Lushan Quaternary glacial theory,advocated by Professor Lee J. S. (Li Siguang),has been argued for a long time. The bone of contention focuses on which the boulder clay melange actually is:glacial moraine or debris flow deposits. After years of research,writer learned that:(1) The altitude of Guling station is 1165m. Ice formation at such altitude in Lushan seems to impossible,for the modern climate records showed that it is impossible to fall 20 ℃ in July in mid-latitude mountainous area during glacial period. (2) Sediment in this area characterized by gravel compositions,variable granularity,matrix composition,sedimentary structure,color,clay and scratch,indicating that the boulder clay melange actually is debris flow deposits. (3) The compositions of vermiculated red soil and pollen in bounding gravel showed that the sedimentary period was characterized by the warm temperate—subtropical humid environment,rather than cold glacier environment. (4) Based on the paleomagnetic times and paleotemperature,based on the ratio of the ferric ion to ferrous ion mentioned in He Peiyuan's work,showed that Lushan Glaciation,Dagu Glaciation and Poyang Glaciation advocated by Professor Lee,associated with Dapai Glaciation advocated by Professor He were all in interglacial period in western China and northern hemisphere,which indicated that the possibility of ice formation during such time in Lushan area was excluded. Lee's academic misunderstanding and social status is an obstacle to the Quaternary Glacial study in eastern China.


Bamboo scrimber is a sustainable engineered material that overcomes natural round bamboo's various weaknesses. This study compared the bamboo scrimber's mechanical (strength, stiffness, and ductility) to timber. The results showed that scrimber's physical and mechanical properties are comparable, even superior, to wood, especially in compression. Scrimber has a higher density than timber. Its drier equilibrium moisture content indicates that scrimber is more hydrophobic than timbers. The maximum crushing strength (σc//), compressive stress perpendicular-to-fiber at the proportional limit (σcp⊥) and that at the 0.04" deformation (σc0.04⊥), shear strength (τ//), longitudinal compressive modulus of elasticity (Ec//), lateral compressive modulus of elasticity (Ec⊥), and modulus of rigidity (G) of scrimber are higher than those of timbers. Both scrimber's and timber's flexural properties (modulus of rupture (σb) and flexural modulus of elasticity (Eb)) are comparable. On the contrary, the tensile strength parallel-to-fiber (σt//) of scrimber is weaker than that of timber. Scrimber is high ductility (μ > 6) when subjected to compression perpendicular-to-fiber, medium ductility (4 < μ ≤ 6) when subjected to compression parallel-to-fiber, and low ductility (brittle) when subjected to bending, shear, or tensile parallel-to-fiber. The higher ductility of scrimber may give an alarm and more time before failure than timbers. Timbers have brittle to lower ductility when receiving each kind of loading scheme. The ratio of shear modulus to strength (G/τ) and compression modulus to strength parallel-to-fiber (EC∥/σC∥) strongly correlates with the ductility ratio. However, the ratio of the flexural modulus of elasticity to the modulus of rupture (Eb/σb) and the ratio of the modulus Young to compression stress perpendicular-to-fiber (Ec⊥/σcp⊥) do not strongly correlate to the ductility value.


Based on diffusion theory, I conjecture that governance mechanisms, in particular performance-contingent equity (PCE), exhibit behavior characteristic of influential adopter diffusion. That is, firms tend to emulate an influential industry peer in adopting PCE in their executive compensation contracts. Using a large sample constructed from textual analysis of proxy statements, I find evidence of influential adopter diffusion through robust positive relations between PCE adoption and that of influential industry adopters. The results apply when examining the design of PCE provisions as well. Additional analyses suggest that the diffusion relation between influential adopters and their peers varies inversely with industry heterogeneity and differences in CEO compensation structure. In sum, my findings shed light on the spread of PCE over time by way of influential adopter diffusion.


Background: Undiagnosed eating disorders may lead to a life-threatening condition, then a validated and reliable tool that lets health providers use it for effective screening is a mandatory need. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the validity and reliability of the Persian version of the Eating Disorder Inventory-3 Referral Form (EDI-3 RF). Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 452 university students and employees were recruited by convenience sampling from the Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. The content validity was assessed using the five specialists, and then the content validity index (CVI) and content validity ratio (CVR) was calculated separately. The reliability was measured with Cronbach's alpha and test-retest. Results: Overall, 260 participants filled out the questionnaire completely. The mean age of participants was 22.34 ± 4.18 years. The mean weight was 64 kg (range: 40 - 115). This version of EDI-3 RF yields acceptable content validity and item correlation. According to the expert's opinion, CVR was more than 0.99 for all inquiries. Also, the CVI for each item was greater than 0.79, which indicates the acceptable value of this index for different items in terms of relevance, clarity, and simplicity. Also, the face validity was approved according to participants' and experts' opinions. Cronbach's alpha for measuring the three subscales of an eating disorder were acceptable (drive for thinness (DT) = 0.76 and 0.77, bulimia (B) = 0.71 and 0.72, and body dissatisfaction (BD) = 0.77 and 0.71, respectively). The correlation coefficient between two questionnaires was 0.48 (P < 0.01). The coefficient between the subscales and whole parts of this questionnaire was 0.58, 0.53, 0.66, 0.48, 0.34, and 0.43, respectively (P < 0.01). Conclusions: This questionnaire would be a beneficial self-response questionnaire, and because of its abbreviated format, it can be used as a screening and referral tool in the Persian population.


Various factors influence These include socio-economic status, learning preferences, teaching faculty, gender, residential area of students, medium of instructions in schools, tuition trend, daily study amongst Learning and academic performance correlate strongly with education standard and educational institutions from which students get knowledge ABSTRACT Objectives: To understand undergraduate radiography students' perception on effective teaching and learning. Methods : Two hundred (200) radiography students from different academic levels of Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi Campus and University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, were enlisted. Self-completion semi- structured questionnaires were used to obtain information from students on their perception of the teaching methods employed by lecturers. Results: Results revealed that factors such as teaching methods, lecturers' knowledge of the subject, their disposition at lectures, use of clear concepts and their practical applications, learning environment, use of visual teaching aids, and use of non-judgmental feedback on students' work can influence effective learning. Other influencing factors included workload and lecture scheduling, student academic level, age, gender and availability of facilities. Conclusion: The academic performance of students is not only influenced by the lecturer's knowledge of the subject but also the method used, available facilities, the age and academic level of the students.


The invention provides a pretreatment method for obtaining ligno-cellulose materials of a transformable substrate required in the production of bio-refinery, bio-energy, biological medicine, food processing, light chemical products, biological feedstuff and fertilizers, which adopts baisdiomycete strains or flora that can selectively destroy the structure of ligno-cellulose to carry out continuous pretreatment of solid fermentation to various ligno-cellulose materials in an open condition. The transformable substrate can be obtained directly and simply by extraction after the pretreatment or obtained by combining the treatment of the physical and chemical biomass white-rot fungus degradation system with the complex enzymatic method. The method of the invention puts biological degradation, modification and biomass transformation in leading position, partially combines with the physical and chemical enzymatic treatment process technology and has the advantages of strong operability, wide application scope, and the like.


We present a novel fiber-optic refractive-index (RI) sensor based on F-P interferometer, formed by splicing an endlessly photonic crystal fiber to a single-mode fiber. This type of RI sensor can be used to simultaneously measure RI and temperature by determination of its fringe visibility and cavity length change, respectively. The RI resolution is ~2x10-5 in the linear range and the cavity-length-temperature sensitivity is 18.72nm/ C o from 20°C to 100°C. In addition, the RI measurement based on the fringe visibility with such a miniature in-line fiber-optic tip sensor is independent on temperature change, making it suitable for practical applications.


Time and again, the phrase 'The youth are our future church has been in the air across the universe. As perceived, this is an encouragement and hope statement for the youth in churches but on honest grounds, a lot of hidden unintended consequences and hidden meaning is wrapped in the same package with this phrase. This may be interpreted to mean that the present matters less. In essence, it is not within the ability of the adolescents to envision themselves as grownups as it appears to them that that the perception of time as compared to age is two worlds apart. For illustration, a ten years old adolescent considers ten years as a lifetime and to them, a vague context is registered on the future concept which means an indefinite time length. Therefore, when church leaders say that the youths are the future, they are failing to stamp a reference point as to when the future will become a reality in the present. This therefore leaves the youths at crossroads as to what their present role is in the church which breeds the tendency of many youths walking out of the church. This is in their belief that they will come back when they are mature enough in terms of Christianity in the so-called future. This article revisits a few setbacks that surround youth in the church and a way forward to handle these setbacks in order to have the youth fully involved in the liturgy of the church. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Date of Submission: 25-11-2017 Date of acceptance: 19-12-2017 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


The expression of preproinsulin (ppIns), proglucagon, prosomatostatin, and propancreatic polypeptide was investigated in thymic extracts, thymic cells, and thymic cell lines from C57BL/6 mice by RT-PCR. The expression of pancreatic hormones was similar in thymic extracts taken from neonatal and 2-, 4-, and 8-week-old animals, but was decreased in 20-week-old animals. Pancreatic hormone expression was not observed in mouse liver, salivary gland, or spleen. Analysis of thymic cell populations revealed a 10- to 20-fold enrichment in expression of all hormones in low buoyant density cells. No expression was detected in high buoyant density cells (predominantly thymocytes) or in thymic epithelial cell lines, primary cultures of epithelial cells, or peripheral macrophages. In addition, immunoreactive insulin, measured by specific RIA, was detectable in the low buoyant density population, but not in high buoyant density cells. The enriched cell population was depleted of contaminating lymphocytes and sorted base...


Aim:  To review the clinical manifestations of ovarian torsion (OT) and to compare the surgical results between laparoscopy and laparotomy.


