This hospital-based descriptive study was aimed to investigate the prevalence of polypharmacy in the treatment of patients with diabetis mellitus type II in Phatthalung province. There were 20,809 patients were diagnosed as diabetes mellitus type II by physicians in the province; and were registered in Phatthalung provincial chronic disease database and the 43-folder record of structured standardized database per formed by hospitals under monitoring and supervision by Phatthalung Provincial Health Office. Exclusion criteria were no results of glycemic hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C) and not receiving oral diabetic medicine during the study. Altogether 8,322 diabetic patients were enrolled in the study. The data was gathered between January and December 2015. The variables were defined as using diabetic polypharmacy and total polypharmacy. The data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics. The results revealed that 55.08% of diabetic patients took 2 or more diabetic medicines during treatment. An average of taking diabetic medicine was 1.6 (SD=0.58) items. Furthermore, 56.91 percent of diabetic patients with comorbidity and complication took 5 or more total medicines during treatment. An average of taking total medicine was 5.35 (SD=2.64) items. The results suggested that health staff working and responsible at diabetic care clinics should monitor and inspect about drug related problems and undesirable clinical outcomes in pa tients with diabetic polypharmacy or total polypharmacy. Key words: polypharmacy, diabetic pharmacy, diabetes mellitus


Fifteen morphometric and four meristic characters of Saurida tumbil were studied and their relationships with total length and head length were established. The length weight relationship worked out to be W= -5.6055 L(super)3.291. The fish is a carnivore, feeding mainly on small fishes, molluscs and crustaceans. Larger fishes are selective feeders on fish. It is a long protracted spawner. Fecundity varied from 6008 to 17384 eggs in specimens of size group 212-420 mm. Fecundity-total length, fecundity-total weight of fish and fecundity - total weight of ovary relationships were worked out to be F=0.9414 L(super)1.6626, F=180.7069 W(super)0.7531 and F=3153.0375 W(super)0.8278 respectively.


A detailed transmission electron microscopy study is performed on the pyramidal inversion domains that appear in highly Mg-doped GaN grown by metalorganics vapor phase epitaxy or by the highpressure, high-temperature method. From a comparison between high resolution images of the inversion domain boundaries and simulations using different atomic models, we conclude that both basal and inclined domain boundaries are likely formed of a monomolecular layer of the definite compound Mg 3 N 2 . We show that, due to their high concentration, the formation of these defects may account for auto-compensation in Mg-doped GaN. We also show that the local band bending induced by the polarity inversion due to these defects can be at the origin of the blue luminescence of highly Mg-doped GaN, always observed when nanometric pyramidal inversion domains are also present.


ĂIn the coming years, more hybrid and full electric vehicles will be coming to the market and some new challenges will arise for noise and vibration engineers. One of them is the flow-induced noise within ducts and vents in HVAC systems leading potentially to customer complaints. Among the different strategies aimed at predicting the generation of noise by turbulent flows, hybrid approaches allow us to compute the acoustic pressure by assuming the decoupling of sound generation and propagation. In this work, different sound source formulations using either the pressure or the velocity field provided by an incompressible fluid dynamics simulation are investigated using Finite and Boundary Elements Methods. The different approaches are compared in the specific case consisting of a low Mach number flow in a rectangular duct obstructed by a diaphragm.


A number of studies have demonstrated the clash of discourse worlds that occurs when the law and the lay client meet, due to the specific expectations and assumptions of relevance of the law which conflict with the everyday discourse practices of the lay client. Such a clash often causes frustration on both sides, and more seriously, can have a negative impact on the outcome of legal cases. This paper has applied the principle of lawyer client discourse differences to the situation where the client is a non-English speaker requiring the intervention of an interpreter. This paper bases its hypothesis on authentic data of Spanish-English interpreted proceedings and reports the main results of discourse alterations by the interpreter.


This paper presents the development of two degrees of freedom vehicle dynamics model driven by an In-Wheel BLDC (Brushless Direct Current) Motor. Appropriate linear control is proposed to test and validate the model of the vehicle equipped with the In-Wheel BLDC motor. The driving wheel is subjected to a non-linear load torque resulting from the interaction produced between the tire and the road surface. The road state effects are modeled by the Pacejka model. The objectives of this paper are based on two points: the first objective is to present a model dealing with the vehicle dynamics while considering the effect of the road during acceleration and deceleration mode in the longitudinal direction. In the second objective, a linear control strategy of the vehicle In-Wheel BLDC motor is developed dealing with the longitudinal dynamics of the vehicle to test and validate the model thus developed. For security, the vehicle speed must be regulated, both in acceleration and deceleration modes, despite unpredictable changes in the road state. To this end, a linear controller is formally shown to meet its objectives i.e. perfect chassis and In-Wheel BLDC motor speeds regulation.


The invention discloses a method and a device for controlling wearable computing equipment to convert the state, and belongs to the technical field of a computer. The method comprises the following steps that: when equipment is in a standby state, the movement change condition of the equipment is detected, and the movement change information of the equipment is obtained; and when the speed change information in the obtained movement change information meets the preset state switching condition, the equipment is controlled to be converted into a work state from the standby state. Through obtaining the movement change information of the equipment and comparing each movement change quantity in the movement change information with preset thresholds controlling the equipment to change the operation state, when the movement change quantity reaches the preset threshold, the equipment is controlled to change the operation state; the mode of changing the operation state of the equipment through touching press keys is avoided; the efficiency of changing the operation state is improved; and in addition, the occurrence of press key failure events due to frequent operation on the press keys is avoided.


This paper presents a low voltage wideband down- conversion mixer using current-mode approach for multi-standard receivers. The proposed mixer uses a current mirror amplifler with an embedded passive switching core to achieve mixing function, which can combine the advantages of active and passive mixers simultaneously. The mixer is implemented using a 0.18"m CMOS technology and covers frequency band from 0.5GHz to 4.0GHz. A comparison with conventional CMOS down-conversion mixer shows that this current- mode mixer has advantages of large conversion gain, low noise flgure and high linearity. Over the entire bandwidth, the mixer features a measured power conversion gain of 8:9 » 9:6dB, a double-sideband (DSB) noise flgure of 6:9 » 9:3dB and an input third-order intercept point (IIP3) of 2:0 » 5:8dBm, while consuming 8mA from a 1.2V supply voltage. The mixer occupies the active area of 0:43£0:46mm 2 including testing pads.


Bearing performance degradation assessment and prognostics are extremely important in supporting maintenance decision and guaranteeing the system's reliability. To achieve this goal, this paper proposes a novel feature extraction method for the degradation assessment and prognostics of bearings. Features of time-frequency codes (TFCs) are extracted from the time-frequency distribution using a hybrid procedure based on short-time Fourier transform (STFT) and non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) theory. An alternative way to design the health indicator is investigated by quantifying the similarity between feature vectors using a self-organizing map (SOM) network. On the basis of this idea, a new health indicator called time-frequency code quantification error (TFCQE) is proposed to assess the performance degradation of the bearing. This indicator is constructed based on the bearing real-time behavior and the SOM model that is previously trained with only the TFC vectors under the normal condition. Vibration signals collected from the bearing run-to-failure tests are used to validate the developed method. The comparison results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed TFCQE indicator over many other traditional features in terms of feature quality metrics, incipient degradation identification and achieving accurate prediction. Highlights • Time-frequency codes are extracted to reflect the signals' characteristics. • SOM network served as a tool to quantify the similarity between feature vectors. • A new health indicator is proposed to demonstrate the whole stage of degradation development. • The method is useful for extracting the degradation features and detecting the incipient degradation. • The superiority of the proposed method is verified using experimental data.


According to natural moisturizing factor,water and lipid viz.,a skin moisturizing cream was developed by imitating the skin's natural moisturizing system itself. And the obtained skin moisturizing cream was used to test its moisturizing effect by measuring skin hydration degree when rubbed on skin for 8 h. The results showed that the obtained product had good sustained moisturizing ability,and its overall satisfaction rate was above 90%.


S OME TIME AGO I called attention to the numerous types of errors in the so-called "standard" edition of the correspondence of Charles Lamb.2 Examples were given of faulty dating, erroneous location of manuscripts, incorrect transcription of text, and misinformation in the notes. While many errors were the result of following previous, faulty readings, many others were inaugurated. The examples were taken from all three volumes of this edition and were not confined to any one collection of manuscripts. It was concluded that we cannot call the Lucas edition a definitive one but one that must be used with suspicion and caution. The present paper is not concerned with presenting additional proof of these findings; none is needed. Its purpose is to correct Lucas' text of those letters whose original manuscripts are preserved at the Henry E. Huntington Library.3 Over two hundred manuscript letters written by Charles and Mary Lamb are owned by the Huntington. Representing one fifth of the total corpus of known letters, this is by far the largest collection of Lamb manuscripts in the world. The correction of the major errors in so many letters should be of value to scholars of the Romantic Period, who are constantly quoting from, or referring to, Lamb's letters as evidence leading to some assertion about his contemporaries. Lamb was a central figure with a large circle of friends, and it is only natural to turn to his letters for evidence, but


Abstract : Compressed discs, of freeze-dried blueberries and red tart pitted cherries have been produced. Technological evaluations of pies prepared from cherries and blueberries compressed at 100 to 1500 pounds per square inch, indicate no significant difference in flavor, texture and appearance from those prepared from the uncompressed counterpart. Compression ratios obtained for freeze-dried blueberries and cherries, respectively, were 1:7 and 1:8. Compression ratios were 1:13 and 1:12, respectively, when compared to loose frozen product.


Professor Mark Anderson takes aim at sports psychologists that over emphasise the importance of sports psychology's influence in performance and promise too much as far as improving athletes' performance is concerned.


