In the article ''Women Undergoing Coronary Angiography for Myocardial Infarction or Who Present With Multivessel Disease Have a Poorer Prognosis Than Men' by Gijsberts et al,'' the investigators reported that major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) occurred more often in women than in men who presented with myocardial infarction (MI). Gijsberts et al identified the prognostic significance of gender difference in particular in patients with MI. However, because of the presence of some confounding factors, we would like to emphasize some points. Total ischemic time is an important prognostic factor in MI. In the study by Gijsberts et al, there are no data about total ischemic time, door-to-balloon time, and time to revascularization for patients with MI. Delay in primary percutaneous coronary intervention is an independent predictor of MACEs in patients with ST-segment elavation MI. Additionally, early invasive strategy may have beneficial effects on prognosis in selected patients with non–ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome. Hence, longer time to revascularization, door-to-balloon time, and total ischemic time may be reasons for higher MACEs rates in women with MI. The investigators should state the time to revascularization and total ischemic time for each group to confirm the real significance of gender difference for the prognosis after MI.


Abstract Adult ADHD is becoming a rather 'firm' diagnosis in adult psychiatry practice. Nevertheless it is a diagnosis that is often missed which leads to unnecessary distress to patients. This paper sets out the treatment possibilities.


Property rights system is a key factor which effects the operation and development of Chinese state-owned commercial banks,which have made a full range of reforms on the property rights system and gained significant effect in the new economic environment and financial system.This article probes into related issues of the property rights system reform in state-owned commercial banks in the theoretical and practical perspectives,makes a comprehensive summary of many past literatures in terms of the reform model,the reform path,the practice of reform and the effect of reform.On this basis,we make some summaries and evaluations on related researches of both domestic and foreign scholars.


Existing anonymous remote authentication protocols to secure wireless body area networks (WBANs) raise challenges such as eliminating the need for distributing clients' account information to the application providers and achieving forward security. This paper efficiently addresses these challenges by devising a scalable certificateless remote authentication protocol with anonymity and forward security for WBANs. Different from the previous protocols in this field, our protocol not only provides mutual authentication, session key establishment, anonymity, unlinkability, and nonrepudiation, but also achieves forward security, key escrow resilience, and scalability. Performance evaluation demonstrates that compared with the most efficient ID-based remote anonymous authentication protocol, our protocol reduces at least 52.6% and 17.6% of the overall running time and communication overhead, respectively, and the reduction in the computation cost and communication overhead achieves at least 73.8% and 55.8%, respectively, compared with up-to-date certificateless remote authentication protocol with anonymity.


In this paper, we propose a method for anonymizing unstructured texts using a quasi-identifier list. In our method, the system redacts from some parts of quasi-identifiers in the texts to the alternate characters such as "*", in order to prevent re-identification of information which should be kept in secrecy. However, this method has a room for an improvement for keeping the information on the original text as is. If the system anonymizes the texts and keeps the original texts as much as possible, the accuracy of the outputs by data mining techniques for the anonymized texts should be useful. Our method anonymizes quasi-identifiers to remain substrings which do not contribute to re-identification, in order to keep the information on the original texts as is. Concretely, the system identifies the substrings which should be redacted to satisfy the following two conditions: 1) Any terms in the quasi-identifier list satisfies k-anonymity by redacting characters. 2) The number of redacted characters is minimized. From the quasi-identifier list, we construct the anonymization dictionary which records the two number in advance; the number of quasi-identifiers which are anonymized in the same way, and a number of redacted characters of the anonymized quasi-identifier. However, this construction step is time consuming, because the system needs to retrieve a huge number of patterns. To solve this problem, we propose an acceleration method for constructing the anonymization dictionary using several heuristics and the set theory.


Purpose: This study was to figure out the effect of sacroiliac joints taping therapy on low back pain. Methods: 35 patients who visited to receive the treatments of the physical therapy in H orthopedic clinic in Kyoung-buk had been treated with spiral balance taping for 4weeks from 3 to 29, July 2006. They were divided 3 groups: acute, subacute, chronic. VAS(Visual Analogue Sacle) was analyzed for pain scale, and compared between the pre and post test among groups. Results: The acute patients` degree of the pain post therapy was decreased, the subacute patients` degree of the pain post therapy was decreased and the chronic patients` degree of the pain post therapy was decreased. There were statistically remarkable differences(p<0.05) in 3 groups. Conclusion: This results suggest that sacroiliac joints taping therapy to correct leg length inequality was effective on low back pain. (J Kor Soc Phys Ther 2006;18(6):51-57)


The present invention discloses a power grid timing sequence large data parallel loading method, to solve the problem, i.e., waiting phenomena occurs due to failing in parallel loading when multiple clients parallel loads an abundant amount of historical timing sequence data. By partitioning an index mapping table, the present invention performs partitioning preprocessing on a historical timing sequence data storage table according to the size of the amount of data to be loaded, and performs the processing of maintaining data locality of the abundant amount of historical timing sequence data to be loaded according to the range of the partition of the historical timing sequence data storage table distributed on each data node. After the abovementioned processes, disk IO conflicts and the network communication overheads between different nodes of the cluster encountered by the multiple clients when reading the index mapping data file can be effectively reduced when parallel loading the abundant amount of historical timing sequence data, therefore, performance issues caused by overload when loading the abundant amount of historical timing sequence data by a single node. The present method can fully use the distributed parallel processing ability to greatly reduce the time for loading the abundant amount of historical timing sequence data.


Concurrent with the increased growth in the minority population of the U.S. is an increase in longevity and subsequent focus on late-life disease progression, especially dementia. As a result of this focus, a variety of related demographic variables, including age, ethnicity, education, and gender have been associated with development of dementia. This study examined the relationship between the aforementioned variables and dementia within the Aging, Demographics, and Memory Study, a sub-study of the Health and Retirement Study. Participants were assessed in four waves, and were not reassessed after dementia diagnosis. The current study categorized participants as either demented (n=414) as identified in any wave, or normal (n=117) as identified in the final wave. Cognitively impaired not demented and deceased participants were not considered due to their lack of diagnosis. Cross-sectional weighting was used to include adjustments for sample selection, nonresponse adjustment, and post-stratification to U.S. population controls. Logistic regression analyses were conducted. Results revealed that age (OR=1.247, p<.001), Spanish as a primary language (compared to English) (OR=34.521, p<.001), a different primary language other than Spanish (OR=2.608, p<.001), identification as a non-Hispanic African American/Black (compared to Whites) (OR=1.074, p<.001), and being female (OR=1.237, p<.001) were associated with increased risk of dementia. Years of education (OR=.766, p<.001) and identification as Hispanic (compared to Whites) (OR=.069, p<.001) were associated with decreased risk of dementia. These results are noteworthy as they indicate populations vulnerable to dementia progression, demonstrating the fundamental need for expanded dementia programing and support to best promote quality of life.


Abstract Peanuts are easily contaminated by a variety of mycotoxins during growth, transportation, and storage, of which aflatoxin B1 is the most common. Aflatoxin B1 is one of the most toxic carcinogens known, and it can cause liver damage to varying degrees after ingestion. To explore the feasibility of detecting aflatoxin B1 contamination in peanuts by near-infrared spectroscopy, 115 peanut samples with aflatoxin B1 content in the range of 2.44 to 223.76 μg/kg were prepared. The near-infrared spectroscopy data of the peanut sample in the 940–1660 nm band was obtained, and the naive Bayes qualitative discrimination model based on the whole band was established. To improve accuracy and reduce dimensions, simplified models were built using characteristic wavelengths screened by Successive Projection Algorithm and Elimination of Uninformative Variables. The built model is verified internally and externally by omitting cross-validation. In comparison, the second derivative Savitzky–Golay Elimination of Uninformative Variables normal kernel density estimation naive Bayes model reached the optimum discriminant accuracy, with the comprehensive overall accuracy of validation set and prediction set were over 91.00%, areas under receiver operating characteristic curves was over 0.90. The results showed that the accuracy of the quantitative determination of aflatoxin B1 in peanuts by near-infrared spectroscopy was high, with a boundary of 20 μg/kg. This method is suitable for the qualitative determination of peanut aflatoxin B1.


Building a competitive position requires taking a number of different actions. One of these actions may be to focus on the values offered to customers. Customer value is usually something that solves a problem for the consumer (recipient), prevents frustration, as well as prevents any sense of discomfort. The basis for the creation and management of customer value is the construction of a set of diverse values for customers, aiming to satisfy their needs, and what more – to solve their problem. Each company must create its own map of values for its chosen clients that can provide the company with a competitive advantage. The aim of this discussion is an attempt to present an approach to long-term development of a company, based on the strategic dimensions of providing value for customers. A strategic approach may be an important element of achieving competitive advantage.