For several reasons, the number of staff who are employed as lecturers, tutors, demonstrators or lab assistants on a casual or sessional basis are increasing across the university sector (DETYA, 2001). These sessional staff typically include postgraduate students, industry-based professionals, and people regularly employed on a course by course basis to lecture, tutor or demonstrate. The management, training and support of these staff is not only varied across universities but also within universities, and often this group is overlooked when developing policy relating to teaching staff. This paper describes a national project commissioned by the Australian University Teaching Committee (AUTC) in 2002 that aims to enhance the quality of the management, support and training of sessional teachers in Australian universities. Particular focus will be given to issues involving policy, management and training, including a review of the current environment, what is needed, and possible models of good practice. The findings of the project and the resources developed as a result will be disseminated using a variety of mechanisms, including an existing network of academics around Australia and via a project web-site.


N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) is the most prevalent modification that occurs in messenger RNA (mRNA), affecting mRNA splicing, translation, and stability. This modification is reversible, and its related biological functions are mediated by "writers," "erasers," and "readers." The field of viral epitranscriptomics and the role of m6A modification in virus–host interaction have attracted much attention recently. When Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infects a human B lymphocyte, it goes through three phases: the pre‐latent phase, latent phase, and lytic phase. Little is known about the viral and cellular m6A epitranscriptomes in EBV infection, especially in the pre‐latent phase during de novo infection.


Lumber spinal stenosis is a clinical condition secondary to narrowing of the spinal canal, resulting in neural compression. Elongation in pedicle length may lead expansion of the spinal canal and decompress the nerve roots. In this article a minimal invasive technique was described for expanding of a narrowed spinal canal with distraction pedicle osteotomy. A special pedicle screw was designed to distract the osteotomized pedicle and to recreate stability in broken osseous frame of the medullary canal. This technique was tested on 14 lumbar spinal levels of 7 male cadavers unilaterally. Initial preexpansion measurements were as follows: A 2.1 mm (1-3 mm); B 2.1 (1-3 mm); C 13.4 mm (11-17 mm) and D 98 mm 2 (71-104 mm 2 ). After expansion of the osteotomized pedicle the values were measured as A 5,6 mm (4-9 mm); B 2.1 (1-3 mm); C 15.9 mm (14-22 mm) and D 129 mm 2 (107-194 mm 2 ). Canal expansion was improved as follows: A: 167%, B: 0% no change, C:19%, D: 31%.


The blending-type cigarette with more scientific formula, low tar, safety tasty flavor is in agreement with the concept of consumption of modern society. We should develop China's blending-type cigarette to compete with international counterparts.


Context Tuberculin skin tests (TSTs) and new interferon-release assays (IGRAs) are alternative tests for detecting latent tuberculosis. Contribution This updated meta-analysis of 38 studies found that sensitivity of IGRAs and TST was not consistent across tests and populations, but TSPOT.TB seemed to be more sensitive than QuantiFERON tests and TST. Both the TST and IGRAs had high specificity (>95%) for tuberculosis in populations not vaccinated with bacille CalmetteGurin (BCG). The specificity of IGRAs was also high in populations vaccinated with BCG, whereas TST specificity was low and highly variable. Caution The studies had many limitations, including small sample sizes and no reference standard test for diagnosing latent tuberculosis. Implication The specificity of IGRAs for detecting latent tuberculosis is good and seems unaffected by BCG vaccination status. The Editors The tuberculin skin test (TST) was formerly the only test for detecting latent tuberculosis infection; however, interferon-release assays (IGRAs) have emerged as attractive alternatives. Two IGRAs, QuantiFERON-TB Gold (Cellestis, Carnegie, Australia) and T-SPOT.TB (Oxford Immunotec, Oxford, United Kingdom), are now commercially available, and their use is expanding. Although IGRAs are intended for diagnosing latent tuberculosis infection, active tuberculosis is used as a surrogate standard to estimate accuracy in the absence of a gold standard for latent tuberculosis infection. In a recent meta-analysis (1), Menzies and colleagues showed that IGRAs have high specificity, especially in populations who have received bacille Calmette-Gurin (BCG) vaccination. However, the sensitivity of both TST and IGRAs was suboptimal, and none of these tests could distinguish between latent tuberculosis and active disease. Since the publication of this meta-analysis, the evidence base for IGRAs has rapidly grown with publication of several guidelines and statements (26). We present an updated meta-analysis that will provide helpful information for clinicians and for agencies developing updated guidelines. Methods Study Selection and Eligibility Using the same search strategy as that published elsewhere (1), we searched PubMed for new studies through 31 March 2008 that reported data on the sensitivity and specificity of commercial IGRAs. We reviewed citations of all original articles, guidelines, and reviews for studies published in English. The inclusion criteria for this update were narrower than for the original meta-analysis, which included research, in-house, or commercial versions of QuantiFERON or enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISpot) tests that used early-secreted antigenic target 6, with or without culture filtrate protein 10 and with or without TB7.7 antigens. For the update, we restricted the studies to QuantiFERON-TB Gold (also known as QFT-2G), QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube (also known as QFT-3G) (both from Cellestis, Victoria, Australia), and T-SPOT.TB (Oxford Immunotec, Oxford, United Kingdom) or its precommercial ELISpot version, when data on the commercial version were lacking. Unlike the original meta-analysis, we excluded studies with fewer than 10 participants, studies that included only immunocompromised populations, and studies that used only early-secreted antigenic target 6. For studies assessing sensitivity, the study sample had to comprise participants with microbiologically confirmed active tuberculosis, but not include only immunocompromised participants. For studies assessing specificity, the sample had to comprise healthy, low-risk individuals without known exposure to tuberculosis who were from countries with a low tuberculosis incidence rate. Two independent reviewers performed searches and selected articles meeting the inclusion criteria. One reviewer abstracted data on participant characteristics and test characteristics and performance, and a second reviewer double-checked these data. When necessary, we contacted the original investigators for additional information. Data Synthesis For each study, we calculated sensitivity or specificity and 95% CIs and summarized the results in forest plots. To pool estimates across the studies, we did a fixed-effects meta-analysis with correction for overdispersion to account for between-study variability by using MetaDiSc software, version 1.4 (Hospital Ramn y Cajal, Madrid, Spain; www.hrc.es/investigacion/metadisc_en.htm). We evaluated heterogeneity by using the chi-square and I 2 tests. Because we found heterogeneity, we performed subgroup analyses; we analyzed each commercial test (and test version, in the case of QuantiFERON) separately and evaluated BCG-vaccinated and nonvaccinated groups separately for specificity studies. When data on the sensitivity and specificity of concurrently done TSTs were reported, we extracted and summarized the data in tables and forest plots. Role of the Funding Source The Canadian Institutes of Health Research and the Fonds de la recherche en sant du Qubec had no role in the design, conduct, and analysis of the study or the decision to submit the manuscript for publication. Results A total of 38 articles (744) met our inclusion criteria, 20 of which (comprising 1879 participants) were new articles not included in our previous meta-analysis. Of these, 15 included QuantiFERON-TB Gold or QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube and 9 included T-SPOT.TB. Eight articles in the original meta-analysis (1) were excluded from this update because they included noncommercial assays (4548), had fewer than 10 participants (49, 50), included only immunocompromised populations (51), or used only early-secreted antigenic target 6 as the antigen (45). Appendix Tables 1, 2, 3, and 4 provide details on the included studies. All studies were cross-sectional. Of the 38 studies, 21 (55%) had some sort of industry involvement or support, such as sponsorship, donation of test kits, participation in advisory boards, involvement of test developers, or ownership of patents. Appendix Table 1. Sensitivity of QuantiFERON-TB Gold (QFT) among Patients with Active Tuberculosis (TB) Appendix Table 2. Sensitivity of T-SPOT.TB among Patients with Active Tuberculosis (TB) Appenix Table 3. Specificity of QuantiFERON-TB Gold (QFT) in Bacille CalmetteGurin (BCG)Vaccinated and NonBCG-Vaccinated Patients with an Expected Low Prevalence of Tuberculous Infection* Appendix Table 4. Specificity of Enzyme-Linked Immunospot (ELISpot) and T-SPOT.TB in Bacille CalmetteGurin (BCG)Vaccinated and NonBCG-Vaccinated Participants with an Expected Low Prevalence of Tuberculous Infection* Sensitivity of Interferon-Release Assays We identified 22 studies of QuantiFERON tests, comprising 1369 participants (Appendix Table 1), and 13 studies of T-SPOT.TB, comprising 726 participants (Appendix Table 2). Active tuberculosis was confirmed by culture in most cases, and most studies included participants without HIV infection. Three of the QuantiFERON studies were from countries with a high rate of tuberculosis incidence, whereas none of the T-SPOT.TB studies was from a high-incidence country. Almost all of the sensitivity studies included only adults. Figure 1 shows the forest plot and pooled sensitivity estimates. The pooled sensitivity of all 22 QuantiFERON studies was 76% (95% CI, 72% to 80%) (plot not shown). Pooled sensitivity was 78% (CI, 73% to 82%) for QuantiFERON-TB Gold, 70% (CI, 63% to 78%) for QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube, and 90% (CI, 86% to 93%) for T-SPOT.TB (Figure 1). Although we found no obvious differences in sensitivity between QuantiFERON-TB Gold and QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube, the nonoverlapping CIs suggest that the pooled sensitivity of T-SPOT.TB was higher than that of either QuantiFERON-TB test. Figure 1. Forest plot of studies estimating sensitivity of interferon-release assays in patients with active tuberculosis as a surrogate for latent tuberculous infection. Point estimates for sensitivity and 95% CIs are shown along with pooled estimates. Top. QuantiFERON-TB Gold (16 studies). Middle. QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube (6 studies). Bottom. T-SPOT.TB (13 studies). Seven studies (Appendix Table 5) reported head-to-head comparisons of T-SPOT.TB and QuantiFERON sensitivity. In 6 of those studies, T-SPOT.TB had a higher sensitivity than QuantiFERON-TB Gold, with difference ranging from 3% to 25%. One study reported identical sensitivity estimates for both assays. Studies that used QuantiFERON-TB Gold showed lower sensitivity relative to T-SPOT.TB than did studies that used QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube. Appendix Table 5. Head-to-Head Comparisons of Sensitivity of QuantiFERON-TB (QFT) Gold versus T-SPOT.TB among Patients with Active Tuberculosis (TB) Specificity of Interferon-Release Assays We identified 16 studies of QuantiFERON tests, 8 of BCG-vaccinated and 8 of nonBCG-vaccinated samples, comprising 1624 participants (Appendix Table 3). None of the specificity studies was from a country with a high rate of tuberculosis incidence. Almost all of the specificity studies included only adults. The BCG vaccination policies in the study countries varied; for example, Japan and South Korea have a policy of repeated BCG vaccinations, whereas the United States and the Netherlands do not recommend BCG vaccination. We identified 2 studies that used the commercial T-SPOT.TB assay and 4 studies that used the precommercial ELISpot version, with a combined total of 290 participants. Appendix Table 4 summarizes these 6 studies. Figure 2 presents the forest plot and pooled estimates. The pooled specificity was 98% (CI, 96% to 99%) for all QuantiFERON studies, 99% (CI, 98% to 100%) for QuantiFERON among nonBCG-vaccinated populations, and 96% (CI, 94% to 98%) for QuantiFERON among BCG-vaccinated populations (Figure 2). The pooled specificity of T-SPOT.TB/ELISpot was 93% (CI, 86% to 100%) (Figure 2). All but 1 T-SPOT.TB study included BCG-vaccinated participants. When only the 2 commercial T-SPOT.TB studies were pooled, the specificit


