The plant Cannabis sativa (Bhang) was cultivated in India since ancient times. Atherveda and Ayurveda hail the plant as sacred and medicinal. It was used as a source of fiber, food, oil and medicine and for recreation & spiritual purposes. Its cultivation and use dwindled since the British Government prohibited its use in 1930s. Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is the most important component of its psychoactive substance. Natural receptors for THC are found throughout the human body called the 'endocannabinoid system'. There is a lot of excitement the world over since about its potential as a therapeutic agent. The low THC industrial variety is also being cultivated for seed, oil and fiber in many countries. India should also explore the potential of this versatile native plant while the world benefits from it.


the number of Accident and Emergency (A&E) injury treatments at hospitals using the Dutch Injury Surveillance System (LIS). We use this to record all A&E treatments carried out at a sample of 16 hospitals out of a national total of 120. LIS makes it possible to calculate national estimates of the total number of A&E treatments in The Netherlands. The present article makes clear how great the variance is in these national estimates, and how we can best calculate this. It argues that national estimates should be considered as based on a sample of hospitals rather than a sample of patients. I shall show that this has the disruptive effect that the estimates contain large confidence intervals. Fortunately, however, there are ways of reducing these.


Leibniz was operating within a very different conceptual framework from that of a modern analytic philosopher. To give a couple of examples: Mates himself was the first to suggest, in a 1968 article, that Leibniz's logic hinges on the concept of a possible world. Although he has now dropped the untenable claim that Leibniz actually defined 'necessary' as 'true in all possible worlds' (p. 73), he still regards this definition as a 'presumption, almost never stated explicitly but always visible in the background' (p. 107). He then finds it odd that this reconstructed Leibniz failed to use the notion of a possible world to distinguish contingency from necessity (p. 113). But the truth of the matter is that Leibniz's concept of alternative possible worlds was cosmological rather than logical, in that its function was to preserve the freedom of God and of his creatures against the necessity that he should create just this world. Secondly, Mates finds himself in difficulties over what Leibniz meant by a concept, given that he was always a nominalist, and that 'the sense of "nominalist" I have in mind here is the sense it bears in current Anglo-American philosophical discussion' (p. 170). He is puzzled how concepts can 'strive for existence' (p. 73, n.); he thinks that ideas in God's mind must be dispositions to think in a certain way (p. 246); and he regards Leibniz's notion of a complete concept, and especially his use of it in the definition of truth, as implausible (p. 120). One might also add (though Mates does not mention this) that Leibniz accepted a version of the ontological argument according to which God's existence was conditional only upon the reality of his concept. The fact is that, although Leibniz was indeed a nominalist in denying real specific essences, he was Platonist enough to hold that essence and existence coincide in God, and that individual created beings are realizations of divine ideas. As a self-confessed positivist, Mates thinks 'it is doubtful that Leibniz's metaphysics will qualify as meaningful', though he admits that 'he did find correspondents with whom he shared enough theological assumptions to permit rational argumentation' (p. 243). It is the main task of the commentator to recapture such meanings, and to communicate them to his readers; but this requires a certain amount of sympathy. Mates has said many things that are useful and interesting about Leibniz's philosophy of logic—so much so that no one will be able to write about it without taking his thorough and penetrating analysis fully into account. It is a pity that he did not confine himself to this one aspect of Leibniz's work with which he is broadly sympathetic. G. MacDonald Ross


sustained attempt to cast Henri Gaudier-Brzeska (1891–1915) as a prodigy of modernist sculpture.1 Ezra Pound's mythologizing memoir of him took the lead and characterized Gaudier as the prototypical bohemian artist whose defining trait was a fierce and uncompromising individuality.2 Because Gaudier's death in the trenches ended his short career, the fascination with his maverick reputation has been based primarily on the accounts of his life and on a select group of works within his oeuvre. Gaudier also created a number of awkward decorative and functional objects that have proved more difficult to bring into accord with the artist's reputation.3 The Coffer for Wilfrid Scawen Blunt (figs. 1–3) is a prime example of such an overlooked work and has rarely been considered worthy of sustained attention. This small marble casket – along with many of Gaudier's other 'decorative' works – is frequently passed over in preference for his statuary, despite its importance as a commission from Ezra Pound. For instance, Roger Cole dismissed the Blunt Coffer 'as a commercial piece of work which adds little to our understanding of the artist'.4 It is, I will argue, precisely its vexed status as a 'commercial piece' that makes it significant. An examination of this object and its place in the formulation of a modernist subculture in Britain sheds light on those traits of Gaudier's artistic persona that, like this object, do not easily fit – namely, his irreverent and sexualized mockery of his own status as a producer of objects for others. Central to this question will be Pound, who was both patron and friend to Gaudier. In the commercial exchange of the artistic commission, Gaudier introduced in-jokes that both bound together and made fun of the players in that transaction. The Blunt Coffer resulted from a hurried commission given to Gaudier by Pound in 1914. The box was presented as a gift to the poet Wilfrid Scawen Blunt (1840–1922) on the occasion of what became known as the 'Peacock Dinner' on 18 January 1914. In the years before World War I, Pound worked energetically to establish modernism in Britain and encouraged the development of an avantgarde subculture in London. Though still in the early stages of his own career, he acted as impresario for the new movement and sought ways to increase its momentum on multiple fronts. The 'Peacock Dinner' was one attempt to solidify the notion of the new generation.5 Gathering together a group of eight poets, including W. B. Yeats, F. S. Flint and Richard Aldington, Pound, with the encouragement of Blunt's former lover Lady Gregory, organized a lavish luncheon Give and take: Henri GaudierBrzeska's Coffer for Wilfrid Scawen Blunt and Ezra Pound's homosocial modernism in 1914 David J. Getsy


The optical amplifier is substantially have a single spectral gain. In this embodiment, the optical amplifier comprises a planar waveguide comprising a substrate doped with a rare earth element. Furthermore, the optical amplifier is constituted by an optical fiber including a core doped with a rare earth element. The optical fiber is optically coupled to the planar waveguide. An optical amplifier, a waveguide, two, gain, noise


A consultant system's main task is to provided helpful advice to the user. Consultant systems should not only find solutions to user problems, but should also inform the user of potential problems with these solutions. Expressing such potential caveats is a difficult process due to the many potential plan failures for each particular plan in a particular planning situation. A commonsense planner, called KIP, Knowledge Intensive Planner, is described. KIP is the planner for the UNIX Consultant system. KIP detect potential plan failures using a new knowledge structure termed a concern. Concerns allow KIP to detects plan failures due to unsatisfied conditions or goal conflict. KIP's concern algorithm also is able to provide information to the expression mechanism regarding potential plan failures. Concern information is passed to the expression mechanism when KIP's selected plan might not work. In this case, KIP passes information regarding both the suggested plan and the potential caveats in that plan to the expression mechanism. This is an efficient approach since KIP must make such decisions in the context of its planning process. A concern's declarative structure makes it easier to express than procedural descriptions of plan failures used by earlier systems.


The densities and viscosities of binary mixtures of isobutanol + cyclohexylamine have been measured over the entire range of composition at the various temperatures (293.15–313.15 K) and at atmospheric pressure. From these measurements, the thermal expansion coefficients, isothermal coefficient of pressure excess molar enthalpy, excess molar volumes, and deviations in viscosities have been calculated too. The nonideality behavior of the mixture was evidenced in the excess molar volumes and deviations in viscosities. The results have been fitted to the Redlich–Kister polynomial equation. The Grunberg–Nissan equation was used to correlate the viscosity data. The most stable geometry of isobutanol–isobutanol, cyclohexylamine–isobutanol, and cyclohexylamine–cyclohexylamine were studied using the density functional theory (DFT) in gases phase. In liquid phase, the molecular dynamics simulations have been performed and used to calculate the densities, mean square displacement (MSD), self-diffusion coefficients,...


The utility model discloses a plastic inspection well, and belongs to the field of inspection wells. The plastic inspection well can be suitable for various branch pipe diameters, and meanwhile a branch pipe joint can be conveniently replaced. The plastic inspection well comprises a main part, the branch pipe joint and a sealing gasket arranged between the main part and the branch pipe joint. At least one connector is arranged on the main part, and main flanges are arranged on the connectors of the main part. A branch pipe flange is arranged at one end of the branch pipe joint, the other end of the branch pipe joint serves as a branch pipe connecting end, and a reducing transition section is arranged between the branch pipe flange and the branch pipe connecting end of the branch pipe joint. The main part and the branch pipe joint are connected through the main flanges and the branch pipe flange. Through flange connection, the main part and the branch pipe joint are conveniently detached and installed; meanwhile, branch pipe joints of different specifications are selected and used and conveniently matched with branch pipes of different diameters, and then the whole inspection well is prevented from being replaced. Product cost and installation cost can be effectively reduced.


Context based learning approaches have been presented in this article as a way to enhance student's interest in, as well as time economic learning outcomes from chemical education. In this article 16 years research based time economic study has been presented on hydrocarbon, aromaticity and chemical bonding to cultivate the interest of teaching and learning in organic and inorganic chemistry when solving context-based chemistry problems. In this pedagogical survey, we have tried to hub twelve (12) innovative and time economic methodologies by including thirty two (32) completely new formulae in the field of Chemical Education. Concepts that usually confuse the students in the examination hall have been explained here by some innovative methods based on applied mathematics. In this context, current trends in chemistry have been highlighted by some technical methods. The review explores the results and gives implications for context-based teaching, learning and assessment.


The mechanical properties,the corrosion resistance and the effect of Sn on the microstructure of the Sn-containing ferritic stainless steel matrix were studied on the basis of the metallurgical reaction equilibrium of the smelting process. The morphology and composition evolution of the deoxidization inclusions were analyzed. The results showed that the yield of tin is pretty high in consideration of its low melting point. The enrichment of tin around the sulfide inclusions is observed in scanning electron microscope. The new type ferritic stainless steel has better corrosion resistance than SUS 430 stainless steel,and the excellent plasticity and strength which can meet the requirement of deep drawing process. Therefore,it can substitute partly the application of SUS 430 in the industrial production.