Aiming at the conventional extrusion defects of low utilization rate,high energy consumption and poor uniformity,approaches such as improvement of mold structure and change of action mode were adopted to realize the processing and forming of products with special shapes and performances. Thus,a large number of non- conventional extrusion process sprung up,which enriched the existing extrusion means and application fields. In this paper,the process principle,the technology characteristics and the application status of the special extrusion process were introduced in details,which had practical significance for improvement of additional values of extrusion process and development of expanding applications.


in 1961 represents Heidegger's selective self-presentational grappling with the history of metaphysics as the history of Being. Heidegger highlighted 'being's eventful pilgrimage through time', and thus elides any reference to his own politically engaged philosophical years, 1936–45, in which the Nietzsche lectures were delivered. Bambach claims 'that we read these texts poorly if we fall victim to the all too common habit of reading them out of context. Through a choreographed effort at auto-exegetical cleansing and purging, Heidegger presented these volumes to the public as proof of his apolitical motives during the nazi era.' Through Heidegger's effort to eliminate the political overtones of these lectures and replace them with references to his real interest, i.e. the matter of thinking, we encounter a philosopher presenting his thought purely as an intra-philosophical account concerning the mystery and history of Being. Bambach's central point, possibly one of the pivotal points of the whole book, is that Heidegger's motives, both early and late, were never purely philosophical. This is where I believe Bambach's work could be to some extent disputed. This book is an impressive work of scholarly erudition which brings to light many hitherto unexamined aspects of Heidegger's political, historical and philosophical narrative of 'rootedness'. It is a judicious discussion which challenges philosophical interpreters to re-examine, once again, Heidegger's philosophy and its bearing on his own political inclinations. This is an indispensable book for anyone with a real interest in Heidegger and will certainly serve to stimulate further discussion in this area. At the end of this book one is left with a feeling that Bambach has perhaps overstretched his interpretation of Heidegger and his philosophy of 'rootedness'. Nonetheless, this book does send a warning shot across the bow of Heideggerian purists to open their eyes to something other than the philosophical, i.e. the historical and political climate within which his philosophy took shape. One feels that Bambach is a man hugely drawn to Heidegger's philosophy but that Heidegger's 'antidemocratic metaphysics of autochthony' does not sit well with him, and understandably so. Yet I think Bambach goes that political mile too far by rejecting any attempt at separating the philosophical from the political. It would evidently be unwise of us to advocate such a separation at every juncture, but perhaps, at certain terminus points, it is necessary to allow philosophy to have its own clearly non-political motivations, even if we are talking about the thought of one Martin Heidegger.


The object of research in the article is the processes of interaction organization between participants in corporate relations, the combination of which is the basis for the formation of the corporate development strategy. It is proved that the model of corporate relations organization that was formed in Ukraine during mass privatization and post-privatization period has become a source of numerous obstacles to the sustainable development of domestic corporations and the establishment of effective mutually beneficial cooperation between CR participants. Based on the generalization of characteristics (general, specific, constitutive) sphere of identification of features of structural construction and activity of joint-stock companies using the methods of system analysis and formalization, the prerequisites and consequences of the manifestation of organizational construction features of corporate relations in the development strategy formation of the joint-stock company are determined. A system of indicators for assessing the structural organization of corporate relations in a joint-stock company is developed, the use of which makes it possible to ensure a comprehensive analysis of possible options for the distribution of corporate control in JSCs, taking into account the existing division of powers to make managerial decisions between the supreme governance bodies of the joint-stock company. A methodical approach is proposed to assess the structural organization of corporate relations and the distribution of corporate control in a joint-stock company. Motivational support of overcoming resistance to organizational changes in the process of implementing the development strategy of the joint-stock company is considered.


To explore the interference effects of a high-rise building on the snow load on a low-rise building with a flat roof, a series of wind tunnel tests were carried out with fine silica sand as a substitute for snow particles. The effects of the height of the interfering building and the distance between buildings on the snow distribution of the target building under three different wind directions were studied. The snow depth on the target building roof and the mass of particles blown off from the target building were measured during the wind tunnel tests, and the results showed that the snow distribution of the target building roof tends to be uniform when the interfering building is located upstream of the target building due to the shelter effect. When the interfering building is on the side of the target building, the snow distribution of the target building tends to be more uneven, because the interfering building increases the friction velocity on the target building roof near the interfering building. However, when the interfering building is located downstream of the target building, there will be an amplification effect of snow accumulation, and the snow distribution on the target building roof is nearly the same as that of the isolated condition. Under each wind direction, the interference effect of the snow load increases with the increase of the building height and the decrease of the building spacing. Therefore, the influence of the surrounding buildings on the snow distribution of the building roof cannot be ignored and should be considered in the structure design.


Purpose: We wished to introduce the curative effect of biofeedback in children with urge syndrome and dysfunctional voiding, and examine the durability of effect and the difference in response to medication before and after biofeedback. Materials and Methods: There were 15 patients with urge syndrome and 8 with dysfunctional voiding. Average age was 8.2 years old (range, 4-16 years). Pelvic floor relaxation biofeedback, voiding biofeedback, and intravesical biofeedback were enforced with 4-18 sessions (average, 7.4). We defined the patient with disappearance of more than 90% of symptoms as 'improved', disappearance of 50 to 90% as 'partially improved', and the rest as 'not improved'. We assessed the degree of improvement between groups, and changes in uroflowmetry, functional bladder capacity and response to medication after biofeedback. Results: Nine (60%) of the 15 patients with urge syndrome and 4 (50%) of the 8 patients with dysfunctional voiding showed improvement, and the overall response rate was 56% (13 of 23 patients). The mean follow-up period was 7.6 months, and the therapeutic effect lasted for 5.1 months. Among the 13 patients who were refractory to medical treatment, 8 (61%) improved and 3 with partial improvement responded well to medication after biofeedback. There were significant improvements in uroflowmetry findings; the numbers of bell shape and discordant shape (fractionated, staccato) before and after biofeedback were 7, 14 and 19, 4, respectively. Functional bladder capacity was also improved significantly from 177ml to 236ml (p=0.014). Conclusions: Biofeedback is an effective and safe treatment modality in most patients with urge syndrome and dysfunctional voiding. (Korean J Urol 2003;44: 1214-1219) ꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏ


Among the important contributions of ISO to the physics of the interstellar medium, this paper concentrates only on the emission from the solid phase (the interstellar grains) and the small atom clusters which are the bridge between the grains and the small molecules with less than about 10 atoms. The transiently heated very small particles model including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was introduced 15 years ago (see Puget, Leger 1989 for a review) to explain the unidentified infrared bands and the strong photometric emission detected by IRAS at 12 and 25 ^m everywhere in the galaxy, including cirrus clouds heated by the general interstellar radiation field (ISRF). The model could not be properly tested before ISO with its cryogenically-cooled payload giving unprecedented sensitivity to low brightness extended sources. Now ISO has brought a striking confirmation of the two major predictions of this model.


With the development of the times, the network security problem is becoming more and more serious, and the form of network attack is more complex and diverse. It can effectively detect various network attacks becomes the basis for effective prevention of network attacks. In recent years, artificial intelligence has attracted more and more people's attention, and its good learning ability has been favored by people. This paper uses the LSTM neural network with long and short memory function to train the KDD99 dataset, and identify the DOS according to the trained model. This is a research process of the planned adjustment for the hyperparameters to find the optimal solution after processing the data.


We study non-Hermitian Josephson junctions formed by conventional superconductors with a finite phase difference under non-Hermiticity naturally appearing due to coupling to normal reservoirs. Depending on the structure of non-Hermiticity, captured here in terms of retarded self-energies, the low-energy spectrum hosts topologically stable exceptional points either at zero or finite real energies as a function of the superconducting phase difference. Interestingly, we find that the corresponding phase-biased supercurrents acquire divergent profiles at such exceptional points, an instance that turns out to be a natural and unique non-Hermitian effect that signals a possible way to enhance the sensitivity of Josephson junctions. Our work thus opens the way for realizing unique non-Hermitian phenomena due to the interplay between non-Hermitian topology and the Josephson effect.


Introduction: Towards a Global History of National Historiographies S.Berger The Power of National Pasts: Writing National History in Nineteenth and Twentieth Century Europe S.Berger Seven Narratives in North American History: Thinking the Nation in Canada, Quebec, and the United States A.Smith The Mirror of History and Images of the Nation: The invention of a national identity in Brazil and its contrasts with similar enterprises in Mexico and Argentina E.de Freitas Dutra Writing the Nation in Australia: Australian Historians and Narrative Myths of Nation M.Hearn Between Myth and History: the Construction of a National Past in Modern East Asia Q. E.Wang Writing the Nation in India: Communalism and Historiography R.Seshan Writing the Nation in the Arabic-speaking World B.Schaebler Writing National and Transnational History in Africa - the Example of the 'Dakar School' I.Thioub Select Bibliography


Tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cells play a central role in immune responses to pathogens across all barrier tissues after infection. However, the underlying mechanisms that drive TRM differentiation and priming for their recall effector function remains unclear. In this study, we leveraged both newly generated and publicly available single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNAseq) data generated across 10 developmental time points to define features of CD8 TRM across both skin and small-intestine intraepithelial lymphocytes (siIEL). We employed linear modeling to capture temporally-associated gene programs that increase their expression levels in T cell subsets transitioning from an effector to a memory T cell state. In addition to capturing tissue-specific gene programs, we defined a consensus TRM signature of 60 genes across skin and siIEL that can effectively distinguish TRM from circulating T cell populations, providing a more specific TRM signature than what was previously generated by comparing bulk TRM to naïve or non-tissue resident memory populations. This updated TRM signature included the AP-1 transcription factor family members Fos, Fosb and Fosl2. Moreover, ATACseq analysis detected an enrichment of AP-1-specific motifs at open chromatin sites in mature TRM. CyCIF tissue imaging detected nuclear co-localization of AP-1 members Fosb and Junb in resting CD8 TRM >100 days post-infection. Taken together, these results reveal a critical role of AP-1 transcription factor members in TRM biology and suggests a novel mechanism for rapid reactivation of resting TRM in tissue upon antigen encounter.