The article deals with issues related to the removal of man-made space debris (SD) from the near-Earth space. SD is divided into observed (a typical size of over 100 mm) and unobserved ones. When encountering the observed SD, a spacecraft takes evasive maneuvers by changing the height. The International Space orbital station used to commit this maneuver more than once. Panels protect a spacecraft from unobserved debris. SD has emerged from the former used satellites, vehicle stages, and boosters still available on orbit, as well as a result of their destruction in case of explosion and collision. A large number of projects on removal of the near-Earth space from both the observed and the unobserved fragments of SD have been recently under development. There are offerings to remove SD via grapple fixtures, mesh-works, harpoons, etc. All anti-debris means are placed in the spacecraft (SC) and boosted into an orbit, and vehicle stages and boosters still remain on the orbit. Russia has set a Standard, which specifies the SD counter-measures. It gives recommendation for choosing the way of its disposal and dimensioning the fuel mass required for disposal in the dumping area. Selection of the dumping area depends on the altitude of a SD fragment. For high orbits the dumping area is selected according to GOST formulas. From the low orbits the fragments should be taken away to the Earth's atmosphere where they should be burned up. The calculations presented in the article show that with dumping area chosen properly the fuel mass required for maneuver is 10 - 15%. However, given the high cost of the spacecraft and its launch into orbit it is advisable to use the shuttle type vehicles similar to "Buran" and "Space Shuttle" to retrieve the spacecraft from the orbit. Space Shuttles were used to do similar work. This will allow preventing from near-Earth's space debris due to available final vehicle stages and boosters, and, what is most important, after modernization and renovation the shuttle-retrieved spacecraft can be re-launched into space by the Space Shuttle. The special devices decelerate unobserved space debris of small size, which is moved to the low orbits and then into the Earth's atmosphere.


Contents * Preface * Introduction * Part I: Understanding Consumer Satisfaction as a Way of Doing Business * Chapter 1: Myths and Other Misunderstandings About Medical Practice * Chapter 2: Looking at Health Care from the Patient's Perspective * Examining the Systems for Delivering Services * Aligning Services with Patients' Needs * Some Points to Remember * Chapter 3: Making Consumer Satisfaction a Way of Doing Business * Adopting a Consumers' Bill of Rights * Becoming Consumer Oriented * Recommendations for Making Consumer Satisfaction a Way of doing Business * Chapter 4: Developing Consumer-Oriented Service * The Physician's Role in Developing a Consumer-Oriented Initiative * How Consumers Select and Evaluate Physicians * The role of Management in Developing a Consumer-Oriented Initiative * The Role of Nonphysician Staff in Making a Consumer-Oriented Initiative Work * Chapter 5: From Initial Call for Appointment to Billing: Treating the Patient Right * Before the Appointment * Establishing Rapport * Defining the Patient's Needs and Wants * Solving Problems * Turning Complaints into Routine Requests * Making the Job Easier for the Health Care Provider * Helping the Referred Patient * Chapter 6: Follow Up on Good Service * Effective Forms of Follow-Up Service * Involving Patients and Their Families in the Evaluative Process * Getting Consumers Actively Involved * Consumer Satisfaction: A Summary * Part II: Consumer Satisfaction in the Management of Medical Services * Chapter 7: Managing Outcomes * Why Multivariate Analysis? * An Inferential Evaluative Approach * Chapter 8: Applications * Examples of Applications * Chapter 9: How to Design and Apply Surveys of Consumers' Satisfaction * Measuring and Monitoring Consumer Satisfaction * Selecting a Survey to Meet Your Needs * Options for Collecting Information * Examples of Surveys * Chapter 10: Measuring Performance Against Standards * Examples of Standard Criteria Evaluated * Questions That Reflect Fact and Opinion * Selecting a Format for Your Survey * Quantifying Opinions: The Rating Method * Procedures for Administering Surveys * Collection of Information * Chapter 11: Collection and Management of Data * Central Coordination * Requirements for Computerized Processing * Noncomputerized Processing Procedures * Planning for Computerized Systems * Factors to Consider when Measuring Satisfaction * Format for the Analysis * Procedures for Descriptive Analysis of Data, with Illustrations * Format for Inferential Analysis of Data, with Illustrations * Chapter 12: Implementing Consumers' Ratings of Satisfaction in Your Practice * Patient Relations * Support and Involvement of Management * Input from and Participation by Employees * Quality Assurance and risk Management * Chapter 13: Quality Redefined * Excellence Is Everything * Quality, Consumer Satisfaction, and the Practice of Medicine * Notes * Bibliography * Index * Reference Notes Included


Late in 1957, the University of th Witwatersrand Research Committee be gan giving financial support to the re search upon the mountain gorilla ii western Uganda initiated by Mr. Walte Baumgartel. That support has enable him to maintain, during the interven ing 4 years, an African guide and tw trackers, by means of whom virtuall continuous contact is maintained witt the gorillas on the northern slopes o the Birunga volcanoes and they can b shown to visitors. Despite its present fame (vide Zah 1961), and the many spectacular scien tific results that have emerged in suc] rapidity from this enterprise, it is eas, -unless some of the facts are put or record in perspective-to lose sight o its total importance. The success wit] which the Kisoro Gorilla Sanctuary ha been hitherto maintained has demon strated the desirability of retaining suc] guides and trackers as long as possible however, this arrangement may prov( too delicate to survive this troubled pe riod of social transition in Centra Africa. Meanwhile, the success of th Kisoro arrangement has also shown th value of actively promoting the estab lishment of similar or improved ar rangements for the preservation of th African great apes in other areas. Previous articles (Dart 1958, 1959 have described the origin of the Re search Committee's project and its im mediate incidental facilitation of highe: primate field studies that were alread) projected by Japanese (Imanishi 1958 Baumgartel 1958) and American scien tists (vide Opportunities and needs foi field-research on the biology of primates in tropical Africa: summary of meetinQ 4-5 December 1959 in the National Academy of Sciences, Washington, D.C., sponsored by The New York Zoological Society). With the aid of a grant from the Gorilla Research Unit that had been set up in Johannesburg in 1957, th( South African Journal of Science was able to publish Miss J. H. Donisthorpe's (1958) pilot study of the Kisoro Gorilla Sanctuary situation, area, vegetation, animals, and weather; as well as of the gorillas, and her method of tracing the size and movements of groups by their evening habit of making new nests. This initial long-term study within a restricted area of the mountain gorilla's natural habitat reoriented the attitude of scientists toward the possibilities of carrying out such gorilla habitat studies successfully. Shortly after his preliminary studies on baboon and lemur behaviour, conducted in the Transvaal and Madagascar, Dr. Niels Bolwig began work on the gorilla and chimpanzee in Uganda and the Congo. This enabled him to assist Professor John T. Emlen and his graduate student George B. Schaller at Kisoro in March 1959. After a 6-months investigation of the distribution of mountain gorillas in Uganda and Congo, Professor Emlen returned to the U.S.A. Mr. Schaller, in the meantime, had discovered a more suitable terrain for his behaviour studies in the vicinity of Mount Mikeno, where he stayed until the middle of 1960, when disturbances following independence interrupted his long-range field studies and led him to spend the remaining months of his two-year programme doing comparative research on orang-utan in Indonesia. Dr. Bolwig, however, had become so impressed with Uganda as an area for the study of primates in general, and with the Kayonze forest area somewhat north of Kisoro for studies of the gorilla and chimpanzee, that he joined the Zoology Department of Makerere University College. Since then he has built a hut for field work in the Kayonze forest with the assistance of a grant from the Uganda Game Department, which has assisted in the establishment of further hut accommodation in the Kisoro game sanctuary also. The emergence of this local pride and greater personal interest, as well as the research upon gorillas in Uganda itself and the facilitation of behaviouristic studies by Japanese and American scientists, would have been more than satisfactory rewards for the assistance given to the Kisoro Sanctuary by the Research Committee of the University of the Witwatersrand. In fact, the work of Emlen and Schaller in the Congo had been so successful that it almost appeared to some that further work at Kisoro might be unnecessary. But the sudden interruption of Schaller's work and the parlous immediate future of the Congo and its crucial fauna has shown everyone the importance of retaining the Kisoro arrangement. This had also become manifest o members of the research unit through a succession of further discoveries at Kisoro, concerning not only the habits of gorillas but also their behaviour when confronted with the death of a member of their band. The first of these deaths, in August 1958, was that of the venerable old male known by the guide Reuben and his trackers as the "Saza Chief." It was the outcome of a 12-day struggle between two leaders of separate gorilla groups. Then, in the early part of 1960, the male who had been responsible for the death of the "Saza Chief" acted strangely by leaving his family of five females and one small male gorilla. Taking the infant male with him, he threatened anyone who approached them. The females were usually found feeding some distance away, and the old male showed signs of increasing ill health. On February 22 a party of visitors led by Reuben found the male dead in the flattened undergrowth with his young companion crouched alongside, abandoned by the five females. The party succeeded in capturing the infant despite his great strength, and took him down the mountain. Later, he was taken to Entebbe and is today in the Regent's Park Zoological Garden, London. Seven months later, in September 1960, Reuben found the bones of a third gorilla, a young female, still partially covered with flesh. These proved to comprise an almost complete skeleton, with the skull still well-preserved. This specimen was handed over by the Game Department to Makerere Medical College, where it is available, along with the skeleton of the "Saza Chief," for comparative skeletal studies. Despite regular visits and searches, encounters with the remaining gorillas became less successful than previously. The family that had consisted of the five females seemed especially nervous. A male that had attached himself to the band was timid; but one of the females (who usually are the more timid) attacked Reuben and attempted to strangle him. These alterations from their previous behaviour were most puzzling. About six months later, on February 14, 1961, attracted by unusual excitement among a number of birds, Reuben and his men found the body of another male gorilla, apparently killed by a leopard only a short while before. They followed a trail uphill over the flattened vegetation for 50 yards to the place where the gorilla group had spent the previous night. Judging from the nests, it had been the same family. The leopard had apparently sprung onto the male while he was still asleep. The fierce ensuing fight sent them rolling down the slope locked together and ended in the death of the gorilla, who had severe wounds in his neck and a huge gash in his right groin and belly. The following day, Mr. Craggs arrived from Makerere College in time to inject the corpse and take it to Kampala virtually intact for dissection at the Medical College. Three days after finding the body of this male gorilla, Reuben and his assistants disturbed a huge leopard eating the putrid flesh of another gorilla, apparently a female, which must have


