AIM To investigate the inducing effect of sasanguasaponin on the apoptosis of human leukemia Jurkat cells in vitro.METHODS Jurkat cells treated with sasanguasaponin(1-4 μg/mL) were used to observe the effect on proliferation by cell count assay.Effects on the protein expression of caspase-3,PARP,Bip,chop,Perk,ATF6 and IRE1 were analyzed by Western blot.RESULTS The proliferation of Jurkat cells was significantly inhibited after the exposure to sasanguasaponin(1-4 μg/mL) in a concentration-dependent manner.Immunoblotting results showed that caspase-3 was activated by sasanguasaponin and increased the protein expression of Cleaved PARP,then induced Jurkat cells apoptosis,which was triggered by downregulating the expression of Bip and chop,then activate endoplasmic reticulum stress transmembrane proteins(Perk,ATF6 and IRE1).CONCLUSION Sasanguasaponin(1-4 μg/mL) can inhibit the proliferation of human leukemia Jurkat cells,and induce the apoptosis through endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway.


Studies of the ablation of polyimide accompanying two rapid sequential pulses of 308 nm laser radiation are presented. Measurements of the change in surface reflectivity revealed that both transient and permanent changes in the surface reflectivity resulted when pulses above the ablation threshold irradiated the surface. The permanent change was due to physical modification of the polymer surface and redeposition of ablated material. The transient change was likely due to increased surface absorption of the incident radiation at subthreshold fluences. Above threshold, scattering and absorption of the incident probe radiation by particles in the plume is likely the dominant process. Double pulsed etch rate measurements are also presented.


Ultrastructural changes in endothelial cells in a hamster‐to‐rat and guinea pig‐to‐rat heart transplantation model are described. In the hamster‐to‐rat model, changes were minimal with an increase in cytoplasmic vesicles 4–6 h after transplantation. 16–24 h after transplantation larger vesicles appeared and the basement and cell membranes were less well defined. 42–48 h after transplantation the changes had progressed with destruction of cell membranes and the appearance of extravasated erythrocytes. At the time of complete rejection, changes had further progressed with widespread endothelial cell destruction and infiltration of neutrophilic granulocytes and macrophages, and large amounts of fibrin were present. In the guinea pig‐to‐rat model, changes were characterized by the appearance of platelets in close contact with the endothelium of the capillaries 1–3 min after transplantation. 4–6 min after transplantation the basement membranes as well as the cell membranes were affected with indistinct borders and interruption. Occasionally fusion of platelets and endothelial cell membranes was demonstrated. In the grafts examined 7–9 min after transplantation, changes had further progressed. Massive aggregation of platelets now appeared in relation to remnants of endothelical cells. Signs of microvascular damage appeared in both models, but with different morphology. In hamster grafts, endothelial cell activation is indicated by gradual changes in the cell membranes resulting in vascular damage and infiltration of the grafts by macrophages and neutrophilic granulocytes. In the guinea pig grafts, activation of endothelial cells results in platelet aggregation, formation of microthrombi, and subsequent tissue damage. Even though antibody and complement are involved in both types of rejection the basic mechanisms are different.


The wireless fetal and maternal monitoring system includes a fetal sensor unit that is adapted to receive a plurality of signals indicative of a fetal heartbeat, the sensor optionally utilizing a Doppler ultrasound sensor. When the short-distance transmission unit transmits a plurality of signals indicating the fetal heartbeat either directly or via the auxiliary communication unit to the gateway unit, and via the auxiliary communication unit, the short-distance transmission unit and the auxiliary communication unit The electrical coupling is via a wired connection. The system includes a contraction actuator operable in response to a maternal uterine contraction, optionally an EMG sensor. The gateway device provides data visualization and data security. A gateway device provides remote transmission of information through a data communication network. A server adapted to receive information from the gateway device serves to store and process data and to interface with a system that enables remote patient monitoring. [Selection] Figure 3


Adequate dialysis is that which permits the patient with end-stage renal failure to be rehabilitated, eat a reasonable diet, make blood, and maintain near-normal blood pressure, and prevents the development or progression of neuropathy. Based on the available evidence, the minimum prescribed hemodialysis dose per session for a thrice-weekly schedule should be a Kt/V of 1.2; the National Kidney Foundation's Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative suggests a Kt/V of 1.3. The minimum urea reduction ratio should be 65%, and the suggested ratio is 70%. Recently, it has been proposed that the Hemodialysis Product is a better index of dialysis adequacy than is Kt/V. The Hemodialysis Product = (hrs/dialysis session) x (dialysis sessions/wk) 2 .


The age and growth of the sunray surf clam Mactra chinensis in Tomakomai were studied by measuring shell rings. Monthly measurement of shell increment from the last ring indicated ring formation to occur annually from November to January when seawater temperature dropped below about 10°C, and thus to be regardable as an age indicator. Age at the first ring formation was estimated at 0 by observing the shell rings of newly settled clams. Age was determined by counting the number of rings, and the relationship between age and shell length was expressed using von Bertalanffy's growth equation: Lt=78.31 [1-exp{-0.67(t-0.34)}], Lt being shell length (mm) at age t (years).


Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) belongs to the Asteraceae or sunflower family. Its leaves, stems, and roots have been used in traditional Chinese herbal for a long time because dandelion has a wide range of pharmacological properties including anti-microbial, anti-viral, anti-inflammatory, and anti-infectious as well as anti-oxidation especially in the dandelion root extract which is the most medicinal value. A clinical study of dandelion extracts on skin acne and a simple preparation method of the dandelion extract would be discussed since the dandelion extract has low toxicity on the skin, even is non-toxic based on the British Herbal Pharmacopoeia recommendation.


A Mexican study investigated the relationship between foreign language learning motivation, anxiety, and learning strategies of beginning-level university English-as-a-Foreign-Language (EFL) students who are at risk of failing the EFL class only. Subjects were 68 students identified as having serious problems with listening comprehension and having previous academic problems in their English courses, and who subsequently attended 16 learning strategy training sessions. At the beginning and end of the course, they completed listening comprehension tests and questionnaires concerning their motivation to learn English, amount of communication anxiety they experienced in the classroom, and listening strategies they used. Preand post-treatment data were compared to those of a control group of proficient students. Results indicate that the motivation scores were similar before and after treatment and in the proficient group, although the treatment group did improve in attitude. Even though the at-risk learners' scores were consistently lower than those of the proficient students, the at-risk group made significant ithprovement in their scores between the preand post-listening comprehension test while the proficient EFL learners who had not attended the strategy sessions showed no significant differences. Contains 11 references. (MSE) ******************************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. ******************************************************************************** A Mexican Project with University Academic At-risk English as a Foreign Language Students


In the temperature range between 0.65 K and 1 K, the international temperature scale of 1990 (ITS-90) is based on 3He vapour–pressure thermometers and overlaps with the provisional low temperature scale of 2000 (PLTS-2000) defined by the melting pressure of 3He. An indirect comparison at PTB revealed differences between the two scales of up to 1.5 mK at 0.65 K (Engert et al 2007 Metrologia 44 40–52). Stimulated by the PTB results, we have performed a direct comparison T 90–T 2000 from 0.65 K to 1 K at LNE-CNAM. To test repeatability, the experiment was conducted twice: in 2019 and 2020. We find differences T 90–T 2000 of 0.28 mK at 1 K, increasing to 1.58 mK at 0.65 K. The direct comparison, eliminates the uncertainty component due to the transfer resistance thermometer and its calibration. Except for a point near 1 K, the new results are in accordance with those obtained at PTB (differences of less than 0.22 mK), which makes it possible to improve the accuracy of the equation specified in ITS-90.


Cellulose was commonly extracted from wood and other lignocellulosic materials such as leaf, straw, bast, or grass. There is no report found on extraction of cellulose from root plant yet. Industrially, the root of vetiver is distilled to obtain its essential oil. In this study, the distilled vetiver root was soda pulped and the resulted pulp was characterized by the use of X-ray diffraction and FT-IR spectroscopic methods. Response surface methodology with central composite design was used to investigate the influence of delignification on the chemical properties of pulp. Soda pulping was carried out at 160 – 180 oC for 1 – 3 hrs with 20 – 40% of alkali charge. Severe process conditions were required to achieve a significant degree of delignification. Pulping at 180 oC for 3 hours with alkali charge of 40% decreased the lignin content of pulp from 39.53% to 4.47%. Keywords: FT-IR analysis, soda pulping, vetiver root, X-ray diffraction


Acute mesenteric vascular occlusion is associated with an extremely high mortality. Only the early diagnosis may be helpful in this condition. A directed anamnesis and close observation of clinical signs and symptoms associated with metabolic acidosis, significant base deficit, elevated white blood count, and arteriography could shorten the time period between vascular occlusion and operation. This is the way, which possibly leads to more gratifying results.


Fundamental significance of the principle of public hearing lies in the fact that it provides a platform for social supervision, which is more propitious to judicial fairness. As a supervision entity with authoritative social functions, modern media brings harmony and conflicts together in the process of application of jurisdiction in different fields of media, but they haven't got integrated so far. This paper aims at application of public hearing in media context and elaborates respectively different aspects of facilitation and limitation. And finally, several thoughts are discussed in terms of integration between jurisdiction and media.


This research is a literature study that reviews strategies for improving organizational performance through optimizing organizational design. The articles reviewed are articles that discuss organizational design and organizational performance. The review method used is a systematic literature review. The search for articles begins in 2016 – 2022. All articles sought are in English. Based on the search results obtained 988 articles. After the data inclusion and exclusion process was carried out, 18 potential articles were obtained for in-depth analysis. Based on the results of the synthesis carried out, it can be concluded that the role of organizational design is very visible in improving organizational performance. In addition, organizational design encourages the emergence of organizational innovation which ultimately encourages increased organizational performance.


