Individuals with a good understanding of mathematics have better chances to do well in their life. However, it is an extremely challenging task for people with visual disabilities to learn and execute simple mathematical operations. Although there are many mathematical learning products in the current market, most of them are expensive, with smooth input keys, liquid crystal display and audio outputs which limit the learning process of numerical braille code. In this paper, we present a numerical braille module which aimed to help people with visual challenges to learn simple mathematical operations. This module comprises 12 miniature solenoids that were controlled by an Arduino Uno microcontroller with a numeric keypad that serves as an input unit. The verification of input and output signals was conducted to ensure that all the inputs are correctly stored in Arduino board memory to perform a correct operation and raised the correct solenoids to produce a braille code pattern. Three operations were tested, which are addition, subtraction and multiplication. The developed numerical braille module was capable of performing simple calculations tasks and raised correct solenoid output accordingly. The outcome of this work provides an optimistic prospect of attracting the visually impaired to learn and perform mathematical operations.


As the important part of information industry, the library has introduced the knowledge management, made optimized configuration for knowledge resources, and practiced industrialized operation, which inevitably produce the features and kernel competitive power of being different from that of the traditional library. This paper puts forward some matters needing attention in the course of construction of industrialized library based on brief analysis on the knowledge operation of industrialized library.


Abstract During its activity, the Centre–Left coalition that won the elections of 2006 showed clear signs of being a very diverse body of interests and political orientations. This paper aims to explore the nature and the role of small parties within this coalition. The organizational nature of these parties will be analysed – are they conventional parties, electoral parties, partiti personali or others? – and also how these parties fit the 'cleavage' structure of the Italian society. The analysis will then focus on their behaviour within the electoral institutions: are they office-seekers, policy maximizers or something different? Finally, recent developments in the centre–left and their potential impact on small parties will be discussed.


Morphological study of several populations of banana prawn (Fenneropenaeus merguiensis) from Indonesian waters. By: Eni Kusrini, Wartono Hadie, Alimuddin, Komar Sumantadinata, and Achmad Sudradjat Banana prawn, Fenneropenaeus merguiensis, is one of several prospective local crustaceans for shrimp culture. The objective of this study was to reveal the genetic differences among banana prawn populations from Sunda strait, Cilacap coast, Bengkulu coast, Lombok strait, and Pontianak coast. Principle Component Analysis (PCA) was used to determine genetic differences among the five wild populations. Results of the PCA analysis show that there are morphometrically genetic variations among studied banana prawn populations. Banana prawn from Pontianak has the highest variation of morphology. Results of cluster analysis indicate that there are two main clusters where banana prawns from Pontianak, Lombok Strait, and Bengkulu are categorized as the first cluster while Sunda Strait and Cilacap populations are categorized as the second cluster. The highest value of genetic distance is shown by banana prawn populations from Cilacap and Lombok and the lowest value is Cilacap-Sunda Strait.


This article describes the synthesis and regulation of β(1‐3)glucanase and protease enzymes from the cell lytic system of Oerskovia xanthineolytica LL‐G109 in continuous culture using different concentrations of carbon source (glucose) and inducer (glucan). These two enzyme activities are the main components of a lytic system capable of lysing and disrupting whole yeast cells; it is subject to catabolite repression by glucose and is induced by yeast glucan. Peaks of β(1‐3)glucanase and protease activity are obtained at dilution rates of between 0.05 and 0.15 h−1. The glucanase‐protease ratio is very high compared to other strains. At dilution rates above 0.15 h−1 all activities are similar to those obtained in batch culture. The lytic enzyme system appears to contain several β(1‐3)glucanase enzymes. In continuous culture both productivity and enzyme concentrations are greatly in creased when compared to batch culture, 11‐ and 4.4‐fold, respectively.


The household membership decision is viewed as a "research project" where the offspring invests in human and non human capital to influence the probability of finding an alternative to the parental household. The problem is formulated as a differential game between a selfish offspring and altruistic parents. The solution is consistent with facts" such as the "flexibility of inheritance systems" and the "generational fragmentation" of the family property when the economic opportunities expand outside the parental household.


Solid and elastic contact problems have been thoroughly investigated before. The most recent efforts incorporate the use of the Lennard-Jones (LJ) potential to describe the inter-surface forces that are present and substantial in micro-sized contact problems. But little work has been done on viscoelastic contact problems. Hence, there is a need to investigate the behaviour of a viscoelastic contact under the LJ interaction. This paper aims to investigate the deformation of an axisymmetric viscoelastic tip that is either pushed onto or pulled from a flat rigid surface. From existing elastic models, a mathematical model was developed to describe the contact problem in a viscoelastic context. This newly developed was solved via numerical means. The result is a model that readily accepts measureable physical properties and gives out the deformation of a viscoelastic tip.


Xavier Prudent Institut fur Kernund Teilchenphysik, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com We present preliminary results from the latest global fit analysis of the constrained minimal supersymmetric standard model (CMSSM) performed within the FITTINO framework. The fit includes low-energy and astrophysical observables as well as collider constraints from the non-observation of new physics in supersymmetric searches at the LHC. Furthermore, the Higgs boson mass and signal rate measurements from both the LHC and Tevatron experiments are included via the program HIGGSSIGNALS. Although the LHC exclusion limits and the Higgs mass measurements put tight constraints on the viable parameter space, we find an acceptable fit quality once the Higgs signal rates are included. The European Physical Society Conference on High Energy Physics -EPS-HEP2013 18-24 July 2013 Stockholm, Sweden


This study aims to determine the influence of parental attention, learning media, and teacher performance individually on the achievements of learning Entrepreneurship students of SMK Negeri Kebumen Year 2020-2021, and to know the influence of parental attention, learning media, and teacher performance together on the achievements of entrepreneurial learning students of SMK Kebumen Year  2020-2021. This  research was conducted at SMK Negeri 1 Karanganyar and SMK Negeri 1 Kebumen. The research time is November 2020 to January 2021. This study uses a quantitative correlational approach with a population of 643 students. The sample was determined by 25% or as many as 160 students taken by cluster random sampling method. Data analysis includes descriptive analysis, prerequisite test analysis of data analysis, and hypothesis test. The results of this study showed that the variables of entrepreneurial learning achievement were influenced by parental attention variables by 27.3%, learning media variables by 24.8%, teacher performance variables by 18.1%, and from the three variables together by 70.2% so that there are still 29.8% other factors that can affect the achievement of entrepreneurial learning but were not studied in this study. Therefore, it is expected that in further research can be found other factors that can influence the achievement of learning entrepreneurship .


Due to the stochastic character of precipitation ph enomena, and also accumulation of pollutants in the catchment area and their wash-off, predicting the q uantity and quality of rainfall wastewater is a ver y complex task. That can lead to massive calculation errors a t selection and design stages of technological line s rainfall wastewater treatment plants. For hydraulic sewer sy stems, the guideline ATV A-118 and the PN-EN 752 st andard recommend using hydrodynamic modelling for the catc hment area of more than 200 ha, but also for cases wh re the surface flooding occurs, which happens quite of n in urban areas. As a majority of computational software tools (SWMM, Mouse, Mike Urban, Civil Storm), in ad dition to modules for run-off simulations also have those dedicated to wastewater quality assessment, it is j ustifiable to conduct complex analyses. The paper a ims to discuss the results of wastewater quality and quant ity umerical simulations obtained with SWMM softwa re for Si9 sewer catchment located in the area of Kielce. For the paper, hydrogram computations were made for the catchment run-off and the suspension concentrations at the assumption of constant intensity of the rai nfall of the duration of td = 15-180 min and the precipitation occurrence prob ability of p = 20%. In addition, a mathematical model of rainfall wastewater treatment plant was de veloped. That allowed determination of the pollutan t load of the existing technological line, and volume and loa d f suspended solids discharged by the stormwater ov rflow structure directly into the receiver. The computati ons that were conducted showed a limited impact of a unit runoff on the mass of suspended solids flowing in from the catchment under consideration.


Abstract Rural camps are an integral part of practice learning for most schools of social work in India. The paper locates the relevance of rural camps in social work education and unveils its pedagogy and broad learning framework. Based on the experiential account of the author in a rural camp as a teacher educator, the paper situates the role of camps in professional development of social work students and how it enables to bridge the gaps between academic knowledge base and the complex realities of practice. The unique standpoint of the paper is the students' account of their experiences, challenges faced and its impact on their personal and professional growth.


The spiral deposition of InGaN with a quasiperiodical distribution of indium content along the growth direction for forming InGaN nanoneedles (NNs) with the vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) growth mode is demonstrated. The VLS growth is implemented by using Au nanoparticles (NPs) as the catalyst in metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. The Au NPs on a GaN template are generated through pulsed laser irradiation. The observation of spiral deposition is based on the analyses of the scanning results in the high angle annular dark field and energy dispersive X-ray measurements of transmission electron microscopy. In the measurements, the composition variations along and perpendicular to the growth direction (the c-axis) are illustrated. The alternating indium content along the growth direction is attributed to a quasiperiodically pulsed behavior of indium supersaturation process in the melted Au NP at the top of an InGaN NN. The spiral deposition of InGaN is due to the formation of an NN at the location of an Au NP with a screw-type dislocation beneath in the GaN template, at which the growth of a quasi-one-dimensional structure can be easily initiated.


In this paper, we summarize some problems arising in telecommunication networks which have been studied in the scope of the cooperation between our teams ParGO (UFC) and Mascotte (INRIA). We also present their modeling by graph coloring problems and some partial results we have ob- tained.


Taking the development of kindergarten-oriented curriculum as the starting point, the authors chose three kindergartens in Shapingba District, Chongqing that are developing kindergarten-oriented curriculum as subjects. Based on observations of and interviews with seven teachers and three managers, they analyze the changes of teachers' professional development in the development of kindergarten-oriented curriculum and conclude five main approaches for teachers' professional development.


