Nowadays, with the widespread usage of mobile appliances such as mobile phones and laptops, as well as the recent boom in environmentally friendly EVs, the need for a technique to wirelessly charge these devices has increased. Wireless power transfer systems can not only increase the mobility of the electronic devices, it is also essential for the spread of EVs. When wireless power transfer is achieved, the process of charging the devices will be made a lot more convenient as we do not have to plug the cord into the socket. Furthermore, as power can be constantly transferred to the devices, the battery size can be reduced. This will not only reduce the cost of the devices, the small sized of the batteries will further increase the portability of the devices. Also, in the case of EVs, the danger of being electrocuted due to the wear and tear of an old cord, or rain will be avoided, making the charging process safer. To achieve wireless charging, the wireless power transfer system must satisfy these three conditions: high efficiency, large air gaps, and high power. Currently, the most common wireless power transfer technologies are the electromagnetic induction and the microwave power transfer. However, the electromagnetic induction method has a short range, and microwave power transfer has a low efficiency as it involves radiation of electromagnetic waves. Recently, a highly efficient mid-range wireless power transfer technology using magnetic resonant coupling, WiTricity, was proposed. It is a system that transfers power in between two resonating antennas through magnetic coupling. It satisfies all three conditions to make wireless charging possible as it has a high efficiency at mid range.(approximately 90% at 1m and 50% at 2m at 60W) Until now, this phenomenon was explained using mode coupling theory. However, this theory is often complicated, and inconvenient when it comes to designing the circuits around the system. We study this phenomenon using antenna design theories and circuit design theories. The characteristics of the antennas are explained using equivalent circuits, electromagnetic analysis, and experiments. The frequency characteristic of the antennas and its relation to efficiency is studied. This paper studies the wireless power transfer system via magnetic resonant coupling at a restricted frequency range (13.56MHz). A system to improve the efficiency of the power transfer based on impedance matching (IM) is proposed. The aim is to improve the efficiency by using an IM circuit to tune the resonance frequency of the system to the frequency of the power source. The parameters of the tuning circuit are calculated based on the equivalent circuit of the antennas, and impedance matching theories.


Water network construction makes water increased connectivity, for the water self-purification ability also has the corresponding improvement effect. With Xiaoqing River of Guangrao County segment as an example, paper built the simulation model of river water quality based on MIKE11, and simulated the connected water body self-purification capacity. Results show that water body connectivity can improve the water quality of Xiaoqing River to a certain extent.


The challenge in HF Surface Wave Radar (SWR) lies in the detection of a target signal in the background of a strong sea clutter. A novel detection scheme is proposed which assumes that for a given Range Doppler (RD) cell in absence of a target, the normalized second order sea clutter power along the azimuth cells will be correlated over neighboring Doppler cells. This assumption is proven analytically by using the well established unimodal wave directional spectra. A target within the second order sea clutter can be detected with the price of higher computation cost.


eart failure (HF) affects over 5.8 million individuals in the United States and over 23 million worldwide.1,2 There are approximately 2.4 million hospitalizations in the United States that attribute HF as the primary or secondary cause each year.1 Responsible for costs of upwards of $39 billion annually in the United States alone and high rates of hospitalizations, readmissions, and outpatient visits, HF represents a substantial burden to the healthcare system.1 Prognosis is poor once a patient has been hospitalized with HF; the mortality risk after HF hospitalization is 11.3% at 30 days, 33.1% at 1 year, and well over 50% within 5 years.2 HF is also increasing in both its incidence and prevalence, placing a substantial burden on the healthcare system.1,2 Although it has been generally presumed that physicians incorporate national treatment guidelines into clinical practice, the actual assimilation of evidence-based strategies and guidelines has been demonstrated to be less than ideal.3–8 Studies of HF care show that treatment guidelines are slowly adopted and inconsistently applied, and thus often fail to lead to improvements in patient care and outcomes. Gaps, variations, and age-, sex-, race/ethnicity-, and socioeconomicbased disparities in HF care have been described.3–8 A number of studies indicate that a significant proportion of hospitalizations and deaths in patients with HF could be prevented with better implementation of evidence-based therapies in eligible patients without contraindications.2 These statistics emphasize the need to develop and implement strategies to improve HF care. This article will review the role of performance improvement registries to improve the care and outcomes for patients with HF. The role of well-designed clinical registries in providing important mechanisms to conduct clinical research, analyzing patterns of care, monitoring patient safety, and evaluating healthcare effectiveness will also be discussed.


BACKGROUND AND AIM OF THE STUDY
Removal of the entire infected system is the traditionally indicated management of pacemaker lead endocarditis (PLE), based on expert recommendations. Herein is described the present authors' experience with this condition.

METHODS
Between 1987 and 2004, all consecutive patients with PLE treated at a tertiary referral university hospital and a community hospital were prospectively selected. Clinical features, management and outcome were analyzed.

RESULTS
Thirteen cases of PLE were diagnosed. Surgery was performed in 10 cases, and medical treatment alone in three (due to advanced age in two cases and because of terminal colon cancer in one case). Four subjects died before discharge: three deaths occurred after surgery (one patient died due to refractory ventricular arrhythmia and two from persistent sepsis), and one unoperated patient died from sepsis and severe renal failure. No deaths or late surgeries were observed after a mean follow up period of 37 +/- 14 months. Both patients who survived hospitalization and underwent only medical treatment were free from late complications after 30 and 60 months follow up, respectively.

CONCLUSION
Some patients with PLE present a good evolution without surgery, suggesting that surgical treatment is not mandatory in this situation. However, an indication for surgery may be similar to that for other cases of infective endocarditis.


There is provided a pressure transducer comprising a housing (11) to which a pressure sensor (12) is fixed. According to the invention a micromechanically fabricated area is provided with a reduced wall thickness in said housing, which defines a separation membrane (22) so that the fluid in a channel (16) located not on the pressure sensor (12) acts. The pressure sensor (12) is directly connected to a sensor diaphragm (24) via a connection layer (23) with the separation membrane, creating a very space-saving construction of the pressure transmitter is possible. Thus, the pressure transducer of the invention can be formed for example by the pressure sensor, and a channel structure made of micromechanical design, for example, a microreactor. In the range of the pressure transducer produces a low dead volume in the channel structure.


THE subject that is to be discussed this evening is of the utmost importance not only to the people of this State, but to the entire nation because it has to do with the conservation of one of our most valuable resources, viz., fuel oil.


The authors have studied the anti cancer effect of isolates from crude extracts of A. loheri. It was already known that a number of other compounds obtained from different Aglaia species were found to be cytotoxic to tumor cells, supporting the possibility that A.loheri should be investigated. The active fractions obtained from the extracts of A.loheri were selected by bioassay-guided isolation and the active principle was characterized by mass spectroscopy and NMR. The authors tested the isolated active component against a sensitive and a multidrug resistant cell lines, suggesting it as a promising new drug for further development to be used for MDR tumors. The problem of multidrug resistance is, presently, the major drawback of chemotherapy and many efforts are being invested in finding new drugs that are not substrates for MDR transporters.


The present invention discloses a method and Almond protein beverage production process, it is 0.05 parts by Almond nuts as raw material, softened by soaking, grinding, shearing emulsification tank after filtration was added to emulsify shear, followed by addition of 0.06 parts by volume sugar is dissolved to form a beverage parts Almond nuts, and finally supplemented with 0.008 parts of sugar, 0.0013 parts of xanthan gum, glyceryl monostearate 0.0012 parts, 0.0006 parts of sodium tripolyphosphate, pyrophosphate 0.0004 0.00015 acesulfame and sodium, and adjust the PH value to 7.5 to 8.0, and finally add perfume homogenized, filtered, autoclaved obtain Almond protein beverage of the present invention; of the fractional parts are by weight. The present invention is produced Almond protein beverage containing much higher than other protein drinks and vitamin E, unsaturated fatty acids, has a good anti-cancer effect and has a good effect on the prevention of cardiovascular diseases.


The introduction of the Federal State Standards of Higher Education presupposes the qualitative change in the organization of training through the widespread use of e-learning systems. The relevance of the problem studied in this paper is caused by the need to implement and improve the effective management of elearning. The purpose of the study is the theoretical justification and practical implementation of the mechanism for managing e-learning in the electronic educational environment (EEE) of the University. The paper gives the definition of the learning process management. It describes the student model in EEE and gives the characteristics of its component parameters. The task of managing the learning process is formulated taking into account the target setting. The described scheme of managing the e-learning process is implemented in the program module of management and construction of learning scenarios in the EEE. Due to the relevance of the issues discussed in the paper, it may be interesting and useful to teachers and tutors of higher educational institutions both in theoretical and practical aspects.


To adapt to the rapid development of information technology and the constantly changing internal and external environments,based on EIS construction,the East China Grid improved its financial management through Business Process Reengineering(BPR).


Transportation Terminals C. Richard Cassady, Ph.D. Department of Industrial Engineering University of Arkansas Stephen A. LeMay, Ph.D. Department of Marketing, Quantitative Analysis, & Business Law Mississippi State University Kellie Schneider DeAnne Starks Paul Chai Department of Industrial Engineering University of Arkansas DISCLAIMER: The contents of this report reflect the views of the authors, who are responsible for the facts and the accuracy of the information presented herein. This document is disseminated under the sponsorship of the Department of Transportation, University Transportation Centers Program, in the interest of information exchange. The U.S. Government assumes no liability for the contents or use thereof.