The invention relates to a method for recovering glyphosate mother liquor, which is characterized in that the method comprises the following steps: (1) alkali-neutralizing the original mother liquor produced during the production process of preparing glyphosate, and then concentrating for obtaining the thick mother liquor; (2) introducing hydrogen chloride or adding hydrochloric acid into the thick mother liquor till sodium chloride in the mother liquor is precipitated, carrying out centrifugal separation, removing precipitates and retaining the mother liquor; (3) further concentrating the mother liquor obtained in the step (2), continuously precipitating the sodium chloride, carrying out the centrifugal separation, removing the precipitates and obtaining the mother liquor containing the glyphosate; and (4) using an alkaline substance for regulating the pH value of the mother liquor containing the glyphosate obtained in the step (3) till the equivalent point of the glyphosate is obtained, precipitating the solid glyphosate, filtering and recovering the glyphosate; or regulating the pH value to 4-8.5, thereby preparing aqueous solution of the glyphosate. Compared with the prior art, the method can fully utilize effective ingredients contained in the mother liquor, eliminate the pollution to natural environment and simultaneously and effectively reduce the cost of manufacturing the glyphosate.


Statistical Energy Analysis (SEA) response has been fairly well anchored to test observations for Diffuse Acoustic Field (DAF) loading by others. Meanwhile, not many examples can be found in the literature anchoring the SEA vehicle panel response results to Turbulent Boundary Layer (TBL) fluctuating pressure excitations. This deficiency is especially true for supersonic trajectories such as those required by this nation s launch vehicles. Response and excitation data from vehicle flight measurements gathered during the development flight era of the Space Shuttle have been used in a trial to assess the sensitivity of response analysis to certain known and unknown parameters of the flight. This assessment compares vibration response predictions for TBL excitations produced by the SEA tool to flight measurements. A secondary, but perhaps more important objective, is to provide more clarity concerning the accuracy and conservatism that can be expected from response estimates to TBL-excited vehicle models in SEA. What range of parameters must be included in such an analysis in order to land on the conservative side in response predictions? What is the variability produced in the results with changes in these parameters? The TBL fluid structure loading model used for this study is provided from the SEA module of the commercial code VA One.


There is a long-standing debate surrounding whether or not enhanced total internal reflection (ETIR) is possible. ETIR implies that the magnitude of the reflection coefficient is greater than unity and is conjectured to be possible when a field is incident from a lossless material to a gainy material beyond the critical angle. In this letter, we examine this problem through finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) modeling. The two-dimensional simulations employ a Gaussian incident beam and make no a priori assumptions about the reflection coefficient. We consider illumination of gainy, lossless, and lossy materials. The Poynting vector is used to examine the flow of energy. For a gainy material, the magnitude of the reflection coefficient is found to be greater than unity, but there is a delay between when energy enters the gainy material and when the "excess" energy is reflected from the interface. Thus, given the Goos-Hänchen shift associated with total internal reflection, where the reflected beam is shifted relative to the incident beam (so that fields must travel in the gainy material before being reflected), the existence of ETIR appears not only to be plausible, but to be inevitable.


Abstract Niche differentiation between closely related species leads to differentiation of their habitats. Segregation based on slight differences in environmental factors, that is niche differentiation on the microhabitat scale, allows more species to inhabit a certain geographic space. Therefore, such fine scale niche differentiation is an important factor in the support of species diversity. In addition, niche differentiation on the microhabitat scale and/or the differentiation of breeding seasons can be considered typical mechanisms that facilitate multispecies' co‐existence. In this study, sister species (Commonly, Ephemera japonica inhabit at upstream region and Ephemera strigata inhabit at middle stream region), which often coexist in the upper to middle reaches of river systems of the Japanese Islands, were targeted and the following aspects were investigated. First, differences in habitat preference and interspecific differences in flow distribution patterns on a geographically fine scale were tracked in detail. Subsequently, the temporal transitions of their distribution patterns were investigated in detail and seasonal changes were investigated. Finally, we thoroughly investigated the disappearance of nymphs of each species from the river due to emergence affected the distribution of each species (by conducting daily emergence surveys). Combining results of these multiple studies also suggested that there may be spatiotemporal interspecial interaction between these two species within/around their overlapping regions. Traditionally, the longitudinal distribution pattern of these two Ephemera mayflies has been thought to be established based on a difference in habitat preferences, but this study revealed that the interspecific interaction between the two species also plays an important role. This study provides new insights into species diversity and distribution pattern formation in river‐dwelling species.


Results from a study of nearly 100,000 women suggest that increasing skirt size over a lifetime--a proxy for waist circumference—may be an indicator of increased risk of postmenopausal breast cancer.


In our first of a new TNF initiative to use infographics in order to break down complex but interesting issues, Anna Wilson has covered the refugee crisis in Hungary. Please send feedback to tnf…


The paper presents field measurements of surge characteristics of a concrete pole, a buried single conductor and a grounding net for high-impulse currents with a maximum magnitude of 40 kA and with a wavefront duration of a few microseconds. The measured results show that the grounding resistances are greatly dependent on the applied currents and have a hysteresis characteristic. Finally, it is made clear that the grounding resistance has an energy dependence.


Palaeokarst is an important feature of late Dinantian exposure surfaces. Soil‐filled depressions are widely developed. These are comparable to modern day solution dolines and were probably interspersed by areas of relatively bare limestone pavement. The palaeokarst primarily exhibits a smooth, mamillated to potholed surface form, consistent with its formation beneath a soil cover. Areas between the depressions have been extensively stylolitised and would likely have originally been characterized by small‐scale fretted and sculpted karren forms typical of subaerial karstification. Palaeokarst pits making up the depressions are thought to have been initiated through stem‐flow drainage from trees. Rain water, intercepted by the crown of the tree, was concentrated at specific sites on the emergent surface and dissolution beneath the trunk produced cylindrical pits that propagated vertically downwards. Trees responsible for concentrating drainage may also have enhanced the acidic nature of the rain water through leaching of organic acids from foliar and woody tissues. Downward propagation of the pits was limited to the uppermost 1–2 m and enlargement primarily occurred through lateral amalgamation of adjacent pits. Once initiated, continued development of the depressions would have been self perpetuating; the preferential accumulation of volcanic ash and organic matter enhancing water retention and encouraging further vegetation growth. In contrast, intervening areas would have been characterized by slow vertical denudation only. Karstification likely took of the order of a few hundred years in the case of potholed palaeokarstic surfaces formed solely by stem‐flow drainage, to a few tens of thousands of years where the palaeokarst is more mature.


We show that certain integral positive definite symmetric tridiagonal matrices of determinant $n$ are in one to one correspondence with elements of $(\mathbb Z/n\mathbb Z)^*$. We study some properties of this correspondence. In a somewhat unrelated second part we discuss a construction which associates a sequence of integral polytopes to every integral symmetric matrix.


We consider a classical analogue of the well known quantum two-slit experiment. Charged particles are scattered on flat screen with two slits and hit the second screen. We show that the probability distribution on the second screen when both slits are open is not given by the sum of distributions for each slit separately, but has an extra interference term that is given with the quantum rule of the addition of probabilistic alternatives. We show that the proposed classical model has a context dependence and could be adequately described with contextual formalism.


Objectives: One of the most effective elements in the success of Intra Cytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI) is favorable endometer. Our study was designed to find the correlation of three-dimensionally measured endometrial volume and thickness and pregnancy outcome in the women undergone ICSI. Methods and materials: This cross-sectional study was conducted by reviewing 62 patients' obstetric records undergone ICSI in age <37 yr. The endometrial thickness and volume were assessed by 3D transvaginal ultrasound at the day of Human chorionic Gonadotropin(HCG) injection. Correlation between the endometrial thickness and volume with outcome of pregnancy were evaluated and the data was analyzed. Results: The overall pregnancy rate was 26%. Mean of the endometrial thickness and volume at the day of HCG administration in the women who conceived were 11.31±2.49mm, 6.62±4.23ml respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was shown that there were no significantly associations between endometrial thickness and volume with the pregnancy outcome. Conclusion: The results of the present study reveal that at least 11mm endometrial thickness and 5ml endometrial volume require achieving conception at ICSI cycles.


The purpose of this study was to get a result from the use of liquid smoke
coconut shell as a preservative in a product of beef sausage that will increase shelf
life, as well as to define the type of grade liquid smoke (grade I or grade II) most
optimally utilized as a preservative in a product of beef sausage , The research
consisted of two stages: a preliminary study to determine the shelf life of beef
sausage standards based organoleptic control is 2 days at room temperature, water
content of 71.03% and a total amount of microba is 2,04 x 10
3
 microbial colonies /
gram. The main intensive search conducted for estimating the shelf life of sausage
with the addition of liquid smoke at a temperature of 20
0
C, 25
0
C, 30
0
C, and 35
0
C
with the measured variable are the water content and total microbial count (TPC)
were processed using the Arrhenius method. The results showed that the shelf life
is based on water content of beef sausage with the liquid smoke longest grade 1 is
at a temperature of 20
0
C for 2.7 days while the second grade is 3.08 days, the shelf
life based on the total number of microbes on beef sausages with liquid smoke grade
1 at a temperature of 20
0
C for 3.09 days and 3.12 days for grade 2.

Keywords: Beef Sausage, Liquid Smoke, Shelf Life, Arrhenius Method


An apparatus and system for controlling traffic on an on-chip network. Embodiments of the apparatus comprise single-ended transmission circuits and single-ended receiver circuits on a first chip for coupling with a second chip, wherein the transmission circuits impedance matching and no equalization have and the receiving circuits have no equalization, wherein said the transmitting circuits and the receiving circuits statically configurable features and organized in clusters , and wherein the clusters have the same physical layer circuit design for different configurations of configurable features and include the configurable features half duplex and full-duplex operation, wherein the first chip and the second chip are located in the same housing, and wherein a plurality of conductive lines to coupling of the first chip are coupled to the second chip.


