Supplemental Digital Content is Available in the Text. Background and Purpose: The lymphatic system is vital for fluid homeostasis, waste removal, immunity, and tissue healing. It can be impacted by multiple diseases and traumatic processes seen by physical therapists across practice settings; hence, lymphology education in professional (entry-level) doctor of physical therapy (DPT) programs is needed. Studies to obtain information about professional DPT lymphology education have not been conducted for 20 years. The purposes of this study were to (1) describe current, typical lymphology content within professional DPT programs; and (2) identify whether lymphology content is perceived as entry-level material amongst professional DPT faculty who were responsible for teaching lymphology content (TL) and professional DPT faculty who did not teach lymphology content (NTL). Subjects: Professional DPT faculty (N = 43) in the United States who taught or did not teach lymphology curriculum. Methods: Cross-sectional online survey research design. Descriptive data were gathered on lymphology content, hours, and curriculum standings. The χ2 test assessed relationships between faculty status and entry-level lymphology curriculum status. The Spearman rank correlation coefficient assessed relationships between teaching hours and entry-level status. Results: Variability exists across curricula in range of hours devoted to didactic (0.4-14.1 hours) and laboratory (0-10 hours) instruction pertaining to lymphology. Individual curriculum contents were predominantly considered entry-level material. Limitations: Response rate was limited. Conclusion: Consistent lymphology curriculum content and format are lacking within the professional DPT programs that participated in the survey, indicating opportunities for advancements in entry-level lymphology education and investigation into best educational practices for teaching this content.


The catalytic performance of Co and Ni catalysts on AlZn mixed oxide supports depends on the synthesis procedure used for their preparation. For this study CoAlZn and NiAlZn catalysts were prepared by conventional sol-gel synthesis of the mixed oxide and subsequent impregnation of the support with the transition metal (SG = sol gel method) as well as by a single-step method were a gel is formed based on salts of all components using citric acid as chelating agent (CM = citrate method). The structure and morphology of the catalysts were characterized by nitrogen sorption, XRD and TPR measurements. They showed high activity in the partial oxidation of ethanol at 600–750 °C, but their properties depend on the preparation method. The higher performance of the catalysts prepared by the citrate method, where the transition metal is incorporated into the crystal structure of the support during preparation, is based on a change in morphology and structure, resulting in more active sites exposed on the surface. Compared to the Co catalysts, Ni catalysts showed a higher performance. This might be due to the higher reducibility and the smaller Ni particles size, which allows a better interaction with the support in NiAlZn catalysts.


PROBLEM-BASED LEARNING: IMPLICATIONS FOR THE ALLIED DENTAL SCIENCES PROGRAM AT JORDAN UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Zain A. Malkawi Old Dominion University Director: Michele L. Darby The purpose of this paper is to review the problem-based learning literature and recommend changes to the Allied Dental Sciences curriculum at Jordan University of Science and Technology so that problem-based learning can be incorporated into the curriculum. Characteristics of problem-based learning include students' active participation in learning, and interpersonal skills development through discussion, social interaction, collaborative teams or tutorial groups. Problem-based education encourages students to develop communication and critical thinking competencies, enhance selfdirectedness and ovmership of their ovm learning, and improve, students' knowledge, and independence. For example, two courses in the current Al lied Dental Sciences curriculum, Dental Radiology and Dental Materials were revised to reflect a problembased philosophy. Weaknesses in the current Allied Dental Sciences curriculum include a teacher-centered approach instead of a student-center approach to learning, and minimal strategies to encourage critical thinking, self-clirectedness and communication skills. Therefore, the follo\ving changes are recommended to make the Allied Dental Sciences curriculum problem-based and to facilitate lifelong learning: 1. Apply a student-centered approach rather teacher-centered approach to learning, e.g., students become the center of the learning process by increasing assignments that


Near-infrared Spectroscopy (NIR) is widely accepted as an efficient technology for process control in the production of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). This study was to establish a NIR-based approach to determining epigoitrin of Radix Isatidis during temperature-controlled extraction process. 86 extracts of Radix Isatidis were prepared in 50 °C water for 4 hours, and were randomly divided into validation set and calibration set. The concentration of epigoitrin of each sample was determined by HPLC/UV, and correspondingly NIR spectra of those samples were also acquired. Partial least square (PLS) algorithm was utilized to develop a predictive model on NIR spectra data and contents of epigoitrin in samples of calibration set. The model displays good performance with acceptable values of SECV, SEC, LV and R2, and it was applied to predict the concentration of epigoitrin in samples of validation set from their NIR data. As a result, the model produced accurate result with little deviation between predicted values and experimental values. The proposed NIR method is expected to be developed as a promising approach for process control in TCM production.


Serum myoglobin (SMb) changes following acute myocardial infarction were studied in 67 patients admitted to the coronary care unit soon after the onset of symptoms (mean delay 2.8 ± 2.2 h; CK on admission < 150 iu/l). A typical rise and fall of SMb concentrations was seen in all cases. The maximum SMb level (718 ± 301 ng/ml) was reached 7.2 ± 3.7 h after admission. Return to values lower than 80 ng/ml was observed after a mean time of 36.2 ± 20.9 h. SMb peak concentration correlated significantly with both serum enzyme peak level and cumulated CK activity (r=0.64, P < 0.0001).

The myoglobin release patterns were recorded in 121 patients. The twenty-four patients whose SMb levels remained higher than 100 ng/ml 48 h following admission demonstrated a higher incidence of left ventricular failure (Killip classes III and IV) and a mortality rate of 33%. Patients who died within three months following hospitalization (n=10) showed significantly more elevated myoglobin concentrations throughout the investigation period as compared to survivors (n=111).

Myoglobin determined 4 h following admission correlated with serum lactate dehydrogenase activity, and high SMb levels were associated with an increased mortality rate. Our results suggest that SMb measurements might allow a stratification of patient risk as early as 9 to 12 h following the onset of myocardial infarction.


In this paper, we propose a pilot aided joint estimation technique for carrier frequency offsets (CFOs) and doubly selective channels (DSCs), and a low complexity turbo equalization (TE) scheme for orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) uplink systems with high mobility users. We propose the use of Chebyshev polynomials of the first kind (CPF) for accurately representing the DSCs. As the exact solution to the estimation problem is computationally intensive, we make use of space alternating generalized expectation maximization (SAGE) algorithm, that replaces the complex multidimensional search with many one dimensional searches. We derive the exact Cramer-Rao bound (CRB) of the joint estimation problem and the mean squared error of the proposed estimation technique is shown to be closely comparable to it. The convergence characteristics are also studied and it is proved analytically that the proposed method converges. Additionally, we propose a low complexity turbo equalization method with iterative multiple access interference (MAI) cancellation, which uses the soft feedback symbol estimate for removing the MAI and self inter-carrier interference (ICI) in each iteration. Our proposed estimation and equalization technique can be applied to any type of carrier assignment scheme (CAS) in OFDMA and offers very good performance even at high mobile speeds.


presented on the radio — are used to illuminate the richness and complexity of ordinary people's lives. The Challenge of Modernity is a valuable introduction to some significant themes in twentieth-century German social history and to the work of an important scholar. The translation (after a very shaky start) is serviceable if not distinguished. All in all, we should be grateful to the University of Michigan Press for making Saldern's work accessible to a broader audience, even if it is at a price that only libraries will be able to afford.


Objective:To explore the validity and security of abdominalacupuncture treating knee osteoarthritis through Random comparison trial.Methods:The 105 patients diagnosed as knee osteoarthritis,using the PEMS3.1 software package,were divided randomly into three groups:the abdominalacupuncture group,the conventional acupuncture group,the abdominalacupuncture and conventional acupuncture group.The patients of abdominalacupuncture group were punctured with the acupoints of Zhongwan,Guanyuan,Wailing,Daheng,low fengshi point and Qipang,removed the acupuncture needle after the needle having been kept for 30 minutes.Those of conventional acupuncture group were punctured with the acupoint of iner and outer xiyan,yanglingquan,liangqiu,xuehai and xiyangguan,and the third group adopt two kinds of treatments described above;one time daily and 6 times each week,being treated for 4 weeks together,and applied the Lysholm knee joint scale to evaluate around the treatment.Results: The results among the 35 cases in abdominalacupuncture group were 8 cases being obvious,10 cases being effective,14 cases being advanced,3 case being invalid,total effectiveness 91.4.1%;The results of the conventional acupuncture group are 7 cases being obvious,8 cases being effective,16 cases being advanced,4 cases being invalid,total effectiveness 88.6%;The results of the abdominalacupuncture and conventional acupuncture group were 13 cases being obvious,16 cases being effective,5 cases being advanced,1 cases being invalid,total effectiveness 97.1%.The difference of curative effects among the three groups was significant(P0.05).Among the three groups applied the Lysholm knee joint scale to evaluate before and after the treatment,the difference of the result also has statistical significance(P0.05).Conclusion: Abdominalacupuncture has reliable clinical curative effect to treat the knee osteoarthritis,has synergized function combined with the conventional acupuncture.