The web service ThermoChemDC is designed to address selected thermochemical calculations of chemical reactions for the purposes of process modelling in the acquisition and processing of raw materials. The first version of the web service contains the calculation of the heat capacity change, the calculation of the heat of reaction, the calculation of the change of entropy, the calculation of the Gibbs free energy, and the calculation of the logarithm of the equilibrium constant. Web services represent a shift from large monolithic applications structures to the components -based model. Web service is the dominant representative of service-oriented architecture, which is briefly described in the introductory part of the contribution. The second part of the article describes the purpose of ThermoChemDC web service. The main part of article is devoted to the proposal for extension of the ThermoChemDC web service. This section addresses five aspects of the web service functionality supplementing. The first aspect is the possibility of extending the calculations of the equilibrium partial pressures of the chemical equation; the second aspect is the further addition of new substances within the web service TermPropService. The third aspect specifies the new principle of the web service error states solution using separate database table with multiple language versions of descriptions the error status of the service. A fourth aspect is the proposal for a new method of service that provides detailed information about the service, its features and capabilities, about cooperating web services, input parameters, outputs and output structures and error states of the service. The fifth aspect is devoted to the adaptation of presentation client application. In conclusion, the results obtained are summarized and outlined the way forward in addressing the issue.


Objective To evaluate the safety of desflurane and euflurane anesthesia in children in terms of carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) blood concentration. Methods Twenty-four ASA Ⅰ - Ⅱ children weighing 18-30 kg undergoing elective surgery under general anesthesia were randomly assigned to one of three groups : group Ⅰ , desflurane FGF 500 ml·min-1 ( n = 8); groupⅡ , desflurane FGF 2000 ml ·min-1 ( n = 8) and group Ⅲ, enflurane FGF 500 ml·min-1 (n = 8) . The patients were premedicated with atropine 0.01 mg·kg-1 and diazepam 0.2 mg·kg-1 . Ketamine 2 mg·kg-1 was given im before induction of anesthesia. Radial artery was cannulated when the patients fell asleep, for BP monitoring and blood sampling. Anesthesia was induced with fentanyl 2μg·kg-1 , propofol 2 mg · kg-1 and vecuronium 0. 1 mg·kg-1 . The patients were mechanically ventilated after intubation. PET CO2 was maintained at 35-40 mm Hg. The inspired concentration of desflurane or enflurane was set at 1.0-1.3 MAC which was maintained throughout anesthesia. FGF rate was set at 2500 ml·min-1 ( O2/ N2O = 1000 ml /1500 ml) to accelerate the uptake of inhaled anesthetics during the first 15 min of mechanical ventilation, then reduced to 500 ml·min-1 in group Ⅰ and Ⅲ or 2 000 ml ·min-1 in group Ⅱ as planed. Blood samples were taken before induction of anesthesia (T0 , baseline) and at 30, 45, 60 min of mechanical ventilation (T1-3) for determination of blood Hb and COHb concentrations. Results The demographic dala and preoperative Hb were comparable among the three groups. The water content of the soda lime was 6.5%±0.3% when unpacked and was reduced to 6.1%±0.4% when kept in the anesthesia machine ovemight. In group Ⅰand ⅢCOHb concentration increased gradually from T1 and reached the peak value at T3 and in group Ⅱ COHb concentration peaked at T2 (45 min) . The end -tidal desflurane concentration was 3 .93% - 4.24% in group Ⅰ and 4. 3%-4. 43% in group Ⅱ. The end-tidal enflurane concentration was 0.87%-0.93%. There was no significant difference in end-tidal concentration of desflurane and euflurane in terms of MAC between group Ⅰ and Ⅲ ( P 0.05) . There was no significant difference in COHb concentration between group Ⅰ and Ⅱ as well as group Ⅰand Ⅲ ( P 0.05) . Conclusion It is safe to use soda lime containing more than 6.08% of water during enflurane or desflurane anesthesia with low flow (FGF = 500 ml·min-1 ) in children.


in the jugular chain or supraclavicular fossa has a node excised and it is found to contain papillary carcinoma. The disease typically affects young adults and spreads by lymphatics. Once it has escaped from the thyroid gland into the adjoining lymph nodes it can reasonably be expected to have spread by intraglandular lymphatics to the opposite lobe of the gland. For this reason I perform total thyroidectomy when such a node is found. The term total thyroidectomy is sometimes used loosely to include extracapsular excision of one lobe and intracapsular removal of the other. It should mean extracapsular excision of both lobes. A tracer dose of radioiodine having been given on the previous day a probe counter in the wound demonstrates any remaining functioning thyroid tissue. If any operative difficulty is encountered a rim of normal thyroid tissue can be left posteriorly to protect nerves and parathyroids and can be subsequently destroyed with radioactive iodine. The important thing is to excise all the carcinoma. When lymph node deposits in the neck are found to be cystic the prognosis is usually excellent since it indicates a degree of differentiation and extremely slow growth. There are many records in the literature of patients who have had positive nodes of this kind removed from the neck with little subsequent spread of the disease for as long as 25 years. The removal of involved lymph nodes is carried out individually, and not by block dissection, since they appear to be enveloped in little fascial pockets which makes it easy to shell them out. The thymus may be excised with them in clearing the area inferiorly and it may be necessary to excise part of a jugular vein if its walls are involved. When the trachea is involved by direct extension part can be excised and the opening used for tracheostomy. As a temporary closure a piece of teflon aortic graft may be helpful.


Abstract The cost-efficient design of survivable optical telecommunication networks is the topic of this thesis. In cooperation with network operators, we have developed suitable concepts and mathematical optimization methods to solve this comprehensive planning task in practice. Optical technology is more and more employed in modern telecommunication networks. Digital information is thereby transmitted as short light pulses through glass fibers. Moreover, the optical medium allows for simultaneous transmissions on a single fiber by use of different wavelengths. Recent optical switches enable a direct forwarding of optical channels in the network nodes without the previously required signal retransformation to electronics. Their integration creates ongoing optical connections,which are called lightpaths. We study the problem of finding cost-efficient configurations of optical networks which meet specified communication requirements. A configuration comprises the determination of all lightpaths to establish as well as the detailed allocation of all required devices and systems. We use a flexible modeling framework for a realistic representation of the networks and their composition. For different network architectures, we formulate integer linear programs which model the design task in detail. Moreover, network survivability is an important issue due to the immense bandwidths offered by optical technology. Operators therefore request for designs which perpetuate protected connections and guarantee for a defined minimum throughput in case of malfunctions. In order to achieve an effective realization of scalable protection, we present a novel survivability concept tailored to optical networks and integrate several variants into the models. Our solution approach is based on a suitable model decomposition into two subtasks which separates two individually hard subproblems and enables this way to compute cost-efficient designs with approved quality guarantee. The first subtask consists of routing the connections with corresponding dimensioning of capacities and constitutes a common core task in the area of network planning. Sophisticated methods for such problems have already been developed and are deployed by appropriate integration. The second subtask is characteristic for optical networks and seeks for a conflict-free assignment of available wavelengths to the lightpaths using a minimum number of involved wavelength converters. For this coloring-like task, we derive particular models and study methods to estimate the number of unavoidable conversions. As constructive approach, we develop heuristics and an exact branch-and-price algorithm. Finally, we carry out an extensive computational study on realistic data, provided by our industrial partners. As twofold purpose, we demonstrate the potential of our approach for computing good solutions with quality guarantee, and we exemplify its flexibility for application to network design and analysis.


A new type of printed rectangular loop antenna with capacitive loads is proposed for unidirectional radiation pattern production. The arrangement presented here is shown to have a current distribution with balanced magnitude and 90/spl deg/ phase difference on parallel radiating edges of the loop. As a result, the printed loop is equivalent to an array of two dipoles with quarter-wavelength space separation and 90/spl deg/ phase excitation difference. Simulated and measured results for 1 GHz center-frequency operation show that the new unidirectional printed loop antenna can achieve a front-to-back ratio of more than 20 dB, power gain of 4.5 dBi, and can be easily matched.


We plan to measure beam patterns of a quasi-optical NbN HEB mixer in the 2 THz-band. A 2 THz AMC (Amplifier Multiplier Chain) is used as the test RF source. A THz-QCL is phase-locked using a SLH mixer (super-lattice harmonic) mixer with 12th harmonic multiplication. A beat note is measured by a heterodyne receiver system with the phase-locked THz-QCL as a local oscillator. The amplitude and the phase of the antenna beam patterns are measured using a lock-in amplifier. If successful, this will be the first time that beam patterns are measured in amplitude and phase at frequencies as high as 2 THz.


Four electricity futures markets on NYMEX between 1996 and 1999 are examined using a TARCH model. The evidence suggests traders had an asymmetric reaction to new information. Evidence also is found for a correlation between futures returns and trading volume in two markets (COB and PV).


