Infineon Technologies Melaka today makes great financial investments in testing their processes and systems to ensure that they will meet customer expectations. The corporations go through all the precise steps to test as thoroughly as possible at a time in many cases at the end consequences are less than anticipated for the effort, time and dollars expended where the cost of manufacturing semiconductors continues to increase and has become a main concern in the industry is to do amount of cost saving. The company have been industrialized to reduce cost of test and to keep forward of the competitors. The most common metric used by managements to measure the main effectiveness and success of the TPM is the Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) in Semiconductor Company throughout the world. In spite of having expertise of skilled manpower and high performance fool proof machines yet the production equipment's still have problematic issues that causes the low performance on the OEE. The objective of the study is to narrow down by defining the major breakdown which causes the handler jamming and find the root cause of the defect, by proper trouble shooting on the test handler which could eliminate jamming and eventually improve the OEE. The DMAIC approaches will systematically applying Define, Measure, Analyse, Improve and Control as it adapts to recognized source of the problem at the defined stage where it provides a systematic methodology. To achieve permanent solution, step by step analysis performed to detect the real root cause eventually could improve OEE and eliminate the jamming of the test handler.


Shading is an important shape cue. Theories of 'shape from shading' assume that the shading is due to collimated beams irradiating opaque smooth Lambertian surface. Many objects are not at all opaque though. In cases of translucent objects photons penetrate the surface and enter the volume of the object, perhaps to re-emerge from the surface at another location. In such cases there can be no 'shading' proper. In the limit of very strong scattering these materials approach opaque Lambertian surfaces, in the limit of very weak scattering they approach transparent objects such as glass or water. A general theory of 'shading' in the case of translucent objects is not available. We study the optical properties for a number of geometries. In simple cases the scattering problem can be solved and we obtain models of 'shading' of translucent material that are distinct from the opaque Lambertian case. In more general cases one needs to make certain approximations. We show how to develop rules of thumb for generic cases. Such rules are likely candidates for models of human visual perception of wrinkles in human skin or articulations of cumulus clouds.


The Labour Protection Law is to improve and safeguard labour safety and health protection of employees at work and during any activity in any area through measures of labour protection (labour safety and health protection). Apart from a number of requirements to be meet by companies, special attention is to be paid to 5 and 6. Here legislation explicitly requires employers to determine the hazard potentials referred to the activities of their employees.


The Greater Mekong Subregion Economic Cooperation Zone(GMS) is the subregional economic cooperation zone in China-ASEAN Free Trade Area.Recently,there have been increasingly frequent exchanges and cooperation in economic trade,education and culture between Gunagxi and the GMS countries.This paper analyzes the status quo and the significance of the higher education exchanges in Guangxi and the GMS countries,puting forward the following development strategies for further cooperation in higher education.It focuses on deepening teaching reform to train international personnel and carrying out cross-border cooperation in running schools vigorously for mutual benefit and win-win target,etc.


Let K be a bounded, closed,convex region in the Euclidean plane.The main purpose of this paper is to determine the measure of all sets congruent to K which are contained in a convex polygon.By the application of this result some geometric probability problems involving lattices of figures will be solved.


Novel materials enable unprecedented laser performance in the visible and near-infrared spectral range. Tb3+LiLuF<inf>4</inf> delivers watt-level output in the green and yellow and the first cw Er:Sc<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf> laser emits 0.28 W at 2856 nm.


The 70,000 dwt semisubmersible crane barge MICOPERI 7000 is described. It is said to be the most expensive seagoing vessel ever built, having cost its owner, the Italian firm of Micoperi SpA, a record 600 billion lira.


The objective of this experimental program was to provide a means of assessing the viability of solar energy in an industrial environment. Southwest Research Institute (SwRI Project 06-5821) and Caterpillar Tractor Company (CTCo) jointly undertook one of the projects in DOE's Solar Industrial Process Heat (SIPH) Demonstration Program (DOE Contract DE-FC03-79CS30309) in which the team designed, constructed, and operated a 50,400 ft/sup 2/ SIPH system located at CTCo's San Leandro, California plant. DOE funded 75% of the design and construction costs with the remainder being provided by CTCo. DOE provided most of the funding for the evaluation of the system while CTCo made the in-kind contribution of operating and maintaining the solar system after completion of construction. Specifically, the objectives of this project were to determine: (1) performance, (2) installation costs, (3) operation and maintenance (O and M) costs, and (4) reliability of a high quality industrial grade solar system.


Mercury is the only element capable to biomagnificate along the food chain, and carnivorous fish tend to accumulate high concentrations of this element. Total mercury in muscle tissue of Carcharhinus signatus sampled along the western equatorial Atlantic Ocean was measured by atomic emission spectrophotometry with ICP/AES. The average total mercury concentrations were consistently greater than the maximum limit for human consumption established by the Brazilian Health Ministry for carnivorous fishes (1000 µg. kg-1 w.w.). Therefore, an average consumption of 0.1 kg/day of C. signatus would result in an average daily ingestion of 174.2 µg of Hg, more than five times the 30 µg/day intake established by the World Health Organization. In the range of lengths studied, body length could not be used as an indicator of the Hg contamination degree for C. signatus. Also, sex cannot be considered a determining factor in the total mercury accumulation in C. signatus.


Compressively strained epitaxial (001) EuTiO3 thin films of tetragonal symmetry have been deposited on (001) (LaAlO3)_0.29-(SrAl_{1/2}Ta_{1/2}O3)_0.71 (LSAT) substrates by reactive molecular-beam epitaxy. Enhancement of the Neel temperature by 1 K with 0.9% compressive strain was revealed. The polar phonons ofthe films have been investigated as a function of temperature and magnetic field by means of infrared reflectance spectroscopy. All three infrared active phonons show strongly stiffened frequencies compared to bulk EuTiO3 in accordance with first principles calculations. The phonon frequencies exhibit gradual softening on cooling leading to an increase in static permittivity. A new polar phonon with frequency near the TO1 soft mode was detected below 150 K. The new mode coupled with the TO1 mode was assigned as the optical phonon from the Brillouin zone edge, which is activated in infrared spectra due to an antiferrodistortive phase transition and due to simultaneous presence of polar and/or magnetic nanoclusters. In the antiferromagnetic phase we have observed a remarkable softening of the lowest-frequency polar phonon under an applied magnetic field, which qualitatively agrees with first principles calculations. This demonstrates the strong spin-phonon coupling in EuTiO3, which is responsible for the pronounced dependence of its static permittivity on magnetic field in the antiferromagnetic phase.


This paper aims to conceptualize Myanmar's current political system in federalism context by viewing relevant typologies, and models. It also intends to produce a new federalism typology/model that can be applicable to analyzing and predicting Myanmar's political architecture. The paper argues that transitional Myanmar is considered as a presidential-devolutionary federation with hybrid characteristics, combining various unitary and federal elements. More specifically and in dimensions relating to democratization and ethnic conflict management, which are significant in viewing the country's current politics, Myanmar is an oscillating state, pivoting on two different extreme poles (strong unity and strong autonomy or highly centralized unitarianism and highly decentralized federalism); thus making the state dependent much on uncertain-unstable circumstances and the country's federalization tends to be closely related to the fluctuation of power negotiations/competitions between two dominant stakeholders, composing of central government and ethnic opposition groups.


A method of analysis, initially developed as a method of distinguishing between chaotic dynamics and observational noise in time series, was applied to transects of chlorophyll a from the Southern Ocean. The algorithm works by predicting the behaviour of a data set based on patterns present within the data. This differs from previous analyses in that it permits classification of the dynamics governing the system. In a chaotic system, predictions become exponentially poor as one attempts to predict further ahead, due to the sensitivity of the system to initial conditions. However, in a system governed by stochastic noise, no such deterioration in predictions is observed. This work represents the first application of the algorithm to oceanic transect data, and our results show a less than exponential decline in predictive ability. The behaviour of the prediction curves is closely related to that of the corresponding autocorrelation functions, indicative of a stochastic, but spatially coherent data set with significant positive autocorrelations. Furthermore, successful prediction is correlated with the sum of the chlorophyll power spectrum. We conclude that the predictive ability of the algorithm is greatest when spatial variation in the chlorophyll transects is high.


This paper presents a method for improving the fidelity, accuracy, and utility of noise analysis techniques for the development and environmental review of advanced operational procedures. Advanced procedures have the potential to reduce aircraft noise using several methods including lateral track management (noise-preferred routes and track dispersion or concentration), vertical profile management, or speed and configuration management. Traditional noise analysis techniques such as the Aviation Environmental Design Tool model noise using a Noise Power Distance method, which does not fully capture aerodynamic and velocity effects. An alternative physicsbased modeling approach has been developed to capture higherfidelity noise impacts. This framework has been used to evaluate several candidate operational procedures for community noise impact.


Novel architectures and processors are designed to satisfy the needs specified by functional safety standards, like IEC 61508 and ISO 26262. An example for this devices is the TMS570 from Texas Instruments, which is a SIL3 (Safety Integrity Level 3) capable microcontroller. The question is whether a specialized hardware alone, like the TMS570 is enough for reaching safety goals or additional efforts should be done. This paper presents our novel idea of trace and debug port based watchdog processor that increase the safety for systems designed with traditional microcontrollers or with modern dual core safe ones. The approach presented is using the debug and trace hardware blocks (present in nearly every 32-bit microcontrollers introduced into the market in the last 5 years) to see inside the guarded system and to make statements of its healthiness. The paper shows the benefits and capability of such debug and trace hardware based watchdog control. We also introduce the bottlenecks of this approach and make suggestions to eliminate these, by making minor modifications to the existing trace blocks of the ARM CoreSight architecture.


