In the recent financial crisis period, when traditional economic organizations were not able to meet stakeholders' expectations, not-for profit organizations such as cooperatives became an optimal solution as they are expected to serve social and economic performance simultaneously. This theoretical assumption is questioned based on the downturn pressures that may weaken cooperatives' social performance in favor of economic performance. This degeneration process is countered by some traditional cooperatives that have developed regeneration dynamics. The aim of our study is to explore how small and medium cooperatives face degeneration and develop regeneration dynamics in periods of crisis. To fulfill the objective of the article, four small and medium Basque and Breton cooperatives are studied in depth.


The decongestive lymphatic therapy is recommended by the International Society of Lymphology, the International Union of Phlebology and the International Lymphoedema Framework as the conservative treatment of choice in the lymphedema patients. This method enables effective treatment even in patients with difficult and complicated lymphedema. We present a case of a young man with a massive, primary right lower limb lymphedema, effectively treated with the DLT.


In-line holography involves a very simple data recording procedure. However, the image obtained from the in-line hologram suffers from a high degree of interference with the unwanted holographic outputs. The proposed techniques of digital image reconstitution provide convenient solutions to this problem compared to those attempted in optics. Various techniques for suppressing the interfering holographic outputs are given. In particular, the feasibility of using the volume hologram principle to reduce the twin image and autocorrelation interferences is demonstrated. Experimental validations are given at microwave and ultrasonic frequencies.


This work presents studies on electrical properties of nanocomposites of low density polyethylene (LDPE) filled with graphene nanoplatelets (GnP) of different content. As compared to pure LDPE, significant reductions of the conductivity are found for the composites at relatively low electric fields (<20 kV/mm). A crossover effect is however seen at higher fields (>20 kV/mm), where a strongfield dependentnon-linear behavior dominates, yielding higher conduction currents that increase with increasing filler content. Results of investigations of dielectric response confirm the differences found in polarization currents during the measurements of dc conductivity.


Method for detecting the steering activity of a driver of a fitted with a force acting on the steering of the motor vehicle driver assistance system motor vehicle, in a first block (1) the manual steering torque applied by the driver to the steering wheel (FM) is determined, the manual steering torque (FM) is differentiated, and the amount of the differentiated manual steering torque is the steering torque speed (LMV), which (with a predetermined first threshold S1 ) is compared, so that the value of a first boolean variable (B1) obtained as a result of the comparison, in a second block (5), the control torque exerted by the driver assistance system to the steering (RM) is determined, the control torque (RM) is differentiated, and the amount of the differentiated control torque (RM), the control torque velocity (RMV) yields (from the control torque speed RMV ) a steering torque change limit (LMG) is derived, and the steering torque speed (LMV) and the steering torque change limit (LMG) for determining the value of a second Boolean variable (B1) is compared, and from a logical combination (11) of the first and second Boolean variables (B1, B2) is derived, whether the driver has grasped the steering wheel or not.


Christiansen, L.I, 2002. Preparation, analysis and cholesterol lowering effect of a novel microcrystalline β-sitosterol suspension in oil and phase behaviour of β-sitosterol with cholesterol. Dissertationes Biocentri Viikki Universitatis Helsingiensis 11/2002, pp. 54 ISBN 952-10-0508-4 (print) ISBN 952-10-0509-2 (pdf) ISSN 1239-9469 Few efforts have been made to formulate preparations suitable for oral administration of free plant sterols. Technological problems are associated with free crystalline plant sterols due to their poor solubility in oil and insolubility in water and relatively large daily doses. Crystallisation of anhydrous and hydrated cholesterol crystals in several environments, including physiological conditions, has been widely studied. On the contrary, few structural studies concerning free crystalline β-sitosterol or other plant sterols have been published. In the present study, preparation and analyses of a novel microcrystalline β-sitosterol suspension in oil and its cholesterol lowering effect is described. In addition, different pseudopolymorphic forms of β-sitosterol are characterised and phase behaviour of a βsitosterol-cholesterol binary system in aqueous as well as in non-aqueous environments is studied. β-sitosterol was observed to exist in three different pseudopolymorphic forms with different water contents: anhydrated, hemihydrated and monohydrated crystals. β-sitosterol suspensions in oil were prepared by adding water to supersaturated sterol in oil solutions. Addition of water to the composition resulted in a decrease in sterol solubility in oil and in the formation of monohydrated needle-shaped crystals instead of plate-like anhydrous crystals. Needle-shaped particles formed structured suspensions with shear thinning behaviour. A high sterol concentration resulted in high supersaturation and thus in formation of microcrystalline (crystal length ≈ 10 μm) crystals. Microcrystalline β-sitosterol suspension in oil lowered effectively serum cholesterol levels in hypercholesterolemic subjects and the effect was comparable to earlier results with fat-soluble esterified plant sterols and stanols. A daily dose of 1.5 g plant sterol in microcrystalline form was enough to reach the significant cholesterol lowering effect. β-sitosterol and cholesterol exhibited solid solubility over a wide range of different proportions. The crystal structure, thermal behaviour and habit of the mixed crystals varied with composition. Cholesterol, β-sitosterol, and the mixed crystals formed anhydrous crystals in the absence of water and monohydrated crystals in the presence of water. The presence of β-sitosterol decreased the total sterol solubility in the aqueous system. Thus, the presence of plant sterols may facilitate the crystallisation of cholesterol in physiological environments. On the basis of the present study, it is quite evident that crystallisation of sterols in the lumen of intestine may lead to restricted absorption of cholesterol and thus cause a decrease in serum cholesterol levels.


Because the automatic on-line monitoring system for water quality of Wusong Kou is built in Huangpu river estuary located at tidal river course,that river features high sediment concentration and small particle size can extremely lead to pipeline sediment deposition of equipment,algae growth,which influences normal operation of the system,improvement was made on automatic on-line monitoring technology for water quality.The system after improvement prevents influence of river bed silt from sampling water quality,water sample pretreatment adopts second level sedimentation techniques,system pipeline and filter equipment are added functions of sediment removal,cleaning and algae removal. Water sample after processing can keep physicochemical property,offer good comparability,thus guaranteeing accuracy and reliability of automatic monitoring data.


This paper explains three words in Chinese buddhism scripture Da Zang Jing(大藏经): Ju(局), Ku(酷), Lian(练) , It also triesto finds out their etymology.


To prolong the life of ZigBee networks is an important goal to design ZigBee routing protocol.Ant Colony Optimization-Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector Routing(ACO-AODV) based on energy management routing protocol was proposed,which can keep the good network performance and extend the life of ZigBee networks.The simulation results show that ACO-AODV algorithm is feasible and energy-saving.This approach can maintain a low delay of the average end-to-end data packet while effectively reducing energy consumption,so the design goals of low energy consumption and low-delay are achieved.


In recent years a variety of stakeholders request more disclosures of audit committees'activities. As a response, audit committees in many large companies have voluntarily enhanced the depth and scope of their disclosures in the proxy statements. However, controversy arises surrounding whether more disclosures of audit committees' activities are beneficial to investors. In 2015 the SEC started to seek comments on this issue. In this study I find that larger companies with diligent, longer-tenure, younger and more diversified audit committee members in companies with longer auditor tenure and higher total auditor fees are likely to provide more voluntary disclosures of audit committees' activities. I also find that audit committee voluntary disclosures are useful to shareholders when they vote on audit committee director elections. However, the significance and directions of the usefulness vary with the content of the disclosures. Moreover, I provide moderate evidence that shareholders are less likely to vote against auditor ratification when the audit committee provides an explanation for a change in fees paid to the independent auditor. Overall, this study provides implications for policy makers such as the SEC as they are deliberating on the revisions of audit committee reporting requirements.


In recent years, many college and university instructors have introduced new experiments to revitalize the general chemistry curriculum and attract and retain students in the sciences. In particular, laboratory experiments using modern instrumentatal techniques, normally reserved for upper-level students, are becoming more widely adopted in the first-year course because modern instrumentation can be used to demonstrate theoretical concepts taught in the lecture. Many of these laboratory exercises involve spectroscopy, which is ubiquitous in all fields of chemistry. We describe here a spectroscopy experiment developed at Providence College in which students utilize IR and NMR spectroscopy to identify the structures of three unknowns from a list of 15 carefully chosen simple organic molecules. In taking IR and NMR spectra, students learn to use state-of-the-art instrumentation that is used by practicing chemists. The unknown determination provides a framework upon which students can practice their deductive...


The "Anti-Kelikong" Movement launched by Jin Sui Daily is an important event with a historic significance. However,it is an event narrated by different discourses.This paper tries to investigate the reality of this movement by examining related texts and contextual meanings.


The solubility of Mn in different fertilizers (MnSO4.H2O-p.a., MnO2-p.a.+MnO-Ind., MnO2-Ind.+MnO-Ind., MnO2-p.a., MnO2-Ind. and MnO-Ind.) was determined using different methodologies: total content and soluble contents in water, 10% H2SO4, citric acid at 20 g L-1, diluted neutral ammonium citrate, (1+9) and DTPA at 0.005 mol L-1. The Mn solubilities in the latter three extractors were assessed after agitation of the sample for one hour and after boiling for 5 minutes. The extraction procedure using neutral ammonium citrate (1+9), at 1:100, with agitation for one hour, was shown to be the most adequate to assess the availability of Mn in fertilizers.


Nicolas Repp is head of the IT architectures research group at the Multimedia Communications Lab at Technische Universität Darmstadt. His research focuses on the management of distributed workflows, the monitoring of service quality as well as IT governance in large heterogeneous systems. He primarily works for the E-Finance Lab Frankfurt am Main e.V. research partnership. Nicolas received a diploma in Business Informatics from Technische Universität Darmstadt.