Wireless sensor networking continues to evolve as one of the most exciting and challenging research areas of our time. In the real world, there are many applications of wireless sensor networks that collect and send sensitive important information to the Base Station. Due to the wireless communication's insecure nature and considering the fact that sensor nodes always are distributed in a hostile environment, having well implemented security scheme is very essential. Considering important security services like Authentication and Access control, we proposed a new security scheme for these networks. In the proposed scheme, Bloom Filter data structure has been used for pre-Authentication and Access controls; also for main Authentication service the Elliptic Curve Diffie-Hellman scheme has been implemented. The implementation results show that our scheme has significant improvement comparing to HBQ scheme regarding power and time consumption.


Abstract This article examines the legal and policy responses of the Nigerian government and other agencies to human trafficking, which is one of the central social and economic challenges facing the country today. After exploring the nature and dimensions of the practice, it argues that Nigeria's unenviable position as a country of origin, transit and destination in human trafficking, as well as the impact of the practice on the lives of the victims and adverse implications for the country's corporate image, make it imperative that effective measures are adopted to combat it. In this respect, while accepting that legal measures are important in achieving the objective, the article highlights some deficiencies in current efforts and suggests a multidimensional approach, with greater emphasis on the "push" and "pull" factors of human trafficking prevalent in the country, such as high levels of unemployment, poverty, inequality and marginalization.


One of the major limiting factors in aquaculture production is poor water quality which can negatively affect the yield from aquaculture venture. There is therefore the need to study the rate of interrelationship among key water quality parameters in relation to water quality management and productivity. The level of interaction among dissolved oxygen, ammonia, pH, and temperature in two culturing facilities (Earthen and Concrete ponds) was therefore investigated. Water samples were collected from concrete and earthen fish ponds in a commercial fish farm in Ibadan. The concrete tanks and earthen ponds used for the experiment have the same stocking rate; number of stocked fish; water source and feeding rate and frequency. Water samples were collected randomly from 4 different points in each of the rearing facilities with a sampling bottle in the morning (8.00-8.30am) and evening (5.00-5.30pm) immediately after feeding; this is done weekly for 6weeks. Also the mortality of fish in the studied facilities was recorded. Four different physico-chemical parameters (Temperature, pH, Dissolved oxygen and Ammonia) were analyzed and measured using HATCH analysis water testing kit model FF-1A immediately after water sample collection. Data collected were analysed using ANOVA and correlation and were test for significance at p=0.05. The result showed that, the mean values of pH was (8.15±0.17; 8.69±0.17); temperature (27.95±1.88; 30.21±1.880C) and dissolved oxygen (4.79±3.98; 11.38±3.98mg/l) were obtained in the morning and evening respectively. Mean dissolved oxygen was (7.04±3.98; 9.12±3.98mg/l); pH (7.9±0.17; 8.9±0.17mg/l); and ammonia (0.5±0.24; 2.09±0.24) in concrete tanks and earthen ponds respectively. The highest values of temperature (33.000C); dissolved oxygen (13.00mg/l) were obtained in the evening. The values obtained for dissolved oxygen and temperatures showed significant variations between the time of the day. Mean mortality recorded was (1.2±1.07); (2.6±1.07) in concrete and earthen ponds respectively. Mortality recorded shows positive correlation with temperature and ammonia with correlation coefficient (r=0.18) and (r=0.54) respectively, however, ammonia level had direct significant relationship with mortality. It is concluded that there exist interrelationship among the key water quality parameters examined, and there values varies with time of the day and between different culture facilities.


1. A Brief Historical Perspective on Nuclear Cardiology 2. Radiation Physics and Radiation Safety 3. Imaging Instrumentation 4. Kinetics of Myocardial Perfusion Imaging Radiotracers 5. Acquisition, Processing and Quantification of Nuclear Cardiac Images 6. Image Artifacts 7. Myocardial Perfusion Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography Attenuation Correction 8. Gated Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography 9. Exercise Treadmill Testing and Exercise Myocardial Perfusion Imaging 10. Pharmacologic Stress Testing and Other Alternative Techniques in the Diagnosis of Coronary Artery Disease 11. Risk assessment in CAD 12. Use of Nuclear Techniques in the Assessment of Patients before and after Cardiac Revascularization Procedures 13. Diagnosis and Risk Assessment in Women 14. Evaluation of Patients with Acute Chest Pain Syndromes: Assessment with Perfusion Imaging in the Emergency Department 15. Fatty Acid and MIBG Imaging 16. Myocardial Perfusion Imaging in the Assessment of Therapeutic Interventions 17. Radionuclide Angiography 18. Positron Emission Tomography 19. Myocardial Viability/Hibernation 20. Other Heart Diseases 21. Development of Newer Radiotracers for Evaluation of Myocardial and Vascular Disorders 22. Nuclear Cardiology Compared to Other Imaging Methods 23. Cost-Effectiveness Analysis in Nuclear Cardiology 24. Interpreting and Reporting Nuclear Studies 25. ACC/AHA/ASNC Guidelines and Position Papers 26. Practical Aspects of Running a Nuclear Cardiology Laboratory


While previous work has shown that knowledge distillation improves small-model performance on NLP benchmark tasks (Hinton et al., 2015), it is still unclear how smaller models learn from the knowledge of their teachers (Belinkov and Glass, 2019). Given that achieving a deep understanding of linguistic properties typically relies on the complexity of large language models (Tamkin et al., 2021), we explore whether DistilBERT models finetuned with distillation on natural language inference (NLI) are really learning deep language rules, or if they are simply picking up on heuristics they can use to mimic their teacher's (BERT's) outputs. We first verify that the in-distribution gains from finetuning with distillation generalize to other NLI datasets. Then, through function-word NLI probing and word-level edge probing, we demonstrate that during NLI distillation finetuning, student DistilBERT models do absorb understanding of linguistic properties from their teacher, both in positive and negative ways. In particular, we find that the gains in generalized NLI performance provided by distillation finetuning are at least partially because distillation improves DistilBERT's understanding of function words.


THE LEGITIMIZING POWER Of the term 'science' is apparently inexhaustible. One might have hoped, with the bankruptcy of crude philosophical positivism and the now recognized triviality and irrelevance of much of the 'scientific' research undertaken by students of man and society in the last two decades,2 that less scientized disciplines like education could bypass the unrewarding methodologism that has marked the fashionable, self-indulgent adolescence of too many of the developing humanities. While there is room in all of the humanities for increased rigor, more systematic, encompassing theory and a growth of comparative analysis, these modest aims often seem to be secondary in the rush to overcome an imagined inferiority,3 to stake out a claim to attention (and perhaps to a greater share of research funding), and to be done forever with complexity, uncertainty and even creativity. The remarks that follow may seem to some simplistic and unoriginal, but so then is the version of science advanced by certain ambitious social scientists to which the essay addresses itself. The comments fall into two parts: the first raising some basic problems in the philosophy of science, the second dealing more concretely with some specific difficulties that attend social scientific inquiry.


Supramolecular chemistry - chemistry of non-covalent bonds including different type of intermolecular interactions viz., ion-pairing, ion-dipole, dipole-dipole, hydrogen bonding, cation-p and Van der Waals forces. Applications based on supramolecular concepts for developing catalysts, molecular wires, rectifiers, photochemical sensors have been evolved during recent years. Mimicking natural photosynthesis to build energy harvesting devices has become important for generating energy and solar fuels that could be stored for future use. In this dissertation, supramolecular chemistry is being explored for creating light energy harvesting devices. Photosensitization of semiconductor metal oxide nanoparticles, such as titanium dioxide (TiO2) and tin oxide (SnO2,), via host-guest binding approach has been explored. In the first part, self-assembly of different porphyrin macrocyclic compounds on TiO2 layer using axial coordination approach is explored. Supramolecular dye sensitized solar cells built based on this approach exhibited Incident Photon Conversion Efficiency (IPCE) of 36% for a porphyrin-ferrocene dyad. In the second part, surface modification of SnO2 with water soluble porphyrins and phthalocyanine resulted in successful self-assembly of dimers on SnO2 surface. IPCE more than 50% from 400 - 700 nm is achieved for the supramolecular self-assembled heterodimer photocells is achieved. In summary, the axial ligation and ion-pairing method used as supramolecular tools to build photocells, exhibited highest quantum efficiency of light energy conversion with panchromatic spectral coverage. The reported findings could be applied to create interacting molecular systems for next generation of efficient solar energy harvesting devices.


Background: Osteoporosis is a major public health problem, associated with substantial morbidity and socio-economic burden. The objective of the present study was to screen the general population for osteoporosis in a rural area of Jammu region . Methods: 3 screening camps were conducted at 6 monthly intervals between the time period 2015-2016, at the Accidental Hospital, Chowki Choura, which is a rural area of district Jammu, JK however the prevalence of osteoporosis was more among females as compared to males (18% vs. 8.3% respectively) .


The intestinal flora is an important part of the intestinal microecology and plays an important role in maintainingthe health of the body. Probiotics are a kind of fungus that is beneficial to the human body. It can help preventthe invasion of viruses and reduce the occurrence of diseases, help accelerate the establishment of barriers andprotection of the intestine, and adjust the immune system. The interaction between probiotics and the epidermalbarrier on the intestine lays an important foundation for the development and utilization of probiotics. Thisarticle mainly analyzes the effect of probiotics combined with early enteral nutrition on the physical fitness ofdragon boat athletes. Dragon boat exercise is a high-intensity, heavy-load sports event, which has a goodregulating effect on the cardiopulmonary function of athletes. At the same time, it is pointed out that the trainingof dragon boat sports should select the basic physiological and biochemical monitoring indicators of the projectaccording to the characteristics of the physiological and biochemical changes of dragon boat athletes, establish ascientific training system, and use modern scientific training methods and methods to improve the dragon boat.1. The training effect of our national traditional sports.