Abstract In the essay entitled 'Towards a Sustainable City Centre' (published in JGB Summer 2006), the author reflected on principles how to best integrate ecologically sustainable development (ESD) into urban design. This second paper reports on his continuing research in the area of 'Green Urbanism'.1 Among the most significant environmental challenges of our time are global climate change, excessive fossil fuel dependency and the growing demand for energy—all likely to be major challenges of the 21st century and one of the greatest problems facing humanity. In this context, urban design and the fundamental principles of how to shape our cities has barely featured in the greenhouse debate. Much of the debate in related areas has so far circled around ideas about active technology for 'eco-buildings'. This is surprising, since almost half the energy consumed is used in cities and urban built-up areas, and given that avoiding mistakes in urban design at early stages could genuinely lead to more sustainabl...


Relying on Error Analysis, this article presents an empirical study that scrutinizes comprehensively the types and frequencies of errors in paragraph compositions made by 80 EFL students, Preparatory Year Deanship, at Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University. In addition, it aims at exploring the differences between male and female students in regards to these errors as well as investigating whether or not native and non-native English teachers affect significantly the types and frequencies of errors committed in writing. After analyzing 80 paragraphs at the sentence-level and the paragraph-level based on a particular rubric, the results reveal that the 80 students committed 1580 errors in total. At the sentence level, the subjects made 1316 errors in grammar (42.15%), Punctuation (16.14%), spelling (14.81%) and capitalization (10.19%). At the paragraph -level, the participants produced 264 errors illustrated in the following order: Errors in paragraph development (5.13%), Errors in paragraph coherence (4.87%), Errors in paragraph unity (3.80%) and Errors in inconsistency of point of view (2.91%). The results found that except for errors of grammar, there are no statistically significant differences between male and female students at the preparatory Year in Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University in the types of errors in paragraph writing. Moreover, the statistical analysis showed that there are statistically significant differences between university students taught by English native-speaker instructors and university students taught by non-native English instructors in some types of errors in paragraph writing i.e. errors in grammar, spelling and punctuation.


Microbial eukaryotes are ubiquitous in the environment and play important roles in key ecosystem processes, including accounting for a significant portion of global primary production. Yet, our tools for assessing the functional capabilities of eukaryotic microbes in the environment are quite limited because many microbes have yet to be grown in culture. Maximum growth rate is a fundamental parameter of microbial lifestyle that reveals important information about an organism's functional role in a community. We developed and validated a genomic estimator of maximum growth rate for eukaryotic microbes, enabling the assessment of growth potential for organisms and communities directly in the environment. We produced a database of over 700 maximum growth rate predictions from genomes, transcriptomes, and metagenome-assembled genomes. By comparing the maximal growth rates of existing culture collections with environmentally-derived genomes we found that, unlike for prokaryotes, culture collections of microbial eukaryotes are only minimally biased in terms of growth potential. We then extended our tool to make community-wide estimates of growth potential from over 500 marine metagenomes, mapping growth potential across the global oceans. We found that prokaryotic and eukaryotic communities have highly correlated growth potentials near the ocean surface, but there is no correlation in their genomic potentials deeper in the water column. This suggests that fast growing eukaryotes and prokaryotes thrive under similar conditions at the ocean surface, but that there is a decoupling of these communities as resources become scarce deeper in the water column.


pose of m y trip to Kodak Rochester is to study up-to-date me.thods to further increase production. Many of our departm e nts are work in g around the clock. "Biggest consumer of film is the motion picture industry. More movHorace West ies are being produced in England than ever before, and many are destined to be exported. The government, therefore, grants high priority on film to the movie industry, and the demand for negative, positive and sound-recording f11m is tremendous." West , who spent most of his time whi le here a t Kodak Park, made a trip to the West Coast where Emery Huse, head of the West Coast Office of Kodak's Motion Picture Films Dept., took him to see many of the large Hollywood studios and laboratories. Entertaining in England is almost impossible these days, he declared in commenting on conditions there. "Rations can't be stretched, but neither is anyone starving. Worst complaint about the food is its sameness," he said.


The problem studied may be regarded as a problem of geometry. Its simplest form (loosely stated) is then as follows: A mountain rises up from the x-y plane. Determine the exact shape of the mountain knowing only the cross-sectional area of every possible cut which can be made through the mountain with a vertical plane. In a more complicated version of the problem, the given information might be restricted to the cross-sectional area of every cut which can be made by a vertical plane inclined less than 45° to the y-axis. This latter case has direct applications to certain minimum drag problems in supersonic flow. The shape of the mountain corresponds to the (unknown) shape of the optimum lift distribution on a planar wing. The cross-sectional area of a cut is the integrated value of the lift along a straight line crossing the wing plan form. For a restricted range of line inclinations, these optimum integrated lift values can sometimes be determined directly. Here it is assumed that they are given. The problem in its simplest form was originally solved by Radon, who found solutions for a large class of such problems. The derivation presented here may perhaps be more readily understood.


Bcl-2 family proteins, as central players of apoptotic program, participate in the regulation of mitochondrial network. Here, quantitative live-cell Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) two-hybrid assay was used to confirm the homo-/hetero-oligomerization of mitofusins (MFN2 and MFN1), and also demonstrate the binding of MFN2 to MFN1 with 1:1 stoichiometry. FRET two-hybrid assay for living cells co-expressing CFP-labeled Bcl-XL (anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family protein) and YFP-labeled MFN2/MFN1 demonstrate the binding of MFN2/MFN1 to Bcl-XL with 1:1 stoichiometry. Neither MFN2 nor MFN1 bind with monomeric Bax in healthy cells, but both MFN2 and MFN1 combine with punctate Bax (pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 family protein) during apoptosis. Oligomerized Bak (pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 family protein) can only associates with MFN1 but not MFN2. Moreover, co-expression of Bcl-XL and MFN2/MFN1 exhibited the same anti-apoptotic ability as the expression of Bcl-XL alone to staurosporine-induced apoptosis, indicating the full anti-apoptotic ability of Bcl-XL complexed with MFN2 or MFN1. However, knockdown of MFN2 but not MFN1 reduced mitochondrial aggregation induced by overexpressed Bcl-XL, indicating that MFN2 but not MFN1 mediates Bcl-XL-induced mitochondrial aggregation.


Often the oral care of children is overlooked because of the fact that primary teeth are replaced by permanent dentition. Proper knowledge and awareness about primary dentition and its care among practicing dentists are essential to educating parents about the importance of oral care from a young age. This study aims to assess the awareness about primary teeth and the care of primary teeth among general dentists. One hundred dentists currently doing their internship in Chennai were surveyed using a multiple-choice questionnaire. Responses obtained were tabulated, and the results of the questionnaires were computed in percentages.83% of the dentists surveyed said it was sufficient to brush once,17% of the dentists surveyed felt it was essential to brush twice. 12% felt that chocolates were the chief cause of decay,6% felt that prolonged bottle-feeding predisposed children to caries,7% felt that improper brushing technique could be the cause of decay,75% of the dentists surveyed felt it was a combination of all the other factors that led to decay. This study found that the majority of dentists screened did have sufficient knowledge and awareness about the care and treatment of primary teeth. Any void in knowledge indicated by this study is a worrying concern and must be rectified by highlighting and stressing the importance of primary teeth during undergraduate education.


This paper presents an architecture and a hybrid routing protocol for multi-homed wireless mesh networks that provide uninterrupted connectivity and fast handoff. Our approach integrates wireless and wired connectivity, using multicast groups to coordinate decisions and seamlessly transfer connections between several Internet gateways as mobile clients move between access points. The protocol optimizes the use of the wireless medium by short-cutting wireless hops through wired connections, paying a very low overhead during handoffs. The paper demonstrates that inter-domain handoffs occur instantaneously, with virtually no loss or delay, for both TCP and UDP connections.


Naturally occurring isothiocyanates are effective chemoprotective agents against chemical carcinogenesis in experimental animals. In the present study, we clarified the molecular mechanism underlying the relationship between benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC)‐induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. The exposure of HL‐60 cells to BITC resulted in the inhibition of the G2/M progression that coincided with the apoptosis induction. We demonstrated that BITC significantly up‐regulated expression of the G2/M cell cycle arrest‐regulating genes including p21, GADD45, and 14–3–3σ. Thus, these gathered data further supported that BITC has a potential to induce apoptosis selectively in the proliferating pre‐cancerous cells through a cell cycle arrest‐dependent mechanism.


Brazilian propolis AF-08 as a dietary supplement has been shown to be effective in alleviating symptoms of herpes simplex virus and respiratory syncytial virus infection in mice. The alleviation was associated with the modification of immunological activity by AF-08 as a cytokine regulator. The immunomodulatory activity of AF-08 was suggested to contribute to the severity of symptoms and pathogenesis in cytokine-mediated diseases. In this study, we investigated the effectiveness of AF-08 as a potential cytokine modulator in alleviating autoimmune diseases. The efficacy and cytokine-modulatory activity of AF-08 were examined in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in mice. Mice were immunized with type II collagen. AF-08 at 0, 30, or 100 mg/kg was administered orally to the immunized mice once daily for three weeks before and/or three times daily for two weeks after the onset of CIA. The development of arthritis of the paws and inflammatory cytokine levels in serum were examined. AF-08 at 100 mg/kg significantly reduced the incidence and severity of CIA prophylactically and therapeutically and reduced the rise of systemic interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α levels in the early phase of CIA. In the early phase of CIA, the reduction of inflammatory cytokine levels by AF-08 correlated with the amelioration of symptoms of CIA. AF-08 might inhibit the initiation of cytokinemediated disease rather than suppressing disease progression without toxicity. AF-08 was confirmed to possess cytokine-modulatory activity in vivo. It is possible that AF-08 is a potential prophylactic and therapeutic agent for autoimmune diseases.