Fumbling the Future: How Xerox In vented, then Ignored, the First Personal Computer by Douglas K. Smith and Robert C. Alexander appeared almost a decade ago and has been republished with a 1999 copyright. In addition, 1999 saw the publi cation of a new book on the same subject, Michael Hiltzik's Dealers of Lightning: Xerox PARC and the Dawn of the Computer Age. In this column, I review and compare these books, and also describe the role of the management scientists at Palo Alto Re search Center (PARC), a topic neither book mentions. In both books, the authors Smith and Alexander and Hiltzik describe how Xerox set up a new research laboratory in Palo Alto, away from its copier business in Rochester, to do research on the architec ture of information. Both books contain


Objective To evaluate the intra-abdominal packing in treatment of sever hepatic trauma.Methods 13 cases with sever hepatic trauma categorized as Ⅲ and Ⅳ were studied retrospectively.Results 13 patients had packs inserted during a primary operative procedure, 7 of them, however, had a reexploration for secondary hemorrhage after removal of packs,and were further treated by surgical procedure, including debridement, hepatic artery ligation and lobotomy. Except for 2 patients complicated with perihepatic infection and one patient dying of copious bleeding all cases had a satisfactory results.Conclusion Temporary perihepatic packing can be life saving in patients with sever hepatic trauma.


Metatyuyamunite, Ca(UO2)2(VO4)2•3-5H2O, a new mineral for Romania, occurs as canary yellow submillimeter-size plate-like crystals in Valea Rea Cave (Bihor Mountains). This unusual mineral has precipitated on, and in between delicate needle-like aragonite crystals. X-ray diffraction, optical and scanning microscope (including EDS), and luminescence were used to identify metatyuyamunite. The X-ray diffraction pattern can be indexed with the orthorombic cell a = 10.77; b = 8.53; c = 17.62 of metatyuyamunite. From a genetic point of view it seems that tyuyamunite was first precipitated from hydrothermal solutions and in a later stage it dehydrated to metatyuyamunite.


FIELD: tobacco products. SUBSTANCE: methods proposed refer to reconstituted leaf tobacco production, as well as to production of modified reconstituted leaf tobacco. The methods are designed for cigarette manufacturing. One of the version refers to method of reconstituted leaf tobacco with binder production. The method implies production of suspension from tobacco and binder in given correlation. Preliminarily produced leaf of reconstituted tobacco, containing given quantity of wood paste, is enveloped with the suspension obtained. The suspension is complemented with a flavouring agent. The reconstituted leaf tobacco is supplemented with wetting reagent. A leaf of reconstituted tobacco is sliced into stripes. Several such stripes are placed into cigarette so that the stripes are adjacent to tobacco core. The other reconstituted leaf tobacco production version implies manufacturing of suspension from binder, wetting reagent, tobacco and flavouring agent, following defined proportions. The suspension is produced by sequential dispersion of tobacco, binder, wetting reagent and flavouring agent in water solvent. Then leaf production technological procedure is as described above. It also refers to cigarette, containing tobacco core, which is wrapped into outer envelopment, as well as to incomplete inner envelopment, presented by one or several stripes, made from reconstituted tobacco leaf. The inner envelopment is placed along the tobacco core, between the latter and outer envelopment. It also refers to reconstituted leaf tobacco, containing wood paste, binder and tobacco in defined proportion. The method of modified reconstituted leaf tobacco production includes the following operations. First, tobacco particle suspension is prepared in water solvent. The suspension obtained is then subjected to extraction processing at temperature of approximately 160°F for a period of approximately 30 minutes. Then the suspension is divided into extract with components, soluble in water, and solid fraction, which is mixed with wood paste and formed into leaf of reconstituted tobacco, using Fourdrinier machine. The extract is centrifugated, concentrated, supplemented with first binder and wetting reagent, applied to leaf of reconstituted tobacco and dried. Afterwards, the leaf is processed as described above. EFFECT: decrease of ignitability for smoking products with one-layer envelopment. 50 cl, 8 dwg, 3 tbl, 3 ex


The dynamic uncertainty of space robot caused by the change of base mass or load mass is analyzed.According to the characteristic that the operation load of space robot varies significantly,an adaptive terminal sliding mode controller is designed,and the upper bound of the dynamic uncertainty is learnt using a RBF neural network.The designed controller ensures that the system states stay on the sliding surface all the time.Further,the control errors converge to zero in finite time.Simulation with different loads is carried out on a space robot with two DOF.Results show that the proposed method is robust to dynamic uncertainty.


INTRODUCTION I. COMMUNICATION STRATEGY Communicator Strategy Audience Strategy Message Strategy Channel Choice Strategy Culture Strategy Strategy Checklist Guide to the Guide II. WRITING: COMPOSING EFFICIENTLY Composing Under Normal Circumstances Composing Under Special Circumstances III. WRITING: MACRO ISSUES Document Design for "High Skim Value" Signposts to Show Connection Effective Paragraphs or Sections IV. WRITING: MICRO ISSUES Editing for Brevity Choosing a Style Writing Checklists V. SPEAKING: VERBAL STRUCTURE Tell/Sell Presentations Questions and Answers Consult/Join Meetings Other Speaking Situations VI. SPEAKING: VISUAL AIDS Designing the Presentation as a Whole Designing Each Individual Slide Choosing Visual Aid Equipment Practicing with Visual Aids VII. SPEAKING: NONVERBAL SKILLS Nonverbal Delivery Skills Nonverbal Listening Skills Speaking Checklists APPENDICES Appendix A: Formats for Memos, Reports, and Letters Appendix B: Unbiased Language Appendix C: Grammar and Usage Appendix D: Punctuation BIBLIOGRAPHY INDEX


Attempt has been made to analyze the EMG signals at various wrist angles with the maximum clench of the 16 individuals of two motions, adduction-abduction, and flexion-extension. Signals are recorded from four forearm muscles viz. flexor carpi radialis, flexor digitorum superficialis, extensor carpi ulnaris, and extensor digitorum communis. After pre-processing, the signal is converted into segments of one-second epochs for each successive clench of maximum amplitude. Features such as mean frequency, mean amplitude, RMS and Median frequency are extracted from EMG, and the wrist angle and grip force is used for further analysis. The results of Pearson correlation analysis indicate that for the non-dominant hand, the wrist angle has the high positive correlation with mean amplitude and RMS. Moreover, for flexion-extension, the correlation of wrist angle with mean frequency, RMS, and median frequency is high but not always positive. Also, analysis of grip force with the mean amplitude and RMS show high positive correlation for the dominant hand. This method of analyzing surface EMG can also be used to evaluate muscles clinically.


We report on vertically stacked nanosheet (NS) FETs, focusing on the combined inner spacers and source/drain (S/D) epitaxial growth modules sequence, a key integration flow differentiator as compared to finFETs, addressing the impact and control of parasitics and channel strain engineering. The use of both wafer sides for device connection, via nTSVs landing on buried power rails (BPR) after extreme wafer thinning, is also discussed. This configuration is shown to be advantageous for obtaining reduced IR drop values and for, overall, enabling enhanced performance and additional area scaling. It also has the potential to further expand such as to include extra options, together with novel devices/circuits and for various applications.


Purpose – This study aims at identifying Andrews University's students' perceptions, behavior, use, and attitudes towards e‐textbook and e‐books in general.Design/methodology/approach – In the Fall semester of 2001‐2012, Andrews University's bookstore offered 74 e‐textbooks for purchase. The teachers who had the opportunity of using these e‐textbooks for their classes were asked to distribute two questionnaires to their students: one to those who chose to buy and use the e‐textbook and a slightly different one to those who chose the traditional print textbook. The results were tabulated and compared to the results of similar studies since 2001.Findings – A 65 percent return rate was obtained. Several findings closely replicate results of many studies on this area. For more than a decade, studies show that students prefer the hardcover book over the e‐book for their studies. Lack of awareness, not knowing how to get it, eyestrain, and difficulty of reading are the main culprits for students not using e‐boo...


The domestic and foreign multitudinous practices proof,the suburbtraveling took a 21st century city people's feature tourism project,has the giant market potential and the broad development superiority.Therefore,studies the suburb traveling the development characteristicas well as the city peoples goes out the traveling demand motive,designs and molds the suburb traveling product the experience factor,becomes the impetus current suburb traveling development the key.


Thin‐film lithium‐niobate photonics has attracted intensive attention due to its superior material properties. In particular, multimode lithium‐niobate photonics is becoming attractive for the applications of high‐capacity optical interconnects and high‐efficiency nonlinear optics. However, multimode manipulation in lithium‐niobate‐on‐insulator (LNOI) waveguides is not easy because there might occur some mode hybridness due to the vertical asymmetry as well as the material anisotropy. In this paper, high‐performance mode‐multiplexing devices with anisotropic LNOI waveguides are proposed, consisting of a multi‐channel mode (de)multiplexer and a sharp multimode waveguide bend (MWB). The mode (de)multiplexer is designed with Z‐propagation LNOI waveguides to avoid the mode hybridness. Meanwhile, the sharp MWB is designed to connect with a Y‐propagation waveguide, enabling access to the highest electro‐optic coefficient and second‐order nonlinear coefficient. The fabricated mode (de)multiplexer has a low excess loss less than 0.2 dB as well as low crosstalk less than ‐19 dB in the wavelength range of 1520–1600 nm. These high‐performance multimode photonic devices are useful for developing multimode LN photonics.


The fuzzy TAM (Topogmphical Attentive Mapping) network is a supervised method of pattern analysis which is composed of an input layer, a category layer, and an output layer. But if we don't know the target value of the pattern, the network can not be trained. In this case, the target value can be replaced by a result induced by using an unsupervised neural network as the SOM (Self-organizing Map). There was a result of research how target values which are classified by the SOM can effect to the results of analyzing patterns using the fuzzy TAM network. Therefore, In this paper, we apply the results of the SOM to the fuzzy TAM network and show its usefulness through the case study.