Abstract The index-removal method provides estimates of abundance, exploitation rate, and catchability coefficient. Estimates from the original method suffer from poor precision. Recent work has improved the precision of model estimates; however, the method still includes the strong assumption of constant survey catchability over years and seasons. This assumption is not tenable in many fisheries. This work introduces a new multiyear model, 2qIR, that allows catchability to differ between surveys of the same year. Simulations were performed to examine the effects of variability in (1) the exploitation rate among years, (2) survey catchability, and (3) the number of years of data on model performance. The 2qIR model estimates were always more accurate and precise than those of the other models examined and other model scenarios in which there was moderate contrast in exploitation among years, regardless of the seasonal difference between survey catchability coefficients. The ratios of survey catchability t...


Alternate fuels and introduction of new combustion technology has been the major topic in these days due to its importance in environmental issue and cost. This work investigates the effect of low reactivity and high reactivity fuels in diesel engine to reduce the emission and to improve the efficiency. The experiments are performed on single cylinder research diesel engine by adapting dual fuel operation using gasoline as a low reactivity fuel which is injected near the port and various diesel blends injected directly into the cylinder. Here low reactivity fuel is kept same for all investigations but high reactivity fuel blends are changed. All tests were carried out at 1500rpm 23 CAD BTDC (DI) on various loading conditions. The port fuel injection takes place at 20 CAD ATDC (during intake stroke) which is controlled by ECU. Bio diesel used for direct injection (blended with diesel) is Annona squamosa (custard apple) seed oil. Various blending ratios used for DI: B20-80, B20A25, B20A50. Results suggest that incylinder fuel gradients strongly affect the engine efficiency. In addition NOx and smoke emission are reduced drastically while using proper blends with slight increase in HC and CO but using nanoparticles it get reduced further. Keywords— Diesel, Gasoline, Aluminium oxide nanoparticles, Annona squamosa oil, Combustion, Performance and


This study surveyed the professional development (PD) needs of school English language teachers at Melaka State in Malaysia. With close cooperation with the Department of Language at the Ministry of Education, the whole population of English language teachers had been studied on their types of professional development needs in instructional skills. The data showed that 99% of the English language teachers perceived that they needed professional development at some level while only about 1% stated no need to any types of PD activities. Nearly 50% indicated their need for PD to be very high or high. Maintaining language skills, assessing students, and using cooperative learning were respectively the first, second and third instructional skills for which teachers indicated very high or high levels of need for PD. The quantitative data also shed light on how PD needs were related to the demographic factors of the participants. The results of this study would give insightful feedback to the administrators of the Language Department in Malaysia to better design PD activities with more developmental outcomes.


Subject. This article considers the financial and economic security of an area as a complex system.
Objectives. The article aims to develop and test a methodology for assessing regional financial and economic security based on a system of indicators divided into metrics.
Methods. For the study, I used a statistical analysis and the indicative approach.
Results. The article defines the integral safety factors of the Ulyanovsk Oblast, as well as a set of indicators and their threshold values for financial and economic security metrics.
Conclusions. The article notes that the number of negative factors that can adversely affect the overall level of regional security and reduce the stability of the regional socioeconomic system has increased over time.


The effects of signposts and a ward orientation training programme has been examined with six patients from a male psychogeriatric ward. The results indicate that improved ward orientation can be achieved in such patients, by the use of both signposts themselves and specific training involving the use of signposts. Implications for psychogeriatric rehabilitation nursing are discussed


Possible origins of the experimentally observed beat-like signal in elastic light backscattering from an epithelial biological cell are identified. The source of the beat-like signal is most likely the cellular nucleus, which is a spheroidal particle with an optically sharp edge, low relative index of refraction, and a size parameter in the resonant range; another possible source is an agglomeration of cell organelles of a similar size. Using Mie theory computer simulations for a dielectric sphere with biological nucleus-like parameters, we have shown that backscattering as a function of size parameter has a beat-like pattern. The high frequency periodic oscillation is the single scattering contribution, while multiple scattering events give slowly varying oscillatory contributions. With increasing contrast, the backscattering signal changes from a pure sinusoid to that of a beat signal. The beat-like pattern in scattering from a low contrast particle does not depend on any particular features of the sphere; a similar pattern is observable in scattering from star-like non-spherical objects with a sharp optical contrast and smooth shape; in this case, the high frequency of oscillations depends on the object orientation relative to incident light


Airway management during endoscopy is highly critical, and this is particularly true in older patients with complex medical issues. Over the course of the last few decades, tremendous advances in various airway stabilization devices used during endoscopic procedures have occurred. This includes not only laryngeal masks but a variety of extraglottic devices as well. Identifying airway stabilization devices that offer patient safety, patient comfort and ease-of-use while promoting high quality results remains a continual process. With this in mind, a case study presentation is provided involving a complicated elderly patient undergoing fiberoptic bronchoscopy that utilized the AGobi All-inOne Airway Stabilization device. The case experience will highlight the advantages of this supraglottic airway device while an examination of the research literature will discuss its potential limitations. Based on this case study, the use of this device in fiberoptic bronchoscopy and in a number of other situations where airway stabilization is needed is supported. In addition, the case study also supports further study of the AGobi All-in-One Airway Stabilizing device in comparison to other airway stabilizing options in specific patient scenarios. *Corresponding author: Victor G. Ghobrial, Associates/Respiratory Medicine, Bradenton, Florida, USA, Tel: (941) 746-7444; Fax: (941) 746-1777; E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com Received August 23, 2018; Accepted September 12, 2018; Published September 18, 2018 Citation: Ghobrial VG, Schon A, Childress D (2018) Use of the AGobi All-in-One Airway Stabilizing Device During Fiberoptic Bronchoscopy: A Case Study Report. J Pulm Respir Med 8: 472. doi: 10.4172/2161-105X.1000472 Copyright: ©2018 Ghobrial VG, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.


Circularly polarized 1+1′ REMPI with ion imaging detection was used to probe μ–v–j angular correlations of the NO (X 2Π1/2,3/2, v=0) photoproduct from linearly polarized 355 nm photodissociation of NO2 in a molecular beam. Rotational angular momentum orientation was measured for the NO product, with the sense and magnitude of the orientation depending upon the direction of the NO recoil velocity with respect to the polarization vector of the photolysis light. The rotational orientation is shown to originate from the directionality of the torque responsible for NO rotational motion. The experimentally observed sense of rotation in the plane of the NO2 parent molecule is consistent with an effective recoil impulse force applied to the N end of the NO product. A preliminary measure of the bipolar moment associated with this orientation for the j=21.5 and j=36.5 rotational levels gives a value of approximately β02(21)=0.2.


The invention belongs to the technical field of a power steering system, in particular relates to an anti-loosening device for a power steering reservoir. The invention comprises a left fixed clip and a right fixed clip (10A, 10B) fixed on the same side of the reservoir, and an anti-loosening clip (20) fixed on the side of the reservoir. The anti-loosening clip (20), the left fixed clip (10A) and the right fixed clip (10B) are matched with a bracket (30) to firmly fix the reservoir on a vehicle body. The invention can effectively prevent the reservoir from shaking up and down when the vehicle bumps to ensure the reservoir to be installed firmly, thus preventing the reservoir from falling down from a mounting support and ensuring safe operation of a steering system.