Surprisingly stable is the bis(hydrogen sulfide) of aluminum LAl(SH)(2) with two terminal arranged SH groups. The insertion of sulfur into the Al-H bonds is catalyzed by SP(NMe(2))(3). A possible mechanism is discussed.


This work proposes a fast deployment pipeline for visually-servoed robots which does not assume anything about either the robot - e.g. sizes, colour or the presence of markers - or the deployment environment. In this, accurate estimation of robot orientation is crucial for successful navigation in complex environments; manual labelling of angular values is, though, time-consuming and possibly hard to perform. For this reason, we propose a weakly supervised pipeline that can produce a vast amount of data in a small amount of time. We evaluate our approach on a dataset of remote camera images captured in various indoor environments demonstrating high tracking performances when integrated into a fully-autonomous pipeline with a simple controller. With this, we then analyse the data requirement of our approach, showing how it is possible to deploy a new robot in a new environment in less than 30.00 min.


This paper describes feasibility considerations and constraints for centralized cogeneration projects and describes a mixed fuel, utility-owned system (454,500 kg/hr (1,000,000 lb/hr) of cogenerated steam and 50 MWe of electrical generation) proposed for Tacoma, Washington. 5 refs.


Tourism as industry became an important economy resource which countries with tourism potentials gets benefits of and that made the new studies focus on this industry and study. The variables that relate to it such as tourists, tourism cities, and the attractant tourism potentials and this study addresses one of those variables which is how Saudi tourists trend to travel to outside the country instead of inside especially travelling to Dubai whereas the study focus on reconnaissance tourists bearings out of questionnaire distributed on the tourists to know their social characteristics and their age groups and the reasons they travel outside the country for tourism and this study aims to know the foreign tourism patterns for the Saudi tourists and highlight the foreign tourism movements and also aims to shed the light on how it effects the economic and identify why Saudis does not prefer domestic tourism and the reasons Saudis especially likes Dubai.
This study looks to make the tourism exemplar in Saudi Arabia . This study uses the modern methods , statistical methods and Geographic Information System (G I S) program in making tables , maps and graphs This study help in increasing the Saudi tourist's awareness towards the domestic tourism and being a factor in its growth. The study reached anumber of conclusions and recommendations the most important of which are that the tourist trips from the Kingdom to the tourist destinations according to the purpose of the visit during the period (2002- 2015), the main motive is entertainment and holidays, family and friends visit, business and conferences, shopping, religious reasons, education Training, health and hospitalization, sports, and transit. Also, when studying the tourist patterns that the Saudi tourist intended to travel to Dubai, we find that the growth rate of trips by purpose of the visit increased by 73.7% during the period (2002- 2015).


In this study, the dimensions of learning organisation questionnaires (DLOQ), as a measuring tool for the presence of learning organisation culture, was tested for its validity and reliability in the context of New Zealand manufacturing companies. The DLOQ has been validated in many different contexts before, but more studies are still needed to provide more evidence to the generalisability and robustness of the DLOQ. This study was carried out to investigate if the DLOQ can indeed measure the culture of learning organisation in New Zealand manufacturing companies as accurately and consistently just like in the other situations in which the DLOQ has been tested before. A total of 169 survey responses were analysed. As the results of confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and item analysis, it was found that DLOQ had demonstrated adequate construct validity and reliability to be used as a way to measure the learning organisation culture in New Zealand.


Two new blue light emitting trimeric compounds of the Y-shape type having high glass transition temperatures were synthesized and EL behavior of LED devices consisting of bilayers of the two compounds was studied. One of the compounds is of hole-transporting type containing carbazole moieties, whereas the other is of electron-transporting type bearing phenyloxadiazole moieties. The bilayer LED devices exhibit a strong field-dependence and emit white light (simultaneous light-emittance in blue, green and red regions), at high applied electric fields. Increased interfacial formation of exciplexes at stronger external fields appears to be responsible for this field-dependence.


The invention relates to a method for preparing safe latex gloves, particularly to a method for preparing latex gloves free of nitrosamine. The method for preparing safe latex gloves of the invention comprises the processes of preparing latex, cleaning models, drying models, cleaning models, scouring process, soaking coagulating agent, drying, soaking latex, filtering, hot-water vulcanization and drying finished product. The aqueous solution in the hot-water vulcanization process comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 2 to 9% of glycerol, 1 to 3% of gel, 0.5 to 2% of cellulose, 2 to 9% of silicon dioxide, 0.05 to 5% of ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid, 0.02 to 2% of polysorbate 80, 1 to 30% of lauric acid, 2 to 3% of oleic alcohol, 2 to 7% of refined lanolin and the balance of softened water. In the latex gloves prepared according to the method of the invention, the residual amount of the N-nitrosamine of the nitrosamine is less than 0.01 mg/kg; therefore, the invention is safe and dependable to use and greatly reduces the cancer risk.


not comment individually, and indeed should not do so, strong personal preferences notwithstanding come from internationally renowned experts in their respective areas. Without exception the articles contain (thanks to the interventionist approach adopted by the editors) a wealth of detail and extremely up-to-date material ; at the same time they reflect, yet without adopting partisan stances, the various positions in the politically controversial discussions on the new Europe. Taken as a whole, the volume offers a state-of-the-art presentation of the contemporary debate, representing an outstanding contribution to understanding thanks to individual chapters which move far beyond mere description and provide searching comparative analysis. The volume can also be used as a reference tool and contains an index of both


We derive another Wess-Zumino (minimal WZ) action which cancels the gauge anomaly of the chiral Schwinger model following a recently suggested method. The new WZ action cancels the gauge anomaly for {alpha}=1 and its effective action is equivalent to the usual one for {ital a}=2.


If we really want to automate data science we need to know how data scientists behave. In other words, we have to apply data science to data scientists. However, it seems very difficult to track all the activities a data scientist (or a data science team) is doing. Indeed, apart from a few surveys (about the tools and times they devote to every stage of the whole process), there is a lack of evidence about what data scientists really do and the decisions and actions they take, especially at a high granularity level. The introduction of data mining tools in the past two decades, such as SPSS Clementine (then IBM Modeler), Weka KnowledgeFlow, SAS Enterprise Miner, RapidMiner and many others that followed, made it possible, for the first time, to incorporate most of a data mining process into the same tool. However, logging the actions of the users had to be done locally, with the difficulty of obtaining a relative good number of expert experiences. Collaborative or competitive platforms such as Kaggle or Github can also be a source of data, but it is difficult to extract information about sequential workflow or the particular actions that have to be taken for all the stages of a data science project. This is aggravated by the recent "back to programming" trend, where the products of data scientists in these platforms are programs (usually in R or python), and not a sequence of actions over a structured set of possibilities. In fact, some tools that try to automate the process are based on the "knowledge, experience and best practices" of data scientists, such as DataRobot, but not based on the evidence of real logs at a high granularity level.


Nowadays the rapid growth of mobile traffic has attracted researchers' attention on the power efficiency problem in the Internet. Given the outstanding advantages of "edge cache" in content delivery services, researchers are attempting to apply this idea to reducing network power consumption. However, the power efficiency issue in the existing works is mainly researched under the background of the access networks and lack of in-depth analysis from the perspective of the cooperation between content providers (CPs) and Internet Service Providers (ISPs). Therefore, we design an edge cache-assisted power-efficient data transmission scheme in mobile wireless environments, where the power consumption problem of ISPs and CPs is formulated as a centralized model. Besides, we theoretically analyze this power efficiency model to optimize cache allocation and content distribution. Simulations are conducted in the different network scenarios and the simulation presents that the performance of the proposed minimal power model exceeds that of the current Internet solutions without deploying edge caches in the wireless networks.


■ ABSTRACT Tin oxide nanowires and heterostructures thereof were synthesized by sequential aplication of thermal and plasmaassisted chemical vapor deposition (CVD) methods. The wetting properties of surfaces based on individual nanowires, hyperbranched SnO2@SnO2 structures, and SnO2@SnO2@ SiOx core−shell heterostructures could be modulated from superhydrophilic to superhydrophobic by changing both chemical composition and the geometrical architecture of nanoheterostructures. Whereas the randomly grown SnO2 nanowires with a contact angle of 3° exhibited superhydrophilicity, the contact angle of SnO2@SnO2 heterostructures synthesized by a two-step CVD process increased to 133°. The corresponding contact angle of SnO2@SnO2@SiOx heterostructures was enhanced to 155.8° by a hydrophobic SiOx coating. Switchable surface wettability in SnO2@SnO2@ SiOx heterostructures was observed by alternation of UV irradiation, storage in dark, and O2 annealing, indicating that geometric microstructure was the major determinant in the switchable wettability. The significant change in the surface wettability upon changing the geometrical features is of potential interest in functional coatings such as antifinger print and self-cleaning surfaces.


A diel ichthyoplankton sampling program was conducted in upper Watts Bar Reservoir during 1978 to obtain information on (1) diel changes in the abundance of fish larvae in the planktonic drift and (2) the extent of visually mediated sampling gear avoidance by motile larvae. Statistical comparisons among triplicate day and night samples revealed few significant diel differences in densities of individual taxa (all sizes combined). These same analyses, however, indicated consistently significant differences in the mean total lengths of fish larvae between day and night samples. Size-specific day-night density ratios were used to elucidate diel patterns in clupeid larval densities. It was determined that clupeids in the approximate length range of 5 to 8 mm were more abundant in surface samples during the day than during the night. Clupeid larvae either smaller or larger were relatively more abundant during the night. It is likely that the greater nocturnal densities of larger larvae were due to the inhibition of visual gear avoidance during the night. Although no direct evidence is available, we believe that diel vertical migration was also a major factor influencing the observed patterns in size-specific, day-night density ratios.


