The infiltration equation with a time-dependent surface flux is solved numerically for nonlinear conductivities, using first-integral and shooting techniques. The diffusivity and conductivity are both taken as power laws. The relative accuracy of the numerical technique is obtained by comparison with the case of linear conductivity, where an exact analytical solution exists. An approximate analytical result is given and compared with the solution for nonlinear conductivities from the shooting technique. It is found that the approximate analytical result is an excellent approximation to the exact numerical solution. It is also suggested that the solution obtained here can be used to validate the numerical solution of Richard's equation for arbitrary soil properties and arbitrary boundary conditions.


Tourism is one sector of the economy with the potential to be developed to contribute to GDP. Tourism can boost economic growth both directly and indirectly. The objective this study is to investigate empirically the long-run relationship between tourism development and GDP per capita in seven ASEAN countries for the 1995-2014 period by using the recently developed panel cointegration technique. This study also to examines the causal relationship by using Granger Causality tests. The results of the FMOLS show that, there is a long-run relationship and positive effect between tourist arrivals and GDP per capita in the seven ASEAN countries. The results of the study find that a bidirectional causality between tourism and GDP per capita.

Keywords: Tourism, GDP Per Capita, Panel Cointegration, Causality, ASEAN Countries.


LED lamp 20 according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a pair of input terminals portions 20a, 20c, a rectifier circuit 22, and a LED light-emitting portion 24, a pair of input terminals portions 20a, one of the 20c from the input terminal portion passes through the rectifier circuit 22 and the variable inductance portion L50, L60 for supplying an alternating current to flow to the other input terminal portions, the current detector for detecting the magnitude of the DC current flowing through the LED light emission unit 24 has a 31 and a variable inductance control unit 32 for varying the inductance value of the variable inductance portion L50, L60 in response to the magnitude of the DC current detected by the current detection unit 31.


1. Introduction, Donald Getz & Tommy D. Andersson. 2. Impacts of Cultural Events in Eastern Finland - Development of a Finnish Event Evaluation Tool, Katja Pasanen, Heidi Taskinen & Jenni Mikkonen. 3. Casual Observers, Connoisseurs and Experimentalists: A Conceptual Exploration of Niche Festival Visitors, Szilvia Gyimothy. 4. Festivals in the Barents Region: Exploring Festival-stakeholder Cooperation, Sidsel Karlsen & Caroline Stenbacka Nordstrom. 5. Festival Innovation: Complex and Dynamic Network Interaction, Mia Larson. 6. Festival Ownership. Differences between Public, Nonprofit and Private Festivals in Sweden, Tommy D. Andersson & Donald Getz. 7. Cultural Tourism Innovation Systems - The Roskilde Festival, Anne-Mette Hjalager. 8. Celebration of Extreme Playfulness: Ekstremsportveko at Voss Reidar, J. Mykletun. 9. The Festivalscape of Finnmark, Kari Jaeger & Reidar J. Mykletun. 10. The Event-Tourist Career Trajectory: A Study of High-Involvement Amateur Distance Runners, D. Getz & T.D. Andersson. 11. Exploring the Success of the Gladmatfestival (The Stavanger Food Festival), Kari Einarsen & Reidar J. Mykletun. 12. Stakeholder Influences on the Ownership and Management of Festival Brands, L. Mossberg & D. Getz. 13. Sami Heritage at the Winter Festival in Jokkmokk, Sweden, D.K. Muller& R. Petersson. 14. Event Experiences in Time and Space: A Study of Visitors to the 2007 World Alpine Ski Championships in Are, Sweden, Robert Pettersson & Donald Getz.


Due to the restriction of use of hexavalent chromium in motor vihicle and its parts coatings,a chrome-free zinc-aluminum coat was developed.The process of zinc-aluminum coat was esteblished by study its anticorrosive mechanism.The chrome-free zinc-aluminum coat has already been used on aluminum alloy valves.It has characterigties of high corrosion resistance,no hydrogen brittleness and self-healing.


Most previous surveys of U.S. physicians regarding assisted suicide and euthanasia have sampled single states or specialties. This survey, sent to 3,102 American physicians, sampled 10 specialties especially likely to encounter this issue (e.g., geriatrics, infectious diseases, oncology, nephrology, neurology, pulmonary, etc.). The response rate was 61 …


In a typical six month job, appraisal of senior house officers (SHOs) should be undertaken every two months. If there are clear appraisal objectives it is a rewarding exercise, maximising job satisfaction for SHOs and enabling the department to get the best out of them. The goals of an appraisal are: (1) Review of performance to date. (2) Objective setting. The SHO should be encouraged to identify specific training goals which should be agreed by both parties, with plans as to how to achieve them. Ideally it should be possible to measure these goals objectively to confirm progress. (3) Career development. Often at this stage SHOs will not have fixed career plans but it is usually possible to identify overall career intentions, plus examinations and courses that will help their continuing professional development. The appraisal is also an opportunity to look at the SHOs potential and how this can be best fulfilled. For the appraisal to work the following four stages should be undertaken:


In this paper, we find that the robust portfolios constructed from worst-case approaches systematically bet more on the factors in an asset universe composed of equities, fixed incomes, and commodities. This generalizes the findings that the robust equity portfolios are more tilted towards Fama–French factors than mean–variance portfolios. In addition, we show that the factor exposures of robust portfolios can be controlled by adding linear constraints to the original robust problems but the revised approach comes at the cost of decrease in robustness.


Determining how much an image is blurred is crucial in many computer vision applications. This study focuses on obtaining the amount of motion blur induced by rotating camera looking into a static scene. A reference based motion blur metric using standard deviation is proposed. This metric is developed experimentally by working on different image samples taken from a legged mobile robot. The reference frame is selected automatically among the sharpest frames detected in a streaming video frames. The results show that the proposed method can yield enough accuracy to classify the frames captured on a legged robot platform according to the motion blurring magnitudes.


Background and purpose: Emotional intelligence and creativity are among effective factors in real life outcomes such as academic achievement, business success, successful interpersonal relationships, and general mental health. Present study aimed to compare emotional intelligence and creativity in gifted students and students with average intelligence. Method: present research was a descriptive study with casual-comparative design. Study population consisted of all the high school students who were studying in the schools of Damghan in 1392-93 academic year. Sample consisted of 60 students that were selected using convenient sampling method (30 gifted students and 30 students with average intelligence) and completed Creativity Scale (Abedi, 1984) and Emotional Intelligence Test (Bar-On, 1999). Results: results of independent sample t test indicated that comparing students with average intelligence, gifted students gained significantly higher scores on emotional intelligence and creativity (except the flexibility subscale) ( p < 0.05). Conclusion: the performance of students with average intelligence can foster through administering effective training programs on emotional intelligence and creativity. The implications are discussed further in the paper.


On July 2003, the Italian Ministry of Environment financed a project called "New Eden" to the Iraq Foundation, an NGO active in the reconstruction effort in Iraq. The objective of the project focuses on the identification and prioritization of key water management problems, and on development of a comprehensive policy using a participatory process for water resources management in Iraq. Through resource planning, the project has identified actions to bring major improvements to the welfare of the Iraqi population and condi tion of their environment, both of which have significantly deteriorated over the last decade. The project would guide donor assistance for development and contribute beneficially to water management, including investments from other economic sectors. The first phase of the project was dedicated to data gathering to create an organized and comprehensive overview of the biophysical and socio-economical data. On the basis of collected data, the development of an integrated water management model is important to understand Iraq's water needs and to prepare an action plan for the management of water resources in Iraq. A major objective of the project includes concrete proposals for immediate actions that do not require substantial financing, but which can bring significant and rapid results to the Iraqi people and their environment. These analyses define the Priority Action Plan in agreement with local authorities and stakeholders to outline the capital investment program of emergency water works in selected critical areas. Successful completion of this project entailed the collaboration and cooperation of the existing engineering and scientific community in Iraq through missions of Italian and U.S.A. technicians coupled with the efforts of local Iraqi Foundation experts. Our approach included collaboration with local experts to identify and assist in solving key water - and environment-related problems.