The pathophysiology of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) is characterised by a dynamic equilibrium of resting and proliferative tumour cells. While CLL cells in the peripheral blood are mostly G0‐arrested, those residing in lymphoid organs have an activated signature due to supportive signals from diverse immune and stromal cell types (Herishanu et al, 2011). The clinical success of novel small molecule inhibitors targeting Bruton tyrosine kinase, such as Ibrutinib, and phosphatidylinositol‐3 kinase (PI3K), such as Idelalisib, strengthens the idea that signals downstream of the B cell receptor are critical for CLL development and progression. In this context, the protein kinase C (PKC) and PI3K pathways are indisputable chief players (for review see Woyach et al, 2012). We and others have shown that downstream of PI3K and PKC‐beta, the serine/threonine kinase AKT, also known as protein kinase B (PKB), regulates various signalling cascades involved in survival (Hofbauer et al, 2010; Zhuang et al, 2010). AKT is encoded by three distinct genes, namely AKT1, AKT2 and AKT3 (also termed PKB‐alpha, PKB‐beta, PKB‐gamma, respectively). AKT1 and AKT2 are ubiquitously expressed whereas AKT3 is mainly expressed in testes and brain (Yang et al, 2003). In this study, we aimed to gain insight into isoform‐specific expression of AKT, and the contribution of AKT1 and AKT2 to stromal and activated T cell‐mediated survival and chemoresistance in CLL.

Peripheral blood samples from CLL patients were collected after informed consent was obtained in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and under the ethical approval of the Ethics Commission of the Province of Salzburg (415‐E/1287/4–2011, 415‐E/1287/8–2011).

First, analysing basal AKT isoform expression in unstimulated purified CLL cells, we observed increased AKT2 mRNA and AKT2 protein expression as compared to AKT1 (Fig 1A and B). As we had previously noted increased AKT phosphorylation in CLL stromal cell co‐cultures (Hofbauer et al, 2010), we evaluated AKT phosphorylation kinetics and isoform contribution to this phenomenon. AKT was rapidly phosphorylated at serine 473 (pS473), a phosphorylation site crucial for full AKT activation (Sarbassov et al, 2005), and remained in the activated form for at least 24 h (Fig 1Ci). To assess the relative activation of AKT1 versus AKT2 in CLL cells co‐cultured with primary stromal cells, we analysed the phosphorylation at Ser473 (AKT1) and Ser474 (AKT2). We observed robust stromal cell‐induced AKT activation of both isoforms in CLL cells cultured in direct cell‐cell contact with stromal cells (Fig 1Cii), but not in CLL cells separated from the stromal layer by a transwell insert (Fig 1Di). AKT activation was associated with increased cell viability (Fig 1Dii).

Figure 1

AKT1 is the dominant AKT isoform in stromal cell mediated chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) cell survival. (A) AKT1 and AKT2 mRNA expression in CD19‐positive selected CLL cells (n = 10) were measured by quantitative real‐time ...

Next, we treated co‐cultured CLL cells with several AKT inhibitors. As there is no AKT1‐specific inhibitor available, we used the pan‐AKT inhibitors MK2206 and AiX, and the AKT2‐selective inhibitor, Akti‐2. The specificities of these inhibitors were confirmed by an AKT isoform‐specific pull‐down and subsequent in vitro kinase assay to detect phosphorylation of the AKT substrate GSK3A/B after MK2206 or Akti‐2 treatment of the Epstein‐Barr virus‐positive CLL patient‐derived MEC1 cells (Fig 1E). Applying the inhibitors to primary CLL cells co‐cultured with stromal cells indicated that the selective inhibition of AKT2 did not decrease cell viability, whereas pan‐AKT inhibition resulted in significantly decreased survival (Fig 1F), suggesting a dominance of AKT1 or a cooperation of both isoforms in maintaining cell vitality. Genetic manipulations in primary CLL cells are hard to achieve, therefore, to address these alternatives, we used a siRNA approach to target AKT1 or AKT2 in MEC1 cells. Successful and similar knockdown efficiencies were achieved in both experimental settings (Fig 1G). However, the transient knockdown of AKT1, but not AKT2, resulted in loss of cell viability, establishing AKT1 as the dominant AKT isoform (Fig 1H). Consistently, simultaneous knockdown of both isoforms did not further reduce viability compared to the single AKT1 knockdown (Fig 1H).

Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia cells co‐cultured with activated T cells are rapidly activated, allowing us to mimic in vitro at least part of the proliferative processes that take place in lymph nodes (Asslaber et al, 2013). Under these co‐culture conditions, we observed significant transcriptional upregulation of both AKT1 and AKT2 within 24 h (Fig 2A), which was accompanied by phosphorylation of both isoforms on the protein level (Fig 2B).

Figure 2

AKT1 phosphorylation and regulation by STAT3 upon T cell‐mediated activation results in fludarabine resistance. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) patients containing >5% T cells were activated ...

We next studied AKT isoform activation in the context of the oncogene STAT3, a factor of clinical significance to CLL, which has been described to directly interact with the AKT1 promoter (Park et al, 2005; Hazan‐Halevy et al, 2010). Activation of CLL cells by T cells resulted in pronounced STAT3 signalling (pY(705)‐STAT3), which could be antagonised by treatment with the STAT3 inhibitor S3I‐201 (Fig 2C). STAT3 inhibition significantly decreased AKT1 mRNA expression (Fig 2D), indicating an interaction of these pathways upon CLL cell activation. Notably, relative AKT isoform transcription and protein expression in activated CLL cells was not altered upon treatment with the novel small molecule inhibitors Ibrutinib or Idelalisib (data not shown).

These observations prompted us to investigate potential synergistic effects of AKT‐ or STAT3‐inhibition with conventional drugs used in the treatment of CLL. We recently observed that T cell activated‐CLL cells gain resistance towards fludarabine (Hofbauer et al, 2014). Consistently, CLL cells co‐cultured with activated T cells remained viable for up to 48 h even in the presence of fludarabine. However, exposure to the pan‐AKT or STAT3 inhibitor induced CLL cell apoptosis within 24 h (data not shown), indicating that inhibition of AKT or STAT3 is able to overcome CLL activation‐induced protection. Notably, after 48 h of culture, CLL cells exposed to the STAT3 inhibitor underwent strong apoptosis irrespective of the presence of fludarabine. Pan‐AKT inhibition, but importantly not AKT2 inhibition, resulted in decreased cell viability levels, which were significantly pronounced when combined with fludarabine (Fig 2E).

Taken together, our results indicate a dominant role of AKT1 in microenvironment‐mediated CLL survival and chemoresistance. CLL patients could particularly benefit from targeting the predominant AKT1 isoform, which may also increase the response rate towards classical chemotherapeutics.


To improve people's psychological harmony is one of the contributions that psychology can make to the construction of harmonious society.In China researches on psychological harmony are mainly centred on such three aspects as its connotation and structure,exploring measurements,and investigating people's harmonious psychology and its influence factors.We are at the primary exploring stage and still have a lot of problems to solve.


This paper reports the findings of a FP7 project (DEMCAMER) that developed materials (catalysts and membranes) and new processes for four industrially relevant reaction processes. In this project, active, stable, and selective catalysts were developed for the reaction systems of interest and their production scaled up to kg scale (TRL5 (TRL: Technology Readiness Level)). Simultaneously, new membranes for gas separation were developed; in particular, dense supported thin palladium-based membranes for hydrogen separation from reactive mixtures. These membranes were successfully scaled up to TRL4 and used in various lab-scale reactors for water gas shift (WGS), using both packed bed and fluidized bed reactors, and Fischer-Tropsch (FTS) using packed bed reactors and in prototype reactors for WGS and FTS. Mixed ionic-electronic conducting membranes in capillary form were also developed for high temperature oxygen separation from air. These membranes can be used for both Autothermal Reforming (ATR) and Oxidative Coupling of Methane (OCM) reaction systems to increase the efficiency and the yield of the processes. The production of these membranes was scaled up to TRL3–4. The project also developed adequate sealing techniques to be able to integrate the different membranes in lab-scale and prototype reactors.


The three-stage process of assessment is a structured, complete approach to the appraisal of a whole child. These systematic procedures insure due consideration for all factors affecting educational functioning. Stage 1 is designed to detgermine physical, mental, or emotional disability; Stage 2 to identify significant educational needs; Stage 3 to identify specific learning competencies and necessary instructional and related services. When all three stages are correctly and adequately addressed, the inherent bias in standardized tests will be offset by the identificantion of learning competencies and the subsequent development of appropriate learning strategies.


In this paper, we present a new control-design procedure for linear time-invariant (LTI) systems with "multiple" delays. These procedures are based on algebraic tools and allow designing controllers that can stabilize such systems regardless of how large/small the delays are. That is, with these controllers, the system at hand can be rendered delay-independent stable (DIS). The essence of the control design is based on the Rekasius transformation, algebraic tools, elimination techniques, and Sturm sequences. The advantages of the design procedure are that it simplifies the control design to managing the roots of some single-variable polynomials while also preserving the controller structure and complying with the necessary and sufficient conditions of stability.


The article researched and formulated speed exercise path for the female university students and engaged them in the speed exercise path for a semester.And then,the researchers compared the data their body shape,body function,fitness,body composition before and after the exercise.The results showed the body shape indexes of the girls in the university have no apparent change.The indexes of the inspiration time of body increased significantly.The indexes of the quality including standing long jump,800 meter run,50 meter run,cross run,ten meters replication error walk,holding the ruler between two hands increased significantly.The indexes of body composition and body fat percentage decreased significantly.The promotion of speed exercise path can effectively prove the health of the girls in the university,and provide scientific reference for health education of female college students.


The detachment of anterior acrylic resin teeth from maxillary dentures is an all too frequent occurrence. This detachment is commonly found at the tooth –denture base resin interface. The present study was conducted to compare & evaluate the effect of horizontal retention grooves placed on the ridge lap area of acrylic resin teeth on tooth –denture base bond. 80 maxillary central incisors of acrylic resin were selected for the study & divided into two groups of 40 each. Group-A served as a control group where no mechanical preparation of the tooth was done. In group B –horizontal groove was cut into the ridge lap area of the tooth. These teeth were attached to the wax mold & processed in standard denture base resin. Maximum force causing fracture at the interface was noted by using Universal Instron Machine. The result show that the horizontal grooves prepared on the ridge lap area of acrylic resin teeth provide superior bond strength than that provided by acrylic resin teeth without grooves.


