to emphasize how examining these requests for legal identity (through French nationality) can help reconsider the significance of the fall of Algiers (1830). The originality of this approach lies in the study of Algerians' citizenship within a transimperial rather than only colonial framework. Noureddine Amara questions the historical narrative of French Algeria through the petitioning of the state. Algeria; diplomatic protection; fall of Algiers (1830); emigration; French nationality; law and historical recounts; Morocco; petition; Rif war.


In this paper, response surface method is used to find out the fatigue life equation by taking load and dimensions of the wheel as variables. The natural frequency is taken as a factor for fatigue life. An ANOVA analysis is carried out to formulate the natural frequency function. An objective function has been formulated to minimise the mass of railway wheel considering the strength and geometrical constraints of inner hub-hole, hub-web interface and hub-rim interface.


Monte Carlo simulation is becoming an attractive alternative to analytical approaches for reliability evaluation in large electric power systems. Monte Carlo simulation is generally more flexible than an analytical technique when complex operating conditions and system considerations such as multi-derated states, chronology, reservoir operating rules, bus load uncertainty and weather effects need to be incorporated. Monte Carlo techniques are usually classified as being either a sequential or non-sequential method. The basic non-sequential Monte Carlo approach is known as the state sampling method in which the actual frequency of failure is estimated from the number of failures encountered during the simulation process. The actual frequency of failure can be more accurately obtained by using a sequential approach which models the component up and down cycles together with the system load. This paper presents and illustrates the application of the state transition sampling technique. This method can be used to estimate the actual frequency index without requiring an additional enumeration procedure or sampling the component up and down cycles and storing chronological information on the overall state of the system. In this approach the next system state is obtained by allowing a component to undergo transitions from its present state. The procedure focuses on transitions of the whole system rather than on component states or state durations. This technique is usually much faster than the traditional sequential simulation approach. The state transition sampling technique will be illustrated by application to generating capacity and composite generation and transmission system reliability assessment in a representative electric power system.


Relativistic electron-positron winds with strong magnetic fields are considered as a source of radiation for cosmological $\gamma$-ray bursters. Such a wind is generated by a millisecond pulsar with a very strong magnetic field. An electron-positron plasma near the pulsar is optically thick and in quasi-thermodynamic equilibrium. It is shown that the main part of radiation from the pulsar wind is nonthermal and generates in the following way. Kinetic energy which is released in the process of deceleration of the neutron star rotation transforms mainly to the magnetic field energy. The magnetic field is frozen in the outflowing plasma if the distance to the pulsar is smaller than $\sim 10^{13}$ cm. This field transfers the energy from the pulsar environment to the region outside the $\gamma$-ray photosphere of the electron-positron wind. At a distance of more than $\sim 10^{13}$ cm the magnetohydrodynamic approximation for the pulsar wind is broken, and intense electromagnetic waves are generated. The frequency of these waves is equal to the frequency of the pulsar rotation. Outflowing particles are accelerated in the field of intense electromagnetic waves to Lorentz factors of the order of $10^6$ and generate nonthermal synchro-Compton radiation. The typical energy of nonthermal photons is $\sim 1$ MeV. A high-energy tail of the $\gamma$-ray spectrum may be up to $\sim 10^4$ MeV. Baryonic matter is ejected occasionally from the pulsar magnetosphere. The baryonic matter ejection and subsequent suppression of the $\gamma$-ray emission may be responsible for the time structure of $\gamma$-ray bursts.


This article presents a theoretical framework for understanding the psychological determinants of sexual and reproductive health behaviors and a methodology for creating theoretically based and empirically targeted interventions to promote such behaviors across health behaviors and populations of interest. Based on the fact that sexual and reproductive health promotion acts represent sexualized behaviors with common determinants reciprocal effects and common pathways for intervention it is noted that such acts are conceptualized as a unified behavioral category. A theoretical model for understanding psychological factors governing sexual and reproductive health behavior is advanced. In addition an associated methodology for translating such conceptualization into theoretically based empirically targeted interventions for the promotion of sexual and reproductive health behaviors is provided. Direct evidence supporting the Information-Motivation-Behavioral approach to understanding and promoting sexual and reproductive health has been put forward as well as supportive evidence from related research areas. Specific recommendations for future research are cited in this article.