This article attempts, for the first time, to link some central motives in the thought of Jürgen Habermas with the biographical experiences of the philosopher and social theorist. What are the relations which Habermas himself thematizes in his life story by means of discursive analysis? Three elements are central: the change in significance of the nation state against the backdrop of the process of European integration, the concept of a deliberative democracy, and the timely and controversial issue of the taming of world capitalism. Finally, the article discusses the question of how plausible it is that there is no alternative to capitalism and to what extent democracy can tame capitalism.


In this paper, we describe an approach of using casebased reasoning in an agent-oriented setting. CBR is used in a real-time environment to select actions of soccer players based on previously collected experiences encoded as cases.


From the Publisher:
Memory Issues in Embedded Systems-on-Chip: Optimizations and Exploration covers techniques for optimization of system-level memory requirements, and exploration of candidate memory architectures for implementing processor-core-based embedded systems. It is designed for researchers and graduate students; for designers of embedded systems who are migrating from a traditional micro-controller centered, board-based design methodology to newer design methodologies using IP blocks for process of core-based embedded systems-on-chip; and for CAD tool developers who wish to expand their application base from a hardware synthesis target to embedded systems that combine significant amounts of software and hardware.


Pullet egg as a general nourishment,rapid and accurate detection of its sales levels and storage life is important for consumers and producers. Egg white is detected by square wave voltammetry electronic tongue,at the same time,Haugh unit is tested by egg tester to establish correspondence with storage period and different levels of raw eggs. It is feasible to select the first peak current,the second peak current and the second minimum current as characteristic value. Then principal component analysis( PCA) and discriminant function analysis( DFA) are used to process the experimental data. The DFA is better than PCA in detection of egg sales levels and storage life.


The subject of this paper is to report on the problem of cultural differences in management between Tunisia and Europe in the context of the company.Thus, the paradox between values and the way of managers' life in companies. Therefore, daily strategies also represent one's willingness to be accepted by society and not to be cut off.The present article has three parts. The first is to identify the cultural foundations of European society, the Anglo-Saxons and the francophone's culture. The second is to show how Tunisian cultural values are unsuited to the European model. The third part is to propose some recommendations for adapting the strategies of Tunisian companies to their European partners. Based on the Tunisian cultural configuration and the information collected through the case studies, we recommend a code of conduct companies attempt to bring together all staff around common values and to foster a common culture where social responsibility can play an important role. These codes cannot be imposed but must correspond to the reality of the business under. It is difficult for a gap to be created between the speeches and the reality, leading to the de-involvement of managers.The subject of this paper is to report on the problem of cultural differences in management between Tunisia and Europe in the context of the company.Thus, the paradox between values and the way of managers' life in companies. Therefore, daily strategies also represent one's willingness to be accepted by society and not to be cut off.The present article has three parts. The first is to identify the cultural foundations of European society, the Anglo-Saxons and the francophone's culture. The second is to show how Tunisian cultural values are unsuited to the European model. The third part is to propose some recommendations for adapting the strategies of Tunisian companies to their European partners. Based on the Tunisian cultural configuration and the information collected through the case studies, we recommend a code of conduct companies attempt to bring together all staff around common values and to foster a common culture where social responsibility can play an important role. These codes cannot be imposed but must correspond to the reality of the business under. It is difficult for a gap to be created between the speeches and the reality, leading to the de-involvement of managers.


Deep neck abscess is an abscess formed in potential space in neck fascia resulted by infection deployment from various sources like teeth, mouth, throat, paranasal sinus, ear, and neck. This research was a retrospective descriptive study design with secondary data from all the neck abscess patient's medical record treated in RSUP Sanglah Denpasar. Twenty nine patients with neck abscess are included in this study with characteristic assessment related to gender, age, complaint, diagnosis, germs culture, antibiotic sensitivity, length of stay in hospital, commorbid factor, and complication. The subject is patient with deep neck abscess admitted in RSUP Sanglah from January until December 2014 with gender distribution of men (75,86%) and women (24,14%), with average age of 50,33 years old. Keyword: Deep neck abscess, Characteristic, Infection, RSUP Sanglah.


Objective To introduce management of clinical trial drugs in our institution,and to discuss a rational management model. Methods Management of clinical trial drugs is stated in establishment of regulatory regime and centre trial pharmacy,SOP of drugs management,and quality control. Results In the practice of our hospital,it is remarkably superior for model of centre trial pharmacy about management of trial drugs. Conclusion Centre trial pharmacy model can safeguard the safety of all trial subjects,and ensure the scientificity and reliability of trial results.


Art and literature. These terms reflect a French tradition built at the intersection of writing and the visual arts, particularly painting, drawing, sculpture, photography and film. The synthesis of the arts, starting with the Realist and Symbolist movements, reshaped artistic modernity until the advent of the avant-gardes and Surrealism, by closely associating visual, poetic and narrative practices. Bernard Vouilloux, retracing the history of these interactions, particularly in the 19th cent...


Using individual patient records for every hospital in California from 1983-2011, we find a strong inverse link between daily stock returns and hospital admissions, particularly for psychological conditions such as anxiety, panic disorder, or major depression. The effect is nearly instantaneous (within the same day), suggesting that anticipation over future consumption directly influences instantaneous utility, e.g., Caplin and Leahy (2001). Moreover, the effect of such anticipation is path dependent, being strongest during low volatility regimes, and immediately following low returns.


In the study,we constructed recombinant CHO cells over-expressing human malate dehydrogenaseⅡ(hMDHⅡ),and investigated its impact on apoptosis under hydrogen peroxide treatment.The results showed that hMDHⅡover-expression improves the cell survival rate in fed-batch culture under 0.1mmol·L-1hydrogen peroxide treatment.Analysis on mitochondrial membrane potential and reactive oxygen species(ROS)showed that,after hMDHⅡ over-expression mitochondrial membrane potential increases significantly,which means reduction in apoptosis,and ROS decreases.This suggests that inhibition of apoptosis by over-expression of hMDHⅡ may due to decrease in ROS.This study will further the understanding on ROS-induced apoptosis,and also provide suggestions for the construction of cell line with the property of anti-apoptosis.


The implantation and development of alternative crops to production of biofuel are dependents of soil structural quality. The physic nut has been considered as one of the promising sources of biofuel. The objective of this study was to quantify the influence of use systems on some indicators of soil physical quality and to identify critical values of bulk density and air-filled porosity to crop development of an Alfisol under conventional system of physic nut. For the evaluation of physical indicators of soil quality, samples were collected with disturbed and indisturbed structure in different sampling positions (crop row and interrow). The samples were taken of the layers 0.00 - 0.05; 0.05 - 0.10 and 0.10 - 0.20 m depth. In the conditions of this study, concluded that: i) except to 0.10 to 0.20 m depth, the sampling positions influenced all soil physical parameters; ii) the crop row position presented higher macroporosity and total porosity in 0.00 to 0.10 m depth; iii) the critical air-filled porosity and bulk density values for plant growth were 0.74 and 1.49 Mg m-3 and iv) considering the bulk density and air-filled porosity only the crop row position no indicate restrictive values to plants development.