This manuscript covers the history of Cardiovascular Pathology and the tradition of the study of the cardiovascular system since the Renaissance time, when the University of Padua was the Gymnasium of the Republic of Venice. The anatomy of the heart was described by Andreas Vesalius in 1543. Realdo Colombo published the discovery of the small circulation in 1559 by dissecting dogs in vivo. Fabrici ab Aquapendente built a permanent Anatomical Theatre in 1594, which may be considered the first Laboratory of investigation in the History of Medicine. William Harvey studied in Padua in 1599–1602 and, inspired by the venous valves dissected by Fabrici, put forward the theory of blood circulation. In the same period (1592–1610), Galileo Galilei was professor of Maths at the School of Medicine in Padua and founded the experimental method, according to which science is measure. Giovanni Battista Morgagni, by publishing the book De Sedibus et Causis Morborum per Anatomen Indagatis in 1761, introduced the method of clinico-pathologic correlations and established pathological anatomy as a science. The policy of the Venice Republic was to provide smart lecturers: only men of demonstrated excellence were given the charge over the education of the young. Major advances have been made in the current era with the advent of cardiac surgery, interventional cardiology and cardiac imaging. The mission of the pathologist moved from the anatomical to the surgical theatre and more recently to the molecular laboratory. Dissemination of knowledge of surgical and clinical anatomy of congenital heart diseases contributed to a sharp decline in operative mortality. Surgical pathology, with the use of light and electron microscopy, became a daily job to examine any native tissue resected at surgery from heart and vessels and even endovascular prostheses. Cardiac transplantation and endomyocardial biopsy resulted in a novel development of cardiovascular pathology history. The sudden death mystery was cleared up with concrete, preventive results. Application of molecular biology and genetic techniques makes it possible to nowadays gain a precise diagnosis even at mortem ("molecular autopsy"), with the opportunity to investigate the etiopathogenesis, in addition to the substrate of cardiovascular diseases. The position of the cardiovascular pathologist, between the bench and the bedside, allows him to play a key role in the study of cardiovascular disease.


Nanoscale zero-value iron (nZVI) has a high specific surface area and significant abilities to reduce contaminants. In this study, the removal of color and COD from real textile wastewater was studied by nZVI particles. A series of experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of operational parameters such as solution pH, nZVI dosage and temperature on color and COD removal. The results showed that the color and COD removals mainly depend on solution pH. The color removal efficiencies were 96.3% at 436 nm, 97.8% at 525 nm and 98.0% at 620 nm, respectively at nZVI dosage of 0.3 g/L and initial pH of 3 after 180 minutes of reaction time at 25 ○C. Moreover, the maximum COD removal efficiency obtained under these conditions was 86%.


It is proved that all recursively enumerable sets of natural numbers can be represented by arithmetic formulas (of two kinds) with only 3 quantifiers.


T he purpose of this part of the special feature is to describe the range of wound care products which is available in hospitals. Similar products are described in groups with reference to their ideal characteristics, advantages, disadvantages, effectiveness and use. Emphasis is given to newer groups of wound care products. This information will be of particular interest to those who are involved in compiling wound care formularies in hospitals. It should be noted that decisions about the contents of a hospital formulary have to be made locally and for this reason no recommendations are made about the addition of particular products.


Factors relating to curriculum use in general education have been studied in considerable depth, yet little research has been conducted on what factors impact the enactment of curriculum in special education. This study specifically studied the enactment of a functional curriculum in two rural, self-contained, cross-categorical programs. The data revealed that it was the intersection and union of seven factors (policy/legislation, community, school, teachers, paraprofessionals, students, and curriculum materials) that shaped the enacted functional curriculum in both programs. The association between the factors and the enactment of the functional curriculum holds implications for policy, research, and practice.


High palmitoleic acid-producing strains were obtained by protoplast fusion between Saccharomyces cerevisiae No.12.926 producing palmitoleic acid and Rhodotorula No.12.908 producing oil and fat. The conditions of protoplast generation of two parental strains were optimized as: strain No.12.926 and No.12.908 at logarithmic phase of their growth were treated by 2% snailase at 30℃ for 1.5 and 2 hour, respectively. Under the optimized conditions, the rates of protoplast generation of strain No.12.926 and No.12.908 reached 94% and 80%, respectively and their regeneration were 75% and 60%, respectively. The fusants were stable in genetic by the analysis of genetic stability. The biomass of fusants was more than two times of their parental strains and cell morphology and colony color of fusant were different from those of their parental strains. The weight of oil and fat producing by fusants was 48.5% of dried cell. Palmitoleic acid was 47.29% of total oil and fat, which accounted for 22.95% of dried cell.


NOTES ON THE UPPER JURASSIC STRATIGRAPHY IN THE POLISH JURA CHAIN

Summary
The succession of the ammonite faunas and biostratigraphic zonation of the Oxfordian-Lower Kimmeridgian deposits of the Polish Jura Chain are briefly presented and discussed (cf. Table I). The facies relations and the succession of the main lithological types are commented and shown in some sections representing different parts of the region (cf. Figs 1-4).


We predict and demonstrate experimentally, for the first time to our knowledge, the generation of spatially entangled photon pairs through spontaneous parametric down-conversion from a metasurface incorporating a nonlinear thin film of lithium niobate covered by a silica meta-grating. We identify the spatial entanglement of the photon pairs through violation of the classical Cauchy-Schwartz inequality. Simultaneously, the photon-pair rate is strongly enhanced by 450 times compared to unpatterned films.


The article gives the analysis of the interaction between the church authorities and the state government in the year of 1919on the part of Siberian territory and Russian Far East both of which were controlled by Kolchak A.V. Despite the fact that this was a very politically difficult period of the country life, both the government represented by General Directorate for the religion and Russian Orthodox Church represented by the Interim supreme church directorate were building secular state. However, the state government believed that it was possible to support church financially, while the church used its authority to preach in support of the White movement.


Columnar jointing has been studied since the first report of
Giant´s Couseway in North Ireland. This phenomenon was studied
for centuries and many theories tried to explain its origin.
The formation of igneous columnar joints is now reasonably
understood. These joints, which result from thermal contraction
during cooling of magma or lava flow, reflect the thermal
history of a rock mass. The symmetric natural fracture network
is formed during the cooling of volcanic bodies. Usually, we
may observe a variety of columnar shapes in the nature such as
quadratic, pentagonal or hexagonal. However, the most common
geometry is hexagonal. The reason is that hexagonal
honeycomb-like arrangement of contraction cracks would maximize
the area-to-fracture-length ratio and minimize the total crack
area at the same time relive as much of the thermal stress as
possible. The columns always grow perpendicularly to the
cooling surface, and the fracture pattern tend to be propagated
from the surface towards the center of the volcanic body as it
cools. The fractures have usually developed tensile cracks
known as growth bands on their surface. The bands are the most
significant features on the surface of the column; prolongation
of the bands is oriented perpendicularly to the axis of the
columns. Initial point showing where the tectonic band began to
grow can be found thanks to the geometry of plumose structure.
Relationship between two bands on the same column side allows
us to determine the direction of gradual cooling. Special type
of little ridges within the plumose structures has an echelon
shape and it is known as twist-hackle.


Cost reduction in production systems is one of the main concerns of most manufacturing industries. Achieving this goal requires the effective use of resources. Nowadays, due to the competitiveness of production and the need to reduce costs and deliver goods on time, equipment availability and prevention of unexpected stops are particularly important in industrial units. In recent years, equipment, machinery, and human resources have been the foundations of any organization. On the other hand, to increase the productivity and efficiency of providing services and achieve global standards, special attention should be paid to increase the efficiency of machinery and reducing downtime costs. This research conducted a mathematical formulation to find the best possible solution for the economic production quantity and inventory ordering by considering preventive maintenance. In this model, the success of organizations in providing services and increasing the quality depends on various reasons, such as maintenance and repair systems. In the proposed model, the defective items are considered, and the goal is to achieve an optimal amount of production in such a way that the costs of the entire system, including production cost, setup, maintenance, inspection, and rework costs, are minimized during a period per unit of time. The numerical results show that increasing the preventive maintenance periods leads to an upward trend in the total cost of the supply chain. Moreover, the sensitivity analysis shows that the longer the preventive maintenance on the machine, the higher reliability of the system as well as total costs will be achieved.


We have investigated the uniaxial magnetocrystalline anisotropy constant Ku and the stress required for the rearrangement of martensite variants τreq in a disordered Fe-31.2 mol%Pd ferromagnetic shape memory alloy. The value of |Ku| is obtained from the area enclosed by two magnetization curves (along the easy and hard axes) to be 180 kJ/m3 at 77 K and 80 kJ/m3 at 200 K. The maximum of magnetic shear stress τmagm acting across the twinning plane under the [001]P field is evaluated as the magnetocrystalline anisotropy constant |Ku| divided by the twinning shear s; it is 1.5 MPa at 77 K and 1.6 MPa at 200 K. The value of τreq is evaluated by tensile tests to be about 0.9 MPa at 80 K and about 0.6 MPa at 200 K. Comparing τmagm and τreq, we can quantitatively explain the reason for the rearrangement of martensite variants by magnetic field in this alloy.


We report on genotyping of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) by melting curve analysis (MCA) on DNA microarrays in a plastic microfluidic system with integrated heaters using lamination foils. ...


Objective To understand the environmental quality inside the passenger train the status quo.Methods The reference to the relevant standard, unified monitoring measures taken on different trips originating trains Survey ambient air quality.Results All sampling train compartments,the average temperature is higher than the national standard,seat car noise and air total bacterial count,soft seat car PM10,dining car noise than the average national standard. Car seat than soft illumination inside car,dining car;seat dining car noise below,but higher than soft sleeper cars;hard noise below the dining car,the total number of bacteria in the air above the dining car;the differences were significant,P0.01.Conclusion Pollution in train compartments should be improved accordingly.