This paper presents a survey of high-altitude plant communities which occur in the Western Carpathians with an enumeration of the characteristic, transgressive and differential species of the individual alliances, orders and classes. It describes the tall-herb vegetation (Mulgedio-Aconitetea) and communities of the subalpine shrubs (Betulo carpaticae-Alnetea viridis), the montane and alpine calcareous swards (Elyno-Seslerietea), the wind-exposed cryophilous swards on ridge edges with low snow cover (Carici rupestris-Kobresietea bellardii), the chionophilous communities of snow beds and snow fields (Salicetea herbaceae), the arctic-boreal dwarf-shrub heathlands (Loiseleurio-Vaccinietea), the alpine acidophilous grasslands (Caricetea curvulae) and the high-mountain mat-grass swards of the alliance Nardion strictae (Nardetea strictae).This study summarises the results of the syntaxonomical and nomenclatural revisions of various types of high-altitude vegetation in the Western Carpathians and the longstanding research in the field. The aim of this paper is to amass knowledge about the nomenclatural features, such as the synonyms, original diagnoses and nomenclatural types of the higher syntaxa in the Western Carpathians, that will be important and useful for a forthcoming vegetation survey of highrank syntaxa of Europe (EuroChecklist). It reflects the current status of knowledge regarding the floristic composition and distribution of high-altitude (alpine) non-forest communities in Slovakia.The fourth volume of Plant Communities of Slovakia, which discusses high-altitude vegetation, was recently published. This paper, however, contains some corrections and improvements to the concepts. It is presented in a compact form and in English, which makes it more accessible by international readership.


The preplacement examination should be preceded by an interview with the applicant by the nurse. At this time a careful health history is taken; this history is considered to be 85% of the value of the preplacement examination. Any points worthy of his attention are pointed up for the examining physician. During the interview the nurse has opportunity to lay the ground work for good industrial relations for the company and help the new employee understand the function of the health service and how to use it. With a job placement plan which considers physical and mental fitness, recommendations can be made after matching physical examination findings with job standards, that will assist in placing the individual on the job he is best qualified for and assuring management a full value of payroll dollars. The periodic examination is a part of the program initiated by preplacement examination. The high standard of health and safe placement is maintained by periodic recheck and an associated program of occupational health carried out in the health and safety departments. A periodic appraisal of individuals, their mental and physical capabili· ties and job capabilities, is essential in a growing organization.


Abstract I give a short and completely elementary proof of Takagi's 1921 theorem on the zeros of a composite polynomial .


A number of geological workers take it seriously that sublacustrine white smoke type exhalative rock is firstly discovered and contains complicated mineral component and rich special sedimentary structure in Xiagou Formation,Lower Cretaceous in Jiuxi basin.The authors research thoroughly the lithological characteristics of the exhalative rock which is divided into six types of hydrothermal mineral assemblages mainly including albite-ferrodolomite,quartz-albite-ferrodolomite,quartz-barite-albite-ferrodolomite, quartz-analcite-albite-ferrodolomite,dickite-ferrodolomite and ferrodolomite according to assemblage characteristics of the material components and which is divided into four types of the sedimentary types,i e,filling lode rock type,water bursting breccia type,basin depositing type and region diffusing type in term of hydrothermal mineral assemblages and the tenure and structure features.The different genetic type of the exhalative rock has the different hydrothermal mineral assemblage characteristic and the geological significance of hot water deposition.Based on all above,the authors establish sedimentary model of sublacustrine white smoke type exhalative rock in Xiagou Formation,Lower Cretaceous in Jiuxi Basin


This paper reports on the progress in a new project to instrument the Santis telecommunication tower in the Saint Gallen region of Switzerland.


This study concerns structural relaxation in sputtered Co‐metal amorphous films (here, Co8.15Zr8.5Pt10) taking place during isochronal and isothermal thermomagnetic treatment. The aim is to improve the stability of the films and to reduce their induced magnetic anisotropy. In these materials, the topological short‐range ordering (TSRO) directly connected to the amorphous film stability is irreversible, whereas the chemical short‐range ordering (CSRO), which has to do with magnetic anisotropy, is reversible. With a view to maintaining strict control over both TSRO and CSRO and to treat them separately, equipment was constructed to perform thermomagnetic anneals up to 900 K combined with quenches with initial rates of 500 K s−1. In the course of these treatments, resistance and magnetoresistance measurements were used to follow accurately, with a sensitivity better than 10−5, the evolution of TSRO and of induced anisotropic field HK without resorting to any other characterization than those made with this a...


The chemical composition of several by-products, chips, screw waters, and concentrates from a fiberboards manufacture green industrial process, which only employs wood and water, was deeply evaluated. The three by-products analyzed represent different steps of the industrial process. In addition, different types of wood: pine, walnut, chestnut, oak and cherry tree, were evaluated. For all of them, total polyphenols content, and antioxidant activity have been assessed, showing significant differences. To characterize the volatile compounds, an environmentally friendly technique, solid-phase microextraction has been employed. Besides, aqueous and generally recognized as safe organic extracts obtained from the by-products have been prepared, and their chromatographic fingerprint was obtained by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to identify extractable organic wood components. Significant differences were observed between the studied by-products and wood types. More than 30 different compounds were successfully identified in the screw waters, and concentrates, including terpenes, sesquiterpenes, or polyphenols. Regarding the obtained extracts, up to 30 compounds were identified in the chips, screw waters, and concentrate extracts, highlighting the presence of 13 polyphenols in the cherry tree chips and more than 20 compounds with interesting properties in the concentrate extracts. This work contributes to improve the knowledge about the chemical composition of several wood industry by-products, which could be exploited to obtain natural extracts with added value for their reuse in the food, cosmetic, or pharmaceutical industry, reducing also the environmental impact of the industrial activity.


Particle-in-Cell (PIC) simulation codes have wide applicability to first-principles modeling of multidimensional nonlinear plasma phenomena, including wake-field accelerators. This review addresses both finite difference and pseudo-spectral PIC algorithms, including numerical instability suppression and generalizations of the spectral field solver.


Background: COPING parent (Confident Parent Internet Guide) is an online universal parenting programme designed for parents of children aged 3-8 who are interested in learning positive parenting strategies to address everyday parenting challenges. Most people now have access to the internet and many parents seek online parenting advice, so it is important to ensure that advice is both evidence-based and freely available. The 10-week online COPING parent programme presents information and activities based on core social learning theory principles. The programme provides information and video examples of parenting skills, uses quizzes to test knowledge and suggests home practice activities. This study was undertaken to obtain feedback on the usefulness and acceptability of the programme to inform its further development. Design and Methods: The programme was created using the LifeGuide software and participants (n=20) were asked to complete one chapter of the programme each week and provide feedback. This feasibility study was undertaken to highlight any technical issues and suggest modifications prior to a more rigorous evaluation. Results: Both participant feedback and programme usage data are reported. Thirteen feedback forms were returned and programme usage data was downloaded for all participants. Feedback suggested modifications that included adaptations to enable the programme to be accessed by tablet users, an option to look back over previously completed chapters, the inclusion of more video examples of positive parenting and text message prompting to address attrition challenges. Significance for public health Good quality parenting is associated with positive child outcomes, including increased social and emotional competence, pro-social behaviour and well being; therefore providing evidence-based parenting support is potentially a useful way of promoting positive child development. Whilst there are evidence-based services for parents of children with identified behavioural and other developmental problems, there is less reliable support for parents in general. Most parents do not receive evidence-based advice on dealing with common everyday parenting challenges, as there are fewer public health resources available for parents in general. The changing patterns of family life have increased the demands on all parents and many now seek advice online, therefore universal web-based provision may be a useful public health tool to equip parents with the skills to practice positive parenting, address everyday parenting challenges, encourage positive child behaviour, achieve good child outcomes and avoid problems becoming more severe.


Aftershock sequence of 19th May, 2009 Lunayyir earthquake (Mw 5.7) has been recorded by deploying seismic stations immediately after the occurrence of the main shock. Analysis of this sequence clarified that; the major part of cumulative seismic moment released during the first hours after the occurrence of the main shock; their orientation is north west (NW) parallel to the Red Sea axial trend along Najd faulting system; it is clustered at two depths; from 5-10 and 15-25 km beneath Lunayyir area; illustrated successive periods of maxima and minima; decayed rapidly following the relation of n(t)=37.28 t-0.6. Fault plane solutions for five large events indicate normal faulting is the major mechanism. These findings are in agreement with the north east (NE) (transform fault) trend runs crossing the Red Sea into Shield area where the activity has been initiated and travelled through the Lunayyir area. While the NW Najd faulting system runs parallel to the Red Sea axial trend and intersected with NE fault trend underlying Lunayyir area. Accordingly, it can be concluded that, the recent earthquake activities at Lunayyir lava flow area are related to the present-day Red Sea tectonics. Monitoring earthquake activities through installing permanent seismic network around the area is highly recommended.

 Key words: aftershock sequence, fault plane solution, stress, and Lunayyir.


The invention relates to a storage unit with a channel control portion for receiving a data input / output request; a cache memory for storing data; a disk control section for performing an input / output processing of data according to the data input / output request; and a plurality of disk drives for storing data; wherein at least two of the disk drives with different communication speeds enter data in the disk control section and output therefrom. Further, the memory unit has a plurality of communication paths that are provided so as to connect at least one of the disk drives in such a way that a defined by the FC-AL fiber channel standards loop is formed, so that communication speeds for these different communication paths may be set differently.