The Supreme Court must affirm the 10th Circuit's holding in EEOC v. Abercrombie that job applicants are required to give notice to an employer of a possible inflexible religious exemption from a facially-neutral corporate policy before the employer has a duty to accommodate that applicant under Title VII. Requiring applicants to bear the burden of providing notice is the most workable standard available that best comports with the aims of Title VII and the Civil Rights Act. The "suspicion of a possible conflict" approach advocated by the EEOC and debated at oral argument would conflate correct guesswork with actual knowledge, foster uncertainty, lead to muddled and marginal corporate HR policies, link the religious practices of groups with those of individual applicants, force employers to educate themselves about various forms of religious garb in contradiction with established precedent, and possibly result in unintentional yet invidious discrimination based on inquiring employers engaging in stereotypes and misperceptions of certain dress articles. The "suspicion of a possible conflict" standard is simply not tenable in practice. By contrast, the current state of the law-requiring the applicant to notify the employer of an accommodation — is clear, coheres to EEOC directives, and provides real remedies for applicants who take the initiative to understand corporate policies and determine whether they conflict with their own personal beliefs. Rather than unfairly discriminating against applicants or in any way limiting Title VII's effect, the notice requirement protects applicants from improper employer assumptions and provides a clear "trigger point" past which a bilateral dialogue on reasonable accommodations must start.


Image fusion method based on wavelet transform and block segment of the images is proposed.An immune particle swarm optimization search algorithm is developed for fusion of two spatially registered multi-focus images.In order to get the opti- mal image,the size of block is defined as particle.Two evaluation criteria such as information entropy and cross entropy are used on the analysis and effect evaluation of different fused images.The performance of this method is better than the performance of the existed fusion method.It can eliminate the blocking artifacts of the fusion image and save the time of fusion.The experiment results show that the method is an effective method.W-PSO is tested for performance comparison with IPSO,and the result show IPSO has the higher efficiency than W-PSO.


The invention discloses a multifunctional operation apparatus rack comprising a U-shaped fork and an anti-falling rod. A movable joint is arranged in the middle of the cross rod of the bottom end of the U-shaped fork; the movable joint can be folded and straightened to be locked; two ends of the joint are provided with threads; a first end of the joint is provided with a tubular screw cap; the screw cap is screwed into a second end, so the joint can be locked and the bottom end of the U-shaped fork is straightened and unable to be folded; and two ends of the anti-falling rod are buckled with two ends of an opening of the U-shaped fork. The multifunctional operation apparatus rack can be applied to ultrasonic cleaning and high temperature sterilization via serial connection with other apparatus and can also be applied to protection of the operation apparatus; damage of the operation apparatus due to bump and press during the conveying can be avoided; the operation apparatus can be quickly tided up by an operation nurse before the operation; the operation apparatus can be placed on the rack in the middle of the operation; and the multifunctional operation apparatus rack is simply structured and convenient to use and various functions can be achieved.


According to the hybrid actuation mechanism of the proposed bio-inspired mini-robot, a wireless measurement and control system based on magnetic field and radio signal was designed. This system is used to locate and control the bio-inspired mini-robot which consists of a measurement subsystem and a control subsystem. In the measurement subsystem, differential magnetic sensor module and video detection module were designed to achieve the position and direction of the mini-robot; in the control subsystem, uniform magnetic field generated by Helmholtz coils was used to adjust the direction of mini-robot, and PWM (Pulse-Width Modulation) signal control module was used to change the velocity of mini-robot. Utilizing the measurement subsystem, positions and directions of mini-robot were obtained by processing the signal detected with magnetic sensors, and compared with the video tracking results. Utilizing the dynamic model and the control strategy designed, closed-loop simulation was carried out for mini-robot to track an L-shaped trajectory. This experiment was also performed on the wireless measurement and control platform. Simulated and experimental results demonstrated the accuracy of the dynamic model and the attitude agility of the hybrid mini-robot. Results verified that the wireless measurement and control system could effectively control the bio-inspired mini-robot.


In this paper the theory of interval valued intuitionistic fuzzy sets (IVIFS) is used to propose an interval valued intuitionistic fuzzy assignment model involving the replacements. Under the fuzzy environment the individuals may provide the information conveniently with interval valued intuitionistic fuzzy numbers (IVIFN). Corporate competitiveness is heavily influenced by the professional (skilled) staff involved in the decision making. The job performance of a professional may correlate to the time taken to task. Two issues being analysed in this approach. The first one is to develop an ideal priority of the professional staff of the groups and the second one is to replace the staff where we need to avoid breakdowns. Replacement is made in the form of maximum intuitionistic fuzzy scoring by utilizing the intuitionistic fuzzy aggregation operator to aggregate the given intuitionistic fuzzy information and by the weight vector. The feasibility and applicability of the proposed method are illustrated with a numerical problem.


The interview was recorded on May 11, 2000. Hans Martin Blix (About this sound listen (help·info); born 28 June 1928) is a Swedish diplomat and politician for the Liberal People's Party. He was Swedish Minister for Foreign Affairs (1978–1979) and later became the head of the International Atomic Energy Agency. As such, Blix was the first Western representative to inspect the consequences of the Chernobyl disaster in the Soviet Union on site, and lead the agency response to them. Blix was also the head of the United Nations Monitoring, Verification and Inspection Commission from March 2000 to June 2003, when he was succeeded by Dimitris Perrikos. In 2002, the commission began searching Iraq for weapons of mass destruction, ultimately finding none. In February 2010, the Government of the United Arab Emirates announced that Blix will be the head of an advisory board for its nuclear power program.


Can balance, sitting, standing static or dynamic balance in persons with acute stroke be a predictor for hand/arm function 1 and 3 years poststroke?


The article has explored the features of the risk assessment of legalization of criminal proceeds by entities of initial financial monitoring. The author has grounded the necessity and importance of the risk assessing of legalization of criminal proceeds by entities of initial financial monitoring as they can both directly carry out financial transactions for legalization of illegal proceeds, and also facilitate their implementation. The paper has proposed the method of the risk assessing of legalization of criminal proceeds by a commercial bank. The method is based on the point scale and is characterized by the following advantages in comparison with the  existing ones: it gives enough accurate assessment, it combines the evaluation of quantitative and qualitative indicators, it is simple and convenient in use. The developed method of the risk assessing of legalization of criminal proceed  based on the point scale, can be used by a commercial bank to determine the effectiveness of the system of risk management legalization of proceeds or for the purpose of determining the comprehensive risk of legalization of criminal proceeds of a particular financial transaction, and by the National Bank of Ukraine to determine the frequency of inspections of commercial banks on the issues of financial monitoring.


Fifty-four Ss were divided into three instructional groups. One group was instructed to increase their heart rate (HR) every time a signal was presented; a second group was told to decrease their HR; and a control group was not instructed to change their HR in any direction. Results indicate that Ss can increase or decrease their HR in the absence of externalized feedback. These HR changes do not appear to be mediated by respiration or skin resistance variations. In addition, Ss were divided into groups on the basis of their APQ scores. The group with middle APQ scores displayed more HR control in both directions than Ss with high or low APQ scores. The study was replicated with 42 Ss and results support the HR increase but not the HR decrease findings.