This document is about Japanese immigrants, including those originating from
Okinawa, played in Latin American society as well as the issues concerning the impact that both sides have made on each other.


VideoSAR (Video Synthetic Aperture Radar) technology provides an important mean for real-time and continuous earth observation, whereas the ever-changing scattering characteristics may destroy the accuracy of target motion perception and bring in massive false alarms subsequently. False alarms emerge easily in the edge region for its sharper variations of the scattering characteristics. Utilizing the gradient difference between the target shadow edge and other edge regions in the image, this letter proposes a VideoSAR false alarm reduction method based on gradient-weighted edge information. By considering the reasonable gradient and area of the overlapping edge region between changing region and background, this method could reduce the amount of false alarms ( P f a = 18 . 4 % ) and retain the correct shadow of moving target ( P d = 74 . 8 % ). Experiments on a real footage verify the excellent effect of the proposed method.


The two-child policy has attracted attention from insightful people,who focus their attention from cultivating top-notch and innovative talents to developing early education. Based on the serious misunderstanding of early childhood education,as well as reflections on "why China 's schools fail to cultivate outstanding talents,"a well-known question asked by Qian Xuesen,the present study proposes the following: early childhood education should be part of the basic national strategies; "double supernormal education,"a shortcut to help all children develop their gifted potentials,should be started from preschool children; and laying a good foundation for a happy life of children is a historical mission of"happy early childhood education,"with eight core ideas laying a theoretical foundation for the "plan for happy early childhood education. "


The endogenous avian leukosis ev/J were amplified from the normal genome of Lingshan chicken,Jianghan chicken,meat-type chicken and SPF chicken with specific primers using PCR.As a result,three different kinds of fragments were amplified from those genomic DNA.The sequence analysis indicated that these fragments belongs toTypeⅡ,TypeⅣ ev/J and another kind ev/J which has larger deletion.The distribution of ev/J in those strains of chicken are not completely the same,the meat-type chicken and SPF chicken have TypeⅡand TypeⅣev/J,however,the Jianghan chicken only contains TypeⅡev/J and the Lingshan Partridge chicken includes another kind ev/J has larger deletion.Not only the TypeⅣ ev/J sequences with highly homology to each other,but aslo their env gene have highly homology with counterpart of main exogenous ALV-J strain from our country and the prototype exogenous ALV-J HPRS-103.These results indicated that endogenous ev/J is highly conservative in the host normal genome.


A fast three-dimensional (3D) node localization algorithm in multipath for ultra-wideband (UWB) wireless sensor networks is developed. The algorithm employs a modified propagator method (MPM) for time delay estimation and then uses a marriage algorithm of 3D Chan and Taylor for range-based multilateral localization and node position computation. In the proposed algorithm, the traditional propagator method (PM) for direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation is extended to frequency-domain time-of-arrival (TOA) estimation in multipath, which can effectively measure the distance between an unknown sensor node and an anchor node. MPM algorithm requires neither spectral searching nor covariance matrix estimation and its eigenvalue decomposition, which reduces the computational complexity. The marriage location algorithm enhances the robustness and accuracy of node localization. The simulations validate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm in locating multiple unknown nodes of UWB wireless sensor networks in 3D space.


Performance Management has developed from a very operational focus to a more strategically oriented concept, i.e. where it plays an integral role in the formulation and implementation of strategic impetus which differentiates it from performance appraisal. Performance management seeks to align a number of processes. (E.g. Performance related pay system) with corporate objectives. Theoretically it involves a shared process between managers, individuals, and teams where goals are agreed and jointly reviewed. Further, Corporate, Divisional, Departments, Team and individual objectives should all be integrated.  Performance Appraisal is a crucial element of the Performance Management process involving a formal review of individual performance. It is contented that Performance Management represent possibly the greatest opportunity for a human resource system to make a telling contribution organizational performance. It represents a system that can inform how the firm's Human Resources contribute to the organization's strategic objectives. The main objective of the project is to know the impact of Performance Management of Country Vacations (A Division of Country Club India Ltd). In the research methodology the secondary data is collected from books, newspapers, internet, magazines and other from other sources. The primary data involves questionnaire which contain a list of questions to be filled by respondents. In this the respondents are the employees. The method used is survey method. The data analysis and the interpretation are drawn based on the feedback of the employees.


Coal forming environments in the tectonically controlled intermontane Stephanian Cevennes coal basin(Massif Central,France)show a complex interelationship between structural and sedimentological features.The study of the general structural features and the geometry of the coal beds developed during the different stages in the evolution of the basin,and the spatial relation of the lithofacial units to the early tectonic activities,lead the authors to suggest the following model.The synsedimentary faults that occurred as both intrabasinal and marginal faults controlled not only the spatial distribution,shape and thickness of the detrital rock units and coal seams,but also caused the inversion of the tectonic style.The marginal faults exercised important controls on the geometry of the basin and the distribution of lithofacial units.However due to the subsidence of the central part of the basin and the depocenter,and the to differences in the timing and intensity of the displacement the coal enrich ment zones shifted both vertically and laterally.This eventually resulted in the inversion of the whole tectonic framework from semi-graben through graben to a new semi-graben.The style and rate of the tectonic movement and basin filling that occurred in the Stephanian Cevennes coal basin were in turn closely linked with the tectonic movement in the surrounding area.Therefore the authors propose that the environment and processes of coal formation in this basin are closely linked to its tectonic evolution.


In this paper a method based on attenuated total reflection–Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy is described to measure the concentration of colloidal particles dispersed in a liquid near a solid boundary in pressure driven flows. The method has been used to obtain measurements of wall depletion in an aqueous suspension of ethylcellulose particles. The method is capable of measuring the particle concentration in a thin layer near the boundary, whose thickness is between 0.3 and 1.4 μm. A considerable decrease in the concentration of particles near the wall is found for a suspension with a particle volume fraction of 0.24 over a wide range of apparent shear rates. The results from the spectroscopic experiments are compared to rheological experiments on parallel disk torsional flow at different gap heights. With this method, the order of magnitude of the thickness of an equivalent fully depleted layer (a layer at the wall assumed to contain only pure solvent and no particles) can be obtained. The result...


no. 8 • September 2000 http://www.nursingcenter.com Home Healthcare Nurse 505 The last phase in the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organization's cycle for improving performance and the final grid element to be mented based on the data collected in the data collection phase and the judgments made about how the process is performing in the aggregation and analysis phase. Standard PI.5 requires that the improvements planned be implemented according to the plan of action established. Once the specific action plan has been established (standard PI.4.4), the surveyor will determine whether the actions were implemented as planned. For example, the surveyor will assess whether:


In this article the examination data of 124 pregnant women with anemia in the third trimester of pregnancy is presented, 30 pregnant women - with physiological course of pregnancy. It was noticed that, in pregnant women with iron deficiency anemia with an adequate level of sEPO (serum erythropoietin) after treatment with iron supplements a positive effect was achieved. In pregnant women with an inadequate level of sEPO who received only iron supplements, positive changes were not noticed. It is shown that, in pregnant women with an inadequate levels sEPO who along with iron supplements were receiving rEPO (recombinant erythropoietin) a positive dynamics was observed after treatment. Clinical effect in pregnant women who were receiving iron supplements along with rEPO appeared more rapidly and was more pronounced than in patients treated with conventional therapy. We have marked the positive effects of the proposed treatment on gestation course.


This invention relates to a process for converting FUEL OIL BASED IN ELECTRICITY, comprising the following steps; A) catalytically converting (17) said fuel in a gas containing hydrogen; B) passing said gas containing hydrogen through a unit (7) swing adsorption PRESSURE AT LEAST TO PRODUCE A gas stream of high purity hydrogen and a desorption gas, YC) providing said gas stream HIGH PURITY HYDROGEN TO A SUB anodic fuel cell (9) at least, operating at a temperature of 140 (degrees) C AT LEAST IN WHICH GENERATE ELECTRICITY.


The sacrificial anode or cathode protected automatic detecting and treating system consists of detecting module connecting debugging pile and potential pile, reference electrode, movable data acquirer, processor with implanted program and computer with installed cathode protecting and processing software. The data detecting, acquiring and storing are completed in two modes. Information is radio transmitted; debugging pile detecting module and potential pile detecting module complete detection under the control of the software cured in the processors of the modules; and the data are then acquired with the movable data acquirer and batch transmitted to the computer for treatment. The present invention has high efficiency, high accuracy and high practicability.


The invention relates to a method and a system for detecting the sunlight intensity of an automatic air conditioner. The method comprises the following processes of acquiring the current longitude and latitude information and the real-time travelling information of an automobile by a Telematics vehicular terminal, and transmitting the current longitude and latitude information and the real-time travelling information of the automobile to an automatic air-conditioner controller; calculating the included angle gamma of the current travelling direction of the automobile and the sun by the automatic air-conditioner controller according to the current longitude and latitude information and the real-time travelling information of the automobile; judging whether the sun is within the detecting range of a sunlight sensor or not by the automatic air-conditioner controller; if so, then using a sunlight-intensity detecting value b detected by the sunlight sensor as the sunlight intensity a; otherwise, correcting the sunlight-intensity detecting value b detected by the sunlight sensor to obtain the sunlight intensity. When the sun is not within the detecting range of the sunlight sensor, the sunlight intensity a is obtained by correcting the sunlight-intensity detecting value b detected by the sunlight sensor, so that the accurate detection of the sunlight intensity a outside the automobile by the automatic air conditioner is guaranteed, and the environmental comfort level in the automobile is improved.


In this study we introduce the Polya--Aeppli--Lindleydistribution as a mixed Polya--Aeppli distribution with Lindley mixing distribution. The representation as a mixedInflated-parameter negative binomial distributions leads to some nice properties. Some additional properties, probability mass function, moments and recursion formulas are given. Then we define a stochastic process with Polya--Aeppli--Lindley distribution.