This paper presents WAS-X (Waseda Anthropomorphic Saxophonist robot X), a saxophonist robot designed following an "Instrument-centered" approach. WAS-X can play on a regular alto saxophone two octaves of music with a direct MIDI input control, but it is much smaller and simpler to control than its WAS predecessors and can be used in the future for more complex interaction studies. In developing this robot, we used a Design Thinking method with the goal of solving the "wicked problem" of finding a balanced solution between performance quality and dynamic movement freedom for interaction purposes. From a Design Thinking perspective, we replaced "User-centered design" with an innovative "Instrument-centered design" and explored different development alternatives, ultimately focusing on the human holding posture of the saxophone by observing saxophonists and following how beginners learn to play the saxophone.


This article contributes to the debate about the political role of the business firm. The article clarifies what is meant by the "political" role of the firm and how this political role relates to its economic role. To this end, the authors present an ordonomic concept of corporate citizenship and illustrate the concept by way of comparison with the Aristotelian idea of individual citizenship for the antique polis. According to our concept, companies take a political role if they participate in rule-setting processes and rule-finding discourses. Though this political role of the corporation is in principle ambivalent, the authors conclude that in such processes of "new governance" the economic and political roles of the firm need not contradict each other but can follow the same win-win logic of individual self-perfection through cooperative social interactions.


It is shown that optimization of a data modulation technique in a spread spectrum communication system requires generalization of processing gain definition because conventionally defined processing gain is not always a sufficient parameter. Introduction of the generalized parameter, relative effective processing gain, allows selection of the signals with maximum jam resistance and multiple access capacity.


The invention relates to a pest capturing device, in particular to a portable pest capturing device which is combined with a main working cabin and a pest-storing net cabin, etc., which are made from materials such as PVC and arranged with matching negative pressure suction. The device is used for capturing flies, mosquitoes, deerflies and cabbage caterpillars. The device can replace toxic chemical spraying agent such as dichlorvos and dimethoate for killing pests and is applicable to families in urban or suburban areas, guesthouses, restaurants, hotels, hostels, eateries, offices, airplanes, trains, vehicles, ships, dormitories, farms, urban and suburban refuse dumps, environmental hygiene organizations and farmlands all over the world for protecting vegetables, fruits and foodstuff from being contaminated by pesticide residues; the device can effectively capture the pests that harm human beings by spreading cholera, typhoid and destroy farm plants with a speed of capturing 80 to 300 pests per minute, and then distributes the living pests without the chemical contamination of the pesticides to livestock farms for breeding chickens, ducks and fishes as high protein feedstuff so as to realize the aim of stopping general environment pollution, turning harm to benefit and protecting the health of human beings.


Objective To study the incidence, latency, treatment and Prognosis of radiation induced malignant tumors.Methods A retrospective study was done on 18 cases of radiation induced malignancies. All original cancers were nasopharyngeal carcinoma, 12males and 6 femaes. The initial radiotherpy was 60 Co or 8MVX ray, Conventionally fractionated at dose of 70 86GY. Results After 3~19 years of the initial radiotherapy, 18 Patients developed tumors within the portal. There were: 5 squamous carcinoma of gum, 3 Squamous cell carcinoma of external auditory canal, 2 squamous cell carcinoma of hard palate, 2 squamous cell carcinoma of tongue, 2 skin carcinoma,2 nasopharyngeal sarcoma,1 malignant histiocytsis of nasopharyngeal I osteosarcoma of the maxillary bone.Conclusion Radiation induced malignant tumors have a long period of latency, Suitable treatment method could improve prognosis and quality of the patient's life.


A chiral aqua iridium(III) diamine complex is used in the asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of various α-cyano and α-nitro ketones to afford the corresponding optically active alcohols with high enantioselectivities.


The distribution in range of slow mesons created by cosmic rays on lead and graphite nuclei at effective energies on the order of 5 Bev and higher has been investigated. Some peculiarities of secondary interactions of penetrating particles of electron-nuclear showers at the same energies are also examined. (auth)


Temperature governs the nature of materials properties and varied interactional processes that can play a role in generating signals for chemical and biochemical sensing. Integrating heaters into microscale devices with other components required for sensing enables the control and measurement of temperature at the active portion of such devices. Fabrication methods and characteristics are described for two types of temperature-addressable platforms: microhotplate arrays of chemiresistive elements for gas-phase chemical sensing, and planar, 3-electrode electrochemical structures for stability measurements on solution-phase biochemicals. The manner by which rapid localized heating can enhance data streams for sensor-based chemical recognition, and also allow faster measurements of biomolecular stability of small-volume samples, is discussed.


Submitted for the MAR12 Meeting of The American Physical Society Sorting Category: 01.1.14 (E) Aggregation and network formation in aqueous methylcellulose near the sol-gel transition SARA ARVIDSON, JOHN MCALLISTER, JOSEPH LOTT, FRANK BATES, TIMOTHY LODGE, University of Minnesota — Methylcellulose (MC) is a semiflexible polymer which can be soluble in water at low temperatures, depending on the average number of methyoxyl groups on each repeat unit. Upon heating, soluble MCs pass through a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) and undergo thermoreversible gelation, which is well described by Winter-Chambon critical gelation theory. The relaxation exponent (n) exhibits a smooth variation with concentration, approaching n = 1 at low concentration and n = 0.5 high concentration. We selected a set of commercial MC for materials with similar degrees of substitution, but known for their significant variations in gelation temperature in water. MCs which gel at higher temperatures also exhibit a plateau in elastic modulus at low frequencies, which indicates two relevant length scales coexist just below the gel point. Scattering experiments (static, dynamic, and small angle x-ray and neutron) are compared to rheological measurements to reveal the MC chain structures and aggregation associated with phase separation and gelation and enable a mechanistic understanding of these phenomena. X Prefer Oral Session Prefer Poster Session Sara Arvidson firstname.lastname@example.com University of Minnesota Date submitted: 06 Jan 2012 Electronic form version 1.4


1. The present paper is intended to report the experiments on the mode of overwintering and the primary infection of Piricularia Oryzae, the causal fungus of the blast disease of rice plants.2. The conidia on any parts of the diseased rice plants or the mycelium within the tissue of the diseased spots must be considered as the principal overwintering organs of this fungus.3. In the present experiments, conidia on the diseased straw and seeds kept in dry condition at room temperature retain their vitality during more-than one year, but those kept on the soil, as well as in the barnyard manure, lost their vitality in the next spring.4. The mycelia in the diseased tissue which kept in dry condition alive far longer than the conidia under the same condition, and in the case of diseased node, the mycelia retain their vitality more than 1058 days, while those under the moist condition lost their vitality at the middle of April in the next year.5. The overwintered mycelia abundantly produce conidia on the surface of the substratum under the moist condition. The luxurious formation of conidia occurs in temperature from 18°C. to 30°C.6. The conidia which overwintered on the diseased straw, as well as those formed on the surface of the diseased tissue under the moist condition, are capable to infect the healthy rice plants. The conidia on the surface of apparently healthy seeds which taken from the diseased rice plants and the mycelia penetrated into the tissue of partially blasted-seeds give rise the wilting of rice seedlings when the seeds are planted in the next year. Thus they may serve as the most important source of the primary infection of this fungus.7. To control of the blast disease of rice plants, some treatment on the diseased straw and seeds must be needed. For the severely attacked straw, its burning or mixing to barn-yard manure and fodder is the best method. Moreover, hot water treatment is recommendable for the affected seeds.


Abstract - White-tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus) have overbrowsed much of the hemlock-mixed northern hardwood forest in northeastern Pennsylvania. I investigated the possible deleterious effect of this overbrowsing on 4 ground-cover-dependent small-mammal species through the use of deer exclosures. From May through September 1996–2005,4 * 10 Sherman live-trap grids were placed in two 0.65-ha exclosures and their adjacent control sites in forest heavily browsed by deer. One exclosure was located beneath a primarily oak-maple canopy and the other exclosure under Tsuga canadensis (Eastern Hemlock). More Myodes gapperi (Southern Red-backed Vole) were captured in the oak-maple grids than in the hemlock grids and more M. gapperi were taken in the oak-maple exclosure than in the neighboring control. Microtus pinetorum (Woodland Vole) first appeared at the grids six years after the exclosure construction, and a large majority were taken in the oak-maple exclosure. Of Blarina brevicauda (Northern Short-tailed Shrew) captured at the grids, 80% were taken in the oak-maple grids and 58% in the oak-maple exclosure. Beginning in 2000, most of Sorex cinereus (Masked Shrew) captured were taken in the oakmaple habitat. Most of those trapped under the oak-maple canopy were taken in the control. These observations suggest that heavy deer browsing may depress populations of M. gapperi, M. pinetorum, and B. brevicauda, but not Sorex cinereus.


A malignant myeloproliferative disorder occurred in a Japanese child with Down's syndrome. In addition to the features of acute myeloblastic leukemia, the patient demonstrated extensive megakaryocytic infiltrates in spleen, liver, lymph nodes, kidneys, and pancreas. The disturbance of bone marrow function in Down's anomaly may involve thrombopoiesis as well as granulopoiesis.


Platelet concentrates (PCs) have been used for over 20 years in dentistry, as an adjunct to oral surgery procedures, to improve hard and soft tissue healing and control postoperative symptoms. Among various PCs, Leukocyte and Platelet-Rich Fibrin (L-PRF) has become very popular due to its excellent cost-effectiveness ratio, and to the simple preparation protocol, but comparative clinical studies with other PCs are lacking. The aim of this split-mouth cohort study was to evaluate the effect of Concentrated Growth Factors (CGF), a recently introduced PC, as compared to L-PRF for enhancing post-extraction socket healing. Methods: Patients in need of bilateral tooth extractions were included. Each side was treated with either CGF or L-PRF. Pain, socket closure and healing index were the main outcomes. Results: Forty-five patients (24 women), aged 60.52 ± 11.75 years (range 37–87 years) were treated. No significant difference in outcomes was found, except for Pain at day 1 (p < 0.001) and socket closure in the vestibulo-palatal/lingual dimension at day 7 post-extraction (p = 0.04), both in favor of CGF. Conclusions: based on the present results, CGF proved to be as effective and safe as L-PRF, representing a valid alternative option for improving alveolar socket healing and reducing postoperative discomfort.