Methods of producing effective weed control with environmental benefits are limited with current selective herbicides and/or inter-row tillage; in most countries, weed control commences pre-emergence or at the cotyledon stage of weeds (and crop). GM herbicide tolerant (GMHT) sugar beet would allow treatment at later growth stages with glyphosate and offers opportunities to manage and manipulate weeds for environmental benefit In order to enhance this advantage, we have developed a simple over-the-row band spraying technique using a conventional overall sprayer to control in-row weeds first and those between the rows, if and when necessary, with a later overall spray application In 1999 and 2000, five experiments investigated the effect of weed management strategies on yield of glyphosate tolerant GM sugar beet. Glyphosate was applied at timings between 207 and 864 day degrees above 3°C (°Cd) after sowing and followed by a second application between 698 and 1 022°Cd In other treatments, glyphosate was applied in approximately 20 em bands over the sugar beet rows at similar but fewer timings up to only 586°Cd These were followed by a second but overall application between 401 and 811 a Cd. Treatments were compared to untreated controls and programmes of current commercial herbicides commencing between 79 and 222°Cd. Yield reductions occurred if spraying was delayed after the critical period for weed competition, but the band spray technique allowed non-competitive weeds to remain between the rows until later in the season. ABREGE NOUVELLES OPTIONS DE GESTION DES ADVENTICES DANS LES BETTERAVES A SUCRE GENETIQUEMENT MODIFIES RESIST ANTES AUX HERBICIDES Les methodes permettant un contr61e efficace des mauvaises herbes et se montrant benefiques pour l'environnement sont limitees par !'utilisation actuelle d'herbicides selectifs eUou par Ia preparation du sol entre les rangees de betteraves. Dans Ia plupart des pays, le contr61e des mauvaises herbes commence soit a Ia pre-emergence, soit au stade cotyledon des mauvaises herbes (ou des cultures). Les betteraves a sucre genetiquement modifiees resistant aux herbicides (Genetically Modified Herbicide Tolerant (GMHT)) doivent permettre un traitement avec du glyphosate a des phases de pousse plus tardives et offrent Ia possibilite de gerer et manipuler les mauvaises herbes 1st joint 1/RB-ASSBT Congress, 26th Feb.-1st March 2003, San Antonio (USA) 77


The noise parameters of Npn InGaPIGaAs HBT devices are reported for an array of bias conditions from 2-18 GHz. A minimum noise figure of 0.8 dB with associated gain of 16 dB at 2 GHz was achieved at a collector bias of 0.83mA and a collector-emitter voltage of 2V. This was achieved by a device with emitter area of 3xlOp.111~. A model is also presented that is used to compare measured and theoretical results The low power consumption, high associated gain, low equivalent noise resistance, and variable optimum noise match coupled with an excellent degree of linearity (I) makes the InGaP/GaAs HBT an ideal candidate for low noise amplifters (2-6GHz) with minimal power consumption. Introduction: Portable, battery operated circuit applications require devices that provide minimum noise figure and maximum linearity with minimal power consumption. In particular, CDMA and PCM CIA communication applications call for these components to be designed for 2.4 and 5.8 GHz. By carefdly selecting the device emitter area and bias condition, the topology of the matching network and associated loss and added noise can be minimized (Z). InGaP/GaAs HBTs have lower number of recombination centers in the emitter-base junction and subsequently exhibit lower l/f noise than comparable AlG&GaAs HBTs. In fact the I/f noise performance is comparable to that of sicon based BJTs (3,4). The high frequency noise performance is improved with the InGaP/GaAs HBT compared to silicon through superior gain at microwave frequencies which is the direct result of a shorter emitter-collector transition time. We believe that the minimum noise figure presented in this work is among the lowest achieved for a bipolar technology in this fiequency band Device Fabrication and Measurement. The devices were fabricated and measured as described in (SI. Lower recombination current in the base-emitter junction fiom enhancements in material growth and lower base resistance through improvements in processing have contributed to minor improvements in overall noise performance over previously reported results All of the devices tested had a current gain of approximately fifty. Devices with 3x10p2, 3x5p2, 3x20m2, 2x3x10pz, 3x40p2, and 8x3x5p2 emitter areas were used for this study. Results are reported for the 3x10~~ device which achieved the best noise performance of the devices tested. Modelinn: The simplest form of the equivalent circuit for the HBT is shown in Figure 1. The shot noise current is simply determined from an examination of each junction within the transistor (6) The relation of the noise currents to the bias currents is given below: I = 2qIc4f


Taking Kernel Agricultural Science Technology Corporation Limited for example,through the analysis to the internal environment and external environment of this company,it is summed up the key successful factors of the internal and external environment.And also by the method of SWOT analysis,the development strategy is determined,and finally the evaluation on the company is given.


Most if not all twin engine Transport Category helicopters are designed to FAR Part 29 Category "A" standards, but few are actually certificated for Transport Category "A" Operations. Although recent FAR Airworthiness and Operations legislation sets minimum one engine inoperative (OEI) enroute performance standards, helicopter operators are still not required to follow FAA Certified Category "A" takeoff and landing procedures, and it is doubtful many operators utilize helicopter manufacturers' published procedures which habe historically been inflexible with respect to optimization of payload and field lengths. This paper discusses the development and qualification of a Transport Category "A" takeoff and landing procedure for the S-76B helicopter which provides the flexibility necessary to encourage helicopter operators to use the Rotorcraft Flight Manual zero exposure time takeoff and landing procedures thus improving overall safety. The takeoff procedure features variable critical decision point (CDP) and takeoff safety speed (V2). Rejected and continued takeoff distances are directly proportional to CDP and V2 speeds respectively, therefore lower CDP and V2 speeds equate to shorter field lengths. Maximum takeoff and landing gross weight is also directly proportional to CDP/V2 speeds, therefore higher CDP/V2 speeds can equate to higher maximum takeoff gross weights. This coupled with published headwind influence permits payload to be traded off against available field length in such a manner that Category "A" OEI climb performance minima are maintained over a wide range of environmental conditions. The landing procedure features two different approach profiles. The primary landing approach path is intended for VFR approaches to airfields with minimum available space, with an alternate approach path providing a more shallow profile to address transition from instrument approach or where landing space is not critically short. A reduced gross weight and power single engine pilot training procedure was developed whereby the basic aircraft response and handling characteristics are preserved to provide a realistic training scenario by duplicating the all-up Category "A" WAT limited power/weight ratio, but with the added safety advantage inherent when operating at a reduced gross weight. Timely development/qualification of this procedure was facilitated by newly developed real-time telemetry capabilities also discussed, Copyright @ American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc., 198f. All rights resewed. which include a microwave ranging aircraft position and tracking system (APATS) and CRT displays which permitted instantaneous flight maneuver validation and pilot technique modification decisioning. Also discussed are the potential for further technique enhancements for added operational flexibility, and the adaptation of the FAA certified procedure to CAA Group "A" operations including the effect on paylbad segment APATS BCAR BL CAA CDP CG CRT CTO EAPS FADEC FAA FM FPM Gross IFR IGE ILS LDP MCP Net N1 OEI PCM Q RFM RTO T5 V ~ P P Vblss VFR VY Vl v2 Av WAT ofthe more stringkt 1st and 2nd CAA OEI climb performance minima.


In recent years, TK1 gene targeting agents have been gradually applied in clinical practice and achieved good therapeutic effect. In particular, TK1 has gradually attracted the attention of scholars in evaluating the long-term chemotherapy efficacy of lung cancer and guiding the follow-up treatment of patients. Thymidine kinase (TK1) can promote the transformation of phosphodeoxynucleoside and plays an important role in the process of DNA synthesis and repair. TK1 activity increases first and then decreases in the late G1-S-M phase of cell cycle. There is a positive correlation between TK1 activity and DNA synthesis, and it is also a fine measurement. Effective biological indicators of cell proliferation activity. This paper analyzed the role of artificial intelligence imaging system combined with thymidine kinase in screening early lung cancer. TK1 is a tumor marker closely related to the division and proliferation of cancer cells, which can reflect the proliferation of cancer cells. Serum TK1 is highly expressed in NSCLC patients. Serum TK1 combined with lung cancer three tests can improve the diagnosis and treatment level of NSCLC, and provide a new reference index for the evaluation of curative effect of NSCLC.


### Identification and Characterization of a Functional Mitochondrial Angiotensin System Abadir et al PNAS . 2011. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1101507108.

A recent study shows that angiotensin II receptor type 2 is expressed and localized with angiotensin II to mitochondrial inner membrane in various cell types and regulates NO generation and mitochondrial functions. The findings might have important implications in various inflammatory conditions and cell senescence.