Agricultural policy measures are directed increasingly towards encouraging production systems that are deemed to be favourable for ecologically valued plant communities and species. This paper presents an approach to linking an ecological model of vegetation with a regional economic model of agricultural production to provide a means of estimating the costs of achieving a given area of a desired vegetation type. This is demonstrated by an empirical study of heather and hay meadow conservation in the River Tyne catchment in northern England. The results show that policy measures need to take account both of spatial linkages within agriculture and temporal links between ecological processes and agricultural productivity.


Summary  Many studies have found that people on diets high in fibre have reduced risks of certain diseases such as cancers, coronary heart disease, obesity and possibly diabetes. Fibre is a collective term for a group of compounds, which differ in their chemical structure and physical properties and elicit a variety of physiological effects. Some health benefits linked to fibre consumption are well established (e.g. promoting a regular bowel habit) and others are becoming more firmly established. The effects of the various non-digestible components are not always fully interchangeable, although there is considerable overlap, but they share an ability to pass undigested into the large bowel. This makes it important that fibre intake comes from a range of sources to ensure maximum health benefits.

There are disagreements as to which plant-derived compounds constitute 'fibre' and which analytical methodologies should be used to determine the fibre content of foods. This lack of a universal definition for these carbohydrates that resist digestion in the small intestine has led to complications in establishing and communicating consistent recommendations for the type and amounts of fibre components in the diet, as well as issues related to food labelling and health claims. Furthermore, current analytical methods may typically underestimate the fibre content of foods, using the definition advised by the European Food Safety Authority.

Chemical nomenclature is necessary for a coherent and enforceable approach to the measurement of fibre (and related to this, product labelling), but reconciling chemical definitions for fibre with definitions that reflect physiological effects remains a major challenge. Progress in the application of the emerging evidence regarding dietary fibre and health is constrained by a need to resolve the definition and methodology issues. Most consumers are likely to be unaware of the more recent developments and the overlapping properties of different types of carbohydrate that resist digestion in the small intestine, and the particular sources of these carbohydrates.

Long overdue is the translation of the growing knowledge about the physiological properties of carbohydrates, particularly non-digestible carbohydrates, into clear and unambiguous public health messages. Many terms in common use stem from chemistry rather than physiology, and this makes derivation of health messages more difficult.

Meanwhile in the UK, where the main sources of fibre are cereals and cereal products, followed by vegetables and potatoes, adults are not meeting the recommended 18 g of fibre per day (defined in the UK as non-starch polysaccharide measured by the Englyst method). The recommended amount for the UK, established in 1991, is lower than elsewhere in the world and corresponds to about 24 g according to the method used by the Association of Official Analytical Chemists (the AOAC method). Reference values in other parts of the world are typically between 25 and 35 g (AOAC fibre). A diet rich in whole grains, pulses, fruit and vegetables will assist in meeting current fibre recommendations, but a growing number of other foods now contain carbohydrate-derived ingredients that resist digestion.


Squeeze casting is a hybrid metal processing technique that combines the advantages of both casting and forging in one operation. The automotive and aerospace sectors are behind the development of squeeze casting process as the squeeze cast components exhibit improved mechanical properties. The Aluminium alloy 6061 is a futuristic material that is widely used to produce automotive and aerospace components. In this attempt, cylindrical components of AA6061 were produced by varying the squeeze pressure at certain levels when the die preheat temperature and the pressure applied duration were maintained at constant levels. The specimens were made from the components as per ASTM standards and they were tested for mechanical properties such as impact strength and micro hardness respectively. It was found that the mechanical properties were enhanced with the increase in squeeze pressure.


Solid ionic conductor is one of important functional materials that facilitates transportation of particular ions. Therefore it has been used in the devices of sensors and energy storages. One of most important parameters that judges quality of the solid ionic conductor is its ionic conductivity which is controlled by its crystallographic structure, and density of moving ions and vacancies. This talk will provide fundamental understanding of inorganic solid electrolyte and principle of ion transportation is the solids, and its applications. Keywords: Solid electrolyte; Ionic conductivity; Structure The 2nd Symposium for Collaborative Research on Energy Science and Technology Development of High Spatial Resolution TOF-SIMS for Nano-Scale Mass Imaging of Industrial, Biological, Environmental Samples Tetsuo SAKAMOTO Department of Applied Physics, School of Advanced Engineering, Kogakuin University Abstract Recent years, small samples are needed to be analyzed. Conventional analysis methods have not been met these demand satisfactory. Mass spectrometry is a universal method to analyze elements, compounds and organics, including isotopes. I have developed a "Mass Imaging Apparatus", where mass spectrum is acquired pixel-by-pixel. As a result, mass-separated images can be obtained. Furthermore, design and construction of finely focused ion beam (FIB) enabled us to get spatial resolution down to 40 nm. History of the development and some applications will be presented in the lecture.Recent years, small samples are needed to be analyzed. Conventional analysis methods have not been met these demand satisfactory. Mass spectrometry is a universal method to analyze elements, compounds and organics, including isotopes. I have developed a "Mass Imaging Apparatus", where mass spectrum is acquired pixel-by-pixel. As a result, mass-separated images can be obtained. Furthermore, design and construction of finely focused ion beam (FIB) enabled us to get spatial resolution down to 40 nm. History of the development and some applications will be presented in the lecture. Keywords: LIB, Cell, PM2.5, Yellow-Sand, Focused Ion Beam, Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry The 2nd Symposium for Collaborative Research on Energy Science and Technology TOF-SIMS Characterization of NASICON electrolyte (SCREST-2nd) Jin An Sam Oh1,2, Masato Morita3, Yue Zhao4, Tetsuo Sakamoto3, Li Lu1* 1Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117575, 2Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, Singapore 138634, 3Department of Applied Physics, Kogakuin University, 2665-1 Nakano, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0015 Japan, 4Collaborative Open Research Center, Kogakuin University, 2665-1 Nakano, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0015 Japan. Abstract NASICON solid-state electrolyte is one of the most promising candidates to be utilized in all-solid-state sodium-ion battery. However, being a polycrystalline material, the total ionic conductivity is mainly limited by the grain boundary conductivity at room, which includes grain boundary chemistry, secondary phase, and microstructure. In this study, FIB-TOF-SIMS is utilized to differentiate the main phase (Na3Zr2Si2PO12) and the secondary phase in the NASICON electrolyte by comparing the contrast of the secondary ion distribution. This characterization method provides an alternative insight of the chemical composition of the solid-state electrolyte at 1-5 nm depth resolution. Keywords: NASICON; Solid-state electrolyte; Sodium-ion batteryNASICON solid-state electrolyte is one of the most promising candidates to be utilized in all-solid-state sodium-ion battery. However, being a polycrystalline material, the total ionic conductivity is mainly limited by the grain boundary conductivity at room, which includes grain boundary chemistry, secondary phase, and microstructure. In this study, FIB-TOF-SIMS is utilized to differentiate the main phase (Na3Zr2Si2PO12) and the secondary phase in the NASICON electrolyte by comparing the contrast of the secondary ion distribution. This characterization method provides an alternative insight of the chemical composition of the solid-state electrolyte at 1-5 nm depth resolution. Keywords: NASICON; Solid-state electrolyte; Sodium-ion battery The 2nd Symposium for Collaborative Research on Energy Science and Technology Deep Learning to Identify Original Molecule from Mass Spectrometry Takashi Kusachi, Hiromitsu Takaba* Dept. of Environmental Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Kogakuin University Abstract Mass spectrometry is widely used to identify an original molecular structure of organic compounds and proteins. The identification of molecular structure is usually based on the assignment of spectrum peaks and their mass-ion for a known molecule. This will be done using a database of spectrum data, and there were many attempt to develop a computer-based analysis method. This method was called as an expert system in 1980's, and it was said to be an analysis using artificial intelligence (AI) for the first time. After 40 years, AI is drastically improved by developing a deep learning method, although it is not widely used in the research filed of chemistry. In this study we report that the investigation of the deep learning for identification of known/un-known molecule from database of mass spectrometry.Mass spectrometry is widely used to identify an original molecular structure of organic compounds and proteins. The identification of molecular structure is usually based on the assignment of spectrum peaks and their mass-ion for a known molecule. This will be done using a database of spectrum data, and there were many attempt to develop a computer-based analysis method. This method was called as an expert system in 1980's, and it was said to be an analysis using artificial intelligence (AI) for the first time. After 40 years, AI is drastically improved by developing a deep learning method, although it is not widely used in the research filed of chemistry. In this study we report that the investigation of the deep learning for identification of known/un-known molecule from database of mass spectrometry. Keywords: Mass Spectrometry; Machine Learning; Molecular structure The 2nd Symposium for Collaborative Research on Energy Science and Technology Title: Electronic structure of Nickel-rich cathodes materials LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 of lithium-ion batteries based on first-principles density functional theory (SCREST-2nd) Dong Xinyu1, Fumiya Hirosawa2, Lu Li1,*, Hiromitsu Takaba2, * 1Dept. of Mech. Eng., National University of Singapore. E-mail: email@example.com , 2Dept. of Env.Chem.&Chem.Eng., Kogakuin University. E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com Abstract First-principles density functional theory (DFT) and ultra-soft pseudo potential plane-wave method are the foundation of calculating electronic structures such as Fermi levels, band structure, density of status and lithium intercalation energy of cathodes. The research started with microscopic atoms and combines theoretical calculation with experiments. While the CASTEP and DMol3 method was used to carry out preliminary theoretical calculations on materials such as LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 and other cathodes then compared them. A series of data was obtained that matched the experimental results. Keywords: LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2; First-principles density functional theory (DFT); Li-ion batteryFirst-principles density functional theory (DFT) and ultra-soft pseudo potential plane-wave method are the foundation of calculating electronic structures such as Fermi levels, band structure, density of status and lithium intercalation energy of cathodes. The research started with microscopic atoms and combines theoretical calculation with experiments. While the CASTEP and DMol3 method was used to carry out preliminary theoretical calculations on materials such as LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 and other cathodes then compared them. A series of data was obtained that matched the experimental results. Keywords: LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2; First-principles density functional theory (DFT); Li-ion battery The 2nd Symposium for Collaborative Research on Energy Science and Technology Preparation of Na5YSi4O12 thin film by sol-gel method S. Nambu, N. Yoshida, K. Yamashita, T. Okura* Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kogakuin University Abstract Our group has developed glass-ceramics of Na5RSi4O12 (R=Rare earth) as Na+-superionic conductors. We tried preparation of the Na5YSi4O12 Na+-superionic conducting thin films by sol-gel method. Thin films were prepared from Na5YSi4O12 precursor solutions on a glass substrate by spin-coating method. After spin-coating, the samples were calcined at 500°C. An amorphous film was obtained from NaNO3 as the sodium source with 2-C2H5OC2H4OH or PVA. A slightly crystallized film was obtained from NaPF6 as the sodium source. It can be expected that the Na5YSi4O12 phase can be obtained by examining the calcination conditions.Our group has developed glass-ceramics of Na5RSi4O12 (R=Rare earth) as Na+-superionic conductors. We tried preparation of the Na5YSi4O12 Na+-superionic conducting thin films by sol-gel method. Thin films were prepared from Na5YSi4O12 precursor solutions on a glass substrate by spin-coating method. After spin-coating, the samples were calcined at 500°C. An amorphous film was obtained from NaNO3 as the sodium source with 2-C2H5OC2H4OH or PVA. A slightly crystallized film was obtained from NaPF6 as the sodium source. It can be expected that the Na5YSi4O12 phase can be obtained by examining the calcination conditions. Keywords: Solid electrolyte; Ionic conduction; Thin film; Sol-gel method The 2nd Symposium for Collaborative Research on Energy Science and Technology LAGP/PEO Based Polymer Electrolytes Towards Li-metal Solid Batteries Qiaomei Sun,1 Masaki Kato,2 Shrio Seki, 2, * Kaiyang Zeng1