Objective To explore the effects of information support on anxiety and sleeping quality of puerpera with postpartum hemorrhage. Methods A total of 120 puerpera with postpartum hemorrhage who were hospitalized and delivered in our hospital from August 2011 to August 2014 were selected. They were randomly assigned to a control group and an experimental group, with 60 in each. The control group was given regular postpartum care, and the experiment group was given information support on the basis of regular care. Sleep quality, anxiety degree and mental state of puerpera in the two groups were compared. Results SAS score in the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant(P0.05). The number of puerpera with normal health state and the number of puerpera with mild anxiety in the experimental group were both more than those in the control group, and the number of puerpera with moderate to severe anxiety was less than that in the control group. The differences above were all statistically significant(P0.05). Total PSQI score in the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the control group, and the sleeping quality in the experimental group was better. All the differences above were statistically significant(P0.05). Total SCL-90 score in the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the control group, and scores of somatization, terror, anxiety, depression and interpersonal relationship were lower than those in the control group. All the differences above were statistically significant(P0.05).Scores of hostility, paranoid, psychoticism and OCD compared between the two groups were similar, and the differences were not statistically significant(P0.05). Conclusion Information support for puerpera with postpartum hemorrhage is able to reduce anxiety degree, improve sleeping quality, and enhance mental state, which is beneficial for the recovery of puerpera.


Medium and long term runoff forecasting is an effective means for utilization of water resources and playing economic benefits of the power plant.Taking the Three Gorges Reservoir for an example,periodic extension superposition technique,artificial neural network model,projection pursuit auto-regression model and support vector machine regression model is used to forecast the monthly runoff,respectively.The disadvantages and advantages of four methods are compared from different aspects.Moreover,the characteristics and laws of forecasting model are summarized.Thus,it provides technical support for discovering runoff forecasting rules and making the future medium and long-term power generation plan of Three Gorges Reservoir.


With the continuous expansion of the network scale, the network topology is becoming increasingly complex, and the link status between network devices will also change dynamically according to real-time load, link quality and other factors, increasing the difficulty of solving network optimization problems. Therefore, an efficient and fine-grained network model is essential to achieve the goal of efficient and autonomous network optimization. As the development direction of future network architecture, Software Defined Networking (SDN) technology can effectively set up routing schemes and flexibly control network traffic by separating data plane and control plane. In the process of routing scheme optimization, the key is to accurately estimate the network performance under a given routing scheme. In this paper, we propose a SDN routing performance prediction model based on graph attention network. Based on graph attention network, this model models the relationship between physical links and routing scheme paths in the network. Under the given routing scheme and network traffic, it accurately estimates each end-to-end performance index in the network to assist in optimizing the routing scheme.


ABSTRACTIt is very important for marketers to manage brand personalities effectively. As brand personalities affect a consumer-brand relationship and attitude related to the brand positively or negatively. A brand personality can project five attributes : sincere, exciting, strong, sophistication, cute.In this research, we investigate which brand personalities affect consumer-brand relationships and brand attitudes. According to this research, sincere and cute brand personalities affect consumer-brand relationships (composed of brand trust and brand commitment) and brand attitudes positively. Strong and exciting brand personalities affect consumer-brand relationships and brand attitudes negatively. A sophistication brand personality does not affect consumer-brand relationships and brand attitudes.Considering participation by the virtual brand community, we examine whether or not brand personalities affect consumer-brand relationships and brand attitudes changes. A consumer-brand relationship is affected participation in the brand community, but a brand attitude is not affected by participation in the brand community. When consumers participate in the brand community, brand personalities affect consumer-brand relationships, but brand personalities don ' t affect brand attitudes.In this study, we suggest that not all brand personalities can effectively promote a consumer-brand relationship and a brand attitude. According to the purpose of a firm or a brand, marketers should manage brand personality strategies selectively. Also, it is important for consumers to participate in brand community activities. Through this study, we suggest each brand personality has different types of influences on consumer-brand relationships and brand attitudes.INTRODUCTIONIt is well established idea that brands have personalities or even human characteristics. The brand personality is a means of expressing consumer identity and a different aspect of the consumer' s self (Aaker 1997; Belk 1988; Escalas and Bettman 2005; Johar, Sengupta, and Aaker 2005). Humanizing a brand allows the brand to play a more central role in customers ' lives and allows them to project their selves to create the desirable relationships they seek (Aaker 1997; Wallendorf and Amould 1988). Moreover, people feel comfort when they sense that the brand "fits" with their self-concept (Aaker 1999; Swaminathan, Page, and Gu'rhan-Canli 2007). In order to identify the potential of brand personality, it is meaningful to understand how the underlying mechanisms influence the consumer-brand relationship and the brand attitude as well as which brand personality traits affect consumers more positively. Therefore, in this study, we investigate the influences of brand personality traits on consumer-brand relationships and brand attitudes.Many companies have made efforts to distribute resources to build long-term relationships with their customers (Johnson and Seines, 2004). As company-customer relationships grow stronger, customers' repurchase and WOM (word-of-mouth) intentions also increase (Maxham and Netemeyer, 2002). Recently in the marketing area, it has been an important issue for brand managers to maintain strong consumer-brand relationships (Gummesson 2002). As a result, many studies have investigated consumer-brand relationships (Marketing Science Institute 2002). Keller (2001) suggested that the consumer-brand relationship was the last step in the building of brand equity. At the same time, marketers have invoked brand attitude as an important concept related to consumer behavior. Prior studies have suggested that brand attitude predicts brand considerations, intentions to purchase and purchase behaviors (Fazio and Petty 2007; Petty, Haugtvedt, and Smith 1995; Priester et al. 2004).A brand community is a relationship structure in which consumers are situated (McAlexander et al. 2002). With the internet and information technology, virtual brand communities have been effective marketing tools and communication channels for brand building activities (McWilliam, 2000). …


Microstructural evolution during intercritical annealing after rapid heating of cold rolled low carbon steels was investigated by EBSD and TEM. When the specimens were heated to above the Ac1 temperature before the completion of the primary recrystallization of α and then annealed, remarkable retardation of the primary recrystallization was observed, resulting in non-uniform grain size distribution of α. Because of the retardation, subgrains formed in non-recrystallized α are not consumed by recrystallized α and are thus able to gradually grow with annealing, and finally the grain size distribution of α becomes uniform. The analysis based on the rn−r0n=kt equation has shown that the subgrain growth in non-recrystallized α from the holding period of 100 to 1000 s follows n=3, indicating that the subgrain growth is controlled by the volume diffusion of Mn at α and γ interfaces. The transition of n from 3 to 2, observed at the holding time of longer than 1000 s, may be due to the gradual disappearance of the smaller γ phase at subgrain boundaries.


Safety relief valves (SRVs) mounted on the main steam lines inside the drywell of boiling water reactor (BWR) plants control large primary system pressure transients. The air column within the partially submerged discharge pipe, which is compressed by the high-pressure steam on an SRV actuation, accelerates the water leg into the suppression pool. Thus, the water jets formed create pressure and velocity transients that are manifested as drag or jet impingement loads on a submerged structure. The Korea next-generation reactor (KNGR) currently under development has a design concept of a steam discharge system into an in-containment refueling water storage tank that is similar to the BWR design. The basic differences are the operating temperatures, pressures, and configurations of the systems. For the analysis, the method of characteristics is utilized since it is generally known to give good results for the one-dimensional pipe flow with reasonable efforts. This study presents an analysis of the flow characteristics and the dynamic loads in a steam discharge pipe for the KNGR. The results are compared with those of BWRs.


In comparison of radioactivity monitoring measurement and other non-radioactivity monitoring measurements,the basic feature of marine environmental radioactivity measurement and data processing methods have been introduced;standard deviation and detection limit of radioactivity measurement in marine environmental radioactivity monitoring are discussed and analyzed systematically in this paper.Simultaneously,the scientific representation and judgment mode about marine environmental radioactivity monitoring data are proposed for the accurate evaluation of radioactive pollution of the marine environment.


The fluorescence properties of fluorophores relevant in tissue metabolism (NADH, flavines, etc.) are characteristic of the clinical states of tissues. Especially the differentiation of healthy, cancerous, and necrotic tissue states is of large interest in lung-tumor diagnostics, e.g. to ensure that biopsies are taken from non-necrotic areas. In contrast to the common fluorescence detection our approach provides both a combination of spectral and time information from autofluorescence and the simultaneous detection of two fluorophores in order to improve differentiation between various tissues. The basis of analysis of autofluorescence is knowledge of the photophysical parameters of the fluorophores. Aqueous solutions of NADH, flavines and their mixtures have been investigated using the method of time-correlated single photon counting. The fluorescence was recorded with a new 'delay-line' microchannel-plate photomultiplier tube, that enables time- and wavelength-resolved measurements simultaneously. Nicotine-adenine-dinucleotide (NADH) and flavine-adenin-dinucleotide (FAD) display their characteristic temporal behavior (NADH: (tau) 1 equals 250 ps, (tau) 2 equals 660 ps; FAD: (tau) 1 equals 160 ps, (tau) 2 equals 2.25 ns, (tau) 3 equals 4.6 ns) in aqueous solution. In a mixture of NADH and FAD both components could be isolated by using global analytical methods. Time-gated fluorescence measurements on lung-tissue samples of 12 patients immediately after surgical resection have been performed with a fiber- based fluorescence detector. It could be demonstrated that NADH measurements are suitable for differentiating tumorous and necrotic tissue while flavine measurements are suitable for differentiating healthy and non-healthy tissue types. Applications of optical fibers facilitate simple combinations of the detection method with common surgical instruments (e.g. biopsy needles).