The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is a dominant regulator of the cardiovascular and renal function. Ang II is the key effector molecule of this system. Most studies have focused on the effect of extracellular Ang II on its receptors on the plasma membrane. However, Ang II and renin are also co-localized intracellularly in many types of cells including juxtaglomerular cells,3 cultured neuroblastoma,4,5 and various endocrine cells. Intracellular Ang II is generated within the cells and secreted for local paracrine function. It is also transported from the extracellular space via an intracrine mechanism. Induction of Ang II expression in stretched cardiac myocyte and consequent myocyte hypertrophy may represent an intracrine mechanism.6 Likewise, microinjection of Ang II in vascular smooth muscle cells results in an increase in [Ca2+] i via intracellular AT1.7 Neonatal cardiac myocytes transfected with an adenoviral Ang II expression vector shows elevated rate of cellular hypertrophy independent of cell surface AT1.8 Adult mice injected with an Ang II expression plasmid vector develop significant cardiac hypertrophy without an increase in blood pressure or plasma Ang II levels.7 These effects were not suppressed by losartan administration indicating an intracellular mechanism of the intracrine Ang II.9 These observations suggest possible functions of intracellular Ang II via intracellular AT1 if Ang II gains access to the intracellular …


To contribute to further understanding of damage mechanisms in silicon induced by picosecond Nd:YAG 1.06-μm laser pulses, the damage at laser intensities below the one-shot damage threshold has been studied. By using a biased charge-collection wire or electron-multiplier tube, one can detect the charge emitted during small pit formation, which may be considered as the initial damage morphology. The investigation of the incubation period has been conducted by observing the first charge emission, which indicates its termination. This incubation time is analogous to the lifetime of the solids subject to a repeated mechanical load and is characterized by processes that are irreversible for at least 3 sec. This suggests that the damage precursors are long-lived excitations or an accumulation of permanent states. The heterogeneous nature of the nucleation of damage suggests that these precursor states act as nucleation seeds to the laser-induced damage. Charge emission after the incubation period was also studied. Positive and negative particles are emitted equally after damage initiation, probably because of thermal evaporation of silicon from small regions. The charge emission follows the Arrhenius relation. Experimentally, this result was independent of pulse-repetition period up to at least 10 sec. Damage morphology was compared to charge emission and suggests that charges are emitted mainly from pits, grooves, and holes within the damaged area.


The triboelectric charging characteristics of a powder/bead mixture have been experimentally investigated by incrementally dislodging powder contained within a Faraday cage. It is shown that incremental charge‐to‐mass can be exponentially dependent solely on the areal coverage of the bead surface. The interpretation parallels earlier work on the charging characteristics of belts passing over rollers, spheres rolling on planes, and sand sliding down chutes.


festooning the compita with owers. Given the quantity of material F. amasses and the methodological attention she devotes to each item, the book reads, at times, like an encyclopedic work. In Part IV, however, seemingly extraneous details or considerations converge in a series of interlocking arguments about the centrality of lares to Augustus' ambitious religious programme. Only then does one appreciate how deftly F. has controlled her unwieldy evidence, and how each stone overturned and scrutinised has been set with purpose in a path leading to this time and place. Her theses hinge on a novel interpretation of Augustus' unprecedented reform of compital cult in 7 B.C. as part and parcel of his reorganisation of the city. The addition of lares augusti to each compitum has been viewed as an assertion of paternal authority over Rome through the synecdoche of the Princeps' domestic lares. This scenario depends heavily on the spectre of the genius Augusti, whose cult is also posited at the compita. And yet, F. stresses, inscriptions commissioned by vicomagistri never honour the lares augusti as Augustus' own; nor is there any evidence for an ofcially sanctioned cult of his protective spirit. Rather, the lares compitales joined a handful of other 'august gods' — most notably, Pax Augusta — in acquiring his epithet. If the Ara Pacis does indeed feature the lares praestites receiving sacrice from an archaic gure (identied by F. as Titus Tatius, the Sabine king who introduced this cult to Rome), then the Senate's dedication of the altar in 9 B.C. primed the memory of their role as Rome's age-old protectors on the eve of a widescale institutionalisation of this ethos. She sketches a pattern inaugurated by the bestowal of Octavian's honoric in 27 B.C., reinforced by the celebration of the ludi saeculares in 17 B.C., and culminating in the compital reform the following decade; each nale was anticipated by a crescendo of synchronised initiatives marking distinct eras of religious innovation. Ultimately, then, what emerges from F.'s study is a deeper appreciation of the calculated religious signicance of the Augustan brand. For vicomagistri, the gift of lares augusti commenced a new age. As they hastened to furnish expensive altars and other dedications to these new gods — or old gods in a new guise — accompanying inscriptions were dated relative to the year of the reform. Their enthusiastic embrace of the cult proved contagious: once introduced, the concept of 'august gods' was propagated through the Roman neighbourhoods without restriction or oversight, at and beyond the compita. And herein lies one of the book's most valuable yields, namely the tendency of neighbourhoods not only to invite and incubate religious innovation, but also to transform such phenomena in accordance with existing religious infrastructure and local variables. F. offers a rich context for this alchemy, and at a time when research on nascent movements of the imperial period looks increasingly to neighbourhood settings. Another important contribution is F.'s ability to depict without romanticism the practicalities of 'living in a world full of gods', a welcome renement of the increasingly common language of 'enchanted' landscapes as a shorthand to signal profound contrast, if not incommensurability, with 'our' modern world. Her reconstruction of Roman religion as something basic, integral and omnipresent in ordinary life reins in the tendency to other its constitutive elements to the point of exoticism or impenetrability.


The purpose of this study was to explore differences in social information processing according to children's sex and types of aggression in response to instrumental and relational provocation factors. Two hundred and fifty-one 4, 5, and 6 graders were selected from an elementary school in Seoul. To evaluate their social information processing, the Intent Attributions and Feelings of Distress(Crick, 1995; Fitzgerald & Asher, 1987) and Response Decision Instrument(Crick & Werner, 1998) were revised and analyzed. A peer-nomination measure(Crick, 1995; Crick & Grotpeter, 1995) was used to select aggressive groups. Data were subjected to descriptive statistical analysis and multivariate [2(sex: M, F)3(type of aggression: overt, relational, overt and relational aggression)] analysis of variance. Findings revealed that children's social information processing patterns were different according to sex and type of aggression. Also aggressive children responded differently in their social information processing according to instrumental and relational provocation factors. Implications of these findings for the role of gender, aggression type, and provocation type are discussed in order to better understanding of children's social information processing.


In order to realize safer driving, it is necessary to operate the driving assistance device a few seconds before the car falls into a dangerous situation, and it is necessary to improve the acceptability of the driver. Therefore, a driving support system that improves acceptability and safety is needed. In this study, we introduce multiple HMIs into the steering intervention support system introducing the impedance control of the steering torque command, we aim to evaluate safety and acceptability in this system. We use the damping ratio as an evaluation index to derive control parameters that compatible with safety and driver acceptability at the time of steering intervention assistance. We conducted experiments using driving simulation and achieve the above object in the introduction situation of HMI.


To the Editor: In the article entitled "Potential prognostic value of handgrip strength in older hospitalized patients" published in the first issue of The Journal of Frailty & Aging (1), Savino and colleagues presented the handgrip strength as a predictor of hospitalization length of stay in older patients admitted to an acute care unit. Authors reported an inverse association between muscle strength at the admission and subsequent duration of the hospital stay, even after adjustment for potential confounders.


The converse-U theory proposed by Williamson about the region-difference trend is acceptable, but faultiness exists in its methodology, which has caused much debate. The present paper proposes a new Double-S Curve Model to develop the Theory. This new model could clearly reveal the main reasons, the mechanism and the trend of the gap between two regions, which could make the converse-U theory more effective for guiding harmonious development among different regions.