As HPC continues its aggressive platform migration from proprietary supercomputers and Unix servers to HPC clusters, expectations grow for clusters to meet the I/O demands of increasing fidelity in CAE modeling and data management in the CAE workflow. Cluster deployments have increased as organizations seek ways to costeffectively grow compute resources for CAE applications, and during this migration many also implemented conventional network attached storage (NAS) architectures to simplify IT administration and further reduce costs. While legacy NAS implementations offer several advantages of shared file systems, most are too limited in scalability for effective management of I/O demands with parallel CAE applications. As such, a new storage migration is underway to replace legacy (serial) NAS with parallel NAS architectures and parallel file systems. This new class of parallel file system and shared storage technology was developed to scale I/O in order to extend the overall scalability of CAE simulations on clusters. This paper examines CAE motivation for shared parallel file systems and storage, for requirements of multi-physics LS-DYNA applications on conventional clusters with proper balance for I/O. Model parameters such as size, element types, schemes of implicit and explicit (and coupled), and a variety of simulation conditions can produce a wide range of computational behavior and I/O data management demands. The benefits of a Panasas storage implementation are introduced for such broad requirements, through examples of CAE workflows for a variety of production-level applications in industry.


The objective of this paper is to study the alarm signal of environment and advocates the preservation, restoration, and or improvement of natural environment and may be referred to as a movement to control pollution. In fast growing era, we exploit environment exclusively to meet our own success, advancement and expansion. Trend indicates that people are running towards quality products for which companies deplete non renewable resources to provide best customized product to be for long in this competitive world. In the desire of best we lose our most valuable inheritance. With increase in human population and great advancement in technology in the recent past, the waste materials have multiplied in amount as well as in kind, and this has resulted in contamination of environment. The contamination of environment is called pollution. The major consequences of pollution are global warming, danger level of underground water,


Dredged sandy clays are widely utilized as fill material in geotechnical projects, and their compressibility is crucial to the engineering design. It is well recognized that the compression behavior of dredged sandy clays is significantly affected by the initial water content and sand fraction. Besides, these two physical properties are usually spatially dependent due to the process of hydraulic filling. In this study, an effective compression model is formulated based on the equivalent void ratio concept. The compression curve of pure clays is first established as a reference, which depends on the initial void ratio and liquid limit. Then, the effect of sand fraction has been incorporated by directly implementing the equivalent void ratio into the reference curve. A structural variable is introduced to describe the evolving intergranular structure with coarse content and stress level. Only one additional structural parameter is required, and it can be readily calibrated by one traditional compression test. Validation shows that the model is effective in reproducing the compression behavior of dredged sandy clays with a wide range of initial water content and sand fraction. The proposed equation can provide a reasonable reference for establishing the hardening law and the corresponding general constitutive model of dredged sandy clays.


With the development of network especially the internet technology, the communication between spacecraft and ground station based on network is becoming a hot research topic. In order to link terminals between space and ground, a network architecture according to the characteristics of the RF links between space and ground, is given in this paper, which is mainly base on the IP over CCSDS protocol. A gateway is designed to exchange IP packages between space and ground systems to establish a space-ground IP network with the ability of Internet accessing. To guarantee the quality of serves (QoS), a novel flow rate control method based on characteristics of the source data is rendered. The experiment results show that the technique in the paper on space-ground network is feasible with an efficient use of the transmission channel.


The current study extends theory and research on women's beliefs about knowledge and knowing. Whereas previous research focused primarily on describing differences between domains of knowing, we focus on differences within domains. We examined individual experiences in the narratives of 8 women (ages 36–42 years) that exemplify 4 different positions in the theoretical model known as Women's Ways of Knowing (WAYS). Analyses were conducted using an interpretative phenomenological analysis. Although we found that women in our study described views on knowledge consistent with the WAYS domain of knowing in which they were classified, some aspects of the women's interviews did not fit with their given domain. Two women could be classified under the same WAYS domain and have very different ways of understanding knowledge. We conclude that a person-oriented approach to personal epistemology research adds to and enriches aggregate-level understanding of subject matter. Implications for theoretical models of epistemological development are discussed.


With the wide use of computers,the enciphering and deciphering of the files are becoming quite usual work.This paper describes the method of the public_key cryptosystem and gives a common proof of its mathematical tools,in order to make enciphering and deciphering more convenient and effective.


Two to five secretory cavities develop in the hump region of the microsporophylls of Ginkgo biloba. A developing cavity is first recognized as a spherical pocket of large, densely cytoplasmic cells (central secretory cells) in the median portion of a microsporophyll primordium. These cells degenerate and a small cavity is formed which is filled with the contents of the degenerating cells. Flattened incurved cells (parietal secretory cells) develop around the disintegrating central secretory cells and slough off into the enlarging cavity. Thus, the cavities develop by lysigeny. A mature cavity is surrounded by senescent parietal secretory cells, scanty parenchyma, and a loosely fitting epidermis. Histochemical tests indicate the presence of lipid and pectic substances in the cavities. Previous reports on the morphological interpretation and possible function role of the cavities are discussed in the light of the present investigation. INTERNAL SECRETORY STRUCTURES are a prominent anatomical feature in Ginkgo biloba. They occur as ducts of various lengths in stems, leaves, and bud scales, or as more or less isodiametric cavities in embryos and strobili. Previous investigations on the development and content of the secretory spaces in Ginkgo have been contradictory. Tunmann (1905) reported a schizo-lysigenous development, while Sprecher (1909) and Starr (1910) suggested lysigeny. Scholz (1932) reported that the ducts (in leaves) contain primarily fats, oils, and resins. However, Starr (1910), Bierhorst (1971), and Foster and Gifford (1974) refer to the secretory cavities (in the microsporophylls) as mucilage cavities. Starr (1910) also suggests that the cavities in the microsporophylls represent abortive sporangia, because of an apparent similarity between early cavity ontogeny and that of normal microsporangia. The present report represents part of an anatomical and ultrastructural investigation of the secretory cavities in the microsporophylls of Ginkgo. It deals with the anatomical development of the cavities and the histochemistry of their contents, and attempts to clarify the contradictory interpretations found in the existing literature. It also serves as a preface to a later report dealing with electron microscope investigations on cytological aspects of the secretory process in Ginkgo. MATERIALS AND METHODS-Male strobili were obtained from large trees at various times throughout the year, beginning in mid-July (the I Received for publication 11 September 1979; revision accepted 4 January 1980. time of strobilus initiation) to the time of strobilus abcission (mid-May of the following year). Whole strobili, parts of strobili, or individual microsporophylls were dissected from buds and fixed for 3-4 hr at room temperature in 4% glutaraldehyde in .15 M cacodylate buffer (pH 7.2), followed by three washes in buffer and post-fixation in 2% osmium tetroxide for 2 hr. Washing, post-fixation and dehydration were carried out at 1-2 C. Tissues were embedded in Spurr's medium, sectioned at 2-3 ,um with a steel knife on a rotary microtome (Ameele, 1976) and stained with the methylene blueazure A-safranin combination of Warmke and Lee (1976) for general observation. Selected histochemical tests were applied either to fresh cavity contents or to FAAor Craf-fixed, paraffin-embedded material (Jensen, 1962). RESULTS-The mature male strobilus of Ginkgo consists of numerous microsporophylls attached to a central axis. Each microsporophyll consists of a microsporangiophore, terminated by a hump of tissue containing the secretory cavities. The two pendant microsporangia are suspended from the hump (Fig. 1, 12). Five to ten strobili are initiated within the buds of the spur shoots in mid-July. A strobilus at first appears as a small mound-shaped structure. Within a few days small protrusions-the microsporophyll primordia-are initiated at the base of the strobilus (Fig. 2). Additional primordia are initiated acropetally, eventually covering the entire surface of the strobilus. Each primordium begins as a rounded protrusion composed of a protoderm layer (as judged by predominately anticlinal divisions) overlying a small mass of densely cytoplasmic cells


With the development of the information and intelligence sensor techonology,it is an important measure for the prison systematical administration to build the intelligent warning mechanism of management.Since the video monitoring system can't locate prisoners at any time,the use of the embedded ARM chip controls the wireless signal positioning chip,to the effect,the system called Prisoner Wireless Location Management System was designed.


had some continuity with his native religion, Judaism, and the movement following his mission, Christianity. This logic reverses the burden of proof. Dunn's antidote is simple: an episode consistent with a characteristic motif in the Jesus tradition is assumed authentic unless otherwise proved inauthentic. The appendix is helpful, despite some redundancy, as Dunn explores the perils of a literary 'default setting'. Dunn lists the characteristic features of oral tradition and then goes on to demonstrate, with evidence, that while some parallel-passage variations are better explained using a theory of literary dependency, other variations are best explained using a theory of multiple oral performances. This monograph makes a paradigm-challenging contribution to historical Jesus studies.


We describe in some detail the process of development of a dynamic model of a three wheeled vehicle using ADAMS-CAR. We first describe the rigid body model, and then the modeling of structural flexibilities. The aim of this report is to document procedural details of such modeling, with a view to presenting more research and development oriented investigations in the future. The contents of this report may also be of interest to practicing engineers engaged in multi-body dynamics modeling of wheeled vehicles.


Diagnostic features of lethal acrodermatitis in 28 bull terriers McEwan, N. A., McNeil, P. E., Thompson, H. & McCandlish, I. A. P. (2000) Diagnostic features, confirmation and disease progression in 28 cases of lethal acrodermatitis of bull terriers. Journal ofSmallAnimal Practice 41, 501-507 Skin-stretching device for closing wounds in dogs and cats Pavletic, M. M. (2000) Use of an external skin-stretching device for wound closure in dogs and cats. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 217, 350-354


The invention relates to a metal composite material preparing process and device. The production process includes the steps of metal powder material preparation, mixing, electrode pressing, electroslag smelting casting and finished products. Two or more than two kinds of metal powder are prepared according to regulated ratio and mixed on a mixing machine. The mixed metal powder is pressed to form an electrode, electroslag in a smelting pond is smelted, and the smelted electroslag is a slag bath. The electrode is arranged on an electrode holder and connected with a positive pole of a power supply, and the head of the electrode is arranged in the slag bath of the smelting pond in a smelting furnace at the moment. The electrode can also be a bimetallic electrode, the upper portion of the smelting furnace is a cover plate, the middle of the smelting furnace is a crystallizer, the lower portion of the smelting furnace is a casting guide plate and connected with a negative pole of the power supply, and a crystallizer inner cavity is in a straight drum shape. A core rod can be installed at the center position of the crystallizer inner cavity, an electromagnetic stirrer is arranged on the outer side of the crystallizer, the power supply is connected, the electrode is gradually melted and moves downwards gradually, and the casting guide plate moves downwards gradually to obtain the product in a shape of the crystallizer inner cavity.