Debates about changing contemporary Western societies have emphasized the increasingly fluid and fragmented nature of identities, suggesting that people draw their sense of identity from increasingly diverse sources, including sport and leisure lifestyles. Drawing on ethnographic work on windsurfing subcultures, this article explores the ways in which participants create and perform (sub)cultural identities through their "new sport" consumption and its attendant lifestyle. The paper identifies the main features of the windsurfers' status system, illustrating that demonstrating commitment, not the conspicuous display of equipment or subcultural style, is central to the meanings the windsurfers give to their participation and subcultural identity. The paper concludes by examining to what degree purported features of contemporary postmodern culture, such as a loss of self-identity, are reflected in such seemingly "image-based" new sport consumption practices.


The changes in activities of key enzymes involved in sucrose-to-starch conversion and contents of hormones in superior and inferior spikelets were investigated and their relation with grain filling of super rice was analyzed with four super rice cultivars,Liangyoupeijiu and Ⅱyou 084(indica hybrids),Huaidao 9 and Wujing 15(japonica),and two high-yielding and elite check cultivars,Shanyou 63(indica hybrid) and Yangfujing 8(japonica)as material in paddy field.Activities of sucrose synthase(SuSase),adenosine diphosphoglucose pyrophosphorylase(AGPase),starch synthase(StSase),and starch branching enzyme(SBE) and contents of zeatin + zeatin riboside(Z+ZR),indole-3-acetic acid(IAA),abscisic acid(ABA) in superior and inferior spikelets were determined during the grain filling period and their relationships with grain filling rate were analyzed.Maximum grain filling rate,the time reaching a maximum grain-filling rate,mean grain filling rate and brown rice weight for superior spikelets slightly differed between super rice and elite check rice,but those for inferior spikelets were significantly different between super rice and check rice cultivars.Changes in enzyme activity and contents of hormones in grains followed single peak curves during the grain filling period.The peak and mean activity of SuSase,AGPase,StSase and SBE were lower in inferior spikelets than in superior ones,as well as the peak and mean contents of Z+ZR,IAA and ABA.The peak and mean contents of ABA were significantly greater in inferior spikelets than in superior ones and greater in the super rice than in the check rice.The grain filling rate was positively significantly correlated with the activities of SuSase,AGPase and StSase and contents of Z+ZR and IAA,but not significantly correlated with activity of SBE and ABA contents.The results suggested that the low activities of SuSase,AGPase and StSase and low contents of Z+ZR and IAA may be an important reason for the slow grain filling rate and low grain weight of inferior spikelets in super rice.


Stress testing the vulnerability of financial institutions to adverse macroeconomic events is an important tool in assessing financial stability. Central banks and financial regulators increasingly use this approach in calibrating the risks facing the financial system. A number of recent policy initiatives also aim to formalise a role for stress tests. One of these has been the inclusion of stress tests in the IMF Financial Sector Assessment Programmes (FSAPs). Stress testing is also important as part of Pillar 2 of the New Basel Accord. For example, with regard to the procyclicality debate, macro stress testing might give some indication of how the impact on bank capital during a recession would vary depending on the type of recession (eg whether it is consumeror export-led).


The comparison between double meter method and three meter method on Electrical Machine test is firstly introduced.Then the power measurement method and its error with capacitor current existing are analyzed.Next,a method to improve the double meter method is proposed.Finally,the influence and its eliminations are discussed.


The present invention discloses an expansion card fixer which can be applied to fix an expansion card in a slot of an electronic device. The expansion card comprises a noumenon and a clamping structure, wherein the noumenon has a first side and a second side corresponding to the first side. A card hook is set on the first side of the noumenon. The clamping structure extends from the second side of the noumenon and can be used to clamp the expansion card on it. Card hook will fix the card on the internal wall of slot when clamping structure of the expansion card fixer clamps the expansion card, and the combination of expansion card fixer and expansion card intercalated into the slot.


We read with interest the article by Lei et al [1]. The authors compared the performance of the SunvouCA2122 and NIOXVERO instruments for measuring fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO). FeNO levels were obtained using both devices in patients with asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and chronic cough. It was concluded that the devices can be replaced by each other and are essentially interchangeable. This conflicts with the work of previous investigators that examined the NIOX VERO, Sunvou-CA2122 and other devices. In a prior comparison of the Sunvou-CA2122 and NIOX VERO, FeNO values were 'strongly correlated but significantly different' [2]. Significantly higher FeNO values were observed with the SunvouCA2122 compared to the NIOX VERO (median 87.0 ppb, range 16–276 ppb and median 58.0 ppb, range 9–228 ppb, respectively; p < 0.001), and these differences increased at higher levels. Despite a high correlation between devices (rs = 0.878; p < 0.001) the research demonstrated a 'low degree of agreement' and 'low degree of consistency between the devices', leading to the conclusion that 'the FeNO values obtained with (Sunvou-CA2122) cannot be interpreted according to the American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society (ATS/ERS) criteria, but need to be converted by a regression equation before being used for clinical purposes'. The authors speculated that the different technologies utilized by the two devices (reported as a Nano Coulomb current sensor for SunvouCA2122 and electrochemical sensor for NIOX VERO) might be a factor contributing to these results [2]. Similarly, other investigators have compared the NIOX VERO to other FeNO-measuring instruments. In one study of NOX VERO, Vivatmo-PRO (Bosch) and HypAir-FeNO (Medisoft) analyzers, mean differences in paired FeNO values ranged from −0.7 to 4.3 ppb and measures correlated (r2 always >0.9; all p < 0.001) [3]. However, even though the Bland–Altman assessments of FeNO results strongly suggested that the devices agreed with each other, it was concluded that 'absolute FeNO measurements may differ to a clinically relevant extent using (different analyzers), and that they cannot be used interchangeably' [3]. Comparing the FeNOmeasurements between the Sunvou CA-2122 and NIOX VERO devices in the current study [1], the authors state that the Bland– Altman plot only showed a moderate degree of agreement, with the Sunvou-CA2122 analyzer reading significantly higher than the NIOX VERO to a modest degree (mean difference 2.6 ppb; p < 0.001). Additionally, 7% of all values were outside the 95% Confidence Interval of−13.8–19.0 ppb for the differences between the two devices. The range of the differences in FeNO values was wide, from −41 to 31 ppb, and appears to bemore pronounced at higher FeNO levels [1]. Given thatmany asthmamanagement guidelines, including the widely regarded ATS clinical practice guideline for interpreting FeNO [4] utilize cut points for FeNO when diagnosing and evaluating patients (e.g. <25 ppb, 25–50 ppb and >50 ppb), these large differences could result in differing or altered treatment decisions. The advantages described for the Sunvou-CA2122 were in part based on 0.3 fewer measurement attempts and a total time of 7 s less required for a successfulmeasurement (mean values) [1].We agree that fewer attempts and shorteningmeasurement time can improve efficiency, but while these differences were reported to be statistically significant (p = 0.009 for both), they cannot be considered meaningful. Also, the authors noted that the NIOX VERO did not require calibration with standard gases prior to conducting testing as this is done during the manufacturing process, making it unnecessary for the user to calibrate the device [1]. Based on these observations, we would suggest that the Sunvou-CA2122 andNIOXVEROdevices for measuring FeNO are not interchangeable.


The epileptogenic effect of known amounts of alumina cream injected 3 mm below the pial surface of the right sensori‐motor cortex was investigated systematically in 16 cats observed for 80 days.


The Curie transition in a VF2‐TrFE random copolymer of fixed chemical composition (60/40 mol %) has been investigated as a function of processing history. Both solution cast and melt crystallized materials were investigated using differential scanning calorimetry and wide angle x‐ray diffraction. Results indicate that due to the higher solubility of TrFE units in dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, and cyclohexanone, solution cast films of VF2‐TrFE yielded crystalline regions deficient of TrFE units. Upon annealing, a redistribution and equalization of the TrFE comonomer units within the crystalline regions was observed to occur resulting in a lowering of the Curie point. Melt crystallization, on the other hand, provided a more uniform distribution of TrFE units within the crystalline and amorphous regions, each having nearly the same proportion as in the overall composition. Subsequent annealing caused negligible changes in the Curie temperature.


■ The concept of social role has been used in all fields of social work practice. Of particular concern in this paper is its application in casework treatment. The caseworker first identifies the client's wishes, defenses, pressures, and so on and then elects a role that will enable the client to use the caseworker in aiding the former's socialization process. The writer reviews the literature on role theory and provides examples of practice applications. ■ The concept of social role has become part of the very web of social work thinking and literature. The role of the social worker as an "actor" in the subculture of the pro fessions has been evaluated (30, 43),1 as well as his role as a member of the inter disciplinary team, particularly the clinical


To mitigate the contemporary environmental challenges and to respect the regulations on the progressive ban of hydrofluorocarbons (HFC), natural fluid CO2 was selected as an ideal refrigerant alternative in the transportation domain. In this study, the optimal CO2 charging amount and the refrigerant distribution in a bus air conditioning/heat pump system were analyzed in detail. The results showed that there was a plateau (so named by the best charging amount) of the CO2 charging amount in which the system performance reached an optimal value and maintained it nearly unchanged during this plateau while the performance declined on both sides of the plateau. In addition, the ambient temperature was found to have little effect on the determination of the refrigerant charging plateau, while the refrigerant distribution was affected by the ambient temperature to some extent. Due to the large thermal load and thermal inertia on a bus, the data and conclusions obtained are different from those of ordinary electric small passenger vehicles. This article aims to discover some quantitative parameters and lay a theoretical foundation in this field which is lacking relevant research. Through the research based on the GT-Suite simulation platform, we simulated the transcritical CO2 cycle applied on a bus, and the performance changes of the bus system (COP 1.2–2.2, refrigerating capacity 9.5–18 kW) under different charging rates (3–8 kg) were obtained.