Adherent cells, mammalian or human, are ubiquitous for production of viral vaccines, in gene therapy and in immuno‐oncology. The development of a cell‐expansion process with adherent cells is challenging as scale‐up requires the expansion of the cell culture surface. Microcarrier (MC)‐based cultures are still predominate. However, the development of MC processes from scratch possesses particular challenges due to their complexity. A novel approach for the reduction of development times and costs of cell propagation processes is the combination of mathematical process models with statistical optimization methods, called model‐assisted Design of Experiments (mDoE). In this study, an mDoE workflow was evaluated successfully for the design of a MC‐based expansion process of adherent L929 cells at a very early stage of development with limited prior knowledge. At the start, the analytical methods and the screening of appropriate MCs were evaluated. Then, cause‐effect relationships (e.g., cell growth related to medium conditions) were worked out, and a mathematical process model was set‐up and adapted to experimental data for modeling purposes. The model was subsequently used in mDoE to identify optimized process conditions, which were proven experimentally. An eight‐fold increase in cell yield was achieved basically by reducing the initial MC concentration.


In this artical we are mainly from several aspects included culture,rapid urease test,histology examination,urea breath test,antibody detection,stool antigen test and molecular biological detection.The development of detection methods for Helicobacter pylori was reviewed briefly in recent years.


Through this descriptive study of the image of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the independent Iraqi press, the researcher relies on surveys, content analysis


Ultisols include soils that have very low nutrients, these contents can quickly soil acidity is high, and poor macro nutrient content. Therefore, researchers are making efforts so that ultisols can increase the availability of soil nutrients. The effort is to fertilize using liquid organic fertilizer goat biourin with banana hump decomposer. Liquid organic fertilizer has many advantages, namely the ease of application to soil and plants, which is all you have to do is apply it. This research was conducted in the Greenhouse of the Department of Soil, Faculty of Agriculture, Sriwijaya University. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of goat Biourin liquid fertilizer on pH, C/N ratio and N-total in Ultisol and to determine the effect of the best dose of goat Biourin liquid fertilizer on pH, C/N ratio and N-total in Ultisol.The raw material for liquid organic fertilizer from goat biourine is goat urine, while the composted material is banana hump. This study used a completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 3 replications. The treatment consisted of the ratio of biourine to water, namely: A (control), B (1:1), C (1:2), and D (1:3). Parameters observed and measured in the study were C/N Ratio, Total N, and soil pH. Based on the results of the study, it was concluded that the type and dosage of goat Biourin liquid fertilizer could increase soil pH, N-total and C/N ratio.


Applying scientific method and artistic methods,social work deals with all kinds of social problems.Its professional character decides its special status and function in the course of establishing socialist harmonious society.How to establish the management system of social work,and to strengthen its occupational system,are what we expect to research and solve.


This chapter discusses the law of persons. Prior to Exit Day, the private international law of matrimonial causes, parental responsibility, and maintenance was covered in part by two European Regulations: the Brussels II Regulation, Regulation (EC) 2201/2003, and the Maintenance Regulation, Regulation (EC) 4/2009. According to the Jurisdiction and Judgments (Family) (Amendment etc) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019, SI 2019 No 519, regulations 3 and 4, these two European Regulations will be revoked. Until Exit Day they are in full force and effect, but unless further legislative arrangements are made they will not apply to proceedings commenced before a English (or, where recognition is concerned, other Member State) court on or after Exit Day. SI 2019 No 519 makes consequential alterations to English law, which will come into effect on Exit Day.


We sought to identifying the possible existence of disparities between rural and urban residents of Michigan for the incidence by stage of disease and disease‐specific mortality for cutaneous melanoma (CM).


An external mechanical force is able to activate covalent bonds. Grinding, milling, or extrusion of polymers and polymeric materials leads to polymer degradation, because covalent bonds are broken. Mechanoradicals are generated by homolytic rupture of covalent bonds, but bond hydrolysis or other bimolecular reactions may as well be mechanically activated. Rubber mastication, thermomechanical treatment of food polymers, and recycling of postconsumer plastic waste are technological applications of mechanochemical reactions of polymers. The design of mechanophores opens new possibilities for mechanoresponsive materials. Weak linkages introduce defined rupture points in polymers. Mechanochromic mechanophores lead to color change of polymer solids when exposed to excessive mechanical stress, even before macroscopic damage becomes visible. Further examples are chemiluminescent mechanophores, cross-linking mechanophores, or mechanophores acting as mechanocatalysts. A quantitative understanding of mechanochemical reactions is reached with a wide variety of experimental and theoretical methods. Defined force can be applied to the bulk material, as well as to individual molecules embedded in macrocycles, or single polymer chains manipulated with an atomic force microscope. The latter method forms the basis for single molecule force spectroscopy, which is performed either in the force-ramp or force-clamp mode. The theoretical framework ranges from one-dimensional description of covalent bonds with a Morse potential via the constrained geometries simulate external force method to full-dimensional quantum chemical methods like external force explicitly included or the force-modified potential energy surface. Ab initio molecular dynamics simulations, transition state optimizations, or intrinsic reaction paths following are routinely performed on molecules exposed to a defined mechanical force.

Keywords:

mechanical activation;
mechanophore;
mechanoradical;
mechanoresponsive material;
single molecule force spectroscopy


We design an experiment to study gender differences in reactions to editorial decisions on submissions to top economics journals. Respondents read a hypothetical editor's letter where the decision (e.g., revise and resubmit) is randomized across participants. Relative to an R&R, female assistant professors who receive a rejection perceive a significantly lower likelihood of subsequently publishing the paper in any leading journal than comparable male assistant professors. We do not find this gender difference among tenured professors. We consider several mechanisms, pointing to gender differences in attribution of negative feedback to ability and confidence under time constraints as likely explanations.


We firstly propose and investigate a no-whole degree geopotential coefficient model by means of regional gravity data. On the basis of that a compensatation factor for new coefficients is gived, and estimation of the accuracy of new coefficients is also given in the Paper. The deflection of the vertical and of the new model have a RMS discrepancy of ±2.56s and ±2.61s with the terrstrial deflection of the vertical respectively.


HÖRANDL E. 1993. Revision of the Saxifraga sedoides-growp (Saxifragaceae) regarding taxonomy, distribution and vegetation ecology. Phyton (Horn, Austria) 33 (1): 87-119, with 6 figures. German with English summary. On the basis of population studies and herbarium revisions morphology and characters of Saxifraga sedoides L., S. hohenwartii VEST and S. prenja BECK are surveyed. The three species are distinctly different, mainly in the inflorescence, in the indumentum, and in the shape of the petals. The formerly supposed introgression between S. sedoides and S. hohenwartii turn out to be a misinterpretation of characters. New chromosome counts of S. sedoides (2n = 52) and S. hohenwartii (2n 52-56) are reported. New records of hybrids of Saxifraga sedoides with S. aphylla and S. tenella are presented. The distribution of S. sedoides (disjunct in the southern, central and northeastern parts of the Eastern Alps) and S. hohenwartii (endemic in the southeastern calcareous Alps) is shown (grid map). S. sedoides and S. hohenwartii are growing on moist stabilized screes and rocks (limestone). The Saxifragetum hohenwartii AICHINGER 1933 is typified and regarded as a separate association. The rather unknown S. sedoides-communities and other syntaxonomic problems are discussed. The different ecology of the three species is compared and discussed.


Here we go again. The clinical and financial costs of malnutrition in hospitals are back to haunt the agenda. What has changed? What has been learned?


Atriplex species (Chenopodiaceae) include a diverse genera of saltbushes found worldwide and valued for forage, arid land restoration, remediation, and halotolerance. Within the genus, the species A. canescens (Pursh) Nutt. (fourwing saltbush) is distributed throughout arid western regions of North America where it is a popular restoration and forage species. Atriplex torreyi (S. Watson) S. Watson var. griffithsii (Standl.) G.D. Br. (Griffiths' saltbush) is a threatened subspecies found only in southern regions of New Mexico and Arizona. Micropropagation of either species may result in formation of hyperhydricity, or vitrification, which is an induced physiological disorder and a common problem of in vitro cultured plants. Leaves and stems of hyperhydric plants are thick, distorted, and brittle with a glassy (vitrified) appearance. This physiological disorder may be induced by culture conditions that provide excess inorganic nitrogen or high humidity. The protocol described herein uses commercially available, low nitrogen nutrient medium and uses vented lids to reduce humidity within culture vessels. Shoot multiplication can be initiated from either apical shoots or seeds. This protocol has been successfully applied to micropropagation of both species, offering an improved alternative for Atriplex propagation.


Abstract Climate change hazards including droughts and floods are adversely affecting crop productivity and food security among Kenyan smallholder farmers. This article analyzes rainfall and temperature change effects on household food security in Kimandi-Wanyaga, in Murang'a County, Kenya. Both the meteorological and the community perceptions were analyzed. Monthly rainfall and temperature data for Thika Meteorological Station were analyzed for trends using MAKESENS procedure. The community perceptions data obtained through household survey, key informant interviews, and focus group discussions were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) and content analysis. The study hypotheses were tested using chi-square tests. The community perceived inadequate rainfall during crop growth (79%), reduced rainfall intensity (77%) and erratic onset and cessation of seasonal rainfall (73%) had interrupted their crop productivity. These disagreed with MAKESENS rainfall trends that showed statistically insignificant rainfall variability (α > 0.1). The community's warmer temperature perceptions agreed with observed rising maximum temperature trend at 0.001 significance level. This study observed a significant relationship between the community's perceived local rainfall and temperature changes, and household food security. For robust and strategically designed climate policies and programs for food security, governments need to communicate to policy makers the perceptions of smallholder farmers involved in autonomous climate adaptation.