The harm of car tail gas to environment was described in brief. The environment protection benefit of clean fuel, such as LPG, CNG, LNG and clean gasoline and their suitable range were introduced. The improvement of fuel quality and the use of clean fuel were put forward, to decrease air pollution from car tail gas.


In this investigation we have attempted to determine the relative ease or difficulty with which convulsions can be produced by electrical stimulation of various parts of the cat's brain. The problem has significance because it bears directly on the question of whether or not a special part of the brain is concerned with the production of convulsions, a question of major importance to those interested in the etiology of epileptic seizures. METHOD With a cat under ether anesthesia a 24 gage needle electrode of the type used by Adrian and Bronk 1 was inserted into the brain through a perforated metal plug screwed into a small bur hole in the skull. This type of electrode is made by running an insulated wire through a hollow needle, such as is used for venipuncture or subcutaneous injection, and by sealing the wire in place. In our experiments the wire in the needle


Nuclear and commercial non-nuclear technologies that have the potential of meeting the environmental restoration, decontamination and decommissioning, and high-level waste management objectives are being assessed and evaluated. A detailed comparison of innovative technologies available will be performed to determine the safest and most economical technology for meeting these objectives. Information derived from this effort will be matched with the multi-objectives of the environmental restoration, decontamination and decommissioning, and high-level waste management effort to ensure that the best, most economical, and the safest technologies are used in decision making at USDOE-SRS. Technology-related variables will be developed and the resulting data formatted and computerized for multimedia systems. The multimedia system will be made available to technology developers and evaluators to ensure that the best, most economical, and the safest technologies are used in decision making at USDOE-SRS. Technology-related variables will be developed and the resulting data formatted and computerized for multimedia systems. The multimedia system will be made available to technology developers and evaluators to ensure that the safest and most economical technologies are developed for use at SRS and other DOE sites.


This article takes the ORACLE database as an example, through the study of the theoretical knowledge and practical applications of constructivism, mixed classroom, and project-based teaching (CDIO), and proposes a new teaching model based on data analysis with mixed classroom and project-based teaching. In the course of project development, it is observed that this model can integrate knowledge, ability, and quality, effectively mobilize project developers (students) enthusiasm and innovative ability and teamwork ability to achieve good teaching results.


R obert Glaser, Director of the Learning Research and Development Center at the University of Pittsburgh, has frequently assailed conventional intelligence and aptitude tests as practically useless in adaptive education (Glaser, 1968, p. 11; Glaser & Nitko, 1971, p. 629; Glaser, 1972, p. 8). On the other hand, in a recent study of the summative evaluation posture of LRDC, I have contended that conventional tests, and the trait and factor concepts they operationalize, can play a central role in the evaluation of new educational systems (Lohnes, 1972). I believe these judgments to be as trains passing in the night, bearing different goods to different destinations. It is undoubtedly true that new techniques, such as behavioral objectives, learning hierarchies, criterion-referenced tests, and "new aptitudes," are opening new educational frontiers. Formative evaluation is one of the new specializations in educational research, and it will have to find its unique tools. What I wish to sketch here are the bones of an argument for the relevance to summative evaluation of the traditional educational measurements of intelligence and special aptitudes.


Three experiments examined the effect on reasoning of the degree of belief in the premises. In Expt 1, 84 adult participants had to evaluate their degree of confidence in the truth of conditional statements, and to evaluate the conclusion of modus ponens (MP) arguments using these statements as the major premise. The same seven-point response format was used for both tasks. In the inference task, 48 per cent of the participants accepted all the MP arguments even when they disagreed with their major premise. The other participants considered that some or all of the conclusions were not certainly true. Moreover, they assigned a degree of belief to each conclusion which was highly correlated with the one they attributed to the major premise. Thus two modes of responding emerged, one which assumed the truth of the premises irrespective of actual beliefs about them, and one which integrated the truth status given to the premises. In Expt 2, one replication and three controls confirmed that non-endorsement of the MP arguments was due to the lack of believability of the premises. In Expt 3, on the usual three-response format, 80 adults were invited to adopt one of these two responding modes with four MP arguments, and then to shift to the other one with a new set of four MP arguments. With the appropriate instructions, assumption-based responding was adopted by only 43 per cent of the participants, and belief-based responding by 98 per cent. Three hypotheses are considered about the second mode of responding.


In order to investigate the level of pollution and self-clarification activity in Daechung reservoir, seasonal and vertical variations of environmental factors, population size of heterotrophic microorganisms and activities of exoenzymes hydrolysing organic matters were analysed from January to September, 1994. Environmental factors such as pH, temperature, chssolved oxyeyen showed remarkable variation according to season and depth, especially in summer time. Thermal stratification was formed around the water depth of 5∼10m. The population size of total heterotrophic bacteria was higher at July and lipolytic bacteria were predominant throughout the year in Daechung reservoir. But amylolytic bactria became prominent at July. Fungi and yeast population have not showed significant variation according to season and depth, but there was somewhat higher fungal cells in July. There was not distinct seasonal variation of exoenzyme activities. In contrast, vertical variation was clear particulary in summer time. And the ratio of abiontic exoengyme activities were higher throughout the year except phosphatase. From the results, it is considered that there is a little external suppliment of pollution and the self-clarification activity is high in Daechung reservoir.


Following DeMeyer, Ford & Miranda [DFM93], we define a topology on a fan by declaring open sets to be its subfans. Then, like Kato [Kat94], we make our fans into monoided spaces by associating a sheaf of monoids to each fan. (Our sheaf of monoids differs from Kato's.) Observing that this new monoided space is locally isomorphic to the spectrum of some monoid in the same sort of way a scheme is locally isomorphic to the spectrum of some ring, we define any monoided space that is locally isomorphic to the spectra of monoids to be a (generalized) fan. The monoid algebra functor can then be used to associate a scheme to such a fan. If we use the monoid algebra functor over some base field k, the resultant scheme is a normal variety if and only if it is a toric variety.


The Puritans came to New England not merely to save their souls but to establish a visible kingdom of God, a society where outward conduct would be according to God's laws. This book discusses the desire of the Puritans to be socially virtuous and their wish to force social virtue upon others.


Stony Brook University Libraries.
SBU Graduate School in applied mathematics and statisitcs.
Lawrence Martin(Dean of Graduate School), Wei Zhu
Associate Professor, Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics,
Stony Brook University
Dissertation Advisor, Nancy Mendell
Professor, Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Stony Brook
University
Chairperson of Defense, Esther Arkin
Professor, Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Stony Brook University, Wadie Bahou
Professor, Department of Hematology, School of Medicine, Stony Brook
University
Outside Member.


Fe-diatomite was prepared and applied for the sorption of Pb (II) from aqueous solution. The samples before and after modification were characterized by SEM and XRF. The results showed that iron hydroxide compound has been successfully loaded at the diatomite. Lead adsorption characteristics were studied in a batch system with respect to changes in initial concentration of lead, pH of solution, adsorbent dosage and temperature. It showed that the removal rate increased with pH, adsorbent additive amount, the temperature and decreased with the initial concentration.


Rotor inter-turn short-circuit is a common fault in generator and it is a research hotspot to identify the fault at its early stage. Considering the disadvantage of circuit analytical method, this paper establishes a 2D transient finite element electromagnetic-circuit coupling model, and calculates the magnetic field at normal and fault situations through the powerful post-processing function of ANSOFT, then magnetic flux density cloud pictures and air-gap magnetic flux density curves of different operating conditions are got. Using MATLAB to analyze and deal with the air-gap flux density cures, we can get the differences of faults in different levels and different positions, which provide a basis for further study of rotor inter-turn short-circuit fault.


Titanium cal bide (TiC) thin films have been grown on Si (100) substrates using a pulsed neodymium: yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Nd:YAG) laser deposition method. X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern of the ...


The binuclear complex [Rh(μ-OOCCH3)(CO)(PCy3)]2 (1) reacts with 1,1-diphenyl-2-propyn-1-ol to give [Rh2(μ-OOCCH3)(μ-η1:η2-C2C(OH)R2)(CO)2(PCy3)2] (2), which affords [Rh2(μ-OOCCH3)(μ-σ,σ-CCCPh2)(CO)2(PCy3)2]BF4·1/2CH2Cl2 (3) by protonation with HBF4·OEt2. The molecular structure of 3 can be described as a coordinatively unsaturated (30 valence electrons according to the EAN rule) dinuclear species, containing a single rhodium−rhodium bond (d(Rh−Rh) = 2.723(1) A). Additionally, the metal centers are bridged by an allenylidene ligand and a carboxylate group. The Cα−Cβ and Cβ−Cγ distances of the former are 1.30(1) and 1.32(1) A, while the Cα−Cβ−Cγ angle is 174.4(12)°. The electronic structure of the model cations [Rh2(μ-OOCH)(μ-σ,σ-CCCH2)(CO)2(PH3)2]+ (5) and [Rh2(μ-OOCH)(μ-CCH2)(CO)2(PH3)2]+ (6) have been studied by means of approximate EHT MO calculations. The interaction of the vinylidene ligand with the bimetallic unit is similar to that of the allenylidene. For both cases the unsaturated η1-carbon ligand...


Objective To evaluate the clinical effects of tension-free herniorrhaphy in treatment of incarcerated inguinal hernia(IIH) in adults.Methods A retrospective study was made on analysing the clinical data of 12 cases of IIH treated by Lichtenstein hernioplasty,31 cases of IIH by mesh-plug hernia repair and 2 cases by Kugal herniorrhaphy.Results There was no infection of incisional wound,rejection of foreign materials,and no operative mortality.All the patients were followed-up for three months,no hernia recurrence was observed.Conclusions Tension-free herniorrhaphy in treatment of incarcerated inguinal hernia in adults is a effective method with very satisfactory results.


Phase I and phase II xenobiotic metabolism in fresh and cryopreserved precision-cut liver slices from the male rat was compared using a range of substrates. Liver slices were cryopreserved using a ...


