Menopause is the most prevalent cause of accelerated bone loss in women. Vitamin D insufficiency is predominant in postmenopausal women and has been related with low bone mineral density. The present study intends to estimate the bone mineral density and the incidence of vitamin D3 deficiency among postmenopausal Iraqi women. This study was carried through November 2019 to March 2020 at the Rheumatology and Rehabilitation Unit/ Baghdad Teaching HospitalMedical City/ Baghdad, with a total of 35 postmenopausal women. Their ages ranged from 52-65 years and they were paralleled with 35 healthy premenopausal women as control group. All individuals were diagnosed by physicians in a Rheumatology and Rehabilitation Outpatient Clinic and the clinical data was collected along with the assessment of biochemical parameters. There was a significant increase (p d" 0.05) in fasting serum glucose, total cholesterol, triacylglycerol, and low density lipoprotein cholesterol, whereas a significant decrease (p d" 0.05) in serum calcium and vitamin D3 were found in postmenopausal women as paralleled to premenopausal. Hypovitaminosis D were appeared in postmenopausal women (11.30±5.6 ng/ml) vs. 47.48±6.26 ng/ml in premenopausal. Also, there was a significant decrease (p= 0.0011) in bone mineral density and T-score in postmenopausal women as compared to premenopausal with OR and CI= 1.07 (0.76-1.52), 1.37 (0.871.76) receptively. Furthermore, there was a significant negative correlation between bone mineral density with body mass index and fasting serum glucose also between serum vitamin D3 and fasting serum glucose. Hypovitaminosis D with low bone mineral density were associated with poor glycemic control and dyslipidemia among postmenopausal women.


The main goal of routing protocol is to efficiency delivers data from source to destination. All routing protocols are the same in this goal, but the way they adopt to achieve it is different, so routing strategy has an egregious role on the performance of an ad hoc network. Most of routing protocols proposed for ad hoc networks have a flat structure. These protocols expand the control overhead packets to discover or maintain a route. On the other hand a number of hierarchical-based routing protocols have been developed, mostly are based on layered design. These protocols improve network performances especially when the network size grows up since details about remote portion of network can be handled in an aggregate manner. Although, there is another approach to design a protocol called cross-layer design. Using this approach information can exchange between different layer of protocol stack, result in optimizing network performances.
In this paper, we intend to exert cross-layer design to optimize Cluster Based Routing Protocol (Cross-CBRP). Using NS-2 network simulator we evaluate rate of cluster head changes, throughput and packet delivery ratio. Comparisons denote that Cross-CBRP has better performances with respect to the original CBRP.


Throughout much anthropological literature, there are debates concerning the nature of social relationships in gift-giving (Mauss 1925; Parry 1986; Parry and Bloch 1989; Godelier 1999). There are also debates concerning the nature of personal relationships and social and ritual communication between humans and ancestors (Kopytoff 1971; Brain 1973; Fortes 1976; Steadman, Palmer, and Tilley 1996). Few works, however, have explored the Interconnections between these domains: gift-giving, aged social and ritual status, and mortuary rituals addressing ancestors. This essay explores the relationship between alms, elders, and ancestor beliefs among the Tuareg of Niger, West Africa. Many Tuareg explicitly associate elderhood with takote, a term denoting aims or charity. Elders predominate during the condolence phase of Tuareg mortuary rituals. This phase features commemorative meals conceptualized as takote aims offerings and believed to confer benediction. The prominence of takote in Tuareg mortuary rituals expresses communication between the dead and their descendants. I explore this communication as a reflection on changing relations between the generations, local religion, and historical memory. The goal is to contribute to integrating age, ancestor beliefs, and gift-giving in anthropological theory. (Ancestors, age, life course, ritual, gift-giving) Alms offerings are prominent in ideals and practices surrounding elders, ancestors, and mortuary rituals among the Tuareg people of Niger Republic, West Africa. Many statements associate elderhood with takote (alms), often translated into French by local speakers as la charite and l'aumone. Elders predominate during the condolence phase of Tuareg mortuary rituals called iwichkan, which feature the takote memorial or commemorative meals. These meals are conceptualized as alms offerings and are believed to confer the protection of a religious amulet to the families who host them. This essay semiotically analyzes the polysemic meanings and contextual practices of the concept of takote (the Tamajaq term often used as a gloss for both alms and mortuary rituals) and emphasizes its relation to the social and ritual statuses of living elder and deceased ancestor. It shows how careful refinements of the study of ancestor-related mortuary rituals in relation to alms offerings illuminate religious and historical memory. The focus is on takote as a medium of communication with and about ancestors occurring between the dead and their descendants and among living descendants, particularly elders and youths. The goal here is to analyze how ancestral/mortuary beliefs and practices and alms offerings inform wider theoretical concerns with age, intergenerational relationships, history, and memory. There are two main sections to this analysis: first, there is a theoretical discussion of what can be gained in the field of anthropology of aging from the study of alms offerings in ancestral cosmology and rituals, interspersed with this essay's general argument. Next, there is the Tuareg ethnographic case illustrating local cultural meditations on these age-related categories and processes, followed by conclusions regarding its wider relevance for age, intergenerational relationships, and the cultural construction of history and memory. GIFTS, OFFERINGS, AGE, AND ANCESTORS Many scholars (Evans-Pritchard 1956; De Heusch 1985; Weiner 1988; Parkin 1991) have noted the importance of libations, sacrifice, and other offerings in death-related rituals. Few works, however, have explored alms in rituals addressing ancestors in terms of how connections between the living and the dead, the present and the past, and youths and elders are not only forged but also disputed. The emphasis here is on exchanges, communicative events, and tropes both within and on the sidelines of these takote memorial meals in an approach to death ritual as "a busy intersection" (Rosaldo 1991), a particularly useful lens for examining intergenerational and ancestral rituals. …


In article, it is deduced that theory calculation formula about stress distributing in cross-section and martensite percent's change with section height for random section shape bending bar, according to Brinson's constitutive relation. Analyzing the bar's energy dissipation capability under circulation bending moment, constructing intact calculation theory. Making use of MATLAB program, carrying through numerical calculation for uniform rectangle cross-section bar, acquiring relationship curve of maximal stress and strain on cross-section edge with bending moment, of stress and martensite percent's with cross-section height, of energy dissipation capability with cross-section height, of energy dissipation capability with maximal strain on cross-section edge, carrying through discussion for those curve also. In article, it is put forward that SMA material can be used for structure vibration passive control to dissipate energy of bending moment.


The plane contact problem on wear of elastic half-plane by a rigid punch has been considered. The punch moves with constant velocity. Arising thermal effects are neglected because the problem is investigated in stationary statement. In this case the crumpling of the nonhomogeneities of the surfaces and abrasion of half-plane take place. Out of the punch the surface of half-plane is free of load. The solution for problem of theory of elasticity is constructed by means of Fourier integral transformation. Contact stresses are found in Fourier series which coefficients satisfy the dual integral equations. It leads to the system of nonlinear algebraical equations for unknown coefficients by a method of collocations. This system is reduced to linear system in the partial most interesting cases for computing of maximum and minimum wear. The iterative scheme is considered for investigation of other nonlinear cases, for initial approximation the mean value of boundary cases is used. The evolutions of contact stresses, wear and abrasion in the time are given. For both last cases increase or invariable of vertical displacement correspondently is obtained. In the boundary cases coincidence of results with known is obtained.


The purposes of this study were: (1) to describe the librarians challenges' at PUGB in dealing with the development of information technology, (2) to describe the strategies that undertaken to increase the performance of librarians in facing the development of information technology at PUGB Tanah Datar. Data were collected by using observation method, interviewing with 7 librarians at PUGB. Analysis was done descriptively. The study objective is the strategy of improvement librarians performances at Public Library of Gunung Bungsu Tanah Datar Regency. There are two findings of the study for librarians in dealing with the developmentthere are two challenges for librarians in dealing with the development of information technology; komputer, communicative and knowledgeable librarians. Based on its challenges, it created the strategy for PUGB librarians in dealing with the the developments of information technology. Keyword : library performance; information technology


The effect of pressure has been measured on the absorption edges of selenium, arsenic, white phosphorus, red phosphorus, and iodine. In all cases a red shift of the edge (decrease of the energy gap) occurs with increasing pressure. White phosphorus undergoes a transition to the conducting black phase near 30 000 atmos. The change in the gap with pressure for selenium is correctly predicted from conductivity measurements. An extrapolation of the gap to zero indicates that the gaps of these elements will have disappeared below 300 000 atmos. This compares with previous work on sulfur where the estimated pressure for zero gap is 400 000 atmos.


FITC-conjugated nanoferrofluid (FNFF) was synthesized and characterized to study the dynamic of laser-induced transport of NPs in water. The results confirmed a definite laser-induced enhanced velocity of NPs (100 μm⋅s−1) almost twice as much the without laser (i.e. Brownian motion). The diffusion coefficients of 17 × 10−6 m2⋅s−1 and 55 × 10−6 m2⋅s−1 were found for the cases without and with laser action respectively. The act of laser when switched on after NPs had reached the steady state was very prominent. The laser-induced heat and power generated by NPs were calculated 0.2μW⋅cm−3 and 0.4 pW⋅cm−2 respectively. Our experiment condition was non-adiabatic and that the heat generated was diffused into the surrounding. We considered the Maxwell's criteria (Kp/Kw −1⋅K−1. Based on the Brownian diffusion and DLVO theory, at earlier times where the NPs are more dispersed within the medium are displaced faster. However, at later stages they become less mobile as they are agglomerated. The mechanisms for the enhanced mobility and laser transport of NPs are thought to be due to e.m.w induced force (i.e. an oscillatory motion) and laser absorptive force (i.e., photothermophoresis). A beam divergence of about 5.24° (or 91 mrad) was determined. A non-linear behaviour of laser beam was observed as a trajectory path within the water due to thermal heating hence causing the change of refractive index of medium and redistribution of NPs concentration.