Objective To explore the way for emergency management of patients with infection of lung after tracheotomy. Methods Clinical data of 82 cases with severe traumatic brain injury with infection of lung after tracheotomy in our hospital were analyzed retrospectively. The patients were admitted to the department of brain surgery and ICU between February 2003 and February 2006. Results Incidence rate of infection of lung was 78.1%. The death rate of infected patients was significantly higher than non-infected patients(P0.05). 328 strains of parhogenic bacteria were found. 202 were gram-negative, and 46 were gram-positive. 80 were fungi. Conclusion With regard to there cases, early sputum culture and the proper selection of antibiotics based on antinticrobial susceptibility testing are very important to decrease the morbidity and mortality rates.


The aim of this thesis was to evaluate the influence of the 12 weeks of individual home-based cardiac rehabilitation training on anthropometric parameters, parameters of transport system and performance in the group of patients with chronic heart failure. In this study we compared the values measured before and after home-based training. Continuous aerobic training on the exercise bicycles was studied on. This study includes 9 patients. There was a significant reduction of anthropometric parameters (weight, BMI – body mass index, waist circumference, hip circumference, percentage body fat) (p < 0,01) and significant reduction of anthropometric parameter (WHO – waist to hip ratio) (p < 0,05) after training. The average values of the hemodynamic parameters (BPsrest, BPdrest, BPsSL, BPdSL, HRSL) did not change significantly. There was a significant decrease in hemodynamic parameter of HRrest after the training. The average values of the parameters of aerobic capacity of transport system (VO2SL, VO2SL.kg-1, METSL) did not change significantly. Parameters of performance (WSL, WSL.kg-1) significantly increased (p < 0,05) after the training. The average values of the parameters of performance (RPPrest, RPPSL) did not change significantly.


Received: 18-01-2021 Revised: 06-02-2021 Accepted: 07-02-2021 Published: 13-02-2021 Abstract: The essence of sleep is to keep life in balance, ensuring that energy used during day time will also be replenished by resting at night. However, when sleep is interrupted and unable to achieve a blissful rest, it may compromise the health and unfolding tasks that teenagers need to accomplish. Young adults need at least 8 to 10 hours of sleep. Thus, grade 12 Science, Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, and Mathematics (STEAM) students from Silliman University Senior High School in the Philippines answered the online questionnaire on sleep deprivation, which correlates with sleep with academic performance. For nearly eight hours, these respondents in school were swamped with several academic tasks even after class hours leaving so little time to sleep. While this study reveals that sleep deprivation may affect academic performance, the study obtains 95% confidence that respondents show a mean between 6.85 hours and 7.40 hours 6. This indicates the respondents may occasionally lack 1 to 2 hours of sleep from the required average of 8 to 10 hours of rest. Also, it illustrates no linear correlation between the number of hours of sleep and the general average. This further demonstrates that students can sacrifice a portion of their sleep to have their desired grades and be accustomed to the lack of sleep and difficult academic tasks. Aside from that, 17 respondents are not sleep deprived. At the same time, 70% have partial sleep deprivation where most of their time is spent studying for exams, doing school projects, using social media, and video gaming. The top three outcomes of sleep deprivation are exhaustion, fatigue, and pessimism and succeeded by health risks, as well as a decline in thinking. Thus, to minimize having debt in sleep is to have time management, establish a comfortable sleeping environment, and less time on social media. The study concludes that there is no correlation between sleep and academic performance.


To perform experiments on the Laser Megajoule (LMJ) [1, 2], targets are build up and developed with dimensional specifications ranging from nanometric to millimetric scale. Additive manufacturing becomes an important process to realize target element or target assembly tools. To match stringent specifications, accurate systems of characterization are used to characterize targets and manufactured micro-tools. Micro X-Ray computed tomography is a powerful instrument of control and information acquisition for manufactured products. This technology can be useful in the validation of geometric parameters which are difficult to obtain with other metrology systems. It allows characterizing internal defects volume and geometry. The obtained tomographic volume is analyzed with a post processing visualization tool. This work highlights improvements of the characterization of 3D printed target element, with complex shapes, by computed tomography. Results are presented and detailed.


Article info: Received: 30 January 2015 Accepted: 6 July 2015 ABSTRACT Characterization of the pollen allergens and identification of the main T-cell and Bcell epitopes is of crucial importance, since the clarification of the cellular and molecular mechanisms will allow long-term control of this type allergic diseases and development of safe immunotherapeutic medication. The objective of this study was to identify which pollen allergens are responsible for the T-cell activation in atopic patients with pollinosis and to determine whether the same allergens are responsible for the IgE-mediated reactions. Thirty-seven patients with pollinosis and thirteen non-allergic subjects were recruited. Peripheral blood samples were collected out of the pollen season. T-cell responses (IFN-γ production) towards different pollen allergens and levels of pollen specific IgE and IgG in the sera were measured by ELISA. The T-cell reactivity in most patients was directed towards the grass pollen B1, tree pollen I and autumn pollen B5. 70% of the allergic individuals responded to allergens from Lolium perenne, 84% to Dactylis glomerata, 11% to Phleum pratense, 65% to Betula pendula and 70% to Taxus baccata. Elevated serum levels of specific IgE in the allergic patients (p<0.01) were measured against the tree pollen I and autumn pollen, which include widespread deciduous trees (birch, willow, poplar and yew) and Artemisia absinthium, respectively. Our results show that the Tcell reactivity and antibody responses may be directed towards different or the same allergens. In addition, we propose that short synthetic peptides, which contain overlapping Tand B-cell epitopes can be used for specific immunotherapy treatment if they lack antibody recognition domains.


8. D. MacKenzie and B. Barnes, 'Scientific Judgement: The BiometryMendelism Controversy', in Barnes and S. Shapin (eds), Natural Order: Historical Studies of Scientific Culture (London and Beverly Hills, Calif.: Sage, 1979), 191-210; Barnes and MacKenzie, 'On the Role of Interests in Scientific Change', in R. Wallis (ed.), On the Margins of Science: The Social Construction of Rejected Knowledge (Keele, Staffs.: University of Keele, Sociological Review Monograph No. 27, 1979), 49-66.


Significance
 The election of a highly fragmented legislature will help President Martin Vizcarra steer a package of political and judicial reforms through Congress in his last 18 months in office. It ends the effective hegemony of the pro-Fujimori Fuerza Popular (Popular Force, FP) party, which won an absolute majority of seats in 2016. With the exception of Accion Popular (Popular Action, AP), voters have rejected Peru's more established parties, whose reputations have been tarnished by corruption in recent years.

 Impacts
 Such old established parties as the PPC and APRA will be unrepresented in Congress.
 High levels of voter dissatisfaction will continue to generate space for outsider candidates.
 The 2021 presidential contest is unpredictable.


A Catechumen and a Forming of his Relation to the Church and to the World: an Analysis of the Issue on the Basis of Selected Ancient Baptismal Catecheses. This article attempts to analyze the place of a catechumen in the world based on the selected ancient pre-baptismal and mystagogical catecheses. Its references to the instructions issued by catechists from the 4th century (Cyril of Jerusalem, John Chrysostom, Theodore of Mopsuestia and Augustine of Hippo) aim to show how those authors present a candidate's rela-


Copper Y zeolites were dehydrated under vacuum and their e.s.r. spectra recorded at different intermediate stages of the dehydration. The results show a complex evolution of spectra, with the occurrence of several symmetric and asymmetric bands, some of which have been overlooked in the previous literature. Use is made of band broadening by oxygen and of numeric subtraction of the spectra, in order to isolate these bands and to determine their shapes. In this way, two symmetric peaks and five asymmetric bands are characterized; apart from these, there are CuII ions which do not appear in the spectrum. Discussion of these results leads to the proposal of a detailed dehydration scheme, in which all the detected bands are tentatively assigned to differently coordinated copper species in several lattice sites.


A kind of capacitive divider,which is used to measure high votalge pulse, has been built.Analysis of theory and experiment have shown that the frequency of high voltage pulse affect attenuation ratio of capacitive divider. This capacitive divider has been used to measure the resonant wave of Tesla transforer tape electron beam accelerator, and measured result accord with analysis of theory.


At least two medium mist sprays are formed, present inside the vicinity of at least the spray point or the spray point of the at least one of the two medium mist sprays first spray (S1) is a second medium mist spray (S2) , a method of spraying medium mist, especially a medium mist used in firefighting wide area. During the formation of the spray (S1, S2), at least, before the outlet opening (5, 13) of the nozzle used to form each spray (S1, S2), and / or, at least, sprays (S1 , before the S2) are mixed together with each other, the medium is subjected to orbiting motion, also by turning direction different spray (S1, S2) are opposite to each other, it is preferably a uniform mist spray spread over a wide area achieved It is.


This article reports experimental values of refractive index nD , density ρ, speed of sound u, isentropic compressibility κs, excess molar volume of mixing V E, deviations of refractive index δnD and isentropic compressibility δκs of the binary mixture n-hexane + n-alkane from T = (288.15 to 323.15) K and atmospheric condition. The corresponding excess derived property was computed from the experimental data. Parameters of analytical expressions which represent the composition dependences of the derived property are reported. Values of physical properties were compared with the results obtained by different prediction methods.


The thermodynamic theory of ultrathin lubricant film melting, confined between two atomically flat solid surfaces has been investigated. The film melts when the temperature or shear stress exceeds the critical value. For the system kinetics investigation the mechanical analogue of the simple tribological system has been considered. The stick-slip motion mode is shown to be realized as a result of periodic second-order phase transitions. The behaviour of the system governed by external parameters has been studied.