This research was derived from the reality of public schools, where the majority of students coming from low-income and lower-middle-family backgrounds. However, they could manage parental involvement so that they are actively involved in various school programs. Thus, the focus of this research included: (1) planning for parental involvement in schools; (2) the implementation of parental involvement in schools; (3) evaluation of parental involvement in schools; and (4) obstacles encountered in parental involvement in schools. The researchers used a qualitative type of multi-site study. The data were collected through participant observation techniques, in-depth interviews, and documentation. The data analysis techniques used were individual data analysis techniques and cross-case analysis. Meanwhile, the validity of the data was checked by means of internal validation, external validation, reliability, and objectivity. The results of this study showed that: (1) participation planning was carried out at the beginning of the school year involving parents, principals, and teachers with funding sources for participation planning activities from infaq and dues with the stipulated period for one year; (2) the implementation of parental involvement includes participation in incidental, daily, weekly, monthly, semester, and yearly activities; (3) evaluation of parental involvement involving committees, principals, and teachers; (4) obstacles to parental involvement in schools included the assumption that schools are free, lack of support for the development of children's talent interests, the resolution process involves principals, teachers, committee administrators, overcome by approaching, providing understanding, and socialization. From the results of this study, it was concluded that the school has developed parental involvement in various school programs. It is especially advisable for principals to embrace and trust parents to be involved in the planning, implementation, evaluation, and resolution stages of obstacles. Thus, parents will feel more needed by the school and contribute their abilities in helping to improve the quality of education in schools both in the short and long term.


OBJECTIVE
To determine the appropriateness and yield of transthoracic echocardiograms (TTE) for murmur evaluation based on the pediatric Appropriate Use Criteria (AUC) and study the influence of patient age and physician experience on TTE appropriateness, yield, and ordering frequency.

DESIGN
Retrospective review of medical records of patients referred to our practice for murmur evaluation from April to September 2014. Data collected included indication for TTE, patient age, physician experience since fellowship, TTE findings and exit diagnosis. Appropriateness was assigned based on the AUC document.

SETTING
Pediatric cardiology clinics affiliated with a large pediatric cardiology practice.

PATIENTS
One thousand seven hundred one consecutive patients (≤ 18 years) referred to our practice for murmur evaluation.

INTERVENTIONS
Not applicable OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcome was appropriateness of TTE orders. The secondary outcomes were the yield of abnormal TTE findings and the influence of patient age and physician experience on appropriateness, yield, and frequency of ordering TTEs.

RESULTS
Of the 1701 patients referred for a murmur, 526 (30.9%) had a TTE [441/526 (83.8%) Appropriate; 85/526 (16.2%) Rarely Appropriate]. Abnormal findings were present in 130/441 rated Appropriate and none rated Rarely Appropriate. Infants <3 months had the highest rate of TTEs rated Appropriate and the highest yield of abnormal findings. Physicians with >20 years of experience not only had the lowest TTE ordering rate but also the lowest appropriateness rate with no difference in the yield of abnormal findings.

CONCLUSIONS
Most TTEs ordered for murmur were for indications rated Appropriate. Abnormal findings were present in one-fourth and only those rated Appropriate. Patient age and physician experience can significantly influence TTE utilization. This information is helpful in designing quality initiatives to optimize TTE utilization for murmur evaluation.


Web services can be specified from two perspectives, namely functional and non-functional properties. Multiple services may possess the same function while vary in their non-functional properties, or called quality-of-service (QoS). QoS values are important criteria for service selection or recommendation. Most of the former works in web service selection and recommendation treat the QoS values as constants. However, QoS values of a service as perceived by a given user are intrinsically random variables because QoS value prediction can never be precise and there are always some unobserved random effects. In this work, we address the service selection problem by representing services' QoS values as discrete random variables with probability mass functions. The goal is to select a set of atomic services for composing a composite service such that the probability of satisfying constraints imposed on the composite service is high and the execution time is reasonable. Our proposed method starts with an initial web service assignment and incrementally adjusts it using simulated annealing. We conduct several experiments and the results show that our approach generally performs better than previous works, such as the integer programming method and the cost-driven method.


Herein, we describe the scalability and sustainability investigations toward the visible light-mediated amidation of aldehydes with N-chloro-N-sodio-carbamates. The practicality credentials of N-ch...


The alloy designs ideas for the high strength low alloy(HSLA)hot-dip galvanizing steel plate and the effects of hot rolling and cold rolling on hot-dip galvanizing were explained.The relationship between continuous annealing and the microstructure and performances of the steels was analyzed,which provides references to the development of HSLA hot-dip galvanizing steels.


Too much food energy intake (relative to expenditure) and unbalanced diets are implicated in a range of diseases that impose major burdens on healthcare systems and cause pain and suffering. Governments have responded by introducing a range of measures, mainly targeting information and education, largely to children. However, more interventionist measures have been advocated and, in the past year, various food taxes have been introduced in Denmark, Hungary and France. The Address discusses evaluation of policies, particularly in the light of alternative theories of diet choice (rational choice, systematically irrational, automatic). The public health approach uses quality adjusted life years but fails to distinguish between private and social benefits and takes no account of the drivers of food choice behaviour. The economic approach, based on informed choice, makes the distinction between private and social benefits (if not always explicitly) but struggles to evaluate policies that change utility functions and with behavioural assumptions other than traditional rationality. Alternative assumptions and approaches could put the cost of unhealthy eating anywhere between £10 billion and £100 billion per annum in the UK. Evidence suggests that information measures (to perform or persuade) do not much change diets, nor do they tackle the externality element of unhealthy eating. They may, however, help change long-term social norms. More interventionist measures like taxes improve social welfare (according to the compensation principle) and reduce health inequalities but are regressive, like all sin taxes. Almost all interventions pass cost-effectiveness tests.


Objective To investigate the influence of ulinastatin intervention on the dynamic variation of interleukin- 6,interleukin-10 and Tumor necrotic factor-or in patients with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome caused by severe acute organophosphorus pesticide poisoning(AOPP).Methods 46 patients with MODS casued by severe AOPP were randomly and clinically divided into conventional group(24 patients) and ulinastatin intervention group (22 patients).The dynamic variations of these cytokines were detected synchronizingly and compared with healthy control group(20 patients).Results The levels of IL-6、IL-10 and TNF-α in serum of both of conventional therapy group and ulinastatin intervention group were higher than heahy control group(P0.01) and decreased obviously after therapy(P0.01).The contents of IL-6 and TNF-α of ulinastatin intervention group after therapy had a greater decrease than conventional therapy group (P 0.01),but there was no significant difference when compared with IL-10 (P0.05).The case fatality of ulinastatin inter- vention group was lower obviously than conventional therapy group,and the length of stay in hospital was also shor- ter.Conclusion TNF-α,IL-6 and IL-10 have effects on the pathological process of MODS caused by severe AOPP.Ulinastatin can obviously decrease the levels of TNF-α and IL-6,which conduce to the decrease of case fatality of se- vere AOPP patients with MODS.


th Century  Cavaliers and Pioneers: Abstracts of Virginia Land Patents and Grants 16231732, Nell M. Nugent (1934; reprint, Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 1963) Maryland ▪ 17 th Century  The Early Settlers of Maryland : an index to names of immigrants compiled from records of land patents, 1633-1680, in the Hall of Records, Annapolis, Maryland, Skordas, Gust, (Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 1968) South Carolina ▪ 17 th Century  A Compilation of the Original Lists of Protestant Immigrants to South Carolina, 1763-1773, Revill, Janie (Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 1968)


According to the typology established by Talmy (1985,1991, 2000), Spanish is a verb-framed language, which usually encodes the path of motion in the verb (p.ej., entrar, salir), and English is a satellite-framed language, which lexicalizes the path outside the verb leaving the verb slot to express manner of motion. In contrast to English, the expression of manner is most of the time relegated to the use of adjunts. These differences in lexicalization patterns have an impact on their respective narrative styles, and pose some problems when translating narrative texts from English to Spanish. In this study, we explore the problems caused by the differing lexicalization of manner, and the strategies translator resorts to in order to overcome those problems while trying to be faithful both to the narrative style of the target language and to the manner information in the source text.


This article aims to explain that behavioral phenomena not only describe the linguistic behavior, but also a socio-cultural phenomenon as the language and expression are contributed and Influeced by the current condition . Therefore, the paradigm used sosiopragmatik conducted in informal situations with a focus on the behavior of said refuse ethnic Minangkabau in the domain of friendship. Data were collected using three data collection techniques based on the rules of conduct ethnographic said, namely observation, interview techniques,and techniques et h no - s c i e n ce s (etno - pragmatik). The data were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively in which the utterances are required to fulfill and explain the linguistic phenomenon appeared in the society . The results showed that through the said behavior quantitatively reject ethnic Minangkabau found the strength properties of the women. These finding showed the social changes in the practice of spoken atnik Minangkabau Modern . It could vary the sosiolinguistic sciences and may contribute  others.


The most significant issue in cities is garbage collection. The average amount of waste a person produces daily rises as the population grows, creating severe waste management issues. Any municipality's most pressing issues are bin status monitoring, locating the shortest route, and vehicle costs. The problem's consequences result in inadequate waste monitoring and management procedures. An effective garbage collection system that periodically measures the amount of garbage in the bins is used to solve these issues. The shortest route can be determined using this bin's status. The vehicle only went to the places where the bins in the city are full. The Wi-Fi module will transmit all of the information to the municipality. The main objective of the proposed work is to create a flexible application that dynamically solve the issue of late bin clearance, poor management of bins etc. The path selection is made by using the Travelling Salesman Algorithm in the Dynamic programming approach. The sensor network is utilized to gather information regarding the garbage contents in the bins and remotely trigger the request for a cleaning process using the Internet of Things. The internet is connected with microcontroller hardware using a Node-MCU device, or ESP8266, a small internet-supporting module that works as a plug-and-play module to any microcontroller. The primary objective of this system is to send information to the municipality and the mobile application regarding the status of the bin, the minimum cost path, the total travel distance, and the kind of vehicle required. This system aims to shorten travel time, save money on diesel and human resources for garbage collection, and improve waste collection and monitoring.