A new method for applying open boundary conditions in particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations is utilized to study magnetic reconnection. Particle distributions are assumed to have zero normal derivatives at the boundaries. Advantages and possible limitations of this method for PIC simulations are discussed. Results from a reconnection simulation study are presented. For the purpose of this investigation, a 2 12-dimensional electromagnetic PIC simulation using open conditions at the outflow boundaries and simple reflecting boundaries to the inflow regions is discussed. The electron diffusion region is defined as that region where the out-of-plane electron inertial electric field is positive indicating acceleration and flux transfer; the evolution of this region is analyzed. It is found that this region varies in the range 2.5–4 local electron inertial lengths in total width and in the range 10–15 local electron inertial lengths in total length for the mass ratio 25. The reconnection rate is investigated in ter...


Abstract : The compound alpha-oxy-alpha-phenylpropynylferrocene (alpha-ferrocenyl-p-ethynyl benzyl alcohol) was synthesized with a yield of 70 percent by the reaction of benzoylferrocene with acetylene in the presence of sodium amide in liquid ammonia. Two new ferrocene derivatives were synthesized from 1,1'-dibenzoylferrocene and acetylene in the presence of sodium amide: 1-benzoyl-1' - (alpha-oxy-alpha-phenylpropynyl) ferrocene (54 percent) and 1,1' -di(alpha-oxy-alpha-phenylpropynyl) ferrocene (55 percent). The physicochemical constants were determined for all of the initially obtained compounds and their IR spectra were taken. (Author)


In recent years, apparently "common sense" views of the body as a contained, natural,1 physical object have come under scrutiny from a range of perspectives, both in the mass media and in academia, and issues concerning the body have attracted intense debate. New medical technologies relating to both the beginning and the end of life have created uncertainties regarding what is "natural," as explored with reference to new reproductive technologies by Strathern (1992) and Franklin (1997) (also discussed in the context of Japan by Lock 2005), and with reference to new genetic technologies by Franklin and Roberts (2006). Controversies over brain death and organ transplantation in Japan and North America are discussed by Lock (1997, 2002), while the legal and social problems involved in negotiating the category of "natural death" in the context of deaths in hospital in Japan and England are discussed by Matsunaga (forthcoming). The commoditization of the body, including both the sale of organs for transplantation from live donors, and aspects of the sex trade, is discussed in a global context in ScheperHughes and Wacquant (2002). A recent publication which brings together a consideration of many of the above issues in an anthropological study of biomedicine, is Lock and Nguyen (2010). The aging body in Japan is the topic of a recent article by Long (2012), which discusses caregiving and the role of technology in particular assistive devices (such as walkers) and life-technologies (such as dialysis). The question of elder care has been the focus of much media attention in Japan, with the anime Rōjin Z (Kitakubo 1991) providing a satirical take on technological intervention in the care of the elderly, in a plot that also involves computer hacking and spirit pos-


The human resource function has undergone dramatic change, owing, it would seem, to greater use of rapidly evolving information technology. This study presents the results of an empirical investigation into the associations between the use of information technology and the roles and effectiveness of the human resource function. The results support relationships between information technology use and greater involvement in the strategic HR roles of business partner and change agent. Positive associations between information technology use and technical and strategic effectiveness also revealed the transformational potential of information technology–supported human resource management applications. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


We give the necessary and sufficient (local) conditions for a metric tensor to be the Kerr solution. These conditions exclusively involve explicit concomitants of the Riemann tensor.


The rapid pace of future net centric warfare requires that communication plans for mission specific demands be reduced from weeks/days to hours/minutes. The demands of the mobile networks change constantly as warfighters move their network infrastructure in response to battlefield dynamics, terrain, and logistics. There is a critical need for new technology to help automate the planning process for wireless on-the-move (OTM) networks. The Army's Communications Planner for Operational and Simulation Effects with Realism (COMPOSER) project is developing an open Framework with pluggable tools for assessing and planning OTM network operations that will give warfighters the ability to predict network performance required for mission success. Once on a mission, COMPOSER allows the warfighter to check plans against actual environmental and communications conditions and replan as necessary. At the heart of the COMPOSER architecture is the Communications Effects Simulator (CES), which can model dynamic OTM network, networks at multiple abstraction levels for user selectable efficiency and accuracy. This paper will describe the technical details of the COMPOSER architecture. Additional details of the COMPOSER CES, including examples of simulation abstraction techniques, will he presented. The paper also discusses the current project status and the current transition plan into ARMY operations.


Abstract This study examined the effects of product recommendation services as an atmosphere for online masscustomization shopping sites on consumers' cognitive and affective responses. We conducted a between-subject experimental study using a convenience sample of college students. A total of 196 participants pro-vided usable responses for structural equation modeling analysis. The findings of the study support the S-O-R model for a product recommendation system as an element of the shopping environment with an influ-ence on OMC product evaluations and arousal. The results showed that OMC product recommendation ser-vice positively affected cognitive and affective responses. The findings of the study suggest that OMC re-tailers might pay attention to the affective and cognitive responses of consumers through product recommen-dation services that can enhance product evaluations and OMC usage intentions.Key words: Online mass customization, Product recommendation service, Product evaluation, S-O-R,Cognitive-affective response; 온라인 대량고객화, 상품추천 서비스, 상품평가, S-O-R 패러다임, 인지적-감정적 반응


Well width dependence and temperature dependence of negative differential resistance characteristics of InGaAs/InAlAs resonant tunneling barrier diodes were investigated. Peak current density was almost independent of temperature, while the valley current density increased with increasing temperature above 100 K. At room temperature, a peak‐to‐valley current ratio of 5.5 with a peak current density of 4.8×104 A/cm2 was obtained by reducing the quantum well width to a narrow 32.2 A. This is the largest peak‐to‐valley current ratio ever reported for resonant tunneling barrier diodes at room temperature.


Optical seismic acquisition with distributed vibration sensing has been recently proposed to improve seismic acquisition efficiency (Hartog et al. 2013). An experimental multi-offset VSP data set has been acquired with both conventional and optical technologies in a 620-m-deep cased vertical well (Frignet and Hartog 2014). The 1D isotropic ray trace modelling times cannot be matched with picked transit times. It is necessary to introduce some VTI anisotropy to reconcile modelled and measured times at all offsets. Both conventional and optical VSP times were satisfactorily modelled with a 1D anisotropic model. Conventional multi-offset VSPs are not often acquired. In addition to the successful Thomsen anisotropic parameters inversion, an optical VSP acquisition is an order of magnitude faster than conventional acquisition. Therefore, multi-offset optical VSP could be routinely acquired in less time than conventional zero-offset VSP. Multi-offset VSP is a cost-effective technology for investigating velocity anisotropy in horizontally layered environments


The aim of this study was to evaluate effects of organic sources of manganese (Mn) and iron (Fe) and inulin in diets for laying hens on absorption of these minerals and their deposition in egg and tissue. The study was conducted on 90 Lohmann Brown laying hens in the period from 46–52 weeks of age, assigned to 3 groups with 30 hens/group and 3 hens/cage. The hens from the control group (C) received a diet based on corn, rice bran and soybean meal with 16% of crude protein, as well as 60 mg Fe/kg and 71.9 mg Mn/kg of diet in form of inorganic salts. The formulation of the experimental diets (E1 and E2) differed from C group diet by the replacement of inorganic Fe and Mn salts by organometallic chelates of these elements, at a level of 25% lower than in the premix for group C. As source of inulin, group E1 diet also included 0.5% of dry Jerusalem artichoke, while group E2 diet included 0.5% of a product based on chicory root extract. At the end of the experiment, 6 hens from each group were slaughtered and blood serum and liver samples were collected and assayed for concentration of Fe and Mn. In the final week of the experiment, 18 eggs/group were collected for determination of Fe and Mn concentration in egg yolk. Concentration of measured blood serum parameters (haemoglobin, haematocrit, Fe and Mn) in experimental (E) groups were lower than in group C, but no significant differences (P>0.05) were registered. Absorption coefficients of Mn had higher values in E groups than in group C, with significant increase (P<0.05) registered in group E2. Absorption coefficients of Fe had significantly lower (P<0.05) values for both E groups compared to C group. A significant (P<0.05) increase of Mn concentration in liver was noticed in group E2. No significant differences (P>0.05) between groups were observed for Mn and Fe concentration in egg yolk.