Main principle of piezoelectric ceramic actuator is inverse piezoelectric effect. Piezoelectric ceramic actuator has a wide range of applications in precision engineering fields such as the ultra-precision positioning systems, microelectronics technology and space technology. So Piezoelectric ceramic driving circuit has high requirements on efficiency, power, output voltage rating and linearity. But the current driving circuits have significant deficiencies in these aspects. In this paper, a multilevel switching-linear hybrid driving method based on flying capacitor converters for the piezoelectric ceramic actuator is proposed to achieve high voltage, high power, high efficiency and high precision. Among the various multi-level topologies, flying capacitor converters are promising multi-level converters with high power density because the size of the capacitors is expected to be minimized in small converters with higher switching frequency. A flying-capacitor multilevel converter as the first stage circuit is used to output a basic voltage with ripples and a push-pull circuit as the second stage circuit is used to restrict the voltage ripples like a low pass power flier. As a result, the linear push-pull amplifier circuit outputs high voltage of high efficiency, high power, and high precision.


The United Kingdom can make claim to be the birthplace of modern ITS. The earliest applications of computer technology to traffic control took place in the 1960's with the Road Research Laboratory, the forerunner of today's TRL, undertaking fundamental research into the co-ordination of signals. This resulted in the TRANSYT signal co-ordination programme, which is still the world standard against which all others are measured. The first traffic control test sites in Glasgow and London were introduced in 1968, and the first citywide traffic control system installed in Leicester in 1974. Today almost 100% of all traffic signals in the UK are monitored or controlled by centralised co-ordinated systems. Indeed the UK can claim to be one of the few countries in the world with such a comprehensive urban control system. At the Turin ITS World Congress, the UK will give a showcase presentation highlighting the use of ITS in managing the strategic road network across the UK. For the covering abstract see ITRD E114174.


This study targets the pollutant removal of secondary effluent from final clarifiers in wastewater treatment plant using silver nanoparticles on activated carbon. The removal efficiency and treatment characteristics of pollutant are anlayzed by perfoming experiments using granular activated carbon with silver nanoparticles and ordinary granular activated carbon. The specific surface area of granular activated carbon with silver nanoparticles is smaller than that of ordinary granular activated carbon. However, the removal efficiency of COD Mn , T-N and T-P in experiments using activated carbon with silver nanoparticles are higher than that in experiment using ordinary granular activated carbon. That means the case of activated carbon with silver nanoparticles is much better at treatment activity. In addition, activated carbon with silver nanoparticles has antimicrobial activity because there is no microbe on the surface of it after experiments.


Objective: To describe the prevalence, clinical spectrum (Particularly cardiac) and treatment strategies of MIS-C. Study Design: Case Control study (prospective and retrospective surveillance). Setting: Children Hospital and Pediatric Medicine Department DHQ/Allied Hospital Faisalabad, Pakistan. Period: 15th March, 2017, to March 14th, 2020. Material & Methods: All patients with confirmed MIS-C/KD were enrolled and made two groups before and after the pandemic of SARS CoV-2. Results: A total of 6 patients before pandemic (group 1) and 18 patients after the pandemic (group 2) were studied over a period of 3 years. There is female dominance in group 1 and male dominance in group 2. Patients in group 2 presented at higher age (median 8y). Gastrointestinal symptoms (72.2%), Shock (11.2%) and LV dysfunction (11.1%) were more different features of MIS-C as compared to KD. There was more intense hyperinflation response was in MISC as compared to KD (CRP median 15.5 vs 78 and S/Ferritin median 725 vs 1889). Conclusion: MIS-C is on the Kawasaki disease spectrum in many ways both clinically and biochemical markers but the level of inflammation and immune response and severity of cardiac involvement were much bigger than KD. This should be in high consideration in perspective of new waves of SARS CoV-2.


Material capable of delivering a stabilized free radical to a treatment site that is targeted. Such materials include semicrystalline hydrolyzable polymer to be irradiated to ionizing radiation in order to produce a stabilized free radical in. Oxygen-containing those materials when exposed to an aqueous medium to generate an active oxygen species useful in biological processes. .The 10


The uniqueness of the relation between the crystallographic angle β and other unit cell parameters in nylon 6 is re-examined and the criticisms of our earlier paper by Salem and Weigmann are discussed. Our assertions, including those about lack of any unique dependency of the unit cell volume, fibre-axis repeat, and the distance between the hydrogen-bonded sheets on the monoclinic angle in clearly identifiable α crystallites, are shown to be essentially correct. The presence of a metastable phase is suggested as an alternative interpretation for their observed continuous variations in the c/a ratio


I think would more than anything else cause perplexity to the ordinary reader. The following are some of the passages in which I should take exception to the view put forward by Mr. Bosanquet. P. 42, ' the influence of the Greek poets on the Greeks was more intimate than that of the Bible on us.' The constant use of Homeric quotations as a text for ethical discussions has natually led people to compare Homer with the Bible; but when we speak of an ' intimate influence,' where are the signs of this to be found 1 Plato himself asks in this very book (599 D foil.), What community, what man, was ever made better by Homer 1 and we might ask, What life has ever been moulded on any of the Homeric characters, as thousands have been moulded on the characters presented in the N. T. 1 Where is the St. Francis or the Luther, the John Bunyan, or John Howard of the Homeric tradition ? Christendom with all its vices and virtues has sprung from the Gospel mustard seed; would the history of Greece have been materially affected if Homer had never lived ? P. 398, ' the Greek dramatist, though limited in the range of his passion, almost shocks a reader trained upon Shakespeare, by the violence of his recriminations and the ingeniousness of his lamentations.' Can it really be maintained that there is more violence, say, in the Agamemnon or Oedipus of Colonus than in King Lear ? Mr. Bosanquet himself tells us elsewhere (p. 137) that ' in Greek art of the great time no characteristic is more striking than sober-mindedness.' P. 384, commenting on 597 B, he says, 'Nature in Greek philosophy is never far removed from the meaning of the corresponding verb, to be born, to grow,' and he proposes to render it by evolution taken in a general sense. T h u s h e t r ans la t e s ft,ia fih> {KXIVT)) f) iv TTJ <j>v<rei owra rjv <f>alfj.tv av Osov ipyao-acrOai by t h e words ' one is that which evolution has produced, which we should say, I suppose, was the workmanship of God,' and just below eiT£ TIS avayKjj hrfjv [itj irXtov r] juav iv Tjj


Recently, Prathap identified 70 institutions in India that have published more than 500 papers during 2008-2012. A Framework score (F-score) is computed for each institution, quantifying how Indian universities and research-focused institutions have fared in the world of high end research in terms of excellence and diversity of its research base.


Summary Platelets clump together by two different processes: agglutination and aggregation. Agglutination is a passive process, independent of the metabolic status of the platelets. It is a physical phenomenon of binding of a protein or glycoprotein, which has two or more binding domains. In contrast, platelet aggregation is a metabolically active, transmembrane process that requires "live" platelets. It involves activation, shape change, secretion and adhesion. Following the change in light transmission in turbidometric aggregometers, one can monitor both the processes. Only agglutination can be induced in formaldehyde-fixed platelets, but not aggregation. PGE1 inhibits aggregation, but not agglutination. Metabolic inhibitors, such as antimycin A and 2-deoxy-D-glucose, are also used to distinguish aggregation and agglutination. Some exogenous factors isolated from animal sources induce platelet agglutination, whereas others induce aggregation. In this inventory, when possible, we will distinguish between these effects. Some of these factors exhibit phospholipase A2 (PLA2) and proteinase activities, whereas others lack enzymatic activity. Aggregation inducers are divided into three main groups: factors that directly act on platelets (Group I); factors that require a plasma component (Group II); and heterogeneous and partially characterized factors with unknown mechanisms (Group III).


The paper considers the problem of non-visual data recovery from images acquired by land-survey satellites. Such non-visual data include: dynamics and parameters of land-survey satellite angular motion along an underlying surface, an underlying surface elevation, etc.


Over the past decade, research on adult L2 acquisition has shown that the syntax of pronominal subjects is unproblematic in L1 non-null subject language (NNSL)-L2 null subject language (NSL) pairings (e.g. Rothman & Iverson, 2007; Sorace & Filiaci, 2006), but not in L1 NSL-L2 NNSL combinations, where null subjects are accepted at least up to advanced stages of acquisition (e.g. Judy & Rothman, 2010; Judy, 2011). Judy & Rothman (2010) and Judy (2011) propose that the latter combinations pose difficulties, because here the L1 is the superset to the L2 regarding the null subject parameter (NSP), which makes it possible for an interlanguage grammar with the L1 setting for this parameter to efficiently parse sentences from the L2. According to them, in the absence of parsing failures, the NSP may never be reset to the target value. Given that no study has ever investigated whether null subjects are allowed in the grammars of near-native speakers of NNSLs, it remains unclear whether L1 NSL-L2 NNSL pairings give rise to permanent divergence in the domain of syntax.


Focusing on the problem of the computational complexity for the (2, r ) path chromatic number of graphs with parameter r and beginning with the premise that for any fixed Integer r ≥3 the (2, r ) path chromatic number problem for graphs with diameter 2 is NP complete, this paper gives out a good characterization for (2,2) path chromatic graphs with diameter 2 and a polynomial time algorithm, and hence solves the classification of the computational complexity for the (2, r ) path chromatic number problem of graphs with parameter r .


Thank you very much for downloading principles and design of linear active circuits. As you may know, people have search numerous times for their favorite books like this principles and design of linear active circuits, but end up in infectious downloads. Rather than enjoying a good book with a cup of tea in the afternoon, instead they juggled with some malicious bugs inside their laptop. principles and design of linear active circuits is available in our book collection an online access to it is set as public so you can download it instantly. Our books collection hosts in multiple countries, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Merely said, the principles and design of linear active circuits is universally compatible with any devices to read.