This study aimed at revealing the graduates working as Agricultural Extension Workers (AEWs), graduate performance condition, and the correlation between the performance and Cummulative Achievement Index (CAI). This study was descriptive in nature involving the graduates as objects, and the respondents i.e. the graduate leaders, the graduate partnerships, and farmer group leaders. The data collected by questioner and documentation methods, and analyzed by descriptive technique and Kendall's Tau Correlation Test. The result of studies are as follows, (1) 50% of all the graduates worked as AEWs, (2) the graduates job performance falls into the successful category, especially the action aspect is in the "mostly successful" category, (3) the graduates attitude is in the "best" category, especially the enthusiasm aspect is in the "good" category, (4) there is significant correlation between the graduates job performance and Cummulative Achievement Index (CAI), and (5) ) there is no significant correlation between the graduates attitude performance and Cummulative Achievement Index (CAI). This implies that there is a need of evaluation and development of the curriculum, and partnership between STPP and stakeholders so that the curriculum is relevant and applicable to the graduate's job descriptions as AEWs. Keywords : tracer study, job, attitude.


A great deal of Students' information are collected in university MIS,but many of university MIS have no the functions that can analyze data and make decision,so to study the application of data mining in university MIS is with the realistic significance.By analysis of the actualities and shortage of university MIS and essential concept and functions of data mining,the applicational flow,method and functions of data mining technology in university MIS are proposed.


Frequency selective surface (FSS) is a spatial filter that has frequency selection characteristics for electromagnetic waves with different operating frequencies, polarization states and incident angles. At the same time, frequency selective surface has the advantages of simple structure and easy processing compared with the traditional filters. FSS have been investigated for many decades and extensively utilized in various applications. It can used in radar radomes to reduce the radar cross section (RCS) of an array antenna, as a reflector to transmit and reflect electromagnetic waves in different frequency bands. Normally, electromagnetic waves are incident at an oblique Angle onto the target surface. Therefore, the research of FSS absorbers with stable absorbing performance under oblique incidence has tremendous practical application value. This paper proposes a new design scheme for designing a FSS absorber with stable oblique incident response range from 0° to 70°. A single-square-loop array with lumped resistors and square patch printed on the dielectric substrate is proposed, and it exhibits a characteristic impedance matching for wide incident angles from 0° to 70°. The design scheme of the FSS layer under the condition of oblique incidence is introduced in detail, and the equivalent circuit is adopted to make the design clearer and more direct. The results show the absorption bands with oblique incident angles from 0° to 30°, 30° to 50°, and 50° to 70° reflection coefficients below –10 dB are 3.44 to 9.03 GHz, 4.49 to 9.06 GHz, and 4.87 to 8.96 GHz for TE polarization, respectively. The absorber proposed in this paper will contribute much to the development of ultra-wide-angle oblique incidence.


T h ese u nique swi t c h able gl a ss sc r eens c o me c o mple t e with a w i r ed cable suspe n s i o n sys t em, 110V trans fo r mer a n d RF r emo t e c o n t r o l sw i t c h . A s i mple ON - OFF mode swi t ches t h e gl a ss f r om bei n g c le a r (transp a r e n t ) t o f r os t ed (t r anslu c ent) and i n i ts f r os t ed sta t e t h e gl a ss becomes a hi g h definit i on r ear p r oje c tion s c r een ( f r ont/dual p r o je c t ion v ersion s a vai l a ble) . Standa r d sc r een si z es r ange f r o m 50"- 120 " o r cus t om s i z es a r e a v a ilable upon r equest. Al t e r n a ti v ely p a nels c a n be ma n u fa c tu r ed t o a n y si z e a nd joined t o c r e a t e la r ge fo r mat displ a y s . T h ese sw i t chable gl a ss sc r ee n s h a v e a v e r y m i n i mal l o ok wh i c h will ble n d e a s i ly in t o a n y a r c hi t e c tu r al or con t empo r a r y in t e r io r, m a k i ng them t h e i de a l sc r een c hoice fo r both his t o r ical bu i ldi n gs ( c h u r c h e s , museum s , t h e a t r es and c once r t halls) and mode r n h i- t e c h e n vi r o n me n ts (h o t el s , o ffi c e s , stadium s , s h opping malls) .


Small ubiquitin‐related modifier‐1 (SUMO‐1) modification has been implicated in many important cellular processes, including cell cycle progression, apoptosis, cellular proliferation, and development, but its role in all‐trans‐retinoic acid (ATRA)‐induced differentiation processes of cancer cells remains unclear. Here, we report for the first time that ATRA‐induced differentiation of leukemia and osteosarcoma is accompanied by a decrease in the level of SUMO‐1 protein. Our results also demonstrated that depletion or inhibition of SUMO‐1 blocks ATRA‐induced differentiation, suggesting that SUMO‐1 is critical for the differentiation effect of ATRA. Further studies indicated that SUMO‐1‐promoted ATRA‐induced differentiation might be associated with the stabilization of retinoic acid receptor α (RARα), protecting it from degradation. Moreover, our results suggested that Lys399 is a major site for SUMO‐1 conjugation of RARα. We also found that RARα enhanced the transcription of its target genes, which might also contribute to the enhanced differentiating effects of ATRA; however, mutation of Lys399 of RARα inhibits the extents of both SUMO‐1 modification and ATRA‐induced differentiation. Together, these results indicate that SUMO‐1 modification of RARα is a potent mechanism for balancing proliferation and differentiation by controlling the stability of RARα in cancer cells. SUMO‐1 modification may thus serve an important role in controlling ATRA‐induced cell differentiation in cancers.


Hypertension is known as the silent killer because it cannot be predicted and kills slowly. It is estimated that one in 7 causes of death is caused by hypertension (7 million per year). Hypertension can be prevented and maintained by consuming herbal medicines, one of which is rosella and celery. In this analysis, the efficacy of the rosella and hypertension celery mixture in the Matraman sub-district of Puskesmas, was determined. The method of study was pre-test and post-testing with control experimental one-group configuration. The sample size was 05 people and computerized statistical tools used to analyze t combined with. Results showed a blend of rosella and celery infusion, but this was not important, as regional pressure decreased both systole and diastole. Significant systole and diastole values 0.196 and 0.308 > 0.05 are indicated in this context.


The Rome Statute builds on two main assumptions: the first is that international crimes must not go unpunished; the second is that the crimes should preferably be prosecuted at the national level. The two purposes can also be seen as parts of superior purposes, including the preservation of international peace and security and the safeguarding of state sovereignty. Identifying the purposes of the Rome Statute and the purposes of the complementarity principle is essential: First, because the purposes may influence the interpretation and application of the Statute's provisions governing the complementarity principle. Second, because understanding the purposes might clarify the role that the ICC should play and thus indicate how the authority to interfere should be used. In addition to exploring the underlying purposes, this chapter critically assess whether national prosecutions really are preferable to international prosecutions.Keywords: complementarity principle; international crimes; international peace; international prosecutions; national prosecutions; Rome statute; state sovereignty


ABSTRACT Social play behaviour is a vigorous, highly rewarding activity in young animals. It is thought to facilitate social, cognitive and emotional development, but its underlying neural mechanisms are incompletely understood. Previously, we found that low doses of alcohol and nicotine enhanced social play behaviour in young rats. Using place and operant conditioning setups to assess the pleasurable and motivational aspects of social play, we investigated how treatment with nicotine and alcohol affects social play reward. Nicotine-treatment increased the incentive motivational properties of social play as well as the expression of social play itself. Moreover, while nicotine by itself evoked conditioned place preference (CPP), it reduced social play-induced CPP. Alcohol-treatment did not affect the motivation for and expression of social play, nor did it affect social play-induced CPP. The finding that nicotine but not alcohol modulates social play reward increases our understanding of the neural underpinnings of this developmentally important behaviour.


Mean-variance portfolio selection problem is studied under continuous models in general.This paper studies mean-variance selection problem under jump-diffusion models.Dynamic programming and convex analysis are used to solve this problem.The expressions of the optimal strategies and the efficient frontier in this paper are derived explicitly under no-shorting constraints.The affections of the constraints on optimal strategies and the efficient frontier are analyzed by numerical examples.


OVERVIEW Many current-day software design tools offer some variant of statechart notation for system specification. We, like others, have built an automatic translator from (a subset of) statecharts to a model checker, for use to validate behavioral requirements. Our translator is designed to be flexible. This allows us to quickly adjust the translator to variants of statechart semantics, including problem-specific notational conventions that designers employ. Our system demonstration will be of interest to the following two communities: net result


Trevor Wagner of OpGen, Inc. discusses the use of optical mapping to validate the assembly of HMP genomes on June 3, 2010 at the "Sequencing, Finishing, Analysis in the Future" meeting in Santa Fe, NM


The valve element (20) includes a frame (21), at least one first inlet portion (26), at least one second inlet (27), at least one outlet portion (28) . The valve element, when not broken, for drilling a second inlet (27) closes at least the flow path of the outlet section (28) from at least one rupture disc (23) or equivalent, the rupture disc consists of a combination comprising a piercing element (24) or the piston element comprising equivalent of (25), said piston element, to be movable between at least two positions when the rupturable plate is perforated is configured, when in the in its first position, the flow path is closed the second inlet portion from (27) an outlet section (28), when in the second position, the second inlet (27) flow path to the outlet portion (28) is opened from the piston element after the pressure difference between the second inlet and the first inlet has reached a predetermined value is moved to the second position .