The pattern of agricultural development in the West Indies has, to a large extent, been determined by external political and economic factors. Political colonization of the area has led to the establishment of export crop industries serving the economic needs of the metropolis. And there has been little or no variation in the pattern to date. The area is still dependent on protected markets for its export crops and it imports large quantities of its own food requirements. Several factors call for a serious re-appraisal of the situation. The possibility of losing protection, relatively high-cost export production, deteriorating terms of trade, expanding food imports, and the strategic importance of Agriculture for further economic growth emphasise the need for a rationalisation of Agriculture as a whole.


Offshoring introduces John Urry's panoptic vision of a world in which democracy is all at sea. While the super-rich secret themselves away on extravagant treasure islands, the rest of the world is hard at work fuelling their indulgence. For Urry, the offshore world is dancing to the tune of Mont Pelerin's neoliberal thought collective, and the 2007-08 financial crisis can be decoded as an outcome of offshore entanglements – a perfect storm in which offshore finance, unregulated energy markets, excessive consumption, and the waste it generates converged. The book's closing chapter offers a template for 'reshoring', a broad project of democratic reform to be led by a 'low carbon civil society,' writes Paul Gilbert.


Cell-free massive MIMO (CF-mMIMO) provides flattened spectral efficiency throughout the network. Recently, multi-CPU CF-mMIMO (MC-CF-mMIMO) has been considered for addressing a scalability problem. However, MC-CF-mMIMO now suffers from a performance degradation problem in the boundary of the CPU overage, referred the CPU-edge. In this study, we analyze and improve the performance of MC-CF-mMIMO, focusing on the CPU-edge. First, we present a simple CPU cooperation scheme to mitigate the performance degradation problem on the CPU-edge. Then, we provide the closed-form expression of the downlink spectral efficiency according to the precoding schemes. Experimental results indicate that performance without CPU cooperation on the CPU-edge is degraded by 28.66% compared with CPU cooperation.


approved: ______________________________________________________ Gregory S. Herman Water-soluble quantum dots obtained through ligand exchange are widely applicable for biological imaging and marking, LEDs, and photovoltaics. Lipoic acid (LA) was reduced to dihydrolipoic acid (DHLA) using 365-nm soft UV light in a process known as photoligation, and ligand exchange with dodecanethiol-capped CuInS2-ZnS core-shell quantum dots occurred. The reaction was allowed to proceed 24-48 hours when using 50 mM LA in methanol and quantum dots dissolved in hexane. Reaction success was confirmed by continued solubility of quantum dots in methanol following high-speed centrifugation. The product was characterized using UV-visible spectroscopy, photoluminescence, and Raman spectroscopy. Quantum yield decreased from approximately 25% to 3% and a small red shift in peak location was observed after ligand exchange. The process described shows great promise for producing water-soluble quantum dots. Functionalization and end uses can be explored following additional experiments to improve water solubility and quantum yield.


Flower inflorescences can be induced directly on root explants from the late variety of chicory cultivated in vitro. In vitro explants require cold treatment and long days to produce flowers. Initial studies on the level of endogenous phenolics and cytokinins in root explants during chilling treatment showed important changes and similar studies were desirable on the effect of long day treatments. However, during long days it is quite difficult to know if variations in these compounds depend on the trophic effect of light, i.e., photosynthesis or on the photoperiodic effect, i.e., tautomeric change in the structure of phytochrome. To separate photoperiodic effects from photosynthetic effects, explants were maintained in short days (10 hours light) and given photoperiodic induction by very brief irradiation with a dye laser producing 660 nn light of 150 mw/cm2. Controls in short days do not flower but explants irradiated for only 0.5 minute by the laser produced flowers. Significant changes in dicaffeylquinic acids (isochlorogenic acid) were obtained after only 7 seconds irradiation which are also correlated with flower induction. The results suggest that laser irradiation may prove important in agricultural practice.


This project attempts to diagnose how dialogues can improve fluency in students of second year at Unidad Educativa Ernesto Gonzalez La Libertad, Province of Santa Elena. School year 2014-2015" to determine the best strategies and improve fluency.The proposal challenges students to improve their fluency with a handbook of dialogues specially designed for teens and adult students of elementary English. The theoretical framework gathers important bibliographic information about the variables of the topic. The methodology used to obtain information was field research, observation, surveys, interviews and the use of audio, video and pictures to evidence this work. With the acceptance of directors and the willingness of students a handbook of short and easy dialogues was designed and the proposal was implemented showing an increase of verbal fluency by the learners who now can use short phrases in daily conversations with enthusiasm.


Traction performance of 61 models of Indian tractors under three size groups viz. small ( 26 kW) have been analysed based do CFMTTI, Budni tractor test results. The result of the analysis reveals that the values of traction co-efficient (ratio of drawbar pull to drive wheel load) are more under unballasted condition than that under ballasted condition for all models of tractor under study. Traction coefficient varies among the different models of tractors. Similarly, the tractive efficiency (drawbar power to pto power ratio) are also found to vary among the different models of tractor irrespective of their sizes. These variations, which were observed even on the performance on concrete test terrain, might be the reason of improper matching of wheel load (ballast), power and tyre size.


The key regulator of cellular energy metabolism is the peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC‐1α). It is shown that PGC‐1α coactivates the pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK4) gene expression via the estrogen related receptor (ERRα). Our aim was to investigate the effects of high fat (HF) feeding and physical activity in the expression levels of these genes in the skeletal muscles of C57BL/6J mice.


This paper will address the application of RBS and HFS to issues relating to existing and advanced interconnect technology. In particular the paper will address issues relating to the need for monitoring the stoichiometry of bi-elemental systems such as silicides, titanium nitrides, copper doped aluminum, and silicon nitrides. The use of a stopping power correction for improving the RBS precision to better than 1% will be presented. New dielectric films present analytical challenges to measure the elemental composition using conventional RBS techniques. Several methods for improving the analysis of Low K films, including the uses of channeling the sample substrate, will be presented.


This technical publication focused on nursery production of anguillid eels from glass eels to elver using data gathered from eel farm surveys and rearing trials conducted by SEAFDEC/AQD as part of the JAIF (Japan-ASEAN Integration Fund) project on Enhancing Sustainable Utilization and Management Scheme for Tropical Anguillid Eel Resources in Southeast Asia.


The properties of a double probe in a plasma with electron beam are theoretically investigated through numerical analyses. The beam whose energy is higher than the floating potential affects the double probe and deforms its characteristic curve drastically. It is clarified that the estimation of the electron temperature of the background plasma from such a deformed curve is still possible.


A proposal to restructure the American Chemical Society's governance committees in the areas of professional relations and economic status was narrowly defeated by the ACS Council at its meeting earlier this month in San Francisco. The decision clouds efforts within the society, begun several years ago, to simplify and streamline ACS's governance structure. Rejection of the restructuring proposal was only one of several actions taken by the council during its nearly four-hour meeting, presided over by ACS president Ernest L. Eliel. Among other actions, as reported earlier (C&EN, April 13, page 4), councilors approved a shift in focus for uses of Corporation Associates dues, set 1993 ACS membership dues $2.00 higher than this year at $93, and selected two candidates for next year's president-elect. The unsuccessful restructuring proposal was included in one of two petitions to amend the society's bylaws acted on during the meeting. It ...


Psychological analysis, Freudian or otherwise, is a mark of our introspective age. Recent years have seen several attempts to probe into the character of Tirso's burlador (notably two articles by Gerald Wade') and to penetrate the nature of the women he seduces, the best of which I consider Ruth Lundelius' account in the Comediantes' Bulletin itself.2 What I intend postulating here uses her arguments as a point of departure. The interested reader is referred to her article on the basic question of whether or not Tirso actually championed women as claimed by Blanca de los Ríos and others, or, as Lundelius claims (and I would say, almost irrefutably), was pretty much a misogynist—if misogynist is just the proper term, about which more later. She limns the characters of Don Juan's four conquests, guilty as she accuses them of greed, deception, ambition, moral impotence, and various other sins deadly or venial, and concludes that for Tirso and educated clerics of his age in general women are poorly equipped to long resist the likes of Don Juan Tenorio. All this, she argues, stems from Scholastic—Aristotelian—Pauline—Biblical tradition, as surely it must. Such a portrait of women, she then concludes, is profoundly cynical, pessimistic, misogynie. The female of the species is intrinsically weak, morally corrupt. The only basic reason the women escape Don Juan's fate is not Tirso's supposed compassion for them but simple dramatic necessity: punishment must be centered on the protagonist. His victims, humbled and wiser, will be married off and the essential Tightness of social order and nature vindicated. It is difficult to argue against so essentially correct an assessment of the meaning of the Burlador, and I have no intention of trying. Still, there are some aspects of the problem worth further consideration. Besides the Lundelius—los Ríos positions, there have been, of course, others concerning Tirso and women. Otis Green, for one, has argued that Tirso favored them as neo-Platonist, idealizing perfect love, perfect beauty (vide his Venganza de Tamar, though he also wrote in the same play, as Green ad-


Summary. A monoclonal antibody, which recognizes a cross‐reacting idiotypic determinant present on human cold‐reactive autoantibodies with anti‐I or anti‐i binding activity, has been found to specifically inhibit the cold agglutination of red cells. This suggests that an epitope close to the binding site of such autoantibodies is being recognized.


The article analyzes the current legal problems regulating international civil aviation flights in China, is determined by compliance with national laws on international flights to the Convention on International Civil Aviation 1944 (Chicago Convention).