Gastric amebiasis occurred naturally in two wallaroos in the Baton Rouge Zoo. Infection by an Entamoeba sp. parasite was confined to the forestomach and was characterized by hemorrhage and necrosis of the mucosa; parasitic invasion of the lamina propria, submucosa, and muscularis; and extensive gastric edema. Typical amebic cysts were found in the feces of the animal that died and of those in contact. Gastric amebiasis has not previously been reported in marsupials.


It is reasonable to want control over what is said and thought of us. Though perhaps we have never really had confidentiality, the internet presents new challenges in separating our private and public lives. In this opinion piece, I advocate the importance of being aware of one's web presence and how it may shape how you are perceived by others. I focus on employment issues as a growing concern, with employers drawing on what is online to decide about hiring or continuing employment.


Malnutrition among children is one of the biggest public health problems recognized by UN for achieving Millennium Development Goals (MDG). India havingone of the largest child development programs in the world contributes to one-third of world's malnourished children. The main objective of this paper is to examine the determinants of child nutritional status in Empowered Action Group (EAG) states of India that are Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Odisha, Rajasthan, Uttarakhand and Uttar Pradesh. Data for this study have been taken from National Family Health Survey (NFHS-3) conducted during 2005-06. The unit level information on 20668 children aged 0-59 months has been included in the analysis. Common indices for nutritional deficiencies i.e., Stunting, Underweight and Wasting are used in this study. Following the methodology of NFHS-3,malnutrition has been labeled in various categories. These indices have been expressed in z-scores from the median for the WHO international reference population. To identify the covariates of malnutrition, multivariate logistic regression model has been used. A significant association is observed between child's nutritional status and mother's education, wealth index, mother's nutritional status, size of child at birth, birth order, child's age and type of caste/tribe. Our analysis reveals that for Stunted children, child's age (OR 5.32) is the most dominant factor affecting chronic malnutrition that is followed by mother's educational status (OR 2.43), wealth index, mother's nutritional status, size of child at birth, type of caste/tribe and birth order (OR 1.24). For Underweight children, we find wealth index (OR 2.23) as the dominant factor followed by mother's nutritional status, mother's educational status (OR 2.08), child's age, size of child at birth, type of caste/tribe and birth order (OR 1.13). For children suffering from acute malnutrition (Wasting), mother's nutritional status (OR 2.50) was the most dominant factor followed by child's age, mother's education (OR 1.45), wealth index, type of caste/tribe and size of child at birth (OR 1.54).


The remarkable progress of power electronic converters (PEC) technology has led to their increased penetration in distributed energy systems (DES). Particularly, the direct current (dc) nanogrid-based DES embody a variety of sources and loads, connected through a central dc bus. Therefore, PECs are required to be employed as an interface. It would facilitate incorporation of the renewable energy sources and battery storage system into dc nanogrids. However, it is more challenging as the integration of multiple modules may cause instabilities in the overall system dynamics. Future dc nanogrids are envisioned to deploy ready-to-use commercial PEC, for which designers have no insight into their dynamic behavior. Furthermore, the high variability of the operating conditions constitute a new paradigm in dc nanogrids. It exacerbates the dynamic analysis using traditional techniques. Therefore, the current work proposes behavioral modeling to perform system level analysis of a dc nanogrid-based DES. It relies only on the data acquired via measurements performed at the input–output terminals only. To verify the accuracy of the model, large signal disturbances are applied. The matching of results for the switch model and its behavioral model verifies the effectiveness of the proposed model.


Recently mobile robots act in various situations such as disaster areas, office buildings, factories and homes. When these new mobile robots are released, they should be confirmed to work correctly and safety from evaluation. In this paper, we propose large-scale simulation environment of mobile robots on StarBED which is a large-scale networked testbed. By using the simulation environment, we could confirm that four hundreds of mobile robots act in real-time.


Human Articular Cartilage is an avascular structure, which, when injured, has very slow healing capacity as compared to other tissues. Therefore, innovative ideas like tissue engineering have been a promising approach to facilitate regeneration of hyaline-like articular cartilage to avoid continued pain, arthrodesis, or joint arthroplasty. Obtaining appropriate cells for implantation; directing the development of those cells on a chondrogenic pathway using growth factors and/or cytokines; supporting the growing cells on a three-dimensional matrix; and having that matrix remain in the defected cartilage, at least until the cartilage is healed are the key factors for successful tissue engineering. In this respect, nature-derived hydrogel scaffolds have huge potential for cartilage tissue engineering, mimicking the native cellular microenvironment. This project demonstrates that the three-dimensional (3D) scaffold made up of a polysaccharide called gellan gum and collagen peptide can be used for in vitro culture of chondrocytes. The hydrogel of two different compositions were prepared out of which one was gellan gum hydrogel and the other one was collagen peptide crosslinked gellan gum hydrogel to be used as a scaffold. To compare the mechanical properties, swelling tests were performed and FTIR analysis was done to show the composition and crosslinking in the hydrogel. Then, human articular chondrocytes were isolated and encapsulated in each hydrogel and were cultured. Lastly, MTT assay was done to analyze cell viability and proliferation in each hydrogel which showed there was good proliferation of chondrocytes within the hydrogels


In this paper, practical aspects of a newly proposed method based on the aperture impedance measurement for estimation of the shielding effectiveness (SE) of enclosures is discussed in more details. A special de-embedding procedure for this measurement is explained and practically implemented. Then, in order to show the capability of the method, we applied it to a remarkably small dimension enclosure (40 mm × 40 mm × 20 mm) with a rectangular aperture as well as to an enclosure with a triangular shape aperture. These case studies confirm the practicality of the new method for enclosures with extremely small dimension and those with arbitrary shape apertures.


IN former notices' of this important Report, we have exhibited the general scope of the work, and presented some of its interesting details in regard to the physical geography of the great hydrographic basin to which it relates. We propose, in the present article, to examine the hydraulic investigations which occupy the greater portion of its bulk, and for the sake of which the laborious survey, of which it furnishes the history and the results, was originally instituted. We are induced to do this with some particularity, because, in the first place, the report itself is not so generally accessible as could be desired j and because, secondly, its conclusions, though novel and in Rome respects paradoxical, are yet so convincingly established upon the broadest possible basis of experimental proof, as undoubtedly to be destined to revolutionize the whole science of river· hydraulics, if in fact they may not properly be said to have, for the first time, created it. rfhis may be considered strollg language; and, whether regarded as an encomium upon the present work or a disparagement of what has been done in the same department heretofore; it will probably be pronounced extravagant. Lest, however, we should be thought to have spoken too lightly of the labors of former observers or theorists in this department of physical investigation, we eite bere, in justification, the following sketch, by a master hand, of the condition of hydraulic science, theoretical and practical, as it existed sixty years ago; and as, without the slightest substantial improvement, it has continued to exist from that time to the present. The sketch is by the eminent Dr. Robison, of Edinburgh, himself a very felicitous, though not entirely an original, writer upon the same subject. Dr. Robison, after pointing out the extent to which the interests of every civilized people are involved in questions relating to the control and distribution of the running waters of the globe, and the great variety of ways in which we are constantly engaged in endeavoring to secure such control and distribution, proceeds as follows:


Analysis of particle data from the CRIT II experiment, studying Alfven's critical ionization velocity (CIV) effect, shows that the density of newly created ions (presumably Ba+ from the shaped-charge beam) is consistent with the increase in total plasma density measured by the independent RF plasma probe on board (Swenson et al., 1990) at the most active time period. We model this ion production using the measured electron flux data and the neutral barium model of Stenbaek-Nielsen et al. (1990a). To identify the main source mechanisms which may contribute most to the barium ionization, a simple model for barium ion density at the payload location is developed based on Liouville's theorem. We estimate that the electron impact ionization is responsible for 90% of the barium ion production observed by CRIT II in the first release and up to 45% in the second release. By employing a "two-state approximation" calculation (Rapp and Francis, 1962), the Ba-O+ charge exchange cross section is found to range from about 2.0 × 10−17 cm2 at a velocity of 4 km/s to 2.0 × 10−15 cm2 at a velocity of 20 km/s. This result suggests that the Ba-O+ charge exchange is probably dominant among all the non-CIV ionization processes. By considering the charge exchange process in our density model, the barium ion densities are calculated for the two releases on CRIT II. The comparison between the model results and the observed data is found to be reasonably consistent if the cross sections, as calculated above, are multiplied by 0.3 for the first release and 1.0 for the second release. Our result suggests that the charge exchange process could be the most important non-CIV ionization mechanism in the CRIT II experiment and it should be considered carefully case by case in CIV experiments.