A survey of hospital management plans concerning the occurrence of occupational exposure to bloodborne infections (above all, HIV) in German-speaking Switzerland was carried out by the Swiss national reference centre for bloodborne infections in Zurich, in 2000


Abstract Power system stabilizers (PSS) play an important role in damping of power system oscillations. An intensive research activity has been devoted to design of their structure and optimal setting of their parameters. In this paper the simultaneous optimization of multiloop PSS and automatic voltage regulator parameters (AVR) by means of genetic algorithm is proposed. Using an example of the 259 MVA turbogenerator excitation system in the nuclear power plant Mochovce (Slovak Republic) it is shown that the genetic algorithms are able to find the optimal parameters of excitation system so that the requirements on terminal voltage performances as well as on damping of active power oscillations are satisfied.


Electromagnetic actuators are versatile and able to meet demanding requirements, such as operation in very low or very high temperatures. When the actuator is used in a high-temperature environment up to 500℃, we need to know how the force-producing capability of the actuator is affected by the operating temperature. Specifically, it is necessary to know the temperature-dependence of magnetic properties that determine the mechanical forces. In this paper, we measure the changes in magnetic properties of SUS410 material in hightemperature environment. We also devise a novel signal processing technique to remove the integration drift. At the field strength of 18,000 A/m, we found that the flux density at 500℃ is decreased by 26%, compared to the result at room temperature. Therefore, the actuator must be sized appropriately, if it is to operate in hightemperature settings.


We introduce a Bayesian nonparametric method for the cluste ring of network flows, sequences of packets observed during the communicati on between pairs of hosts. Our goal is to infer the application types without i nspecting in detail the content of each packet, avoiding the so called DPI (Deep P acket Inspection). Instead, we only use simple to derive features such as packet size or direction (upload/download) and represent each flow by a sequence of symbo ls from a finite alphabet. The flows are naturally modeled as a mixture of Mark ov models, generated by a Dirichlet process. We have implemented a blocked Gibbs sampler for inferring cluster assignments by integrating out the model parameters. The clustering results obtained on data captured from a real network seems to be coherent.


Before entering into controversy with Professor F. V. Bassin regarding his article on psychoanalysis, I feel it necessary clearly and sincerely to set down my reactions to it.


: This article discusses the advantages of using renewable energy resources (RES), analyzes the resource potential of Ukraine in terms of energy production and substantiates the benefits of using RES for energy security. It explores the potential of the existing technological infrastructure for the sustainable development of the energy industry in Ukraine. It also identifies the structure of energy capacities and the technically achievable potential of energy production from RES and alternative fuels as a basis for different scenarios for the prospective development of alternative energy in Ukraine. The development of solar, wind and bioenergy is analyzed in line with policy recommendation traced with the dynamics of the final volume of energy consumption in Ukraine. This enables improvements to the methodology for determining the target parameters of energy security with the available resource potential, which forms the basis for the dynamics models of integral indices of components of energy security. These models demonstrate the current state of energy security of Ukraine in terms of


BG Group entered Tanzania in June 2010 attracted by the possibility of large frontier exploration plays and sizeable licence blocks covering deep to ultra-deep water close to several recent discoveries. This paper focuses on the exploration activity that has been conducted in offshore Tanzania's blocks 1 and 4 between 2010 and 2015. The paper will provide examples of the diverse trap types that have been tested, the range of geological ages penetrated with the drill bit and different geological facies identified either through drilling or seismic observation. Emphasis will also be placed on some of the challenges encountered and technological enablers that have been deployed to safely deliver the activities described in a remarkably short timeframe of five years. This exploration activity has delivered sixteen wells with a 100% success rate of encountering hydrocarbons. The activities described have transformed the Tanzanian petroleum story from a hot spot of frontier exploration potential to a proven hydrocarbon province holding several TCF of gas spread across multiple plays.


Hepatocytes represent the majority of the liver cell population and are arranged in the form of cords placed in intimate contact with the sinusoidal capillaries. The functional complexity corroborated with the intensity of the activity of hepatocytes requires large amounts of energy. The organelles involved in the production of chemical energy used in the activity of hepatocytes are the mitochondria. The purpose of this study was to verify the mitochondrial load of hepatocytes in all areas of the classical hepatic lobules, in order to indirectly assess the intensity of hepatocyte activity in each area. Materials and Methods Five fresh corpses of chinchilla (Chinchilla lanigera) from an independent breeder from Bistrița-Năsăud county were used. Liver fragments were harvested and fixated in Kolster's solution for 24 hours, stained with Heidenhain ferric hematoxylin, and assessed using Olympus BX41 microscope. Fixation with Kolster's solution and the staining with Heidenhain's iron hematoxylin clearly shows the hepatocytic mitochondria in shades from gray to black. The liver lobules displayed an uneven distribution of mitochondria depending on the area. In zone 1 of the classical hepatic lobule, the degree of loading of hepatocytes with mitochondria is larger than in zone 2 and much larger than in zone 3. Morphological features of the hepatocytes, including the number and distribution of mitochondria in the hepatic lobules, should improve the understanding of the physiology and pathology of the liver.


Traditional volume rendering methods are too slow to provide interactive visualization, especially for large 3D data sets. The PVR (parallel volume rendering) system implements parallel volume rendering techniques that speed up the visualization process. Moreover, it helps computational scientists, engineers, and physicians to more effectively apply volume rendering to visualization tasks. The authors describe the PVR system that they have developed in a collaboration between the State University of New York at Stony Brook and Sandia National Laboratories. PVR is an attempt to provide an easy-to-use portable system for high performance visualization with the speed required for interactivity and steering. The current version of PVR consists of about 25000 lines of C and Tcl/Tk code. It has been used at Stony Brook, Sandia, and Brookhaven National Labs to visualize large data sets for over a year.


This study explores the impact of service quality, as evaluated using the CARTER model, on customer satisfaction at Bank Syariah Indonesia. Among the six initial hypotheses, only two were confirmed, yielding significant insights. Notably, the research revealed that neither sharia compliance nor tangible aspects significantly influenced customer satisfaction. Assurance and empathy also displayed no substantial impact. Conversely, two pivotal factors emerged as major drivers of customer satisfaction: reliability and responsiveness. This intriguing finding may be linked to a recent hacker attack on Bank Syariah Indonesia, which occurred a month before the study, although further research is required to confirm this hypothesis. Despite the rigor of the research procedures, some limitations emerged, including the use of online questionnaires via Google Forms, which hindered detailed explanations to respondents and potentially affected their understanding. Additionally, the study focused exclusively on the service quality components outlined by the CARTER model, neglecting other important variables like trust, awareness, and loyalty. In light of these findings, the study offers vital recommendations. Bank Syariah Indonesia is encouraged to focus more on the various components of the CARTER service quality model to potentially foster higher customer trust and loyalty. Furthermore, the bank should consider introducing flagship programs and comprehensive approaches to enhance customer satisfaction. Future researchers are encouraged to explore additional factors influencing customer satisfaction, such as product quality and brand image, and to expand the sample to include a more diverse range of respondents. In summary, this study summarizes its findings, limitations, and recommendations, providing valuable insights for Bank Syariah Indonesia and future researchers seeking to enhance their understanding of service quality and customer satisfaction in this context.


An unusual adduct is formed when 3-methylacrylophenone is treated with 2-aminothiazole. The structure of this product has been established as 4a. Similar adducts have been prepared from acrylopheno...


recent scholarship on Galilee. In his earlier book, the first century and later periods underlines that The Myth of a Gentile Galilee (SNTSMS ii8), its author's primary interest is in Galilee as the Chancey's concerns were mainly polemical. There historical context in which most of the ministry of he critiqued presentations of Galilee that in his view Jesus must be understood. exaggerated the degree to which first-century Galilee Two main conclusions may be noted. First,


We examine the differences in opacity among insurers based on differencesin their ownership structures using "split" bond ratings as a proxy for opacity. Ouranalyses are consistent with mutual insurers being more opaque than stock insurers.These findings are consistent with the owners of mutual insurers being so dispersedand having managed the owner/manager conflict well enough that the opacity ofmutual insurer operations is less important to their owners. On the other hand, ownersof stock insurers demand relatively less opaque behavior on the part of managers. Thisfinding has important implications for investors, rating agencies, and regulatorscharged with evaluating the financial condition of insurers.


Military commanders require timely and accurate awareness of the ground situation in their respective areas of responsibility. With increasing use of sensor networks in the battlefield, large volumes of data will have to be processed. Constraints in human working memory make people inherently poor at eliminating duplicates, resolving conflicts and correlating large continuous streams of data across time and space. Data fusion decision support systems have been developed to process large amounts of raw data and present the fused results. This reduces the cognitive load on the human and facilitates subsequent decision-making. Although, humans are inherently poor at analyzing large volumes of information, hypothetically, by presenting and organizing situation information graphically according to the principles of human perception, more information can be put on to the display and yet enable rapid one glance situation understanding. We postulate that with the creation of novel information visualization techniques inspired from human perception, commanders will be better informed of the interpretation by the fusion engine enabling commanders to consider and formulate alternative interpretations of the ground situation picture by interacting with the visualizations. Situation assessment will then improve as commanders actively consider both given and alternative interpretations. Commanders are brought back into the situation assessment loop; human cognitive prowess will be brought to bear, together with advanced data fusion algorithms, to make sense of the situation. This paper describes work done in the application of established principles of human visual perception and graphic design, for the development of novel 3D perceptual visualizations for an existing multi-source fusion engine to augment commanders' understanding of the ground situation picture. The work also illustrates that is it possible to rapidly amplify cognition (i.e. better situation understanding) when perceptual visualizations are coupled with advanced fusion systems.