The measurement and analysis of patient‐reported outcomes is important in cancer clinical trials. This commentary reports advances and challenges from presentations at the 2019 Accelerating Anticancer Agent Development and Validation (AAADV) Workshop Patient‐Reported Outcomes Session.


An unusual subset of mature T cells expresses natural killer (NK) cell‐related surface markers such as interleukin‐2 receptor β (IL‐2Rβ CD122) and the polymorphic antigen NK1.1. These "NK‐like" T cells are distinguished by their highly skewed Vα and Vβ repertoire and by their ability to rapidly produce large amounts of IL‐4 upon T cell receptor (TCR) engagement. The inbred mouse strain SJL (which expresses NK1.1 on its NK cells) has recently been reported to lack NK1.1+ T cells and consequently to be deficient in IL‐4 production upon TCR stimulation. We show here, however, that SJL mice have normal numbers of IL‐2Rβ+ T cells with a skewed Vβ repertoire characteristic of "NK‐like" T cells. Furthermore lack of NK1.1 expression on IL‐2Rβ+ T cells in SJL mice was found by backcross analysis to be controlled by a single recessive gene closely linked to the NKR‐P1 complex on chromosome 6 (which encodes the NK1.1 antigen). Analysis of a panel of inbred mouse strains further demonstrated that lack of NK1.1 expression on IL‐2Rβ+ T cells segregated with NKR‐P1 genotype (as assessed by restriction fragment length polymorphism) and thus was not restricted to the SJL strain. In contrast, defective TCR induced IL‐4 production (which appeared to be a unique property of SJL mice) seems to be controlled by two recessive genes unlinked to NKR‐P1. Collectively, our data indicate that "NK‐like" T cells develop normally in SJL mice despite genetically distinct defects in NK1.1 expression and inducible IL‐4 production.


Abstract : The objective of this study was to evaluate a method for the quality control of fine powders as an alternate method to that specified in MIL-P-27412 (USAF). The size distribution of various particles in the 3-100 micron range was studied using a counter which operates by the volumetric displacement of an electrolyte in an electrical sensing zone. The particle size distribution is affected by its compatibility with the electrolyte solution, and technique used to prepare the particles for sampling. Data obtained for size distribution was compared with data obtained by microscopic scanning, and from manufacturer's specifications. Analyses of aluminum powder, coke flour, and hydraulic oil, as well as the calibration sample ragweed pollen are given. Results show that the electrical sensing-zone counter can be used to give size distributions of a large number of 3-100 micron size particles with a good degree of accuracy, repeatability and speed.


Background : Numerous integrated care initiatives for people with complex needs have been rolled out, in different settings and contexts. There is a widely held belief that integrated care will improve quality of care and health outcomes. Despite many studies evaluating the effectiveness of integrated care programs, evidence remains inconsistent. A potential explanation could be that studies did not use appropriate outcome measures for people with complex needs, such as frail older people and people with multimorbidity.  Studies often cover general health outcomes (e.g. health status, physical functioning, quality of life), whereas outcomes such as wellbeing, social functioning, social participation and goal attainment might be more appropriate for vulnerable target groups. Additionally, evaluations in integrated care often merely focus on quantitative outcomes, whereas mixed methods approaches, taking into account the contexts in which these programs are implemented, might be more appropriate in evaluating complex interventions such as integrated care. Currently, different EU-funded research initiatives are taking place that take innovative approaches to measure the outcomes of integrated care practices for vulnerable populations with complex needs. In all projects, (improvements to) existing integrated care initiatives are being evaluated, but they do so in different ways, using different instruments and indicators. These projects include: 1. Sustainable Tailored Integrated Care for Older People in Europe (SUSTAIN, www.sustain-eu.org); 2. Sustainable Integrated Care Models for Multi-Morbidity: Delivery, Financing and Performance (SELFIE, http://www.selfie2020.eu/) and 3. Advancing Care Coordination and Telehealth deployment at Scale (ACT@Scale, https://www.act-at-scale.eu). Aims & objectives : During this session, we will first present the innovative approaches to measuring outcomes that we take in the different projects and how we aim to tackle some of the common challenges in outcome measurement. We will further discuss the importance and value of regular exchange between the three EU projects in order to harmonise outcome measurement and as such facilitate cross-country comparisons. Finally, we will address common lessons learned: what does and does not work in evaluating integrated care? Format : In this interactive session, representatives of each project will explain their approaches to outcome measurement, the instruments and indicators they use, and lessons learned. After that, discussion with the audience will focus on the following topics: 1. Which outcome measures are most relevant to evaluate health and wellbeing, patient experiences and costs?; 2. Do we use appropriate indicators and instruments to measure outcomes in people with complex needs?; 3. Which practical issues should be taken into account when collecting data in vulnerable populations?; 4. What challenges are to be expected when harmonising outcome measurement across and within countries?; 5. How can lessons learned from these projects collectively bring evaluation of integrated care practices forward? Target audience : This workshop is targeted at researchers and decision-makers who want to know more about evaluating integrated care initiatives. Learnings : After this session, participants will have: 1. insight in innovative approaches of outcome measurement in different EU-funded projects, 2. learned about successes and challenges experienced in these projects, and 3. insight in how combining experiences from different projects can bring research further.


Electric vehicles (EVs), specifically Battery EVs (BEVs), can offer significant energy and
emission savings over internal combustion engine based vehicles. Norway has a long history of
research and government incentives for BEVs. The BEV market and ample data sets in Norway allow us
to fully examine consumers' BEV choices influenced by car specifications, prices and government
incentives (public bus lanes access, toll waivers and charging stations). To capture the choices of
heterogeneous personal consumers and business buyers, we use Random-Coefficient Discrete Choice
Model (referred to BLP model). Our study is instantiated on the entire BEV sales data in Norway from
2011 to 2013, as well as demographics information at municipality level. The results suggest
significant positive effects of BEV technology improvement, toll waivers and charging station density
on BEV sales for both personal consumers and business buyers, except that bus lanes access may have
a negative impact for personal consumers, possibly due to consumers' concern regarding bus lane
congestion. The effects on business buyers are generally less pronounced than on personal consumers.
In addition, we find significant heterogeneity in consumer preferences over BEV price and car
specifications. In particular, a 9,500 NOK increases in consumer income can lead to approximately 10%
decrease in price sensitivity on average. In other words, individual consumers with higher income
would be less price-sensitive than those with lower income. Significant heterogeneity in incentive
policy impacts on different brands are also found, especially for Renault, Ford, Nissan (all three being a
good compromise of prices and ranges) and Tesla (with an exceptionally long range)


The gradually evolving technology of light-emitting diodes has of late made a quantum leap. These semiconductor devices are usurping some of the slots that, till now, had been filled by incandescent lamps and cathode ray tubes. The author describes how the luminance and luminous effiency of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) in the last few years have reached such high levels that they can replace incandescent lamps in running lights on trucks. Particularly where safety is involved, the longer life and inherent ruggedness of the solid-state devices make them a highly desirable substitute; the lower maintenance cost of the LEDs is a boon to any application.<<ETX>>


Objective To investigate the roles of Notch1 and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) in hemorrhage from intracranial arterovenous malformations(AVMs).Methods A total of 35 patients with intracranial AVM treated in the Department of Neurosurgery,Wenzhou Medical College were analyzed retrospectively.The patients with AVM were divided into either a hemorrhagic AVM group(hemorrhagic group;n=27) or a non-hemorrhagic AVM group(non-hemorrhagic group;n=8) according to their medical history and imaging features.The malformation nidi in both groups were detected by immunohistochemistry and real-time fluorescence quantitative RT-PCR respectively.Results ①The mesothelial cells of Notch1 and VEGF expressed significantly within the malformation nidi in the hemorrhagic group and the non-hemorrhagic group.There was no significant difference in the positive rate of Notch1 and VEGF between the 2 groups.②The Notch1 mRNA level in the hemorrhagic group was 1.9±1.7,and it was higher than 1.5±0.6 in non-hemorrhagic group.The VEGF mRNA level in the hemorrhagic group was 4.2±3.0,and it was higher than 2.9+2.7 in the non-hemorrhagic group.However,there was no statistically significant difference between the 2 groups.③Spearman correlation analysis showed that Notch1 of the intracranial AVMs had correlations with the positive cells rate of VEGF(r=0.638,P0.05) and the mRNA level(r=0.611,P0.05).Conclusion Notch1 and VEGF expressed both in hemorrhagic and non-hemorrhagic AVMs,however it has no specificity in the hemorrhagic AVMs.Notch1 and VEGF may be synergistically involved in the formation of intracranial AVM.