In view of the problem that due to the lack of unified planning, the layout of buildings in many villages and towns is not reasonable, and the buildings for production with high fire hazard are mixed with the residential buildings in construction, a kind of dynamic rural building planning method based on the optimization control of fish swarm is put forward in this paper to solve the problem. In the event of a fire, as the distance from each house to the entrance of the village is different, and the total number of persons to be evacuated in each house is also different, the rural building planning and design is different from that of the urban buildings. Under the condition taking the limited capacity of the path into consideration, with the minimization of the evacuation end time as the goal, a dynamic rural building mathematical model is established. And the optimization control of the fish swarm is used to make the planning. The possible path that can be actually involved in the planning is determined. And the houses that require relatively long time should be given the priority in the planning, so as to achieve the purpose of balancing the evacuation time, and thus implementing dynamic planning for the rural buildings. Finally, the effectiveness and feasibility of the algorithm is verified through the numerical example.


We present a general procedure for quantitative structural refinement of superlattice structures. To analyze a wide range of superlattices, we derived a general kinematical diffraction formula that includes random, continuous, and discrete fluctuations from the average structure. We show that only the structure factor of one single layer of each material has to be averaged over the random variables and prove that this relation is equivalent to earlier, less general models. Implementing a nonlinear-fitting algorithm to fit the entire x-ray-diffraction profile, refined parameters that describe the average superlattice structure and deviations from this average are obtained. We compare the results of structural refinement to results obtained independently from other measurements. The roughness introduced artificially during growth in Mo/Ni and Nb/Cu superlattices is accurately reproduced by the refinement. The lattice parameters of Ag/Mn obtained from this refinement procedure are in very good agreement with the values obtained from independent extended x-ray-absorption fine-structure and x-ray photoelectron diffraction studies. The relative thicknesses of the layers can be accurately determined, as proved for Cu/Ni in comparison with chemical analysis, for W/Ni compared to the calibrated sputtering rate, and for Mo/Ni compared to the low-angle profile.


A general, practical method for handling sparse data that avoids held-out data and iterative reestimation is derived from first principles. It has been tested on a part-of-speech tagging task and out-performed (deleted) interpolation with context-independent weights, even when the latter used a globally optimal parameter setting determined a posteriori.


PURPOSE: To provide the structure which has incombustibility and elasticity and is suitable for filters, etc., by heat treating a carbonaceous fiber assembly in a slackened state at a prescribed temp. in a non-oxidizing atmosphere to impart shape holding and irreversible heat fixing thereto, then coating the assembly with a specific inorg. material. CONSTITUTION: The carbonaceous precursor fiber assembly is stabilized and the stabilized fiber assembly (e.g.; mat) is heated in the slackened state to the temp. below 750°C in the non-oxidizing atmosphere, by which the shape holding and irreversible heat fixing are imparted to the fiber assembly. Next, the heat fixed fiber assembly is coated with the inorg. material selected from oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, borates, silicates and metals. As a result, the structure consisting of the incombustible carbonaceous fibers which has the inorg. material coatings consisting of ceramic materials, metallic materials, etc., have an LOI value larger than 40 and are irreversibly heat fixed is obtd. COPYRIGHT: (C)1989,JPO


Generative thinking is defined as the active construction of a creative instantiation of some familiar concept or object. Four studies examined differences in the generative thinking of 6-, 9-, and 12- year-olds. All versions of the task involved imagining where on the body they would place a third eye and why. In Study 1, when children and adults were required to draw their eye placement, only the adults considered novelty and utility, e.g., seeing all around with the eye behind the head. In Study 2, when children were instructed to place the eye so that they could see more, only 12-year-olds improved their performance. In Study 3, when a model was provided on which the third eye could be placed, both 6- and 9-year-olds improved but their thinking was limited to considerations of the eye still within the face region. In Study 4, when children could place the third eye on their own bodies, 6- and 9-year-olds clearly displayed generative thinking. Results are discussed in terms of constraints on children's generative thinking.


Seahorses natural populations are declining, due to their demand in traditional Chinese medicine, its consumption in oriental countries and their attractive as ornamental species; then, all the Hippocampus species of the genus are considered threatened fishes. Culture under controlled conditions is an option for their conservation and sustainable use; however, it is necessary to find the appropriate techniques to culture them, especially to raise the fry. In this study the effect of live food on growth and survival of Hippocampus reidi fry was evaluated. During the first 11 days they were fed with Artemia nauplii and rotifers enriched, since the day 11 to 46 only with enriched Artemia metanauplii with four commercial products: Protein Selco Plus® (PSP), marine fish food Azoo 9 in 1® (AZ), Scott Emulsion® (SE) and Isochrysis galbana microalgae (IG). The largest growth in terms of weight and height was observed in seahorses fed with enriched Artemia with PSP (160.13 mg and 4.44 cm respectively), which was significantly higher than the other treatments, which were kept in a range of 81.86-97.80 mg in weight and 3.62-3.72 cm in size (F3.12 = 9.63, p = 0.0049 by weight and F3.12 = 5.12, p = 0.0288 in height). There were not significant differences in survival; however the highest percentage was in PSP diet (74.42%) and the lower in SE (51.60%) (F3.12 = 1.08, p = 0.4095).


The spectra of visible and ultraviolet radiation produced by inert-gas ions incident on W and Mo surfaces were studied. It was found that the intensity distribution of the radiation was dependent on the target material and the residual gas pressure. (AIP)


Oligodendrogliomas arising primarily in the ventricle are quite rare. A 27-year-old male patient presented with features of raised intracranial pressure, forgetfulness, diplopia, and blurring of vision. Axial computed tomography scan brain showed heterogeneous mass with calcifications in the third and lateral ventricles involving the septum with dilatation of the frontal and occipital horns of the lateral ventricle. The tumor was resected an interhemispheric transcallosal approach. Histopathology showed tumor cells in sheets and small clusters with intervening thin blood vessels. Tumor cells had round-to-oval nuclei with clear cytoplasm. There were many foci showed calcifications and psammoma bodies. Neuropathological examination supported the diagnosis of anaplastic intraventricular oligodendroglioma. Although intraventricular oligodendrogliomas are slow-growing tumors, their deep location makes the complete removal difficult.


Connecting with the present situation of Taiyuan Coal Gasification Group,this paper expounds the implementation of network interconnection with VPN technology and its application and functions.


Seven 4 to 5 years old female Skia deer(Cervus nippon hortulorum) both in their reproductive and non-reproductive season were used to study the ultrastructural changes of the primary oocytes during their development by using transmission electron microscopy. The ovarian tissues were treated according the requirement for the examination via electron microscope. The follicles were divided into 4 groups according to their development. The results showed that at the primordial follicle stage,the oocyte was round and its plasma membrane closely adhered to the follicle cells,most organelles located were near the nucleus, the Golgi complex was not typical, and most mitochondria with fewer cristae were round. At primary and secondary follicle stage, follicles locally formed zona pellucida when they consisted of 2 to 4 layers of follicle cells,irregular microvili on the oocyte were present in the zona pellucida. At teriary follicle stage with a diameter of 0.5 mm to 1.5 mm, the zona pellucida became thick, the number of rough endoplasmic reticulum decreased obviously, and all kinds of organelles and the Golgi complex increased number in the cortex. At the 1.5 mm to 3 mm diameter follicle stage, the zona pellucida kept on increasing in its thickness, the microvili on oocyte became short and curving and started to withdraw from the zona pellucida, and a large number of cortical granules began to laid beneath the plasma membrane of the oocyte.


Abstract This paper summarizes current understanding of the emergence, nature and subsequent southwestern and southeastern spread of the Early Transcaucasian (ETC) or Kura-Araxes 'culture-historical community' (Russian: obshchnost') and then places this complex cultural phenomenon in the context of the larger Early Bronze Age world of the Ancient Near East and the western Eurasian steppes.


It seems to be generally accepted that a person who signs a contractual document may not dispute his agreement to any of the terms which it contains, unless he can establish one of three defences: (a) fraud, (b) misrepresentation, or (c) non est factum.


In this paper, an effective active predictive control algorithm is developed for the vibration control of non-linear hysteretic structural systems subjected to earthquake excitation. The non-linear characteristics of the structural behaviour and the effects of time delay in both the measurements and control action are included throughout the entire analysis (design and validation). This is very important since, in current design practice, structures are assumed to behave non-linearly, and time delays induced by sensors and actuator devices are not avoidable. The proposed algorithm focuses on the instantaneous optimal control approach for the development of a control methodology where the non-linearities are brought into the analysis through a non-linear state vector and a non-linear open-loop term. An autoregressive (AR) model is used to predict the earthquake excitation to be considered in the prediction of the structural response. A performance index that is quadratic in the control force and in the predicted non-linear states, with two additional energy related terms, and that is subjected to a non-linear constraint equation, is minimized at every time step. The effectiveness of the proposed closed-open loop non-linear instantaneous optimal prediction control (CONIOPC) strategy is presented by the results of numerical simulations. Since nonlinearity and time-delay effects are incorporated in the mathematical model throughout the derivation of the control methodology, good performance and stability of the controlled structural system are guaranteed.


The surface spillway division pier on high arch dams can better improved flow pattern and characteristics of pressure on plunge pool slabs,which can enhance the efficiency of energy dissipation.But the cavitation of the division pier can not be neglected.The cavitation characteristics of Goupitan Hydropower Station with surface spillway division pier was studied by means of vacuum tank model test,in which detection techniques of underwater noise were adopted.The results indicate that the area of division pier is much possibly damaged,but the cavitation intensity was reduced clearly to cavitation initial stage in the modified scheme of adopting a circular arc.


Optoelectronic regenerators have been used in traditional opticai communication systems to convert signals from the optical to electrical and then back to the optical domain. Since its first report in 1987 11,21, the erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) has revolutionized optical communications. This optical amplifier does not need high-speed electronic circuitry and is transparent to data rate and format, which dramatically reduces cost. EDFAS also provide high gain, high power, and low noise figure. More importantly, all the optical signal channels can be amplified simultaneously within the EDFA in one fiber, thus enabling wavelength-thvision-mWtiplexing (WDM) technology. Due to the recent exponential growth in data communication and the Internet, there is an urgent demand on high capacity communication networks. To increase the total capacity, one can work on one or both of the two things, 1) high speed, which is currently limited by high speed electronics and fiber dispersion and nonlinear effects, and 2) large numbers of channels which is in turn determined by the available bandwidth and channel spacing. Since signal channel spacing is limited by filtering technology, modulation speed and format and nonlinear effects, much attention has been paid to increasing the optical amplifier bandwidth in the recent years.