Objective Depression is characterized with long disease length, whereas one major disadvantage of current mainstream treatment of depression is a high rate of relapse and recurrence. A sustained antidepressant activity is proposed to facilitate the prevention of relapse/recurrence. Here we compared the long-term antidepressant effect of Yueju, a traditional Chinese medicine formula, and a conventional antidepressant, fluoxetine, as well as revealing the underlying mechanism of long-term antidepressant effect of Yueju. Methods Clinical long-term depression condition was modelled by using chronic learned helplessness (cLH) protocol in ICR strain mice. The short-term and long-term antidepressant effects of drugs were assessed with learned helplessness (LH), tail suspension test (TST), forced swim test (FST), and novelty-suppressed feeding (NSF) test. The expression of PKA, CaMKII signaling, and NR1, the NMDA receptor subunit, in hippocampus was determined. A CaMKII inhibitor (KN-62) was used to assess the role of CaMKII signaling in antidepressant effects of Yueju or fluoxetine. Results In the mice exposed to chronic learned helplessness (cLH) procedure, administration of Yueju or fluoxetine for 3 weeks elicited comparable antidepressant effects, indicated by learned helplessness test, as well as TST and NSF. However, 5 days after termination of the 3-week-long drug administration, only mice previously treated with Yueju still showed the alleviation of depressive-like behaviors. At this time, the downregulation of PKA and p-CaMKII/CaMKII and upregulation of NMDA receptor subunit NR1 in the hippocampus were normalized in animals previously treated with Yueju. In contrast, none of the expressions of these proteins were changed in mice previously treated with fluoxetine. Interestingly, an administration of KN-62 blunted the antidepressant effect of Yueju. Conclusion These findings showed the sustained antidepressant efficacy of chronic treatment with routine dose of Yueju and the CaMKII signaling activation may play a critical role in the sustained antidepressant response.


Due to its industrial importance, experimental information on the Cu-O-Pb-H system has been revised and a detailed analysis of thermodynamic aspects related to the Cu-rich part of the system is presented. The solidification path at thermodynamic equilibrium is presented as a function of several casting parameters, and the consequences on the final microstructure of the ingot are analyzed.


In this article, the author discusses in detail how Erich Fromm's categories can help describe Trump's character, or 'temperament', a word used to characterize a major flaw in Trump during the 2016 U.S. presidential campaign and his rule as president. In The Anatomy of Human Destructiveness (1973), Fromm engages in a detailed analysis of the authoritarian character as sadistic, excessively narcissistic, malignantly aggressive, vengeably destructive, and necrophiliac, personality traits arguably applicable to Trump. In the following analysis, the author systematically deploys key Frommian socio-psychoanalytic categories to Trump and his followers to show how they can illuminate Trump and authoritarian populism. Kellner argues that while Trump does not have a full-fledged fascist ideology, or fascist party apparatus, he possesses an authoritarian personality and has a mass authoritarian movement that represents a form of rightwing populism. This analysis illustrates the continuing relevance of the Frankfurt school analysis of the authoritarian personality and Erich Fromm's work in analyzing authoritarian personalities and movements.


A localized small force provides a unique non invasive probe based on both the structure of the force chain network and the response of granular matter.In this work,quasistatic packings of 30000 spherical particles confined within a 2m×1m×0.01m container are simulated by using discrete element method.The sizes of particles are 0.01 m,0.008 m and 0.006 m,respectively,and the number of particles of each size is 10 000. A localized force is exerted on one of the top layer particles with a small magnitude of 5.2×10~(-2)N,which is 100 times of the weight of the largest particle with the size of 0.01 m in order to ensure that the granular material keeps still.The results show strong heterogeneous pathways of force propagation and the fluctuations of force are evident.With the increase of the distance from the exerted particle,the force fluctuations are reduced.The calculated stress values agree with the Flamant solutions of stress as the distance is more than 5 times the size of the largest particle.The effect of surface friction of particles is discussed.The preliminary results indicate that a larger friction coefficient leads to more uniform stress distributions.


for their guidance, patience and support throughout my undergraduate and graduate research activities with every aspect. I would like to thank the committee member of this thesis, Prof. Keisuke Nakano. His valuable comments was very helpful for the progress in this thesis. for encouragements and supports. This thesis would not have been possible without their supports. Although there have appeared no names here, I thank to all individuals in Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering and Electronic Engineering and Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, my friends and relatives for their generous support. Finally, I would like to my special appreciation to my family.


Analysing the Holter recordings collected at baseline during the European Myocardial Infarction Amiodarone Trial (EMIAT), we evaluate the possibility of using /spl alpha/, the slope of the power spectrum of heart rate variability signals (HRV) in the vicinity of f=0, for postinfarction risk stratification. We found no relevant difference in the values of /spl alpha/ for the placebo population. On the contrary, in the amiodarone arm, the distinction in the survival rates of those with high or low /spl alpha/-values was highly significant. Moreover, high risk patients with respect to /spl alpha/ (higher values) did not seem to benefit from amiodarone. The results suggest that /spl alpha/ might convey physiologic information that is different than what is expressed by other HRV characteristics, such as the triangular index. When combining high risk patients in term of triangular index (<20) and low risk patients with respect to /spl alpha/ (<median), the difference in survival on placebo and amiodarone became very substantial (24.2% mortality on placebo, 8.7% on amiodarone, p=0.017). This might offer a possibility of selecting patients likely to benefit from a prophylactic antiarrhythmic treatment after acute myocardial infarction.


defect of the intestines. The intestines are a tube that connects the stomach, moves food, and ends at the anus. Atresia is complete blockage of the intestines, whereas stenosis is partial blockage. The blockage most often occurs in part of the small intestine, which is divided into three sections: the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. Some babies have atresia of the large intestine, also called the colon. Intestinal atresia may be given a more specific name for what part of the small intestine is blocked. For example, blockage in the duodenum would be called "duodenal atresia".


The present invention relates to an electronic tag for animal collar for use to facilitate fitting the collar for animals and do not release Oh the electronic tag with a variety of information recorded in the animal into the animal body part or of the medal. The present invention has a predetermined thickness, compared to the vertical consisting of a rectangular shape formed long is horizontal while that is an electronic chip 111 is embedded in the inner body portion 110 to accomplish this; A first engaging portion (120) at least two first coupling hole 121 in the plane direction perpendicular to the body section 110 is through-formed to be spaced apart along the width direction of the body 110; And the first engagement portion 120 and an orthogonal second coupling hole doedoe comprising the body part to be symmetrical to the 110 vertical bilateral sides of, the left and right length than the first coupling hole 121 formed largely through the ( any one of the composed, including, one another to correspond to an animal collar which is formed in different widths of the first coupling portion 120 or the second engaging section 130; 131), the second engaging portion 130 is provided with a the one to be installed by selectively fitting the features.


In higher education programs that train students for professions with high standards of safety, such as aviation, shipping and healthcare, exercises in simulated environments provide opportunities for training in educational settings. This study explores the use of simulators in maritime education, taking an interest in how navigation training is achieved by using simulated environments. By conducting an interaction analysis of video data, the study examines how training students to coordinate with other vessels in traffic is topicalized in simulator exercises, focusing on discourses of temporality in instructions. The results show how instruction during simulations is a continuous interactional achievement built on the ability to assess the fit between the assessment criteria at work in the specifics of the situation and the ongoing tasks as they unfold. During simulations temporality becomes a matter for instruction, both when assessing how to develop the students' understanding and as a topic in its own right. The results highlight tightly coupled relationships among tasks, instruction and technology. The implications for simulator-based training call for refocusing on training tasks rather than specific skills, and emphasize the importance of professional guidance in order to guide the students toward the discourses of maritime work practice in simulator-based training.


Abstract – NIST has reduced the uncertainty of its 34 L and 677 L Pressure-Volume-Temperaturetime (PVTt) primary flow standards from 0.05 % to 0.025 % (k = 2) for air flow in the range from 0.01 slm to 2000 slm. Over the restricted range from 0.1 slm to 1000 slm, the uncertainty was reduced to 0.015 %. The reductions in uncertainty were primarily the result of accurately accounting for the water vapor present in the flowing air. Additional uncertainty reductions result from improved measurements of the pressure and of the collection tank volumes. The latter two improvements slightly reduced flow uncertainties for dry gases (e.g., N2, Ar, He, and CO2) from 0.03 % to 0.025 % in the wider range.


Aim. To study the effect of a high-fat, high-carbohydrate diet on retinal morphology of young and old rats in the experiment.Materials and methods. The study was carried out on male Wistar rats aged 60 and 450 days at the beginning of the experiment. The animals were divided into 4 groups: group 1 (n = 14) included intact rats aged 150 days at the end of the experiment; group 2 (n = 14) encompassed rats (60 days old) fed with a high-fat, high-carbohydrate diet (HFHCD) for 90 days; group 3 (n = 14) included intact rats (450 days old) receiving a standard diet for 90 days; group 4 (n = 14) included rats (450 days old) fed with HFHCD for 90 days. Immunoassay and histology were used in the work.Results. HFHCD resulted in an increase in glucose concentration in animals of both age groups. In old animals, it caused a pronounced increase in the content of insulin, TGFβ, and fibronectin in the blood serum, neovascularization of outer retinal layers, as well as karyopyknosis and death of neurosensory cells, leading to destruction of photoreceptors and drastic thinning of the outer nuclear and outer plexiform layers. In young rats fed with HFHCD, no pronounced histologic disorders of the retina were noted.Conclusion. HFHCD enhances age-related retinal changes in old (450-day-old) rats.