Strain TS06 and strain TS18 were screened after twice of screening when the cellulose acetate (CA) was used as sole carbon source. Both strains showed degrading ability against CA. It was found that the degrading ability of these two strains was various when the different medium and pH were applied. The highest degrading rate of two screened strains reached 9.4 % under the optimum conditions.


The article presents the cartogram level of protein metabolism in cows, depending on the type of ration, age, time of lactation and pregnancy and geo – ecological conditions (according, to the level of environment population) of Uzbekistan, as well as the ecological factors, pathogenesis, gepathogenical consequences and early disorders diagnosis cows and karakul sheep.


ConclusionPhase imaging assessed with a 3-dimensional analysis is particularly interesting for its capacity to detect an area with early contraction corresponding to the site of VT with accuracy and to demonstrate 1 or several areas with delayed contraction because of the loss of contractile tissue by fatty or fibrofatty replacement, as has been suggested with magnetic resonance images. We believe that this 3-dimensional Fourier analysis of SPECT ERNA should be widely used in sinus rhythm and when possible, during episodes of VT before treatment by ablation techniques or surgery.


. The Digital Transformation (DT) refers to the ongoing process organizations go through in order to integrate digital technologies in all areas of the business, particularly the ones related to delivering high added value to the customer and stakeholders. As such, the DT can be apprehended in different ways. One can simply adopt new digital technologies on the fly when made available on the market or carefully study each new IT development at the light of a set-up of a carefully defined business, IT and/or DT strategy. Moreover, within the context of a structured approach of the DT, innovations can be adopted in a top-down fashion; nevertheless, leaving some space within development for co-creation involv-ing the user/customer is also important to favor innovation leading to competitive advantages. The framework developed in this paper extends a previously built model-driven framework for supporting strategic agility (called StratAMoDrIGo) to allow the evaluation of the added value to the DT of functional elements con-tained in user stories written by or with the help of the end-user. These user stories depict concrete system behavior associated to more abstract Features themselves being part of strategic opportunities identified at governance level. The approach is thus part of a more comprehensive approach to reconcile operational developments with strategic concerns.


This study examines the procurement and utilization of credit by the rural farmers from selected rural credit institutions for sustainable agricultural production and development in Imo State, Nigeria. Two sets of structured questionnaires were administered to the 220 respondents (loan beneficiaries) and the credit institutions respectively. The results showed that an average loan volume of N29,562.27 was granted per beneficiary while only 56.01%of this amount was utilized for production and about 30.95% was diverted for consumption. An increase in the amount of loan per beneficiary to take care of both the production and consumption needs of the rural farmers is recommended. This will enable the beneficiaries to purchase agricultural inputs and thereby adopt yield increasing innovations and techniques thus jettisoning the out modelled and outdated equipment for sustainable production. Keywords : credit procurement, utilization, credit institutions, sustainable production International Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development Vol. 5 2004: 156-163


This paper presents a bibliography on edge-colorings of graphs which is as complete as possible to date. We introduce the papers by a brief discussion of the ideas involved.


Embedding of an antenna within a structural surface is an excellent way to improve structural efficiency and antenna performance. We study the impact characteristics of a Composite-Antenna-Structure (CAS) and the degradation in the performance of the antenna after impact testing. We used an annular ring patch antenna designed to operate in two bands: GPS (1.575GHz) and DMB (2.62GHz). When 20J of impact energy was applied to the CAS surface, the maximum contact force was 4kN, and the CAS proved resistant to impact. The antenna performance, measured by the return loss and radiation pattern, remained excellent after the impact tests.


Accurate electricity demand forecasting is crucial to meet energy security and efficiency, especially when relying on intermittent renewable energy sources. Recently, massive savings have been observed in Europe, following an unprecedented global energy crisis. However, assessing the impact of such crisis and of government incentives on electricity consumption behaviour is challenging. Moreover, standard statistical models based on meteorological and calendar data have difficulty adapting to such brutal changes. Here, we show that mobility indices based on mobile network data significantly improve the performance of the state-of-the-art models in electricity demand forecasting during the sobriety period. We start by documenting the drop in the French electricity consumption during the winter of 2022-2023. We then show how our mobile network data captures work dynamics and how adding these mobility indices outperforms the state-of-the-art during this atypical period. Our results characterise the effect of work behaviours on the electricity demand.


Introducing creative thinking through the movie will be a great way because movies such as Aladdin can be enjoyed by everyone from a wide range of ages. Making the concept of creative thinking will be familiar not only for adults, but also the important thing for children who have been growing up in the process of their lives. By analyzing this movie, the writer aimed to figure out the kinds of creative thinking and its impact on the main characters in Aladin's movie. The writer applied the Descriptive Qualitative method to obtain and represent the data. The process of collecting data by doing library research, reading some theories to support the analysis, watching the movie as the object of the research. After analysis, it found the kinds of creative thinking in the main characters of  Aladdin  are only three out of four categories; they are reframing, mind mapping, and insight. Besides, the impact of creative thinking reflected are increase confidence and arise diverse thinking which generating innovative ideas to solve the problem and give benefit to the individual and the community.


The paper presents digital microwave phase shifters with integrated switches. The design formulas and experimental results of practical circuits operating in L-band are described. These circuits can be used in many different communication systems.


Assessment is an integral part of teaching and learning. Assessment data is gathered to monitor progress and developmental gains in child development and learning, to guide curriculum planning and decision making, to identify special needs, and to evaluate the effectiveness of early childhood programs. Current research indicates that assessment data gathered from children who are immigrants does not always lead to the development of effective curriculum and instruction, and the data is not reliable in identifying immigrant children with special needs. This chapter discusses the possible technologies available to mitigate the threats and challenges that continue to affect the gathering of effective assessment data from young learners who are immigrants.


Exclusion is defined as the processes by which individuals and groups face barriers in relation to their access to public goods, resulting in inequitable social attainments, capabilities, development and justice. These barriers arises from a number of causes. Amartya Sen has pointed out that the historical roots of this concept goes back as far as Aristotle. As elsewhere in the world, social exclusion is rampant in India. Growth in the economy has bypassed those very people who deserve to be helped most. There is a broad category of poor in India, but certain socially excluded groups (Dalits, Muslims, Tribals and Women) experience greater challenges in accessing rights, entitlements and opportunities, and in moving out of poverty. Though India is developing economically and technologically by leaps and bounds, women here still continue to be discriminated. Women are the most marginalized among the excluded community; they don't have access to the same resources as others; they lack the opportunities to be productive members of society; they don't have access to basic services. The access of women to development opportunities and the impact of development programmes on women assumes importance as women constitutes half of human resources in all societies. For growth to be truly inclusive, we have to ensure their protection, well-being, development, empowerment and participation. This paper is about the social exclusion of women in the development process.


In this era of globalization, organizations are increasingly expanding overseas in search of new markets and greater profitability. Colonizing new markets also means mastering inter cultural communication and the most important tool for strategic communication used by global businesses today is advertising. Since strategies for advertisements are increasingly being developed internationally, it has become imperative to have an understanding of the country's cultural characteristics like language, lifestyle, norms, education, attitudes etc [1]. In this context a map of different national value structures and their consequences for behavior across cultural frontiers was created by Professor Geert Hofstede and this study examines how Hofstede's cultural dimensions affect the individual ad units and how applicable the dimensions are at the micro level. Two ads from the skin care segment released in 2015 as part of a successful global campaign, one from India belonging to Hofstede's family cluster and one from US belonging to the Contest cluster were chosen for analysis based on the popularity of the brand and sub brand.


One of the important reproductive disorders in dairy cows was repeat breeding. Economic losses was quite high, due to the low reproductive efficiency and productivity. Breeder is one of the risk faktors on the incidence of repeat breeding . The aims of this research were to determin e the incidence of repeat breeding case s in dairy cattle at Special Regency of Yogyakarta (DIY) and many fa c tor s from the farmer s and dairy cattle aspect s that caused the cases. In t his study , 401 traditional farmers at DIY were used . The method of data collection was done by interview ing the farmer s and direct observation to the dairy cattle. The data consist of farmer education level, length period of farming experience, stall condition, length distance from inseminator, estrous detection ability, knowledge of estrous, estrous observation by farmer, stall cleanliness, cattle cleanlines, and squeezing time . Data were collected on a descriptive analysis of each variable studied . Analysis used logistic regression models to analyze the faktors that influence the incidence of repeat breeding . The sensitivity and specificity of the models were analyzed by Lemeshow goodness of fit test. The result of this study showed that the prevalenc e of repeat breeding in dairy cattle from farmer aspect was 2 9 .4% . The fa c tor from farmer aspect which a f fected repeat breeding cases w as estrus detection once per day (coefficient regression 4.09563, OR= 60,1), detection of estrus twice daily ( + 2.92553, OR= 18.6) , disorders of pregnancy ( +2.22630, OR= 9.3), dirty environment ( +0.91889, OR=2,5), worst drainage (+2.58072, OR=13,2), and education (+1.31295, OR=3,7). It was concluded that the prevalence of repeat breeding at DIY as big as 29.4%. Risk factors affecting the repeat breeding were estrus detection once per day , detection of estrus twice a day, dirty environment, worst drainage, and education. Keywords : prevalency, repeat breeding, dairy cattle, logistic regression, odds ratio Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */
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We test whether there are country-specific election cycles present in the public expenditure in the European Union. Using panel data on all 28 current EU Member States from 1995 to 2015, we find in general evidence for an election-induced expansion in total government spending and within the categories of public services, safety, housing, recreation, and education. Our contribution is to combine the notion of targeting specific public spending categories and the occurrence of country-specific political budget cycles in the EU. The results indicate that election cycles vary substantially across countries. We observe a significant election effect in about 77% of our estimates. Two thirds of these observed significant effects represent increased spending in pre-election period.