The present interpretive work explores the consumption experiences of pregnant women transitioning to mother roles, focusing specifically upon the consumption of maternity dress, which has not been previously considered within the context of liminal consumption. Of particular interest were if and how the consumption of maternity dress may shape the self during the liminal transition of pregnancy. Findings revealed that consumption of maternity dress during pregnancy both complicated and supported participants' embodied experiences as liminal, pregnant selves and their transition to motherhood. Three overarching themes were identified and reflect the ways in which participants' consumption practices were tightly bound with their identities, which, in turn, represented a repertoire of possible selves that often diverged from the participants' current identities. Specifically, the three emergent themes included: (1) maternity dress consumption representing disruption in the 'Woman I Am Most of the Time,' (2) maternity dress consumption to affirm one's new identity as 'Pregnant/Expectant Mother,' and (3) maternity dress consumption to maintain continuity in the 'Woman I Am Most of the Time.' Findings also underscored that consumption during liminality is complex, both inciting and relieving ambivalence during role transition.


In the literary works within 17 years(from 1949 to 1966),the novel Lily with the subject about the revolutionary war is very unique.The author expresses his complicated and painful feelings for the death of the young soldier with the writing technique combining revolutionary stand,human feelings,and humanism and female perspective.The connotations of the work are complex,which is not only an them for the deep relationship between the army and the people,but also a love pastoral without love,an elegy for mourning over the young soldier' s death.These implications reflect the theme and the value of the work.


The article aims to investigate the relationship among dark triad, organizational cynicism and job satisfaction in sports organizations. The research is designed with a relational survey model which is one of the qualitative research methods. The research group consists of 122 employees (45 females, 77 males) working in Karaman and Mersin Youth Services and Provincial Directorate of Sports, selected with convenience sampling method, one of the non-random sampling methods. As data collection tools, Personal Information Form, Dark Triad Dirty Dozen (Ozsoy et al., 2017), Organizational Cynicism Scale (Karacaoglu and Ince, 2012), and Job Satisfaction Scale (Ozsoy and Ardic, 2017) were used.  SPSS 22 package program was used to analyze the data. For the normality of the data, skewness and kurtosis values were taken into consideration and the data were found to have a normal distribution.  Pearson correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis were used to analyze the data. Upon analyzing the data concerning job satisfaction and organizational cynicism scales, it has been determined that there is a low-scale correlation in the negative direction between cognitive (r=-.217, p.05) and behavioral (r=-.272, p.05) sub-dimensions and that there is a medium-scale correlation in the negative direction between the emotional sub-dimension of organizational cynicism and job satisfaction scales (r=-.434, p.05). It was also seen that the three sub-dimensions of job satisfaction and dark triad scales, machiavellianism (r=-.316, p.05), psychopathy (r=-.321, p.05), and narcissism (r=-.442, p.05), have a medium-scale correlation in the negative direction. Accordingly, it has been determined that there is a low-scale correlation in the positive direction between the emotional sub-dimension of organizational cynicism and the two sub-dimensions of dark triad scale: psychopathy (r=.269, p=0.05) .  and narcissism (r=.186, p=0.05) . Also that there is a low-scale correlation in the positive direction between the behavioral sub-dimension of organizational cynicism and narcissism sub-dimensions of dark triad scale (r=.185, p=0.05). Additionally, according to multiple regression analysis the sub-dimensions of both the organizational cynicism (cognitive-emotional-behavioral) and dark triad (machiavellianism, psychopathy, narcissism) scales have shown a significant and medium-level correlation with job satisfaction (R=0.579, R 2=0.335, p<.000). the test has proved that the emotional sub-dimension of organizational cynicism and the narcissism sub-dimension of dark triad scale have significant effects on job satisfaction (p<.05). Consequently, when the other variables in the model are constant, a one-unit increase in emotional sub-dimension result in a 0.381-unit decrease in job satisfaction. Similarly, a one-unit increase in the narcissism sub-dimension results in a 0.341-unit decrease in job satisfaction. It can be concluded that individual personality traits and organizational environment have a significant predictor effect on job satisfaction levels of the sports organization employees. Job satisfaction levels are affected negatively by dark personality traits and organizational cynicism. As increasing job satisfaction is positively correlated with other positive organizational outputs, organizations should try to increase the job satisfaction levels among employees and should make necessary arrangements to this end. Finally, the harmony between the individuals and the organization is crucial. The organizations should make a point to employ individuals who can be compatible with the organizational culture and environment.


Invasion by exotic species following clearfelling of Eucalyptus regnans F. Muell. (Mountain Ash) forest was examined in the Toolangi State Forest in the Central Highlands of Victoria. Coupes ranging in age from < 1- to 10-years-old and the spar-stage forests (1939 bushfire regrowth) adjacent to each of these coupes and a mature, 250-year-old forest were surveyed. The dispersal and establishment of weeds was facilitated by clearfelling. An influx of seeds of exotic species was detected in recently felled coupes but not in the adjacent, unlogged forests. Vehicles and frequently disturbed areas, such as roadside verges, are likely sources of the seeds of exotic species. The soil seed bank of younger coupes had a greater number and percentage of seeds of exotics than the 10-year-old coupes and the spar-stage and mature forests. Exotic species were a minor component (< 1% vegetation cover) in the more recently logged coupes and were not present in 10-year-old coupes and the spar-stage and mature forests. These particular exotic species did not persist in the dense regeneration nor exist in the older forests because the weeds were ruderal species (light-demanding, short-lived and short-statured plants). The degree of influence that these particular exotic species have on the regeneration and survival of native species in E. regnans forests is almost negligible. However, the current management practices may need to be addressed to prevent a more threatening exotic species from establishing in these coupes and forests.


Abstract The settlement pattern of the Great Bend aspect site group at Marion, Kansas includes both floodplain and upland sites and has always been considered something of an enigma. Recent studies show that sites are linearly arranged and are strung along a natural levee and bluff edge where the bluff is near the river. Access to large expanses of soil suitable for cultivation with a bone hoe technology is the key to understanding the settlement pattern, however. The Marion group settlement pattern is similar to that of the Lower Walnut focus sites and both are reminiscent of Mississippian settlement patterns in the Southeast. The settlement pattern of the Little River focus sites is somewhat different and it is this group that poses the real Great Bend aspect settlement pattern enigma.


Abstract The excitation of optical modes is used to study the optical tensor configuration in a thin ferroelectric liquid crystal layer, cooled from the initially homeotropically aligned nematic phase. By monitoring the angular dependent reflectivity for plane polarized radiation coupled into the guided modes in the smectic C* layer and subsequently fitting the recorded data to predictions from multilayer optics theory, the optical tensor configuration in the layer is fully evaluated. Iteratively modelling the full tilt/twist profile in the cell, progressively converging the predicted reflectivity to experimental data, gives a complete and very well specified picture of the optical tensor throughout the cell. By studying the cell at various temperatures, the temperature dependence of the tilt of the major axis of the optic tensor (which may be related to the cone angle if the smectic layers are parallel to the cell surface) has been established. The temperature dependent optical dielectric constants have ...


Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder in
women of reproductive age, a demographic which includes adolescents as well.


AbstractThis study investigated the effects of two methods of ordering practice instances in the Merrill and Tennyson (1977) design for teaching coordinate concepts. Previous findings indicated that a response-sensitive presentation (presentation order based on the correctness of student's response) was more effective than a response-insensitive presentation (randomly ordered) with individualized, computer-assisted instruction. The present study examined whether these findings would generalize to a regular classroom environment. One hundred one first-grade students were randomly assigned to two treatment groups and a control group and were taught the coordinate concepts-mountains, hills, plains, and tablelands. Findings indicate that a response-sensitive presentation was more effective in teaching coordinate concepts than a response-insensitive presentation. The authors suggested that the Merrill and Tennyson design for teaching a single concept be modified to include a response-sensitive presentation rat...


The 5S genes of the eight species of the D. melanogaster subgroup have been mapped. The spacers, in contrast with coding regions, differ markedly between most species. One 5S gene unit has been sequenced for both D. simulans and D. teissieri. The mature 5S RNA region in these two species is identical to the corresponding region of D. melanogaster. Only 5 nucleotide variations occur between the D. melanogaster and D. simulans 5S gene spacers. The spacer in D. teissieri is very different. Only two segments, located one at each side of the coding region, are clearly homologous to corresponding sequences of D. melanogaster and D. simulans.


Silver stained-NOR patterns as well as routine Giemsa stained karyotypes of 3 Tanakia species/subspecies from East Asia, T. himantegus himantegus, T. h. chii, and T. somjinensis, were described. This is the first description of karyotypes for T. h. himantegus and T. somjinensis. Tanakia h. himantegus (2n=48: 8M+20SM+18ST+2A) and T. h. chii (2n=48: 8M+20SM+18ST+2A) had distinct acrocentric chromosomes. In T. somjinensis (2n=48: 8M+20SM+20ST), acrocentric chromosomes were not found and Ag-NORs on the terminal region of the long arm were more prevalent than those on the terminal region of the short arm, being a characteristic that is unusual in bitterlings.