By government programs of development of public health services of the country are defined improvement of the specialized help to the population, especially, in countryside. Availability of qualitative, modern medical aid to patients is closely connected with a solution of a problem of material base of hospitals.


BACKGROUND
Hepatocellular carcinoma is triggered by many factors including infection with hepatitis C virus. The molecular basis, however, of the development of HCV-related HCC remains unknown.

OBJECTIVE
This work was designated to compare the circulating levels of some molecular markers between HCV-infected and HCV-free HCC patients.

METHODS
We investigated 77 of HCC patients admitted to the National Cancer Institute, Cairo during the period 2002-2003. The plasma circulating levels of bcl-2, transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-beta1), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and beta2-microglobulin (beta2- MG) were investigated in HCV related HCC patients (n=40) compared to both HCV-free HCC patients (n=37) and a group of healthy subjects (n=20). Additionally, the LOH at the mannose 6-phosphate/insulin like growth factor-II receptor (M6P/IGFIIr) was investigated.

RESULTS
The result did not predict a significant role of HCV infection on the circulating bcl-2 protein. In both HCC and HCC/HCV groups a limited number of patients had high levels of bcl-2. TGF-beta1 level increased particularly, but insignificantly in HCC associated with HCV infection. A similar pattern was obtained in the levels of beta2-MG, however the difference between HCC and HCC/HCV patients was significant (p=0.001). The infection with HCV was associated with a high incidence of LOH at M6P/IGFIIr site compared to HCV-free patients. Although the level of serum VEGF was significantly higher in all HCC patients than in healthy control, no significant difference, however was observed between HCV infected and HCV-free groups.

CONCLUSION
In HCC patients, HCV infection did not exclusively affect the levels of both bcl-2 and VEGF. TGF-beta1, beta2-MG and the LOH at M6P/IGFIIr, however were higher in presence of HCV infection.


By virtue of the synchrotron radiation imaging combing the analysis of the actual soldering morphology data in lab, we have a more specific understanding of the characteristic of nucleation and growth of Ag3Sn. In furnace cooling conditions, inside the pure Sn3.0Ag solder, there is no sheet Ag3Sn formed. The IMC at the soldering interface is a priority site for the nucleation of the Ag3Sn in the soldering interface reaction for the surface of Cu6Sn5 formed in soldering reaction providing the surface energy of nucleation and decreasing the energy needed for nucleation and growth. Ag3Sn grew around Cu6Sn5 inside the Sn3.5Ag solder in furnace cooling process. Ag3Sn embedded itself in Cu6Sn5, suppressing the growth of Cu6Sn5, and finally affecting the morphology of Cu6Sn5. With the decrease of cooling rate, the size of Ag3Sn increases and the morphology transforms from nano particles to linear distribution with continuous structure, then to sheet morphology. The fast cooling rate provides large degree of supercooling for the nucleation of Ag3Sn; however the slow cooling rate offers abundant time for the diffusion of elements.


Excavation and filling of cable and pipeline trenches constitute an integral part of most roadworks. In this paper the various factors to be taken into account when executing such earthworks in order to prevent failures or malfunctions are discussed. Variations in design specifications and material requirements applied in various countries are given based on responses to enquiries among member countries. Current research activities are also discussed together with future research needs. (A)


For a time-periodic Hamiltonian H(p,q,t) of period T, the area crossing a collection of curves at time 0 spanning two homotopic orbits of common period nT, in a time T, is shown to be the difference between the actions, contour integral pdq-Hdt, of the orbits. Similarly in an autonomous Hamiltonian system of two degrees of freedom the flux of energy surface volume per unit time through a surface spanning two homotopic orbits of the same energy is given by the difference between the actions, contour integral p.dq, of the orbits. Analogous results hold for pairs of orbits which converge together in both directions of time.


Strains of genus Citrobacter (152 isolates from 1950 to 1988 deposited in the Czech National Collection of Type Cultures, Prague) were re-classified using biological and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) methods. One-hundred thir- ty-six strains (ca. 90 %) were identified to the species level usingthebiologicalmethodwithevaluationbyFarmermatrix. MALDI-TOF MS exhibited better identification capability, the data being more compact; the method was unambiguously successful in typing 145 (95 %) strains. Comparison of the results of identification by the two methods revealed differ- ences (for 12 samples) in identified species which, consider- ing all biochemical and/or MS characteristics, could be attrib- uted to the natural variability of strains and close relation of the misidentified species (all of them belonged to the Citrobacter freundii complex). Taking into account all the


Summary

1. Growing recognition of the ecological significance and biodiversity of groundwater fauna in Australia has led to statutory requirements for monitoring these communities prior to resource development. However, the efficiency of methods for assessing community composition and taxa richness remains untested, hampering the collection of reliable data for compliance.

2. We assessed the efficiency of two commonly-used methods to sample groundwater fauna (net hauls and pumping) in bores in two contrasting regions (Dubbo and upper Hunter Valley) of eastern Australia. Repeated sets of seasonal samples from the upper Hunter Valley bores were used to test whether once-off sampling was sufficient for compliance purposes.

3. All taxa collected by the net method were also captured in pump samples. In addition, pumping yielded more taxa, higher total abundances, and higher numbers of the two most common taxa (syncarids and copepods) than the net. Ten net hauls in the upper Hunter Valley bores collected, on average, 64% of the taxa and 44% of total abundance. When combined with the first 100 L from pumping, cumulative totals rose to 92.5% and 74.5% respectively. Similar trends occurred in bores near Dubbo, indicating that net hauls alone under-sampled groundwater faunal communities. Multivariate analyses revealed substantial differences in community composition as each incremental subsample was added.

4. Temporal changes in community composition in the Hunter Valley aquifer were marked yet inconsistent across the bores. Initial once-off sampling collected 30–87% of the total taxa from each bore and new taxa were still being collected after four sampling periods in over half the bores. This shows that more than one sampling occasion is needed for comprehensive assessments of groundwater biodiversity.

5. Successful compliance monitoring of groundwater fauna requires cost-effective sampling that will not overlook potentially vulnerable taxa or miss ecologically relevant changes in community composition. Currently, a lack of suitable bores seems to be the main constraint on accurate assessment of groundwater invertebrate community composition in these two areas of eastern Australia.


Unroofing of the western Tauern window involved both low‐angle detachment faulting (Brenner Fault) and enhanced footwall erosion, contemporaneous with upright antiformal folding. This combination reflects orogen‐parallel (˜E–W) extension during continued ˜N–S Alpine convergence. New fission‐track ages establish the relative chronology of folding and faulting and demonstrate that displacement was not always accommodated on the same surface. During exhumation, some units migrated from the footwall to the hanging wall of the main detachment fault, due to the interplay between folding and faulting. The region can effectively be divided into 3 distinct domains. (1) The Penninic units of the western Tauern Window were always in the footwall to the fault, with maximum exhumation in the core of the dome, due to folding and erosion. (2) The Lower Austroalpine unit north of the Tauern Window was first part of the hanging wall to the Brenner Fault. At a later stage this unit was exhumed by a further 4–5 km as part of the footwall to a more discrete, through‐going fault (the Silltal Fault). (3) The Middle and Upper Austroalpine units west of the Tauern Window were always within the hanging wall.


The present research paper aims to examine the effects of social network sites on Arabic. It tries to shed some light on one substantial phenomenon that the Arabic language is known for, which is diglossia. The latter clearly poses many challenges and many questions may arise. Therefore, 78 Arab users of Facebook participated in an online survey in order to investigate their use of Arabic language in the social network site, Facebook, and to what extent it can affect the Standard and Colloquial Arabic.


We use the Hernandez-Perez & Bruzual HB13 stellar population synthesis models to study the role of interacting binary pairs as progenitors of EHB stars. We assemble a sample of 3417 Early Type Galaxies observed both in the optical (SDSS-DR8) and the UV (GALEX-GR6). The galaxies in our sample can be classified according to their position in the colour-colour diagram as UV weak or red sequence galaxies (� 48%), UV strong or UVX galaxies (� 9%), and recent star forming galaxies (� 43%). Analysing this sample using the HB13 models for various choices of basic model parameters we conclude that: (a) The UVr colours of UV weak and UV strong galaxies are reproduced by the models as long as the fraction of binary stars is at least 15%. (b) Higher metallicity models (Z = 0.02 and Z = 0.03) reproduce the colours of UV weak and UV strong galaxies better than lower Z models. The Z = 0.03 model is slightly bluer than the Z = 0.02 model in the UV strong region, indicating a weak relationship between UVX and Z. (c) The strength of UVX increases with age in the model population. This is at variance with the results of other models that include binary stars as progenitors of EHB stars.


The association of ichthyosiform changes with "lymphoblastoma," Hodgkin's disease in particular, has been only infrequently recorded. 1-13 Skin changes usually appear after the first clinical signs of malignancy; rarer, the onset of ichthyotic and malignant changes start together; only exceptionally skin changes precede the first apparent signs of Hodgkin's disease. 2 Report of a Case Family history: the patient's father died of carcinoma of rectum at the age of 58. The patient, now aged 28, was first seen in 1953 because of a scaly eruption of the entire skin of two years' duration. At about the same time (in 1951) follicular pustular lesions appeared on the left side of the neck. The clinical picture of the skin was one of ichthyosis nigricans. Alopecia of the same region appeared in 1952. Otherwise the patient was in good health. Routine laboratory investigations were within the limits of normal. Under the appropriate treatment, folliculitis


Document patient choices and screening performance (false positive and detection rates) when three improved Down syndrome screening protocols were introduced coincidentally.