After reviewing the literature on human security and corruption in conjunction with the main contributions on Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), the primary purpose of this paper is to provide a theoretical justification for exploring why it is important to link human security and corruption through the lens of CSR. With this as our objective, we attempt to answer the following research question: how does linking human security and corruption through the lens of CSR improve our understanding about the possibilities for mitigating corruption? Moreover, we look at how potential links between human security and multinational companies practicing CSR can reduce corruption activities.


Japan's higher education financing system is based on the principle of "giving priority to efficiency with due consideration to fairness".The distribution structure of the financing system is characterized by a preference for state-owned and research-oriented universities.Despite some problems occurred and controversies over the relationship between efficiency and fairness,this mode has been proved to be the best choice in achieving academic excellence in Japan's higher education,especially when the educational resources are limited.


A method for obtaining the reproducibility of the self-developed pattern of nitrocellulose by monitoring the absorption current was investigated. For the nitrocellulose films with 3 different thicknesses, the change of the absorption current and the progress of the self-development were observed as a function of the irradiation time of the focused ion beam (FIB). Using our method, line patterns with a good reproducibility were obtained independent of the thickness of the nitrocellulose film. The width of the aluminum lines fabricated by our method was 160nm.


Abstract Several N2-alkyl and N2-phenyl 2′-deoxyguanosine 5′-triphosphates and 2-bromo-2′-deoxyinosine 5′-triphosphate were synthesized and tested as substrates for E. coli DNA polymerase I with a template: primer system requiring incorporation of 85 nucleotides. N2-Methyl-dGTP and N2-ethyl-dGTP were found to be efficiently incorporated in place of dGTP to give full length product. N2-n-Hexyl-dGTP supported limited full length synthesis at high concentration, but N2-phenyl- and N2-(p-n-butylphenyl)-dGTP were poor substrates. 2-Bromo-2′-deoxyinosine 5′-triphosphate was a good substrate for pol I, and it was a replacement only for dGTP. Melting temperatures of oligodeoxyribonucleotides containing N2-alkyl-dG residues, annealed to complementary single stranded DNA, were lower than that of the normal oligomer.


Cytologic examinations of both bile and duodenal juice were performed on patients with lesion in billiary tract and pancreas. The bile was drained from intrahepatic duct when the percutaneous transhepatic choleangiography was done, and the duodenal juice was obtained on the occasion of the hypotonic duodenography. The drained specimen was poured immediately into a centrifuge tube containing chilled physiological saline water to prevent degeneration of the cells, and centrifuged at1500 rpm for 5 minutes. The sediment was stirred in a cell modified by Shibata with the saline waterand centrifuged again with an Autosmear (Sakura Finetechnical Co. Ltd.). Detection of cancer cells in the bile was more satisfactory by the present method than by direct smearing of the bile.Reliability of cytologic diagnosis of the bile and the duodenal juice was assertained also by pathological diagnosis by autopsy or surgical operation on thirty three patients, and 16 cases were found to be malignant and 17 cases benign. By cytologic diagnosis of the bile on 16 malignant cases, 11 cases were positive, 4 negative, and 1 suspicious. For 9 cases of 16 malignant cases, cytologic diagnosis of the duodenal juice were taken, and 6 cases were positive and 3 negative. As all the 17 benign cases were negative in cytologic diagnosis, there was no false positive. Of 9 cases examined cytologically in both the bile and the duodenal juice, 8 cases were positive for either or both. In conclusion, 13 of 16 malignant cases were positive in cytologic diagnosis on the bile or the duodenal juice.


This article is the second of two parts. In the March 1992 issue, authors Francine Gomberg and Kurt Miller discussed the reasons for fundamental change at Lee Memorial Hospital in Fort Myers, Florida, and set out the parameters of their "World Class Healthcare" initiatives.


Two-phase flow experiments and analysis were conducted to understand two-phase flow behavior of the water scrubbing pool of the filtered containment venting system with steam injection. In the early phase of steam injection, the water level gradually increased due to the steam condensation where the water surface was stable. After the water pool reached the saturation temperature, the diameter of bubbles increased when the bubbles moved upward in the water pool, where fluctuation of the water surface was observed. The water level increased when the scrubbing pool was pressurized by an orifice. Our simulation results showed that the decrement of the bubble velocity due to the pressurization may promoted the level swell.


Two instances of the heterozygous state of hemoglobin J are described in the male members of an American Caucasian family of Swedish ancestry.


Total hip arthroplasty is one of the most effective orthopaedic procedures with a very high success rate as measured by pain relief, improved function and patient satisfaction. However, since the introduction of total hip arthroplasty in the 1940s, a range of design philosophies for femoral components have demonstrated variable clinical results. Aseptic loosening, joint dislocation, thigh pain, bone resorption and femoral component failure have been some of the complications that plague this procedure.1,2 The past few years has seen an influx of so-called short stems with very little clarification as to design features, required surgical technique and long-term clinical outcomes. Most devices, meet with some level of learning curve and most systems do little in the way of warning new surgeons as to the perils and pitfalls during the initial surgical phase. This paper is designed to review the lessons learned during the first year of surgical experience with a new neck stabilized implant stem.1,2,3,4


PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a control device of an electric actuator for accurately controlling a valve opening with a simple and inexpensive structure. SOLUTION: The control device of the electric actuator includes an opening detector 24 for detecting an opening and closing position of a valve, and a control device 18 for opening and closing the valve to the opening in accordance with an opening command signal by rotating and driving an electric motor 5 in accordance with the digital opening command signal based on an opening command transmitted from a host side and an opening detection signal transmitted from the opening detector 24. The control device 18 performs controlling based on the opening command signal during closing of the valve, and performs controlling with the opening command signal set to -1 during opening of the valve. COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT


It simply introduces the development and component of MPEG-4 in multimedia. And also it gives an overview of the application condition linking with MPEG-4's features and key technology.


Lumbar spinal column laxity contributes to instability, increasing the risk of low back injury and pain. Until the laxity increase due to the cyclic loads of daily living can be quantified, the associated injury risk cannot be predicted clinically. This work cyclically loaded 5‐vertebra lumbar motion segments (7 skeletally‐mature cervine specimens, 5 osteoporotic human cadaver specimens) for 20 000 cycles of low‐load low‐angle (15°) flexion. The normalized neutral zone lengths and slopes of the load‐displacement hysteresis loops showed a similar increase in spinal column laxity across species. The intervertebral kinematics also changes with cyclic loading. Differences in the location and magnitude of surface strain on the vertebral bodies (0.34% ± 0.11% in the cervine specimens, and 3.13% ± 1.69% in the human cadaver specimens) are consistent with expected fracture modes in these populations. Together, these results provide biomechanical evidence of spinal column damage during high‐cycle low‐load low‐angle loading.


Adolescent girls have a tenfold higher risk of developing anemia compared to boys. This is due to factors such as monthly menstruation and increased iron requirements during growth. This study aims to analyze the influence of nutrient intake, vitamin C and the consumption of iron supplements, on anemia among female students at SMKN schools in Kota Tebing Tinggi. The study follows an observational analytic design with a cross-sectional approach. The findings of the study did not show any significant influence the consumption of iron supplements on the anemia status of female students at SMKN schools in Kota Tebing Tinggi. However, there was a significant impact of vitamin C intake on the anemia status of female students. It is recommended that schools raise awareness among female students about the importance of balanced nutrition in preventing anemia through counseling, campaigns, promoting understanding about the consumption of iron supplements, and providing support to maintain consistency in their consumption.


To assess the extent to which moist color value of forest mineral soils supports their differentiation according to concentrations of mineralizable and total N, 239 samples of 0–30-cm mineral-soil layers were examined for the relationship between nitrogen measures and selected categorical climatic and soil variables. The best regression models, using soil color value (SCV), climate, soil moisture and soil texture as categorical variables, explained nearly 70% of the variation in both mineralizable and total N, with climate accounting for most of the variation. The results provided support for the present usage of SCV in estimating mineralizable and total N in forest soils but suggested improvements for the development of a more effective estimation procedure. Key words: Forest soil color, soil nitrogen, climate, soil moisture, soil texture, regression analysis


We investigate the emission of electromagnetic waves from biaxial subwavelength metamaterials. For anisotropic structures that exhibit a vanishing dielectric response along the longitudinal axis and possess a tunable transverse dielectric response, we find remarkable variation in the launch angles of energy associated with the emission of leaky wave radiation. We write closed-form expressions for the energy transport velocity and corresponding radiation angle $\ensuremath{\phi}$, defining the cone of radiation emission, as functions both of frequency and of material and geometrical parameters. Full wave simulations exemplify the broad range of directivity that can be achieved in these structures.