This research aimed to investigate the EFL students' perception and expectation of the online learning of the online learning during Covid-19 pandemic and new normal era. This research applied quantitative and qualitative descriptive with survey method. The participants were the English education study program students consisting of fifteen participants at Universitas Muhammadiyah Parepare. In this research, the researchers conducted interview and questionnaire to obtain the data. The result of this research showed that online method was the best solution to be applied change the offline class based on the condition nowadays, but still ineffective in the application. Another result showed that in the implementation of online learning during this pandemic era there was some obstacles found and need more improvement to make learning process more effective. In brief, online learning is relatively good with several obstacles that require improvement. Thus, it is recommended to create a good learning platform that can be applicable in current situation. So that, it is recommended that online learning should be planned, implemented, and evaluated to minimize problems and maximize the achievement of learning objectives.


In this work, we characterize the wireless interference of a mobile ad hoc network, where the nodes move according to the Random Waypoint model. The interferers are assumed to be located within an interference region, which is defined as a circular region centered in a fixed node located in the center of the mobility scenario. The main contribution of this letter is the characterization of the aggregate interference caused to the fixed node by the mobile interferers located within the interference region. The distribution of the interference is analyzed taking into account the stochastic nature of the path loss due to the mobility of the nodes. The theoretical approach is validated through simulations, which confirm its effectiveness.


Juvenile theft is the leading crime among adolescents in Korea and is a serious social concern. The present study is an examination of youth theft in the framework of general strain theory, which asserts that criminal behavior occurs as a response to various strains, such as parental abuse and neglect. To test the role of parent-youth gender dynamics in the relationship between parental strain and youth theft, the current study analyzed a community-based sample of youth offenders and non-offenders in Korea ( N = 374) using multivariate logistic regression models with interaction terms. Paternal physical abuse and maternal neglect predicted greater youth involvement in theft behavior. Regarding parent-youth gender dynamics, there was no difference in the role of maternal or paternal maltreatment in predicting theft behavior in sons or daughters. The exception was fathers' neglect, in which daughters showed higher odds of theft engagement than did sons who experienced even greater paternal neglect. The findings underscored the distinct and detrimental role of parental maltreatment in adolescent theft. The results supported the need to reach out to parents in consideration of the youth's gender and provided important implications for guiding current social services in preventing juvenile theft in Korea.


Record of remarks from a panel titled, "The Strategies used to Achieve Non-monetary Goals." Panelists included law professors, Director of the Office of Special Investigations, United States Department of Justice, and a Holocaust survivor and Treasurer of the American Gathering of Jewish Holocaust Survivors. THE STRATEGIES USED TO ACHIEVE NON-MONETARY GOALS


Abstract Twenty-four stations (12 each, during pre- and postdisturbance studies) 5300 to 5330 m deep between 10°01' and 10°03'S latitude and between 75°59' and 76°02'E longitude were sampled to study the effect of benthic disturbance on the distribution of meiofauna in the Central Indian Ocean. Bottom-sampling was conducted with a box corer. Total meiofauna density ranged from 35 to 45 organisms per 10 cm2 of bottom area during the predisturbance period and 21 to 32 organisms per 10 cm2 during the postdisturbance period in the test and reference sites. Differences between pre- and postdisturbance study results were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Nematoda was the most abundant meta-zoan group, on an average representing >55% of the meiofaunal population. The abundance of nematodes and harpacticoid copepods as well as total meiofauna showed marked decreases during postdisturbance sampling. Vertical distribution of meiofauna in the sediment cores revealed that 75% to 90% of the metazoan population was confined to the top 2-cm layer of the sediment. Recolonization experiments suggest that harpacticoid copepods may take more time for recolonization than the nematodes and are more sensitive to the physical disturbance. These findings suggest that nematodes and harpacticoid copepods can be used as indicator organisms in recolonization experiments.


The experiment is conducted to study the effects of the spray density,the temperature of the fluidized bed layer,and the gas velocity on the process of spray-dryness of calcium dihydrogen phosphate in a cone fluidized bed with the diameter of 200 mm at the bottom.A mechanism of the growth of calcium dihydrogen phosphate droplets is discussed.And the working conditions of forming calcium dihydrogenphosphate granules are given for two cases.


The purpose of this paper is to present some existence and uniqueness theorems for a general system of operator equations. The abstract result generalizes some existence results obtained in [V. Berinde, Generalized coupled fixed point theorems for mixed monotone mappings in partially ordered metric spaces, Nonlinear Anal. 74 (2011) 7347-7355] for the case of coupled fixed point problem. We also provide an application to a system of integro-differential equations.


After remarking Seneca's proximities with the men of our time, the author presents the character and morals attested by the Roman philosopher about himself in his writings, specially in the moral letters to Lucilious, his pupil and friend.


Poh's cyclotetrachromotropylene (CTCT), a water-soluble cyclic oligomeric dihydroxynaphthalenedisulfonate, was found to be capable of selectively dispersing single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) into the aqueous phase. The resulting supramolecular complexes in aqueous solution were characterized by UV-Vis-NIR analysis, while the dried aggregates were examined by Raman spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM).


Larvae of the noctuid Laphygma exigua (Hubner) have the ability to phagocytose and encapsulate eggs of the ichneumonid Hyposoter exiguae (Viereck). A high percentage of the L. exigua larvae containing single parasite eggs escape fatal parasitization through this phagocytic action. However, in superparasitized hosts immunity generally breaks down because of the inability of the host larvae to encapsulate supernumerary parasite eggs. Super parasitism, therefore, in the L. exigua-H. exiguae relationship is advantageous to the parasite.


The cosmological evolution of supermassive black holes (SMBHs) seems to be intimately linked to their host galaxies. Active galactic nuclei (AGN) can be probed by deep X-ray surveys. We review results from large X-ray selected samples including first results from the XMM-Newton COSMOS survey. A new picture arises from the fact that high-luminosity AGN grow earlier than low-luminosity AGN. In particular, the space density of low-luminosity AGN exhibits a significant decline for redshifts above z=1. This 'anti--hierarchical' growth scenario of SMBHs can be explained by two modes of accretion with different efficiency. The population of Compton-thick sources plays a key role in our understanding of the BH growth history. Their space density and redshift distribution is relevant to estimate the SMBH mass function. A comparison with the relic SMBH mass distribution in the local Universe constrains the average radiative efficiency and Eddington ratio of the accretion. We discuss a new synthesis model of Compton-thin and Compton-thick sources that is in concordance with deep X-ray observations and in particular predicts the right level of contribution of the Compton-thick source population observed in the Chandra Deep Field South observations as well as the first INTEGRAL and Swift catalogues of AGN. Currently, one of the most important problems is the evolution of obscuration with redshift.


Objective Despite the development of second-generation antipsychotic drugs, treatment-resistant symptoms still represent a serious problem in schizophrenia. The aim of the present article was to review studies with repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for negative symptoms of schizophrenia and draw conclusions for clinical decision making. Method Literature for this review was identified by searching MEDLINE and ISI Web of Science up to the year 2011. Results Five open studies, 13 sham-controlled studies, and 2 meta-analysis and 2 review articles were included in the present paper. The effect size of the high frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) over the left prefrontal cortex in the treatment of negative symptoms of schizophrenia is thought to be mild to moderate (Cohen d = 0.43–0.68). Conclusion Despite the promising results of some rTMS studies, the potential of rTMS for the treatment of negative symptoms is currently relatively unclear. Large clinical studies are therefore needed, especially large multicentric studies such as depression rTMS studies. Clinical RecommendationsThere is an evidence showing that rTMS can be considered the effective treatment option for negative symptoms of schizophrenia.Based on the results of current meta-analyses, the effect size of high-frequency rTMS in the treatment of negative symptoms of schizophrenia seems to be mild to moderate (Cohen d = 0.43–0.63).Despite limited evidence base, the associations between efficacy and stimulation approaches (higher stimulation intensity, higher number of sessions or 10 Hz stimulus frequency) appear. Additional CommentsNeither the European Medicines Agency nor the Food and Drug Administration has approved rTMS for the treatment of negative symptoms of schizophrenia.Furthermore, large clinical studies are necessary to verify the natural benefit of rTMS for general clinical practice.


The author models baseball at-bats using absorbing Markov chains, formed based on pitch-by-pitch data for 90 pitchers from the 2015 season. These matrices are used to reverse-predict performance statistics that compare closely to actual values for these pitchers. The author finds that Markov chains are well-suited to model at-bats because they illuminate differences in pitching style and effectiveness and explain performance changes over time. After showing that Markov matrices provide a reasonable model, the author uses this model to examine the effectiveness of two traditional baseball strategies — a batter taking, or not swinging at, the first pitch of an at-bat, and a pitcher intentionally throwing a ball on an (0,2) count — and, more generally, to examine how pitchers could optimize their performance by making better decisions. The results show that taking the first pitch is significantly more effective against weaker pitchers, while the (0,2) waste pitch is generally more effective for strikeout pitchers than contact pitchers, but the difference is not significant. In addition, this thesis highlights the importance of "the count" in baseball and finds that pitcher performance is largely predictable based on the manner in which the count progresses in an average at-bat against him.


This study investigates the co-deposition of aluminum and chromium oxides from solution precursor feedstocks with the aim of maximizing the α-alumina content. A hybrid water-stabilized plasma torch was used to spray the feedstock materials and the deposition principles were studied. The chemical composition of the deposits corresponded to the formulation of the feedstocks, indicating a uniform deposition of both materials. It was found that α-phase content can be increased in the coatings by increasing the Cr-forming precursor in the solution.


Collybia butyracea (Bull.) Fr. is a very common fungus in Finland growing both in coniferous and deciduous forests. According to physiological experiments (Lindeberg 1946), it is an active litter decomposer which is able to break down both lignin and cellulose, the main constituents of forest litter. In an experiment (Mikola 1954) attention was caught by its marked ability to attack larch needles, which as has been shown by several authors are highly resistant to the activity of saprophytic organisms and are therefore decomposed very slowly in the soil. The fungus also actively decomposed leaf litter, but was almost incapable of attacking pine needle litter.