It is a pleasure to introduce this series of articles honouring the achievements of Ruedi Aebersold, the 2002 recipient of the ASMS Biemann Medal. During the last decade enormous progress has been made in the application of mass spectrometry to proteomics, an area to which Ruedi has contributed both generally and specifically with his isotope labelling strategies. In his opening Account and Perspective, "AMass Spectrometric Journey into Protein and Proteome Research," Ruedi poses the interesting question 'does technology drive biology or is the converse the case, where the biological question drives the technological development?' This of course remains an open question but the accompanying series of articles exemplify the tremendous synergy between biology and methodological development. An important biological question prompts the first of the research articles; "Quantitative Proteomic Analysis of Chromatin-associated Factors" by Yuzuru Shiio, Eugene C. Yi, Sam Donohoe, David R. Goodlett, Ruedi Aebersold, and Robert N. Eisenman. A method is described for determining quantitatively the changes in chromatin-associated factors. These factors play a central role in cell proliferation, differentiation and death and yet are difficult to quantify primarily due to their very low levels of expression. The method that is described is based on the ICAT methodology, which Ruedi pioneered. On the same theme, the next article "Trypsin Catalyzed O-to-O Exchange for Comparative Proteomics: Tandem Mass Spectrometry Comparison using MALDI-TOF, ESI-QTOF and ESI-Ion Trap Mass Spectrometers" by Manfred Heller, Hassan Mattou, Christoph Menzel, and Xudong Yao illustrates the use of alternative labeling strategies involving O to O, in conjunction with enzymatic digestion for identifying proteins in human plasma. Of additional interest in this article is the comparison of the many different mass spectrometry platforms emerging for analysing such data including LC MALDI MS/MS approaches. Chromatographic separation is at the heart of many successful proteomic strategies, and an alternative approach is exemplified by Figeys and colleagues in their article, "On-line Strong Cation Exchange -HPLC-ESIMS/MS for Protein Identification and Process Optimization." Using a strong cation exchange micro LC method for identification of proteins in mixtures, they apply their approach to a tryptic digest of a protein extract from human cells. They demonstrate that their procedure provides complementary information to standard reverse phase chromatographic methods, specifically for larger molecular-weight peptides that are often poorly represented using standard protocols. An exciting biological challenge involves definition of the protein composition of the editosome, a multiprotein complex involved in editing mitochondrial mRNAs in trypanosomes. This subject, which is described by Aswini K. Panigrahi, Thomas E. Allen, Paul Published online May 21, 2003


The paper refers to a possibility to check carrier lifetime in the area close to the PN junction measuring forward characteristics at low current, densities, where generation-recombination portion of the current density dominates. The measurement allows one to determine energy level of dominant recombination centres and evaluate their concentration. The carrier lifetime in volume of the cell body can be evaluated using local irradiation of the surface of large-area solar cells with a laser diode (/spl lambda/=870 nm) from measured values of open circuit voltage V/sub oc/. The method can give information about recombination centres distribution in large-area solar cells. From V/sub oc/ distribution, position and extent of local defects can also be determined. Solar cell diagnostic methods can be used to investigate the influence of technology on characteristics of solar cells, with the aim of increasing efficiency and reliability of solar cells.


The changing names used to describe physicians over the centuries challenge the integrity of and the trust within the patient-physician relationship. Virtual Mentor is a monthly bioethics journal published by the American Medical Association.


T h e intra-aort ic balloon p u m p (IABP) has become a widely accepted means of m a n a g i n g pat ients with unstable cardiac pe r fus ion a n d p o o r left ventr icular funct ion . 1 7 Originally applied to pat ients with cardiogenic shock secondary to myocardial infarct ion, the I A B P has m o r e recently been used in a variety of clinical states that cause poor cardiac func t ion . O u r experience with IABP suppor t has been limited almost entirely to pat ients who cannot be weaned f r o m ca rd iopu lmonary bypass or to those who experience severe circulatory fai lure in the immedia te postoperat ive pe r iod . T h e criteria fo r use of IABP in this series were re f rac tory left ventricular fa i lure unre sponsive to manipula t ion of blood volume, cardiotonic d rugs , and catecholamines a n d occurr ing ei ther as an int raoperat ive event following the withdrawal of ca rd iopu lmonary bypass o r as a postoperat ive complication. Cardiac func t ion in all pat ients was moni tored routinely by direct assessment of lef t atrial, central venous and mean atrial pressures , and de te rmina t ion of cardiac o u t p u t (CO) by the rmodi lu t ion . Progressive elevation of left atrial and central venous pressures with declining arterial p ressure and CO, despite full pharmacologic suppo r t ,


The experiment was laid out in split plot design: three establishment methods were designed (Puddled transplanted rice, Non- puddled transplanted rice, Conventional dry tillage +DSR) as a main plot and four levels of nitrogen rate (0, 60, 120, 180) as sub plot and replicated three times during summer season of 2015 and 2016 at RARS, Parwanipur. Grain yield and other yield attributes like plant height, penicle length and number of tiller per m2 of rice was observed significantly differed (p<0.05) between different establishment methods and nitrogen levels. In 2015 there was not significant effect of establishment practices on grain yield but significantly highest grain yield (4603 kg/ha) was obtained from application of nitrogen@120 kg/ha and grain yield decreased with increased of nitrogen application @ 180 kg/ha (4365 kg/ha). Results reveled that significantly higher grain yield was obtained under non puddled transplanted rice (3314 kg/ha) than puddle transplanted rice (3280 kg/ha) which were at par with conventional tillage plus DSR (2123 kg/ha) and significantly highest grain yield (3424 kg/ha) was obtained from application of nitrogen@180 kg/ha during 2016. In both years the highest grain yield was obtained from puddled transplanted rice with the nitrogen application @ 120 kg/ha. Based on two years results, it can be concluded that N is limiting factor for the productivity of rice in Parwanipur. Therefore 120 kg/ha nitrogen could be optimum dose for puddled transplanting and direct seeded rice at Parwanipur condition.


Although adherence to evidence-based therapy has been shown to improve clinical outcomes post-myocardial infarction (MI) and in patients with heart failure, adherence remains suboptimal. One method that has demonstrated success in improving adherence is the reduction in the frequency of drug administration (eg, switching from a twice-daily to a once-daily regimen). A once-daily controlled-release (CR) formulation of carvedilol--a beta-blocker used in the treatment of post-MI left ventricular dysfunction (LVD), heart failure, and hypertension--has recently received US approval. This review provides a switching protocol for transitioning stable patients from twice-daily carvedilol to once-daily carvedilol CR. Based on the findings from a head-to-head comparison study of carvedilol and metoprolol tartrate suggesting that carvedilol is associated with superior reductions in mortality and morbidity, physicians may consider switching patients with heart failure receiving beta-blockers who have not shown benefits in this setting. Algorithms are provided for switching patients with heart failure or post-MI LVD from another beta-blocker to carvedilol CR.


Introduction The key point for botulinum toxin type A injection in treating cervical dystonia is to accurately identify dystonic muscles. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of 99mtechnetium-sestamibi single-photon emission computed tomography in identifying target muscles in cervical dystonia. Methods In the study group (n = 18), target muscles were selected according to clinical evaluation combined with 99mtechnetium-sestamibi single-photon emission computed tomography, while in the control group (n = 18), target muscles were selected by clinical evaluation alone. All patients were followed-up at 2 weeks, 1, 3 and 6 months after botulinum toxin type A injection. The primary outcomes were the reduction rates in Toronto Western Spasmodic Torticollis Rating Scale and Tsui score at 1 month. Results Although the reduction rates in Toronto Western Spasmodic Torticollis Rating Scale and Tsui scores were not different between the two groups at 2 weeks and 1 month, the reduction rates in both scores were significantly higher in the study group at 3 and 6 months. The number of patients receiving re-injection within 6 months was significantly lower in the study group. Also, the re-injection interval was significantly longer in the study group. In the study group, more deep cervical muscles were injected, which concerns especially semispinalis capitis, longissimus capitis, and obliques capitis inferior muscles. Conclusion 99mtechnetium-sestamibi single-photon emission computed tomography is a useful method for screening target muscles in cervical dystonia. It helps clinicians draw a 'blueprint' for the distribution of dystonic muscles before botulinum toxin type A injection.


In this paper, we carryout quantum chemistry analysis using ab initio molecular orbital method to investigate microscopic mechanisms of plasma-assisted reactions and their process visualization of geometrical configurations from the reactants to products via the transition-state. Attention is paid to two key reactions of CH4+O→CH3+OH and CH3+OH→CH3OH which play important roles to produce methanol in the plasma reactor. This results prevail that the quantum chemistry approach with molecularr level visualization is a powerful and analytical method to understand the plasma reaction processes.


Labour demand and wages depend on the state and volatility of relationships within firms. Good relationships lower profit-maximising wages and raise firms' profits and hence constitute an asset to the firm. Wages are lower be cause when people enjoy collaborating in the absence of wage incentives it is costly to indu ce them to work even more using such incentives due to rising marginal disutility of eff ort. Perhaps more surprisingly, volatile relationships among workers who collaborate raise p rofits and the value of workers in the presence of increasing returns to labour. Such vola tility has the effect of raising the profitmaximising wage.


Di-ortho polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are prominent environmental contaminants and their interaction with the thyroidal axis may be more significant in fish than previously thought. Four weeks after ip injection with 50 or 250 mg 2HCB/kg or 5 or 25 mg 3HCB/kg, rainbow trout plasma and liver microsomes were prepared. Plasma T4 levels were increased in 50 but not 250 mg 2HCB/kg treated fish. Plasma T4 levels were unchanged in 3HCB treated fish. Liver microsome ethoxyresorufin deethylase (EROD) activity increased with 2HCB dose. EROD increased after the low but not the high 3HCB dose. Western immunoblotting us 1A trout-anti-rabbit primary antibody showed a 2HCB and 3HCB dose related increase. In another experiment, twelve weeks after ip injection was 25 or 100 mg 3HCB/kg, rainbow trout plasma, thyroidal tissue, and liver microsomes were prepared. Plasma T4 levels were increased in 25 not 100 mg 3HCB/kg treated fish. Thyroid follicle cell height was increased in 25 but not 100 mg 3HCB/kg treated fish. Interaction with the receptor, as measured by cytochrome P450 1A induction, does not correlate with altered T4 plasma levels.


The user's filtering costs and time costs were increased because of a large number of search results in the context of big data technology. Therefore, personalized recommendation technology is needed to improve the utilization ratio of information resources, which carries out accurate and efficient information filtering. This paper focuses on the employment recommendation algorithm hoping to maximize the true intention of job applicants in the recommended job list. As an important tool in machine learning, ensemble learning can improve the prediction accuracy and adaptability effectively in job recommendation algorithms. The main work of this paper is to carry out some research on the algorithm concept related to recommendation algorithm and gradient promotion decision tree algorithm based on recommendation algorithm, and build an employment recommendation algorithm. The employment recommendation algorithm is evaluated by the TOPN list experiment.