The media convergence has made the whole image industry become more active, and it brings more development space on the representation method of video art. Video production carries out cooperation with other media, making digital image art can show more incisively and vividly. The multimedia fusion method applies to the artistic expression of the image, in which the most commonly used artistic rendering tools are multimedia digital image processing software. This study takes studio video as an example, the arrow rain and wear water image art rendering effects are described. This paper summarizes three methods of digital image art effects, including computer image processing, image digital processing and image digital synthesis. Finally, this paper elaborates two kinds of new digital imaging technology of 3D virtual camera and virtual studio, which provides the valuable reference for the study of modern image art.


The sedimentation of navigation channels due to leveling of side slopes is investigated. This leveling is caused by the deviation of the particle path from the direction of bed shear on a bed with transverse slope because of the action of gravity. In the first part of the paper the variation in the rate of bed load with depth is neglected, and a simple solution of the problem (an error-function) has been obtained. This solution has been compared with experiments, and the agreement between theory and experiments is satisfactory. Taking into account a weak variation in the bed load with water depth, a second-order solution is presented, which describes in a more detailed manner the development in the form of the slope (U-formed); also this is experimentally verified. /Author/


M.C.A,M.Phil,(Ph.d) Assistant Professor ,Department of Computer Science,Lady Doak College, Madurai Cancer is one of the most common leading deadly diseases which affect men and women around the world. Among the cancer diseases, breast cancer is especially a concern in women. It has become a major health problem in developed and developing countries over the past 50 years and the incidence has increased in recent years. Recent trends in digital image processing are CAD systems, which are computerized tools designed to assist radiologists. Most of these systems are used for automatic detection of abnormalities. However, recent studies have shown that their sensitivity is significantly decreased as the density of breast increases. In this paper , the proposed algorithm uses partial filters to enhance the images and the Ncut method is applied to segment the malignant and benign regions , further genetic algorithm is applied to identify the nipple position followed by bilateral subtraction of the left and the right breast image to cluster the cancerous and non cancerous regions. The system is trained using Back Propagation Neural Network algorithm. Computational efficiency and accuracy of the proposed system are evaluated based on the Frequency Receiver Operating Characteristic curve(FROC). The algorithm are tested on 161 pairs of digitized mammograms from MIAS database. The Receiver Operating Characteristic curve leads to 99.987% accuracy in detection of cancerous masses.


STUDY OBJECTIVES
If properly consumed, caffeine can safely and effectively mitigate the effects of sleep loss on alertness. However, there are no tools to determine the amount and time to consume caffeine to maximize its effectiveness. Here, we extended the capabilities of the 2B-Alert app, a unique smartphone application that learns an individual's trait-like response to sleep loss, to provide personalized caffeine recommendations to optimize alertness.

METHODS
We prospectively validated 2B-Alert's capabilities in a 62-h total sleep deprivation study in which 21 participants used the app to measure their alertness throughout the study via the psychomotor vigilance test (PVT). Using PVT data collected during the first 36 h of the sleep challenge, the app learned the participant's sleep-loss response and provided personalized caffeine recommendations so that each participant would sustain alertness at a pre-specified target level (mean response time of 270 ms) during a 6-h period starting at 44 h of wakefulness, using the least amount of caffeine possible. Starting at 42 h, participants consumed 0 to 800 mg of caffeine, per the app recommendation.

RESULTS
2B-Alert recommended no caffeine to five participants, 100-400 mg to 11 participants, and 500-800 mg to five participants. Regardless of the consumed amount, participants sustained the target alertness level ~80% of the time.

CONCLUSIONS
2B-Alert automatically learns an individual's phenotype and provides personalized caffeine recommendations in real time so that individuals achieve a desired alertness level regardless of their sleep-loss susceptibility.


This paper compares the welfare effects of fiscal policy under a flexible exchange rate regime and a monetary union in line with the new open economy macroeconomics (NOEM) approach. We show that households in the country where the fiscal expansion takes place are better off under a flexible exchange rate regime than under a monetary union as long as some producers pursue pricing-to-market. In contrast, households in the foreign country derive higher welfare gains under a monetary union. The intuition for this result lies in the combined expenditure switching and terms of trade effects, which favor the domestic country under a flexible exchange rate regime, but are absent in a monetary union. A sensitivity analysis reveals that a higher consumption elasticity of money demand increases the welfare differential between the two exchange rate regimes for both countries.


The hepatitis B virus is popular now widely, harms one of most serious toxic hepatitis, quite a part of hepatitis B carrier may develop the chronic hepatitis, needs to accept the viral treatment. At present are many by his/her the blood serum infection designated object hepatitis B two fifty-fifty and the HBV-DNA quota, takes the clinical analysis and the judgment hepatitis B patient condition, the curative effect and the prognosis main basis, but because two combination patterns fifty-fifty complex diverse, causes the partial patient's HBV infection duplication condition to judge with difficulty, but HBV-DNA is the hepatitis B virus infection and the duplication specificity target, is indicated that it has the infectious most strong evidence. But receives the laboratory request high strict limit, was still unable to popularize the examination, to further discuss the hepatitis B two fifty-fifty with the HBV-DNA quota result between relations.


A fuzzy set is an extension of an existing set using fuzzy logic. Soft set theory is a generalization of fuzzy set theory. Fuzzy and soft set theory are good mathematical tools for dealing with uncertainty in a parametric manner. The aim of this article is to introduce the concept of makgeolli structures using fuzzy and soft set theory and to apply it to BCK/BCI-algebras. The notion of makgeolli algebra and makgeolli ideal in BCK/BCI-algebras is defined, and several properties are investigated. It deals with the relationship between makgeolli algebra and makgeolli ideal, and several examples are given. Characterization of makgeolli algebra and makgeolli ideal are discussed, and a new makgeolli algebra from old one is established. A condition for makgeolli algebra to be makgeolli ideal in BCK-soft universe is considered, and we give example to show that makgeolli ideal is not makgeolli algebra in BCI-soft universe. Conditions for makgeolli ideal to be makgeolli algebra in BCI-soft universe are provided.


In the current era of globalization, science and technology are developing rapidly. This has an impact on the learning process in educational institutions. There are three major forces that influence a person's development including civil society, nation-states, and globalization. The scientific approach is intended to provide understanding to students in recognizing, understanding various materials using a scientific approach, that information can come from anywhere, anytime, not depending on direct information from the teacher. This study aims to describe how the implementation of the scientific approach in an effort to improve students' hard skills and soft skills, especially in the subject of Islamic Religious Education. The research method uses descriptive qualitative, including interviews, documentation and observation. The location of the research was carried out at the State High School. The results of this study are that the implementation of the scientific approach is expected to be able to improve students' hard skills and soft skills in Islamic Religious Education subjects.


The utility model discloses a far infrared carbon crystal heat coat, relates to a heat coat and aims to the problems that the heat coat adopts heatingcord or carbon fiber filament to heat, temperature of parts in a coat are different, so the service life of the heat coat is influenced, and the outer surfaces of the heat layers of the traditional heat clothes have no moisture-proof function. A rear side, a left front side and a right front side respectively comprise an outer layer, a lining, a planar carbon crystal electric heating layer, two plastic membranes, two metal electrode slices, two insulation sleeves, a temperature controller and a far infrared coating, wherein the two metal electrode slices are arranged on the planar carbon crystal electric heating layer, the plastic membranes cover on the metal electrode slices and the planar carbon crystal electric heating layer, the insulation sleeves are sleeved on the other ends of the two metal electrode slices, the positive pole and the negative pole of the temperature controller are respectively connected one metal electrode slice, the outer layer and the lining cover the outer surfaces of the two plastic membranes, and the far infrared coating is arranged between the linings and the plastic membranes. The utility model has even temperature at each part, long service life and moisture proof.


This study was conducted to investigate the effects of supplementation of dietary betaine on nutrient digestibility and physiological responses in finishing pigs. A total of twelve pigs with a body weight of 80.1±3.7 kg were individually caged, and randomly assigned to one of the two experimental diets containing 0 (control) or 5 g/kg (treatment) of the betaine in a 2 × 2 Latin square design. The experimental period was 14 days-7 days adaptation and 7 days trial period-per phase. All data for the difference between control and treatment groups were statistically analyzed by student's t-test. Dry matter and crude protein digestibility in the treatment group were significantly improved by 1% and 1.3%, respectively, as compared with those in the control (p<0.05). The apparent absorption of dietary energy was increased from 82.3% to 83.7% by dietary betaine supplementation. Thus, the retention of energy was also significantly increased to above 6% in the treatment group compared with the control group (control 4,057 vs treatment 4,314 kcal; p<0.01). The physiological parameters indicating serum biochemical contents and stress-, immune-, and inflammatoryresponses were not changed by the supplementation of dietary betaine. In conclusion, dietary betaine improves the nutrient digestibility without any negative effects in terms of physiology in finishing pigs. It suggests that the supplementation of dietary betaine may increase the productivity through the improvement of weight gain and feeding efficiency.