This paper invest igates how deforestat ion and land use at different stages of front ier development in the Amazon is related to local, micro-level processes related to farm household lifecycles and livelihood strategies and their linkages to macro-scale processes. This focus contrasts to regional models in which regional levels of deforestat ion are spat ially modelled but adherence to demographic and socioeconomic dynamics at the micro-level is usually low or inexistent. We use data from a colonizat ion area in the municipality of Machadinho, in the Brazilian Amazon. It is a unique dataset in the world since it combines survey information on demographic, socioeconomic and land use data from a panel of farm households since the init ial colonizat ion in the mid-1980 ́s unt il 2010. Combining descript ive stat ist ics with paired t -tests, land use analysis from based-object classificat ion and two modeling approaches repeated measure latent class analysis (RMLCA) and latent t ransit ion analysis (LTA) we are able to understand not only the evolut ion of plots and their farm households along all stages of front ier sett lement (init ial, consolidated and post -front ier), but also ident ify the same nuclear family and households groups over t ime. Thus, we can understand how the evolut ion of socioeconomic and demographic processes interacts with land use strategies to explain the emergence of deforestat ion and land use patterns.


Hemiplegic shoulder pain (HSP) limits stroke survivors' physical function, which in turn impairs their capabilities in participating in activities and compromises their quality of life (QoL). Syste...


The feasibility of using hyperspectral imaging (HSI) technique to measure malondialdehyde (MDA) content in eggplant leaves stressed by grey mold was evaluated in this paper. Hyperspectral images of infected and healthy eggplant leaves were obtained in the spectral region of 380 to 1030 nm, and their spectral reflectance of region of interest (ROI) was extracted by Environment for Visualizing Images (ENVI 4.7) software. Several pre-processing methods were adopted and partial least squares (PLS) models were established to estimate MDA content in eggplant leaves. In order to reduce high dimensionality of spectral data, competitive adaptive re-weighted sampling (CARS) and latent variables (LV) were carried out to identify the most effective wavebands. The result showed that PLS model based on baseline pre-processing had a good performance for prediction set. On the basis of the effective wavelengths suggested by CARS and LV, PLS and multiple linear regression (MLR) models were established, respectively. Among...


Abstract: The current study presents the outcomes of modeling and optimizing extraction of gallotannic acid from Quercus leaves using a microfluidic system. In this study, the effects of various experimental parameters were investigated using the method of design expert. Number of experiments suggested is 31 by central composite design of Design Expert. The experimental results of design expert were analyzed by artificial neural network (ANN). Based on the results of ANN, independent variables experiment: temperature (T), flow rate ratio (FR) and pH have shown a negative effect on extraction yield (dependent variable), while the residence time (RT) has shown a positive effect. In trained network, R2=0.9805${R^2} = 0.9805$ and RMSE = 0.0166 shows good agreement between the predicted values of ANN and experimental results. Optimum extraction conditions, to reach maximum yield by genetic algorithms (GA), were FR = 0.53, RT = 26.4, pH = 2.06 and T = 21.44 R2=0.9805${R^2} = 0.9805$ . The extraction yield under the optimum predicated conditions was 96.4 %, which was well matched with the experimental value 95.01 % ±0.63$\pm 0.63$ . Based on the obtained results, it was found that the ANN model could be employed successfully in estimating the gallotannic acid extraction efficiency using microfluidic extraction method.


Blue line print of survey map of Comal County, Texas, showing rivers, creeks, original land grants or surveys, cities, towns, roads, the old San Antonio Road, and railroads. Handwritten notes have been made of the published map in red ink to denote the addition of Highway 81 and indicated Old San Antonio Road. Scale [ca. 1:177,778] (2000 varas to 3/8 of an inch).


Conclusion. A case of severe rickets is described whieli has been under treatment duiring the greater part of the year 1925. lFrom April to the -beginningr of September the child received cod-liver oil as ani out-p)atient, but with only slight improvement; during the last thlro months of the year he was admitted into lhospital and irradiated chliolesterol was administered, witlh the result that the rickets was cured. Whilst it is clearly impossible to generalize from onie case, the results obtained suggest that this metlhod of treatment is well worth a trial, either alonie or in combiniation witl cod-liver oil, in cases which do niot respond quickly to cod-liver oil. -It is not an expensive mnethod of treat,meat; the amount of clholesterol used weekly represents a eo.st of about 2s. 6d.


The emphasis is placed upon the influence of loading velocity on the bond performance between corroded bar and concrete in this paper.The research shows there are obvious differences about load bearing capacity,damage shape,bond stress distribution,compared with those in stationary conditions,when loading with high velocity.The higher corrosion debases the bond performance while the higher loading velocity increases it and the test demonstrates the irrelevance between corrosion effects and loading rate effects.Based on the test results and the presumption that the damage process of bond zone is Markov process,the bond strength polyfit formula taking into account of the effects of corrosion and loading velocity is proposed.


The introduction of independent helicopter IFR routes at hub airports was investigated in a real time air traffic control system simulation involving a piloted helicopter simulator, computer generated air traffic, and air traffic controllers. The helicopter simulator was equipped to fly area navigation (RNAV) routes and microwave landing system approaches. Problems studied included: (1) pilot acceptance of the approach procedure and tracking accuracy; (2) ATC procedures for handling a mix of helicopter and fixed wing traffic; and (3) utility of the cockpit display of traffic information (CDTI) for the helicopter in the hub airport environment. Results indicate that the helicopter routes were acceptable to the subject pilots and were noninterfering with fixed wing traffic. Merging and spacing maneuvers using CDTI were successfully carried out by the pilots, but controllers had some reservations concerning the acceptability of the CDTI procedures.


In Amami black rats the location of ribosomal 18S+28S rRNA genes is found to be in the centromere region of nos. 8 and 13 chromosomes by the in situ hybridization technique by the use of radioactive complementary rRNA. In the chromosome 3, small silver cluster was rarely observed. This means that the copy numbers of rRNA genes would be extremely fewer in pair no. 3 than those of pair nos. 8 and 13.


The knowledge of the actual current state of the road traffic for the entire road network is a important component of Intelligent Transportation System applications. Identification of traffic state on signalized intersections is the focus of research on urban road network traffic state identification. In this paper, the use of real-time Floating Car Data (FCD), based on traces of global positioning system (GPS) positions, is emerging as a reliable and cost-effective way to gather accurate traffic flow information in a road network. Based on the analysis of traffic flow's moving process on the approach of signalized intersections, the paper puts forward a classification method of traffic state on signalized intersections while the relationship between queue length and the capacity of the approach is under consideration, and the algorithm to identify the real-time traffic state on signalized intersections based on FCD is established at last. To test the effectiveness of this algorithm, a field experiment using FCD was conducted at an intersection in Nanjing. The test results indicate that the proposed method provides very satisfactory accuracy in application.


We describe in this paper a method allowing to order submodels in linear regression. A real function is attached to each submodel, allowing to graphically compare and order them. Our procedure defines an objective function depending on two factors (lack of fit and multicolinearity) with the property that the minimum of this function over subsets of the regressors determines the "best" such subset of variables. The latter will be found by systematically examining all possible subsets having at least two regressors. The method is built in such a way that it allows a graphical inspection of the submodels. Although it is presented here only in the framework of linear regression with a single, continuous, response variable, the procedure may be extended in a natural way to more general regression models. Simulation and implementation on various data sets gave very satisfying results


in English, 250 words or less): There are several applications in the market to manage time and keep track our daily routine activities. On the other hand, there are a lot of systems to ask leisure and cultural public events. This paper shows an application which joins both functionalities. You can use the system as a personal agenda and at the same time, it provides access to public events. Palabras clave (entre 4 y 8): Agenda, colaboración, evento, cultural


Samuel Taylor Coleridge's concept of desynonymization, although it has been said to justify the philological record of usage amassed in dictionaries such as the OED, can only partially explain the late‐stage processes that result in diversity within a language. A stronger conceptual alternative to desynonymization can be found in Wilhelm von Humboldt's reflections on linguistic diversity (Verschiedenheit) in his great essay of 1836. He supposed a criss‐crossing of conformity and freedom to be the key principle at play in divergences not only among languages and peoples but also among individual speakers. The striving of individuals to join thought and utterance results in the modifications of usage and the varying fates of those instances of usage (namely their perpetuation or vanishing through time). The re‐generation of language happens not primarily in the formation of new words or the recovery of old ones, but in daily use, in actions always subject to variation. It is exemplary use that extends the range of a language, not the imposition of a rationally improved vocabulary. The successes or failures of divergent utterance depend upon an ongoing wooing and winning and breaking of agreement about which words to use and understand and do things with.


Gene (microRNA) identification is a key step in understanding the cellular mechanisms. Compared with biological experiments, computational prediction of disease genes is cheaper and more effortless. In this study, we analyzed the properties of tumor-associated microRNA in mouse and found that tumor-associated genes display 8distinguishingfeatures when compared with genes not yet known to be involved in tumor. The features of tumor-associated genes tend to located at network center and interact with each other were found by analyze the network characteristics. In addition, the features of the tumor-associated genes tend to be involved in certain biological processes and show certain phenotypes also were found through enrichment analysis. Based on these features, a machine-learning algorithm SVM were developed to predict new tumor-associated genes in mouse. Using the machine-learning algorithm, 120 tumor-associated genes were predicted with a posterior probability more than 0.9. We verified the accuracy of the identification framework with the data set of tumor-associated genes, and the result shows that this method is feasible.


An exact explicit expression is derived for the Sommerfeld integral describing the surface transverse magnetic field generated by an infinite line source placed on a plane air–earth boundary. The spatial distribution of the transverse magnetic field is given in series form, as a linear combination of exponential functions. The accuracy and convergence rate of the proposed formulation are investigated through numerical simulations.