The capabilities of the 'effective indenter method' with respect to the characterisation of porous xerogel thin films have been investigated using samples with porosities ranging from 43% to 57%. Young's modulus of the samples was decreasing from 2.67 GPa to 0.83 GPa with growing porosity. Yield strength was determined using spherical indentation data. With a larger indenter (R = 48 μm) the 'effective indenter method' could be directly applied while for a smaller one (R = 4.2 μm) the 'effective indenter extrapolation method' had to be utilised to account for the larger amount of plastic deformation. Both approaches delivered the same yield strength decreasing from (140 ± 5) MPa to (75 ± 3) MPa with increasing porosity.


A synthetic pit latrine sludge is currently being developed as part of an investigation into the mechanical emptying of pit latrines. The relevance and motivation for the project is first explained in relation to the current state of provision of sanitation around the world. The objectives of the investigation are defined and a holistic analysis presented on the potential effects of this research on pit latrine emptying. The existing state of knowledge of the physical properties of pit latrine sludge is discussed, including the baselin are presented along with the proposed methodology and experimental design. Finally a schedule of work is given for the remainder of the investigation.


According to the goal of higher education to cultivate innovative talents,this essay elaborates the present situation of practice teaching at home and abroad,puts forward research objectives in practice teaching reform and specific measures in cultivation of innovative talents,thus improving the university students' comprehensive practice ability and innovative spirits and having made stage achievements.


"Flying" frogs have evolved independently several times among anurans. In all cases flyers are distinguished from their nonflying arboreal relatives by a unique set of morphological features and behavioral postures. Using both live animal field tests and wind tunnel models, this study examines the importance of this characteristic morphology and limb position on five aerial performance variables: horizontal traveling distance, minimum glide speed, maximum time aloft, maneuverability, and stability. Comparison of relative performance between a model frog with a generalized nonflying morphology and limb position and a model frog with flying morphology and limb position reveals that the morphological and positional features associated with "flying" actually decrease horizontal traveling distance but improve maneuverability. This finding suggests that maneuverability rather than horizontal travel may be the key performance parameter in the evolution of "flying" frogs.


We have considered a cosmological model with a cosmological term of the form Λ = 3α ˙ R 2 R 2 + β ¨ R R , α, β = cont. The cosmological term is found to decrease as t −2 and the rate of particle creation is smaller than the Steady State value. Solutions with β = 3α in the radiation dominated era and β = 6α in the matter dominated era are equivalent to the FRW results. We have found an inflationary solution of the de-Sitter type with β = 3 − 3α. The model is found to resolve the problems of the Standard Model. Very recent results [1] suggest that the age of the universe is about 11 − 14 billion years. However results obtained from Standard Model of cosmology are not consistent with these findings. Numerous models have been presented to reconcile these contradiction with observations. Only few of these models have given a satisfactory solution. The presence of a cosmological constant (Λ) in a given cosmology prolongs the age of the universe. The inflationary paradigm requires the Universe to have a critical density but observations do not support this. One of the motivations for introducing Λ term is to reconcile the age parameter and the density parameter of the universe with current observational data. In an attempt to resolve these problems with current observations, we suggest a variation law for the cosmological constant of the form Λ = 3α ˙ R 2 R 2 + β ¨ R R , α, β = const. Observational data indicate that Λ ∼ 10 −55 cm −2 while particle physics prediction for Λ is greater than this value by a factor of order 10 120. This discrepancy is known as the cosmological constant problem. It is interesting that this decay law helps to resolve this problem. The entropy problem which exists in the Standard Model can be solved by the proposed decay law. The success of the inflationary model in extending the Big Bang model strengthen the theoretical prejudice toward a flat universe. In this paper we will consider a flat universe. Therefore this model preserves the spirit of the inflationary scenario. This inflationary solution is built in the model. The present model resolves many, if not all, of Standard Model problems.


Dental neglect can be defined as attitude and behavior towards oral health which can have detrimental effects on individual"s oral health, e.g. negligence in maintaining at home dental care and dental visits for professional dental care. Oral health is a part of general health care system and negligence in oral hygiene can affect the quality of life too. The aim of the study was to assess dental negligence and oral hygiene status among undergraduates" students. Study consisted of 20 questionnaire including names and year of study using dental neglect scale and were circulated among undergraduates" students. Total 156 students responded to the questionnaire. Out of 156 student"s perception of 83.3% students has changed towards oral hygiene practices after entering into BDS program. Dental neglect is easier to use in practice and it shows that degree of dental neglect is found among dental undergraduate students and variation also exists among students of all four years.


Coordinate measuring machines which work at static state hasn't met the demand of high speed measuring.Based on analyzing the influence of dynamic errors on measuring precision,space position of three axes,moving parameters of probe and measuring velocity also be acquired and analyzed.The result shows that each dynamic error aren't independence,they influence the measuring precision together.In this paper,several methods of decreasing dynamic errors of CMMs are presented with pertinence,which has reference values for the design and use of high speed CMMs.


Objective:To discuss the MSCT appearances and causes of transient hepatic perfusion disorders(THPD).Methods:Thirty-two patients with THPD were collected successively.All patients underwent triphasic MSCT scanning with hepatic arterial phase(20~25s after administration of contrast medium),portal venous phase(50~55s)and delayed phase(300s).The MSCT appearances and the causes of THPD were analyzed,and further correlated with the pathologic results(the causes of THPD were confirmed by pathology in 24 patients).Results:In 32 cases of THPD there were 18 hepatic tumors,including 9 hepatocellular carcinomas,4 hemangiomas and 5 metastatic tumors of the liver.There were 14 non-tumor patients,including 5 Budd-Chiari syndromes,3 radiation-induced hepatic injury,2 veno-occlusive disease of the liver,2 liver abscess,1 abdominal abscess and 1 superior vena cava syndrome.MSCT features of THPD showed trnasient hepatic parenchymal enhancement in arterial phase and portal venous phase,the vessels could be seen distributed normally in the area of enhancement.In delayed phase isodensity was displayed.THPD could be divided into four types according to the shape of enhanced area:liver segmental type(n=5),wedge-shaped type or triangle type(n=16),diffuse type(n=1)and nodular type(n=2).Conclusion:To identify the appearanced and causes of THPD correctly has imprortant value in the promotion of imaging diagnosis level and evaluation of hepatic function.


The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of madrasah principal's leadership, development, work culture, and self learning on competence of pedagogic teacher performance Madrasah Aliyah Negeri at The Northern Coast of Jakarta. This research tried to answer problems about competence of pedagogic teacher performance with evidence increasing of learning quality. The research was conducted on competence of pedagogic teacher performance involving samples of 70 teacher had been selected from the target population of 85 teacher by using quantitative approach with path analysis methodes. The research of the hypothesis testing show: (1) leadership had a direct effect positive on competence of pedagogic; (2) development had a direct effect positive on competence of pedagogic; (3) self learning had a direct effect positive on competence of pedagogic; (4) leadership had a direct effect positive on self-learning; (5) development had a direct effect positive on self-learning; (6) work culture had a direct effect positive on self learning; (7) leadership had a direct effect positive on work culture; (8) development had a direct effect positive on work culture. Therefore to improve the competence of pedagogic teacher performance Madrasah Aliyah Negeri, need to increase leadership, development, work culture and self learning. Keywords: Leadership, Development, Work Culture, Self Learning, and Pedagogic Competence.


An experimental study has been performed on the structure of a turbulent flow around a cylinder spinning in a quiescent fluid. The visualization using smoke wires and the method of thermal tuft have revealed that the reverse flow occurs not in the internal region but in the external regions of the layer. The reverse flow occurs in the same regions as the eddies which can be generated by scattering aluminum powder. It has been found that the eddies displayed in a picture of aluminum powder, which was taken by a rotating camera, grow larger and larger in proportion to the distance from the cylinder. Also the mixing length increases. The radial length of eddies almost agrees with the mixing length. Furthermore, the turbulent diffusion of the instantaneous spot of a dropped dye has been examined. The examination shows that the scale of diffusion has a strong correlation with that of the peripheral length of eddies.


Construction and development of laboratories play an important role in the building-up of the institute of technology.By summing up the work done in the lab construction in the last few years and combined with the real conditions of the college,the author of the paper puts forward some suggestions of making new improvement on lab construction in the next phase with regard to the lab system,to the functions of the labs and modernization of teaching facilities.


ABSTRACT
The proverbs and maxims, being the summary of Arabs experiences, gist of their wits and fruit of their wisdom, hold an important place among the Arabs. The proverbs and maxims depict, like Arabic poetry, the nature of Arabs life and express the manifestations of their moral values. Proverbs were in common use in their daily conversation in pre Islamic era and were transferred to Islamic period as these were used by the later generations in their communications and writing for centuries. Multiple human virtues, moral values and good deeds were featured in Arabic proverbs and maxims as well as in poetry, one of greatest in dignity and best in ranking amongst these, is the virtue of forbearance (hilm). Forbearance can be called the mother of all virtues because no other moral feature of human character like suppression of anger, pardon, compassion and mercy, can be fully actualized in the absence of patience and tolerance (hilm). So the virtue of (hilm) became the necessary element of the leadership of a tribe and compulsory condition for it. So the Arabic proverbs and maxims spur on the virtue of hilm and encourage to suppress the insurgency, arrogance and ignorance. This research work highlights the phenomenon of hilm in the light of Arabic proverbs and maxims that has been used by Arab poets in their poetry.