Background:The molecular immunological interactions between HIV and malaria are largely undefined. Since tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α is elevated during acute malaria and increases with HIV-1 disease progression, TNF-α production may be an important mediator for interactions between malaria and HIV-1. Methods:To examine the stage-specific immunological interactions between HIV and malaria, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and CD14 cells were isolated and cultured from rhesus macaques at different stages of SIV infection. Cultures were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interferon (IFN)-γ in the presence of Plasmodium falciparum-derived hemozoin (Hz) or synthetic Hz (sHz). TNF-α transcripts and soluble protein were examined by real time reverse transcription-PCR and ELISA, respectively. The effects of Hz on viral replication were determined by measurement of p27 antigen with varying concentrations of TNF-α neutralizing antibodies. Results:Hz and sHz significantly increased LPS- and IFN-γ-induced TNF-α protein and transcripts in PBMC from animals with late stage SIV infection (i.e., AIDS). Hz and sHz also induced high levels of sustained TNF-α transcripts in PBMC from the AIDS group. During the late stage of disease, CD14 cells were the primary source of TNF-α production. Stimulation of PBMC with Hz and sHz significantly increased viral replication that was dose-dependently reduced by the addition of TNF-α neutralizing antibodies. Conclusions:Hz promotes high levels of TNF-α production from PBMC during AIDS and increases viral replication in SIV-infected animals.


This paper explores the role of marketing in creating valuable hospital brands by increasing patients' satisfaction. A holistic experiential marketing perspective is adopted by measuring the effects of three experiential dimensions on overall Satisfaction: Atmosphere & Comfort, Empowerment & Dignity and Patient-Doctor Relationship. Perceived quality of Atmosphere & Comfort is meant to have a positive impact on overall Satisfaction. In addition, the mediating role of perceived quality of Empowerment & Dignity and of perceived quality of Patient- Doctor Relationship are hypothesized. Furthermore socio-demographic variables such as gender, age and educational level are tested as moderators. The research methodology is based on the use of standardized structured interviews with patients in private and public hospitals across Italy. The sampling is simple and not stratified. 259 interviews were conducted to autonomous and collaborative patients selected by hospitals' staff. Results confirm that the perceived quality of Atmosphere & Comfort has a positive impact on overall Satisfaction. Furthermore, perceived quality of Empowerment & Dignity and perceived quality of Patient-Doctor Relationship partially mediate this relationship. The moderator role of socio-demographic variables is only partially confirmed: educational level is the only relevant moderator in the relationship between perceived quality of Patient-Doctor Relationship and overall Satisfaction. The main strength of this study is measuring opportunities for hospital brand value improvement starting from patients' experiences. We provide evidence of the importance of optimizing Atmosphere & Comfort items as enablers of Empowerment & Dignity and Patient-Doctor Relationship, in order to offer a strong value proposition to patients.


This study examines the interplay between whale watchers' knowledge and interest in protecting the environment on the perceived value and satisfaction of their whale watching experience. Despite an emphasis on examining 1) environmental insights into protecting the environment employed by tourists and tourism stakeholders; and 2) evaluating tourists' perceived value and satisfaction in the literature, it is unknown if whale watchers' knowledge and interest in protecting the environment influences their evaluation of a whale watching experience. To assess the relationships between these constructs, 1024 self-administered surveys were collected on three whale watching vessels within one Australian whale watching destination. Ordinary least square and logit regression determined that whale watchers' interest in protecting the environment and perceived value and satisfaction with their whale watching experience was high. Whale watchers' knowledge of protecting the environment was an insignificant predictor of perceived value and satisfaction. Conversely, whale watchers' interest in protecting the environment was a significant predictor of perceived quality and emotional value. Perceived value mediated whale watchers' interest in protecting the environment and satisfaction. To remain competitive whilst also protecting the environment, tourism stakeholders (e.g. Destination Marketing Organizations, whale watching operators) need to further market whale watching experiences to whale watchers in the targeted segment emphasizing environmental protection appeal. This study has provided several theoretical and practical contributions while future research opportunities are also outlined.


A survey has been conducted in northern, mid and eastern of the Jordan Valley as well as Aqaba region. The survey was made from June 1999 to July 2001, in order to identify insect pests species, damaging stages of each pest, the economic importance, injured plant parts, sensitivity of different date palm cultivars to each pest and percent of occurrence of each pest on date palm. Thirty six insect pests have been found on date palm trees in Jordan; Red Palm Weevil (RPW), Greater Date Palm Moths (GDM) , Lesser Date Palm Moths (LDM) and Frond Palm Borer (FPB) were found to be the most destructive pests to date palm trees in Jordan. These pests caused an important loss in the fields. Dust mite, also detected as an economic pest, caused high loss ,especially in dusty places. Other recorded moths, weevils, mites and flies were found in the fields under various intensities and different economic importances.
However, some of these insects are monophagous primary pests which feed only on the palms like RPW, GDM, LDM and FPB. These insects are imported with transplants from the neighboring countries to Jordan, while other pests are polyphagous secondary pests which feed on many hosts as on palms such as :med fly, pomegranate butterfly and fig beetle. Any of these secondary pests could be of economic importance under suitable environmental conditions


Background and Aim: Extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) in Escherichia coli constitutes one of the major threats to modern medicine, and the increasing pollution with quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) has been suspected to contribute to the spread of ESBL-producing bacteria. The aim of the study was to investigate ESBLA and ESBLM-C-producing E. coli isolates for their coresistance to QACs and their phylogeny isolated from a Swedish University Hospital. Materials and Methods: Coresistance in E. coli with production of ESBL enzymes of the type blaCTX-M (n=23) was compared to E. coli producing AmpC type ESBL enzymes blaCMY and blaDHA (n=27). All isolates were tested for susceptibility to antibiotics and QACs, and high-quality whole-genome sequences were analyzed for resistance determinants. Results: The plasmid-borne small multidrug resistance (SMR) efflux pump sugE(p) was solely present in bla CMY-producing E. coli (n=9), within the same genetic environment blaCMY–blc–sugE(p). Other small multidrug efflux pumps were found without association for ESBL-types: emrE (n=5) and the truncated qacE∆1 (n=18). Conclusion: Coresistance of ESBL enzymes and SMR efflux pumps in E. coli was common and might indicate that other substances than antibiotics contribute to the spread and emergence of antibiotic resistance.


Protein-DNA interactions were studied in vivo at the region containing a human DNA replication origin, located at the 3' end of the lamin B2 gene and partially overlapping the promoter of another gene, located downstream. DNase I treatment of nuclei isolated from both exponentially growing and nonproliferating HL-60 cells showed that this region has an altered, highly accessible, chromatin structure. High-resolution analysis of proteinDNA interactions in a 600-bp area encompassing the origin was carried out by the in vivo footprinting technique based on the ligation-mediated polymerase chain reaction. In growing HL-60 cells, footprints at sequences homologous to binding sites for known transcription factors (members of the basichelix-loop-helix family, nuclear respiratory factor 1, transcription factor Spl, and upstream binding factor) were detected in the region corresponding to the promoter of the downstream gene. Upon conversion of cells to a nonproliferative state, a reduction in the intensity of these footprints was observed that paralleled the diminished transcriptional activity of the genomic area. In addition to these protections, in close correspondence to the replication initiation site, a prominent footprint was detected that extended over 70 nucleotides on one strand only. This footprint was absent from nonproliferating HL-60 cells, indicating that this specific protein-DNA interaction might be involved in the process of origin activation. Genomes of higher eukaryotes consist of approximately 104 to 105 tandemly arranged replicons (1-3) which are activated in a spatially and temporally regulated fashion (reviewed in ref. 4). The first eukaryotic replication origins (oris) were identified in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae by the application of the assay for autonomously replicating sequences (ARSs). In vitro studies of the protein-DNA interactions occurring at the yeast oris allowed the identification and purification of a multiprotein complex (origin recognition complex, ORC) binding to ARSl in an ATP-dependent manner and generating footprints very similar to those obtained in vivo (5-7). The binding of ORC to ARSs correlates with their functional activity, making ORC a strong candidate for a eukaryotic initiator protein complex (8-10). The study of oris in higher eukaryotes has proven much more arduous and is still open to controversy (reviewed in ref. 11). Over the past years, we have been able to identify an ori located in an actively transcribed area in the subtelomeric G-negative band p13.3 of human chromosome 19 (12, 13). Thanks to the development of a highly sensitive ori-mapping technique, the precise DNA replication start site was located within an "500-bp region encompassing the 3' noncoding end of the lamin B2 gene (LMNB2) and the nontranscribed spacer preThe publication costs of this article were defrayed in part by page charge payment. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. §1734 solely to indicate this fact. ceding another still uncharacterized gene, provisionally named ppvl (13-15). The same origin, originally identified in HL-60 cells, was found to be active also in several other human cell types, including activated peripheral lymphocytes (S. Kumar, M.G., G.B., S.R., and A.F., unpublished results). A map of the 13.7-kb genomic fragment containing the replication origin is shown in Fig. 1A. The finding that the lamin B2 ori is located in a highly transcribed region is not surprising, since numerous reports have implicated transcriptional regulatory elements in the control of DNA replication (16-19). Moreover, the domain is replicated at the very beginning of the S phase (12), consistent with the well-documented correlation between transcriptionally active genomic regions and early replication. We have now addressed the study of the specific proteinDNA interactions at the lamin B2 ori. To this purpose, we have exploited the in vivo footprinting technique based on the ligation-mediated polymerase chain reaction (LMPCR) (20). In the past few years we have extensively utilized this technique (21), which, in comparison with in vitro binding studies, is particularly suitable for the detection of the protein-DNA interactions actually occurring in the nucleus, since it is sensitive to the accessibility of sites to protein factors and possible epigenetic modification of DNA such as methylation. Furthermore, we have taken advantage of the property of HL-60 myeloid cells to undergo terminal differentiation upon chemical stimulation (22), a process which is accompanied by a complete arrest of DNA replication (16). Thus, any specific aspect of the chromatin structure in proliferating cells can be compared with the replicationally "null" state of the differentiated cells. The results reported here indeed show evidence for specific replication-correlated interactions at the lamin B2


The present invention is a cell that has the ability to produce a viral vector, retinoic with acids and a histone deacetylase inhibiting substance the method for producing a virus vector, which comprises the steps of culturing in a medium containing as the active ingredient, and the active ingredient, retinoic acids and histones provides a viral vector-producing medium comprising the deacetylase inhibitor.