American robins (Turdus migratorius) are often pests of commercial fruit crops in North America. Because robins lack sucrase and cannot digest sucrose, they may develop an aversion to high-sucrose fruits. Thus, I tested captive robins with aqueous solutions of 15% (g/mL) mixed sugars (x% sucrose+y% glucose and fructose mixture = I5% sugar) to identify the level of sucrose required to develop a conditioned feeding aversion when digestible sugars are present. In 1-tube tests, robins decreased intake of 15% sucrose solutions 50% below baseline, but maintained stable intake of 3.75% and 7.5% sucrose solutions


-A denoising approach is proposed that based on the combination of wiener filtering, order-statistic filtering and wavelet, which denoise the LASCA(LAser Speckle Contrast Analysis)image of blood vessels in small animal. The approach first performs laser spectral contrast analysis on cerebral blood flow and brain blood flow in rat, get their spatial and temporal contrast images. Then, a denoising filtering method is proposed to deal with noise in LASCA. The image restoration is achieved by applying the proposed admixture filtering, and the subjective estimation and objective estimation are given to the denoising images. Key-Words: Cerebral blood flow, Brain blood flow, Wiener filtering, Order-statistic filtering, Wavelet, Laser speckle contrast imaging, Hybrid filtering.


In this paper, one approach of angle measurement of optical wedge used dual-frequency laser interferometer is referred. The asymmetry of the optical corner cubes in reflector housing is analyzed which has a notable effect on the uncertainty of the measurement result. The asymmetry is constituted by two components: ▵h, the height difference between optical corner cubes, and ▵α, the non-parallelism between two front surfaces of optical corner cubes. At last the influence of this error is obtained, and a precision compensation model for angle measurement is established. Keywords: dual-frequency laser interference, sinusoidal measurement angle, optical corner cube, asymmetry


The pore structure character of Chang 6 reservoir was analyzed by studying the effect of lithology,pore types and clay minerals on pore structure.It discloses the main characteristics of reservoir microproperty.This study provides basis for further exploration and development in this area.Effect shows that,as delta front facies deposition,Chang 6 reservior presents low mineralogic maturity and high texture maturity,low to moderate porosity and low permeahility;its pore structure includes primary inter- granular pore,intergranular dissolved pore and intragranular dissolved pore.Diagenesis,granularity and shale content have main effect on pore structure.Sedimentary micro-facies control granularity and shale content.So the sedimentary microfacies of the reservoirs in this area must be intensified.


The primary purpose for constructing and maintaining smooth pavements is to minimize vehicle dynamic response. Pavement roughness is more than just a ride quality issue. Excessive loads induced into a vehicle will reduce its useful life. Rough pavements increase vehicle operational costs due to added maintenance. Rough pavements can reduce a vehicles braking ability and severe roughness can be a safety issue, particularly during emergency stopping. This paper discusses the various methods used to assess existing pavements for roughness and states the need for additional pavement roughness assessment techniques.


Introduction: According to the World Health Organization, Brain Tumor (BT), malignant and benign, have an increasing incidence worldwide, mainly in those low and middle-income countries. Objective: According to these growing data in low-income health regions, this study aimed to describe the epidemiology of Neurosurgical BT in a low-income health region in Brazil. Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study. patients who underwent neurosurgery intervention in a high-complexity neurosurgery reference center from 2010 to 2018, with data collect from its medical records (age, gender, type of BT and neurological disorder, pre- and postoperative) were described. Results: A total of 197 patients who underwent a neurosurgical procedure due to Central Nervous System malignant BT was assessed. The mean age was 52.0 years (±16.9), in which 53.8% were female and 41.5% of those patients had a malignant brain tumor. Meningeal and mesenchymal tumors were the most frequent type of non-malignant brain tumor and astrocytoma was the most frequent malignant tumor. Before neurosurgical procedure, 85.8% of patients had some neurological disorder. After this, the number of patients with any deficit reduced to 42.6%. Conclusion: Despite being given data from one of the poorest regions of Brazil, it can be concluded that neurosurgical assistance is compared to that in developed countries. In our results a similar worldwide incidence of BT, and also a similar incidence of neurological disorders before and after neurosurgery were found.


There has been a growing interest in the last decade in extracting information on Suspended Sediment Concentration (SSC) from acoustic backscatter in rivers. Quantitative techniques are not yet effective, but acoustic backscatter already provides qualitative information on suspended sediments. In particular, in the common case of a bi-modal sediment size distribution, corrected acoustic backscatter can be used to look for sand particles in suspension and provide spatial information on their distribution throughout a river crosssection. This paper presents a case-study where these techniques have been applied.


SCOPE
The development of atopic dermatitis (AD) in infants is closely related to the lagging development of intestinal microbiota, including that inoculated by breast milk bacteria, and immune development. Lactobacillus reuteri Fn041 is a secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) -coated bacterium derived from human milk.

METHODS AND RESULTS
We intervened with L. reuteri Fn041 in maternal and offspring BALB/C mice during late gestation and lactation and after weaning of the pups, respectively. AD was then induced with MC903. L. reuteri Fn041 significantly suppressed AD symptoms such as skin swelling, mast cell and eosinophil infiltration. This effect was attributed to the regulation of the systemic Th1 and Th2 cytokine ratios and the promotion of CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3+ regulatory T cell proliferation in mesenteric lymph nodes. It is also associated with the regulation of intestinal microbiota, particularly promoting Lactobacillus and Akkermansia.

CONCLUSIONS
Our study strengthens the understanding that breast milk-derived sIgA coated potential probiotics are involved in the development of infant intestinal microbiota, thus promoting immune development and preventing allergic diseases, and expanding the knowledge of breast milk sIgA and bacterial interactions on infant immune development. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


The new generation of wireless networks is strengthening ocean development capabilities. The deep-sea detection ability of the offshore platform is being improved by Ocean Internet of Everything (OIoE) system formed by various equipment. This paper studies the application of a new generation of Artificial Intelligence (AI) wireless communication technology in marine monitoring platforms. The purpose is to solve the problem of high data redundancy and high energy consumption in multi-Automatic Underwater Glider (AUG) monitoring. In response to these problems, this paper proposes a matrix completion-based Sampling Points Selection joint Multi-AUG Path Planning (SPS-MAPP) scheme, which includes AUGs path planning and collection information matrix completion. In parts of AUGs path planning, the SPS-MAPP designed a multi-AUG trajectory optimization method using intermittent satellite communication. It proposes a reinforcement learning reward rule based on the idea of artificial potential field, which can effectively increase the coverage of AUGs trajectory. In parts of information processing, the SPS-MAPP proposes a 3-D matrix completion method, which searches for key nodes and edge nodes by designing regular sample points and operators to recover the entire space information. The experimental results show that the proposed SPS-MAPP scheme can effectively improve the subsea monitoring capability of multi-AUG.


Norway is an elongated country with large variations in climate and duration of winter season. It is also a high‐risk country for osteoporotic fractures, in particular hip fractures, which cause high mortality. Although most hip fractures occur indoors, there is a higher incidence of both forearm and hip fractures during wintertime, compared with summertime. In a nationwide longitudinal cohort study, we investigated whether cold ambient (outdoor) temperatures could be an underlying cause of this high incidence and mortality. Hospitalized/outpatient forearm fractures (International Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th Revision [ICD‐10] code S52) and hospitalized hip fractures (ICD‐10 codes S72.0–S72.2) from 2008 to 2018 were retrieved from the Norwegian Patient Registry. Average monthly ambient temperatures (degrees Celsius, °C) from the years 2008 to 2018 were provided by the Norwegian Meteorological Institute and linked to the residential area of each inhabitant. Poisson models were fitted to estimate the association (incidence rate ratios [IRRs], 95% confidence intervals [CIs]) between temperature and monthly incidence of total number of forearm and hip fractures. Flexible parametric survival models (hazard ratios [HR], 95% CI) were used to estimate the association between temperature and post–hip fracture mortality, taking the population mortality into account. Monthly temperature ranged from −20.2°C to 22.0°C, with a median of −2.0°C in winter and 14.4°C in summer. At low temperatures (<0°C) compared to ≥0°C, there was a 53% higher risk of forearm fracture (95% CI, 51%–55%) and 21% higher risk of hip fracture (95% CI, 19%–22%), adjusting for age, gender, calendar year, urbanization, residential region, elevation, and coastal proximity. When taking the population mortality into account, the post–hip fracture mortality in both men (HR 1.08; 95% CI, 1.02–1.13) and women (HR 1.09; 95% CI, 1.04–1.14) was still higher at cold temperatures. There was a higher risk of forearm and hip fractures, and an excess post–hip fracture mortality at cold ambient temperatures. © 2022 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).


Multiple sclerosis (MS), in young adults is the most common neurological disorder, the after 10-15% of the subsequent disease duration at risk for chronic dysfunction and disability. It is a great need for diagnostic tests which are improved in the MS in the art. Development of a panel of biomarkers specific to various pathophysiological mechanism, further understanding of the pathogenesis of MS, as well as diagnosis, classification, be important for the application of disease activity and treatment. The present invention, diagnosis of neurological disorders, more particularly, to the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis. Biomarker panel is provided which the subject may be used to discern whether with multiple sclerosis. Also, certain methods of such biomarkers are also described.


This paper presents an adaptive prediction method about source-specific ranges of binaural cues, such as inter-channel level difference (ILD) and inter-channel phase difference (IPD), for centrally positioned singing voice separation. To this end, we employ Gaussian mixture model (GMM) to cluster underlying distributions in the feature domain of mixture signal. By regarding responsibilities to those distinct Gaussians as unmixing coefficients of each mixture spectrogram sample, the proposed method can reduce artificial deformations that previous center channel extraction methods usually suffer, caused by their imprecise or rough decision about ranges of central subspaces. Experiments on commercial music show superiority of the proposed method.