Layers of fiber glass with outer reflective films of vacuum-deposited aluminum or other reflective metal, provide thermal insulation which conforms to curved surfaces. This insulation has good potential for cryogenic systems.


Considering the disadvantages of the conventional cots, a brainchild of all-inclusive cots with long service life bearings is hatched out.


Being an archipelagic country, the Philippines is surrounded by many bodies of water. Thus, the quality of water must be maintained safe and in compliance to the standards set by their classification and their best usages. Although there are water quality standards established by the government as basis for acceptable values, there is still no standard for assessing water quality index in the country. The objective of this study is to propose a design in assessing water quality indices of effluent to be discharged in Class C fresh surface waters using Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System or ANFIS. The study was able to propose a flexible system that is able to assess the quality index of Class C water effluents based on the assessment of major rivers in the province of Palawan. The system was able to generate 243 fuzzy rules and exhibit a root mean squared error of 0.000778 which gives reasonable prediction features.


For strategic planning under restructured environments, it is essential to assess how consumers respond to the price changes in order to increase the profits of supliers and customers. In this study, a case study based on Iran power system was collected to explore the effect of different factors including proportion of income spent-level (A), consumer academic-level (B), demand-types (C), demand time (D), possibility of postponing demand-level (E), price-level (F), demand-level (G) and awareness of participation benefits-level (H) on price elasticity of electricity demand. To achieve this, an nonlinear-empirical model based on Response Surface Methodology (RSM) is created. The statistical analysis reveals that factor A which represents proportion of income spent-level has the most significant effect on determination of the price elasticity of electricity demand while consumer academic-level (B) factor has the least effect. The results can be utilized as a tool for policy makers in developing an effective electricity pricing schemes.


This appendix summarizes and discusses the findings to date of a case study project examining the contract and procurement processes at nuclear power plants under construction. Section C.1 presents introductory material on the study's purpose and objectives, background and scope, technical approach and study limitations. Section C.2 summarizes project findings, conclusions, and recommendations. Section C.3 examines QA contractual issues in nuclear power plant construction, focusing primarily on insights gained at the sites visited. Section C.4 discusses organizational issues affecting quality assurance in nuclear power plant construction. Section C.5 examines institutional issues and their implications for the course and success of nuclear construction projects. Section C.6 lists references, and a bibliography is provided in Section C.7. C.1.1 Purpose and Objectives This appendix is intended to serve several purposes: 1) to constitute an extended progress report on project activities; 2) to communicate preliminary findings and suggest future directions; and 3) to form the basis for developing NRC staff recommendations regarding a course of action to improve the assurance of quality in nuclear power plant construction projects in response to Congressional directives in the FY 1982-83 Authorization Act. Because of this last purpose, project recommendations are offered, although these are based upon preliminary findings and conclusions. C.1.2 Background and Scope The complexity and extent of problems that have been identified in recent years at some nuclear power plants under construction have raised questions regarding the quality assurance (QA) programs required by the NRC and implemented by NRC licensees. As part of an effort to better understand and address these problems, the NRC initiated a study of the contract and procurement process employed by licensees at nuclear power plants under construction and of the organizational and institutional environments in which such projects are initiated and financed. The purpose of the study is to examine how "quality" responsibilities are delegated, managed and controlled by the licensee in the contract and procurement process. This study is also to determine what improvements may or should be made to the QA programs required by the NRC, based on the review and study of the contract and procurement process and of organizational and institutional arrangements in the nuclear power industry. The C.1


REE and trace metals in some GSJ granitoids reference samples were determined by means of inductively coupled argon plasma/optical emission spectrophotometer (ICP). Samples are dis soluted with a mixed acid solution of H2SO4+HClO4+HNO3+HF. The separation and precon centration of the REE and trace metals from 1g sample, and the conditions of the spectrometry follow Tagiri and Fujinawa's method. REE and trace metal analyses of JG-1 show that the H2SO4 dissolution method is much suitable for REE analyses of granitoids, but not good for Ba, Sc and Zr analyses. Comparing the results of the H2SO4 dissolution method with the non-H2SO4 method, it is concluded that the most important carrier of REE in granitoids and pelitic gneisses is REE minerals, such as monazite and xenotime. More than 50% of REE in granitoids is generally contained in REE minerals.


In the case of structural analysis for building structures, the super-structure and the sub-structure are analyzed by using separate structural models in the field because of time saving, facile result interpretation and easy analysis of dynamic behavior. However this separate structural model violated the compatibility condition of structural analysis and it can not consider the interaction of superand sub- structures. In the present study, the analysis results of this separate model were compared to those of the unified model of super- and sub- structures which can consider the interaction of super- and sub- structures and reflect the realistic boundary conditions. According to the comparison results, the the analysis model using separate models can underestimate the member force and deflection of structural members in the super-structures and overestimate the deflection and member force of sub-structures. Therefore, in the case of high-rise buildings, irregular shaped buildings, buildings which are expected to be affected by large differential settlement and remodeling buildings, the unified structural model for super- and sub- structures was recommended for structural analysis instead of the separate structural model.


This article uses human trafficking in Belgium to test a newly developed framework for assessing the harms of crime that has been applied previously to cocaine trafficking in the same country. We chose this criminal activity because of its policy relevance and to address apparent needs for systematic, evidence-based analysis. The framework uses quantitative and qualitative evidence to assess harms to individuals, private-sector entities, and others and to establish crime control priorities. The assessment process models the activity, evaluates the severity and incidence of harms, ranks priorities, and considers causality. We highlight three findings. First, trafficking victims can experience catastrophic harms, but the overall dimensions of human trafficking in Belgium appear to be modest. Second, the evidence suggests significant recent declines in the degree of exploitation and use of violence. Third, most harms to individual victims result directly from the activity, which sets it apart from other forms of trafficking.


As part of her placement with Health Issues Centre, Janalee Pilcher, a student studying Health Information Management and Health Sciences at the School of Public Health, La Trobe University, conducted a number of interviews with people about their experiences of being a consumer representative. These interviews will be published in future editions of Health Issues journal starting with an interview with Veronica Gribble.


Chapter 1 Introduction Chapter 2 High and Low: The Cultural Field in Europe and Latin America Chapter 3 The Cronica: A Hybrid Genre from the Contact Zone Chapter 4 The City in Fragments Chapter 5 Writing the City Chapter 6 Emiliano Perez Cruz: The Cronica as a Testimony of Collective Life in a Peripheral Community of Mexico City Chapter 7 The City Behind its Mask: The Vision of Guayaquil in Jorge Martillo's Cronicas Chapter 8 Reading Cronicas Chapter 9 Conclusion


The purpose of the present invention is to not only provide engaging elements for a hook-and-loop fastener on the outer surface of a fastener body that is roughly U-shaped in front view but also to make it possible to easily attach and detach an object to be attached on the inner surface of the fastener body. The fastener (1) is provided with: a fastener body (2) that is roughly U-shaped in front view; at least one engaging element (6) protruding from the outer surface of the fastener body (2), the outer surface being roughly U-shaped in front view; and inner male element groups (4) for a hook-and loop fastener that is obtained from multiple male elements (6) protruding from the inner surface, which is roughly U-shaped in front view. The fastener body (2) is integrally molded with the inner male element groups (4). The front and back surfaces of an object (8) that is to be attached are provided with female element groups (9a) for hook-and-loop fasteners that are obtained from multiple female elements (9). The fastener (1) is installed so as to pinch the front and back surfaces of the end of the object (8) to be attached and is connected by engaging the inner male element groups (4) with the female element groups (9a) of the object (8) to be attached.


Two experiments were conducted in the Experimental Station of Campinas, Instituto Agronomico, State of Sao Paulo, Brazil, in 1983, under greenhouse conditions, in order to evaluate and select efficient corn (Zea mays L.) inbred lines in the uptake and use of potassium in nutrient solution. In a first trial, six lines were grow n with 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 mg K/liter, up to thirty four days of age, with the objective of determining the adequate K level for plant growth differentiation. In a second trial, thirty seven inbred lines were grown with 20 mg K/liter up to twenty five days of age. Both experiments were arranged in randomized complete blocks with four replications, in 2.8 liter pots with two plants per pot. The nutrient solutions were continuously aerated, without renewing, and plants were allowed to grow till K deficiency symptoms appeared in the lower leaves. Variations among lines were observed for shoot and root dry weights, for total K contents and dry matter produced per unit K absorbed (efficiency ratios). Larger variations among root systems (CV of means = 38.9%) than shoots (CV of means = 28.5%) were observed. Genotypes were ranked and classified, according to the total dry matter yields, in efficient, intermediate and inefficient plants. Variations in total K contents (CV of means = 9.0%) and in efficiency ratios (CV of means = 23.0%) showed high correlation with the total dry weights (r = 0.92 and 0.99, respectively). Both K uptake and K use mechanisms seemed to be involved, but the larger variations among efficiency ratios indicated that the K utilization process was the main factor limiting plant growth.


The Diefenbaker Centre in Saskatoon is in the final stages of producing a detailed computer-assisted index and finding aid to its collection of John Diefenbaker's speeches, both manuscript and recorded. The project, begun in 1984, has involved a substantial amount of planning and organization and has been beset by numerous problems. In the relatively new field of computer indexing in archives, every project will proceed by trial and error to some extent, but it is also necessary to learn from the mistakes of others while trying to avoid repeating them. An account of the Centre's experiences with the project may prove useful to other small institutions involved in organizing both audiovisual holdings and computer-assisted indexing projects.