In order to increase the teaching effect, its necessary to create the new writing teaching model in colleges and universities. There are a series of methods available such as obtaining materials from network, self-compiling textbooks to enrich the writing teaching content, downloading excellent software to make courseware and improve and enrich the writing teaching means, assigning the task of discussion and writing and requiring students to use network to search useful information, communicating with students by means of email and QQ, creating teachers' individual homepage or homepage shared by the teaching research group to set up open writing teaching platform.


On-orbit testing will be required for final tuning and validation of any mathematical model of large space structures. Identification methods using limited response data to produce optimally adjusted property matrices seem ideal for this purpose, but difficulties exist in the application of previously published methods to large space truss structures. This article presents new stiffness matrix adjustment methods that generalize optimal-update secant methods found in quasi-Newton approaches for nonlinear optimization. Many aspects of previously published methods of stiffness matrix adjustment may be better understood within this new framework of secant methods. One of the new methods preserves realistic structural connectivity with minimal storage requirements and computational effort. A method for systematic compensation for errors in measured data is introduced that also preserves structural connectivity. Two demonstrations are presented to compare the new methods' results to those of previously published techniques.


The development and the wide spread use of web services allow for convenient electronic data storage and distribution all over the world. As this web services is a new service-oriented computing paradigm which poses the unique security challenges due to its inherent heterogeneity, multi-domain characteristic and highly dynamic nature. A key challenge in Web services security is to design effective access control schemes. However, most current access control systems base authorization decisions on subjectpsilas identity. In this paper, we suggest web access control scheme which incorporating user password and web server log. The major objective of the proposed model is to provide mechanisms to allow control of web user access based on the user access behavior by tracking the web access history. The system controls access to web pages depending on user password, date of last request, page visited (URL) and status action. The active userpsilas access pattern is matched with user access data discovered from user access history, based on mining web usage data using association rules mining and PrefixSpan algorithms, then analyzed to make the access control decision (web access is permitted or denied).


Remote sensing is the prominent technology to study the ecology of the earth. Classification is a commonly used technique for quantitative analysis of remote sensing image data. It is based on the concept of segmentation of spectral regions into regions that can be associated with a soil cover class of interest for a particular application. As an advanced remote sensing tool, Hyperspectral remote sensing technology has been studied in many applications such as geology, topography, biology, soil science, hydrology, plants and ecosystems, atmospheric science. In this paper, Supervised Decision tree; Minimum distance; Maximum likelihood classification; Parallelepiped; K-nearest neighbor; and Unsupervised K-mean; & ISODATA algorithm are reviewed. This review is helpful to the researchers who are studying this emerging field i.e. HRS.


Drawing on historical and contemporary empirical data, this talk addresses the past and current transformations of scholarly communication, with an emphasis on the role of journals in this new ecosystem, and present the results of the first large-scale analysis of journal usage in Canada. Vincent Lariviere holds the Canada Research Chair on the Transformations of Scholarly Communication at the Universite de Montreal, where he is associate professor of information science. He is also scientific director of the Erudit journal platform, associate scientific director of the Observatoire des sciences et des technologies (OST) and regular member of the Centre interuniversitaire de recherche sur la science et la technologie (CIRST).


Chapter 1 Introduction Chapter 2 Confucius Institutes and the Teaching of Chinese Chapter 3 Intercultural Competence: the Experience of Sojourning Chapter 4 Motivation, Acculturation and Self-development Chapter 5 Case Study: Su Chapter 6 Case Study: Qiao Chapter 7 Case Study: Shan Chapter 8 Conclusion References Appendix A Appendix B


Objective. To investigate oxidative stress and myocardial injury at different stages of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Design. Twenty patients underwent CABG with use of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and with intermittent sampling of plasma and urine. Main markers were: 8-iso-PGF2α (oxidative stress); troponin T (myocardial injury); and 15-keto-dihydro-PGF2α and hsCRP (inflammation). Results. Plasma 8-iso-PGF2α increased after start of surgery, but there was no further rise during CPB or after aortic cross-clamp release and no significant myocardial arterio-venous differences. An increase in troponin T was seen early after the operation, but no relationship was established between 8-iso-PGF2α and troponin T. 8-iso-PGF2α levels were elevated by preoperative withdrawal of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) but reduced by intraoperative use of heparin. 15-keto-dihydro-PGF2α was elevated during operation and hsCRP following operation. Conclusions. In the present study oxidative stress was multifactorial in origin with main impacts from surgical trauma, less from CPB and little if any from myocardial ischemia-reperfusion events. In addition, cardiovascular drugs in common use like ASA and heparin seemed to influence the pro- and antioxidant balance, a finding that has to be confirmed in future studies.


Memoranda of Agreements (MOAs) supporting the Philippine laws which govern the hydropower companies in Bakun watershed were analyze to examine the efficacy and transparency of the MOAs as basis of rewards. This study was conducted to develop a model of intervention to improve reward mechanisms that benefit the upland communities for the watershed services they provide. Two kinds of benefits (statutory and negotiated) derived by Bakun municipality from the hydro companies were identified and its pro-poor potentials were assessed. Based on the results, recommendations and challenges were identified to support the development of a pro-poor reward mechanism.


Oral exercises (drills) on the Simple Past versus the Present Perfect for ESL/EFL courses to learn spoken English and communication skills


Hypertext research has discovered new ways to explore, represent and visualise data and has led to many improvements in the usability and usefulness of systems. However, in the field of scholarly writing research, several studies discuss the need for improving the current state of affairs [18][24][29]. This research aimed to investigate whether typed and/or bi-directional links have an effect on users' performance and confidence when undertaking a literature survey [18], considered one of the phases of a scholarly writing process [29]. Two empirical studies were conducted - a survey and a formal experiment, and results showed that both typed and bi-directional links had significant effect on users' performance and confidence when undertaking common early scholarly writing tasks, specifically benefiting tasks relating to surveying existing literature.


Obesity in a dog is not a sign of moral weakness in either the animal or its owner – but a genuine disease requiring prompt and effective veterinary attention, delegates attending BSAVA Congress 2019 will hear.


ABSTRACT A low-carbon economy is not only vital to human survival but also to national energy security. The dual goals of carbon emission include those of a carbon peak and carbon neutrality, which are necessary for realizing new development patterns and promoting high-quality development in China. This study is focused on the innovation mechanism as applied to the dual goals of carbon emission, and two issues are considered – the overall carbon peak and carbon neutrality situation from resource tax and power reform perspective and the construction of a long-term mechanism to address environmental threats, such as smog. The continuous use of endogenous mechanisms to regulate the production and consumption behaviors of enterprises and people, as well as the means by which China may fully use its economic power to promote green, low-carbon, sustainable development are emphasized and analyzed.


Published kinetic data concerning the rates of hydrolysis of dipeptides are discussed and interpreted in terms of the expected electrostatic, polar, and steric influences of the constituent groups. The evidence is consistent with a reaction mechanism in which a proton is first added reversibly to the peptide nitrogen, and the amide cation so formed reacts at the carbonyl carbon atom with a water molecule in a rate-controlling bi molecular substitution. Substitution at the glycyl carbon atom of the parent substance glycylglycine will alter the steric hindrance to substitution by the water molecule. On the other hand, the polar effect of these substituents will be small and will have little influence on the rate of reaction. Substituents at the glycine carbon atom introduce polar factors only with little evidence of steric effects. This absence of a steric effect applies both to the formation of the amide cation and to the substitution by the water. Electron repelling groups decrease the rate of hydrolysis and must be considered to have a greater effect on decreasing the electron accession to the peptide nitrogen necessary for the rupture of the bend than on increasing the concentration of the amide cation. Electron attracting substituents act in the reverse manner. There is some evidence for a small amount of steric compression between groups on either side of the peptide bond for the bimolecular reaction with water.


"It is the business of the schools … to weave the lives of the young into the pattern of the social life around them."


This report outlines a methodology fcr validaiing a reliable multiprocessor system. This validation methodology is being used, in part, on the Fault Tolerant Multi-Processor (FTMP) at NASA/Langley's AIRLAB facility. Experiments discussed in this paper were designed to evaluate the fault-free performance of the system. The report describes a valid~.tion methodology and some performance metrics that were used in measuring the FTMP system. Both the methodology and the metrics are ap~ =icable to systerns other than FTMP. This is a simplified description of the tvst sequence used: 1. Measure the global clock to see that it counts reliably and that the time to access the clock is predictable. 2. Measure basic primitives of the system such as instruction execution times and operating system calls. 3. Measure the interaction of the system primitives by using a synthetic workload. The synthetic workload model developed in this report should be applicable to any multiprocessor controller computer system. It is hoped that this work can be used to guide the evaluation of other computer systems. If there is enough similarity in the methodology, comparisons between several different systems can be made.


Objectives: This study was conducted to assess the knowledge, attitude andpractices of students regarding blood transfusion in a medical institute. Settings: Azra NaheedMedical College Raiwind road Lahore. Study Design: Descriptive, cross sectional study. StudyPeriod: May and June, 2015. Methods: After the approval of the ethical institutional reviewcommittee, 168 students of 4th year MBBS and 6th semester DPT were included in this study.The data was collected on a structured questionnaire. This data was entered in the version 16of SPSS and analyzed by the use of statistical tools. Results: Out of the total 168 participants,90 (53.6 %) were the students of MBBS, whereas 78 (46.4 %) were the students of DPT. The ageof the respondents ranges between 19 to 28 years. 81 (48-2 %) were male students whereas87 (51.8 %) were females. The results represent that the medical students are having a goodknowledge regarding blood donation but a clear majority of the respondents (63.7 %) havenever donated blood. However a vast majority (78 %) of the participants responded to donateblood in near future. Conclusion: .The blood donation and transfusion is a safe procedure,but it may affect the health of recipient if the necessary measures are not observed. This studyreflects that medical students have good knowledge about blood donation and are willingto donate in near future. A campaign for awareness and motivation regarding voluntary andunpaid blood donation can help to achieve the target of WHO for safe blood transfusion.