The effect of wet-etching process on the gate insulator for fabrication of field emitter arrays (FEAs) was examined. Three types of wet-etching process have been performed to fabricate metal tip FEAs, they are Mo (gate metal), oxide (gate insulator) and Al (release layer) etching, respectively. We examined the effect of gate insulator after wet etching through breakdown field strength and rms surface roughness. And the effect by residual ions or atoms was also examined. The breakdown field strength of gate insulator by the measurement of current-voltage for immersing in oxide etchant was rapidly lowered at the expense of large etching time. However in case of Al etchant, the breakdown field strength was lowered slowly. In all cases, it has been validated through Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) analysis that the residual atom was phosphor after wet-etching process when compared cleaned with non-cleaned samples. Also, we obtained excellent result when aluminum etchant was substituted for 3% tetra-methyl ammonium hydroxide (TMAH). In case of TMAH, decrease of the breakdown field strength was the slowest, surface roughness was smoother, and it did not attack gate and tip material.


Abstract Background People with mental disorders have increased mortality rates and reduced life expectancies. We recently found that, compared to the general population, men and women with any mental disorder experienced 10 and 7 years, respectively, of life-years lost (LYLs), a new metric to estimate reduced life expectancy that takes into account the age of onset of the disorder. Our aim is to examine changes in mortality rate ratios (MRRs) and LYLs for both external and natural causes over twenty years for a comprehensive range of mental disorders, including schizophrenia spectrum disorder. Methods We conducted a cohort study comprising all 7,369,926 people living in Denmark in 1995–2015. Information on mental disorders and mortality was obtained from national registers. We looked at all mental disorders combined and specific groups of diagnoses as defined by the ICD-10 F-subchapters (substance use disorders, schizophrenia spectrum disorder, mood disorders, neurotic disorders, etc.) and classified causes of death into natural and external causes. We estimated MRRs using Poisson regression models, adjusting for sex and age and including an interaction term with calendar time. Differences in remaining life expectancy after disease diagnosis were estimated as excess LYLs (divided into LYLs due to natural and external causes of death) between those with each disorder and the general Danish population (matched on sex and age) for specific periods separately (1995–1999, 2000–2004, 2005–2009, 2010–2015). Results Over the period of observation, mortality rates decreased for those with any diagnosed mental disorder, as well as for those without a diagnosis. Despite these improvements, the MRRs between the two groups increased from 2.38 (95% CI: 2.32–2.44) in 1995 to 2.60 (95% CI: 2.55–2.65) in 2015. For external causes of death, MRRs decreased from 6.64 (95% CI: 6.15–7.17) to 5.27 (95% CI: 4.87–5.70), while MRRs for natural causes increased from 2.19 (95% CI: 2.14–2.25) to 2.52 (95% CI: 2.47–2.56). Remaining life expectancy after disease diagnosis increased 4.6 years from 32.0 to 36.6 years; however, remaining life expectancy increased also in the matched general population of same age and sex by 3.2 years (from 41.7 to 44.9 years). The life expectancy gap between the two periods was therefore shortened by 1.4 years; excess LYLs were 9.7 years in 1995–1999 (5.8/3.8 years due to natural/external causes) and 8.3 years in 2010–2015 (6.6/1.7 years due to natural/external causes). When looking at specific mental disorders, the life expectancy gap was reduced for mood disorders (0.8 years), neurotic disorders (1.7 years), and personality disorders (0.9 years); remained similar for schizophrenia spectrum disorder and substance use disorders; and increased for organic disorders (1.1 years). Discussion Mortality rates for people experiencing mental disorders decreased from 1995 to 2015. However, for natural causes of death, those with mental disorders did not reflect the benefits seen in the general population. Consequently, life lost due to natural causes increased. Overall, life expectancy increased an additional 1.4 years for those with mental disorders compared with the general population, thus reducing the gap. Nevertheless, for some disorders e.g. schizophrenia spectrum disorder and substance use disorders, life expectancy gap did not change. These findings support the hypothesis that service improvements have reduced mortality due to suicide and accidents, but similar benefits are not apparent in natural causes of death, which suggests that interventions related to promoting a healthier lifestyle and optimizing the general medical care of those with mental disorders warrants added investment.


The paper examines the time-series evidence relating to participation rates in further education in England and Wales, and uses cointegration analysis to identify a long-run statistical relationship in the data consistent with an augmented human-capital model. The recent rapid growth of participation is attributable largely to the improvements in GCSE attainment of the last decade, coupled with the expansion of higher education. Fluctuations in labour demand play a significant role in determining movements in participation rates over time, and the substantial rise in youth unemployment of the early notes was a contributed to the rapid growth of participation at this time.


With the study of Yongji Irrigation Scheme of Hetao Irrigation District,a 3D groundwater flow model is established based on the software of Modflow.All the parameters are determined by combing manual parameter modulation with Pest module with 14 observation wells as a reference.It is shown that the analytical parameters in the simulation is reasonable and has high precision.The change of groundwater depth with this model in different exploitation schemes is simulated.Under the same exploitation conditions,the groundwater depth of the south in the district decline less than the north.It can add the exploitation in the south and decrease the import of Yellow River.The simulation result has certain practical values.


In many applications, piezoelectric motor has been used in the areas where excellent controllability, fine position resolution are required or magnetic field noise should be eliminated. However the piezoelectric motor has two major demerits. One is difficulty in maintaining vibration amplitude constantly with temperature rise and wear, and the other is heat generation induced by dielectric and mechanical loss. In this thesis, piezoelectric motor to overcome these problems is proposed. And proposed piezoelectric motor is operated using momentum exchange between bimorph and rotor. To maximize steady state velocity and static torque of proposed motor, the guideline is established using two bimorph models. Then the guideline is partially proved by comparison between simulation and experiment. There was no heat generation in the few hours of experiments.


A methodology to estimate the shear model of seismically excited, torsionally coupled buildings using acceleration measurements of the ground and floors is presented. A vector parameterization that considers Rayleigh damping for the building is introduced that allows identifying the stiffness/mass and damping/mass ratios of the structure, as well as their eccentricities and radii of gyration. This parameterization has the advantage that its number of parameters is smaller than that obtained with matrix parameterizations or when Rayleigh damping is not used. Thus, the number of spectral components of the excitation signal required to identity the structural parameters is reduced. To deal with constant disturbances and measurement noise that corrupt acceleration measurements, Linear Integral Filters are used that guarantee elimination of constant disturbances and attenuation of noise.


A project co-funded by Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation (RIRDC) and CSIRO is taking some initial steps to examine the feasibility of growing mallees for bioenergy in the tropics. Rather than targeting more productive agricultural land for tree growing, the researchers' aim is to investigate what species of mallee eucalypts could grow in marginal regions or marginal parts of individual farms.


The study was aimed to determine the antioxidant contents and the effect of different blanching times (5 min, 10 min, 15 min and 20 min) on antioxidant contents of three different selected fresh vegetables. Three different types of vegeta- ble were used namely Amaranthus specie locally known as spinach, namely "tete", (Celosia argentea), soko, (Solonum nodifiorum) and odu, (Telfeira occidentalis) were analyzed for their antioxidant contents. The analysis revealed that raw vegetables have the highest amount of antioxidant contents. Telferia occidentalis had the highest antioxidant content followed by Solonum nodifiorum. It was observed that blanching time had an adverse effect on the antioxidant contents of the blanched vegetables. The antioxidant contents of tete, soko and odu were significantly decreased (p < 0.05) after blanching.


This paper examines a uniform parallel machine scheduling problem in which jobs can be split arbitrary into multiple sections and such job sections can be processed on a set of dedicated machines simultaneously. Once a job type is changed, a setup performed by an operator is required. The setup time is sequence-independent, and the number of setup operators is limited. Machines conduct the same operation but have different speeds. The objective is to minimize the maximum completion time. This problem is motivated from real-life applications that manufacture automotive pistons in Korea. We propose efficient heuristic algorithms for this problem and show experimentally that the performance of the algorithms is good enough to be used in practice.


Background: Brown seaweeds contain polysaccharides, minerals, proteins, pigments, polyphenols, and fatty acids. Several of these compounds show a wide range of biological activities, such as anticoagulant, anti-tumor, antiviral, and anti-cancer effects. Objectives: This study was designed to evaluate the extraction, purification, and characterization of alginate from Sargassum angustifolium simultaneous with fucoidan extraction and the effect of this process on the structure and properties of alginate. Methods: The extraction of alginate from S. angustifolium was carried out using defatting with organic solvents mixture, treatment with acid-base solutions, and purification with absolute ethanol. The novel characterization of this compound was carried out by the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), FT-NMR, energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), and florescent spectrophotometry methods. Results: The fluorescent emission of alginate showed 66.54% removal of impurities, such as phenolic compounds. The FT-IR analysis showed the carboxyl and hydroxyl groups as significant signals in the alginate structure. By analyzing the anomeric protons and other aspects of 1H-NMR, M/G ratio, FG, FM, FGG, FMM, FMG (or FGM) were determined to be 0.61, 0.62, 0.38, 0.31, 0.07, and 0.31, respectively. The intrinsic viscosity and molecular weight of alginate were 0.9 dL/g and 41.53 kDa, respectively. Conclusions: The total amount of alginate from the residual S. angustifolium was 17% of dried seaweed. The structure elucidation of alginate was performed with the FT-IR, FT-NMR, and EDX methods.