This Journal Watch is sponsored by the Alliance for Clinical Education and is the inaugural annual review of medical education articles on behalf of the Association of Directors of Medical Student Education in Psychiatry (ADMSEP). The purpose of this series of articles is to identify and summarize medical education articles from subspecialty literature for educators from other specialty areas who do not routinely read these journals. The author is a representative for ADMSEP who reviewed the psychiatric education literature and prepared this review. Since this is the inaugural review, articles published during the calendar years 2007 and 2008 are included. The Medline database was searched using the medical heading terms medical education, with the subheadings undergraduate medical education, graduate medical education, medical student, clinical clerkship, internship, and residency, and the term psychiatry. The journal Academic Psychiatry was reviewed in its entirety for the designated dates. The search was limited to articles in the English language. Articles from general medical education journals such as Academic Medicine, Medical Education, and Teaching and Learning in Medicine and journals that are commonly read by all practitioners such as New England Journal of Medicine, Lancet, and Journal of American Medical Association were excluded. The search and review of Academic Psychiatry resulted in 121 articles. All of these articles were reviewed for significance, methodology, and relevance to medical educators. The top 12 articles are presented here.


During the past twenty years, there has been a very significant increase in research on Chinese psycholinguistics. Much work has been done by investigators in mainland China, Taiwan, Hong Kong, and elsewhere. Western researchers have also contributed, their interest in many instances aroused by Chinese students, who have entered Western graduate programs in linguistics, psycholinguistics, and psychology in increasing numbers. But nowhere has this development been manifested more directly than in the series of Symposia on Cognitive Aspects of the Chinese Language, of which this is the sixth. Motivating much of this research has been a basic question: How similar are the psycholinguistic processses of Chinese speakers to those of speakers ofIndo-European languages? China has a rich and ancient culture that developed completely independently from Western culture. Moreover, there are certain striking differences between Sino-Tibetan languages and Indo-European languages: Chinese has lexical tones, its syllable structure is relatively limited, its morphemes are mostly monosyllabic, and it lacks inflectional morphology. Again, the Chinese writing system appears to be very different from any present-day European writing system. Its symbols are complex patterns of strokes that stand for monosyllabic morphemes, not phonemes, and no word boundaries are indicated. There are differences in word order and vocabulary between written and spoken Chinese to which European languages offer no paralleL Finally, the Chinese writing system is central to Chinese culture, whereas the European writing systems are little more than traditional tools, having no deep cultural resonance. Given all these differences, are psycholinguistic processes for the two language families likely to be very similar?


The paper deals with how the corporate governance structure poses influence on enterprise technological innovation with the factor of the entrepreneur,pointing out that entrepreneur′s technological innovation behavior has an attribute of corporate governance.The corporate governance structure depends on two modes: market control and organization control.They play a motivating role in the innovation behavior of the entrepreneur with internal and external motivations dominating,thus affecting the innovation driving force and innovation ability of the entrepreneur and then the choice of the type of the technological innovation of the enterprise.


Based on the user center, combined the function, operation and physiological characteristics of human being, and focused on the scientific way of operation, redesigned the original XZM -100 Vibration Machine under the ergonomic system. XZM -100 Vibration Machine is operated by male and female. The first difficulty for operators is opening and closing the up-shell to complete the two actions of near and off the body within the two opposite positions of 90 degree Angle; the second is fastening the mortar. The main duty is to design the height of workbench to satisfy the operators to finish the TWO difficulties. According to GB/T14776, the design criterion for Vibration Machine is small size limit. Choose the design principle of the female, class II, standing work position, combine the structure of the grinding machine, the final height of workbench surface is 924mm. And select female P5 percentile to restrict the highest workbench, the final height is 1069mm, which is accord with ergonomic requirements. The design also improved the original operation method; reduced the difficulty to open and close the up-shell; and strengthen the mortar fastening method to simplify the function and structure of up-shell.


There is considerable confusion when naming vibrations in infrared and Raman spectra. One of the most common errors is the identification of some stretching and bending vibrations as "asymmetric". There are no asymmetric vibrations as such vibrations incur rotations and translations. The correct term is antisymmetric and it is demonstrated, through molecular symmetry operations, why this is the correct term.


To evaluate the current situation of fire safety in domestic high-rise residential communities, the community, which integrates high-rise residential buildings, office buildings, and shops, was deliberately selected as an example to conduct fire safety assessment. Combined with the current domestic and foreign fire safety assessment methods and practical application of the review, the establishment of the community at all levels of the evaluation index system, the use of analytic hierarchy process (AHP) for fire safety assessment of the community. Results showed that the fire hydrant system and automatic fire alarm linkage system played a decisive role in the fire safety of the community. To perfect community fire safety assessment, and reduce the plot to fire safety risk, enhance the level of community comprehensively, can not only enhance residents on fire control safety knowledge, and the exact analysis of problems existing in the community fire and handled in time, but also strengthen fire safety management, enhanced the safety awareness of the people.


The Agility total ankle system is a semiconstrained prosthesis with 3 components: a tibial component in titanium, a polyethylene inlay, and a talar component in cobalt-chromium. The prosthesis is implanted without cement and allows a range of motion of 60° in dorsal and plantar flexion. Unlike other prostheses of this generation, the Agility total ankle system allows the complete replacement of all facets of the ankle joint, which helps prevent medial or lateral impingement. The support of the prosthesis on both the tibial and fibular cortex offers very good primary stability and helps prevent proximal migration of the tibial component. Between October 1999 and April 2004, 85 Agility total ankle replacements were performed in our clinic. A consecutive series of 36 patients was prospectively reviewed with a minimum follow-up of 18 months (average 29 months). In this group, the Kofoed score could be improved from an average of 40 points preoperatively up to 86 points and the American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society ankle/hindfoot score from 45 points preoperatively to 88 points at longest follow-up. The average range of motion at the ankle joint reached 11° of dorsal extension and 29° of plantar flexion. Adequate patient selection and sufficient experience in foot and ankle surgery are important factors to get good results with total ankle replacement and to use it as a possible alternative to arthrodesis in the treatment of painful ankle arthrosis. The short- and mid-term results of Agility total ankle replacement are encouraging, but further investigations and longer follow-up periods are still necessary to confirm this tendency.


The problem of finding student data that is large enough so that it is difficult to retrieve information about students is a problem that occurred at FTI Perbanas Institute Jakarta. Information retrieval is based on queries by users, who are expected to find documents based on user needs to be known as Information Retrieval. One method that can be used for this problem is the VSM or Vector Space Model method. The purpose of this study is to implement the Vector Space Model for search engines to be able to provide text document information in the right database using certain keywords. The results of the search are represented by the order and ranking of similarities of documents with queries. The expected results are a system application that makes it easier for users to be able to collect data or documents that are owned quickly, easily and accurately. This system application will be a very useful tool for optimal data search.


In this paper,the authors offered the wind prevention technology that applied to transmission line of sandy based on his practical experiences in wind prevention of transmission line.The main methods include buried and windbreak,laying rice straw bags,installed a fence and planting drought-resistant plants.Compared to the previous way of bedding rock slope protection,the method has the advantages of saving time,material,manpower and sustainable protection.Especially that suits for wind sandy land management of transmission line of northern pastoral areas.


The aim of this analysis was to compare the advantages of the anal fistula plug (AFP) with the mucosa advancement flap (MAF) for complex anal fistulas.


Shows a coach and four about to cross a bridge over Ngauranga stream in the foreground. The Hutt Road is visible to the right. Three buildings, including Futter's Tavern in the background. There is a half-canoe monument to Te Wharepouri, upright in the ground beyond the buildings and below the hills
Quite possibly a copy of an earlier work by another artist. Other known historical paintings by Rollason appear to be copied. He was known to be painting around 1900. See 'Ngauranga, late 1840s' negative 19460 1/2 for a possible original for Rollason's painting. The artist for 'Ngauranga, late 1840s' is unknown and the photographic print was among collection items held by Anthony Murray-Oliver, with no accompanying documentation. It seems likely that the painting was lent for copying in the 1960s. One extra detail in 'Ngauranga, late 1840s' is a cross on top of the hill closest to the sea; however, it lacks the additional cart and horse on the far side of the stream.

The painting includes a view of Futter's Tavern.

See also Brees, S.C. N'Houranga. engraving, plate 5, no.8 in his Pictorial Illustrations of New Zealand (London, 1847) for an earlier view of Ngauranga with the monument to Te Wharepouri
Other Titles - Ngahauranga
Inscriptions: Recto - bottom right - Rollason [in red brush-point]
Quantity: 1 oil(s).
Physical Description: Oil on board 440 x 596 mm (sight)


The ability of graphene to transduce an adsorption event of ions into a detectable electrical signal has sparked a lot of interest for its use in sensors. However, a low concentration of the chemically active sites for binding analytes on the graphene surface has significantly prevented its applications so far. Here, we report on implementation of the van der Waals heterostructure based on a monolayer graphene and an ∼1-nm-thick molecular carbon nanomembrane (CNM) in a solution-gated field-effect transistor (FET) for pH sensing. The nondestructive functionalization of a graphene FET with the amino-terminated CNM (NH2-CNM) enables the induction of chemically active groups in the vicinity of the graphene sheet, maintaining its charge carrier transport properties. We applied complementary characterization techniques, including Raman spectroscopy, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and optical and atomic force microscopy as well as field-effect and electrical impedance measurements to characterize the engineered NH2-CNM/graphene devices. We demonstrate their high pH resolution with a minimum detectable pH change of ∼0.01 at pH 2 and ∼0.04 at pH 12, with a response time in the range of seconds, and we apply an electrical double-layer model to rationalize the experimentally observed performance theoretically. The developed device concept enables the engineering of microscale pH sensors for applications in biological and environmental sciences.