Studies of the physiology of unicellular organisms often involve assays for gene expression in conjunction with changes in growth or environmental conditions. We have exploited the property of pigment production by the nonpathogenic bacterium Serratia marcescens to design a simple assay for gene expression that is easily and inexpensively adaptable to the teaching biology laboratory. Our assay uses a spectrophotometer to simultaneously measure bacterial growth and expression of the red, cell-associated pigment prodigiosin. This work defines a unit value for prodigiosin expression and characterizes pigmentation through variations in cell density, growth temperature and growth medium. Spontaneous pigmentation mutants of S. marcescens, which can be easily isolated due to variations in colony color, may be quantitatively assayed for prodigiosin expression throughout the population growth cycle.


of the roads in the winter. The volume of Southampton's trade as measured by the brokage records reached some rather high levels in the mid-fifteenth century, but then declined and continued to fall in the early sixteenth century. There are some surprises, mysteries and insights. Many carts from Southampton travelled to Bristol loaded with wine, despite Bristol's role as a port for French wine, which can be explained because on the return journey cloth from the Bristol region could be carried for export by the Italians based in Southampton. The increasing numbers of cart journeys to Basingstoke point to the phenomenal expansion of that town between 1440 and 1540. Among the curiosities, we find that Weyhill Fair received large quantities of garlic, and that cartloads of iron were delivered to the Hampshire village of Cheriton. We can still wonder that a cart set out from a south coast port to deliver a load to distant Coventry, and even Derby. We gain so much high-quality evidence from the brokage books, it seems ungrateful to ask for more. The books, however, name the town for which the carts were headed, but the ultimate destination of the goods they carried is not known. Numerous carts left Southampton for Salisbury, itself a centre for consumption, but the city also served as a distribution point from which yet more carts and packhorses were taking the goods to the towns and villages of Wiltshire. We would understand the trading system better if we knew more about those who bought the contents of the carts. Occasionally, a recipient is known, as some carts loaded with wine were heading for inns, and others were servicing the needs of monasteries and aristocratic households. Some of the loads for Winchester belonged to artisans in the cloth industry, who used in their crafts the oil, alum and dyestuffs that were carried by Southampton carts. The commentaries on the brokage books which fill most of the chapters are focused on the commodities and the towns to which they were carried. At the beginning of the book, references are made to Coleman's idea that Southampton's experience shows that a town could decline while huge amounts of trade flowed through it, as the trade was in the hands of Londoners or the Italians. Ruddock offered an alternative that Southampton's merchants derived some benefit from its international trade. The concluding chapter of this book does not give readers a new hypothesis, but concentrates on technical problems. We are rightly told that the information has potential, which challenges future researchers to build new interpretations from the abundant materials that this book and database has made available.


The individual in international law — Human rights and freedoms — Charter of the United Nations — Effect on national immigration laws. Aliens — Admission of — Quota system based on national originsValidity of — Whether compatible with Charter of the United Nations — Effect on Immigration Laws of Member States — The law of the United States of America. Charter of the United Nations — Interpretation of — Effect in municipal law — On Immigration Laws of Member State — The law of the United States of America. 463Treaties — Operation and enforcement of — Effect in municipal law — Charter of the United Nations — Effect on national Immigration Laws — The law of the United States of America.


An ECT (eddy current testing) camera system is proposed to quantitatively evaluate/visualize cracks of the metal structures. It is composed of the multi-coil ECT probe, ECT instrument, and computer-aided analysis/visualization that correspond to the lens, film and development/picture in the elements of photography, respectively. At first, scanning the probe in one direction gives ECT signals as a two-dimensional image. Second, a method of the image processing narrows to visualize crack shapes. Finally, an inversion based on the finite elements evaluates the depth of cracks. It is applied to inspection of an austenite stainless steel plates with fatigue cracks so as to discuss the accuracy of the system.


Cloud computing has brought many challenges and opportunities for China's copyright law construction,in the background of implementing "National Intellectual Property Strategy" and "building innovation-oriented country",combined with the 2012 National Intellectual Property Strategy implementation plan and the third draft revision of the Copyright Law,the following points about China's copyright law construction should be concerned:the organic combination of the legislation and industry self-government,the development of digital rights management technology and industry,the strengthening of administrative supervision and judicial enforcement,the encouragement of academic research and awareness of copyright laws and the cultivation of culture and so on.


By using the insole plantar pressure test system,the article studies and collects the plantar pressure parameters of SUI Shengsheng's who was the main attack of former Chinese team spike on 4th position.The results show that right leg contribution is greater than left leg,the first landing is the rear of right leg,and followed from the mid-area transition to the front area.The first landing is the rear of left area,followed by front area and mid-area.The landing time is different between mid-area and rear area and front area is 2 milliseconds.The left and right feet are within rotation movements when the stage kick out ground;the max peak and average pressure which are from largest to smallest are front area,rear area and mid-area.


Heavy fishing affects the population by the exploited section of the stock in riverine water bodies. Cyprinus carpio is very frequently cultured in the Ganga basin especially middle and lower stretches of the river due to its plasticity nature (survival rate), fast growth rate, high market demand, consumer preference and very simply availability of seed (example fry and fingerlings). C. carpio is highly adaptable to a suite of environmental conditions. Age composition, age and growth of C. carpio were studied during February 2019 to 2020 January from fish landing centre at Sirsa, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India. The hard part, key scales were studied for estimation of age and growth in the present study because of easy availability. A total of 548 specimens in length ranges between 97 to 687 mm and age classes of 0+ to 9+ were estimated in the river. The fish attained mean length of 203, 325, 413, 478, 529, 565, 594, 621 and 643 mm, respectively at the end of 1+ to 9+ years of the life cycle. The maximum growth was observed in first year with 203 mm of the life span. The result also indicated that the age composition and growth rate of C. carpio in the invaded waters of the Tons River is very appropriate to the fishes.


Collaborative testing (CT) is an assessment strategy whereby students first write a test as an individual and then immediately following, write the same test again as a group, with the opportunity to discuss their thought process in reaching their answers. This strategy has been shown to increase performance on multiple‐choice (MC) tests, and to improve short‐term retention of material. However, this format has not been evaluated for tests using long answer (LA) questions, and measures of improved long‐term retention are inconsistent. The purpose of this study was to determine if CT improves performance on LA questions and whether CT could improve long‐term retention of course material compared to traditional teaching and testing methods. Two courses, (3rd year Exercise Physiology, n=102 and 2nd year Biochemistry, n=64) administered identical protocols which included an in‐class collaborative midterm (half MC and half LA questions), an unannounced, individual retention test 1 week later (short‐term) followed by a brief instructor‐led, in‐class review of the test, and finally another unannounced individual retention test 6 weeks later (long‐term). Performance was calculated as the difference in grades between collaborative and individual midterm. Retention was calculated as the difference in grades between a given retention test and the individual midterm. CT improved performance on both MC and LA questions, but the degree of improvement was greater on LA questions (16.5% ± 1.29%, 20.6% ± 1.41%, p<0.05). As expected, short‐term retention was better on questions that had been tested collaboratively compared to questions that were only seen individually (+3.7% ± 1.53% vs. −7.9% ± 1.50%, p<0.05). Surprisingly, long‐term retention was similarly maintained for both collaborative and individual questions (+0.69% ± 1.92% vs. −0.16% ± 1.89%), indicating that retention of the questions that had been tested individually had improved since the short‐term retention test. Our results show that CT can improve performance on LA questions and help students retain this information over several weeks, but also suggests that taking the time to review a test in class may be an equal strategy to improve long‐term retention of material.


Sungkyun Journal of East Asian Studies Vol.17 No.2 © 2017 Academy of East Asian Studies. 163-190 DOI: 10.21866/esjeas.2017.17.2.003 email of the author: firstname.lastname@example.com 163 Introduction Pilgrimage practices can provide new perspectives on a society through their combination of inclusiveness and division, and the occasion they offer for both departure from everyday routines and confirmation of long-held values and beliefs. Theoretical studies have focused on societies where pilgrimage is most conspicuous, particularly Muslim societies, where the hajj to Mecca is complemented by ziyara to holy shrines (Eickelman and Piscatori 1990, 5–6), and medieval Europe, where pilgrimages drew participants from all levels of society (Webb 2002, ix–xi). Even deliberately secularized forms can be instructive, as when the colonial bureaucratic career is schematized as a series of pilgrimage circuits culminating at the metropole (Anderson 2006, 53–58). In the 21st century the global scale of religious pilgrimage has only increased, even as some lament participants' limited understanding of the sites they visit (Pazos 2014, 1–3). The most influential theoretical framework aimed at capturing the capacity of pilgrimages to unite diverse social groups has been that of Victor Turner, who argues that through the shared act of pilgrimage, participants create an egalitarian "communitas" that replaces the social distinctions that normally divide them (Naquin and Yü 1992, 4–6). Recent studies of even paradigmatic cases, however, have critiqued the naïve idealism of this characterization, pointing to the economic, Known as the home of Confucius, Qufu represented a sacred space eliciting profound affective, intellectual, and performative responses from travelers. In contrast to the broad appeal of sacred mountains, Qufu specifically attracted educated elites. These pilgrims were familiar with and committed to the Confucian textual canon, yet their experience of Qufu's sacred character was primarily through its physical locations, structures, and relics. Through travelogues and gazetteers, the continuing role of the Kong family as guides, and the influence of the space itself, norms of practicing and recounting the pilgrimage formed in the late Ming prefigured and shaped accounts through the Republican period by an expanding body of pilgrims including elite women, Western missionaries, and modern tourists. The late imperial status of Qufu as a sacred site laid the foundation for the tourism, commercialization, and environmental protection observed there during the Republican period.