Endoxan in 62 cases of malignant disease. In general they began with intravenous treatment at a dosage of 150-200 mg. daily, which was tolerated without serious side-effects. They continued dosage with the compound by mouth. Dosage tended to be limited rather by subjective complaints such as loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting or vertigo rather than objective findings of a destruction of granulocytes. Out of the 62 cases treated, they record a granulocytopenia only in six, the lowest value being 750 per c.mm. In two cases there was a loss of hair. There was no untoward effect on serum proteins or on liver function. Their series contained patients with lymphosarcoma in which extensive remissions were obtained, beginning only a few days after the onset of treatment. In melanosarcoma and plasmocytoma results are not striking, but in Hodgkin's disease a favourable effect on the disease was noted, though not to the same extent as in lymphosarcoma. Indeed, in the last-named condition, results were better than those with ordinary nitrogen mustard, TEM, or other better-known chemotherapeutic agents. Myeloid leukaemia was not so favourably influenced as by Colcemid or Myleran. Out of 21 cases of carcinoma with metastases beyond surgical or radiotherapeutic aid, nine could be followed up and studied for a significant period; one of these responded well with a remarkable remission, three showed a doubtful remission, and five gave no response. It is suggested that courses of this drug might be given for prevention of recurrence after tumour surgery, possibly alternately with radiotherapy.


Disease of modern civilization,also known as lifestyle diseases,such as rich man's disease or chronic illness,not caused by bacteria or virus,but a life as a result of the pressure and tension,as well as nutritional imbalance,coupled with a lack of exercise,long-term cumulative a class of diseases.Thus,with the progress of our society increasingly concerned about their health and fitness,incorrect method will be adversely affected their health,and the use of exercise prescription for fitness activities can provide a scientific basis.So campaign groups achieve the best effect of physical exercise and effective disease prevention.


Seeding 2D crystals Small, single crystals are often used to direct the growth of larger, bulk single crystals. Xu et al. modified these methods to grow single-crystal films of a two-dimensional (2D) semiconductor, 2H molybdenum ditelluride (2H MoTe2), on an amorphous glass surface. After coating the wafer with a 1T′ MoTe2 film, a small 2H MoTe2 crystallite was placed on the wafer. The wafer was capped with an alumina film, except for a small hole above the seed region that allowed entry of additional tellurium during the heating process that drove the phase transition and epitaxial growth of 2H MoTe2. Science, this issue p. 195 Growth of a single crystal of semiconducting 2H MoTe2 on an amorphous wafer was triggered by a single seed crystal. The integration of two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals semiconductors into silicon electronics technology will require the production of large-scale, uniform, and highly crystalline films. We report a route for synthesizing wafer-scale single-crystalline 2H molybdenum ditelluride (MoTe2) semiconductors on an amorphous insulating substrate. In-plane 2D-epitaxy growth by tellurizing was triggered from a deliberately implanted single seed crystal. The resulting single-crystalline film completely covered a 2.5-centimeter wafer with excellent uniformity. The 2H MoTe2 2D single-crystalline film can use itself as a template for further rapid epitaxy in a vertical manner. Transistor arrays fabricated with the as-prepared 2H MoTe2 single crystals exhibited high electrical performance, with excellent uniformity and 100% device yield.


By efficient nanoscale plasma etching, the nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond were brought to the sample surface step by step successfully. At each depth, we measured the ratios of spin coherence times before and after applying external spins on the surface, which reflected the contribution of external spins to the decoherence, and then investigated the relationships between depth and ratios. The values of ratios declined and then rose with the decreasing depth, which was attributed to the decoherence influenced by external spins, surface spins, discrete surface spin effects, and electric field noise. Moreover, our work experimentally and theoretically revealed a characteristic depth at which the NV center would experience relatively the strongest decoherence caused by external spins in consideration of inevitable surface spins. And the characteristic depth was found depending on the local environments of NV centers and the density of surface spins.


Toxoglossate marine gastropods, traditionally assigned to the families Conidae, Terebridae, and Turridae, are one of the most populous animal groups that use venom to capture their prey. These marine animals are generally characterized by a venom apparatus that consists of a muscular venom bulb and a tubular venom gland. The toxoglossan radula, often compared with a hypodermic needle for its use as a conduit to inject toxins into prey, is considered a major anatomical breakthrough that assisted in the successful initial radiation of these animals in the Cretaceous and early Tertiary. The pharmacological success of toxins from cone snails has made this group a star among biochemists and neuroscientists, but very little is known about toxins from the other Toxoglossa, and the phylogeny of these families is largely in doubt. Here we report the first molecular phylogeny for the Terebridae and use the results to infer the evolution of the venom apparatus for this group. Our findings indicate that most of the genera of terebrids are polyphyletic, and one species ("Terebra" (s.l.) jungi) is the sister group to all other terebrids. Molecular analyses combined with mapping of venom apparatus morphology indicate that the Terebridae have lost the venom apparatus at least twice during their evolution. Species in the genera Terebra and Hastula have the typical venom apparatus found in most toxoglossate gastropods, but all other terebrid species do not. For venomous organisms, the dual analysis of molecular phylogeny and toxin function is an instructive combination for unraveling the larger questions of phylogeny and speciation. The results presented here suggest a paradigm shift in the current understanding of terebrid evolution, while presenting a road map for discovering novel terebrid toxins, a largely unexplored resource for biomedical research and potential therapeutic drug development.


Background: Sleeping problems and depression are more common in patients with
chronic kidney disease (CKD) than the general population. The primary objective of this
cross-sectional study was to test factors associated with sleep disturbances, depression,
and quality of life among patients with CKD.
Methods: We recruited patients with CKD who lived in the St. John's area from
September 2012 to December 2012. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the
Berlin Questionnaire (BQ), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), the Beck Depression
Inventory Fast-Screen for Medical Patients (BDI-FS), and the Short Form 36 Quality of
Life Health Survey Questions (SF-36) were administered to all participants. A chart
review was performed for the patients' demographics, diagnoses, medication lists, and
certain laboratory parameters—including blood glucose, hemoglobin, albumin, calcium,
phosphate, parathyroid hormone, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (e-GFR).
Logistic regression models were employed to estimate odds ratios (OR) with 95%
confidence intervals (CI).
Results: The sample had a total of 303 patients (41% female and 99% Caucasian). One
hundred and seventeen (39%) patients were labeled as poor sleepers with the PSQI, while
157 (51.8%) patients had high risk for sleep apnea in the study cohort. Physical
component scores (PCS) and mental component scores (MCS) of the SF-36 questionnaire
were significantly lower in the dialysis group when compared to the non-dialysis group.
iii
A higher risk for impaired sleep was associated with being a female and on
antidepressants and/or benzodiazepine or non-benzodiazepine hypnotic agents.
Conclusions: Sleep problems and depression are common in kidney patients. Women are
more prone to sleeping problems than their male counter-parts. Furthermore, people who
have low MCS scores are more prone to impaired sleep or vice versa.


The study assesses the impact of the first package of the Tax Reform for Acceleration and Inclusion (or TRAIN), which includes an increase in petroleum and coal excise taxes, passed by Congress in 2017. The study also reviews the context of the energy sector in the country given that petroleum and coal are the largest sources of energy in the country. Using a computable general equilibrium- microsimulation model, this paper focused on the impact of the increase in petroleum and coal excise taxes and the whole TRAIN 1 package (which includes a reduction in the personal income tax and the broadening of the value added tax). Results from the simulations indicate a slight adverse output effect for most industries under an increase in petroleum and coal taxes scenario. Under the whole TRAIN package, the output effects are slightly positive, especially for the several agriculture and service sectors, resulting in a higher level of carbon emissions. There is a slight rise in employment under the whole package, but poverty incidence increases slightly as excise taxes have an adverse effect in terms of higher commodities prices among the poor.


The aim of this review is to summarize the effects of carbohydrate consumption on endurance sports. Due to the promotion of physical activity by health authorities, participation in endurance sports is increasing. Regardless of the level, athletes look for ways to optimize their performance through training and nutrition. In consequence, research in the field of sports nutrition has focused on those strategies that can improve performance. Fatigue during prolonged exercise is associated with depletion of muscle glycogen and reduced blood glucose concentrations. Therefore, carbohydrate feeding during exercise has shown that it can improve capacity and performance, because it helps maintain blood glucose levels, as well as, increase carbohydrate oxidation rates and preserve glycogen, finding better results when are consumed multiple-tranportable carbohydrates for absortion (e.g., fructose and glucose), since in this way is possible to increase absorption rates, gastric emptying and fluid absorption, in addition to decrease gastrointestinal distress.


Interfacial delamination has become one of the key reliability issues in the microelectronic industry and therefore is getting more and more attention. The analysis of delamination of a laminate structure with a crack along the interface is central to the characterization of interfacial toughness. Due to the mismatch in mechanical properties of the materials adjacent to the interface and also possible asymmetry of loading and geometry, usually the crack propagates under mixed mode conditions. In this study, the interface delamination toughness of an epoxy molding compound and copper lead frame interface is characterized. The test specimen is directly obtained from a production process line. As a consequence, the specimen dimensions are relatively small and therefore a dedicated small-size test set-up was designed and fabricated. The test setup is suitable for actualizing both pure mode I DCB (double cantilever beam) loading and pure mode II ENF (end notched flexure) loading and allows transferring two separated loadings (mode I and mode II) on a single specimen. The setup is flexible and adjustable for measuring specimens with various dimensions. For measurements under various temperatures and moisture conditions, a special climate chamber is designed. The "current crack length" is required for the interpretation of measurement results through FEM-fracture mechanics simulations. Therefore, during testing the "current crack length" is captured using a CCD camera. The critical fracture properties are obtained by interpreting the experimental results through dedicated finite element modeling.


A balance is proposed, which allows the calibration of weights in a continuous range from 1 mg to 1 kg using a fixed value of the Planck constant, h. This so-called Planck-Balance (PB) uses the physical approach of Kibble balances that allow the Planck constant to be derived from the mass. Using the PB no calibrated mass standards are required during weighing processes any longer, because all measurements are traceable via the electrical quantities to the Planck constant, and to the meter and the second. This allows a new approach of balance types after the expected redefinition of the SI-units by the end of 2018. In contrast to many scientific oriented developments, the PB is focused on robust and daily use. Therefore, two balances will be developed, PB2 and PB1, which will allow relative measurement uncertainties comparable to the accuracies of class E2 and E1 weights, respectively, as specified in OIML R 111-1. The balances will be developed in a cooperation of the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) and the Technische Universität Ilmenau in a project funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research.