The goal of this research are to see information about the theacher's perception toward implementation of managerial competency of headmasters. The population is 169 teacher's and the sample is 43 people that taken by simply random sampling . The instrument of this research is question with Likert scale models  that had tested for validity and reliability. Data analyzed using mean score. The result of this research are the teachers perception about implementation managerial competency of headmasters in SMP Negeri Kecamatan Pasaman Kabupaten Pasaman Barat stay in good category. Key word : managerial competency of headmasters


Strategic HR management has an impact on the performance of an organization and it can play an effective role. SHRM constructs organizations' desired objectives which are attainable and boost their performance. For that reason, this paper investigates the impact of strategic HR management on an organization's performance and the correlations between them. Researchers have done some studies on strategic human resources management and explored how strategic H management influences the performance of an organization. However, studies claim that strategic HR management positively impacts the performance of an organization, job attitudes, and personal performance of HR professionals.


We report a capacitance sensing circuit-based ear recognition technique that can lead to an introduction of bezel-less smart phone. The designed chip is fabricated with 130nm technology. The fundamental functionality of pseudo high voltage driving analog front end (AFE) is demonstrated. We also discuss the detection algorithm consisting of weak and strong classifiers. The measurement result showed the feasibility of replacing an existing proximity sensor with detection rate of 83%.


IN 1938, a report on maternal mortality in the Winchester Hospital for the years 1928–1937 was published,1 with the intention of demonstrating that good obstetrics could be practiced in a small hos...


This paper proposes an automatic verification platform for an audio algorithm in media System on Chip (SoC) named HA01. For media SoC, the complexity of internal reconfigurable audio algorithm and configuration process of algorithm leads to large amounts of test audio patterns. We recognize that the functional verification and FPGA prototype verification can share modules and thus achieve automatic verification based on corporation between software and hardware. Under the methodology, we developed an automatic verification platform. By applying this platform on the verification of HA01, the time cost of verification reduced more than 50%. HA01 is fabricated under 0.13μm by SMIC, total chip area is 9.92 mm2, and the max power is 43.5mW when algorithm running at rated operating frequency 50MHz.


The utility model relates to a steel bar connecting sleeve of a fabricated constructional member of a reinforced concrete member, which is characterized in that a steel pipe sleeve is relatively arranged outside a connecting steel bar, a zone at one end of the steel pipe sleeve is provided with an internal thread which is in screw-thread fit with the connecting steel bar, and the other end of the steel pipe sleeve is provided with a shrunk port which is connected with another connecting steel bar in a sheathing and rotary pulling mode. The steel bar connection of the reinforced-concrete fabricated constructional member does not need welding, so that the quick steel bar connection of butted members is realized, the connection quality is guaranteed, and the connection strength completely meets the standardized requirements of constructions on the steel bar connection. Two ends are completely-mechanically connected through the sleeve, the sleeve becomes a strong joint, and the length of the sleeve being short is only 90-120mm and is only 1/3 or even less of the chemical connection of the sleeve. The fabricated connection cost is low, and the steel bars after connection have structural strength. The fabricated construction speed is beneficially increased further, and the steel bars of fabricated field members basically do not welded connection. The steel bar connection of fabricated constructional reinforced concrete members is innovated.


A comprehensive introduction of multisensor optimal information fusion based on Kalman filter, the state fusion methods are summarized in this paper, and they are implemented with Matlab. Practice proves that Kalman filter has a good application prospect in multisensor optimal information fusion.


Although there are many studies showing positive effects of using Information and Communication Technology (IT) in the process of teaching and learning in general, the use of IT in teaching writing skills English as a Second Language (ESL) classes are still not highly recommended. This study tries to find findings on using IT in teaching English writing skills at high schools in Vietnam. This article only reports one part of the findings from a major project carried out at secondary schools in Vietnam in five areas of Sai Gon. This study only focused on data collected from four English teachers at a secondary school person interviewed by researchers. This study revealed that the use of IT in teaching very low English writing. The advantages of using IT have been reported to attract students' attention and facilitate student learning process, help improve student vocabulary and promote meaningful learning. Disadvantages found include difficult classroom control, distraction and student tendency to use short forms in their text. It is also revealed that teachers are often weak in managing problems and planning activities concerning the use of IT in teaching English writing. The results of this study are expected to provide insights Ministry of Education in Vietnam to improve low IT use in teaching English writing skills.


Ab initio calculations have been carried out for the lowest 1Σg+ state of H4. A contracted Gaussian basis set of two s and one p functions centered on each atom was used. Self‐consistent field (SCF), SCF plus all singly and doubly excited configurations, and full configuration interaction (2172 configurations) calculations were carried out. The results may be pertinent both to the H2+D2 reaction and the problem of the linear antiferromagnetic chain. It is predicted that two H2 molecules may approach to within 1.6 bohr with an energy only 43 kcal above that of the separated molecules. A van der Waals attraction of 22°K is predicted at H2 – H2 center of mass separation 7.1 bohr. Equidistant H4 is predicted to have lowest energy at 1.67 bohr, lying 7.1 eV below the exact energy of four H atoms but 44 kcal above two H2 molecules. The electronic structure of linear equidistant H4 is discussed as a function of H – H separation and no evidence of a Mott transition is found.


We study training of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) with ReLU activations and introduce exact convex optimization formulations with a polynomial complexity with respect to the number of data samples, the number of neurons, and data dimension. More specifically, we develop a convex analytic framework utilizing semi-infinite duality to obtain equivalent convex optimization problems for several two- and three-layer CNN architectures. We first prove that two-layer CNNs can be globally optimized via an $\ell_2$ norm regularized convex program. We then show that three-layer CNN training problems are equivalent to an $\ell_1$ regularized convex program that encourages sparsity in the spectral domain. We also extend these results to multi-layer CNN architectures including three-layer networks with two ReLU layers and deeper circular convolutions with a single ReLU layer. Furthermore, we present extensions of our approach to different pooling methods, which elucidates the implicit architectural bias as convex regularizers.


Process monitoring technology can help make the right decisions in manufacturing, but the complexity and scale of modern process industry processes render process monitoring difficult. Existing data-driven process monitoring methods utilize abundant monitoring data that are accumulated in industrial processes, but nonlinearity, high coupling, noise effects, and other problems continuously appear in process industry monitoring data. This study proposes a process monitoring method based on variational autoencoder and long short-term memory techniques. The method reconstructs the monitoring data by learning their distribution and time series characteristics under the controlled state, and then it monitors the state of the manufacturing process in real time by calculating the statistics. Evaluation is conducted using the Tennessee Eastman process case verification and experimental comparison method. Then, the proposed method is compared with the centralized process via principal component analysis and kernel principal component analysis. The results show that the proposed method can more significantly improve the effect of fault detection in distributed system process monitoring compared with the traditional method, and it has a better process monitoring effect.


Heterotopic pregnancy (HP) or simultaneous pregnancy is defined as the association of intra-uterine pregnancy (IUP) and extra-uterine pregnancy in the same patient. The diagnosis is difficult, and occurs very late. The main objective of this study was to detect a case study of an HP in a 32 years old patient admitted to the hospital for a delayed abdominal pregnancy. After observations, the patient who was nullipara with no abortion notion had a distended stomach without peritoneal irritation signs, nor occlusive syndromes. Results of the ultrasound revealed a delayed abdominal pregnancy of 26 weeks old, and no sign of IUP. A laporotomy indicated a late and undisrupted left ampulla pregnancy with a fetal deformation, and an inserted placenta on the left annex of the gestated uterus. A tocolysis realized during the first week post-surgery led to a spontaneous abortion two weeks later. Based on diagnosis difficulties, this study suggests a following up of pregnant women to guarantee a full term pregnancy without


Future airspace operations will allow flight crews to plan and fly their own preferred route and time of arrival without much intervention from air traffic control. This implies that pilots become more responsible for planning their own route while maintaining safe separation. This requires a strategic planning tool that support a high level of pilot Situation Awareness. Current aircraft are already equipped with terrain and traffic warning systems to, but these systems only provide short-term conflict resolutions. Recent studies have shown that a constraint-based approach to interface design could be used to support long- and medium-term decision-making and to provide a deeper understanding of the work domain. However, these studies were focused on either terrain or traffic. This paper aims to integrate both by showing the performance, traffic and terrain overlays on an experimental Vertical Situation Display. In a simulator evaluation, in which twelve professional airline pilots participated, this Vertical Situation Display was compared to a baseline Vertical Situation Display that only showed a terrain overlay and intruder aircraft relative to own ship. The experiment results revealed that the performance, traffic and terrain overlays improved pilots' overall situation awareness and pilots rated their workload lower. Regarding decision-making, however, the results were not significantly better. Regarding safety, there were less traffic conflicts, but more ground proximity intrusions.


With the rapid increasing of the single-chip integration level,hardware verification plays a more important role during the system design process than before.The module-level verification executed by designers is no longer able to ensure the success rate of tape-out.A variety of effective and advanced verification methodologies and tools are developed to assist designers find and locate the design flaws as early as possible.Under the guidance of the Verification Methodology Manual(VMM),this paper presents a layered verification environment to co-simulate both the RTL description and the reference model of WTB controller based on the IEC61375 standards.Taking advantages of the reusable VMM library,randomized function and assertion-based verification,we construct an efficient,reusable verification platform to improve verification efficiency and test coverage.The practice results show that the application of this approach can efficiently reduce the verification effort and the developing time of verification environment,as well as improving the quality of verifying.