This policy article is a contribution to a debate we must have about the future of urban life where the capacities and stability of the ecosystems on which we depend now challenge the validity of the growth and management strategies we have hitherto pursued. The debate must also be about sharing the burden of remedial action. Australia is and has long been an urban nation – almost 90% of the population live in cities and over half live in the nation's three largest cities. Butlin (1964) reminded us that Australia was an 'urban nation' in economic terms. More recent work by Australian historians has confirmed that this was so for most of the 20th century. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC, 2013) recently advised that the world is facing a 2°C rise in temperature and is also facing increasing levels of atmospheric CO2 as a consequence of human agency. Australia contributes more proportionately to these outcomes than it should. Both pieces of evidence are cause for concern. Each presents massive challenges. To try to respond to both could be seen by some as futile. This article is founded on an optimism that some kind of coordinated or collaborative response to them must be attempted. In earlier times, the world experienced higher temperatures and higher CO2 levels, but they occurred before human life as we know it. We cannot draw on human experience to temper our response to these challenges. The models we have developed to understand the behaviour of the environmental systems within which we live are robust yet not finely enough drawn to provide location-specific 'solutions'. We must work from first principles in the hope that what we have learned from our observations of the world's ecosystems can help us understand how they work, how they are being transformed as they respond to the challenges and stresses we collectively impose on them and what we must do to collectively modify those challenges and stresses if we want to save ourselves. It would be best if we simultaneously endeavoured to respond to the challenges.


This paper investigates the applicability of Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) for regular wave overtopping. The best practices for creating a 3-D wave simulation using SPH are investigated, focusing on the effect of numerical and physical parameters and creating the geometry of the domain. The simulation is compared to experiments conducted on a channel with complex dike geometry with particular interest in the overtopping volume and the free surface position. Close agreement was found for the free surface position and the volume of overtopped water between the experiment and the simulation.


The economic meltdown has aroused, indeed in some quarters reinforced, suspicions that the world's economic systems foster corruption and greed, at least among the more powerful members of society. The basic premise is that characteristic features of economic systems  such as the level of different economic freedoms  either promote or restrict the incidence of public corruption. But which is it? Do economic freedoms promote corruption, or suppress it? Focusing on most of the nations of the world, this study reports the results of an analysis of 11 years of data linking various economic freedoms to a widely used measure of public corruption. Remarkably consistent results exist across the study's 11-year time frame; and these results demonstrate a robust quadratic relationship between economic freedoms and public corruption. Focusing on results for the most recent data year, 2008, implications are explored regarding selected nations in the global community.


The invention provides a method for producing lithium salt. The method comprises the following steps: 1) converting alpha lithium mineral into beta lithium mineral through microwave energy; 2) grinding the converted beta lithium mineral, mixing with concentrated sulfuric acid and then entering into a microwave oven for performing sulfating roasting; and 3) leaching the roasted product in the step 2) with water, thereby acquiring a Li2SO4 solution. According to the invention, the microwave energy conversion is capable of saving energy; the converting temperature is lower than the converting temperature under the condition of taking coal as energy and is below 350 DEG C; the energy consumption is saved for 50%; the microwave energy conversion roasting is clean, is free from carbon dioxide and sulfur trioxide emission and meets an environment-friendly requirement; the converting and sulfating roasting temperature is easily controlled; the temperature difference is controlled within +/-2 DEG C; the impurities, such as, iron, calcium, magnesium and carbon in the tailings after converting and leaching lithium can be greatly reduced; the application field and the economic value of slag can be promoted; the production cost can be reduced by 10%; the overall economic benefit can be increased by 15%.


The use of fossil fuels to supply human energy needs is increasing day by day, which contributes to environmental pollution. In addition, they have a limited supply and are not continuously being made, or they are made very slowly. Thus, to reduce human dependence on this type of energy, the use of renewable energy sources is increasing, which has problems because of the high cost of investment and the stochastic nature. In this study, a sensitivity analysis of renewables was conducted to evaluate the impact of these resources on the costs of hybrid power plants based on renewable energies. In this regard, the amount of wind and intensity of sunlight was studied in the Kermanshah region. Significant results can be attributed to a reduction in the rate of return of capital to 9.22 years for the radiation intensity of 4.5Kwh / m 2 / d. Then, by Sensitivity analysis to wind intensity, the Optimal wind turbine speed was 4.99 m/s, for COE 0.93($/Kwh).


OBJECTIVE
To compare the image quality and visibility of coronary arteries that were performed by 16 slices and 64 slices multidetector row CT (MDCT).

STUDY DESIGN
Descriptive analysis.

MATERIAL AND METHOD
Twenty-eight patients suspected of hearing coronary artery disease had noninvasive coronary CT angiography performed by 16 slices MDCT and 64 slices MDCT Data were retrospectively analyzed and reviewed by two radiologists. Image quality was assessed by using a grading scale from excellent (4) to non-assessable (0) and the rate of displayed coronary branches was calculated.

RESULTS
Four hundred twenty coronary CT angiography segments in 28 patients were evaluated.

CONCLUSION
Coronary CT angiography using 64 slices multi-detector row CT provides a significantly higher image quality of coronary arteries and their branches compared with 16 slices multi-detector row CT.


We introduce Venn diagrams for multisets and showhow they simplify the analysis of multisets. Venn diagrams arevery useful in proofs involving multisets and multiset orders, especially considering the complications introduced by the multiplicity of elements in multisets. We compare the Venn diagramsfor multisets with the corresponding ones for sets. Thus, wepresent two types of Venn diagrams for multisets, a simple onethat looks like a diagram for sets, but with areas that are notnecessarily disjoint, and a complex one (compared to sets), butwith certain delimited disjoint areas. We determine the numberof non-composite areas (disjoint or not) in a Venn diagram formultisets, for which we give two sequences of integers. We compare several properties of Venn diagrams for sets and multisets, like symmetry and Hamiltonicity. Venn diagrams for multisetscan also be used for databases, knowledge representation systems, in artificial intelligence, Semantic Web.


Abstract : A data base approach has been used to monitor the status of Army Lubrication Orders. Some of these documents date back to 1948 and most are not current. Most of the Lube Orders are over 10 yr old and do not reflect changes made during that time. The data base will be used to evaluate the status of projects to update these documents, on a quarter basis.


Objective To investigate the effect of ectogenesis chitosan and hyaluronic acid on the joint function of osteoarthritis patients.Methods Forty-two patients suffered from knee osteoarthritis were divided randomly into chitosan group(26 osteoarthritis knees of 20 patients) and hyaluronic acid group(28 knees of 22 patients).Two millilitre of one percent chitosan or hyaluronic acid was injected into the articular cavity.Three injections were performed within 1 month every course.Four courses were done within 1 year.Joint function index were observed in 1,4,7,12 months after the first injection,and the content of IL-1,IL-6 and TNF-α of joint fluid were detected.Results In chitosan group,the joint function index were higher than that before treatment.The efficient rate in 1st,4th,7th,12th month were 19.2%,42.3%,50.0% and 65.4% respectively.There was not any difference between these two groups.The level of IL-1,IL-6 and TNF-α decreased significantly after treatment in both groups.Conclusion Ectogenesis chitosan as well as hyaluronic acid has good effect on osteoarthritis.


The aim of this paper is to develop a model for estimating the urban logistics improvements potential based on success factors of intermodal urban transport. There were two aspects considered for building the urban logistics time efficiency model: achieving an improved transport capacity without purchasing new vehicles, and transferring responsibility of poor shipment planning to its owners by implementing the intermodal transport success factors. The model is to establish functional relationship among the shipment distribution requests (urbanization) and urban logistics inefficiencies management (market inconsistencies), and their impact on business operations. The applicability of the proposed model was tested on urban population growth data and time inefficiencies in urban distribution. The results provide both theoretical and practical confirmation of time efficiency importance of urban logistics and potential for introduction of new intermodal solutions in urban logistics. Different case scenarios for Sarajevo prove that reducing inefficiencies in urban logistics could reduce the number of delivery vehicles by less than a half. Since the delivery vehicles are sources of pollution, the subsequent conclusion is valid for externalities levels. The model, therefore, complements the existing knowledge and represents a practical tool for urban planners and logistics professionals for creating an efficient, innovative, and integrative approach to the development of urban logistics services.