ABSTRACT This paper explores the perceptions and experiences of women academics in the UK, participating in a small-scale qualitative study exploring career progression and encountered institutional obstacles. The accounts are considered in terms of both disadvantageous institutional strategies and interpersonal ones governing day-to-day working relationships. The findings contribute to a growing body of international research on gender constructions in the academy, where both inhibiting and exclusionary barriers are examined in focus group discussions (FGDs) in terms of gendered constructions that are perceived to impact upon the career opportunities of women academics. Analysis of data encouraged the employment of a ludic construction in this critical exploration of games playing and 'gamesmanship' (a masculinised term); these being themes raised in the FGDs as representing blocks and challenges to women's academic careers.


Ostrich (Struthio camelus) is a flightless and biggest bird, classified as Aves and originated from Africa . Although has been domesticated and fanned for more than 100 years, it is generally agreed that information on ostrich fanning technology is limited not only in Indonesia but also in overseas . Superiorities of ostrich over other birds are: (1) mature ostrich weight between 150-200 kg and 2-3 m tall, (2) live weight of 100 kg can be achieved before 12 months old, (3) digesting high crude fibre diet, (4) digesting feed efficiently, (5) may live up to 70 years old and (6) low fat, cholesterol and energy content of meat. The main source of income in a commercial ostrich farm in South Africa were from leather, meat and feather sales. Research on ostrich in Indonesia has to be well planned to obtain appropriate fanning and after harvest technologies suitable for the Indonesian environment as ostrich fanning had been just introduced in 1996. Key words: Ostrich, biological superiority, main products, income


The use of high power multi-level converters as an interface for renewable energy sources allows modern power grids to achieve a higher flexibility and reliability. Cascaded H-Bridge Converters (CHB) are particularly suitable in these applications but more advanced control techniques are required. In particular Dead-Beat current control methods are a promising solution for high-power CHB. However in high-power applications, a reduced switching frequency is required to ensure high efficiency operation and the performance of the control, in term of quality of the AC side current, may be reduced. As a result a more accurate approximation of the derivative, used in the discretised control law, may be required to ensure accurate operation. In this paper three different methods for the discretisation of the converter model are analysed and compared. The most suitable one is then chosen to implement an improved Dead-Beat current control for AC current regulation of a 7-level, CHB active rectifier.


This paper presents RMTP+, a multicast transport protocol for reliably transmitting continuous data streams from a sender to an unknown number of receivers. The protocol uses a hierarchical grouping of receivers and special designated receivers to keep the sender from becoming overloaded by acknowledgments of data received. Placing the burden of detecting missing data on the receiver rather than the sender enables the protocol to multicast to very large groups of receivers without diminishing performance or reliability. Continuous data streams are transmitted by partitioning each stream into blocks of data and reliably multicasting each block. In this paper, we describe the RMTP+ protocol, analyze its theoretical performance, and detail its implementation for Internet protocol (IP) networks. We also report on experiments measuring RMTP+ performance on production machines in a real network and discuss factors that cause deviations between theoretical and actual performance. An application that uses RMTP+ to distribute call detail information in a large network is also described.


Stephen Hawking was an icon of twentieth-century science, renowned for his contributions to physics and his battle against motor neuron disease. But four years after his death, Charles Seife painted a different picture in Hawking Hawking, a biography portraying Hawking as a second-rate physicist who manipulated media for his own fame. Hawking's student Bernard Carr shares his counter-perspective.


Four meat emulsions were prepared with two levels of collagen and alkaline phosphate. Samples were taken at five different chopping temperatures and evaluated for total chopping time, emulsion stability and protein solubility. Adding additional collagen to meat emulsions shortened total chopping time, and decreased emulsion stability but had no effect on protein solubility. The addition of 0.25% sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP) improved emulsion stability but resulted in no significant (p>0.05) change in chopping time or protein solubility. The high-collagen-phosphate (HCP) treatment resulted in less fat, gelliquid, solid and total cookout when compared with high-collagen no-phosphate (HC) and low-collagen no- phosphate (LC) treatments. Maximum emulsion stability was obtained at 13°C.


The invention relates to a rhodiola root powder and injection preparation and its preparing method, wherein the active component of the medicament is salidroside, the preferred supporting agent is one of mannitol, dextran, glucose, sorbitol, lactose, gelatin, disodium hydrogen phosphate - sodium dihydrogen phosphate, calcium lactobionate, dextran- glucose.The ratio of the rhodiola root extract and the supporting agent is 1 : 0.2-1.2.


Zwitterionic intermediates generated from isocyanides and diesters (II) react with isoxazolone (I) to produce the title compounds (IV) in good yields.


However, these differences may simplyresult in the use of distinct definitions for asthma orin the application of various instruments to measureit (e.g. questionnaires). In addition, there is nouniversally accepted definition that encompasses thevarious asthma phenotypes in children and adults.Defining asthma has always been a subject fordiscussion. More recently, several establishedguidelines have defined asthma in a careful, elaborateway, although the result is still unsatisfactory.


Results of this study indicate that short- and long-term effects of international trade on inflation, GDP, and inflation-adjusted GDP growth vary over periods with fixed or freely floating exchange rates or a big accumulated trade deficit. Causalities between trade and other macroeconomic variables are also different in different periods. This study does not find supportive evidence that "phantom GDP gains" may significantly change impacts of imports on productivity, CPI, and inflation-adjusted GDP and causalities between imports and other macroeconomic variables, although a structural break is found in the relationship between imports and GDP at the beginning of 2003.


BACKGROUND
Primary care interventions that promote cessation of benzodiazepine (BZD) use in long-term users are effective at 1 year, but their efficacy at 3 years is uncertain.

AIM
To assess the 3-year efficacy of two primary care interventions delivered by GPs on cessation of BZD use in long-term users.

DESIGN AND SETTING
Multicentre, three-arm, cluster randomised, controlled trial, with random allocation at the GP level.

METHOD
Seventy-five GPs and 532 patients were randomly allocated to three groups: usual care (control), structured intervention with stepped-dose reduction and follow-up visits (SIF), or structured intervention with written stepped-dose reduction (SIW). The primary outcome was BZD use at 36 months.

RESULTS
At 36 months, 66/168 patients (39.2%) in the SIW group, 79/191 patients (41.3%) in the SIF group, and 45/173 patients (26.0%) in the control group had discontinued BZD use. The relative risks (RR) adjusted by cluster were 1.51 (95% CI = 1.10 to 2.05; P = 0.009) in the SIW group and 1.59 (95% CI = 1.15 to 2.19; P = 0.005) in the SIF group. A total of 131/188 patients (69.7%) who successfully discontinued BZD use at 12 months remained abstinent at 36 months. The groups showed no significant differences in anxiety, depression, or sleep dissatisfaction at 36 months.

CONCLUSION
The interventions were effective on cessation of BZD use; most patients who discontinued at 12 months remained abstinent at 3 years. Discontinuation of BZD use did not have a significant effect on anxiety, depression, or sleep quality.