.................................................................................................................................................... xi Background ........................................................................................................................................................ xi Objective .............................................................................................................................................................. xi Methods ............................................................................................................................................................... xi Results .................................................................................................................................................................. xi Conclusion.......................................................................................................................................................... xii Background .............................................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Harm caused by healthcare .................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Patient safety definitions ........................................................................................................................ 3 1.3 Preventable deaths in hospital: estimates and methods ............................................................. 3 1.4 Critique of previous measures of preventable deaths ............................................................... 11 1.5 Summary of rational for measuring preventable deaths .......................................................... 13 Primary Objective ............................................................................................................................... 14 Secondary Objective ........................................................................................................................... 14 Methods ................................................................................................................................................... 14 2.1 Study design and setting ........................................................................................................................ 14 2.2 Population .................................................................................................................................................. 15


This interpretation of the role of African states in the development of the law of the sea at UNCLOS III analyzes relevant economic and political factors behind policy decisions. First, an analysis...


A substantial number of models, predicting the Soil Moisture Characteristic Curve (SMC) from Particle Size Distribution (PSD) data, underestimate the dry range of the SMC especially in soils with high clay and organic matter contents. In this study, we 5 applied a continuous form of the PSD model to predict the SMC and subsequently, we developed a physically based scaling approach to reduce the model's bias at the dry range of the SMC. The soil particles packing parameter, obtained from the porosity was considered as a characteristic length. The model was tested by using eighty-two soil samples, selected from the UNSODA database. The result showed that the scaling 10 approach properly estimate the SMC for all soil samples. In comparison to the formerly used physically based SMC model, the proposed approach improved the model estimations by an average of 30% for all soil samples. However, the advantage of this new approach was larger for the fine and medium textured soils than that for the coarse textured soil. In view that in this approach there is no further need for empirical parameters, we conclude that this approach could become applicable for estimating SMC at the larger field scale.


Up to half of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) patients report having heartburn that awakens them from sleep during the night. Recumbent‐awake and conscious awakenings from sleep during the night are commonly associated with acid reflux events. The aim of the study was to assess the effect of esomeprazole 40 mg once daily on nighttime acid reflux, frequency of conscious awakenings associated with acid reflux and the recumbent‐awake period.


There could be witnessed an increasing tendency, in recent research, of using relationship quality as an all-inclusive/higher order construct that may lead to the loss of certain useful information. The paper highlights the need and importance for research to take into consideration the internal structure of relationship quality construct. With a theory-building objective, variance-based structural equation modelling (using PLS-logic) has been performed over a dataset of 284 dyadic supplier-buyer relationships. The results provide useful insights into the dynamics of downstream relationships. First, despite there has been some empirical evidence for a sequential link among three determinants of relationship quality, yet, both satisfaction and trust account for little variations in commitment. Second, the competence-based trust (like the integrity-based trust) largely emerges from higher social satisfaction instead of the economic satisfaction. Third, the social rewards matter more to the exchange partners than the economic rewards in fostering rationality-based commitment.


On the base of Markowitz's M - V model, using expected utility function, this paper provides quantitative analysis on risk- averse investor's extra profit respond of high financial risk, introduces the definition of risk premium and coefficient of risk premium and their function formula. And forthmore, utility function on negative exponent is obtained .


The purpose of this study was to design an attendance and payroll information system for employees of PT. Kartika Utama Semarang. The problem faced by this company is that all activities related to employee attendance and payroll have not been well integrated, so based on that a system is needed to integrate these needs automatically and manage everything by a computer using an RFID system in which the leader can integrate absenteeism and payroll with actual time. The research method that the author uses is research and development (R&D) methods. This study resulted in an information system application to facilitate the management of attendance and payroll of employees of PT. Kartika Utama Semarang.


Review Question The objective of this review is to examine the meaningfulness of women's experiences of living and coping with type 2 diabetes. The specific review questions to be addressed are: • What is the meaning of having type 2 diabetes for women? • How do women with type 2 diabetes cope with their disease? • What issues do women confront when living with diabetes? • What strategies do women use to manage their daily lives when they have diabetes? Inclusion Criteria Types of Participants: The review will consider qualitative studies that include women with a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes over the age of 18 years. 18 years has been chosen as this is regarded as the age of consent in many countries indicating achievement of adulthood. (31) Women with co morbid depression, anxiety and stress will be considered however, women with physical co morbidities such as hypertension will be excluded. Phenomena of Interest: The review will consider primary studies that explore the experiences of women living and coping with type 2 diabetes.


Nursing Standard's nurse of the year 2013 Matthew Hodson has completed the challenge of a lifetime by trekking along the Great Wall of China.


Guided by reflections on situated learning settings, training programs for women entrepreneurs should address their specific learning behavior by offering learning situations that focus on the practical problems of the business sector and, at the same time, provide networking opportunities for women entrepreneurs to interact with, and learn from, external consultants. The current paper examines learning-transfer orientations of eight interviewed women entrepreneurs after their participation in the 'Women Entrepreneurs: The Education and Training for Success Programme', which is a four-month training program tailored to the target group of female entrepreneurs from Germany and Ireland within the Horizon 2020 European Union initiative. The Documentary Method is used for reconstructing different sense-genetic, relational and socio-genetic typecasts of learning-transfer orientations of women entrepreneurs in a situated learning setting. The main objective of the paper is to give a comprehensive account of learning-transfer orientations of the interviewed women entrepreneurs. Furthermore, the paper aims to contribute hypothesized implications for future women entrepreneurs training programs.


(57) Abstract: The catheter (32), secured to the distal end of the catheter torque member (52) which extends longitudinally through the lumen (50) of (32), a torque member (52) removing mechanism (54), and a system having a guide wire having a guide portion (200) (46) extending through the lumen of the removing mechanism (54) is provided. Guiding portion (200) defines a curved contour, which has a diameter direction is greater than the size of the removing mechanism (54). Guide portion of the guide wire (46) (200) is adapted to be positioned inside the path of the plugging agent, the curved path is provided, along which, on the inside of the passage of the plugging agent , made advancement removing mechanism (54) is removed to separate the occlusion material. How to use this system, a method for producing a guide wire (46) and perfusion wire system is also disclosed.


The Upper Ordovician Wufeng Formation and Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation black shales are the critical targets for shale gas exploration in the Sichuan Basin of South China. The enrichment of organic matter (OM) in shale is the basis for the generation of large-scale shale gas; however, its controlling factors in Wufeng-Longmaxi shales are still under debate, and few studies have focused on the edge of the Sichuan Basin. Based on the mineral composition, total organic carbon (TOC), and systematic inorganic geochemistry analysis of 72 core samples from Wufeng and Longmaxi formations in Well Xike 1, southeastern Sichuan Basin, the sedimentary conditions (palaeoclimate, palaeoredox, and palaeoproductivity) were reconstructed, and the controlling factors of OM enrichment were identified. The mineral compositions are dominated by quartz, clay minerals, calcite, and feldspar, associated with minor dolomite, pyrite, and anhydrite. The TOC contents (0.31%-6.84%, avg. 2.22%) show an upward decreasing trend from the Wufeng Formation to Longmaxi Formation. The chemical index of alteration (CIA) ranges from 65 to 71 (avg. 69), indicating warm and humid climate with moderate weathering. The diagrams of Al2O3-TiO2, TiO2-Zr, Zr/Sc-Th/Sc, La/Th-Hf, and La-Th-Sc jointly indicate the contribution from felsic and intermediate rock weathering. The P/Al, Cu/Al, and Ni/Al ratios suggest that marine paleoproductivity was relatively high in the Wufeng Formation and relatively low to moderate in the Longmaxi Formation. The V/Cr, V/Sc, U/Th, MoEF/UEF, and Corg/P ratios indicate that the bottom water was anoxic during the Wufeng Formation deposition and then fluctuating dysoxic and/or oxic in the overlying Longmaxi Formation. The TOC content was positively correlated with productivity proxies (P/Al, Cu/Al, and Ni/Al) as well as redox proxies (U/Th, V/Cr, MoEF/UEF, and Corg/P), indicating that the OM accumulation in Wufeng-Longmaxi shales is mainly controlled by high productivity and anoxic bottom water conditions.


STRUGGLE FOR SOUTHERN AFRICA A *A. ML s the prime minister of a young and developing nation, I observe with sadness that several developing countries are locked in devastating conflicts. In most cases such countries are mere theaters of wars that have nothing to do with their people or their interests. More often than not, such conflicts occur in areas regarded as "spheres of influence" of stronger and wealthier nations. Indeed, most of the wars that have been fought in the last 40 years have been in Third World countries, but involved the limited participation of the superpowers and some of the great powers. Korea, Vietnam and the Middle Eastern wars are some of the conflicts that brought the world close to the brink of a generalized war. One such area of conflict now is southern Africa. I use the example of my own region because it presents a clear illustra tion of wanton destruction of lives and property, and of the danger posed to international peace and security. Zimbabwe and the United States have mutual interests in