The general applicability of the "cysteineswitch" activation mechanism to the members of the matrix metalloproteinase (M1"P) gene family is examined here. AU currently known members of the MMP gene family share the characteristic that they are synthesized in a latent, inactive, form. Recent evidence suggests that this latency in human fibroblast collagenase (HFC) is the result of formation of an intramolecular complex between the single cysteine residue in its propeptide domain and the essential zinc atom in the catalytic domain, a complex that blocks the active site. Latent HFC can be activated by multiple means, all of which effect the dissociation of the cysteine residue from the complex. This is referred to as the "cysteine-switch" mechanism of activation. The propeptide domain that contains the critical cysteine residue and the catalytic domain that contains the zinc-binding site are the only two domains common to all of the MMPs. The amino acid sequences surrounding both the critical cysteine residue and a region of the protein chains containing two of the putative histidine zinc-binding ligands are highly conserved in all of the MMPs. A survey of the literature shows that many of the individual MMPs can be activated by the multiple means observed for latent HFC. These observations support the view that the cysteine-switch mechanism is applicable to all members of this gene family. This mechanism is unprecedented in enzymology as far as we know and offers the opportunity for multiple modes of physiological activation of these important enzymes. Since conditions in different cells and tissues may match those necessary to effect one of these activation modes for a given MMP, this may offer metabolic flexibility in the control of MMP activation. The matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of enzymes secreted by resident and inflammatory cells that are collectively capable of degrading most or all of the constituent macromolecules of the extracellular matrix (1, 2). Although the conserved domains ofthe MMPs are homologous, these enzymes exhibit considerable diversity in their domain structures and protein substrate specificities. In spite of this diversity, the MMPs share several key characteristics. First, all members of this family are believed to be zinc proteinases (3-6). Second, all of the MMPs are inhibited by tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase, ubiquitous natural inhibitors which form inactive 1:1 complexes with these enzymes. Third, the MMPs are secreted in a latent form and activated in situ by physiological mechanisms that remain to be clarified. In view of the critical role that these enzymes play in the catabolism of both the collagenous and noncollagenous components ofthe extracellular matrix, it is essential that the mechanisms of activation of these MMPs be understood. The latent form of MMPs can be activated by a variety of seemingly disparate means (refs. 7 and 8, and references cited therein). Examples of these activation methods include treatment with proteases (9); conformational perturbants such as sodium dodecyl sulfate (10) and NaSCN (11); heavy metals such as Au(I) compounds (12), Hg(II) (13), and organomercurials (14); oxidants such as NaOCl (15); disulfide compounds such as oxidized glutathione (16); and sulfhydrylalkylating agents such as N-ethylmaleimide (NEM) (13). There have also been numerous reports of spontaneous autoactivation (17). In a recent study of the activation of latent human fibroblast collagenase (HFC), we related the underlying basis for activation by all of these treatments to the disposition of the Cys73 residue in the propeptide domain (8). This residue is not freely accessible in the latent enzyme, but it is exposed or modified by the activation treatments. It was proposed that Cys73 of the latent enzyme is coordinated to the active-site zinc atom in a fashion that blocks the active site. All modes ofactivation lead to dissociation ofCys73 from the zinc atom with concomitant exposure of the active site. Accordingly, when Cys73 is "on" the zinc, the activity of the enzyme is "off." Thus, the dissociation of Cys73 from the zinc atom is viewed as the "switch" that leads to activation. In this report, the applicability of this "cysteine-switch" mechanism to the regulation of the entire MMP family is


An alarming device for dry pot prevention comprises a shell, an alarm, a warning light and a battery, wherein a shell main body is in a tubular structure, the top end of the shell is in a hook-shaped structure, the alarm, the warning light and the battery are installed in the shell, and two metal contacts are arranged on a bottom opening of the shell, are connected with the alarm in parallel and then form a circuit with the warning light and the battery. The alarming device for dry pot prevention has the advantages of reasonability in design, convenience in use, safety, reliability and the like.


3 Introduction 4 Literature Review and Research Questions 5 Sponsorship and Sports Sponsoring 5 Children Cognitive and Social Development 7 Sponsorship and Brands' influence on children eating habits 8 Research Questions 10 Methodology 11 Legal and Ethical Issues 11 Sample 11 Research Design 12 Procedure 14 Measures 15 Results 17 Knowledge and Attitudes towards the Brand and the Product 18 Behaviour 20 Attitudes towards Healthy Eating 20 Understanding the Persuasive Intent 21 Discussion and Implications 23 Knowledge and Attitudes towards the Brand and the Product 23 Behaviour 24 Attitudes towards Healthy Eating 25 Understanding the Persuasive Intent 26 Limitations and Future Research 27 References 28


The aim of this paper is to show a case of a patient with a transversal deficience of maxillae treated to make rehabilitation in the anterior area. The diagnosis of dentofacial deformities was realized using routine studies incorporating image and clinical analysis to observe the bilateral posterior crossbite and abnormal position in tooth 11 and 21; the 11 showed alterations in bone and teeth with no possibilities to make the prosthetic treatment making the dental extraction. Later, was realized the installation of the implant and the rehabilitation with fixed prosthesis. Is discussed the treatment and the options used in the approach. Was concluded that the integration of diagnosis dental, skeletal and facial could make an adequate therapy in complex cases.


Summary • Both clinical eff ectiveness and patient experience are key domains of health care quality. It is important to recognise the relationship between the two domains; considering them together is an eff ective way for general practices to understand the quality of care they are providing and identify areas for improvement.


Naturally found in soil and water environments arsenic is toxic to many organisms, carcinogenic to humans, and poses a significant public health risk. Yet communities of bacteria found thriving in arsenic ridden environments have evolved mechanisms to tolerate and exploit both oxidation states of this heavy metal (arsenite and arsenate). As the site of an old arsenic mine, Black Mountain Open Space Park in San Diego, California has yielded concentrations of arsenic in the soil between 111-14,800 ppm. Exceeding average arsenic soil concentrations and levels considered safe in the environment by the World Health Organization, we sought to characterize the phylogenetic diversity and mechanisms of arsenic resistance within the bacterial community living in the soils of the old mine site. 28 unique species of bacteria were isolated and characterized through a minimum inhibitory concentration experiment that assessed the level of bacterial arsenic resistance and a silver nitrate assay that examined the ability for the bacterial species to transform arsenic between its two naturally occurring oxidation states. Based on the results of these experiments, we found a highly diverse community of bacteria with eight species that also had arsenate reducing capabilities.


The current pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has led to a massive change in every aspect of our lives. It has grossly affected the healthcare system, business and world trade, disruption of movement and supply of essential goods and has crippled the global economy. Although few vaccines have been approved for the control of disease, targeted therapy options for this virulent disease still remain limited and elusive. Exhaustive search for potent therapeutic candidate is in progress, for which herbal armory are also being explored. Medicinal plants and their products play a vital role in alleviating various diseases and have been reported to exhibit a wide range of biological activities. Plant-based drugs with antiviral, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulotry activities were hypothetically considered as potential drugs to prevent and mitigate the prevailing situation caused by SARS-CoV-2. Arq Ajīb 'a Unani formulation' presents compelling approach in treating numerous diseases. The ingredients of Arq Ajīb and their phytocompounds have been reported for wide-ranging pharmaco-biological activities including antiviral, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulotry, anti-allergic, antitussive and bronchodilatory activities. Scientific data available on the formulation ingredients and their phytocompounds indicates that the formulation may have a significant role in augmenting the immune status of individual, protecting them from infection and providing symptomatic relief to patients affected with COVID-19. Hence, it may be considered as a potential drug for the development of novel therapeutic candidate for SARS-CoV-2 infection. This multi-faceted review highlights the therapeutic significance and pharmacological actions of Arq Ajīb and its ingredients to demonstrate the plausible role of the formulation in combating COVID-19.
Keywords: Arq Ajīb, COVID-19, Pudina, Ajwain, Camphor, Unani formulation


This paper implements the innovative theory that mental processes discriminate present from past social and physical environments for an example of charitable donation. The theory specifies designs for questionnaires that measure individuals' mechanisms of perception, emotion and decision in particular circumstances. The example illustrated here was helpfulness in response to an appeal for donations towards a wheelchair. Eight vignettes of that scenario orthogonally varied degree of immobility, price of wheelchair, and availability or not of a charity's grant towards the purchase. The cost of the wheelchair was generally the greatest influence on the decision to donate. The described disability and the (lack of) a subsidy had minor effects. These reasons for helping had a greater influence than emotional involvement. Experimental analysis of common helpful acts opens the practical prospect of cross-situational psychometrics of altruistic thoughts and feelings.