The People's Republic of China (PRC) became a Member of the World Trade Organization (WTO) on December 11, 2001. Therefore, China's laws, regulations and other rules must comply with WTO obligations. This is also the case for Chinese banking laws and regulations. This chapter focuses on the impact of the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS)/WTO on the legal framework of Chinese banking regulation. It analyses the legal framework of the Chinese banking regulation and its recent development from 2001 to 2006. It then discusses the main issues of legal framework of the Chinese banking regulation in the context of the GATS/WTO. The chapter explores the discriminatory treatment to foreign-funded banks in China, which has been highly debated during the WTO transitional review meetings on China's implementation of the WTO agreements. It proposes to unify Chinese banking law framework so as to enhance its consistency with the GATS/WTO obligations. Keywords: banking laws; Chinese banking regulation; discriminatory treatment; foreign-funded banks; General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS); legal framework; World Trade Organization (WTO)


The identification of police officers who have potential problems has emerged as a popular approach for curbing police misconduct and achieving accountability. Early warning (EW) systems are data-driven programs whose purpose is to identify officers whose behavior is problematic and to subject those officers to some kind of intervention, often in the form of counseling or training. Because of their potential for providing timely data on officer performance and giving police managers a framework for correcting unacceptable performance, early warning systems are consistent with the new demands for performance evaluation raised by community policing and the effective strategic management of police departments. This article identifies essential components of EW systems and explains the characteristics, structure, and processes of a model program.


In this paper I develop a theoretical model explaining optimal wage-tenure profiles for heterogeneous labor. My findings entail that high productive people have steeper profiles than low productive individuals. I find strong empirical evidence for these findings. At the end of my paper, I utilize the basic model to describe the labor market entry of college graduates.


A lactose tolerance test was performed and small intestinal mucosal disaccharidase activity was determined in 12 patients operated upon for peptic ulcer who had lactose malabsorption. Most patients were misjudged, since they were considered to suffer from post-operative complaints (vagotomy diarrhoea, afferent loop syndrome, recurrent ulcer and dumping). Three patients did not develop symptoms of milk intolerance until immediately after an operation for peptic ulcer; in 3 other patients this operation exacerbated the existing symptoms after consumption of milk. Two patients had steatorrhoea, which disappeared or diminished when lactose excluded from the diet.


The absence of standardized methodologies for the assessment of wearable exoskeleton performance still represents the main issue to overcome for their complete spread in real life. From this perspective, EUROBENCH project purposes to create the first benchmarking for robots in Europe. Within this project, BEAT (Balance Evaluation Automated Testbed) aims at realizing a testbed to benchmark the ability of exoskeleton in assisting static and dynamic balance. The testbed consists in a robotic platform and standardized software routines for the computation of performance indices. The present paper aims at presenting the main outcomes of the BEAT project considering both the mechanical aspects of the moving platform, the embedded sensors systems, as well as the proposed testing protocols. Such outcomes could be useful for all researchers involved in the development of exoskeleton in order to provide specific guidelines for testing exoskeleton performance. In addition, they could represent a fundamental starting point for the definitive use of exoskeletons in daily life and not only in laboratory environments.


The trangient wear in various loads was observed by using the radioactive specimens (pure copper, Sn-Sb-Cu alloys, and chromium plated steel), using the spindle oil No. 60 as lubricating oil.The specific activity of the specimen was 0.1-1.5mc/g which required irradiation for 2-5 days in the thermal neutron flux of approximately 3×1011n·cm-2·sec-1.A NaI scintillation crystal (13/4″×1″) with a conventional photomultiplier tube was used as a detector.The result obtained are summarized as follows:1) The minimum detectable wear was 10-5-10-6g.2) In the radioactive copper specimen, as shown in Fig. 3, the initial wear during the first 50 minutes was 75% of total wear during 200 minutes run at 1000rpm under 5kgs of load.3) The initial wear during the first 10 minutes of radioactive Sn-Sb-Cu alloy specimen, as shown in Fig. 5, was 50% of the total wear during 50 minutes run at 1000rpm under 5kgs of load.


A problem of defining the quantum analogues for semi-classical twists in $U(\mathfrak{g})[[t]]$ is considered. First, we study specialization at $q=1$ of singular coboundary twists defined in $U_{q}(\mathfrak{g})[[t]]$ for $\mathfrak{g}$ being a nonexceptional Lie algebra, then we consider specialization of noncoboundary twists when $\mathfrak{g}=\mathfrak{sl}_{3}$ and obtain $q-$deformation of the semi-classical twist introduced by Connes and Moscovici in noncommutative geometry.


At present the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) pushes the energy frontier of accelerator-based particle physics. During its Run 1 (2010–2012) the LHC produced proton-proton collisions at centreof-mass energies of 7–8 TeV. For Run 2, in 2015, this energy will be increased to 13 TeV. The exploitation of the LHC will continue until about 2035. In particular, around the year 2023 the LHC will be upgraded for ten times higher integrated luminosity ("High Luminosity LHC," or, short, HL-LHC), by means of a novel magnet technology based on Nb3Sn superconductor, paving the way for future projects. Indeed, in response to the 2013 Update of the European Strategy for Particle Physics, a design study for a future circular 100-TeV hadron collider (FCC-hh) has already been launched. This 100-TeV collider will exploit, and further advance, the HL-LHC magnet technology. In addition, the FCC-hh will require a new 100-km tunnel infrastructure in the Lake Geneva basin. As a potential intermediate step the same tunnel could host a high-luminosity circular e+e− collider (FCC-ee), serving as Higgs, Z, tt, and W factory. A lepton-hadron collider option (FCC-he) is also being considered. Similar projects of large circular lepton and hadron colliders, called CEPC and SPPC, are being pursued in China. The global FCC collaboration is evolving and expanding. Key parts of the hadron collider design study are now being co-funded by the European Commission in the frame of its HORIZON 2020 programme. The FCC complex could deliver energy-frontier science through the end of the 21st century.


History matching is an inverse problem with several possible solutions. The degree of nonuniqueness reduces when seismic observation data becomes incorporated. This thesis contains a history match ...


Loco-regionally recurrent melanoma encompasses local recurrence (usually defined as being within 2cm of the primary tumour site), in-transit recurrence and regional lymph node recurrence. Survival in patients with loco-regional recurrence is considerably reduced compared with survival in patients without recurrence. The most appropriate treatment of loco-recurrence varies according to presentation. Local recurrence is best treated by surgical excision. In-transit recurrence is also treated by excision when possible, but may involve other forms of treatment, such as topical therapy (with dyphencyprone cream) or intra-tumoural injection therapy (eg. with Rose Bengal). For unresectable local and in-transit recurrence, regional limb chemotherapy (isolated limb perfusion or isolated limb infusion) remains the standard of care. When regional limb chemotherapy is not possible or has failed, alternative treatment options that are sometimes effective include topical therapy, intra-tumoural injection therapy or external beam radiation therapy. Rarely, amputation may need to be considered for in-transit disease confined to a limb when all other options have been exhausted. Regional lymph node recurrence is managed primarily by surgical resection involving formal lymphadenectomy of the neck, axilla or groin. For metastatic melanoma in the axilla a complete level I-III dissection is standard treatment. However, the extent of groin and neck lymphadenectomy for metastatic disease in these sites may vary. Currently, sub-inguinal ('superficial') lymph node dissection is often recommended for patients with palpable groin recurrence, but there is evidence suggesting that an ilio-inguinal dissection may be a safer alternative. Iliac dissection is required for clinically involved pelvic lymph nodes. For metastatic disease in cervical nodes, a full level I to V neck dissection is standard, but selective neck dissection with adjuvant radiation therapy may be an alternative. Post-operative radiation therapy improves regional recurrence-free survival for patients with resected high-risk stage III melanoma. Systemic therapy for loco-regional recurrence is the subject of ongoing research. The only currently approved adjuvant therapy for stage III melanoma is interferon-alpha. Newer agents under investigation include vaccines, ipilumimab and inhibitors of the BRAF pathway.


Abstract Hypericum Scabrum is a traditional herbal drug with various therapeutic effects. The aim of the present study was to assess the modulating effect of Iranian Hypericum Scabrum essential oils on hepatic metabolizing enzymes in rats treated by acetaminophen. For this purpose, the activities of cytochrome P450 (CYP450), glutathione s-transferase (GST) and liver function markers (ALT, AST, ALP) together with level of GSH measured analytically in time intervals (2, 4, 8, 16 & 24 h) after treatments confirmed by histophatological consideration in rat livers. The results indicated that acetaminophen (500 mg/kg bw, i.p) was associated with extensive liver damages as judged by histological examinations. These results were corroborated with induction of CYP450 and reduction of GST activities concomitant with glutathione depletion in liver. Hepatic function markers (ALT, AST, ALP) was also significantly increased in treated rats. Treatment of Hypericum Scabrum essential oil (100 and 200 mg/kg b.w, i.p) concomitant with acetaminophen could modulate these parameters to normal value. These data confirmed by histopathological findings. Based on these data it appears that Hypericum Scabrum essential oil can modulate liver damages induce by acetaminophen through modulating its metabolism.


Two dimensional nanoparticles (2D‐NPs) along with other nanoscale materials have been deemed to be the next generation of artificial enzymes (nanozymes). The low‐cost bulk‐scale production, ease of storage and modification of such nanomaterials have given nanozymes an advantage over traditional enzymes. Many studies have been aimed at developing methods to increase the performance of these nanozymes, and also identify interfering agents. To investigate the interference of a number of metal cations, we studied the effect of Ti2+, Fe2+, Ag+, Hg2+, Co2+, Cu2+, Ni2+, Pb2+, Ca2+, Zn2+ and Mn2+ in a nanozyme assays of 2D‐NPs using ABTS radical formation. Ti2+, Co2+, Cu2+, Ni2+, Ca2+, Zn2+ and Mn2+ ions did not display any notable effect on the peroxidase‐like activity of nGO, MoS2 and WS2 2D‐NPs. However, Fe2+, Ag+, Hg2+ and Pb2+ ions' effects on the overall ABTS reaction were significant enough to be visualised by partial least square discriminant analysis (PLSDA). We report that, similar to that of many natural enzymes, the nanozyme activity of 2D‐NPs is regulated by a number of metal cations allowing their identification and discrimination by using a statistical analysis tool.