Adolescent girls, independent of their migration background, and adolescent boys, specifically with a migration background, experience more depressive symptoms than boys without a migration background. Adolescent girls also benefit more from depression prevention programs than boys. However, no studies have examined the role of migration background on depression prevention. This cluster-randomized trial included 439 eighth-grade students (43.5% girls, 42.4% with a migration background) in Germany. Adolescents were randomized into either a 10-week universal prevention program or school-as-usual. Following our secondary analyses and as predicted, depressive symptoms decreased in girls in the prevention but not in the control group. Consistent with our hypotheses, boys did not benefit from the prevention program, nor was there a significant interaction between gender and migration background. Independent of condition, depressive symptoms increased in adolescents with a migration background. More research is needed to improve depression prevention for adolescent boys and in adolescents with a migration background.


In 1989, archaeologists found the remains of Shakespeare's Globe Theatre, in Southwark, London. The building, constructed in 1599 and rebuilt in 1614, was demolished by Cromwell in 1644. This article describes the history and ownership of the site from 1644 to the present. The current owners of the property carried out archaeological excavation before redevelopment plans, the site was scheduled, and the remains were sealed. The site presented a conservation dilemma. Excavation is questioned because further excavation would entrain demolition of Anchor Terrace (1834-1837) and would endanger the remains themselves owing to their fragile and unstable materials. Furthermore, conservation of the remains would be difficult and expensive. These considerations are weighed against the pressure to satisfy the curiosity of the public about Shakespeare's Globe Theatre.


Triose phosphate isomerase (TIM) is a diffusion‐controlled enzyme whose rate is limited by the diffusional encounter of the negatively charged substrate glyceraldehyde 3‐phosphate (GAP) with the homodimeric enzyme's active sites. Translational and orientational steering of GAP toward the active sites by the electrostatic field of chicken muscle TIM has been observed in previous Brownian dynamics (BD) simulations. Here we report simulations of the association of GAP with TIMs from four species with net charges at pH 7 varying from ‐12e to +12e. Computed second‐order rate constants are in good agreement with experimental data. The BD simulations and computation of average Boltzmann factors of substrate–protein interaction energies show that the protein electrostatic potential enhances the rates for all the enzymes. There is much less variation in the computed rates than might be expected on the basis of the net charges. Comparison of the electrostatic potentials by means of similarity indices shows that this is due to conservation of the local electrostatic potentials around the active sites which are the primary determinants of electrostatic steering of the substrate. Proteins 31:406–416, 1998. © 1998 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


The extensive use of heuristic technique for solving problem given in various field, not the least in power system analysis, has provided a source of inspiration in the determination of reactive power losses that occur along transmission the reactive power from source to consumer in deregulated power system. Based on the original idea of honeybees perform foraging activity from their colony to food source that available in their confines, it has been adopted as proposed in this paper to solve the allocation of reactive power losses to generators in the system by optimization approach. However for allocating the reactive power losses in deregulated power system purpose, multiple numbers of employed bees has been used in performing the Artificial Bees Colony algorithm. The results showed that performance and quality of the experiment is better compared to original ABC algorithm. Meanwhile, a comparative experiment is also performed on conventional method to observe the contribution of generators to power losses that occurs in the system with both methods. IEEE 30-bus Reliability Test System was chosen as a test system in this study.


In the context of the increase in energy prices and, as a consequence, on other inputs on the global and European market, the study aims to analyze the performance of the European Union's agriculture through the lens of the correlations and links that are established between different determinants/factors and which provide a much clearer picture of the agricultural sector than the analysis of the result/output and its contribution to GDP. The working methodology consisted in the comparative analysis of the statistical data related to the Member States and the aggregated general data for the EU 27 using the EUROSTAT data by processing them in order to achieve the proposed goal. The results indicate a high level of performance for a number of states that are not considered very important in this area and, in contrast, a lower level of performance for a number of states considered at the top of the pyramid in terms of performance. The derived indicators used and calculated within the research can represent basic elements in the fundamental analysis of the agricultural activity performance of a country and the European Union as a whole.


Efforts to imagine a sustainable world replete with global risk and crisis management capabilities are often hampered by conflation of previously little discussed individual, local, regional and universal understandings of human mortality. Pointing to these variable expectations and experiences of death and dying, the article demonstrates the insufficiency of economic and biomedical perspectives on mortality for building workable policies of risk or crisis management that fully address human senses of hazard, contingency and loss on a global scale. From the initial observation that most perceived hazards represent the observers' mortal vulnerability to the unforeseen, the discussion proceeds to advocate a broader "contingency approach" to risk management, in which principled responses to the prospect, as well as the reality of deaths of all causes are recognised as integral to policies of sustainable existence.


Deep carbonate reservoirs are subject to in-situ conditions of high temperature and high pressure. We consider six water-saturated dolomite specimens from these reservoirs and perform ultrasonic experiments to obtain the P- and S-wave waveforms and velocities at different pressure and temperature conditions. The P-wave attenuation is estimated with the spectral-ratio method. The results show that with the increase of temperature, the velocities slightly decrease and attenuation increases. At effective pressures less than 40 MPa, the P-wave velocities increase sharply with pressure, and then approximately linearly at higher pressures, while attenuation decreases gradually with pressure. The crack porosity as a function of pressure is obtained from the experimental data. The P-wave velocities decrease with this porosity while attenuation has an opposite behaviour. Then, a multiscale poroelasticity model considering micro-, meso- and macro-scale fluid-flow mechanisms is proposed, to analyze the effects of the fluid properties, temperature, and crack content on the wave responses. The model results agree well with the experimental data at different pressures, which provides a theoretical basis for the analysis of broadband wave velocity dispersion and attenuation phenomena of carbonate reservoirs and underground porous media in general.


An innovative methodology named Equilibrium Accessibility Analysis based on modified Incentive Algorithm is presented for resolving two-decision maker demolition disputes. Incentive Algorithm is modified by taking into account the irreversible moves and path-dependent transitions. Thus, reachable is identified at the modeling stage, and the path generation step at analysis stage is modified. The major contribution of this research is the Equilibrium Accessibility Analysis, which considers whether the equilibriums are accessible. The systematic procedure of Equilibrium Accessibility Analysis is put forward, and five equilibrium accessibility definitions under five cases are proposed. Thus, equilibriums can be refined reasonably and effectively. A real-life demolition dispute is used to illustrate how this new methodology can be conveniently and effectively applied in practice.


Propargyl ethers of 7-hydroxy-, 4-hydroxy-, and 4-methyl-7-hydroxycoumarins have been efficiently rearranged to pyranocoumarins and furocoumarins under microwave irradiation; improved thermal rearrangement of these ethers was also reported.


Waste bank-based management concept is needed to be able to recycle the waste produced by each individual in the household. The presence of SJM (Simpan Jadi Mas)Waste Bank on sub village V of Sicanang, Belawan, Medan City, is managed to change the paradigm of people who formerly saw the waste as a dirty, disgusted object and had no meaning, but now it has turned into something which is valuable and can be saved. Based on that, this study will see how the use of waste savings for poor families in Belawan Sicanang village of Medan. In this study, it will be described some theoretical descriptions related to the concept, the advantages of waste banks and waste savings as well as the poor families. The research method used a qualitative approach with five poor families as the subjects who become the customers of SJM Waste Bank. The data collection technique used is in-depth interviews with data analysis technique used a qualitative approach of interactive model as proposed by Miles and Huberman. The results of this study found that there are two advantages resulting from the waste savings they are economic advantages and social advantages. The economic advantages are marked by extra income of poor families used to meet the food needs, to meet the cost of children's meals and to help the rental cost of boat. Meanwhile the advantages of waste savings socially is there are a change in behavior that is marked by a change of behavior in sorting the inorganic waste by types and the increasing participation in preserving the environment. Besides that, there is individual skills improvement on poor families which is marked by the ability to recycle the inorganic waste into creation things.


Abstract : A hazard evaluation of the candidate face net impregnant dibutyl tartrate (ENT 396) was performed by means of laboratory animal studies using rats and rabbits. The technical grade compound did not produce primary irritation when applied to the intact or abraded skin of rabbits. Mild injury to the cornea and slight chemosis, redness and discharge of the conjunctiva resulted from a single application to the eyes of rabbits. Data indicate little acute toxic hazard from accidental ingestion. Acute aerosol and subchronic saturated vapor inhalation exposures of rats resulted experimentally in no deleterious effect.


Taking into account the problem of soil salinity,total dissolved solid(TDS) of groundwater and groundwater level(GWL) existient in the low plain around the Bohai Sea,the authors collected soil samples at the depths of 0~20 cm from 127 sites in the plain,determined the soil salinity,and measured shallow groundwater depth in 130 sites and TDS of water samples in 128 sites.Classical statistical and geostatistical methods combined with GIS technique were used to analyze spatial variability of soil salinity,TDS and GWL.The results show that spatial variability of soil salinity and TDS belongs to the moderate degree while GWL belongs to the strong degree with Cv being 0.91,Cv being 0.87,and Cv being 1.06.The semivariogram and cross-semivariogram of soil salinity,TDS and GWL were fitted by the spherical and the exponential model respectively.Spatial correlation of single variables belongs to the moderate degree,while cross variable belongs to the strong degree,with spatial correlation distance 135.6 km to 223.2 km longer than 40.6 km to 144.8 km.Ordinary Kriging and CoKriging maps show that soil salinity and TDS spatial distribution are almost the same,increasing from the inland plain tothe east coastal plain,spatial distribution difference exists in different altitudes,and the soil salinity and TDS rise with the decrease of the altitude;nevertheless,things are just the opposite for GWL.Soil salinity is high in Tangshan-Tianjin-Cangzhou-Dongying-Binzhou,TDS is high in some areas of Tianjin and Cangzhou,and GWL is low in the Yellow River Delta.In comparison with the ordinary Kriging with the same sampling numbers,the root-mean-square error produced by CoKriging decreases by 0.29%~4.78%,while the correlation coefficient between the predicted value and the measured value increases by 2.03%~20.58%.