The experiment use the means of quadratic rotational combination design,create and analyse a three-factor(application Density,N,P) quadratic mathematic models.To demonstrate the relationships between yield and fat content in seeds of double-low spring rape plant density,N,P applied. The result indicated that the effects of different density and levels of N,P application on double-low spring tape's yield and fat content in seeds was obvious, effect of different levels application of N,P on rapeseed's fat content in seeds was also obvious,but the effect of density on rapeseed's fat content in seeds was not obvious.


Image analysis methods for processing 3D profile data have been investigated and developed. These methods include; Image reconstruction by prioritized incremental normalized convolution, morphology ...


We present the temperature dependence of the interlayer coupling, from 15 to 300 K, in ferromagnet/semiconductor/ferromagnet trilayers with the nominal structure of 10 nm δMn60Ga40/GaAs (n monolayers)/20 nm δMn54Ga46 [n=6–16 monolayers (ML) nominally] grown on (001) GaAs substrates by molecular-beam epitaxy. Since compositional analysis showed a strong diffusion of Mn into the GaAs spacer layer, we represent the trilayer structure as MnGa/(Ga,As,Mn)/MnGa. The magnetic-circular-dichroism loops showed antiferromagnetic coupling between both MnGa layers for the samples with a spacer layer from 6 to 14 ML GaAs nominally in the whole temperature range. The temperature coefficient of the coupling field was found to be positive for 6–8 ML spacers and negative for 10–14 ML spacers. We interpret these facts as the competition between two (or more) coupling mechanisms. For the sample with a 16 ML GaAs spacer layer, the interlayer coupling was antiferromagnetic below 200 K, but ferromagnetic above 200 K.


Introduction Chapter 1: A Look in the Rearview Mirror Chapter 2: In Defense of Marraige ("When I'm Sixty-Four") Chapter 3: Marriage and Its Critics ("Let's Call the Whole Thing Off") Chapter 4: Just Marriage ("We Can Work It Out:) Conclusion: A Modest Proposal Notes Bibliography Index About the Author


: This article discusses statistical innovations implemented in the health sector. The research is being conducted on the treatment and prevention of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF), focusing on the factors contributing to the increase in DHF. Create a nonparametric regression model with a mixed estimator, truncated spline


An analysis of Newton's argument on absolute space is provided. The equation of the parable is given by describing the water surface from a rotating bucket related to the Earth. This rotation generates a trend by which the water recedes from the axis of its motion, or in the classic Latin allusion: conatus recedenti ab axe motus . The theme and its implications will be discussed from the point of view of the teaching of Physics


AIM
To evaluate the effect of statin therapy on the decrease of common carotid artery intima-media thickness (CCA-IMT) compared to placebo or usual care.

METHODS
A systematic search of electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Center Register) up to December 2011 was performed. Two reviewers independently determined the eligibility of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing statin therapy with a placebo or usual care with a minimum follow-up of 6 months.

RESULTS
Twenty-one RCTs involving 6317 individuals were included in this review. The pooled weighted mean difference (WMD) between statin therapy and placebo or usual care on CCA-IMT was -0.029 mm (95%CI: -0.045, -0.013). Subgroup analyses showed significant effects of lovastatin (WMD: -0.077; 95%CI: -0.082, -0.073) and simvastatin (WMD: -0.069; 95%CI: -0.094, -0.045), followed by pravastatin and rosuvastatin, but no significant benefits of atorvastatin, fluvastatin, or cerivastatin. A greater decrease in mean CCA-IMT was observed in the setting of secondary prevention versus primary prevention (WMD: -0.045 vs. -0.004), in younger patients versus older patients (WMD: -0.057 vs. -0.041), and in studies where the patient proportion was males ≥ females (-0.044 vs. -0.008). Meta-regression analysis showed a significant association between changes in mean CCA-IMT with decreasing triglyceride levels. A similar, but not statistically significant trend was also found between CCA-IMT decrease and the decrease in LDL-C levels or increase in HDL-C levels.

CONCLUSION
Statin therapy is associated with a favorable decrease in CCA-IMT, an effect that seems to be mainly driven by the CCA-IMT at baseline and the extent of lipid decrease, specifically triglycerides.


Caspases are a family of cysteine proteases, which play a crucial role in apoptosis and inflammation. The reaction mechanisms involving the cysteine proteases model compound HSH with diketone (PhCOCOCH3-nXn, (X = F, Cl, n = 0, 1, 2) substrate have been studied using B3LYP/6-311+G* level of density functional theory method. The harmonic vibrational frequencies were calculated at the same level of theory used for the characterization of stationary points and zero-point vibrational energy corrections. The condensed Fukui functions have been calculated to find the favorable reactive site for the electrophilic (f), nucleophilic (f), and radical (f) attacks in the reactants. The transition states were connected with reactants, intermediate, and products, and the minimum energy paths have been confirmed through intrinsic reaction coordinate calculation. The potential energy barrier between each step of the reactions has been calculated to find the most favorable reaction path. The binding nature of cysteine model compound with diketone substrate has been studied through the interaction energies, bond lengths, electron density, natural bond orbital, and atoms in molecules theory analysis. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2010


Historically, the traditional role of women was thought to be one of domestic ingenuity; managing
the household with the greatest proficiency without any prospect of upward mobility. This article
looks at the recent progress women have made in politics, particularly in Caribbean Parliaments.


The growing concern in the study of system electromagnetic environment is frequently dealt with simulation tools. Due to the increasing complexity of structures, more and more efficient simulation methods are required. Currently, the most widely used basic method for solving unsteady Maxwell's equations is the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) technique based on Yee's scheme [1] which is computationally very efficient. This is partly due to the fact that it is based on a Cartesian mesh requiring little storage and few operations at each time iteration. However, this requirement for Cartesian meshes brings difficulties when dealing with curved geometries and leads to an inaccuracy in field computation in their vicinities. Other methods, such as finite-volume time-domain (FVTD) techniques, have thus been studied using unstructured meshes composed of tetrahedral cells [2]. The disadvantage of these methods is their rather high computational and memory cost compared to Yee's approach. A natural idea is then to use a hybrid Cartesian/unstructured mesh with a limited area of tetrahedral cells around the object. Previous studies have proposed different hybridization methods between FVTD and FDTD schemes but without necessarily ensuring stability [3].


Introduction:It has been proven twice that the Hambantota District has the highest life expectancy in male population. This study focused to find and identify reasons for Hambantota District people to have high life expectancy at birth. Methodology: Research was carried out in both qualitative and quantitative phases in five MOH (Medical Health Officer) divisions in Hambantota District. Study focused on 3 age categories, 55-65 Years, 66-75 Years, and above 76 Years. Main objectives and key information areas are Life Style and Social Behaviors, Food Consumption and Diet, Familial Trait and Physical and Mental Health. Results: Majority of the male population have educated up to grade 5 and most are engaged in the agriculture while others engaged in fishery and self-employment etc. Almost everyone reachestheir workplaces by foot or by bicycle. Many of them work less than six hours. They spend their free time with their family members and watch TV. Most of them do not consume alcohol and smoke. Almost everyone take part in social activities. Majority eat red rice for all three meals. Almost everyone eats fish every day. They have a high salt intake. Their parents and ancestors have also have had a high life expectancy. Only a minority suffer from chronic illnesses. They all have a good physical and mental health condition. They spend happy and relaxed lifestyle. Conclusion: Healthy diet, low alcohols consumption and smoking, high iodine intake, physical activeness and their social well being effect for high life expectancy within the male population of selected five MOH divisions in Hambantota District. They have a free and happy life. Genetics of these people also may contribute for high life expectancy. Abundance of neem trees in this area also may effect on their high life expectancy.


We describe a case of an unusual tongue hamartoma associated with ectrodactyly‐ectodermal dysplasia‐clefting syndrome in a 3‐month‐old white female infant. The lesion was composed of a mixture of salivary glands, adipose tissue, smooth muscle and skeletal muscle in a haphazard fashion. Lingual hamartomas are rare and can present a clinical differential diagnostic problem. We review the literature on this unique combination of malformations.


The invention provides a method for preparing ferric chloride. Iron oxide red of a byproduct of a Ruzina method and acid solution serve as the used raw materials. The preparation process comprises the following steps of: (1) calculating a liquid-to-solid ratio: calculating the amount of the iron oxide red of the byproduct added into the acid solution according to the acid content of the acid solution and the purity of the iron oxide red of the byproduct; (2) performing catalytic oxidation: adding the iron oxide red of the byproduct into the acid solution in the solid-to-liquid ratio to obtaina mixture; mixing and heating the mixture to the temperature of between 60 and 70 DEG C; adding a compound catalyst into the mixture; heating the mixture to the temperature of between 75 and 99 DEG C; preserving heat for 1 to 2 hours; and cooling the obtained liquid after filtering; and (3) performing secondary oxidation: heating the liquid to the temperature of between 80 and 95 DEG C again, blasting air and preserving the heat for 30 minutes to 1 hour to obtain a liquid ferric chloride (FeCl3) product. Due to the adoption of the compound catalyst, the reaction speed is accelerated, the reaction temperature is reduced, and the production energy consumption is reduced; and due to the second oxidation process, most of ferrite is completely converted into FeCl3. The method for preparing theferric chloride has the advantages of simple production process, low cost, zero discharge, no pollution, few impurities in the product and high purity.