Scientific studies have consistently reported that there is little or no cooperation among twins and their parents and teachers on their decision to be separated or not at school. Research data on twin separation in home setting is even rarer. The present study examined parental preference for twin separation in home and school settings and twins' adjustment on separation in a sample of 12 pairs of monozygotic (MZ) and 58 pairs of dizygotic (DZ) twin preschoolers. Results showed that: a) zygosity does not affect parental preference for twin classroom separation, b) parents believe that twin separation promotes their individuality and independence and c) twins who have little or no experience of separation before starting nursery school are not upset when they are shortly separated at home and school setting.


When closing mines, all vertical mine workings should be stowed with unshrinkable material. Slag-heaps from fuel enterprises occupy large areas throughout Russia, they must be recultivated. It is advisable to use the slag-heaps from fuel enterprises for stowing vertical mine workings. It requires a mixture of ground slag and quicklime, which hardens only as a result of autoclave synthesis. The dependencies of the compression of slag-lime stowing materials on the duration of their exposure at maximum pressure are presented.


The passive solar glazed sunspace taking the form of a sun-facing conservatory or glazed balcony has been encouraged as an energy-saving feature in both new and refurbished buildings. Doubts have been raised previously as to whether any real energy savings are possible and whether in fact these spaces increase energy consumption. Little attention has been given to the effect on daylighting where these have been added during refurbishment. This paper discusses these issues and describes the refurbishment of a high-rise social housing building in Germany where design solutions were developed to ensure good daylighdng and energy-saving potential. A contrast is provided with a refurbishment in France where glazed balconies were added instead of existing balconies being glazed.


The public relation is a manifestation of social relations of humanity.It is important constituent in modern management.In recent years,Research of public relation has gained some development.The author has discussed this by using public relation in library.


The suitability of water for irrigation purpose can be determined using the Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR) method. The method describes the extent of sodium will be absorbed into the soil. This study aims to assess the water quality of the Talawaan river as a source of irrigation water using the Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR) method. The measurement was carried out by field observation at the tertiary channel and laboratory analysis of water samples obtained from the channel. The concentration of Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+ were calculating using the SAR. Sampling of Water quality parameters was determined using the Composite Sampling, then analyzed with the UV-Spectrophometry The data referring to the standard values from Ayers and westcott. The results showed that the Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR) at the Talawaan irrigation varied from 1.33 meq/l to 1.55 meq/l. These results meets the requirements of the Ayers and Westcott standard standard, which stated that SAR at less than 3 meq/L is good quality standard (table 2). SAR value affects soil conditions, especially related to soil structure and soil permeability and infiltration.


The mares have a period of reproductive activity during the summer and in winter, poor follicular activity (anestrous). In order to anticipate the reproductive phase, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of different periods of photic stimulation on the occurrence of first ovulation of the breeding season in mares in seasonal anestrous. The experiment was conducted during the breeding seasons of 2009 and 2010, from 1 July to 1 August, were used 45 mares crossbred in anestrous between four and 12 years in Sao Simao - SP, Brazil. In the absence of the corpus luteum and follicles larger than 20 mm, mares were randomly separated into the following groups: G1 - control, without stimulation with artificial light (G1, n=15), G2 - stimulation with artificial light for 35 days (G2; n=15) and G3 - stimulation with artificial light for 60 days (G3, n=15). We used the Fisher exact test for analysis of ovulation rate to the first 60 days of the experiment and ANOVA followed by Tukey test to analyze the average number of days to first ovulation, all statistics were considered significant when P<0.05. The Fisher test was used to compare the mare proportion that ovulated until the first 60 days of experiment between the study groups. The Bonferroni method was used to adjust the  level for multiple comparisons. Survival curves and Cox proportional hazards model were used to compare the ovulation rate between the study groups (estimating the expression of hazard ratio. Statistical significance was defined as P<0.05 or P<0.02 for the Fisher test with multiple comparisons. The proportion of mares that ovulated until 60 days after the beginning of the treatment was significantly larger (84.6%) in the group treated with artificial light by 60 days, when compared to the control group (15.4%, P=0.001). There was statistical difference between the control group and the group treated with artificial light by 35 days (61.5%, P=0.041), however was not statistical difference between the groups treated by 35 and 60 days (P=0.378). The average ovulation time in the group treated with artificial light by 60 days was 53 days, while mares in the group treated with artificial light by 35 or mares in the control group ovulated at the 56 and 125 days, respectively. It is concluded that the reduction of treatment with artificial light for 35 days was not as effective as the conventional protocol of 60 days.


H ISTORIANS OF SCIENCE ARE AGREED that Galileo must be judged against the background of the science of his day and in the light of questions debated by his contemporaries. Unfortunately, this effort is often frustrated, since Galileo's opponents were not usually mathematicians like himself but philosophers, lawyers, or gentlemen-scholars. The controversy on the sunspots, however, provides us with the opportunity of contrasting Galileo's work with that of a professor of mathematics and astronomy, the Jesuit Christopher Scheiner, who lectured at the University of Ingolstadtfrom 1610 until 1616. We shall be mainly concerned with the methodological assumptions that guided the research of Galileo and Scheiner, but, since it is indispensable to see the problems in their historical setting, the introductory section of this paper will be devoted to a summary of the successive phases of the debate leading to the publication of Galileo's Letters on the Sunspots in 1613. In the second section, Galileo's assumptions will be compared with those of Scheiner, and the respective merits and shortcomings of their approaches will be discussed with particular reference to the role of observation and the relevance of mathematics.


Accelerating lifetime test is designed and practiced on the basis of three differentexplosives' chemical composition,and dynamice principle in chemical reaction of the composition during storage.Non-linear mould is made to determine three explosives' failure evidence,storage time and second testresult.


Nowadays,waifs are getting more and more in China,which has brought about many problems to the government and society.In order to solve this problem,the social work department in China University of Mining and Technology has made a series of investigations with Xuzhou Civil Affairs Bureau and got detailed data on waifs.According to the result,this paper discusses the present conditions of waifs and aid system,analyzes the reasons from society,family,education,and psychology,and then puts forward the countermeasures.


The amazing diversity of ant fauna in Southeast Asia is showcased in a new scientific internet portal. High-resolution automontage photographs show even the smallest of anatomical details – a valuable aid for ant researchers all over the world


This paper gives examples of cost estimation problems for large, complex infrastructure and underground projects, compares differing cost estimating approaches for two such projects and describes a cost validation and risk elicitation/identification process recently developed by the Washington Department of Transportation (WSDOT) with the author and colleagues. The paper builds on previous papers (e.g. Reilly & Brown, 2004) which described the cost estimation problems and proposed a suggested solution which was subsequently implemented by WSDOT in its Cost Estimate Validation Process (CEVP). Recommendations are given for those owners of complex projects who wish to know a "more realistic probable cost" for their projects. THE COST-ESTIMATION PROBLEM The public is skeptical of our ability, as a profession, to accurately estimate (i.e. predict) the final costs of large, complex public projects and also of our ability to manage these projects to established budgets. The public asks us: o "Why do costs seem to always go up?" o "Why can't the public be told exactly what a project will cost?" and, o "Why can't projects be delivered at the cost you told us in the beginning?" Our inability to answer these questions consistently is a consequence of many factors – principally an inadequate analysis and correction of poor cost estimating practices (Flyvbjerg et. al. 2002, 2003). Additionally, poor project management and poor communication with the public further adds to the problem. The number of high-visibility projects where it appears to the public and the media that costs are "running away" or "out of control" seems to be increasing – and the cost increases involved are large. Examples include the Jubilee Line Transit Project in London – 2 years late and £1.4 billion (67%) over budget (the budget which was communicated at time of decision to proceed); the Channel Tunnel £3.7 billion (80%) over budget; Denmark's Great Belt Link – 54% over budget; the 2003 Woodrow Wilson bridge tender in Virginia – 72 % over estimate and, Boston's Central Artery Project – billions over the initial budget and years late (Salvucci, 2003). As will be discussed later, early identification and management of risk is a key to meeting cost and schedule for large, complex underground projects (Arup, 2000). One study (Reilly & Thompson, 2000) found that specific, relevant project cost information was usually unobtainable. Little objective history could be found, including findings that would support recommendations for improvement. Because of the difficulty in obtaining hard data, firm conclusions could not be reliably drawn, but the following findings were reported by owners: o There are significant cost and schedule overruns suggestive of poor management in at least 30%, and possibly more than 50%, of the projects. 1 President, John Reilly Associates International, Framingham Massachusetts USA Past-President, American Underground Construction Association Past Chair, International Tunneling Association Working Groups 13 (Underground Benefits) and 20 (Underground Problems – Underground Solutions)


The consequences of the new banking resolution regime on the evolution of the European financial system were discussed at a Chatham House 'Executive Seminar on Banking Resolution' organized by the Florence School of Banking and Finance and held in Florence on 14-15 July 2016. The executive seminar brought together academics, EU policy-makers, investors, and industry practitioners to discuss the impact of the new resolution regime on banks, regulators and investors. Participants also exchanged views on liquidity support and exit strategies in the upcoming resolution phase.


Autoantibodies directed to various 'self' neural proteins have been reported in a subgroup of subjects with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and are proposed to contribute to abnormal neurodevelopment. Our group sought to identify the presence of autoantibodies to brain protein(s) in the plasma of subjects with ASD enrolled in a population based case controlled study. Groups examined include patients with ASD, typically developing age-matched controls, siblings of children with ASD, and children with other developmental disabilities. Immunohistochemical staining of coronal brain sections obtained from the cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis) was performed to identify specific cellular targets against which the 'self' reactive antibodies are directed. Immunohistochemical analysis has thus far been confined to the cerebellum. Strong immunoreactivity was noted in the plasma from 20% of children with autism towards what appear morphologically to be golgi cells in the granular layer of the cerebellum. Such staining was absent in plasma from the typically developing controls, but present in two siblings and one disease control. Identification of the brain-specific autoantigens will help illuminate which brain structures and/or neurodevelopmental processes may be affected in patients with ASD.
 [These studies were funded by NIEHS grant 1 P01 ES11269-01 and the M.I.N.D. Institute.]