Speech separation research has significantly progressed in recent years thanks to the rapid advances in deep learning technology. However the performance of recently proposed single-channel neural network-based speech separation methods is still limited especially in reverberant environments. To push the performance limit, we recently developed a method of integrating beamforming and single-channel speech separation approaches. This paper proposes a novel architecture that integrates multi -channel beamforming and speech separation in a much more efficient way than our previous method. The proposed architecture comprises a set of fixed beamformers, a beam prediction network, and a speech separation network based on permutation invariant training (PIT). The beam prediction network takes in the beamformed audio signals and estimates the best beam for each speaker constituting the input mixture. Two variants of PIT-based speech separation networks are proposed. Our approach is evaluated on reverberant speech mixtures under three different mixing conditions, covering cases where speakers partially overlap or one speaker's utterance is very short. The experimental results show that the proposed system significantly outperforms the conventional single-channel PIT system, producing the same performance as a single-channel system using oracle masks.


In the spirit of modern continuum mechanics, global balance laws for momentum, angular momentum, energy and pseudomomentum are formulated for an elastic body in the presence of a moving crack. Upon localization, the corresponding balance equations in the bulk and at the crack tip are simultaneously obtained. The proposed framework is convenient for the derivation of the well-known formula, which relates the crack propagation velocity, the global material force and the energy release rate. .


Biochemical changes in banded leaf and sheath blight affected maize plants caused by Rhizoctonia solani f.sp. sasakii grown out of seeds treated with Pseudomonas fluorescens were studied. There was an increase in phenolic content in maize leaf sheaths inoculated with R.solani or in those of maize plants raised from P. fluorescens- treated seeds. Increase in phenolic content was also observed, in leaf sheaths of plants raised from P. fluorescens treated seeds when inoculated with R.solani. Peroxidase (PO), polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) activities increased when leaf sheaths were inoculated with the pathogen and plants raised from P.fluorescens- treated seeds showed higher activity. However leaves from P. fluorescens treated seeds did not show any further increase in the PO and PPO activities after inoculation with R.solani. The bacterized seed with P.fluorescens lead to accumulation of higher phenolic compounds and higher activity of PO, PPO and PAL, that may playa role in defense mechanism in plants against pathogen.


Over the past 10 years, there have been numerous meta-studies and syntheses of the impact and effectiveness of transparency and accountability initiatives (TAIs), many of which attempt to incrementally add value to the existing evidence base or offer new perspectives on existing conclusions. These studies are almost unanimous in their conclusion that little of practical or replicable value is known, much less in fragile and conflict-affected situations.


The study aims to assess the impact of the video-case as an additional support tool in Social Work learning practice. The practical character of the discipline requires assessing the practical knowledge acquisition through different teaching and learning methodologies. The research was conducted with 118 Social Work Degree Students at the University of Jaen (Spain). Participants were randomly assigned to two conditions: face-to-face class (control group) vs. audiovisual class (experimental group). Both video-cases and learning were focused on Family Treatment Teams functioning in Spain. After watching the video or attending the class, participants filled in two questionnaires: The General Satisfaction Scale and the Performance Test. Among other results, ANOVA showed that participants in the audiovisual condition assessed the acquisition of skills and cognitive processes (memory and attention) better than those in the face-to-face condition. Meanwhile, the performance was not affected by the condition assigned. In conclusion, this research proves the positive effect of video-cases in Social Work practical learning processes as an extra tool.


In this paper a brief review is given of master and doctoral thesis as well of articles published duringthe last 16 years, concerning the geology of the Serra do Espinhaco in Minas Gerais, Brazil. The differentproposals of a subdivision of the Archean basement and sedimentary sequences of Pre-Espinhaco age arereviewed. The existing geochronological data are insufficient for a complete understanding of these units.The Espinhaco rift started its evolution about 1800 Ma ago with continental sediments with intercalationof acidic and basic volcanics evolving in the upper part of the sequence to shallow marine sedimentation.Aspects of stratigraphy and sedimentology of the Espinhaco Supergroup as well as those of structuraland economic geology are briefly discussed. Diamonds washed in the Sopa-Brumadinho conglomeratesand in alluvials remains the principal mineral resource as about 160 years ago predicted by L.W. vonEschwege. In recent years exploration work was successful to identify the gold deposit at Riacho dosMachados in the northern extension of the Serra do Espinhaco.A chapter resumes the geodymamic models presented during the considered period. Finally, suggestionsfor future investigations are listed.