Introduction : Many factors concomitantly influence quality of life of the patients with chronic schizophrenia in a long-stay psychiatric facility. Appropriate selection of antipsychotics and intensity of their harmful effects have significant influence on life quality of these patients. The aim of this study was to identify the most significant factors which have effect on the life quality of the patients with chronic schizophrenia. Methods: The study included 102 beneficiaries at the Institution for Accommodation of Adults "Male Pcelice" Kragujevac. The patients were interviewed in a single, selected day by using the questionnaire issued by World Health Organization. The specified data were obtained from health files of the beneficiaries. Results: The patients who were receiving only atypical antipsychotic had better physical health quality of life score in comparison to those who received the combination of antipsychotics (77.14 vs. 68.57; U = 332.0; p = 0.02) There was statistically significant difference in the domain of mental health quality of life depending on the group of antipsychotics which were administered (31.96 vs. 55.27 vs. 49.46; c2 = 7.02; p = 0.03). Conclusion : the patients who were receiving atypical antipsychotics had better life quality in comparison to those who received typical antipsychotics, possible due to better safety profile of atypical antipsychotics and better feeling of individual pleasure.


To extract the most information from an ensemble forecast, users would need to consider the possible impacts of every member in the ensemble. However, not all users have the resources to do this. Many may opt to consider only the ensemble mean and possibly some measure of spread around the mean. This provides little information about potential worst-case scenarios. We explore different methods to extract worst-case scenarios from an ensemble forecast, for a given definition of severity of impact: taking the worst member of the ensemble, calculating the mean of the N worst members, and two methods that use a statistical tool known as directional component analysis (DCA).We assess the advantages and disadvantages of the four methods in terms of whether they produce spatial worst-case scenarios that are not overly sensitive to the finite size and randomness of the ensemble or small changes in the chosen geographical domain. The methods are tested on synthetic data and on temperature forecasts from ECMWF. The mean of the N worst members is more robust than the worst member, while the DCA-based patterns are more robust than either. Furthermore, if the ensemble variability is well-described by the covariance matrix, the DCA patterns have the statistical property that they are just as severe as those from the other two methods, but more likely. We conclude that the DCA approach is a tool that could be routinely applied to extract worst-case scenarios from ensemble forecasts.


Airline captain Rayford Steele and his twenty-year-old daughter Chloe were left behind. Rayford's wife and their twelve-year-old son vanished. Rayford, piloting a 747 over the Atlantic en route to London, told his senior flight attendant, Hattie Durham, that he didn't know what had happened. The terrifying truth was that he knew all too well. His wife had warned him of this very event. Christ had come to take away his own, and the rest, Rayford and Chloe included, had been left behind.


Shelton Woods' concise history textbook, The Story of Việt Nam, brings readers from the prehistory of Việt Nam to the present, ending in the 1990s. His volume offers snapshots of the major events in Vietnamese history. Its brevity and the author's style of writing is appropriate for American high schoolers or non-specialist college students interested in the history of Việt Nam. However, it does not reflect the latest developments in scholarship on Vietnam, making it inappropriate for a college class on Vietnamese history. Woods' short history of Việt Nam achieves much in some eighty pages: it highlights the major political developments of Việt Nam's nearly 4,000 years of history, while introducing important facets of Vietnamese culture. The strength of its narrative lies in his treatment of post-1945 Vietnamese history. Woods has a nuanced understanding of the Việt Nam wars (1945–75), whereby he highlights the complexities of anti-colonial struggle and competing visions of Vietnameseness against the backdrop of Cold War politics. It is also significant that he continues beyond 1975, fostering understanding of Việt Nam as a country, not a war. This understanding is further fostered through Woods's snippets on Vietnamese culture — on, for instance, the importance of Buddhism. His style of writing also attempts to engage with an American audience. In describing the size of Vietnam, he describes it as "slightly smaller than New Mexico" (p. 5). He also uses metaphors like "[a]s at the beginning of a sporting event, most people are supportive and enthusiastic at the outset of a war" (p. 46). While I do not personally find these comparisons and metaphors useful, they might be engaging for its intended audience. I would not recommend this text for use in a specialist class on Vietnamese history. Its brevity has its limitations. For example, Woods' history of Việt Nam is ethnic-Vietnamese (kinh) centric. There is little room in his narrative for the Chams in the fourteenth


In a careful Raman spectroscopic study on the high pressure δ phase or nitrogen we have observed an anomalous break in the slope of the vibrational Raman shift as a function of temperature. We interpret this as a second-order phase transition due to an orientational localization of the molecules, a phenomenon which has not previously been detected experimentally. Our results explain the change above 12 GPa in the experimental compressibility at room temperature measured by Olijnyk. The interpretation is consistent with the results of computer simulations


Genetically diabetic KK mice develop spontaneous chemical diabetes with thickened capillary basement membranes and human-like diabetic microangiopathy. These alterations are preceded by a stage of gen


This paper shows empirically that financial analysts can increase the firm-specific information embedded in stock prices, and thus promote A-share market efficiency. However, as the quality of information disclosure for listed company deteriorates, additional firm-specific information offered by analysts never decreases, indicating analysts' information source may include insider information, which harms the fairness of capital market in China. Strict regulation on analysts' involvement in insider information, and more incentives for analysts to publish firm-specific information should further improve the market efficiency.


We live in an artificially lit world, where light enhances our productivity and improves our quality of life. Today our appetite for light is stronger than ever, and emerging light-emitting technol ...


Abstract : Operation THOR was a seven-day SLAM operation which took place in a portion of the Demilitarized Zone and lower Route Package I from 1 through 7 July 1968. It demonstrated the awesome amount of ordnance (a "ton a minute") that could be delivered by a joint-service exercise into a small geographic area over a short-time span Coordination and communications in Operation THOR were benefited from lessons learned in previous SLAM operations (Operations NEUTRALIZE and HEADSHED), and from preplanning conferences; however, post-operation critiques revealed there were strides to be made in these areas, at least insofar as multi-service exercises were concerned. The air effort in THOR was labeled an unqualified success by U.S. Marine commanders in northern I Corps Tactical Zone, largely upon the basis of "inferred BDA" and the reduction in enemy artillery, antiaircraft artillery (AAA), and shore battery fires Air Force planners, however, were concerned about the possibility that an inordinate amount of sorties may have been employed to achieve unknown effects. Several reviews of Operation THOR photography failed to substantiate the BDA claimed by III MAF; the question arose as to whether the effort was really worthwhile, and whether the sorties could have been used to better effect elsewhere.


Numerous airborne electromagnetic surveys have been acquired in Australia using a variety of systems. It is not uncommon to find two or more surveys covering the same ground, but acquired using different systems and at different times. Being able to combine overlapping datasets and get a spatially coherent resistivity-depth image of the ground can assist geological interpretation, particularly when more subtle geophysical responses are important. Combining resistivity-depth models obtained from the inversion of airborne electromagnetic (AEM) data can be challenging, given differences in system configuration, geometry, flying height and preservation or monitoring of system acquisition parameters such as waveform. In this study, we define and apply an approach to overlapping AEM surveys, acquired by fixed wing and helicopter time domain electromagnetic (EM) systems flown in the vicinity of the Goulds Dam uranium deposit in the Frome Embayment, South Australia, with the aim of mapping the basement geometry and the extent of the Billeroo palaeovalley. Ground EM soundings were used to standardise the AEM data, although results indicated that only data from the REPTEM system needed to be corrected to bring the two surveys into agreement and to achieve coherent spatial resistivity-depth intervals. Combining resistivity-depth models obtained from the inversion of airborne electromagnetic data can be challenging, but spatially coherent resistivity-depth images of the ground can assist geological interpretations. We use ground EM data to standardise AEM data so as to be able to combine overlapping AEM datasets acquired with different systems.


The development of unexpected red blood cell antibodies can significantly complicate transfusion therapy and result in more difficulties in cross-matching of blood. This study aimed to determine the occurrence rate of red blood cell alloimmunization in patients from Nanjing and the surrounding area. The antibody screening tests were carried out on 604 patients in Nanjing Red Cross Blood Center from January 2014 to December 2016, and the results were compiled and statistically analyzed. In the 604 patients, 483 cases revealed autoantibodies with or without underlying alloantibodies, while 121 patients had only alloantibodies in their serum. The overall frequency of alloimmunization was 32.5%. The most frequent antibodies were what against the Rh systerm(72.39%), followed by MN system (25.71%).


The present invention provides an apparatus for separating oil mist, can improve the ability to separate oil mist from blow-by gas. Attached to the oil unit (3) of the filter element (13) having a core (31). The core material is a double tube having an inner tubular member (34) and the outer tubular member (35), the space between the inner tubular member and an outer tubular member as a separation chamber (36). There is provided on the inner tubular member to improve the injection hole (39) and the injection flow rate of blow-by gas leakage. Portion of the injection hole opposite the inner wall surface of the outer tubular member in a hole injected from the injection blow-blow blow against abutment surface. Further, the core material is provided with a discharge opening and discharge the oil mist is discharged after blow-by gas discharge opening is separated in a contact surface of the blow agglomerated oil (OL) of an oil.


Taking East African popular music as our guide, this course explores the twentieth century from the perspective of musicians, singers, listeners and dancers, revealing both the particularities and universals of East Africans' histories and experiences.


In order to prepare the ground for what is to follow, we need to 'set aside' a series of assumptions which appear to underlie many studies on interpreting and to recall two factors that determined significant advances in Dialogue Interpreting (DI) research: 1. the introduction of the name "dialogue interpreting" by Mason (1999, 2009) and the consequent elaboration of the "dialogic discourse-based interaction (DI) paradigm" (Pochhacker 2004); 2. what Straniero Sergio/Falbo (2012: 28) identify as the "social or sociological turn" taken by DI.


The paper argues that lingvoculturological methodology is based on ordinary notions of special kinds, i.e "concepts-wordimages" which are not transformed into abstract concepts, but are enriched (thanks to the living, not "theorized" narrative) by the search for the meaning of life in the facts of culture.