Abstract 5119 Introduction Diffuse Large B cell Lymphoma (DLBCL) is a clinically and biologically heterogeneous lymphoid malignancy, where complete response is achieved in up to 60% of patients, though over half of all patients relapse (Hunt and Reichard, 2007). The prognostic significance of the expression of FOXP1 transcription factor in DLBCL has been highly controversial with some studies describing immunohistochemical FOXP1 expression as a poor prognostic marker (Banham et. all. 2005). Recent transcript analysis has identified over 10 FOXP1 isoforms where some exhibit COOH- or NH3- truncations and also the absence of regulatory domains. These truncated isoforms are highly expressed in ABC-DLBCL (Brown et. al. 2008) and it is suggested that truncated isoforms may aberrantly regulate FOXP1 target genes. Although there have been many studies debating the prognostic significance of FOXP1 overexpression in DLBCL, there has been little examination of the function of FOXP1 in DLBCL, specifically the genes targeted by FOXP1, and how the function of FOXP1 isoforms may contribute to a more aggressive phenotype. Methods Expression constructs for 4 FOXP1 isoforms (isoforms 1, 2, 3 and 8) were kindly provided by Dr. Philip Brown and Dr. Alison Banham. Stable cell lines were established by transfecting the BJAB cell line with either FOXP1 isoform 1 or the empty pBKCMV construct, and selection with G418 antibiotic. Total RNA was extracted from both cell lines and 4 DLBCL tumours (with low to high FOXP1 expression), and gene expression was analysed using Illumina HT12v4 microarray. Genes with >2-fold changes in expression between pBKCMV and Isoform 1 stable cell line were investigated. VisANT analysis and Gene set enrichment was performed on differentially expressed genes and candidates were validated by qRT-PCR. Promoter analysis using MatInspector revealed forkhead-binding sites in the promoter region of candidate genes, and dual luciferase reporter gene assays were performed to ascertain promoter regulation by FOXP1 isoforms. Western blot was also performed to validate translational changes in expression. Results In the gene expression microarray analysis of FOXP1 isoform 1 expression compared to baseline levels, 271 genes were identified with >2-fold differential expression. High versus low FOXP1 expressing DLBCL patients were also compared, where it was found that 2472 genes were differentially expressed over the 2-fold level. Significantly, comparison of differentially expressed genes in both the cell line and patient samples revealed all 271 genes differentially expressed in the cell line overlapped with the patient genes, indicating these results are translatable to FOXP1 function in DLBCL tumours. Pathway analysis was performed on the differentially expressed genes, and unexpectedly there were no significant enrichment of curated pathways. Alternatively visANT was used to examine interactive networks of the 271 candidate genes, and an integrative analysis using the FOXP1 microarray expression data was used to enrich the interactions. This analysis revealed critical interactions that could not be revealed by pathway analysis, and also identified genes that are likely FOXP1 targets. The promoter regions of 5 genes were investigated using reporter gene assays, and FOXP1 isoforms 3 and 8 were found to be significantly stronger transcriptional repressors compared to isoforms 1 and 2. For example, one of the genes identified, heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein U (HNRNPU) was highly expressed in the presence of isoform 1, however in the presence of isoform 3 was greatly downregulated. Although this gene has not previously been associated with DLBCL, HNRNPU is a potent regulator of snRNP9s thereby having global effects on mRNA production and protein synthesis (Xiao et. al. 2012 Cell Vol. 45(5) 656–668). We are currently investigating the biological significance of other novel FOXP1 target genes, and how the truncated isoforms are involved in the differential regulation of these genes. Conclusion We have identified 271 genes that are differentially expressed in both a cell line model and DLBCL patient tissues with high versus low FOXP1 expression. These are novel genes in DLBCL pathogenesis that also show differential expression in the presence of truncated isoforms, indicating truncated isoforms may have aberrant functions and may contribute to a more pathogenic phenotype. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


Abstract. Eggs of a local population of Locusta migratoria L. (Orthoptera: Acrididae) collected near Hirosaki (40.5oN) entered diapause when incubated at temperatures between 20 and 35oC. For diapause development the optimum temperature was 10oC. The lower thermal threshold for post‐diapause development was 14.7oC. After chilling at 10oC for 20 days, the rate of hatching varied with incubation temperature, being 0, 61% and 81% at 20, 25 and 30oC, respectively. After chilling for 40 days or more, however, almost all eggs hatched at 20–30oC. Diapause with a reduced intensity seemed to be eliminated easily by a high temperature of 25 or 30oC.


An experimental investigation has been carried out to analyze the performance and emission characteristics of a compression ignition engine fuelled with non-edible straight vegetable oils of Neem, Mahua, Linseed and Castor oil. Straight vegetable oils posed operational and durability problems when subjected to long term usage in CI engine. These problems are attributed to high viscosity, low volatility and polyunsaturated character of vegetable oils. Hence, process of transesterification is found to be effective method of reducing viscosity and eliminating operational and durability problems. Fuel preheating in the experiments for reducing viscosity of neat oils has also been done by a specially designed heat exchanger, which utilizes waste heat from exhaust gases. The test is conducted on single cylinder DI engine at constant speed of 1500 rpm. The performance parameters evaluated include thermal efficiency, brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC), brake specific energy consumption (BSEC), and exhaust gas temperature whereas exhaust emissions include mass emissions smoke. The results of the experiment in each case were compared with baseline data of diesel. Significant improvements have been observed in the performance parameters of the engine as well as exhaust emissions with use of neem, mahua and castor oil. Economic analysis was also done in the study and it is found that use of vegetable oil as diesel fuel substitutes has almost similar cost as that of mineral diesel.


Recent high microwave experiments in the ELMO Bumpy Torus-Scale (EBT-S) at power levels through 200 kW cw at 28 GHz cover a broad parameter range (density, temperature, potential well, etc), the operating window (T-mode) increases with power, and the plasma characteristics change significantly with operating parameters (power and pressure). Because the density profiles are observed to change with these parameters, comparisons with zero-dimensional theoretical expectations for the complete data set are not possible. However, it is shown that for controlled power and pressure combinations scale lengths and e phi/T/sub e/ are constant and the electron transport in EBT-S scales neoclassically; the power balance (P/sub ..mu../ approx. n/sup 2//T/sub e//sup 1/2/) and particle balance (tau/sub E//tau/sub p/ approx. constant) are consistent with neoclassical predictions.


This is a one year prospective study conducted in a tertiary referral teaching hospital. The study included 33 cases of otogenic brain abscess with chronic otitis media. HRCT scan of the temporal bone were done to stage the abscess. Depending on the stage, immediate and delayed aspiration with substitution by antibiotic solution were carried out and clinico-radiological outcome compared. This study evaluates the clinical presentation and the role of CT scan in deciding the appropriate time of surgical aspiration of otogenic brain abscess and substituting with antibiotic followed by mastoidectomy. Patients commonly presented with aural discharge, fever and headache with 75.5% cases having temporal lobe abscess. CT scans showing initial encephalitis or latent stage (n=21) were treated conservatively, out of which 28.6% cases showed resolution .Those showing evidence of localization (n= 12) were treated by aspiration with substitution of antibiotic solution, out of which all cases showed resolution. We conclude that close CT scan examination can help to inform the localisation and stage of a purulent inflammatory process in the abscess. This information can be reliably used to predict the timing and modality of surgical treatment i.e aspiration with substitution by antibiotic solution ,with satisfactory postoperative and long-term outcome.


In No. 307 (January, 1946) the report was the subject of further comment by the Editor. He referred to its proposals as "flamboyant" and to its lack of "a glimmering sense of what is meant by the secularization of the modern mind." It is as a sequel to those two sets of remarks that I offer the present article. About the report, which I am afraid I have not read, I have nothing to say. But there is a missionary problem in France as well as in England. It occurs to me that at least some readers of this periodical, whatever they think or do not think of the report, may from time to time give their minds fleetingly to the vast question of how, if at all, the Body of Christ is to be built up in our day. To them, accordingly, a rough outline of the way in which the missionary problem in France is regarded and is being tackled by the Church of Rome should be welcome. First of all, I ought to point out that, despite appearances to the contrary, the influence of the Church of Rome in France at present is weak. It is true that the new progressive party of the centre, the Mouvement republicain populaire, is a Roman Catholic political party, and that it had more seats than any other party in the second Constituent Assembly. It is true that the anticlericalism which was so active against the Church in the early years of the century now seems to have expired. But both these factsare deceptive. In 1940 elements of the Gallican Church tried to take advantage of the advent of the Vichy Government and brought pressure to bear upon it in order to have the Church given a position analogous to that which it occupies in Franco Spain. But although negatively Vichy displayed an almost sublime gubernatorial incompetence at all levels below Marshal Petain himself, and positively perpetrated colossal blunders-so that its in many ways admirable political programme remained a dead letter-of that particular colossal blunder it steered clear. Nevertheless, the attempt to win for the ecclesiastical organization an unholy political control had occurred, and when "liberation" arrived the attempt was not forgotten. Twice in the spring of 1946 the Church was shown that it must sing small. The first occasion was when the first Constituent Assembly failed to grant subsidies to ecclesiastical schools. The French episcopate protested as a body, and the protest achieved no result. The second occasion was when the elementary schools of Alsace were secularized. This time the French clerical press


Let g̃ be an affine Lie algebra of the type C (1) ` . Let g = g−1 ⊕ g0 ⊕ g1 be a Z-gradation of the corresponding simple finite-dimensional Lie algebra, and let g̃ = g̃−1 ⊕ g̃0 ⊕ g̃1 be the induced Z-gradation of the affine Lie algebra. A principal subspace W (Λ) of a standard module L(Λ) is a g̃1-submodule of L(Λ) generated by the highest-weight vector vΛ. We find a combinatorial basis of W (Λ) given in terms of difference and initial conditions. Linear independence of the generating set is proved inductively by using coefficients of intertwining operators.


ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to examine the physical activity of parents of young children with disabilities and the effect of physical activity enjoyment on those physical activity behaviors. 135 participants completed an online survey which included the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form and the physical activity enjoyment questionnaire. Mean metabolic equivalent-minutes per week for moderate physical activity was 747.00 (SD: 747.25) and for vigorous physical activity was 654.68 (SD: 992.84). 33% of participants reported zero minutes per week of both moderate and vigorous physical activity. Two separate multiple linear regressions indicated that physical activity enjoyment was a significant predictor for both moderate physical activity (β = 0.26, p = 0.002) and vigorous physical activity (β = 0.31, p < 0.001) after controlling for the ages of parent and child. The results of this study suggest that parents of young children with disabilities who participated in physical activity were moderately physically active, but a considerable number of parents of young children with disabilities did not participate in moderate and vigorous physical activity at all. Fortunately, targeting physical activity enjoyment may be a way to promote physical activity in parents of young children with disabilities.