Abstract This paper explores the experiences and perceptions of educators on Developmental Appraisal (DA) within the Integrated Quality Management System (IQMS) in selected South African schools. The methods used to gather information include the literature review and the empirical investigation, based on the quantitative research approach, which involved collecting data from educators regarding their experiences and perceptions on developmental appraisal. The review of related literature revealed that there are roles and responsibilities officials are tasked with, processes and effective strategies when implementing DA. The empirical investigation revealed that there are challenges that hamper the implementation of DA in schools. The challenges include: lack of resources for educator development; inadequate time frames for implementation and disruption of normal teaching and learning. At the end the paper recommends that it is essential for the Department of Education to organise workshops for educators to capacitate them in conducting developmental appraisal in their schools.


Recent meta-analyses have suggested that short-term dynamic psychotherapy is effective for depression, and antidepressants have well-established efficacy. These researchers randomized 157 patients with major depression (minimum score on the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, 14; 59% women; 52% minority race; 75% with low income) to 16 weeks …


Abstract The purpose of this paper is to develop a simple model of an economy in which growth is driven by a combination of exogenous technical change in agriculture and a rising world demand for labor-intensive manufactured exports. We explore the relative roles of an exogenous agricultural productivity shock and rising export demand in a model with two traded industrial goods and a non-traded agricultural good, food. When the non-traded sector uses a specific factor, we show that technical change in agriculture may be the key to factor migration into industry, in particular driving intersectoral labor migration. A key assumption is a less than unitary price elasticity of demand for food. Our results could form a crucial link in capturing the story of labor-abundant economies which experienced structural transformation and growth through labor-intensive manufactured exports, without prior technology breakthroughs in industry. They contribute to explaining the massive growth in factor accumulation which shows up in some growth accounting studies: they may also imply that some of the contribution of 'technical progress' is mistakenly attributed solely to factor accumulation.


The invention discloses a low-altitude flight fixed-height control system for a soft-wing unmanned plane and belongs to the field of soft-wing unmanned plane flight. The system comprises a ram parafoil, a power unit, a master control processor, height measurement equipment and a throttle adjusting unit, the ram parafoil is arranged at the top of a cabin of the soft-wing unmanned plane, the height measurement equipment is used for measuring the actual altitude of the soft-wing unmanned plane, the power unit comprises an engine and a propeller connected with the engine, the propeller is arranged at the tail of the cabin, the throttle adjusting unit is connected with the engine of the power unit so that the amount of fuel oil input into the engine can be adjusted, and the master control processor is arranged in the cabin and electrically connected with the throttle adjusting unit and the height measurement equipment at the same time so that the throttle adjusting unit can be controlled, the amount of fuel oil input into the engine can be further adjusted and the actual altitude of the soft-wing unmanned plane can be acquired from the height measurement equipment. By means of the control system, fixed-height flight of the soft-wing unmanned plane can be controlled accurately.


Abstract Francis Slade's spoken words and his writings are concrete and realistic: in their arresting formulations, their close reading and juxtaposition of texts, their use of literature and art, their insights into classical political philosophy, and their understanding of Christian faith. This article illustrates these features by examining three contrasts he develops in his work. First, the distinction between ends and purposes helps recover the classical significance of telos, which was done away with in modernity and has been lost to contemporary thought and culture. Second, Slade contrasts the premodern city, where political life naturally emerges in several kinds of communities in accord with the ends of human nature, with the modern state, which has been constructed by thought from "deracinated individuals" organized into a "depoliticized society" and governed by "decontextualized rule." Third, Slade shows how Augustine's reevaluation of human experience and Greek thought in the light of Christian revelation differs from Machiavelli's rejection of classical and Christian thought in favor of effective rationalism.


A phase and frequency‐locked loop to synchronize two microwave tube oscillators for a high density plasma collective scattering diagnostic has been designed, assembled, and tested. A Varian (VRT2121A16) reflex klystron was down converted by mixing with the eighth harmonic of a 17.437 GHz phase‐locked Gunn oscillator, and the resulting baseband was used to lock the klystron phase to a 200 MHz crystal. The down‐converted 140 GHz klystron frequency spectrum shows a linewidth <50 Hz and sideband power <50 dB below the carrier (dBc). Frequency locking of a Thomson CSF TH4224S 280 GHz carcinotron was performed and the klystron was then down converted by the stabilized carcinotron and phase locked to the 200 MHz crystal. The klystron would track the frequency excursions of the carcinotron when the system was perturbed by direct modulation with frequencies of up to 10 MHz and remained locked as long as modulation sidebands were kept <15 dBc. The locked states of both configurations show 3 to 4 orders of magnitude...


The improvement in speech quality in mobile communication can be made by reducing the noise content. The low bit rate speech coding technique such as RPE-LTP in GSM with noise signal filtering can increase the complexity of complete mechanism. The paper presents noise signal reduction in RPE-LTP speech coding technique by using Zero Crossing Rate (ZCR) and pitch values. By using this technique quality measures of speech coding technique such as SNR, PESQ, MSE are improved as compared to RPE-LTP technique without affecting complexity


1∶250,000-Scale Regional Geologic Map Spatial Database is building on the base of the newest Standard for Digital Geologic Map and Spatial Database,the geodatabase model,the classical one of spatial database model at present,which supports object-oriented vector data.In this model,entities are represented as objects class and feature class.This model defines the relationships between features classes,objects classes,or between both of the features classes and objects classes by relationship class.It adopts link,dependence,combination,heritage to describe the relationship rules between objects to create new connection set,in order to strengthen the database ability to service.By researching on the relationships between spatial granularity,description granularity,semantic granularity,storage granularity and division technology,the model realizes the geologic map data model irrelevant to the scale.


Over the last years, there has been much interest in mobile technologies for teaching and learning. Despite the focus on these emerging and innovative tools, mobile learning (mLearning) is facing many challenges. In response to the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, many schools implemented eLearning or mLearning during school closures. However, mobile activities that involve collaboration of students in outdoor environments need to be rethought, as social distance is advised. This paper provides a pragmatic example of how to respond in the uncertain present, and plan systematically for an unpredictable, post-pandemic future. It presents an alternative learning approach in a pandemic context, as the EduPARK can be explored in a virtual visit, reinforcing the connection between physical and virtual learning spaces. This way learning can happen without face-to-face interactions for those who are avoiding physical contact, for those who are far away from the location, or even for students with motor difficulties. As a reflection, the authors examine major educational changes that have recently been imposed upon teachers and educational researchers, as well as key aspects of the current emergency response in education, and resultant implications for educational technology and mLearning. © 2021


Healthcare is a data-intensive domain, once a considerable amount of data is daily produced due to monitoring patients, managing identities, producing medical records and processing medical insurance claims. Hence, security, besides other quality requirements, is prominent to preserve the confidentiality and integrity of such data. Blockchain technology has received attention as a mean to support secure transactions and records, including in the healthcare domain. The main contribution of this paper is providing preliminary results of an investigation on the recent literature on how the inherent characteristics of blockchain can enhance or hinder particular quality requirements in healthcare systems. We provide a preliminary analysis of five essential quality requirements for healthcare domain, besides pointing for advances that must still be achieved.


Mining is an important economic activity in the modern world. However, despite the generated benefits, mining produces tremendous volumes of tailings, an environmental liability with numerous adverse effects. Researches about contaminant transport in tailings dam are important to assess the degree of contamination and to propose preventive or remedial measures. In geotechnical practice, the flow of solutes is generally characterized by numerical solution of the Richards equation to describe water movement followed by advection-dispersion equation to describe contaminant movement. This study aimed to model and simulate contaminant transport in a laboratory column test, using a new analytical formulation and mathematical codes, through tailings in transient unsaturated conditions. The analytical solution for the Richards equation was used to simulate the variation in the volumetric water content and to determine the transient contaminant plume using the advection-dispersion equation subsequently. The models were used to calibrate experimental data from hydraulic characterization and contamination tests. Finally, the normalized contaminant plume (cw/c0) was simulated as a function of time and space. Comparisons with experimental data showed that the analytical formulations adequately expressed the process of contaminant infiltration through the unsaturated porous medium. The formulations offered effectively and are configured as a new approach to solve various contamination problems in transient unsaturated conditions, providing insights into many complex processes that occur in the lab tests and requires far less computational effort compared with current programs to modeling the solute transport using numerical solutions, as the versatile commercial Software HYDRUS.


Objective To observe the therapeutic effect of penehyclidine hydrochloride combined with naloxone on moderate to severe organophosphorus pesticide poisoning.Methods Sixty cases of organophosphorus pesticide poisoning (taking orally)were randomly divided into penehyclidine hydrochloride-naloxone group,penehyclidine hydrochloride group and control group,20 cases in each group.Patients in penehyclidine hydrochloride-naloxone group were treated with penehyclidine hydrochloride and naloxone,patients in penehyclidine hydrochloride group were only given penehyclidine hydrochloride without naloxone,while patients in control group with pralidoxime chloride and atropine.Results The total effective rate in hydrochloride-naloxone group (90.00%) was higher than that in penehydidine hydrochloride group ( 75.00% ) and control group ( 50.00% ),there were significant differences ( P < 0.05 ).The differences in times and totol dosage of drug administration,the adverse effects of the atropinization and the recovery time between the control group and pene hyclidine hydrochloride-naloxone group were significant ( P < 0.01 ).The above-mentioned datas were significantly shorter in penehyclidine hydrochloride-naloxone group.Conclusions Penehyclidine hydrochloride combined with naloxone is more effective than traditional therapy of atropine for morderate to severe organophosphorus pesticides poisoning,which can increase the cure rate and lower the motality.