Sub Block Parameter Name Controls Possible Values Chosen Value in_w input bit width any integer 7 corr_w correlator/output bit width any integer 12 mac_arch1 correlator architecture {0,1,2,3} 1 in_w input bit width any integer 12 out_w output bit width any integer 6 sh_w shift right bit width any integer 3 in_w input bit width any integer 6 corr_w correlator/output bit width any integer 16 mut multiplier type booth, nonbooth nonbooth


In the design and analysis of electromagnetic compatibility (EMC), the technology of establishing of behavioral modelling of the electronic module and equipments is the basis of theoretical analysis. This paper presents a comparison between the most important techniques present to address the behavioral modelling of radio-frequency equipments. The status quo and developmental trend of the behavioral modelling technology is discussed in this paper, on the foundation of which several existent behavioral models are listed and analyzed, and the principles of selecting modelling methods is given. The application of this technology in EMC is discussed at the last of this paper.


Located in the lower part of the neck, and approximately 21⁄2 inches wide, the thyroid gland regulates the rate at which the body burns food and controls the production of certain body tissues such as nails and hair. The thyroid gland also regulates body temperature, breakdown of carbohydrates, mental clarity and well-being, energy levels and even vitamin absorption. Cholesterol levels, hair texture, nail strength, suppleness or dryness of the skin and sex drive are all directly influenced by the thyroid.


The problem of scattering of SH-waves by shallow fill multiple circular cavities and the ground motion is investigated for arbitrary incident angle in this paper. The displacement solution is constructed by applying the symmetry of scattering of SH-wave and the method of multi-polar coordinate system. When wavelength of the incident wave is smaller than the radius of the circular cavities, the ground motion will be influenced greatly. There are three main factors that influence the ground motion. The first one is incident angle α_0 and the second one is incident wave number η, i.e. the ratio of radius of the circular cavities to the half wavelength of incident wave. And the last one is h_i/a_i and D_i/a_i, those are the ratio of the distance of center of the circular cavities from the horizontal interface and the distance between the centers to the radius of the circular cavities respectively. When η is larger, the amplitude of the ground motion varies fiercely and sometimes will leap and enlarge sharply. If the value of h_i/a_i increases to 10~12, and the value of D_i/a_i increases to 10, the amplitude of displacement approaches to that of the half space with single cavity, which shows that the influence of circular cavity can be ignored.


The utility model discloses an urgent danger prevention system emergency exit door which comprises a door body and a hand wheel arranged on the door body. The lower end of the hand wheel stretches into the door body, a locking mechanism capable of opening and closing the door body is arranged at the lower end of the hand wheel, the locking mechanism comprises a driving gear mounted at the bottom end of the hand wheel and a driven gear meshed with the driving gear, the driven gear is connected with a left vertical connecting rod and a right vertical connecting rod through a left auxiliary plate and a right auxiliary plate, wherein the left vertical connecting rod and the right vertical connecting rod are located on the inner left side and the inner right side of the door body. According to the structure, door catches at the edges of a door sheet are enabled to revolve around shafts of the door catches through gear transmission, and therefore the opening and closing processes of the emergency exit door are completed. When a protective system can not work normally, people trapped in a mine can escape emergently. A heat insulation material layer can prevent high temperature caused by mine disasters, and a good protecting function is achieved. The urgent danger prevention system emergency exit door is simple in structure and good in sealing performance, the requirement on escape when an urgent danger prevention system blast airtight door breaks down is met, and normal operation of an urgent danger prevention system is guaranteed.


It is shown that the two descriptions of the ages of alleles corresponding to the two formulations of the stationary infinitely-many-neutral-alleles diffusion model discussed by Ethier (1990a) are equivalent.


Scheifele(1970) applied Delaunay-Sirmlar (DS) elliptic Keplerian elements (with the true anomaly as the independent variable) to the J 2 Problem in Artificial Satellite Theory, making an element of the true anomaly. (1981) views Scheifele's TR-mapping as an extension of Hill's transformation from a 6-dimensional phase space to an enlarged, 8-dimensional one. To adapt this approach to elliptic-type two-body problems with a time-varying Keplerian parameter μ(t), Fioria (1997, §3, §4) treated a Gylden system (Deprit 1983) and derived "Delaunay-Similar" variables via a TR-like transformation. Now we extend our treatment to perturbed Gylden systems, and modify the TR-map to deal with any kind of two-body orbit. We work out our generalization and the resulting variables within a unified pattern whatever the type of motion, in terms of universal functions (Stiefel & Scheifele 1971, §11; Battin 1987, §4.5, §4.6) and auxiliary angle-like parameters.


New World monkeys are the nonhuman primates of South and Central America. Because almost all of their evolutionary history took place on the island continent of South America without competition from other primates, and most likely in a strictly arboreal setting, the character of their adaptation is unique. Fossils and molecules indicate the major lineages are long enduring, having attained diverse, stable ecological conditions quite early. Today, platyrrhine (wide-nosed) monkeys comprise the most diversified taxonomic group among anthropoids. More primitive anatomically than Old World monkeys or apes, some forms resemble early fossil anthropoids from Egypt and serve well as models for reconstructing their behaviour. Others are more like the specialised apes in their locomotor adaptations, or the modified, folivorous leaf monkeys, whereas some evoke the big-brained, extractive foraging strategies of African apes. Highly varied in their outward appearance as well, the range of social behaviours and mating strategies exhibited by platyrrhines is without equal among the primates.


This study examine the mangrove cover and distribution in Tioman and Tulai Island, Pahang.Images from Landsat-7 ETM+ of Tioman and Tulai Island were analyzed using supervised classification and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Results indicated that total of 59.895 hectares mangrove covers have been identified in both islands, with 86.49% in Tioman Island (52.7625 hectares) and 13.51% in Tulai Island (7.1325 hectares). Mangrove species have been merged into 3 major classification groups based on the spectral overlapping; Mangrove A, Mangrove Band Mangrove C. In Tioman Island, Mangrove A covers 59.91 % _(31.613 hectares) of total mangrove in the island, and Mangrove Band Mangrove C with 13.64% (7.2 hectares) and 26.43% (13.95 hectares). In Tulai Island, only Mangrove A and Mangrove B was observed. Mangrove A occupies 85.48% (6.0975 hectares) and Mangrove B covers 14.51 % (1.035 hectares). Total of 16 mangrove species was found consist of exclusive and non exclusive species; an indication of high mangrove diversity and species richness in both islands. Remote sensing and_GIS application found to be useful as the technology allowed monitoring and mapping large scale area of mangrove forest.


of the Master's thesis Author: Umer Javed Name of the thesis: Frequency hopping in wireless sensor networks Date: March 2009 Number of pages: 58 Faculty: Faculty of Electronics, Communications and Automation Professorship: S-72 Communications Engineering Supervisor: Professor Riku Jäntti Instructor: M.Sc. Aamir Mahmood Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are nowadays being used to collectively gather and spread information in different kinds of applications, for military, civilian, environmental as well as commercial purposes. Therefore the proper functioning of WSNs under different kinds of environmental conditions, especially hostile environments, is a must and a lot of research currently ongoing. The problems related to the initialization and deployment of WSNs under harsh and resource limited conditions are investigated in this thesis. Frequency hopping (FH) is a spread spectrum technique in which multiple channels are used, or hoped, for communications across the network. This mitigates the worst effects of interference with frequency agile communication systems rather than by brute force approaches. FH is a promising technique for achieving the coexistence of sensor networks with other currently existing wireless systems, and it is successful within the somewhat limited computational capabilities of the sensor nodes hardware radios. In this thesis, a FH scheme for WSNs is implemented for a pair of nodes on an application layer. The merits and demerits of the scheme are studied for different kinds of WSN environments. The implementation has been done using a Sensinode NanoStack, a communication stack for internet protocol (IP) based wireless sensor networks and a Sensinode Devkit, for an IPv6 over low power wireless personal area network (6LoWPAN). The measurements are taken from the developed test bed and channel simulator for different kinds of scenarios. The detailed analysis of the FH scheme is done to determine its usefulness against interference from other wireless systems, especially wireless local area networks (WLANs), and the robustness of the scheme to combat fading or frequency selective fading.


- In the Phase 3 LIBRETTO-431 study, Retevmo more than doubled progression-free survival (PFS) compared to chemotherapy plus pembrolizumab in patients with advanced or metastatic rearranged during transfection (RET) fusion-positive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) - In the Phase 3 LIBRETTO-531 study, Retevmo provided a 72% improvement in PFS compared to cabozantinib or vandetanib in patients with advanced or metastatic RET-mutant medullary thyroid cancer (MTC)


In this paper, we propose an ordinal deep learning approach for facial age estimation. Unlike conventional hand-crafted feature-based methods that require prior and expert knowledge, we propose an ordinal deep feature learning (ODFL) method to learn feature descriptors for face representation directly from raw pixels. Motivated by the fact that age labels are chronologically correlated and age estimation is an ordinal learning problem, our proposed ODFL enforces two criteria on the descriptors, which are learned at the top of the deep networks: 1) the topology-preserving ordinal relation is employed to exploit the order information in the learned feature space and 2) the age-difference cost information is leveraged to dynamically measure face pairs with different age value gaps. However, both the procedures of feature extraction and age estimation are learned independently in ODFL, which may lead to a sub-optimal problem. To address this, we further propose an end-to-end ordinal deep learning (ODL) framework, where the complementary information of both the procedures is exploited to reinforce our model. Extensive experimental results on five face aging datasets show that both our ODFL and ODL achieve superior performance in comparisons with most state-of-the-art methods.


A great number of researches on the analyses of Darknet traffic have been done to observe malicious activities on the Internet. However, comparison between different countries and analysis on the local characteristics of the observed attacks are not well-studied. In this paper, we analyze attacks on certain countries as well as those from certain countries with the Darknet traffic captured in 4 countries. As a result, we have confirmed an attack that is strictly contained in a particular country, namely all attacking hosts and targeted hosts are both in the same country. Such information may be useful for the country to recognize and prepare for the risk unique to it.