Large offshore production platform designs are characterized by high levels of horsepower for driven equipment. It is common to design around an all-electric approach, where a central electrical power plant is installed and few (if any) turbine or diesel engine drivers are included other than for generators. This approach leads to the use of relatively large transformers and to higher levels of available short-circuit current. Due to the production throughput and the capital investment associated with these facilities, the availability of electric power is a prime economic factor in design. To enhance both maintainability and operability of the electrical plant itself, dual radial secondary selective systems with main-tie-main breaker switchgear configurations are frequently employed. If one of the main supplies is intentionally removed from service, it is usually preferable to first closed-transition transfer the affected loads to the other main supply through the tie breaker. During this closed-transition transfer period, the switchgear may be exposed to an excessive level of available short-circuit current. This paper discusses this closed-transition transfer scheme and addresses safeguards that may be taken to mitigate the excessive short-circuit current risks during the transfer period.


Biodesulfurization of oil component is an important biological Attraction of the oil industry. Researches and studies in this area are going on to reach to the industrial scale. On this way, there are so many problems which can be solved by proper research. In current article, the aim is creating desirable technical knowledge for a special bacteria immobilization our studies around this subject proved that this method is very useful. Immobilization process has been performed successfully and the desirable support (calcium alginate) was selected. As the second step the concentration of calcium chloride and Naalginate was optimized (0.05 mol for the first and 700 mlg for the second) optimization steps was complete through the factorial method. In the last step through the same methods we could prove that our immobilized bacteria is renewable and can be recovered for using in another desulfurization experiment.


In the present thesis it is proposed and evaluated, both numerically and experimentally, an inverse procedure for the indirect determination of axial loads applied to submersed pipe-like structures, based on their dynamic responses. The investigation is motivated by the existence of practical problems encountered in the oil industry. An experimental bench has been designed and built, consisting in a reservoir inside which a tubular stainless steel beam has been mounted and tested. Special fixtures have been designed in such a way to enable to apply controlled axial loads and represent different types of boundary conditions. In parallel, computational routines have been developed for the two-dimensional modeling of the structure accounting for the effects of axial loads, flexible supports and fluid-structure interaction, based on the finite element approach. Having in mind the difficulties which are expected to be encountered when the methodology be applied in real conditions, some special dynamic test procedures have been considered, including Operational Modal Analysis (OMA), which enables to identify modal parameters from output-only measurements. Numerous scenarios have been considered using either numerically simulated or experimentally measured responses. As for the resolution of the inverse problem, two strategies have been investigated: the first consists in the deterministic resolution of a constrained optimization problem based on evolutionary algorithms, and the second, which enables to account for the presence of uncertainties in the experimental data, is a stochastic approach based on Bayesian inference, combined with Markov chains and Metropolis-Hastings algorithm. The results obtained confirm the operational feasibility and satisfactory accuracy provided by the suggested identification approaches.


SUMMARY Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) is a serious threat to both horticultural and ornamental crops. Three fresh-market tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) lines were transformed with the nucleoprotein gene of TSWV by Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Primary transformants for each line were analysed for transgene integration and expression. Results showed that inserted transgenic DNA was often rearranged. Progeny of selected primary transformants were obtained by self-pollination and tested for resistance to TSWV. One completely resistant line was identified having a single integration locus with multiple rearranged transgene copies and a true-to-type phenotype. It will be further tested for possible inclusion in breeding programs.


ABSTRACTSeveral constraints on the chemical properties of inceptisol soils, including acid soil reactions, soil organic matter generally varies, as well as the value of cation exchange capacity, bases can be exchanged, base saturation, nutrient reserves and nutrient status of P and K are low, but have saturation (Al) tall one. The purpose of the study was to analyze the nutrient status and soil fertility of Inceptisols on oil palm land use in Pengadang Village, District, Sekayam, Sanggau Regency and suggestions for fertilization to support maximum oil palm production. Soil sampling was carried out on 5-year-old oil palm plantations. Diagonal soil sampling method with three replications. Analysis of chemical properties consisting of pH, C-organic, N-total, P-total, P-available, K-total, K-dd, CEC, KB, and soil Al were carried out in the soil chemistry and fertility laboratory. The results of the average nutrient status on oil palm land are N-total nutrient status of 0.20% (low), available P of 15.09 ppm (low), CEC of 9.06 cmol (+) kg-1 (low ), C-organic by 1.42% (low). P-total status is 37.5 ppm (very low), K-total is 87.5 ppm (very low), K-available is 32.5 ppm (very low), KB is 19.30% (very low) , Al saturation is 39.55% (high) and the soil fertility status of oil palm land is classified as very low. Suggestions for single fertilization of urea is 255.56 kg/ha, TSP is 142.81 kg/ha and KCL is 509.13 kg/ha and Phonska 15:15:15 NPK compound fertilizer is 428.40 kg/ha, and urea is 85 ,84 kg/ha and KCL 402,01 kg/ha, to increase the lack of nitrogen and potassium elements in the soil. The need for dolomite lime is 2,400 kg/ha.


International concerns about the inability of university English programs in the United States and elsewhere to adequately prepare students for the English of their professions prompted the creation of two important English language education movements: Writing Across the Curriculum (WAC) and English for Specific Purposes (ESP). Both of these movements have considerably improved English language education for specific disciplines, but neither has adequately addressed discipline-specific English language needs in a comprehensive fashion, neither theoretically nor in practice. The paper reports on progress toward this goal for Japanese university students in the field of computing and then suggests how this work might be carried out for specific populations of English language-learners in other disciplines.


The dynamic change of firing zone under ship swaying and its effect on the weapon-target assignment( WTA) are studied. A target moving model in the deck reference system is built,and a ship swaying error angle( SSEA) model is proposed,which can illustrate the relationship between the target position and the firing zone under swaying. The rules of WTA under swaying are drawn with the SSEA as an evaluation index. The maximum SSEAs in four sway modes are computed via simulations. The results show that the maximum SSEA can be used as a valid basis for WTA under the ship swaying and provides a reference for designing the firing overlap zone.


One of the key issues in crop protection products to be applied in tree crops is the dose rate adjustment. An inappropriate dose selection could be responsible of the lack of efficacy due to under dosage and a loss in efficiency due to over dosage. Both situations imply economical losses and greater impacts on the environment. A better dose adjustment is possible from a variable rate technology approach by measuring the crown volume and adjusting the dose rate on-the-go according to the variation of the estimated vegetation volume. Tests have been done with a variable rate sprayer prototype and satisfactory results have been achieved.


Pravin Shah. in Chapter 15. stresses the need for the revival of Panchayati Raj in our country. There is no denying the fact that such a transition would be full of tension. But this should not immobilise us from moving in the right direction. Similar views have been expressed by Mahesh C. Purohit in Chapter 16. However. he feels that decentralisation of functions without transferring financial resources to the Panchayati Raj institutions has no specific meaning. In Chapter 17. Harl Mohan Mathur examines the significance of participatory approaches in decentralised planning. According IO him participatory approaches are believed IO produce development of a kind which is closest to the aspirations and concerns of the people. An overview of decentralised planning experience and prospects is made by C.H. Hanumantha Rao in Chapter 18. In the last chapter. P.C. Mathur thinks in terms of decentralising Soviet-style planning not only IO state level agencies but also to Panchayati Raj institutions. The book, undoubtedly contains a good reading material on district decentralisation planning in India. However. there was a possibility to classify these 19 papers into cenain sections. There was also a chance for improving the sequencing of these papers. For instance. the paper contributed by C.H. Hanumamha Rao could have been placed somewhere in the beginning. Although references are mostly given at the end of each paper. still it was desirable to append a select bibliography to the book. An index was also desired in the last. Perhaps. all these deficiencies remained in the book due to lack of time at the disposal of the two editors so much so that no one could be approached by them for writing even a foreword for their book.


Observations with 10 arcmin resolution of a 2 sq deg portion of the galactic plane around the galactic center at 150, 200, and 300 microns are presented, obtained as part of a galactic plane survey. In the galactic center region the mean dust temperature is about 30 K. Both the temperature and the dust-to-gas mass ratio in the galactic center region are typical of a large portion of the galactic plane. Three main emission peaks, Sgr A, B, and C, are detected; these peaks appear as dust column density enhancements rather than temperature enhancements. The dust responsible for the FIR emission may only be a fraction of the dust responsible for the visual extinction toward the galactic center.


In this article a treatment-and-diagnostic tactics based on the diagnosis and treatment of 50 patients with sterile and infected pancreatic necrosis is developed. The aim of the study was to study the effect of assessing the severity of state according to the scale of APACHE II and Balthazar CT index on the formation of surgical treatment in patients with pancreatic necrosis. At the same time the following problems were solved: changes in the severity of patients' state in the APACHE II scale and CT the index of severity of Balthazar in the dynamics of surgical treatment were studied; the statistical significance of the comparison and correlation between the APACHE II scale and the values of CT Balthazar index before surgery was calculated, the effect of the severity of the patients' state values obtained according to the scale of APACHE II and Balthazar CT index, upon the choice of the method and results of surgical treating pancreatic necrosis is assessed. The method of surgical treatment and the range of interventions depended on the amount of pancreas necrosis, retroperitoneal lesions, presence of septic complications and were determined taking into account data of computer tomography according to the pattern previously developed by the sub-faculty team. The overall postoperative mortality was 4%.


The semiconductor CdSe QDs are synthesized with a organic-heat-solvent method in this paper. The synthesized QDs are latterly modified by a water-soluble biocompatible amphoteric low-molecular–weight polymer PAA-DSPE(Poly(acrylic acid)-1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-ethanolamine). By this method, a will stability, water-soluble semiconductor fluorescence sensor is obtained, which is characterized by TEM and UV-vis and fluorescence spectroscopic analysis. Lastly, we use water-soluble QDs as a tag to connecting it to either NFkB protein and anti-NFkB protein, use the fluorescence microscope to detect the structure of tagged protein and explore the impact of the QDs tagging on the proteins' immunocompetence. The results reports that there isn't obvious impact been observed which the CdSe/PAA-DSPE acts on the NFkB and anti-NFkB proteins' immunocompetence.