Empirical economists using flexible functional forms often face the disturbing choice of drawing inferences from an approximation violating properties dictated by theory or imposing global restrictions that greatly restrict the flexibility of the functional form. Focusing on the cost function, this paper presents an alternative approach which imposes monotonicity and concavity properties only over the set of prices where inferences will be drawn. An application investigating elasticities for Berndt-Wood data set using the translog, generalized Leontief, and symmetric generalized McFadden flexible functional forms illustrates the technique. Copyright 1996 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


In the paper,the math model of EHPS was built firstly,then in the Simulink module of Matlab software,the simulation on 4DOF vehicle model combined with EHPS was done.The influences of many parameters on automobile handing stability were analyzed,this paper posts a inherent relation between steering characteristic and speed,angular step input speed.


s of Oral Papers not published in the Supplement Linking models of animal behaviour and habitat management: Atlantic salmon parr and river discharge Understanding preferences of animals is of fundamental importance for modelling habitat quality and quantity. Important theoretical developments, for example using ideal free and ideal despotic distributions (IDD), have enabled biologists to build conceptual frameworks for relating habitat preferences of individual animals to distributions and dynamics of populations. At the same time, managers of natural resources have established predictive empirical models as a basis for understanding habitat quality. For example, the Physical Habitat Simulation model (PHABSIM) has been widely applied for managing river flows. The aim of this study was to conduct experiments, using Atlantic salmon parr, to test whether observed population distributions could be predicted using simple behaviour theory and PHABSIM. We show that predictions from PHABSIM depend crucially on population density, discharge and the interaction between density and discharge at the time when the model is parameterized. These findings can, in part, be explained by consideration and application of the IDD. However, the results of the experiments also suggest that models derived from first behavioural principles may need to be unexpectedly complex and species-specific if they are to capture the population response to variations in water discharge effectively. Armstrong, J. D., Holm, C. F., Kemp, P. S. & Gilvear, D. J. (Fisheries Research Services, Freshwater Laboratory, Faskally, Pitlochry, Perthshire PH16 5LB, U.K.; Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, U.K.). Fish cognition: what can we learn, and what do they need to learn? Fish provide a wonderful opportunity to explore processes that shape and select cognitive ability. In this presentation, I will illustrate three aspects of work that my colleagues and I have used to investigate fish learning and memory over the last decade. First, I will discuss how comparing different populations sampled from contrasting habitats allows differences in cognitive ability to be related to the evolutionary ecology of the fish. I will use examples that have investigated how differences in learning ability between populations of the same species can arise. Here, the examples will be taken from the ubiquitous three-spined stickleback, and a Panamanian poecilid, Brachyraphis. The second approach has used fish cognition as a tool to quantify behaviour to enable assessment of different aspects of fish welfare. For example, the recent work investigating pain perception in trout required the use of a learning task to quantify how fish behaviour was modified after noxious stimulation. Ways in which these, and similar, processes can be used in future studies of fish welfare will be discussed. The final part of the presentation will consider recent work that addresses the problems of releasing hatchery-reared fish for restocking purposes. Although a common practice, most of the hatchery-reared fish die shortly after they are released. Much of the observed mortality apparently stems from the fishes' inexperience with a variable environment. Experiments with juvenile cod and brown trout suggest that both age, and the early rearing environment, have profound effects on fish learning and behaviour. I will discuss Journal of Fish Biology (2003) 63 (SupplementA), 226–245 doi:10.1046/j.1095-8649.2003.00216.x,availableonlineathttp://www.blackwell-synergy.com


The issues of the development, calibration and putting into operation of a diode laser spectrometer for high-precision measurements are considered. The tests rely on the use of an isolated P20 line of the 00031 – 00001 band of the 12C16O2 molecule. The spectrometer error budget is analysed. A software programme for the approximation of a spectral line contour is designed and the procedure is analysed. It is shown that, for a baseline with a relative level of 2.3 × 10−5, it is optimal to use no more than six fitting parameters in the line contour approximation. The measured integral intensity of the analytical line constitutes 5.3865(85) × 10−23 cm per molecule.


This paper is the first contribution to a reexamination of Hordeum vulgare (sensu lato). It sets forth and defines the characters which formed the basis of our studies, and reports the results of our morphometric analyses of the morph H. spontaneum C. Koch. An evaluation of previous taxonomic treatments of infraspecific variation was carried out. Aberg's (1940. Symb. Bot. Upsal. 4(2): 1–156) varieties are rejected on the basis of inadequate criteria. Nabelek's (1929. Wiss. Arch. Landwirtsch. Abt. A, 1: 804–807) varieties, though well-defined, are not supported by the results of our discriminant analyses. It is concluded that, although the spontaneum morph is highly variable, it does not lend itself to the recognition of infraspecific segregates.


Blended learning environment provide an important platform for university student learning. The use of text data, generated from the asynchronous forum to explore students' intrinsic aspects of user posts in such communities, is critical for adjusting teaching strategies. Therefore, information about their interest and flow indicators has become important for educators to host online discussions. Flow experience is a sense of immersive and feeling enjoyable and can reflect a person's inner feelings. In order to explore the influence of learning interest and flow on the learning outcome, our study uses temporal emotion-aspect model (TEAM) to mine student interest hidden in forum text data, and simultaneously uses a flow scale to measure the flow state of students during their learning process. The results show that: 1) Interest topics unrelated to teaching content are negatively related to learning outcomes. 2) Interest topics related to teaching content will provoke students' ability to balance their skills and challenges, but have a negative effect on autotelic experience in the flow experience. Interest topics related to entertainment have a negative effect on students' skills to meet the challenge, concentration and autotelic experience in discussion-based learning. Students may tend to lose selfconsciousness in the entertainment-centric discussion. 3) There influence factors between flow and learning outcomes are loss of self-consciousness and concentration.


Chen and Ruan's orbifold cohomology of the symmetric product of a complex manifold is calculated. An isomorphism of rings (up to a change of signs) H∗ orb(X /Sn;C) ∼= H∗(X ;C) between the orbifold cohomology of the symmetric product of a smooth projective surface with trivial canonical class X and the cohomology of its Hilbert scheme X [n] is obtained, yielding a positive answer to a conjecture of Ruan.


Few studies are available on evapotranspiration and crop-water relationships of rice in the tropical dry season. We measured evapotranspiration, leaf water potential, stomatal resistance and attendant micrometeorological parameters in an irrigated rice crop during the 1979 dry season. A wind barrier of 50% porosity was used to vary primary meteorological parameters. Diurnal changes in crop water status provided a characterization of the dynamic nature of evapotranspiration, water potential in the crop and stomatal behavior. Modification of vapor pressure deficit (saturation deficit) and wind speed over the canopy by the wind barrier resulted in a 20% decrease in daily evapotranspiration.Estimations of actual evapotranspiration (Ec) rates based on micrometeorological measurements and a generalized combination formula agreed well with measured evapotranspiration (ET). The concurrence of Ec with ET values and their relation to potential evapotranspiration (E0) indicate a significant crop resistance in these tropical dry season conditions, i.e., Ec (ET)=0.82E0. A significant downward heat flux illustrated the importance of sensible heat in this season. Measurements on five dates throughout the crop season showed that ET is approximately 1.5 times equivalent net radiation.


We developed a two-dimensional gratings-based X-ray interferometer that requires only a single exposure for clinical radiography. The interferometer consisted of a checkerboard phase grating for π phase modulation and a latticed amplitude grating. Using a synchrotron radiation source, the phase grating modulates the X-rays and generates a self-image, transformed to a moire fringe by the amplitude grating. To allow use of a conventional X-ray tube, the latticed source grating was installed downstream from the X-ray tube. Differential phase-contrast and scattering images in two orthogonal directions were obtained by Fourier analysis of the single moire fringe image and an absorption image. Results show that characteristic features of soft tissue in two orthogonal directions were clearly shown in the differential phase-contrast images.


Precise estimation of vehicle mass and road grade are crucial issues in longitudinal control of automotives, such as drivability, traction, or cruise control. Since these two parameters are not governed by any physical rules, some methods such as Kalman filter and observer are inefficient for good estimates. In this paper, a recursive least square method using multiple forgetting factors is implemented to the longitudinal vehicle dynamics for fast online estimation of time-varying parameters, vehicle mass and road grade. Efficacy of the estimation method is substantiated from the experimental simulation in the view of robustness under the uncertainty.


A new method for studying the charge states of a defect occupying an interstitial position in the silicon crystal lattice is proposed. The method is based on the similarity of the parameters of centers whose wave function is formed mainly from the valence band states. It is proposed that managanese impurity ions occupying interstitial positions in the silicon crystal lattice could be used as spin markers


During the creating period of the Book of Songs,the pragmatics system went through an evolutionary and complicated process.Compared with the speech acts of sacrificial system in the Yin and Zhou Dynasty,linguistic advancement in the creating period of the Book of Songs was greatly developed.It initiated the primary cognition of the speech theory in the evolution of the verse and music,and established the cautious notion of speech which standarized the speech activities from the exterior.What's more,the connotation of the rules of etiquette in the cautious notion of speech restricted the value direction of the cognitive speech theory in the late Zhou Dynasty.


In this paper,the classical trajectories of a diatomic macular N2 in strong laser field are calculated by symplectic scheme,which makes the results believed by others.By research of N2 in strong laser field,the characters of same nucleus diatomic molecular in extreme condition are found.