The investigation on pests and diseases on Football field turf in Guizhou province was conducted from 1998 to 1999. The results showed the major pests were leucaniase parata and schizaphis graminum, the major diseases were puccinia recondita Rob, Rhynchosporium secalis, Bipolaris sorokinanum Sau, and pythium graminicola etc. The occurrence prinipal and control techiques of pests and diseases were forwarded to provide the reference for turf maintenance.


In this paper we prove that it consistent to have a two-point set in a model of ZF in which the real line cannot be well-ordered. We prove two results related to a construction of Chad of a two-point set inside the countable union of concentric circles. We show that if the reals are the countable union of countable sets, then every well-orderable set of reals is countable. However, it is consistent to have a model of ZF in which the reals are the ω1 increasing union of sets of size ω1 and ω2 can be embedded into the reals. A two-point set is a subset of the plane which meets every line in exactly two points. It is an open question whether a two-point set can be Borel. In work on the two-point problem Chad [1] came up with the question of whether it might be possible to have a model of ZF in which the reals are the countable union of countable sets and there is an uncountable well-orderable set of reals. If this were possible, then Chad's method of construction of two-point sets inside concentric circles could be used to construct a Borel example of a two-point set. However, it is impossible: Theorem 1 Suppose the reals are the countable union of countable sets. Then every well-orderable set of reals is countable. Proof Let p : ω × ω → ω be a fixed bijection. For each n ∈ ω define the map πn : 2 ω → 2 by: πn(x) = y iff ∀m ∈ ω y(m) = x(p(n, m)). 1 Mathematics Subject Classification 2000: 03E25 03E15


The use of glyphosate preharvest in barley crops has increased by 275% in the last three seasons and this has been accompanied by an increase in the number of samples showing reduced germinations with negatively geotropic seedlings. The reduction in germination is greatest in paper towelling medium. Germination in potting compost increases the germination of glyphosate affected samples and reduces the levels of glyphosate-induced abnormalities (McLaren and Don, 2002).


Background: Millennials make up about half of the world's workforce, and are considered the least engaged generation at the workplace, but have the highest expectations for recognition and communication (Meister & Willyerd, 2010; Adkins, 2016; Liotta, 2012). On the other hand, in recent years, the oil industry has suffered a collapse in oil prices and companies have taken a number of measures to reduce costs (Cornelissen, 2016). Under this scenario, it is proposed to apply bidirectional feedback as a HR practice to foster employee engagement. Methodology: An experimental methodology is proposed by applying the Utrech Work Engagement Scale -UWES questionnaire. A sample of 30 millennials employees of the three main private companies in the Ecuadorian oil sector will be used. One group will be exposed to bidirectional feedback for three months, and the other will not. Both groups will be given the UWES questionnaire before and after the experiment. Results: The expected results according to the literature review are: an increase in employee engagement manifested in higher levels of discretionary effort; higher levels of vigor, dedication and absorption as a positive antithesis to burnout, an increase in job satisfaction and a reduction of workplace stress by improving coping skills and social support. Conclusions: Bidirectional feedback is an effective practice to generate employee engagement in millennials employees.


The guidance scheme on the training of deficient skill-oriented talents is a teaching file to guide the training work.The essay put forward suggestions on the implementation of the scheme by analyzing its characteristics.


Zopiclone facilitates GABA-A transmission in the central nervous system. Zopiclone's binding site appears to be distinct from that of the benzodiazepines but photoaffinity labeling and analysis of the allosteric modification of GABA suggest that the sites are adjacent and may overlap (1). A MEDLINE literature search (key words: zopiclone, cyclopyrrolones) revealed no cases that involved successful reversal of the drug effects with an antidote. We report the first zopiclone overdose that responded to flumazenil.


Received in original form: 30-09-2019 Accepted in final form: 27-03-2020 DOI: 10.24875/NGL.20000046 Correspondence to: *William Otero-Regino E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com 2462-7011/© 2020 Sociedad Latinoamericana de Neurogastroenterología, A.C. Published by Permanyer. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). N o p ar t o f th is p u b lic at io n m ay b e re p ro d u ce d o r p h o to co p yi n g w it h o u t th e p ri o r w ri tt en p er m is si o n o f th e p u b lis h er . © P er m an ye r 20 20


This paper aims at emphasizing, in its first part, the development of the European Convention on Human Rights, as it was mirrored during time due to the significant changes that its Protocols brought to the initial form of the European document. More specifically, this approach focuses on the reconfiguration of the Convention under the auspices of Protocol No. 15 (Council of Europe, 2013a) and Protocol No. 16 15 (Council of Europe, 2013b) and tries to map the most important changes brought by these two instruments as well as the manner in which they impacted the procedures and the entire European jurisdictional construct. This way, the first one is an amendment protocol which materializes in the rethinking of the Preamble of the Convention by specifically stating the principle of subsidiarity and the margin of appreciation. Therefore, the reason of introducing these two concepts reconfirms their importance while applying the provisions of the Convention. Additionally, this Protocol introduces a few procedural changes as well as a series of aspects related to the structure and the organization of the European Court of Human Rights. Secondly, Protocol No. 16 to the Convention tries to enhance communication between the Court and the domestic courts by introducing the advisory opinion procedure and stating upon those entities entitled to access it, also specifying a series of conditions which have to be fulfilled when seeking for an advisory opinion.


The electronic control system is programmed to control the movement of the cutting tool relative to the workpiece to rotate. Tool, after engagement of the stock, the cutting surface of the tool until it reaches a preset cutting depth of the stock, is controlled to follow a curved trajectory. Next, the tool, the is controlled to follow a straight / linear trajectory in a state of engaging the cutting surface of the tool to the stock at a preset cutting depth. The control system, in order to control the thickness of the material removed when the tool is rolling cutting, for example, for the material to induce a fracture when begins to coil, tool of a known curved changing the feeding speed when you are rolling cutting along the track. Feed speed when the tool is rolling cutting is programmed to vary in relation to the arcuate engagement line between the stock that is brought into contact with the cutting tool and cutting surface of the cutting tool . .The 11


AbstractA near-surface specific humidity (Qa) and air temperature (Ta) climatology on daily and 0.25° grids was constructed by the objectively analyzed air–sea fluxes (OAFlux) project by objectively merging two recent satellite-derived high-resolution analyses, the OAFlux existing 1° analysis, and atmospheric reanalyses. The two satellite products include the multi-instrument microwave regression (MIMR) Qa and Ta analysis and the Goddard Satellite-Based Surface Turbulent Fluxes, version 3 (GSSTF3), Qa analysis. This study assesses the degree of improvement made by OAFlux using buoy time series measurements at 137 locations and a global empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis. There are a total of 130 855 collocated daily values for Qa and 283 012 collocated daily values for Ta in the buoy evaluation. It is found that OAFlux Qa has a mean difference close to 0 and a root-mean-square (RMS) difference of 0.73 g kg−1, and Ta has a mean difference of −0.03°C and an RMS difference of 0.45°C. OAFlux shows n...


Objective: To study the expression of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor(GM-CSFR) in peripheral blood of patients with lupus nephritis(LN) and the relationship between GM-CSFR and LN.(Methods:) The levels of GM-CSFR in 32 patients with LN and 15 normal subjects were determined by flow cytometry.(Results:) The expression level of GM-CSFR in peripheral monocytes of LN patients was significantly higher than that of normal subjects(P0.01).There was no significant difference in the expression level of GM-CSFR in peripheral neutrophils between the LN patients and normal subjects(P0.05).The expression level of GM-CSFR in peripheral monocytes was positively correlated with the degree of the albuminuria.Conclusion: The expression of GM-CSFR may be correlated closely with the pathogenesis and renal injury of LN.


Magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) were fabricated with high bias for plasma oxidation and the effects of annealing on the temperature dependence of tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) were investigated experimentally. As-grown, TMR increases, peaks around 160 K, and decreases with increasing temperature from 80 K to 300 K. When MTJs are annealed, Tmax, the temperature at which maximum TMR is obtained, decreases as annealing temperature increases to the optimal point. In order to explain this abnormal temperature dependence of TMR, the difference of conductance between parallel and antiparallel alignments of magnetizations as a function of temperature is also analyzed. The shifts of Tmax due to annealing process are described phenomenologically with spin-dependent transfer rates of electrons tunnel through the barrier.


be made when you're about to have a baby. There are also many important decisions that you'll need to make along the way. One such decision involves an opportunity to have your baby's hearing screened before going home from the hospital. If your baby is delivered at a Kaiser Permanente hospital or a hospital that has been approved to participate in the Newborn Hearing Screening Program, you might want to consider having your newborn's hearing tested.


In this work we propose a mathematical model, based in a modified version of the Lotka-Volterra prey-predator equations, to predict the increasing in CO2 atmospheric concentration. We consider how the photosynthesis rate has changed with the increase of CO2 and how this affects plant reproduction and CO2 absorptions rates. Total CO2 emissions (natural and manmade) and biomass numerical parameter changes are considered. It is shown that the atmospheric system can be in equilibrium under some specific conditions, and also some comparisons with historical are done.