Values of spinwave linewidths derived from measured instability fields for parallel, perpendicular, and oblique pumping butterfly curves in polycrystalline yttrium iron garnet are compared to the theory of Sawado for spinwave scattering by nonmagnetic pores. Reasonable agreement is obtained for a spinwave linewidth of the form ΔH k = A + BΔH k (P), where A and B are parameters which depend on both the pumping angle and the sample microstructure, and ΔH k (p) is the normalized, wavevector dependent pore scattering linewidth of Sawado. A model based on grain boundary scattering is not consistent with the data.


The aim of the studies was to determine the influence of copper on acetochlor degradation in soil. The experiment was carried out in laboratory conditions (plant growth chamber). Acetochlor was applied to two different soils (similar textures, pH, organic carbon content and contrasting copper content: soil contaminated by copper and soil with low copper concentration). Soil samples were taken for analyses 1 hour (initial concentration) and 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64 and 96 days after treatment. Acetochlor residue was analysed using GC/ECD (gas chromatography with electron capture detector). Good linearity was found between logarithmic concentration of acetochlor residues and time. The differences in copper content influenced the acetochlor decay in soil. Values of DT50 obtained in the experiment varied from 9 to 22 days. A high concentration of copper in soil slowed down of acetochlor degradation (the DT50 value was higher – 22 days).


AbstractThe energy consumption of cutter head drives accounts for over half of their total power capacity, and it can reach several thousand kilowatts in shield machines. The analysis of the energy...


We discuss the broadband design of high-efficiency GaN power amplifiers (PAs) using continuous modes. A Machine Learning approach to the full EM-based optimization of a hybrid design is first outlined and demonstrated experimentally. We then consider the challenges of achieving high efficiency in a broadband integrated PA, including the features of GaN transistors that facilitate broadband operation. It is shown that proper sizing of transistor can lead to an optimum load resistance close to 50fl, thereby extending the bandwidth of the output matching network of the PA in an integrated environment. We present techniques to realize the continuous-mode operation in an integrated GaN PA, with low loss and compact chip size. Finally, we show predicted results for the integrated GaN PA implementation.


The invention discloses a multi-layer belt type drying system. The multi-layer belt type drying system comprises a drying box with an exhaust port in the top and multiple layers of transmission net belts in the drying box, wherein the input end of the lower-layer transmission net belt is connected with the output end of the adjacent upper-layer transmission net belt, and a plurality of circulation fans are arranged under each layer of transmission net belt. A horizontal separation plate dividing the drying box into a drying chamber and a cooling chamber is arranged in the drying box, an air feeding port is formed in the bottom of the cooling chamber, a draught fan used for exhausting the air is arranged inside the cooling chamber, the air feeding port and the draught fan are arranged at two sides of the transmission net belts, a heater is arranged in the drying chamber, an air inlet of the heater is communicated with an air outlet of the draught fan, and a plurality of air outlets corresponding to the transmission net belts in the drying chamber one to one are formed in the heater. The multi-layer belt type drying system is simple in structure and reasonable in arrangement, preheats a heating medium by recycling waste heat of off gas and utilizing dried upgrading materials with high temperature, and lowers the energy consumption in the drying process.


Transportation infrastructure investment (TII) has significant influence on regional economic development. This paper aims to measure the potential economic impact of TII and to help policymakers to evaluate different alternatives and strategies at the regional level through a system dynamics (SD) approach. First, an SD model is established to simulate the impact of TII on the economy and employment. The relationship between transportation investments and economic development is examined and the relevant employment and economic indicators are identified. Second, the variables, flow diagrams, and structural equations of the SD model are defined. Third, the program Vensim is employed to establish the SD model with economy, transportation, and employment subsystems. It is then calibrated based on the historical statistics data in Liaoning Province, China. Finally, scenario analysis of different transportation investment plans is presented. The results will help investors, policymakers, and government agencies to estimate the potential outcomes of proposed transportation investment plans and to further develop optimal policies for transportation investment.


In this 21st century, with increasing population, markets and industries, and large production, usage of plastic bags has rapidly increased. On the counter side, plastic is non-biodegradable and is toxic. Further, people dump plastic bags at many places which results in environmental degradation. These bags are sometimes consumed by domestic animals, leading to their death. . An alternate solution to this problem is the deployment of paper bags, in place of plastic bags. However, existing paper bag machines are expensive (INR 3, 00,000) and even are the paper used for making the bag. Further the existing machine technology occupies large space, as big as a hall and it is even very difficult to shift it from place to place. So, in this paper, we have come up with a solution: A portable low-cost paper-bag machine that uses news-paper to build paper-bag. The news-paper will be fed into the machine via human assistance. For folding, bar mechanism is used. The arrangement of bar is such that When paper is pass through conveyor it fold automatically and to maintain the pressure roller bearing are used. Being controlled by the AC motor paper pouch is created. This paper is structured as follows: Section II describes the block diagram, Section III describes working, and Section IV describes Tools review, Section V describes Results and Conclusion, Section VI future improvements and Section VII lists out references.


Quilibrium-state and steady-state are the basic hypotheses in enzyme kinetics.In this paper,a hypothesis of extreme value theory is given to overcome fault of hypothesis of quilibrium-state and steady-state and to extend the range of application of enzyme kinetics. The extreme value theory is explained by the Mechaelis-Menten quation.


In this paper two adaptive methods, the self-tuning regulator and the adaptive tracking method, are compared in performance when applied to a two-degree-of-freedom robotic manipulator handling a load of unknown mass. The comparisons are based on digital simulations of the robot with load, the control algorithms and the adaptation algorithms. Both methods yielded stable system performance; however, the adaptive tracking algorithm showed faster convergence in adjusting to a sudden change in load mass. Further, implementation of this method did not require measurement of joint angle accelerations whereas the self-tuning regulator method did. In summary, the adaptive tracking algorithm appears to be superior for applications of this type.<<ETX>>


It is necessary and feasible that a new round of ore prospecting efforts should be made within the old Bajiazi lead-zinc(Pb-Zn) mine, because the gradual exhaustion of the resources arising from only minging but not prospecting indispensable reserves has brought out the mine being faced the corner of its closedown.But the potential and scope of oresearching is still great althongh orefinding work has been carried out several times,and detecting a new kind of commodity ,the molybdenum minerals also added to the confidence and chances of exploring a new ore deposit again.


Nurses in Australia are required to undertake continuing professional education (CPE) in order to maintain registration. There are opportunities for university nursing programs to partner with organisations who employ advanced practice nurses in providing continuing education.


Abstract : The merger of National, Theater and Cruise missile defense into the Integrated Missile Defense (IMD) architecture is flawed in how it addresses the regional threat posed by theater ballistic missiles. Theater ballistic missiles provide little or no prior warning to launch and have significantly shorter flight times than inter-continental ballistic missiles. The centralized command and control system evolving for the IMD architecture is sub-optimized for theater missile threat characteristics. This paper examines two notional cases of a theater threat to investigate this theory. It is proposed that a centrally developed theater engagement priority list, developed by the entity conducting national missile defense with input from Regional Combatant Commanders, be developed and decentrally executed by Regional Combatant Commanders. This architecture will allow the most efficient response to a theater threat by streamlining the engagement timeline and providing Regional Commanders more latitude in the deployment of forces that are OPCON to them.


Croydon Tramlink is a new light rail transit system located in South London on the verge of implementation. The system will be financed mainly privately, and operated with no subsidy. The project was originally conceived during the mid 1980s and since then, and in record time for any British scheme, has been developed to the point of tender and contract award. During the last 2 years, the project has seen participation from three European private sector companies representing a major challenge and the formation of a unique joint venture. This paper describes the rationale and mechanism behind the joint venture, reviews some of the general and commercial issues presented, and focuses on a selection of the technical challenges.


In this paper we present a new integrable deformation of the Hubbard model. Our deformation gives rise to a range 3 interaction term in the Hamiltonian which does not preserve spin or particle number. This is the first non-trivial medium range deformation of the Hubbard model that is integrable. Our model can be mapped to a new integrable nearest-neighbour model via a duality transformation. The resulting nearest-neighbour model also breaks spin conservation. We compute the RR-matrices for our models, and find that there is a very unusual dependence on the spectral parameters in terms of the elliptic amplitude.


ABSTRACT For decades, policymakers deliberated whether student perception surveys (SPS) should be a component of teacher evaluation programmes in schools. However, much research has focused on SPS' reliability and validity, and little is known about teachers' interpretation of SPS or what preparation should be instituted before administering such surveys. Guided by a qualitative descriptive/interpretive approach, this paper draws upon 20 teacher interviews from different public schools in 14 US states. Teachers' understanding of SPS appeared to provide insight into their self-efficacy beliefs in accountability-driven systems. Taking the perspective of principals illustrated teachers' valuing SPS mostly as formative assessment. SPS also stood as isolated voice-based forms of evaluation, offering limited understanding of the educational processes when disconnected from an inclusive 360-degree feedback culture, grounded in principles of reciprocity and even-handedness. The paper holds promise for policymakers, implementers and educators seeking to buttress support for the use of voice initiatives in schools.


Introduces gradient descent methods applied to meta-learning (learning how to learn) in neural networks. Meta-learning has been of interest in the machine learning field for decades because of its appealing applications to intelligent agents, non-stationary time series, autonomous robots, and improved learning algorithms. Many previous neural network-based approaches toward meta-learning have been based on evolutionary methods. We show how to use gradient descent for meta-learning in recurrent neural networks. Based on previous work on fixed-weight learning neural networks, we hypothesize that any recurrent network topology and its corresponding learning algorithm(s) is a potential meta-learning system. We tested several recurrent neural network topologies and their corresponding forms of backpropagation for their ability to meta-learn. One of our systems, based on the long short-term memory neural network developed a learning algorithm that could learn any two-dimensional quadratic function (from a set of such functions) after only 30 training examples.