Regarding electrons as anyons of index αs pierced with -(m+αs) flux quanta per particle, and letting the mean field of these fluxes cancel the external magnetic field B, we obtain the filling factor ν=1/(m+αs), where m must be odd. Demanding the resulting system of anyons to exhibit "anyon supercanductivity", we obtain αs=±(1-q/n) where q is odd, and n>q is relatively prime to q. For q=1 we recover a formula due to Jain, and resolve the mystery why, for a state with ν=n/(2pn±1)<1 he requires use of the statistical correlation of n filled Landau levels. For q=3,5,⋯, we obtain the fractions 4/11, 4/13, 5/13, etc., which are missing from Jain's list. Thus this non-heirarchical approach to the non-1/m fractional quantum Hall effect has the strengths of Jain's composite-fermion approach, but not its (potential) weaknesses.


The Enterprise Resource Planner is a half-centenary giant that gained popularity in the industry-software market segment throughout the years. Influenced by the latest technology trends, such as mobility and cloud, it keeps software integration as one of its greatest challenges. The present article introduces a cloud-based Field Service Management solution, meant to empower mobility, manage workflows and enhance process automation for ERP enabled companies. Motivated by ERP vendor dependence and a limited adoption rate, the solution's objective is to design and implement optimized cloud generic integration capabilities. Using a commercial, world-wide-distributed environment as a continuous feedback and validation method, the results of our implementations show good application performance and feature offering, but rather low usability metrics and sub-optimal commercial adoption. Based on a post-implementation critical analysis of the existing integration applications and the legacy solution infrastructure, the paper proposes an improved integration strategy, zooming in from business requirements and API constraints, to application architecture and data flows that would overcome technical limitations, reduce prototyping and integration time and decrease maintenance efforts. The implementations and improvement model represent specific practical contributions to a productive, enterpriseoriented solution, proven both successful and highly competitive in respect to its market competitors.


Macrophages, the first line of defense of body against the pathogenic microbial invasion, are widely distributed in many tissues and are of great significance to improve the athletes' immune system, exercise capacities and health. However, the real regulatory mechanisms of exercise and combined with supplements on macrophages were still unclear. Furthermore, upon exercise stimuli, the actual changes and associated mechanisms of macrophages and immunoregulation are still insufficient. Moreover, how to improve the functional performance of macrophages by means of exercise supplements during exercise remains unknown. Therefore, in the current study, we made a systematic review of the current research on the relationship between exercise and macrophages by employing literature inquire, with the aim at the theoretical system to sort out the relationship between the two frameworks and the relationship to supply some theoretical basis.


The Berkeley Compact Toroid Experiment (BCTX) is a device which creates free standing plasma rings known as spheromaks. The spheromak is a magnetic confinement configuration, similar to the tokamak, with both toroidal and poloidal magnetic field components. During creation of the plasma ring, currents flowing in a radial direction in the plasma interact with the toroidal magnetic field to create a force (the J x B force) on the plasma ring. The plasma ring is then accelerated along the length of the gun into a copper cage known as a flux conserver. The flux conserver used in BCTX is of the mesh variety and is in the shape of an oblate spheroid with a diameter of 70 cm. It consists of 5 toroidal and 16 poloidal hoops and is constructed of 0.5-inch copper rods. Magnetic fields in the plasma induce currents in the rods of the flux conserver (called image currents), which in turn set up magnetic fields which help stabilize the plasma. Typical plasma lifetimes are on the order of 100 {mu}s, and plasma temperatures and densities are estimated to be approximately 5 eV and 10{sup 20} m{sup {minus}3} respectively. The authors have measured internal magnetic fields of 1-2more » kG, using {dot B} probes. The authors were able to observe the m=1 mode toroidal instability in the plasma rings using the Rogowski coils. They were not able to observe higher order modes because of the limited number of coils and the short lifetime of the plasma. However, since the Rogowski coils do not penetrate the plasma and therefore do not offer significant perturbation in plasma parameters, they hope to be able to use these Rogowski coils (as well as possibly obtaining others) to determine magnetic field amplitudes. This should enable them to eliminate the current magnetic probes which do penetrate the plasma, introducing impurities and perturbing plasma parameters.« less


Micrografting of apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) was achieved by placing a 0.1 to 0.2 mm scion explant derived either from field-grown or in vitro-grown shoot apices on the hypocotyl of a decapitated 15 day-old seedling. Under asceptic conditons, the scion and hypocotyl unite to form a complete plant which produces 4 to 6 leaves after 6 weeks. These plants were transplanted to sterile vermiculite and conditioned to ambient humidity for 1 week and then transplanted to soil. This technique was used to obtain virus-free plants from virus-infected plants.


Objective
To evaluate the effects of lentivirus-delivered short hairpin RNA (shRNA) targeting human papillomavirus 16 (HPV16) E7 gene on the expression of 4 kinds of DNA methyl-transferases (DNMTs) , including DNMT1, DNMT3A, DNMT3B and DNMT3L, in HPV16-positive cervical cancer cell line SiHa.

Methods
The recombinant plasmid containing HPV16 E7 gene-targeting shRNA was constructed firstly. Then, the BLOCK-iTTM lentiviral RNAi expression system kit was used to package the lentiviral vector, which was transfected into 293T cells. The lentivirus-containing supernatants were collected at 48 and 72 hours after transfection. The SiHa cells were divided into 3 groups to be cultured with lentiviral supernatant containing HPV16 E7 gene-targeting shRNA recombinant plasmids mixed with complete medium at a ratio of 1∶1 (shRNA group) , lentiviral supernatant containing empty plasmids mixed with complete medium at a ratio of 1∶1 (negative control group) , and complete medium alone (blank control group) , respectively. Real-time fluorescence-based quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) was performed to measure mRNA expression of HPV16 E7 and 4 kinds of DNMTs in the above 3 groups at 0, 48, 96 hours after infection, and Western blot analysis to determine protein expression of the 4 DNMTs at 48, 96 hours after infection.

Results
There were no significant differences in the mRNA expression of HPV16 E7 and the 4 DNMTs among the shRNA group, negative control group and blank control group at 0 hour after infection (all P > 0.05) . At 48, 96 hours after infection, the mRNA expression of HPV16 E7 and the 4 DNMTs decreased significantly in the shRNA group compared with the negative control group and blank control group (all P 0.05) . Additionally, E7, DNMT1, DNMT3A, DNMT3B and DNMT3L gene-silencing efficiencies in the shRNA group were 71.13%, 50.53%, 13.72%, 46.27% and 17.92% at 48 hours, and 83.50%, 74.2%, 47.8%, 64.7% and 48.9% at 96 hours after infection, respectively. Western blot analysis showed that the protein expression of the 4 DNMTs significantly decreased in the shRNA group compared with the negative control group and blank control group at 48, 96 hours after infection (all P < 0.01) . Moreover, the protein expression of DNMT1, DNMT3A, DNMT3B and DNMT3L in the shRNA group gradually decreased over time, and was inhibited by 84%, 37.2%, 59.8% and 49.3% at 48 hours respectively, and by 73.1%, 68.7%, 55.5% and 65.5% at 96 hours after infection respectively.

Conclusion
Targeted silencing of E7 gene in HPV16-positive SiHa cells can interfere with the mRNA and protein expression of DNMT1, DNMT3A, DNMT3B and DNMT3L.

Key words:
Human papillomavirus 16; Papillomavirus E7 proteins; RNA, small interfering; Methyl-transferases; Cell line, tumor


The proposal of the strategic concept of "harmonious society" is an important embodiment of the Party's building an all-round well-off society and implementing a scientific development viewpoint.The perfection of the constitutional system is essential,equality and fairness are the key value orientation of building harmonious society,the transformation of the government's authority is internal requirements.While the practice of constitution requires that the social members improve their conceptual awareness.Social members call for equality and fairness,while the government is the guarantee of this public product.To fulfill this task,the government needs to transform its authority and put more efforts into public service.


In the article are analyzed capitalization conditions of AVECT and a problem of modernization AVECT realization. The author leads arguments against a formalistic approach to modernization which is rather extended now and includes algorithmization and computerization of administrative function and decision-making process; it is underlined the necessity of the analysis of work organization system concept of the enterprise and development of the given concept originally at mental level.


The recent dramatic expansion of activity in physics education research among AAPT members has not been matched by commensurate increases in publication venues. Although the impact of this research field within the broader physics community has sharply increased, the viability of its continued existence is dependent upon substantially expanded publication opportunities in the near future. The American Journal of Physics has served for three decades as the primary publication venue for results in physics education research. An increased number of pages devoted to physics education research is consistent both with AJP's historical role and with the greater prominence in recent years of the PER community within AAPT. We recommend (1) considering PER submissions to the main section of AJP on a par with submissions in other subject areas, (2) increasing the number of pages allocated to the PER Section, and (3) allowing the option of increasing the publication frequency of the PER Section from its present rate. Introduction: Evaluating and improving the teaching and learning of physics is a prime concern for a large proportion of all physicists, and is the central focus of the AAPT. Significant numbers of physicists have begun to apply to the problems involved in teaching and learning physics the same systematic methods of research and analysis they have employed so successfully in investigating the physical world. They have carried out detailed, systematic, and reproducible studies involving the collection and analysis of data reflecting student thinking and performance. This endeavor, broadly known by the term " physics education research " (PER), has in recent years undergone rapid expansion both in the numbers of physicists involved, and in the recognition and impact of its results within the broader physics community.