Safe, secure and peaceful environment is prerequisite for growth and survival of democracy. Rule of law is cardinal principle of democracy. Efficient, effective and accountable police is essential for ensuring peace and harmony and to uphold the rule of law. The expectations of people have grown in the post independence period. People wanted the police as people-friendly and service oriented institution, but the structure and functions of Indian police is still governed by the Indian Police Act 1861 enacted by Colonial rulers to perpetuate their unjust and oppressive rule in India. Consequently, structure and functioning of existing police system need to be changed for making it a people's police but the politicians, top police leadership and bureaucracy have vested interest to maintain the status quo. Instead of brining reform in police, the politicians have misused it for promoting their partisan interest. Thus, there is urgent need for police reforms to make the police autonomous but accountable. Insulating the police from political interference, providing infrastructural facilities, sufficient provision of training and adequate manpower are vital for autonomous and professional police forces. Democracy cannot survive in an environment of anarchy and chaos. Therefore, efficient and accountable police forces are as much essential for functional democracy of India as for safety and security of citizens.


The [2+2] cyclocondensation reaction between sodium 2,6-diformyl-4-chlorophenolate and benzyldiethylenetriamine, using the sodium template method, followed by transmetallation with Zn(CH3COO)2·2H2O, gave an unexpected 18-membered macrocyclic product in which ring contractions have occurred to produce two imidazolidine rings. In the macrocyclic complex, [μ-3,17-dibenzyl-13,27-dichloro-3,6,9,17,20,23-hexaazapentacyclo[18.104.22.168,15.02,6.016,20]triaconta-1(29),9,11(30),12,14,23,25,27-octaene-29,30-diolato]bis[(acetato-κO)zinc(II)] ethanol 1.75-solvate 0.25-hydrate, [Zn2(C38H38Cl2N6O2)(CH3COO)2]·1.75C2H6O·0.25H2O, each of the two ZnII ions has a distorted trigonal bipyramidal environment.


Aspergillus species are frequent causes of invasive fungal infections in immunocompromised patients; they are also associated with allergic bronchopulmonary diseases, mycotic keratitis, otomycosis and nasal sinusitis. At least 30 Aspergillus species have been associated with human diseases, and A. fumigatus remains the most frequent cause of invasive Aspergillosis (IA) but recently in some institutions, A. tereus is becoming more common and it is less susceptible to Amphotericine B. A. nidulans has also been reported to be less susceptible to this drug in comparison with A. fumigatus. A. ustus as a rare cause of invasive disease has been, reported to be resistant to Amphotericine-B while remaining susceptible to itraconazole. A. ustus has also been reported to be less susceptible to voriconazole. Therefore accurate identification of species is International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 3 Number 12 (2014) pp. 555-562 http://www.ijcmas.com


8562 Background: Pts on established (≥ 8 weeks) IV BP who have elevated bone resorption markers, especially urinary N-telopeptide (uNTx), are at increased risk for skeletal related events (Coleman, J Clin Oncol 2005). Denosumab, a fully human monoclonal antibody, inhibits osteoclastic bone resorption by binding and neutralizing RANK ligand, a key mediator of osteoclast differentiation and function. Denosumab efficacy and safety were evaluated in a phase 2, randomized, open label, active-controlled study in advanced cancer pts with BM and elevated levels of uNTX despite established IV BP therapy. We report preliminary results from an interim analysis of 49 pts at week 13.

METHODS
Eligible pts (≥18 yrs old with solid tumor [except lung] or multiple myeloma [MM]; confirmed BM; screening uNTx > 50 nM BCE/mM creatinine [Cr]; on IV BP for ≥ 8 weeks before randomization) are stratified by baseline uNTx (50-100, >100) and tumor type. Pts are randomized to 1 of 3 arms: IV BP every 4 weeks (Q4W) or 180 mg denosumab given subcutaneously Q4W or Q12W. The primary endpoint is the proportion (%) of pts with uNTx < 50 nM BCE/mM Cr at week 13. Enrollment is ongoing (planned N = 135).

RESULTS
The mean (range) age of all pts in the analysis (33 denosumab; 16 BP) was 62.5 (39, 81) yrs; 96% had > 2 BM. The median time on prior IV BP (mostly zoledronic acid) was 5.1 months. Tumors included prostate (n = 24), breast (n = 20), other/MM (n = 5). The % of pts with uNTx < 50 nM BCE/mM Cr at week 13 was greater with denosumab (pooled arms) than IV BP: 76% (95% CI: 60.3, 91.2) vs 38% (95% CI: 18.5, 61.4; P = .015 Cochran-Mantel-Haenzel), respectively. No treatment-related serious adverse events (SAEs) were reported. Commonly reported AEs in the denosumab arms included nausea, peripheral edema, anemia, bone pain, and constipation. At data cutoff, 10 deaths (6/33 denosumab, 4/16 BP) had occurred on-study.

CONCLUSIONS
These interim data suggest that denosumab normalizes uNTx more frequently than IV BP in pts with elevated uNTx despite 8 weeks of IV BP, across all tumor types. The AE profile of denosumab appeared similar to that of cancer pts undergoing treatment. [Table: see text].


A series of seven empirical studies conducted in Sheffield lend support to the notion that learners do spontaneously display styles of information processing behaviour originally identified by Pask and Scott, that even versatile postgraduate students are susceptible to the effects of matching and mismatching of teaching and learning styles, and that the arena in which these learning styles may be observed extends beyond learning to information seeking activity including database searching. Much research is still to be done to resolve the enigma of learning styles. However, arguably Pask's time has come in the sense that current computing software and educational infrastructure now allow with relative ease the testing of the potential of Pask's constructs using large samples of students, and the realisation of this potential in the development and delivery of mainstream teaching and learning resources.


A study of mathematical models of finite element methods and software for the calculation of vibrations of shell structures subject to displacement and stress during rotation. Mathematical models are based on three dimensional finite elements with a high degree of approximating polynomials.


The uncanny valley it s a hypothesis in the robotic filed which holds that when are highly human-like anthropomorphic robots, they cause a negative reaction in the people and sensation of discomfort, nonetheless when there is some anthropomorphic similarity, the robot it-s treated like a machine, causing the opposite effect. With this work we want to solve the human-humanoid-robot interaction using a psychological approach and applying this results using robot kinematics algorithms, thus, making the robot gestures, more human-like.


IN MANY countries the legislation on arbitration is regularly amended to conform to recent developments and to meet the needs of the business community. In France, the legislation on arbitration was amended in 1981. The Netherlands followed in 1986 and Switzerland in 1987. The Arbitration Act of Portugal dates from 1986 while the Spanish Act dates from 1988. The most recent statutes on arbitration are the English Arbitration Act of 1996 and, finally, the German Arbitration Act which came into force on 1 January 1998.

To transform Belgium into a centre of transnational arbitration, the Act of 19 May 1998 ( Official Gazette , 7 August 1998) has two goals:

1. to improve the effectiveness of arbitration for conflict resolution, and

2. to adapt Belgian legislation to incorporate the most recent international developments.1

Twenty-five years after Part VI of the Judicial Code (JC) came into force, the government drew conclusions from Belgium's isolation in the group of countries that had adopted modern arbitration legislation. Belgian arbitration law was based on the 20 January 1966 Strasbourg European Treaty on a uniform arbitration law and it was the only country to have enacted national legislation on the basis of this treaty. More specifically, on 21 June 1985 the UN Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) adopted its Model Law. This Model Law is inspiring modern arbitration legislation such as the recent German Arbitration Act. The Belgian legislator opted to amend its existing arbitration law and did not introduce the UNCITRAL Model Law, not even in a slightly amended way such as Germany did.2

Unlike the French and Swiss legislation, the Belgian statute does not enact distinct rules for national and international arbitration. The flexibility which international arbitration tries to achieve also has clear advantages for national arbitration. However, the distinct rules on requests …


The need to carry out this research emerged after several unsuccessful attempts to preventive measures operating under the name, design and use of subscriber telephone listing, implemented by the security authorities and state security services and clarify future time out for a constitutional and lawful manner, which will dismiss public suspicion about misconduct in the performance of preventive activities. It is this need for legal action directed explicitly to crimes in the area of organized crime, as well as the lex specialis cases, in search for missing persons. Misuse of these operational activities are recorded several times by the Commissioner for Information of Public Interest and the Ombudsman, the same as in the means of public information and amounted, in what have so far ignored all state agencies that are responsible for the implementation of constitutional and legal rights and Justice. Such behavior has resulted in a court judgment against one of the military security services, but the general public and professional community and the other when deprived of wider debate, which would be professional and based on scientific research and the experience of European security services offer a solution to this problem.


Objective: to increase the efficiency and safety of the treatment of the bronchi secretory-evacuation disorders in acute bronchitis with impaired respiratory function in children by using a medication with minimal effect on the cardiovascular system. Materials and methods. Under observation were 60 children aged 6 to 11 years. 2 observation groups were formed (30 children in each group): 1st group — children receiving the Bronchipret® for 10 days with acute bronchitis with impaired respiratory function; 2nd group — children who do not receive the Bronchipret in acute bronchitis with impaired respiratory function. Results. In the group of patients taking Bronchipret®, in addition to faster clinical dynamics, according to spirography, there was an improvement in the parameters of the external respiration function, characterizing the obstructive component of the obstruction of the air flow. After therapy with Bronchipret®, normalization of the functioning of the autonomic nervous system and the predominance of eutonia were observed against the background of a decrease in the number of registration of parasympathicotonia. Conclusion. The good tolerance and safety of Bronchipret® during 7-day use in patients aged 6–11 years allows us to recommend this drug as a highly effective treatment for bronchi secretory-evacuation disorders in acute bronchitis in children. The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki Declaration. The study protocol was approved by the Local Ethics Committee of participating institution. The informed consent of the patient was obtained for conducting the studies. No conflict of interest was declared by the authors. Key words: children, bronchitis, spirography, treatment, thyme, ivy.