For deuteron electroweak disintegration, parity violating eeects are investigated which arise from the interference of and Z exchange as well as from the hadronic sector via a small parity violating component in the deuteron. The general formalism for the diierential cross section and polarization ob-servables of electromagnetic deuteron disintegration is extended to incorporate parity violating contributions. Formal expressions for the additional structure functions are derived. Results are presented for these parity violating structure functions for quasifree kinematics neglecting nal state interaction and two-body eeects. Both types of parity violating contributions to the asymmetry of the inclusive reaction with respect to longitudinally polarized electrons are evaluated. The one from parity violating deuteron components is negligible over the whole range of momentum transfers considered.


formants were selected for a particular phase of the research (that of identifying the poorest and wealthiest communities of the county) with the hope that from detailed presentation of a specific case, some general principles of use can be drawn. In this article we shall define what we mean by the technique, and then analyze its use in gathering data. This will be followed by a section on the kinds of data we hoped to discover through the use of the technique. Our research design will then be outlined and the reasons for deviating from the original design will be explored. Finally, the manner in which the operation was carried out will be described. The procedures for the analysis of the data as well as the results are not pertinent to this paper and are therefore omitted from it, but they can be found elsewhere (Tremblay 1955). THE KEY INFORMANT TECHNIQUE 1. Definition of terms. As used here, the term "key informant" has a more delimited definition than is usual. In traditional anthropological field research, key informants are used primarily as a source of information on a variety of topics, such as kinship and family organization, economic system, political structure, and religious beliefs and practices. In brief, they are interviewed intensively over an extensive period of time for the purpose of providing a relatively complete ethnographical description of the social and cultural patterns of their group. In that particular fashion, a few informants are interviewed3 with the aim of securing the total patterning of a culture. The technique is preeminently suited to the gathering of the kinds of qualitative and descriptive data that are difficult or time-consuming to unearth through structured datagathering techniques such as questionnaire surveys.


The response, in Brazil and Portugal, to recently published editions of the novels The Sleepwalkers and The Death of Vergil by Hermann Broch shows a growing interest in, or perhaps a rather late response to, the author. One might wonder what events have been shaping the history of his literary presence in the Portuguese speaking world. This paper takes an unprecedented look at how Broch's fictional and theoretical works have been received, in Portuguese, from the 1950s to the present day and provides a framework of main events - inclusions in the literary historiography, translations, theoretical and artistic utilizations. The objective is to expand the map of Broch's readings and to offer references which might promote further discussions and advance the research on the author and his work.


The existence of scatterers in Titan's atmosphere was demonstrated in a paper published in the Astrophysical Journal three years ago. This conclusion was not affected by recent laboratory investigations showing that certain CH4 bands are independent of pressure because it was shown that the reflecting layer model failed to explain Titan's CH4 absorptions regardless on which portion of the curve of growth Titan's CH4 lines lie. Saturn's atmosphere was utilized along the central meridian for studies of CH4 absorption, and to show that the conclusion is insensitive to the moderate scattering there. The quite pronounced role of scattering in Titan's atmosphere strongly suggests that Titan's surface is obscured.


The study is an exploration of the processes of racial integration within a school. The purpose of the study is twofold: 1. To understand the pattern, extent and nature of racial integration between learners in the classroom and on the playgrounds. 2. To determine whether there are any barriers that prevent the interaction of learners ofdifferent races . The school that was selected to participate in the research wasan ex-House ofDelegate's secondary school in KwaDuguza in the province of KwaZulu-Natal. The participants in the study were the principal, two deputy principals, two level one educators and two focus groups of African and Indian learners. Each focus group was made up of six learners, two males and four females . They were representative of the gender and racial composition of the school. The research was a case study that used various qualitative methods of data collection. A questionnaire was administered to a selected sample of educators and learners to determine attitudes and perceptions of racial integration. These were followed up by semi-structured interviews that allowed the researcher to probe deeper into issues raised in the questionnaire. A week's observation schedule oflearners in a classroom and the learners on the playground was conducted. This was followed by a review of school documents. The varied methods of data collection revealed that positive racial integration is not taking place in the school. Although the educators and the learners are aware of the need for a fundamental change in the policies, organization and curriculum of the school they are unsure of how these changes need to be effected and what the nature of the change should be. In the absence ofany concrete directions from the Education Department, an 'adds on' approach to integration is used . The result of such an approach is the polarization oflearners along racial lines. The study concludes with recommendations for educators and the Department ofEducation.


In this paper we investigate the relation between polynomial reduction and the coordination model LO. In particular, we give an algebraic semantics of such language mapping objects into 0. The practical outcome that we expect from this theoretical eeort is the deenition of a framework for statically analyzing and reasoning about LO and Gamma programs. We deene an evolving state as a set of agents shared by some external application and observe that such objects can be described as a reduction ring 22, 55]. These rings enjoy interesting rewriting properties and allow us to develop a semantic interpretations in it. The aim of this approach is to characterize the computations of an open system by the use of a method taking in considerations the natural symbolic features representing the living agents. This approach could help in reasoning about the diierent kinds of agent evolutions such as termination, creation and transformation, in terms of computational algebra.


This workshop1 aims to provide insight in and research collaboratively with the participants how Hannah Arendt's philosophy can contribute to the discussion about `Participatory Design and Democracy'. The Workshop addresses and discusses how Arendt's understanding of democracy in her book The Human Condition [1] can support design research in questioning if and how far PD is currently regenerating the democratic discourse in local and international contexts. The workshop is framed in the context of the DESIS Philosophy Talks [2], an initiative of DESIS Network [3] _in collaboration with the Design and Democracy Platform [4]. These talks address practical issues and topics that emerge from action-based design research by using the lenses of philosophy, and exploring how the result of these discussions can add meaningful value to design research as such.


Adding an anticholinergic medication to an alpha-blocker does not appear to improve ureteral stent-related discomfort compared to monotherapy with an alpha-blocker alone, according to research presented by investigators from the University of Wisconsin, Madison.


The geographical range of the american dog tick, Dermacentor variabilis (Say, 1821), in Canada is expanding northwards into areas where ticks experience colder temperatures during winter. Understanding the ability of D. variabilis to cope with freezing temperatures is important for determining what limits the distributional range of this species. In this study, the supercooling point (SCP = the sub-zero temperature at which freezing occurs) was measured for 318 laboratory-reared D. variabilis individuals (109 nymphs and 209 adults). These ticks were reared from questing adult ticks collected from an area adjacent to Blackstrap Provincial Park in Saskatchewan, Canada. The results showed that there was no relationship between the SCP and body weight of adult ticks, and no difference in the SCP of female and male ticks. However, the mean SCP of nymphs (-23.6°C) was significantly lower than that of adults (-21.6°C). The biological significance of this finding needs to be explored further given that D. variabilis larvae and adults are the primary overwintering stages at northern latitudes.


This research work has been carried out in order to propose strategies to improve and strengthen the quality of service provided by commercial stores Oechsle and Saga Falabella Trujillo's district looking for the best customer satisfaction.
The research question posed is: What is the level of customer´s satisfaction regarding the quality of service provided by the Oechsle departments company compared to the Saga Falabella departments company from Trujillo District?, With the hypothesis: customers are more satisfied about the quality of service that provides by the Saga Falabella departments company compared to Oechsle departments company from Trujillo´s district; independent variable defining the quality of service and satisfaction dependent variable the service.
The study population was made up of 15,000 customers of the companies Saga Falabella and Oechsle from the city of Trujillo who meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria, from which it was defined sample of 379 customers by the probabilistic sampling method.
We used descriptive comparative research design and the following methods: logical-inductive, hypothetico-deductive, analytic-synthetic and statistician, and applied the following research techniques: the survey and documentary analysis.
Among the results we met that the significant difference between the two commercial stores is given in four components: product, courtesy, responsiveness and security.
With the implementation of some service quality strategies, it would boost the recognition of brands, implementing continuity programs, among others, allowing loyalty and customer fidelity that will allow increase its market share and profitability.


In the field of Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM) solutions are required for the simulation of entire production environments including all hardware and software components inside an installation. In this regard, the so-called Digital Plant became more and more important. Several tools based on simulation techniques exist which support the developing of new production automation solutions and factories. In contrast to this, we introduce an innovative approach to realize the Digital Plant. Rest upon 3D graphical simulation we are able to process enlarged simulation models using distributed computing of the complex environment. The flexibility of the evolved interface between simulator's instances facilitates the coupling of other simulation tools to our system. Adapted from the identical interface we connect real controller systems to the partitions to simulate production control. The integration of the different software components extends the use of manufacturing simulation. In this article, we focus on distributing and simulating complex models to establish the base of the Digital Plant.


Objective
To investigate lung injury caused by intestinal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) in rats.

Methods
Thirty SD rats were divided into three groups (n=10 each): Blank group, sham group and I/R group. At the end of the experiment, blood, intestinal tissues and lung tissues were obtained for analysis.

Results
The intestinal villi structures were normal in blank and sham group. In I/R group, the mucosa were swelling, atrophied. Bacteria translocation rate in the I/R group was 40%. HMGB1, endotoxin, D-lactate, and DAO in the serum were significantly higher in I/R group (P<0.05). Serum IL-6, IL-1β, sICAM-1 and TNF-α, were significantly elevated in the I/R group (P<0.05). Plasma individually free amino acids and glutamine decreased in I/R group (P<0.05). In I/R group bronchial walls thickened with lymphocytes infiltration, alveolar epithelium damage, pneumonedema and hemorrhage. The average cell apoptosis of type Ⅱ alveolar epithelium were (14±15), (19±15) and (134±104) in the blank, sham and I/R group (P<0.05). MPO levels in lung tissue in I/R group increased (P<0.05). NO, NOS and iNOS level in I/R group were higher than that in the blank and sham group (P<0.05).

Conclusions
In intestinal ischemia/reperfusion, bacteria translocation increased. Serum level of endotoxin, inflammatory factors elevated causing lung injury demonstrated by the alveolar structure changes, apoptosis of lung epithelium cells.