*Daisaku Ikeda was president of Soka Gakkai, the largest organization of Buddhist lay believers in Japan, from 1960 to 1978, and has been honorary president since 1979. He is concurrently president of Soka Gakkai International.


In order to guarantee the viability and function of transplanted organs and tissues two major and related techniques have been used. These are immunosuppressive regimens and selection of a donor and recipient with least possible antigenic differences.1,2 The latter is known as "tissue typ. ing" or "histocompatibility testing" and the usefulness of matching donor and recipient by tissue typing has been proven by long survival of properly typed grafts. This procedure is not simple in humans and has yet to be developed in dogs; moreover, Terasaki and his group,3 who are among the pioneers in this area, pointed out that it is difficult to obtain matched pairs in a small pool of patients and that there is a tendency to accumulate patients of rarer types and low-antigen types.


I am not as adventurous as Dr Boyton and therefore less likely to find myself observing a freak skiing accident.1 I am sometimes in a position, however, where I have to contemplate the consequences of a Good Samaritan act; as …


Absolute propagation and termination rate constants have been measured for the liquid phase autoxidation of some α-substituted toluenes at 30 °C. Rate constants for reaction of α-substituted toluenes with their own peroxy radical and with the t-butylperoxy radical have been compared. It would appear that the reactivity of an α-substituted benzylperoxy radical depends on the nature of the α-substituent.Reactivities of α-substituted toluenes towards the t-butylperoxy radical, the bromine atom, and the phenyl radical have been compared.


The alternating current flowing in the busbars of gas insulated switchgears (GIS) or substations generates Joule-heat both in the busbars and - due to eddy currents - in the metal enclosure. Besides heat conduction, the steady-state temperature of the conducting parts highly depends on the heat transfer between them and the encompassing gas insulation. The flow of the gas inside and outside the equipment that is, natural convection together with radiation determines the transferred heat. Such conjugate heat transfer problems can be treated numerically by finite element simulations. This paper compares the results of uni- and bidirectional coupling of electromagnetic and flow field simulations of a high voltage, gas insulated, three-phase busbar. It also discusses the influence of radiation on the results.


This paper describes a two-stage mixed-suspension, mixed-product removal (MSMPR) continuous crystallization developed for a pharmaceutical intermediate which uses anti-solvent and cooling to generate supersaturation. The results indicate that the stage in which anti-solvent is added has a significant influence on the final crystal properties, while purity and yield were nearly identical. The population balance model was employed to determine growth and nucleation kinetics through parameter estimation. With the incorporation of measured equilibrium distribution coefficients, the model was used to optimize crystal purity and yield of the product with respect to operating temperature and residence time.


Horphology and crystallography of 'the formation of small segregates in Czochralski grown calcium gallium germanium garnet (CGGG) are studied using TEM and STB1. Based on the observations, the following model has been developed for the formation of these defects. Evaporative loss of Ge from the melt during the crystal growth and the resulting local deviations from stoichiometry lead to random nucleation of small plate-like precipitates, rich in Ga. As these precipitates grow, strain field interaction leads first to the formation of three-dimensional segregates and later, to their alignment along the elastically soft <100> directions. Isolated segregates are also observed. Some of the segregates contain a central void filled with oxygen gas while some others with or without a void have one or more dislocation loops around them. These segregates have the same garnet structure, but a different chemical composition; rich in Ga and depleted in Ge. The model suggests that segregate-free crystals can be gro~vn by suppressing the evaporative loss of Ge from the melt during crystal growth.


In his third of three laws, the late science fiction writer Sir Arthur Clarke once surmised that 'any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic1. To those unfamiliar with the methods of machine learning (ML), it would seem almost magical to see a computer interpret an electrocardiogram (ECG) in under a second, a technique that for a human requires many years of training, as well as continued practice. And yet, computers are the furthest thing from magical. Computers are machines. Machines that execute a script exactly as it is written by a human. Machines that do not get bored, hungry, distracted, or sick, and that are more than capable of doing the same thing over and over and over again. One requires little in the way of imagination to see how a computer that is trained to replicate human skills in medical diagnosis could be useful in today's high-paced, highvolume healthcare world. And yet, before we place our lives and livelihoods in the hands of a computer algorithm, how do we know we can trust it? What is the process for obtaining trust in a model?


Barrier islands are dynamic environments because of their position along the marine–estuarine interface. Geomorphology influences habitat distribution on barrier islands by regulating exposure to harsh abiotic conditions. Researchers have identified linkages between habitat and landscape position, such as elevation and distance from shore, yet these linkages have not been fully leveraged to develop predictive models. Our aim was to evaluate the performance of commonly used machine learning algorithms, including K-nearest neighbor, support vector machine, and random forest, for predicting barrier island habitats using landscape position for Dauphin Island, Alabama, USA. Landscape position predictors were extracted from topobathymetric data. Models were developed for three tidal zones: subtidal, intertidal, and supratidal/upland. We used a contemporary habitat map to identify landscape position linkages for habitats, such as beach, dune, woody vegetation, and marsh. Deterministic accuracy, fuzzy accuracy, and hindcasting were used for validation. The random forest algorithm performed best for intertidal and supratidal/upland habitats, while the K-nearest neighbor algorithm performed best for subtidal habitats. A posteriori application of expert rules based on theoretical understanding of barrier island habitats enhanced model results. For the contemporary model, deterministic overall accuracy was nearly 70%, and fuzzy overall accuracy was over 80%. For the hindcast model, deterministic overall accuracy was nearly 80%, and fuzzy overall accuracy was over 90%. We found machine learning algorithms were well-suited for predicting barrier island habitats using landscape position. Our model framework could be coupled with hydrodynamic geomorphologic models for forecasting habitats with accelerated sea-level rise, simulated storms, and restoration actions.


Shanghai's 60-year economic development process indicates that the evolution of industrialization has had a profound impact on the changes of industrial structure.In this paper,Hoffman ratio is used to measure Shanghai industrialization level,while ratio of output in industry and tertiary industry is used to measure industrial structure level.The regression analysis of nearly 60 years' Shanghai historical data from year 1952 to 2009 is used to explain the relations of Shanghai industrialization and industrial structure.On this basis,the evolution of industrialization has effects on industrial structure;there're achievements and exciting problems,and there're countermeasures to lead a new path of industrialization and readjust Shanghai industrial structure.


Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome [ARDS] is usually associated with significant morbidities, and may need admission to intensive care unit [ICU]. Mechanical ventilation when indicated needs continuous monitoring.
Aim of the work: To assess clinical value of ultrasonic monitoring in pulmonary recruitment and optimal positive end-expiratory pressure [PEEP] in cases of ARD.
Methods: It included thirty patients with ARDS. All were subjected to clinical evaluation, X-ray chest, lung ultrasound and laboratory investigations. All patients underwent mechanical ventilation by increasing PEEP, starting at 5 mmHg then [6, 9, 12, and 15 mmHg] according to patient response with documentation of good response. At each PEEP, chest ultrasound was completed and results were correlated with respiratory functions.
Results: Hypertension, diabetes, COPD and hypothyroidism were reported in 63.3%, 66.7%, 16.7% and 40.0% respectively. The rate of primary weaning success was 36.7%, and 30.0% achieved weaning success in the third trail; tracheostomy indicated for 13.3%, pneumothorax 10.0%, pleural effusion 6.7% and mortality rate was 33.3%. Increased PEEP was concomitant by progressive improvement of respiratory functions. In addition, there was progressive significant decrease of B-lines at different areas from right and left lungs. All effects were significant at PEEP 9.
Conclusions: Gradual increments of PEEP helps to tailor the patient response on an individual basis. The use of readily available, portable ultrasound, permits the daily monitoring and could guide the treatment protocol.


In recent years, along with the increasing popularity of multi-hop wireless networks, there has been a growing demand in the coupling of these networks to external ones such as the Internet. As traffic destined for external networks increases, special attention is required not only in gateway selection, but also in optimized routing and scheduling in order to maximize the network performance. In this paper we introduce the Ideally Scheduled Route Optimization (ISRO) method to address this concern. ISRO is the combination of three separate optimization problems: optimal routing of gateway traffic under ideal conditions, interference-free scheduling to determine link capacity, and route adjustment in light of the new link capacities. The performance of ISRO is evaluated by experiment which shows significant potential in maximizing the throughput and capacity of the network.


Background: Dengue fever is caused by an Arbovirus and spread by Aedes mosquitoes. Severity of disease ranges from Dengue haemorrhagic fever to dengue shock syndrome, which making it life threatening disease; hence an important public health concern. All the serotypes; Dengue 1- 4 have been isolated in India. Since 1 st evidence of dengue fever in 1956 from Vellore district of Tamilnadu, India. Objective of the study was to study epidemiological factors associated with fever outbreak. Methodology: All fever cases admitted at Government Medical College and Hospital Aurangabad during month of July and August from Aurangabad city was included in the study and 8 death cases during fever outbreak were studied in detail. Hospital records of all admitted fever cases were studied. Secondary data from Aurangabad Municipal Corporation and meteorological department were used to study serological and entomological parameters . Results: Fever outbreak was Dengue fever. Out of 308 cases studied in GMCH Aurangabad, 56 cases were NS1 positive. Maximum dengue cases (41%) were found in 11 to 20 year age group. Males were proportionally more affected (66%). HUDCO and CIDCO Area were most affected area (37.5%). Total 8 death cases out of 56 diagnosed cases were due to Dengue haemorrhagic fever/Dengue shock syndrome. Rainy season with increased breading of Aedes mosquito is responsible for spread of Dengue. Conclusion: Inter-sectorial coordination shall be improved, for water management and constructions in the city, to eliminate mosquitoes breeding sites. Aurangabad municipal corporation shall work together to improve public health care at Aurangabad. There is need of strengthening of disease surveillance system by notification of infectious diseases, establishment of peripheral health centers of municipal corporation of Aurangabad and orientation of medical officers in national integrated vector borne disease control programme. Monitoring committee comprising of experts from Medical colleges, Public Health services and administration of municipal corporation of Aurangabad shall be established to monitor control measures for various infectious diseases.