Key words:
Naloxone;  Penehyclidine hydrochloride;  Severe organophosphorus pesticide poisoning


PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an electric oil pump device in which oil sucked from an inlet is circulated through a plurality of oil paths including an oil path introduced to an inlet port via the inside of an electric motor, and that can cool the electric motor with certainty.SOLUTION: Oil sucked from an inlet 32 into a pump housing 13 flows to an inlet port 34 through a rotor internal oil path 36. The rotor internal oil path 36 is connected from an oil pump 2 side outer peripheral side of a rotor 6 of a brushless motor 3 to an inner peripheral side, and connects the inner peripheral side of the rotor 6 in a radial direction of a common rotation axis 7. A projection part 40 restricting oil flow toward the rotor internal oil path 36 is formed at the whole circumference at a position opposed to an outer peripheral side end surface of the rotor 6 of the pump housing 13, and branched oil flows to the inlet port 34 through a rotor external oil path 37. The rotor external oil path 37 is provided to a gap between an outer peripheral surface of the rotor 6 and an inner peripheral surface of a stator 5 in an axis line direction of the common rotation axis 7.


The enzymatic background for the reversion or stabilization of an L-leucine producer, Corynebacterium glutamicum H-1204, was examined as to the activities of α-acetohydroxy acid synthetase (AHAS) and α-isopropylmalate synthetase (IPMS), which are the key enzymes for the L-valine and L-leucine biosynthetic pathways branching from a common precursor, respectively.IPMS was derepressed and desensitized to L-leucine in strain L-76 (having the same properties as H-1204) and a stabilized strain, AB-47. In contrast, AHAS was derepressed only in strain AB-47. These results clarified enzymatically that the specific enhancement of L-leucine biosynthesis induced the depletion of L-valine, which caused reversion, and also the balanced metabolism was of great importance for the breeding of a stable amino acid producer.


By the analysis of the judges 'dual role, the different result may be leaded: the game between judge and legislator, the game of the judge as personnel and litigant.


The characteristics of the many oscilloscopes available are examined in the context of selecting an instrument for a particular application. The discussion covers performance, automatic setup, menus, digital storage, and instruments for fast single shots. Cost is considered. What the oscilloscope is to be used for generally determines the choice of instrument.


In order to investigate the mechanism of the recognition of antibiotics with biomembrane, thermodynamic properties of the phosphoinositides (PIs) interacting with aminoglycoside antibiotics are studied by use of isothermal titration calorimetry. The results suggest different groups in the antibiotics have varied affinity with the PIs and neomycin B has higher affinity with phosphoinositides. PI binding to antibiotics becomes tighter as the concentration of antibiotics increase with more favorable entropy to yield a negative ΔG value, while antibiotics binding to PI become weaker with the increase of the PI concentration, and the enthalpy becomes more negative and the favorable entropic contributions are decreased. This means non-specific interactions, such as hydrogen bonds and van der Waals forces, are mainly involved the binding between antibiotics and PIs.


Based on bibliometric methods,the author analyzes 455 papers published by the scholars of mainland China in 66 foreign periodicals in the field of Information Science Library Science included in Social Sciences Citation Index from 2000 to 2010.A series of quantitative analysis has been made from the aspects of publications,periodicals,authors,affiliations,subjects,citations and so on,so as to find out the research productivity,core journals,core scholars,key organizations,main research fields,international influence and to reflect the current research status and academic ability of mainland China in the field of Information Science Library Science.


reported to be associated with an increased risk of adverse events in patients taking a P2Y12 receptor inhibitor after PCI,2 and thus in conjunction with platelet function assays new potent antiplatelet agents have been developed to improve clinical outcomes, and, moreover, the dose or duration of antiplatelet agents has been also evaluated to reduce the bleeding risk as well as the ischemic/thrombotic risk. Light transmittance aggregometry, VeryfyNowP2Y12 P ercutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is now performed worldwide for the treatment of coronary artery disease, and dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) is mainstream for reducing ischemic and thrombotic events after PCI.1 Although antithrombotic therapy has beneficial effects for patients with increased atherosclerotic disease or populations in aging societies, there are racial differences and individual variability in the response to P2Y12 receptor inhibitors, aspirin, or vitamin K-dependent anticoagulants. High residual on-treatment platelet reactivity has been Article p ????


Social media become one of the most essential part of our daily life as it enables us to be in touch with a lot of people. Creation of social networking sites such as LinkedIn, Facebook and MySpace give opportunities to communicate new peoples and friends in their own and also in the other various communities across the world. Users of social media share plenty of personal information with a large number of "friends." These enhance technology leads to violations of privacy as the users are sharing the large volumes of images across more number of people. This privacy need to be concerned in order to improve the user satisfaction level. Toward addressing this need, an Adaptive Privacy Policy Prediction (A3P) system is provided to help users compose privacy settings for their images. The role of social context, image content, and metadata examine as possible indicator of user's privacy preferences. According to the user's available history on the social site, A3P system determines the best existing privacy policy for the user's images being uploaded. The result relies on an image classification structure for image categories which may be related to the same type of policies, and on a policy prediction algorithm for automatically generate a policy for each newly uploaded image, also according to the social features of the user. Our overarching goal is to provide better tools for managing privacy of information shared in the social media sites. General Terms Your general terms must be any term which can be used for general classification of the submitted material such as Pattern Recognition, Security, Algorithms et. al.


Significant research has been focused on optimizing efficiency of crystalline silicon solar cells with nanostructured surfaces. Light absorption is greatly enhanced by light trapping in nanostructures. The main focus of research work presented here is to enhance the broadband light absorption in randomly etched nano-pillar textures. The nano-pillars were formed through metal-assisted chemical etching (MACE) process with silver nanoparticles serving as the etch masks. Uniformly distributed nano-pillars (SiNPs) were fabricated using single step etch process. Nano-pillars were fabricated on thin (∼ 150 µm) c-Si substrates by immersion into an aqueous solution of HF, AgNO3, and H2O2. The nano-pillars morphology and optical response were characterized with Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), and near IR transmission. The performance of growth nano-pillars on as-cut (without saw damage removal process) and planar substrate (with saw damage removed) was evaluated. Typical dimension...


Pedagogy has been blamed since it transplanted into china.This essay reflects upon Chinese pedagogy under modern circumstance in an angle of culture.The lost of entity results in the deviation between theory and practice,and the lack of rationality brings about the dislocation between Chinese and foreign culture at all times.In order to develop Chinese pedagogy,the basic way is to reconstruct the pedagogic "problems realm" and "discourse" based on the indigenous and epoch culture,and the key point is to exam the "own" and "other" culture with "culture conscious".


That Science is the only hope which can come to the rescue of Indian Agriculture, is a fact far too well established to need elaboration. ln order to make such a scientific impact effective enough, the quality of the scientists, their morale, service conditions and training naturally follow as v·ital programmes. Before he can be expected to roll up his sleeves and get his hands dirty, the Agricultural Scientist has to be convinced that the effort and sacrifice involved are worth their while. It is also important to ensure that when asked to swim, his limbs remain unfettered, and thus streamlined agricultural administration assumes the highest importance.


History.? The patient noticed enlargement of the left testicle while he was 13 years old ; it was quite pain'ess then. After a year he also noticed slight enlargement of the other testicle, but he cannot state when the thickening of his scrotum commenced. Within these two years his scrotum assumed the size of a child's head, and continued so till the 45ih year of his age. During the last nine years the tumour has been growing, and for the


Microorganisms are capable to produce a wide range of surface active metabolites which are known as biosurfactant. In the present study, the production of biosurfactant from Bacillus subtilis MTCC 441 and evaluation of its synergistic activities with known antibiotics against drug resistance Staphylococcus aureus were performed. Drops collapse grid method was developed for detection of biosurfactant production in the medium. The production of biosurfactant was done in previously defined Carvalho's medium. The extraction of biosurfactant was done in chloroform: methanol (2:1 v/v) solvent. The synergistic activity of crude biosurfactant was determined by disc diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration assay. The Staphylococcus aureus was found resistant against ampicillin-sublactum (10µg), ampicillin (25µg), and cloxacillin (5µg), which showed no zone of inhibition but in the combination of crude biosurfactant, the zone of inhibition were measured as 14 mm, 14 mm and 19 mm, respectively. The crude biosurfactant showed good synergy with most of the antibiotics used in the study. The results demonstrated that biosurfactant possesses considerable potentiality to break the resistance of the pathogen tested. In future, it can be used for the development of effective drug against resistant bacteria.


Author: Sojka Jacek
Title: STUDIES IN CULTURE AND THEIR ORIGINS (Kulturoznawstwo i jego źrodla)
Source: Filo-Sofija
year: 2011, vol:.12, number: 2011/1, pages: 171-181
Keywords: STUDIES IN CULTURE, CULTURAL STUDIES, PHILOSOPHY OF CULTURE, SOCIOLOGY OF CULTURE, JOZEF CHAŁASIŃSKI, JERZY KMITA
Discipline: PHILOSOPHY
Language: POLISH
Document type: ARTICLE
Publication order reference (Primary author's office address):
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Abstract In this paper the author traced the origins of studies in culture (in Polish: kulturoznawstwo). The first part deals with the philosophical tradition out of which several philosophies of culture had emerged, esp. within German philosophy at the beginning of the 20th century. The second part is dedicated to the tradition of British cultural studies which has influenced considerably today's reflection on culture. Finally, the third part points at the Polish sociology of culture of the last century. A special emphasis was put on the work of Jozef Chalasinski who tried to work out a "science of culture in its totality". His "American culture" from 1962 can be seen as a project of cultural studies in today's sense of the word. In conclusion the author tries to relate all three sources of studies in culture to the theory of Jerzy Kmita, a founder of studies in culture developed at Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan.