Key words:
Reperfusion injury; Lung injury; Bacterial translocation; Chemokines; Apoptosis


In the first part of this paper we show that a set $E$ has locally finite $s$-perimeter if and only if it can be approximated in an appropriate sense by smooth open sets. In the second part we prove some elementary properties of local and global $s$-minimal sets, such as existence and compactness. We also compare the two notions of minimizer (i.e. local and global), showing that in bounded open sets with Lipschitz boundary they coincide. However, in general this is not true in unbounded open sets, where a global $s$-minimal set may fail to exist (we provide an example in the case of a cylinder $\Omega\times\mathbb{R}$).


t design process for masonry stone veneers typically involves a series of iterations focused primarily in the selection of the color, shape, and texture of a particular stone type. In addition to aesthetics of the façade, another important condition that is frequently overlooked is the evaluation of the long-term durability characteristics of masonry stone material, as well as its strength characteristics. Moreover, the use of thin stone veneers in exterior wall cladding can result in types of failures in the stone cladding that do not occur in the thicker stone walls. This condition occurs because the use of thin stone cladding places greater reliance on design and on the physical long-term properties of the stone than on the successful performance of the veneers, and failures often occur whenever the design, the construction, and/or the stone material of the veneer system is inadequate. The importance of considering the durability of building stones is becoming widely recognized by building owners. The restoration of stone veneers involves an additional appreciable financial burden to owners; and in many situations, the façade deterioration conditions can endanger public safety.


This article reports the results of a comparative empirical legal study that analyzed (1) strategic behaviour by actors in insolvencies that is salient to insolvency judges and (2) how insolvency judges respond to such behaviour. After examining four different European countries, namely Italy, the Netherlands, Poland, and Portugal, the study reveals how differences regarding case allocation, judge – insolvency practitioner (IP) interaction, and remuneration and case financing can result in strategic behaviour on both the side of the judges and the IPs. From this, it follows that improving the efficiency and effectiveness is not merely a matter of implementing legislation and case law, but that it also requires a look into the dynamics between insolvency judges, IPs, and other actors in the insolvency process.


A tissue extract derived from bovine spleen which is an immunosuppressor in vivo inhibits the incorporation of the two DNA pyrimidine nucleosides but does not inhibit the incorporation of purine nucleosides. the results indicate that the immunosuppressive action of the spleen extract is not mediated via inhibition of cell division.


The Palace Museum is not only comprehensive but also the largest museum of ancient Chinese culture and art. The Palace Museum brand is a cultural and creative brand derived from the landmark buildings of the Palace Museum through publicity and transformation in the new media era. The cultural and creative brand refers to the value transformation and empowerment of products by relying on personal wisdom and modern scientific and technological means this research seek to analyze the connection between consumers' impression of the Palace Museum brand and brand loyalty in the new media background of Z era. This analysis concluded that the Palace Museum brand should not be over-commercialized or influenced by the fast-selling atmosphere of the Z era to reduce the actual value of the brand. As a state-supported transformation brand, the Palace Museum brand had a rich cultural value base and production resource support, but it abused brand IP to produce low-quality products due to the atmosphere of the times, resulting in a decline in brand image and loyalty. Therefore, in this context, due to the negative impression brought by the sub-brand and the strong internal and external competitive factors, the brand's image positioning has deviated, the value is reduced, and the brand loyalty is reduced. This paper uses SWOT analysis to split the overall factors of the Palace Museum brand to find solutions.


Sociotechnical researchers have recently begun studying people with rare diseases. There is potential for impact if data can be anonymized and shared so additional research can take place. However, this data also presents a high risk of re-identification because of the rarity of the diseases. Using existing research on data protection techniques, we generate an anonymized version of a rare disease data set and explore the utility of this data in replicating existing rare disease research. We also explore the utility of this data for seven additional use cases generated by other researchers. We find the loss of utility varies depending on the use case, analysis method, and evaluation metrics.


We describe and illustrate a new nothospecies in the genus Laelia: L. × meavei Cetzal & E.A. Pérez-García. This new taxon is most likely the result of the introgression between Laelia rubescens fo. peduncularis and L. dawsonii fo. dawsonii. The description of L. × meavei is based on cultivated plants coming from a single locality: Sola de Vega, Oaxaca, on Mexico's Sierra Madre del Sur. One of the putative parents, L. dawsonii fo. dawsonii, is widely cultivated in the region and known in the wild, but current wild populations are small and scattered. In turn, L. rubescens is typically a lowland species, but in this region it is known to grow at higher elevations and these populations are referable to L. rubescens fo. peduncularis. Flowers of Laelia × meavei are similar to those of L. rubescens, but they are larger and longer lasting, whereas the plants look more like a small L. dawsonii fo. dawsonii. Furthermore, to be consistent with the broad circumscription of Laelia followed here, we provide a new combination for the recently described Encarbacenia perezgarciae Archila & Szlachetko. Finally, the following new combination is proposed, L. dawsonii fo. chilapensis (Soto-Arenas) E.A. Pérez-García & Cetzal.


Circular economy is a kind of economic mode which is based on the circular use of resources and energy. China should take the circular economy as strategic orientation for industrial economic development and se up corresponding policy for its further development.


Superoxide dismutase in man occurs as two isozymes, a soluble form (A) and a mitochondrial form (B). These two isozymes were found to show different immunological specificity.

2Department of Medical Genetics, University of Umed, S-90187 Umea, Sweden


Objective:To study the clinical characteristics and the diagnostic criteria of vesical leukoplakia. Methods:Clinical data of 160 patients with vesical leukoplakia were analyzed.Results:The vesical leukoplakia were detected in 160 cases, among them 147cases had vesical leukoplakia hyperplasia, 11 cases had hyperplasia blending atroghy, 2 cases had atrophy. Patients were evaluated for characteristic pathology change with cystoscopy, pathology examination and Electron microscopy. Conclusions:Incidence of vesical leukoplakia is high. To get early diagnosis, cystoscopy and biopsy in time are important for patients with urinary urgency and frequency, urethral and pelvic pain, hematuria. Electron microscopy is useful to know the pathological characteristics.


concerns the impact of the microenvironment on programmed cell death (PCD) in erythroblasts derived from patients with low-risk MDS. The study presented in this chapter investigated PCD in freshly isolated MDS bone marrow erythroblasts derived from the mononuclear cell fraction or from hematons. Bone marrow-derived hematons are compact hematopoietic complexes containing various cell lineages including mesenchymal cells, endothelial cells and hematopoietic progenitors. In a large number of erythroblasts are located within their microenvironment. The study demonstrated that erythroid cells directly isolated from bone marrow hematons and MNC fractions exhibited reduced levels of apoptosis. The ultrastructure results were compatible with the enhanced levels of autophagy. However, when MNCs from MDS bone marrow were cultured for 24 hours in vitro , a relatively large proportion of apoptotic erythroid cells was observed, which was not observed in erythroid cells of cultured hematons. Comparable results were obtained from erythroid progenitors: BFU-Es could not be efficiently cultured from the MNC fraction, while high numbers of BFU-Es were obtained from the hematon fraction. To study whether increased autophagy could be linked to altered expression of key autophagy genes, the expression level of ATG5, ATG7, Beclin-1 and LC3 was determined by qPCR. However, no difference in the expression of these genes was observed in MDS erythroblasts. These results indicate that MDS-derived erythroid progenitor cells are strongly dependent on their own microenvironment for their survival and that increased numbers of autophagy structures occur, probably due to increased deposition of iron in the mitochondria.


Abstract : The long-term objective is to provide a comprehensive worldwide optics database that includes data on a broad range of important optical properties, including diffuse attenuation, beam attenuation, and scattering. For the public version of the database, data from ONR-funded bio-optical cruises are given priority for loading into the database, but data from other scientific programs (NASA, NODC, NSF) and from other countries will also be routinely added to the Worldwide Ocean Optics Database (WOOD). For the operational Navy version of the database, forward area datasets, such as those collected in US Naval Oceanographic Office "military surveys" will be given priority. A main objective in FY10 has been to add the NASA world-wide monthly climatologies for chlorophyll concentration, and another objective was to publish a paper that documents the DoD-restricted version of WOOD. The US Navy has a special interest in locations such as the East China Sea, Yellow Sea, Gulf of Oman, and the Persian Gulf. As a result special attention is given to obtaining and loading data from such locations. An on-going objective is to develop more automated procedures for ingesting complex datasets, such as from hyper-spectral sensors or from high-density measurement systems like a glider or SeaSoar system. Finally, assuring high data quality is a major objective, so substantial effort is given to removing noise, calibration shifts, and other data artifacts from the data.


Four decades of pheromone research have provided the tools for environmentally safe control of insects through manipulation of male matefinding behaviour. In Europe, disruption of mating by aerial dissemination of synthetic pheromones is used to control several economically important tortricids in orchards and vineyards on ca. 50 000 ha. The importance of pheromone-based methods is accentuated in view of increasing problems associated with the use of conventional insecticides. However, for a more widespread use of pheromones, application techniques must become more reliable and more economic. The key to further development is closer communication and collaboration between academic research institutions, plant protection industry and extension services.


Abstract. The present paper deals with an anisotropic Kirchhoff problem under homogeneous Dirichlet boundary conditions, set in a bounded smooth domain of ℝN (). The problem studied is a stationary version of the original Kirchhoff equation, involving the anisotropic -Laplacian operator, in the framework of the variable exponent Lebesgue and Sobolev spaces. The question of the existence of weak solutions is treated. Applying the Mountain Pass Theorem of Ambrosetti and Rabinowitz, the existence of a nontrivial weak solution is obtained in the anisotropic variable exponent Sobolev space , provided that the positive parameter λ that multiplies the nonlinearity f is small enough.