Objective To evaluate the correlation between spiral CT ( SCT ) features and expression of cyclooxygenase-2 , nm23 in esophageal carcinoma.Methods Spiral CT scans were preformed in 44 patients with esophageal carcinoma before operation, and the results were compared with that of operation and pathology. Immunohistochemical streptavidin peroxidase conjugate method was used to analyze the expression of Cox-2 and nm23 in esophageal carcinoma. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS 12.0 software. Results (1) The accuracy of spiral CT scan in judging adjacent- infiltration and lymph node metastasis in 44 patients was 88.6%(39 of 44) and 90.9% (40 of 44) respectively,there was significant coincidence with operation and pathology(P0.0001); (2) The positive rate of Cox-2 was 79.5% (35 of 44), which was positively in relation to SCT features including tumor size, adjacent-infiltration , infiltration depth and lymph node metastasis(P0.05);(3) The positive rate of nm23 was 68.2% (30 of 44),which was negatively in relation to SCT finding including lymph node metastasis and infiltration depth(P0.05);(4)The abnormal expression of Cox-2 and nm23 protein might act on the lymph node metastasis of esophageal carcinoma together.Conclusion SCT scan can well display the imaging feature of esophageal carcinoma. SCT feature has a close correlation with expression of Cox-2, nm23.


The purpose of research, (1) examine the contribution of the personality, learning facilities, and monitoring parents on learning outcomes mathematics indirectly through student discipline, (2) examine the contribution of the personality, learning facilities, and monitoring parents of student discipline, and (3) examine the contribution of student discipline on learning outcomes in mathematics. This type of research is based on a quantitative approach. The study population 181 eighth grade students of SMK Muhammadiyah Surakarta 1. The research sample 125 students is detemined by the formula slovin. The sampling technique using proporsional random sampling. The data collection technique with questionnaires and documentation. Data were analyzed using path analysis. The results of the study, (1) personality, learning facilities, and monitoring parents contribute simultaneously to the results of learning mathematics through discipline with (α = 0,05). Partially, personality does not contribute derectly to the learning outcomes of mathematics and indirectly contribute positively through discipline. The learning facilities do not contribute either directly or indirectly through the discipline of the learning outcomes in mathematics. Monitoring parents do not contribute either directly or indirectly through the discipline of the learning outcomes in mathematics, and (2) personality, learning facilities, and monitoring parents contributing simultaneously to discipline with (α = 0,05). Partially, the personality that directly affect the discipline of 35,1%. The learning facilities that directly affect the discipline of 1,15%. Monitoring parents that directly affect the discipline of 0,68%. (3) discipline contributes to the learning outcomes of mathematics at (α = 0,05).


Nowadays, the level of technological progress, the foundations of which were laid in previous decades, has made it possible to practically master the use of near-earth orbits and conduct separate research trips beyond them. Further steps, including expanding the functionality of space vehicles in near-Earth orbits, the creation and regular operation of a lunar space base, large-scale planetary and other bodies of the solar system exploration, and sounding of deep space, requires, first of all, a sharp increase in the capabilities and efficiency of space transport systems. A further increase in the flow rate of the working fluid requires an increase in its specific energy content, that is, conversion to a plasma state, which is implemented in ion engines. In ion engines, ion beams are accelerated in an electric field organized by electrodes. The volume charge in the accelerating gap is not compensated; this serves as one of the restrictions on the current density in such a beam. In the present work, we took hydrogen, deuterium, helium, nitrogen, argon, krypton, xenon as the working fluid, for which the dependences of the optimal ion emission current density on the distance and voltage between the electrodes of the accelerating gap, breakdown voltage of distance between the electrodes, specific thrust of the specific impulse, specific impulse of the mass number of ions and others were calculated, and the most promising and effective working fluid was determined.


A theoretical analysis of two-phase flow and heat transfer in a horizontal channel in the presence of an inclined magnetic field has been investigated in this paper. The inclined magnetic field is a strong magnetic field and the induced magnetic field is produced along the flow direction. The fluids in both phases were incompressible and the flow was assumed to be steady, one-dimensional and fully developed. Further it is also assumed that the two fluids have different viscosities and thermal conductivities. In this paper, we have investigated the upper phase of the two fluids which is assumed to be electrically conducting and that of the lower phase is electrically non-conducting. The transport properties of the two fluids were taken to be constant and equal temperature. The differential equations governing the flow are non-dimensionalised and solved analytically with appropriate boundary conditions. The computed results of velocity distributions, induced magnetic field strength and the temperature distributions are depicted graphically for distances from the fixed horizontal plates and for different angle of inclinations.


The relationship between democracy and wealth has long been considered one of the more robust associations within the literature on democratizing states. One side of the debate situates wealth within the context of economic development, and argues that high levels of economic development are associated with higher levels of democracy. Others focus upon the incentive structure of the political and economic actors within the state rather than the structural trajectory of economic development to explain levels of democratization in a given country. Carles Boix argues that as income inequality rises and asset specificity takes on a specific form than the chances of democratic emergence and stability decreases. I argue that Boix's assumptions associated with redistribution and taxation being the primary motivation for preference formation regarding democratization is not conceptually appropriate in communist regimes since pressures associated with taxation that determines the costs of redistribution operate very differently than conceptualized (or possibly not at all) in these types of authoritarian regimes. If preference formation regarding democratization in communist regimes is not driven by concern about redistribution and taxation than conclusions that are derived from a model that assumes such an association does not fit the political realities in communist countries. In short, since political elites and their preferences are formulated differently in these states then Boix's theory operates differently (or possibly not at all) under these conditions. I test my argument using a nested analysis research design that utilizes a large-n dataset and case-study of Vietnam.


In this study, we have prepared lysozyme imprinted poly(ethylene glycol dimethacrylate-Nmethacryloyl-l-histidine methylester) (PEDMAH) nanoparticles and then attached on the surface of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor. Lysozyme imprinted SPR nanosensor was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, and ellipsometry. The nanosensor has an ability to detect lysozyme molecules from both aqueous and natural complex source, chicken egg


Optimization of the physician-to-physician referral process is increasingly important with managed care. Based on a physician survey, we found that there is potential to improve the efficiency and appropriateness of the communication process through computerization.


In the 1950s and 1960s, Puerto Rican commercial cinema focused on transitioning from providing a low-cost location for foreign film industries to developing locally produced movies that could be globally marketed. Mostly co-productions with other Spanish-speaking countries, these films often became popular, both at a local and multinational level. Foreign financing contributed to the efforts to integrate the Puerto Rican film industry into the global market of the time. Between 1958 and 1963 there were more than a dozen films produced on the island—a national peak—most of them funded by Columbia Pictures (USA) or co-produced with other Spanish-speaking countries.1 But external funding meant films had to appeal to broader markets in order to turn in a profit. This was often achieved by the use of known actors, sexy women, and famous singers. Simultaneously, as John King explains, "in an attempt to compete with the Italian divas and the Hollywood stars, [Latin American] film-makers turned to deliberately national and nationalist themes. . . . for example, cinema drew on [national] literary best-sellers,"2 and movie soundtracks became "nationalized." Mexican cinema popularized ranchera songs and Argentina brought about tango. While the narrative portrayed by images could easily be understood as "universal," national specificity portrayed through tools such as music and iconic scenarios made each film unique. The coexistence of both universal and localized traits in Puerto Rican films of the 1950s and 1960s make cinema a perfect ground to study the boundaries between the local and the foreign in such a globalized context.


— Due to the ecological and economic importance of the species Pseudobombax munguba (Mart. & Zucc.) Dugand. (Munguba), it is necessary to investigate the most appropriate conditions for conducting its germination process. Therefore, the objective of this work was to evaluate seed moisture, number of seeds/kg, and the influence of different temperatures and substrates on the process of seed germination. The initial seed moisture was evaluated with samples containing four replicates of 10, 20, 30, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90 and 100 seeds dried in an oven at 105±3ºC. Germination was tested in three different substrates: sand, vermiculite, and Germitest® paper rolls (three sheets/roll) at constant temperatures of 25, 30 and 35ºC in a germination chamber. The number of 50 seeds per replicate had more homogeneous representation with 7.2% moisture. Sand or vermiculite substrates at a temperature of 25°C can be indicated to conduct the germination of the species under controlled conditions. Germination rates in sand substrate reached 69% when assessed for root protrusion, and 53% for seedling formation. Germination rates in vermiculite were 74% for root protrusion and 56% for seedling formation. The initial development was homogeneous and there were higher rates of germination speed in both substrates when assessing seedling formation. content of showed the lowest standard deviation (0.13%) in the intermediate group of treatments, with no significant differences between and all other Differences between replicates ranged from 0.2 to 2.4% all The had a difference of 0.3% from the These show that with is more representative for evaluating the moisture content of


Inhalation of prostaglandine F2α increases the sensitivity of the bronchial tree on dogs. This increased sensitivity against acetylcholine is probably caused by an increase of the sensitivi