Far from being attained to the indescribable, the phychoanalysis, after and thanks to Lacan, do not hesitate in explaining itself based upon the logic of its discourse: it demonstrates that even being so distinctive from science, it makes an effort to be as rigorous as this one. This derives from the fact that it brings upon itself the trace of its subject. Irony is one of the indicators of the subject's meeting with knowing that there isn't knowledge that reduces the subject to one of its statements.


Cairo, 1952, 6 et passim); ashdb al-asma are of course agents (p. 41); there is nothing unusual about laysa bi-ism wa-la fi'l modifying harf (p. 44), as indeed, the author appears later (p. 48) to recognize; ma'nd (p. 57) would be better rendered concept than meaning ; I cannot understand the author's puzzle over hellenismos and i'rab (pp. 61-3), where incidentally, the latter would be better rendered ' clarification ' (ibid.); i'rab, particularly with reference to scripture, was not merely (p. 6, n. 29) ' correct declensional endings ' (cf. my Quranic studies, 109-11), possibly (?) acknowledged by the author, p. 173, n. 56. Rehabilitation of the traditional Kufa-Basra antithesis, at least in so far as it was a matter of grammatical terminology, is useful (pp. 107-12), though I am less persuaded by Versteegh's stress upon the role of ' empiricist medicine ' in the development of analogical method (pp. 90-106): he has certainly not proved (pace assertion p. 102) that either juridical or rhetorical method require a medicoempirical Vorlage. Of the problems treated here, the most interesting in my opinion is the legacy of Cratylus (pp. 162-77, and p. 27), of which the brief exposition could be profitably supplemented by Genette's Mimologiques (Paris, 1975). In Islam the matter belonged to sacra philologia, and its elaboration was characteristic of the manner in which theology impinged upon the formulation of grammar, invariably prescriptive and thus of little value for documenting the usus loquendi.


Due to many favorable properties it is very attractive to use Micro Pattern Gas Detectors (MPGDs) as gas amplification stages in Time Projection Chambers (TPCs). Especially the high granularity, intrinsic suppression of ion backflow, high rate capability and almost no distortions due to E × B effects are desirable in future particle physics detectors. To fully exploit the potential of combining MPGDs and TPCs the pad size in the readout plane should be adapted to the structure size of the gas amplification stage. The Timepix chip is well suited for the use as readout chip in gaseous detector by providing metalized pads to pick up the charge. We have constructed a test chamber with a triple GEM and Timepix readout and a maximum drift distance of 26 cm. With this setup we have studied the performance of the detector in various operation environments. Different setups for tests with cosmic rays and for tests in high magnetic fields have been realized. In these environments key detector parameters such as spatial resolution have been studied in dependence on different gas mixtures. We have seen strong evidence for observation of individual electrons and a spatial resolution of down to 80 μm has been measured.


Orbital debris objects with sizes of 6 mm and larger were detected when they passed through the main beam of the high-power, 12.6-cm wavelength radar at the Arecibo Observatory. The number of objects detected at altitudes below 1000 km in the size range of 6 mm to 2 cm agreed with orbital debris model predictions to better than a factor of two. Radar detections of larger orbital debris (10-cm diameter and above) were also compared with the objects in the U.S. Space Command catalog (the cataloged objects have UHF radar cross-sections larger than 0.01 m2). This experiment demonstrated that the large, Earth-based radar telescopes normally used for planetary studies can provide useful data about the near-Earth orbital debris populations.


In order to study the cutting force of castor cutter, the cutting performance of castor stalk was improved. The influence factors of cutting mechanical properties were studied by microcomputer controlled electronic universal testing machine. In this paper, the position of castor stalk, moisture content, loading speed as the experimental factors, to study the extent of their impact on the elastic modulus, the result showed that the stalk position of the most significant impact on the elastic modulus, followed by the loading speed. Then, the growth trend of the outer diameter and wall thickness of the castor stalk at different heights from the ground and their effects on the elastic modulus were studied by multivariate design. Experiments showed that the outer diameter and cross-sectional area had great influence on the flexural modulus of stem, and the ratio of wall thickness and wall thickness to outer diameter had little effect on the flexural modulus of stem. This study provides a theoretical basis for later development of castor harvester. Keywords—Caster, Mechanical properties, Orthogonal test, Multivariate test


The two versions of the Born distorted wave (BDW) models are formulated within the framework of the four-body scattering theory. As an illustration the BDW approximation is applied to compute the differential cross sections for a single charge exchange in p + H e collision at 500 keV. The present calculated results are found to be in good agreement with experimental data.