I present a new approach to evolutionary search called novelty search, wherein only behavioral novelty is rewarded, thereby abstracting evolution as a search for novel forms. This new approach contrasts with the traditional approach of rewarding progress towards the objective through an objective function. Although they are designed to light a path to the objective, objective functions can instead deceive search into converging to dead ends called local optima. As a significant problem in evolutionary computation, deception has inspired many techniques designed to mitigate it. However, nearly all such methods are still ultimately susceptible to deceptive local optima because they still measure progress with respect to the objective, which this dissertation will show is often a broken compass. Furthermore, although novelty search completely abandons the objective, it counterintuitively often outperforms methods that search directly for the objective in deceptive tasks and can induce evolutionary dynamics closer in spirit to natural evolution. The main contributions are to (1) introduce novelty search, an example of an effective search method that is not guided by actively measuring or encouraging objective progress; (2) validate novelty search by applying it to biped locomotion; (3) demonstrate novelty search's benefits for evolvability (i.e. the ability of an organism to further evolve) in a variety of domains; (4) introduce an extension of novelty search called minimal criteria novelty search that brings a new abstraction of natural evolution to evolutionary computation (i.e. evolution as a search for many ways of


Based on the Relevance Theory and Ostensive-inferential Communication Mode,the paper presents a tentative cognitive mode involving relationship among different elements of pragmatic presupposition.The mode shows that the communicative process is one of pragmatic presupposition and inference,relevance is the premise of pragmatic presupposition,communicative intention is the basis of pragmatic presupposition,and cognitive environment is the foundation in constructing and identifying pragmatic presupposition.It presents the dynamic characteristics of pragmatic presupposition.


Objective: To compare the infrared radiation spectrums of Taibai(Sp3) between the patients of coronary heart disease and healthy people.Methods: A high-sensitive detecting device of infrared radiation was applied to observe the infrared radiation spectrum of Taibai(Sp3) from 1.5~15.9μm in 47 healthy people and 48 patients with coronary heart disease.Results: The shape of the infrared radiation spectrum of Taibai of the patients with coronary heart disease is similar to that of healthy people.There is significant difference in some wavelength between the healthy and the patient.Conclusion:There is pathological information in the infrared radiation spectrum of Taibai(Sp3) in patient with coronary heart disease.


High degree suspicion is mandatory in dealing with a post-operative patient presenting with a crampy postprandial abdominal pain, as potential for internal hernias remains fairly under diagnosed. Except in setting of small bowel obstruction or gangrene and radiological proven internal hernia, intervening a patient with herald symptoms is still debatable, though certain authors advocate that in lap. Roux-en Y gastric bypass patients with herald symptoms should promptly be offered elective laparoscopic exploration elective repair safely and expeditiously.


Passive radar provides a means of spectrum sharing in a congested environment. In passive radar, the radar design problem is one of emitter selection, rather than waveform optimisation. This study combines relevant criteria (signal-to-noise ratio, ambiguity function integrated sidelobes, effective multistatic resolution area and contrast ratio) in a multiobjective optimisation to select subsets of available emitters for passive multistatic synthetic aperture radar (SAR). Extensions to well-known monostatic and bistatic performance criteria are defined for the multistatic SAR case. Assumed limitations in the number of available receiver channels constrain the emitter selection. The proposed emitter selection framework is demonstrated for a simulated scenario of 24 analogue and digital emitters, with a constraint of four receiver channels. Results indicate that the proposed ranking successfully differentiates between emitter sets resulting in good images and those sets resulting in poor images, providing a first step towards formulating a general image quality equation for multistatic SAR.


We investigate the sensitivity of stress inversion from focal mechanisms to pore pressure changes. Synthetic tests reveal that pore pressure variations can cause apparent changes in the retrieved stress ratio R relating the magnitude of the intermediate principal stress with respect to the maximum and minimum principal stresses. Pore pressure and retrieved R are negatively correlated when R is low (R < 0.6). The spurious variations in retrieved R are suppressed when R > 0.6. This observation is independent of faulting style, and it may be related to different performance of the fault plane selection criterion and variability in orientation of activated faults under different pore pressures. Our findings from synthetic data are supported by results obtained from induced seismicity at The Geysers geothermal field. Therefore, the retrieved stress ratio variations can be utilized for monitoring pore pressure changes at seismogenic depth in stress domains with overall low R.


Experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (EAMG) induced in rabbits by immunisation with purified nicotinic acetylcholine receptor from Torpedo marmorata is a highly reproducible model for the human disease. Pretreatment of experimental animals with immune complexes containing receptor and anti-receptor antibodies suppressed the subsequent induction of EAMG. Animals were protected from the normal severe paralysis. Moreover, antibody levels were reduced by synthesis of antibody rapidly terminated. Possible mechanisms are discussed.


IMO enforce new regulation known as IMO 2020 Sulphur Cap which limits the sulphur content in the fuel oil used onboard ships. This new global sulphur cap is a significant challenge for the shipping industry. The compliance options may be classified into three main options: using alternative fuels, low-sulphur fuel oil, and scrubbers. Each option comes with some advantages and disadvantages which creates a trade-off between the options. Some options may require a higher initial investment in terms of capital expenses, and some are more expensive during operations than others. A comparison analysis will be conducted with respect to the environmental and economic aspects.


Abstract : The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of the current Officer Effectiveness Report (OER) system on the junior officers of the United States Air Force. A survey of the attitudes, opinions, and perceptions of 537 Air University Students indicates that the new OER system has solved old problems and, at the same time, created new problems. The new problems can lead to demotivation and dissatisfaction, which could decrease the Air Force mission effectiveness.


In 1975 drilling activity in all 3 CSD Districts covered by this report was at essentially the same level as in 1974; however, there was a marked improvement in success ratios for both exploration and development drilling. Smackover exploration in Arkansas was active, but there was some shift of emphasis to shallow Cretaceous traps. The Smackover ''State Line Play,'' the Hosston and Cotton Valley Sand plays of the uplift and basin, and the multitude of shallow plays were dominant in Louisiana. Almost every geographic part of East Texas is being explored for one or more key objectives, with a possible new trend being added-- the updip Smackover pinchout. All 3 areas saw successful exploration and development activity in 1975. Drilling activity should remain at about the same level in 1976, continuing exploration trends already established and with continued high success ratios.


The refracted near-field (RNF) and the reflection methods for profiling optical fibers have been compared. It is found that in experimental configurations these two methods are similar. A slight modification to an experimental setup enables us to perform both the RNF and the reflection measurements. The most important difference between these methods is the higher spatial resolution of the RNF method resulted from the fact that the fiber under test is overfilled. In this paper the normal incidence approximation in the reflection measurement method is corrected and the probe beam is launched into the fiber using focusing optics with a numerical aperture (NA) exceedingly larger than the fiber's NA. This permits us to reach a spacial resolution in the reflection measurement comparable to that in the RNF method.


Just how do you teach cloud computing? It requires substantial hands-on applications and is constantly evolving--thus it presents some unique challenges for educators.


Objectives The purpose of this study is to investigate the characteristics of inpatients who were admitted to Korean medicine hospital due to shoulder pain. Methods Characteristics of four hundred ten shoulder pain inpatients of single institution from 2011 to 2013 were retrospectively reviewed through medical charts. Results Patients showed different characteristics in sex, age, motives, interval between onset and admission day, first occurrence or not, related medical history before admission, usage of west medication, admission days, treatment results, radiological examinations by shoulder pain disease groups. Accordingly, Korean medical treatment such as acupuncture, moxibustion, external treatment, cupping therapy, physiotherapy, herb-medication varied with the characteristics of shoulder pain disease groups. Conclusions Through retrospective medical charts review, characteristics of 410 single institution shoulder pain inpatients showed distinctive features and versatile Korean medicine treatments by disease groups. It is expected that this study would accelerate multi-institutional and large scale characteristic review of shoulder pain patients, which would raise reconsideration and expand boundary of Korean medicine.


This study examines the relationship between language maintenance patterns of Turkish immigrants in two different contexts and their ethnolinguistic vitality perceptions. It appears that mainstream society?s attitudes towards the minority groups affects the language maintenance patterns and ethnolinguistic vitality perceptions of the ethnic minority. As documented in this study, Turkish immigrants in Australia have low ethnolinguistic vitality perceptions but their language maintenance is as strong as that of Turkish immigrants in Germany, where Turkish appears to have more vitality.


The need for a healthy and sustainable environment into hope everyone all the time. The development of rapid development as a result of the fulfillment of the needs  of  life  with  varying  levels  of  need  have  an  impact  on  the  use  and management of the environment. Based on this paradigm and the use of environmental management is expected to meet the needs of the present without compromising the rights needs of future generations. Governments in the concept of the welfare  state law permitted  to intervene  in an effort  to meet the public welfare through  licensing  instrument  is intended  as a means of preventing  the destruction of the environment.


T HE OUTSTANDING CONTRIBUTION to philoophical and theological thought that Bernard Lonergan as made over the last few decades has not gone unnoticed. Indeed, considerable attention has been paid over the years to his work in such areas as cognitional analysis, epistemology, philosophical theology, and, most recently, method in theology. Less consideration has been given to his contributions in the field of ethics. An important element in the development of Lonergan's ethical thought has been his reflections on value.1 Inasmuch as these reflections are at once not only strikingly original but also deeply rooted in the best of traditional and modern philosophical thought, they have the potential for making a major contribution to the task of clarifying the foundation for a contemporary ethic. However, because Lonergan's reflections on value have developed significantly over many years, and because they have not been presented as a whole in an explicit, systematic integration, their full potential has never been readily available. It is my intention in this brief article, then, to lay out in an explicit way the key elements and basic pattern of Lonergan's developing reflections on value. This article will not attempt to present a complete exposition of anything like "Lonergan's Theory of Value " ; rather, it will concentrate on two central issues in the development of Lonergan's reflections on this topic: first, the explicit introduction of a transcendental notion of value, and, .secondly, the relation of value and feelings.