Current standard pharmacotherapies for anxiety management come with a host of side-effects that may deter the patients from utilizing them. Kava, a traditional beverage from the South Pacific region, has been used as a natural medicine for centuries and has been hypothesized to contain anxiolytic properties. There are a few well-designed, randomly controlled trials that have evaluated the effectiveness of kava or its constituents against anxiety disorders. They have generally shown kava to be effective in managing the disease. However, there has been a serious concern about the hepatotoxic risk of kava, which greatly limits its anxiolytic development and application. This review attempts to summarize the recent anxiolytic trials using kava, the associated hepatotoxicity risks, the potential responsible chemicals for these two activities, and the mechanisms of action. Overall, kava has a great potential to be developed as a natural anxiolytic agent through a systematic approach, but the present form should be used with caution.


Wei River is an important river which affects the industrial and agricultural production and people's life in Guanzhong district of Shanxi and the east of Gansu.To study the change characteristics of main climate factors in recent 39 years in the upstream of Wei River,we analyzed the change characteristics of climate factors by using the data in 11 meteorological stations in the upstream basin of Wei River during 1971-2009.The results showed that the precipitation presented the decline trend in the basin,and the temperature rose in 0.3 ℃/10a trend.The temperature increase trend was 0.4 ℃/10a in winter,spring and wasn't obvious in summer,autumn.The potential evapotranspiration presented the yearly increase trend in recent years.The precipitation decreased,and the temperature rose.Moreover,the potential evapotranspiration strengthened.It didn't favor for the healthy run of ecological system in the upstream,downstream basin and aggravated the shortage degree of water resources.


BackgroundSpinal Cord Injury (SCI) is one of the leading causes of severe neurological deficits worldwide. The pathophysiology of SCI includes a primary injury followed by a cascade of secondary biochemical and cellular changes. Current pharmacological options are limited for significant recovery from SCI. The β-lactam antibiotic ceftriaxone (CEF) and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) have shown to induce neuroprotection in animal models of neurodegenerative disorders.ObjectivesThis study aimed to evaluate the effects of CEF, NAC, and their combination on the functional recovery and histological damage in experimental SCI.MethodsRats were randomly divided into four groups (n = 7): Saline, CEF, NAC, and CEF + NAC. Then, SCI was performed on rats under general anesthesia using the Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC) impactor. Locomotor recovery following SCI was monitored using the locomotor rating scale of Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan (BBB). At the end of the study, all rats were sacrificed, and spinal cord cross-sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin for histopathological evaluation.ResultsThe CEF and NAC administration, either alone or in combination (CEF + NAC), significantly improved locomotor recovery following SCI in rats when compared to the saline group. The histological analysis showed that the severity of histopathological lesion in the spinal cord of rats was significantly lower in the CEF, NAC, and CEF + NAC groups than in the saline group.ConclusionsTreatment with CEF and NAC, either separately or in combination, promotes locomotor recovery following SCI, which is associated with the effective reduction of the histopathological lesion.


Currently,deepening reform and accelerating the transformation of development modes has become the main tone of China's economic and social development.It is necessary that they need not only large quantities of high skilled and also more creative talents to achieve and promote industrial transformation upgrading.As higher vocational colleges to offer a direct service to economic and social development,how to do a good job in developing excellent top-notch talents,will become the proposition that higher vocational colleges should pay more attention to.This paper relates some exploration and research on the effective combination of student party members' development work with outstanding talents' training work so as to continuously enrich the connotation construction in terms of higher vocational top talents' cultivation.


High-power laser–matter interaction and the related high-energy density physics (HEDP) are two important topics in modern physics. However, for decades, a very restrictive limitation prevents researchers from studying these topics efficiently: nanosecond-kilojoule class lasers are typically characterized by a low repetition rate ( ≈ 1 shot h−1) that restricts the data acquisition and limits the available statistics for analysis. Here, we describe the first results obtained using the high-repetition rate nanosecond-kilojoule (L4n laser beamline) experimental platform commissioned at the Extreme Light Infrastructure—Beamlines. We proved the capability to deliver hundreds of joules shots every three min with a very good repeatability. Using high-resolution x-ray spectroscopy, we studied highly resolved spectra of H-like and He-like Cl lines emitted from polyvinyl chloride targets and demonstrated that the plasma parameters (electron temperature and density) derived from the measured spectra are consistent with hydro-simulations. These results demonstrate the fulfillment of the designed platform performance which should become one of the most important assets for the HEDP community in the following decades.


Based on analysis positive and reversal motion of KLD-600 robot, planning of trajectory is analyzed in detail by the method of joint space and the basic model of the control program is created. Actual dynamic experiment showed that the motion trajectory of robot end operator coincides with the trajectory of planning.


An electrical pliers includes two posterior arms and two anterior arms overlapped and pivoted together, the posterior arms serving as handles and the anterior arms acting as jaw members. In the anterior arms are mounted wire stripping jaw members and wire clamping jaw members which extend transversely and partly out of the respective anterior arms. When the handles are depressed to approach one another, movable jaw members are moved to fixed jaw members in a direction parallel to a longitudinal axis of the pliers so as to clamp and cut the insulation layer of a wire, and then the anterior arms open to remove the cut portion of the insulation layer.


Objective:To evaluate the effcts of hyperbaric oxygen(HBO) on nitric oxygen synthase(NOS) system in neuropathic pain in chronic constriction injury(CCI) rats.Methods: Forty male SD rats were randomly divided into five groups: control group(C group),sham group(S group),chronic constriction injury group(CCI group),pre-hyperbaric oxygen group(Pre-H group),post-hyperbaric oxygen group(Post-H group).The changes of nNOS,iNOS,eNOS in spinal cord on the day 28 after surgery were assessed.Results: The expression of nNOS and iNOS in CCI group,Pre-H group and Post-H group was significantly higher than that of S group;the expression of nNOS and iNOS in Pre-H group and Post-H groups was significantly lower than that in CCI group.The expression of eNOS didn't change during the observation period.Conclusion: HBO treatment may affect neuropathic pain through the inhibition of NOS system in CCI rats.


Abstract Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV-W) and Tomato chlorotic spot virus (TCSV) are responsible for severe losses in cucurbits and tomato production in south Florida and other regions in the USA. Traditional chemicals are not effective to control these viruses. Using plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) may present an alternative to control these viruses. Results from this study demonstrated that applying mixtures of PGPR strains is more efficient to control PRSV-W and TCSV compared to individual PGPR strain only. The application method significantly affected the efficiency of PGPR to control PRSV-W and TCSV. The highest reduction in disease severity of both PRSV-W and TCSV occurred in case of soil drenching with PGPR, followed by root dipping and seed coating treatments. Application of PGPR mixtures of (IN937a & SE34) or (IN937a &, SE34 & T4) were the most efficient methods to control these viral diseases.


The degradation rates of free radical polymerized and syn-diotactic poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) under electron radiation were explored at temperatures ranging from 225 to 325°C and at electron dose rates from 10,000 rads/min to 100,000 rads/min. Scission of bonds between main-chain atoms resulted in pairs of radical chain ends, of which some disportionated, thereby reducing polymer molecular weight without loss of volatile, while others proceeded to depropagate via the usual radical transfer, causing complete volatilization of the chain without significant change of molecular weight of the residual polymer. Electron irradiation at a dose rate of 100,000 rads/min produced a significant enhancement in the reaction, rate, and reduced the overall activation energy from 140 KJ/g-mole observed for thermally induced depropagation to a value of 75 KJ/g-mole observed during simultaneous irradiation and/thermal depropagation.


Field electron emission patterns from a MWNT with clean surface exhibit fine structures originating from pentagons located at the tip end. The field emission microscopy (FEM) has resolved six pentagons each of which has a small dark spot in its center. Moreover, the bright streaks have been observed at the boundary regions between adjacent pentagons. By calculations based on the formula of Young's interference of two beams, Oshima et al. (2002) reported that the observed streaks are interference fringes. In this paper, we show experimental results to prove that the streaks are Young's interference fringes.


This study tests the efficacy of an animation-based learning module for conveying basic conceptual understanding of meiosis in introductory biology. Student achievement on a meiosis assessment was significantly higher for students who viewed the learning module than for students who received instruction in a traditional lecture setting alone.


In the era of big data, cloud-based industrial applications can provide available and convenient data access for resource-constrained smart devices. Attribute-based encryption can be used to ensure data security while providing fine-grained data access. However, current attribute-based encryption schemes rarely consider the access control of time, and the integrity verification of data simultaneously. In response to the above two problems, we propose a time and attribute based dual access control and data integrity verifiable scheme in cloud computing applications (DCDV). Firstly, a hierarchical time tree is introduced in the attribute-based encryption technology by using of hierarchical identity-based encryption technology to set an effective access time period and a specified decryptable time period for the user's attributes key and encrypted data separately. The decryption operation can only be performed if the attribute set of user satisfies the data owner's access policy and the effective access time period of the user's attributes key completely covered the decryption time period set by the data owner. In this way, the data is dual controlled with time and attributes to solve the problem of privacy data leakage caused by private key leakage. Secondly, by using of the inverted index and Merkle hash tree, the data verification tree is designed. The data user can verify the integrity of the ciphertext data returned by the cloud server without decryption, which solves the problem that the cloud server may delete or modify the data. Finally, the security proof and efficiency analysis show that our scheme is secure and practical.


Code auto-generation is gradually replacing manual programming in the embedded software development.However,the present code auto-generation tools support only a few microcontrollers,which results in great restriction for their wide application.By analyzing the Simulink/Stateflow and RTWEC tool software,this paper presents a method for code auto-generation and integration,which can be applied in the embedded software development for any type of microcontroller.Using this method,simulation models are constructed rapidly and model parameters are adjusted on-line.This method was applied in developing the embedded software for automotive sunroof control.The result shows that it is feasible and easy to implement.