Language has become a never- ending phenomenon in day-day life. To articulate one's own idea
language has become an artifact in showcasing the rudiments of everyday life. It is a tool which
bridges the gap between the people so that the conflict between known and the unknown will not
take place. The major portal of communication is language and it operates at every level and
without this the mode will not function. Teaching is quite challenging in the contemporary times
and it expects the teaching fraternity to be a facilitator than a moderator. A few decades back
book based teaching was foregrounded and knowledge based teaching was back grounded
whereas in the present scenario knowledge based teaching which comprises hard skills and soft
skills matters a lot along with that the curriculm too evolves. This paradigmatic shift is to
make the student community a good product in the job market. Literature is unique in nature and
it informs the reader about the scenarios which will take place in the coming days and all this is
possible only through the artistic talent of the writers and they are the real oracles. Bowen
Mechanism having its deep origin in America when the society was fragmented owing to the
Aftermaths of the second world war .  A psychologist by nature has framed a few methodologies
to eliminate the human's misunderstanding and for that communication acts as an impetus.


In order to confirm the structure of cularidine (I), O-ethylcularidine (II) was synthesized and shown to be identical with the naturally occurring O-ethyleularidine on the basis of NMR spectroscopy and the Rf values.


We prove an intermediate value theorem for noncontinuous func- tions; as consequences, we obtain coincidence and fixed points theorems for nonmonotone and noncontinuous functions defined and with values in a prod- uct space R7 . Some of them, even when the index set / is a singleton, improve recent statements of S. Schmitd.


The methodology of process cost accounting is set out in a step‐by‐step format. This is a technique used when operations are not undertaken on a discrete, job‐by‐job basis.


Free metallic particle discharge seriously threatens the operation safety of the Gas Insulated Switchgear (GIS). However, limited by the detection sensitivity, anti-interference ability and intelligent diagnosis ability, the traditional electromagnetic detection and chemical detection methods face serious challenges in abnormal discharge detection. In this paper, a practical multispectral detection technology is introduced into free metallic particle discharge diagnosis. According to change the number of the free metallic particle, discharge defects with different risks are simulated. On this basis, phase-based multispectral characteristics such as, phase- resolved partial discharge pattern, pulse phase distribution, and non-phase-based multispectral characteristics such as, time series signal, maximum multispectral pulse intensity, multispectral mean pulse intensity and ternary graph distribution are analyzed to represent the degree of free metallic particle discharge development. Multispectral characteristic analysis provides an effective method to characterize the discharge defects and provides a research basis for the subsequent fine fault diagnosis combined with intelligent algorithms.


HISTORICAL BACKGROUND In the 1980s, the EU passed a set of regulations prohibiting the administration of some natural and synthetic growth hormones to farm animals. The same regulations also banned the marketing of domestic and imported meat derived from animals having received these types of hormones. In 1996, the EU updated the regulations on hormones to prohibit the marketing or importing of meat products obtained from animals having received hormonal or thyrostastic action. Included were the six hormones that were the subject of a trade dispute between the EU and the United States (joined by Canada). The six hormones at issue were oestradiol-17b, progesterone, testosterone, which are all natural substances, and trenbolone acetate, zeranol, and melengestrol acetate (MGA), which are synthetic. The same regulations permitted EUmember states (only) to use the three natural hormones and other substances with hormonal action for medical and zootechnical reasons. Also, market meat from animals that had been fed these substances was permitted. In 1996 the United States and Canada brought separate but similar complaints to the World Trade Organization (WTO), claiming that the EU regulations were in contradiction with the principles of the WTO


We study phase separation from a nematic liquid crystal with spatially nonuniform director gradients. Particles of a phase-separated component, which is either an isotropic fluid (silicone oil) or a nonmesogenic photopolymer, accumulate in the regions with the strongest director distortions, thus reducing the overall energy of the system.


Caribbean economies typically face severe challenges in efforts to establish sources of start-up capital, both for general and youth-oriented business development initiatives. In fact, very little is known about the effectiveness of lending programmes created to facilitate access to financial resources by those with limited credit histories. Since 1996, funds provided by the Barbados Youth Business Trust (BYBT) programme have been used to provide start-up capital to youths who have been denied access to credit markets. This study uses BYBT loan application data to examine the determinants of initial financing to entrepreneurs. In the absence of credit scores and related financial information, BYBT must rely on other characteristics of applicants to assess their loan worthiness. An empirical model is used to examine the role of financial and personal information, as well as the presence of a mentoring relationship, in the loan approval process.


In 1956,the newspaper Zhoushan was transformed into the first fishery newspaper in China,hence being the suc-cessful model of journalism reform.The internal and external ecological factors that promoted the transformation of the newspa-per are analyzed from the perspective of media ecology,which is of significance for present city-level newspapers to understand their media ecology and form their own characteristics.


AbstractFour xanthene derivatives, namely, 8-chlorotheophylline, caffeine, theophylline and 1-methyl-3-sisobutylxanthene (SC-2964) were studied to ascertain their in vitro intestinal absorbability and partitioning property in an octyl alcohol/pH 7.4 buffer system. Absorbability in vitro was estimated as the cumulative transfer rate (μglmin.) of the test compounds transfering across everted rat intestine sacs. The results demonstrated a dependency of the cumulative transfer rates on the partition coefficients. A logarithmic correlation between cumulative transfer rates and partition coefficients of the test compounds was observed. It is concluded that this predictive methodology could be adopted to screen potentially active compounds and optimize the selection of compounds to be developed into orally bioavailable dosage forms.


Objective:To explore the effect of personality,prenatal emotional and social support on postpartum depression.Methods:A total of 102 pregnant women were collected in our hospital and tested by NEO-PI-R SDS,SAS before and after childbirth.Results:Postpartum depression was negatively related with personality of extraversion,agreeableness and conscientiousness(P=-0.359,-0.660,-0.552);but was significantly positive correlated with the prenatal mood,the use of support and the personal responsibility(P=0.235,0.405,0.650).Conclusion:Postpartum depression are related with antenatal depression,anxiety and the personality neuroticism,agreeableness,responsibility;personality agreeableness and prenatal anxiety is the key influence factors of postpartum depression.


Scientists' current outrage at the Bush administration's assault on science in the U.S. is understandable but might miss the real threat—the administration's subtle yet deliberate redefinition of accepted principles of what constitutes good evidence to guide policy development. For example, the


The sections in this article are

Introduction
Reactions
Thermodynamics
Applications
Industrial Developments

The Reforming Process
The Tubular Reformer
Convective Reformers
Reforming Rates and New Reformer Concepts

Catalysts
Catalyst Activity
Non-Metal Catalysts
Kinetics
Industrial Catalysts

Major Catalyst Problems
Sintering
Sulfur Poisoning
Carbon Formation
Catalyst Promotion

The Active Site
Step Sites
Carbon Formation
Blockage of Step Sites
Geometric and Electronic Effects

Keywords:

steam reforming;
reforming catalysts;
hydrocarbons;
synthesis gas;
hydrogen


Polaron binding energy and effective mass are calculated for bulk hexagonal In x Ga 1-x N with the use of a dielectric continuum Frohlich-like electron-phonon Hamiltonian. The calculation includes the evaluation of polaronic corrections up to second order in the coupling constants. The result obtained for the electron effective mass in hexagonal GaN is in very good agreement with recent experimental findings. The relevance of having reliable experimental values for the InN conduction band effective mass and optical dielectric constant in order to clarify the real contribution of second-order corrections to the binding energy and the anisotropy of the polaron mass in this material is discussed. The case of cubic alloys is briefly considered as well.


BACKGROUND
Several lines of evidence strongly implicate a crucial role for the apoptosis suppressing bcl-2 oncogene in the genesis of hormone-refractory human prostate cancer. By efficiently destroying the intracellular bcl-2 mRNA, one might be able to make the prostate cancer cell responsive again to conventional apoptotic stimuli such as androgen withdrawal. To achieve this end, we have devised a catalytic antisense RNA strategy (Ribozyme) for bcl-2 and evaluated its gene therapeutic potential.

METHODS AND RESULTS
Bcl-2 overexpressing LNCaP prostatic carcinoma cells (LNCaP/bcl-2) were transfected with the anti-bcl-2 ribozyme RNA using a polyamine-based transfection reagent and the reduction in the intracellular bcl-2 mRNA levels was followed by a ribonuclease protection assay. Using a cell viability assay, prior ribozyme transfection and subsequent application of apoptotic stimuli such as serum starvation or phorbol ester treatment caused a 30% increase in cell death by apoptosis than with these apoptotic stimuli alone.

CONCLUSIONS
The results obtained strongly support the ability of a potential anti-bcl-2 ribozyme therapy to synergize with other agents in inducing apoptosis of hormone-resistant human prostate cancer cells.


The dynamic performance of a valveless electromagnetic micropump is studied by a fluid–diaphragm coupling model. The model includes fluid inertia and considers the electromagnetic action on the flexible diaphragm of the pump as a sinusoidal force. Fluid pressure acting on the diaphragm is obtained instantaneously with solving the coupling equation through a transient dynamic mesh simulation. This treatment avoids omitting the phase shift between pressure force and displacement of the diaphragm. Furthermore, the model removes almost empirical parameters. A MEMS prototype is fabricated and the measured backpressure attains to 2.5cmH2 O when using a 65mA sinusoidal driving current at frequency of 30Hz.Copyright © 2010 by ASME


High accuracy metering is an essential feature of an electronic power meter application. Metering accuracy is a most important attribute because inaccurate metering can result in substantial amounts of lost revenue. Moreover, inaccurate metering can also undesirably result in overcharging to customers. The common sources of metering inaccuracies, or error sources in a meter, include the sensor devices, the sensor conditioning circuitry, the Analog FrontEnd (AFE), and the metering algorithm executed either in a digital processing engine or a microcontroller. NXP Semiconductors Document Number: AN4265


A household audio magnetic tape recorder can be used for recording pulses which are given by successive shots of a 35‐mm motor driven camera. The pulses transmitted from an X contact of the camera are recorded on a magnetic tape by the recorder through an electronic circuit. Time interval between successively recorded pulses can be measured by use of an electronic counter. This simple method permits to record 20 pulses per second and measures the interval between any neighboring pulses.