This essay focuses on five pending reform items in the financial sector, namely, moving monetary policy to inflation targeting; modernising the delivery of financial services to the priority sectors and vulnerable and weaker sections; introducing capital account convertibility; moving to a streamlined financial regulatory architecture; and restructuring the banking industry.


Indoor localization is the vital technique for wireless sensor networks (WSNs) and is used in various applications where location of the sensor node is also essential. Current localization system such as global positioning system (GPS) is costly and lacks accuracy due to non-line of sight conditions inside the building. Therefore, widespread research work has been carried out on indoor localization techniques. In general, the indoor localization techniques are categorized into: a) range-based and b) range-free localization. In the last few years, research has been shifted towards cost effective accurate indoor localization using machine learning. In this paper, a new taxonomy called machine learning based indoor localization (MLBIL) techniques is recommended for the same. Moreover, an extensive survey of MLBIL techniques is also presented. Several such techniques with promising localization results are analyzed in this paper. Most of the key machine learning algorithms are utilized for MLBIL. Based on the feature(s) used, MLBIL techniques can be further categorized into three: a) Received signal strength (RSS) learning b) Non-RSS learning and c) Multiple features' learning. Key localization challenges are highlighted in this paper. Issues of anchor nodes' deployment, overall cost of the system, boundary node problem, and inaccurate measurements are also discussed. Support vector machine (SVM) algorithm and received signal strength indicator (RSSI) feature are commonly used for localization. It is because of easy availability of RSSI and suitable features of SVM e.g. kernel method and similarity function. It is recommended to use multiple features' learning under MLBIL for localization in complex scenarios. It is observed that use of appropriate filter along with machine learning algorithm can increase the localization accuracy.


Abstract : The world political, economic and military order is in a state of flux. The Cold War is over. Bipolar spheres of influence are the trappings of the past. In August 1991 , President Bush outlined a new defense strategy based on four major elements: deterrence, forward presence, crisis response, and reconstitution. This policy is mandated by the new world order that will require the U.S. defense force to be smaller, CONUS based, mobile, as well as versatile and balanced. In essence, the force must be trained and ready. This readiness infers mobility with a capability for power projection to defend U.S. interests anywhere in the world. Strategic mobility demands we build and deploy a force that can fight on arrival and continue long term operations. The required surge and sustainment implies a strategic sealift capable of implementing this national defense strategy. However, the U.S. strategic sealift capability is on hard times. Ships are aging in both the commercial and military fleets, merchant mariners are becoming fewer and fewer and economic factors hamstring Congress and the Department of Defense for competing issues. To meet our need for sealift new innovative business practices must be entertained to fund the fleet with at least supplemental, if not sustaining, revenues for future operations. A form of trust fund, a straight sealift fund, that supplements Congressional appropriations and aids our merchant marine industry is necessary. Revenues from leasing, sales, scrapping, and international burden sharing can be cycled to stay within a fund rather than be returned to a general fund destined to be at the whims of competing projects. The government must get on track for strategic sealift in the force capability process.


A distinctive feature of Carl Schmitt's legal thinking is the pivotal role that he grants political community. Against the background of Schmitt's particular conception of political community and the importance placed on its protection in a domestic law setting; this text highlights the imperative role of political community in Schmitt's thinking on questions of international law. By consistently relating Schmitt's work on international law to his own time but also stretching it into our own, the text argues that while Schmitt's insistence on political community may come across as parochial in present times of globalization, increasing traction of various universalisms and the liberal rule of law; we have not by any means overcome the force of political community in international law.


The antimicrobial effect of the wood vinegar of C. japonica sapwood and its constituents was evaluated against Ralstonia solanacearum, Phytophthora capsici, Fusarium oxvsporum, and Pythium splendens. Phenols and guaiacols had a strong antimicrobial effect against four kinds of microorganisms, but methanol and acetic acid exhibited little or no antimicrobial activity.


20.08.12 KB. Accepted version uploaded, ok to add to Spiral, 12 month embargo period (published Jan 2011) as elapsed. Thieme policy


Background: This study measured the long-term health-related quality of life of non-hospitalised COVID-19 cases with PCR-confirmed SARS CoV 2(+) infection using the recommended instrument in England (the EQ-5D). Methods: Prospective cohort study of SARS CoV 2(+) cases aged 12-85 years and followed up for six months from 01 December 2020, with cross-sectional comparison to SARS CoV 2(-) controls. Main outcomes were loss of quality-adjusted life days (QALDs); physical symptoms; and COVID-19-related private expenditures. We analysed results using multivariable regressions with post-hoc weighting by age and sex, and conditional logistic regressions for the association of each symptom and EQ-5D limitation on cases and controls. Results: Of 548 cases (mean age 41.1 years; 61.5% female), 16.8% reported physical symptoms at month 6 (most frequently extreme tiredness, headache, loss of taste and/or smell, and shortness of breath). Cases reported more limitations with doing usual activities than controls. Almost half of cases spent a mean of GBP18.1 on non-prescription drugs (median: GBP10.0), and 52.7% missed work or school for a mean of 12 days (median: 10). On average, all cases lost 15.9 (95%-CI: 12.1, 19.7) QALDs, while those reporting symptoms at month 6 lost 34.1 (29.0, 39.2) QALDs. Losses also increased with older age. Cumulatively, the health loss from morbidity contributes at least 21% of the total COVID-19-related disease burden in England. Conclusions: One in 6 cases report ongoing symptoms at 6 months, and 10% report prolonged loss of function compared to pre-COVID-19 baselines. A marked health burden was observed among older COVID-19 cases and those with persistent physical symptoms.


This research posits that recognizing and understanding metaphors in the source language (SL) and to reproduce them in the target language (TL) are not an easy task. If a translator does not understand the SL metaphor, s/he may miss the message, and/or transferred an erroneous message into the TL. As semantic novelties, metaphors pose considerable challenge as they are with no immediate equivalents in the TL. One aim of this study is to determine whether the selected translators have recognised metaphors. The other aim is to ascertain the translation procedures employed by them. The stories of Rostam in the Shahname provide the corpus for this study. Newmark's procedures for translating metaphors are used to identify the translation procedures utilised. The study also aims to ascertain whether the universality of archetypes is preserved in the translations of archetypal metaphors. Jung's theory of archetype is employed. The metaphors are randomly selected from existing lists and the equivalent "translated" metaphors are then identified in the selected translated English texts and comparatively analysed. The findings reveal that the failure to recognise metaphors is prevalent. There are mismatches in the universality of archetypes between the SL and the TL. The study underlines that the mechanism of the metaphors is different in Persian and English. Familiarity of these differences is imperative in appropriately recognizing the SL metaphors towards optimal understanding. In addition it highlights that existing procedures for translating metaphors appear inadequate. It is also found that connotative meanings of the images which are employed for the archetypes in the SL are very


In this paper, a delay tolerant approach for traffic management in LTE over satellite link is presented. Due to the long propagation delays and frequent disruptions, mobile satellite communications pose many challenges, especially to the transport layer when the TCP protocol is used. We design and evaluate the performance of a transport protocol solution based on the DTN architecture in the satellite-LTE system. Our proposal, named Tiny Bundle Layer, acts as an overlay on top of different versions of TCP in order to overcome the satellite link impairments.


This chapter advances alternative examples of masculinity in Shawn Wong's American knees, Li-Young Lee's Winged Seed, and Russell Leong's "Phoenix Eyes." These three works counter the "emasculation" of Asian men without falling into the trap of presenting aggressive or self-denigrating counterexamples. Wong's novel features a seductive lover whose eloquence and wit is reminiscent of Chinese poet-scholars. Lee's memoir of his father portrays a spellbinding Christian minister. Leong's short fiction depicts gay men who exemplify the "ethic of care" in the shadow of AIDS and in the light of Buddhism.


This paper first introduces the following: (1) the salt heaving test results of salty soil made artificially; (2) the dissolution characteristics and crystallization laws of sodium sulphate; (3) the influence of sodium chloride on the crystallization laws of sodium sulphate in solution; (4) the crystallization of sodium chloride and sodium sulphate in the solution in soil pores and soil mass swelling. Based on this, the salt heaving process curves of the sulphated salty soil containing sodium chloride are analyzed by being divided into four types, as well as the characteristics and formation reason for each type of the salt heaving process curves. The original temperature of the heaving soil, and the temperature of the soil when violently heaving, are discussed. The result of this paper can be used to judge the type of salt heaving process curves and to select the construction season.


Numerical solutions are presented for steady laminar two-dimensional natural convection in annuli between concentric and vertically eccentric horizontal circular cylinders with specified (constant) heat flux at the boundaries. The results encompass streamline and isotherm contours, temperature distributions on both cylinder boundaries, and average Nusselt numbers as functions of the modified Rayleigh number.


The pilot project SPEED (Safety by Prevention: Experience with and Engagement against Drugs) is a group counselling measure for drivers who have been identified as consumers of so called soft drugs (cannabis and in some exceptional cases amphetamines and their derivatives). The main aim of the group counselling is strict and long-term drug abstinence. This pilot project is an initiative of the RWTbeenV in co-operation with the Road Traffic Licensing Department (RTLD) in Wesel. Taking part in the group counselling, which takes seven months, is at the time being the only alternative to the commonly ordered medical-psychological aptitude test (MPU). The open discussions, exercises, and homework within the group focus on individual motives of drug consumption and alternative behaviour patterns in everyday life. The centre piece of the group work is the so called drug poster, which is designed as a 'drug-collage'. With the help of a preliminary psychological test it is decided whether the candidate fits into the program. Within the seven month period of group counselling three drug- screenings take place at random points of time. During and of course after having successfully completed SPEED the participants are allowed to keep their drivers license. For the covering abstract of the conference see ITRD E206917. (A)