This chapter discusses the management of waste cooking oil (WCO) in a sustainable manner in order to protect the environmental pollution. Increasing consumption of edible oils worldwide leads to generation of substantial amount of waste cooking oil (WCO). While WCO is not considered toxic, large amount of WCO can contribute to environment pollution if not being handled properly. The huge generation of WCO in the world creates problem of collection, treatment and disposal. Due to its chemical features, the recycling of WCO not only provides a renewable feedstock for producing biofuels and bio-based products, but also alleviates environmental pollution arising from its improper handling. This chapter also provides an overview of some recent approaches in WCO recycling and applications.


Web databases (WDB) provide different types of query interfaces to access data. While the simple query interface (SQI) is one of the most popular interfaces,most existing works use a complex query interface to perform schema recognition of the backend databases. This paper presents a method for instance based query probing and schema identification through SQI. A query probing strategy was developed to generate the full-conditioned query. An extended identification method for the non-query attributes for result schema was developed to effectively improve the attribute recall rate. Tests on website of online book,movie and mobile phone shopping sites show that this method achieves accurate recall of schema identification.


1. A method of manufacturing polyurethane foam comprising the following steps: preparation of the mixture in the mixing head, wherein the mixture comprises: A) a component capable of reacting with isocyanates; B) component detergent (surfactant); C) component - the blowing agent from vybrannyy group which includes linear, branched or cyclic alkanes with 1 - 6 carbon atoms, linear, branched or cyclic fluoroalkanes having 1-6 carbon atoms, N, O, argon and / or CO, wherein component - blowing agent C) is in a supercritical or eye lokriticheskom state; D) a polyisocyanate component; - output mixture comprising components A), B), C) and D), from the mixing head, wherein in deriving the pressure of the mixture taking place in the mixture is reduced to atmospheric davleniya.2. The method of claim 1, wherein after mixing components A), B), C) and D) the pressure is from ≥40 to ≤150 bar bar.3. The method of claim 1, wherein the mixing head arranged in the means for increasing the flow resistance in the derivation of a mixture comprising components A), B), C) and D) .4. The method of claim 1, wherein component A) comprises a polyester polyol having a hydroxyl number of ≥200 mg KOH / g to ≤600 mg KOH / g and a short chain polyol having a hydroxyl number ≥800 mg KOH / D.5. The method of claim 1, wherein the detergent component B) comprises a polyethylene oxide-polyester oligodimetilsiloksanovymi end groups, wherein the number of dimethylsiloxane units is less than 5.6. The method of claim 1, wherein the hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) of the detergent component is from ≥10 to ≤18.7. The method of claim 1, wherein the detergent component B) is covalently bound to a compound capable ReA


The terminal velocity of kiwifruit falling through a fluid is largely dependent on the density and hence the dry matter content of the fruit, but is also almost independent of fruit size and shape. This article shows how a water-based flume could be used to separate kiwifruit for its internal (taste-related) properties in bulk quantities and at high speed, obviating the need to use density-enhancing salts, which are less desirable. The mathematics of flume operation are discussed, and trials of a laboratory flume were conducted. It is shown that below a density of 1020 kg m-3 (dry matter approximately 12.5% for kiwifruit), the standard error of the separation reaches 5 kg m-3 (~1% dry matter). This may be adequate to provide useful removal of low-quality kiwifruit from a line that fails grade standards. The flume sorting standard deviation increases with density, reaching 13 kg m-3 at 1045 kg m-3 (2.5% at 18% dry matter). This higher sorting error may limit the use of the technique for separating better tasting, high dry matter fruit from a product stream unless the fluid has its density artificially increased by the addition of salts, which introduces operational disadvantages.


All components are accompanied by some parasitic parameters during the DC converter experiment. These parameters have a certain effect on the voltage conversion rate and efficiency of the converter. In this paper, a three-level Sepic converter with high-voltage gain and low-voltage stress coupled inductor is studied to optimize the performance of existing DC converters. Firstly, constructing the differential equation of the converter according to the state space averaging method. Then, calculate the relationship between voltage gain and converter efficiency under the influence of parasitic parameters for analyzing the impact of each parasitic parameter on circuit performance. At last, through the Saber simulation, a correct result of the parasitic parameters affecting the converter is obtained.


Since the present university leading cadre capability evaluations are mainly static, it is lack of evaluation methods to address dynamic and multi-scale-based situation. While the developing trend and potentialities are important factors to address people's performance and they can't be ignored. This paper uses multivariate delay connection number to tackle this problem. First evaluation results of previous periods are taken into the current period and revising values of uncertain numbers. Next, a dynamic evaluation model is built for university leading cadre. Finally, a numerical example is used to prove its feasibility and effectiveness.


Textual and exegetical analysis of the epilogue of Callimachus' Aitia (fr. 112 Pf.): the goddess mentioned there appears to be Cyrene, and Callimachus probably drew on the section devoted to her in Hesiod's Catalogue of Women.


Crustobedy geomorphology is a kind of theory and method of geomorphology which studies both the results and histories of landforms,by absorbing the theories and methods of historistic-causationist geotectonics,so as to resolve the traditional geomorphological problems. This article puts forward the concepts of "Four geomorphic factors"and "Crustobody geomorphic cycle" by means of result-historyanalysis, prtting the relieves on the backgrouhds of geotectonics, and advocates that both the erosive and sedimentary processes be studied unitedly.


Abstract : Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is a pre-invasive stage of breast cancer in which the malignant cells have not penetrated the basement membrane. From our initial allelotyping study of DCIS we determined that the background rate of loss of heterozygosity (LOH) is low (5%). The chromosomal regions showing LOH, significantly above background were 8p, 13q, 16q, 17p and 17q. in our 1996 report we described the LOH mapping of a regon on 8p (30% LOH) containing a; putative tumor suppressor gene (TSG) which we refined to a small interval of approx. 1.4 cM between the markers D8S265 to D8SD520. Last year (1997) we described continued mapping work in this region including construction of radiation hybrid maps and initial progress on assembling a YAC/BAC contig for the region. During this project year we completed construction of an integrated YAC/BAC contig which enabled more precise measurement of the physical size of the region containing the putative TSG (1240 Kb). We also constructed a fine structure radiation hybrid map for the critical region. Four cDNAs from the 1.4 cM/1240 Kb region have been identified. DNA sequencing is in progress.


With the increasing use of sensors and actuators in technical systems and knowledge-intensive services the need for processing the information captured by these sensors and "making sense" out of it increases. Knowledge fusion is supposed to contribute to this field since it aims at integrating knowledge from different sources. Development of knowledge fusion solutions is a complex task which can be compared to systems and software development. As in other development areas there is a need for efficient development processes which can be supported by reusing solution parts, such as patterns or components. The paper brings together experiences from knowledge fusion subsystem development and from design of knowledge fusion patterns. The main contributions of this paper are (1) a real-world application scenario presenting typical requirements to knowledge fusion systems, (2) application of knowledge fusion patterns from context-based decision support to situation recognition, (3) recommendations from this application case.


Planning international and internal situation as a whole plays a very important part in choosing"the centarl task" during our country's construction.It is an unavoidable problem in summarizing experiences since China's foundation for sixty years.The different views of overall consideration to the two situations(from " the theory of war pattern"to"the theory of peace and developmen";from "preparing for war " to "concentrating on economic construction") have a great inflence upon international politics,especially internal construction pattern and policies in dealing with Taiwan problems.Under the reform situation,we have affirmed Deng's views of overall consideration in an all-around way.In historical differentiation,we didn't negate hastily Mao's view of overall consideration.This is the negation of historical negation,historical dialetics.


This paper presents expressions useful in evaluating the gain of a double-stream amplifier having thin concentric electron streams of different velocity and input and output gaps across which both streams pass.


A simultaneous separation and preconcentration of lead, cadmium, zinc and copper from high-salt content matrices for subsequent electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometric determination was developed. The metals were preconcentrated on a micro-column filled with polyethylene powder impregnated with the complexing agent 1-(2-pyridylazo)-2-naphthol. The determinations, without the interference of the saline matrix, were carried out after metals elution with a small volume of an ethanolic solution of nitric acid. The saline matrices were sodium, potassium, magnesium and calcium chlorides, sodium acetate and bicarbonate, which constitute concentrates for hemodialysis. The immobilisation capacity of the complexing agent is about 2.5 µmol per gram of polyethylene and the column capacity with respect to each metal is about 0.75 µmol per gram resin for copper, cadmium and zinc and 0.25 µmol per gram for lead. For the optimisation of the procedure, effects of sample flow rate and pH, eluent composition and concentration, and the influence of salts on the complexation of the metals were investigated. The proposed method was characterised by a precision of about 95% (n = 3) and recoveries from spiked samples of the salts were 81–112%. All results were in agreement with those obtained by anodic stripping voltammetry, the technique used for comparison. The method was applied to the analysis of saline concentrates for hemodialysis, where the investigated metals were found in concentrations between 3.1 µg l–1 for cadmium and 90.5 µg l–1 for zinc.