Layered coding elegantly handles user bandwidth heterogeneity in video conferencing, however, it incurs rate and complexity overheads. An alternative is partitioning the receiver sets and using non-layered coding for each group. In this paper, we investigate how to maximize the received video quality for both systems under uplink and downlink capacity constraints, while limiting the number of hops that the videos travel by two. Towards this end, we first show that any multicast tree is equivalent to a collection of depth-1 and depth-2 trees, under outbound and inbound flow constraints. For the layered system, we propose an algorithm that simultaneously solves for the number of video layers, the rate and distribution tree of each layer. For the receiver partitioning system, we develop an algorithm for determining the receiver partitions and tree construction for each group. Through numerical comparison study, we show that the receiver partitioning system achieves significantly higher video quality than the layered system, due to its higher coding efficiency.


We have, with interest, read the editorial on our study DANAMI-3–iPOST (1) and do agree on most of the aspects touched upon. We do, however, want to add to the editorial by raising a few points.


The paper covers the development and application of finite element techniques to thermo-mechanical instability in braking and brake disc hot judder. After a brief review of the phenomena of thermo-mechanical instability in braking and disc thermal judder, this paper describes and analyses experimental results of hot judder testing carried out on a dynamometer. Development of axisymmetric and 3D thermo-mechanical FE models capable of dealing with localised heat generation and wear is then described, with examples to illustrate their application to hot judder simulation. Through use of the 3D thermo-mechanical simulation together with the detailed analysis of experimental results, it is found that the out-of-phase thermoelastic "buckling instability" is a significant factor causing hot spotting and hot judder. This new finding contributes to the fundamental understanding of the phenomena and widens the scope to improve the brake system performance in the relevant aspects.


Abstract In some undergraduate five-year translator training programmes, the first two years are devoted to language training, and the following three years to linguistics and translator training courses. However, there is a growing concern among EFL instructors and translator trainers in Arab university English departments about an apparent decline in their 4th-year and 5th-year trainees' L2 reading comprehension skills. The question that should be addressed then by both EFL and translation instructors is whether students' L2 reading skills continue to develop after they proceed from the language training component to their linguistics and translator training courses. This cross-sectional study examines the performance of 32 subjects, drawn from the language training component, and the linguistics and translator training components in the five-year translator training programme at King Saud University, on two L2 reading comprehension tests. The study also examines their reading strategies through the use of the think-aloud technique. Results show that there is no differentiation in strategy use among the different level groups (i.e., Level 4 from the language component, Level 6 from the linguistics component, and Levels 8 and 10 from the translator training component), and that both higher level and lower level groups become entangled in bottom-up lower-level language-based text processing strategies. The macro-textual issues (i.e., top-down higher-level knowledge-based text processing) such as knowledge of text type, anticipation of content, integration of ideas, inferencing, etc. seem to be overlooked in current translator training courses at King Saud University.


Posttranslational modifications on MIEN1 regulate its invasion function. (A-G) MDA-MB231 transfected cells were prelabeled with calcein AM fluorescent dye and an invasion assay was performed with 10 % serum as a chemoattractant in the lower chamber. The fold change of invasion was normalized to GFP (empty vector) transfected cells and expressed as the means ¹ S.E. of three independent experiments (O). (TIFF 11758 kb)


Amorphous chalcogenides undergo a sharp increase in conductivity upon application of a strong electric field, called threshold switching. Here, we show evidence for threshold switching driven by picosecond terahertz-frequency electric field pulses.


This current research work reflects the role of beneficial organism in altering leather industry wastewater sludge into a precious product using chicken manure. leather industry wastewater sludge was lethal to beneficial organism; thus, it was assorted with chicken manure in various ratios viz. (SL0) 0:100, (SL15) 15:85, (SL25) 25:75, (SL50) 50:50, (SL75) 75:25 on dry weight basis. The high stockpile and lower mortality of beneficial organism (earthworm & microorganism) was in (SL0) feed mixture. Carbon nitrogen ratio, EC, and organic carbon were declined in the following pattern 30.87-38.32%, 46.35-73.3%, and 25.85-15.84%, respectively. On the other hand, pH, total Kjeldahl Nitrogen, potassium, Calcium, phosphorus, and sodium were increased from initial in the range of pH (3.45-12.8%), 7.14–64%, 8.1-43.64%, 17.24–76.92%, 10.19–46.87% & 25-68.75%, respectively. Total concentration of heavy metals raised pointedly and within the allowable boundary. Therefore, results designated that remediation of tannery sludge through eco-friendly technology using beneficial organisms is acceptable for altering this leather industry wastewater sludge into valuable manure product.


OBE(On Board Equipment) of IR(Infrared)/RF(Radio Frequence)-DSRC(Dedicated Short Range Communication) are set up 1.25 million cars because Korea Highway Cooperation supplied in HiPass(Domestic Electronic Toll Collection System). But this DSRC system has strength and weakness of service for BIS(Bus Information System) or UTIS(Urban Traffic Information System) because BIS and UTIS are required vary high communication's performance and management. In this paper, Efficiency of IR/RF-DSRC is analyzed performance of MAC(Medium Access Control) by computer simulation for services of BIS or UTIS, so Suggested to be commensurated with medium of there service. Specially, DSRC is needed high mobility and throughput in the vary short communication range, so Analysed the transmission rate of data in each communication medium over the specific character of the MAC frame.


When studying the phenomenon of the pulling into step of a synchronous induction motor from the mathematical point of view, it is usually assumed that the synchronizing torque is a sinusoidal function of the angular distance between the stator and rotor fields. The following research points out that this is erroneous for several reasons, the most important of which is the effect of armature reaction. This sets up a double-frequency component in the synchronizing torque which very considerably modifies the conditions during synchronizing. The synchronizing torque of a salient-pole motor also possesses a double-frequency component but it is produced differently from that of the non-salient-pole motor. It is shown that the operation of the motor when this component is taken into account is amenable to mathematical solution. An experimental investigation carried out on a small induction motor run as a synchronous motor is also described.


The time has not yet arrived to state in terms of psychodynamics what actually goes on during group psychotherapy meetings. What can be done right now is the collection of observations, the reporting of this material and the exchange of opinion. It is fashionable now to talk about thepatient as a whole. My army experience has taught me to talk also about the treatment as a whole. G.P.T. was only a part of such treatment as a whole. Another part of the whole was the previous hospitalization, the chain of evacuation, the admission to the last hospital, the observation on the closed ward, the work up, the board meeting, the life on the ward, the Red Cross activities, the visiting hours, the sick leave, finally the transfer to the open ward and the reconditioning barracks. Group psychotherapy is only a part of this hospital life. During all of this time the men had to adjust simultaneously to different and difficult situations, among them the fact that they were back in the States, that they were considered m...


The essay analyses the various understandings of the basic philosophy problem and believes the fact that the basic philosophy problem "the relationship between material and consciousness" can't exist.The essay also points out that the basic philosophy problem should be expressed as:What's the origin of the world?It also states that this kind of expression fits both the research object and the history of philosophy and the logical and philosophical functions.This expression makes philosophy not only as a research on the relation of origin and end of the people's thinking and the other matter of the world,but also as a real research on the whole world.This expression can change the present conditions of the philosophy history research;meanwhile,it makes the philosophy parties divided not only in materialism and idealism.This expression will benefit philosophy to play its functions and guide us to realize and transform the world.


This work reports the fabrication and testing of flexible carbon nanotube microdevices made using hot embossing material transfer. Both micro-plasma and photodetector devices were made using as-grown unpurified multi-wall carbon nanotubes printed on PMMA substrates. Optical detectors were fabricated by attaching metal wires and monitoring the resistance as a function of light exposure. The electrical resistance of the nanotubes showed a strong sensitivity to light exposure which was also enhanced by heating the devices. While such processes in MWCNTs are not fully understood, the addition of thermal energy is believed to generate additional free charge carriers in the nanotubes. The plasma-generating microdevices consisted of a thin layer of thermoplastic polymer having the CNT electrode on one side and a metal electrode on the reverse side. The devices were electrically tested under atmospheric conditions with 0.01–1 kV ac and at 2.5 kHz, with the plasma igniting near 0.7 kV. The fabrication of these flexible organic devices demonstrates the ability to pattern useful carbon nanotube microdevices in low-cost thermoplastic polymers.


: The empowerment of women in the economic sector can be used as an approach that can help improve the family economy through entrepreneurship, as an educated workforce. Through the Business Study Group (KBU) women will learn to manage the business and become a leader. This study was conducted for 6 months with a qualitative approach case study method, the study site at 3 institutions Community Learning Center (CLC) and the one institution Rumah Pintar that has implemented women's empowerment programs, especially for those who are illiterate and single mother. The purpose of this study is illustrated by the attitude of female leadership that may affect its group. The results showed climate demanding group leader women to maintain mutual trust, responsibility, capable of making decisions and share experiences, be a motivator for its members, and the ability to communicate, so as to create an atmosphere of learning and productive organizational performance. The larger the group is formed, the more complex character who embodied leadership.


The aim of this study was to explore how various levels of information asymmetry affect the capital structure of listed companies in Taiwan and China. Regression results over the past few decades have indicated that the trade-off theory lacks explanatory power, bringing into question the accuracy of the static trade-off theory and the existence of an optimal capital structure. On the other hand, the financial decisions of companies do not always appear consistent with the pecking order theory. Building on the research of Chou et al. (2011), this study sought to verify the signal factor hypothesis, which combines the trade-off theory with the pecking order theory. This study was the first one to employ the panel KPSS test with sharp drifts, developed by Chang and Ranjbar (2012), as well as the Fourier function to verify that an optimal capital structure does exist for companies with more symmetric information, thereby establishing the trade-off theory. Firms with information asymmetry show adverse selection costs, which supports the pecking order theory and rejects the existence of an optimal capital structure.