The selective functionalization on the primary face of -cyclodextrin with amino groups is described. The inclusion complexation of griseofuvin (GSV) molecules by -cyclodextrin and its synthesized amino derivatives has been elucidated. The stability constants of the complexes of 1:1 stoichiometry (K11) have been evaluated from H chemical shift changes of griseofuvin protons. Monoand per-amino substuted β‐cyclodextrin showed an increase of inclusion binding ability for griseofulvin guest. The fully amino substituted -cyclodextrin at the primary face shows the strongest complexation ability towards griseofulvin molecules. A simple thermodynamic theory of the electrostatic contribution to the complexation is presented.


Summary and Conclusions Twenty-two albino rats were given small amounts of elementary phosphorus supplementary to an adequate diet. Roentgenograms taken before and during the experimental period demonstrated the development of an area of increased density in the subepiphyseal region. Histologic studies revealed a failure of resorption of the usual number of primary epiphyseal trabeculae. Since bone was deposited upon these persistent spicules in an otherwise normal fashion an apparent sclerosis was produced. Although the degree of ossification was distinctly greater than normal there was no evidence of direct stimulation of osteoblastic activity. The lesion was dependent entirely upon the unusual preservation of mineralized cartilage. It was thought that the persistence of these primary trabeculae was related to the influence of elementary phosphorus deposited in this region.


Abstract The paper presents new demonstrably convergent first-order iterative algorithms for unconstrained discrete-time optimal control problems. The algorithms, which solve the linear-quadratic problem in one iterative step, are particularly suited for solving nonlinear problems with linear constraints via penalty function methods. The proofs of the reduction of cost at each iteration and convergence of the algorithms are provided.


Given the prime position of oil in Caspian economy, change in oil prices has become a crucial issue with significant implications on the development of the economies in the region. The oil and gas producing states in the Caspian region have experienced meaningful economic growth under high energy prices in the last decade. Now with the recent sudden and precipitous drop in global crude oil prices, it is imperative to examine the degree of vulnerability of the Caspian states economy to oil shocks, together with the associated economic and environmental challenges. This paper attempts to achieve this aim.


7532Background: Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) predict overall survival (OS) in solid cancer populations, but little evidence exists around the prognostic value of PROs in patients with hematolog...


Representation and reasoning about information system (IS) requirements is facilitated with the use of goal models to describe the desired and undesired IS behaviors. One difficulty in building and using goal models is in knowing why a model instance is as it is at some point of the requirements engineering (RE) process. If justifications for modeling choices are missing, an instance of a goal model can neither be considered appropriate nor inappropriate in a given RE project. This paper suggests a goal argumentation method (GAM) for recording the decision-making process which results in modeling choices. GAM combines a design rationale approach that guides common-sense reasoning about the goal model with an argumentation model which records and allows analysis of the justification processes leading to modeling decisions


Worldwide aquaculture is among the fastest growing food sectors, accounting for nearly 50% of the total finfish and invertebrate production and 96% of the total seaweed production (Chopin 2014). Few jurisdictions can match Canada's natural advantages—enormous coastal geography; abundance of cold and clean water; favorable climate; rich marine and fishery tradition; established trade relationships with the United States, Asia, and Europe; and a commitment to sustainable and responsible best practices. However, during the past decade, production has more or less stagnated (12% increase in volume and 4% in value since 2008; AquaStats 2012) and Canada has remained a middleweight contributor, ranking only 21st among aquaculture producing countries (Canadian Aquaculture Industry Alliance [CAIA] 2014). This overview of the marine aquaculture industry in Canada is based on statistics for the years 2012 and 2013, the most recent years for which complete statistics are available. There is also a developing freshwater aquaculture sector, but it will not be part of this article. In 2012, Canada produced 173,252 tonnes of farmed seafood valued at CAD$826 million. In 2013, 16% of Canada's total fish production was in aquaculture products and accounted for 35% of its total value. Canada exported more than 65% of its aquaculture production to over 22 countries around the world (more than 90,000 tonnes valued at more than CAD$601 million; CAIA 2014; Fisheries and Oceans Canada [DFO] 2014). Canada's primary farmed seafood export markets include the United States (more than 88,000 tonnes valued at more than CAD$576 million), Japan (CAD$11.3 million), Taiwan (CAD$3.6 million), Singapore (CAD$1.5 million), China (CAD$1.2 million), and Hong Kong (CAD$0.5 million; DFO 2014). Canada is the main seafood supplier to the United States. Other suppliers include China, Thailand, Indonesia, Chile, and Vietnam (Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada 2010). Approximately 50% of these imports come from aquaculture (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 2013, 2014). Marine aquaculture operations in Canada are established in British Columbia, New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, and Québec. The industry can be divided into three sectors: the dominant finfish sector, a strong shellfish sector, and the often ignored, but emerging, seaweed sector, mostly associated with the development of integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA; a combination of finfish, invertebrates, and seaweeds for environmental sustainability, economic diversification, and societal acceptability of aquaculture practices; Chopin et al. 2012).


The WF‐l rat cell line was investigated for the presence of virus‐associated cell membrane antigens similar to those found in the membranes of cells infected with murine leukemia viruses. These cells transform spontaneously in tissue culture from embryos derived from the Wistar‐Furth ( W/Fu) strain of rats and produce large amounts of rat C‐type virus particles. When sera from W/Fu rats bearing WF‐l tumors were tested for antibodies directed against the WF‐l cells by indirect membrane fluorescence, it was found that 20–35% of the cells reacted strongly. The sera did not react with normal W/Fu embryonic fibroblasts nor did absorption of a pooled positive serum with these cells remove antibodies reactive with the WF‐l cell line. Interestingly, however, these sera also reacted with two other virus‐positive cell lines (R‐35 and RMTL‐8) derived from mammary tumors originating in Sprague‐Dawley rats but not with virus‐negative cell lines. Absorption experiments verified that the R‐35 and RMTL‐8 cells contained cross‐reacting antigens with the WF‐l cells. These results suggested that (a) virus‐associated antigens were expressed in the membranes of cells infected with rat C‐type particles and (b) C‐type virus particles found in cell lines originating from different Sprague‐Dawley rats as well as from the Wistar‐Furth strain were antigenically closely related if not identical.


A relatively simple method is proposed whereby the reactivity of carbon-containing functional groups is analyzed systematically with emphasis on carbon-carbon bond-forming reactions.


Purpose - Size is one of the most controversial influencing factors in the diffusion literature. This paper seeks to shed light on this controversy by examining the relationship between business size and the diffusion of both technological innovation and activity-based costing (ABC) as an administrative innovation. The findings are expected to provide some guidelines for managers in helping them to determine how to facilitate the diffusion of innovations in their organisations. Design/methodology/approach - The research adopts a longitudinal survey method to examine practices within the Plastics and Chemicals Industries Association, which is the pre-eminent national body representing Australia's fourth largest manufacturing sector. Findings - The study suggests a significant positive relationship between business size and both technological innovation and the implementation of ABC. Originality/value - Knowledge of the impact of size on diffusion of innovation has been complicated by the mixed results of extant studies; the paper significantly contributes to this debate.


PURPOSE: A bed for a baby is provided to observe a location and a posture of a baby by analyzing image captured by a photographing unit, and outputs warning signals through a terminal in case of abnormal situation. CONSTITUTION: A bed for a baby comprises a supporter, a photographing unit(20), a micro phone(30), a control unit(40), and a terminal(50). The supporter is fixed to a fence. The photographing unit takes a photograph of a baby lying on a bed. The micro phone collects sounds of the baby. The control unit is connected to the photographing unit and the micro phone. The terminal receives output signals from the control unit by being connected to the control unit. The control unit comprises an image analyzing unit(60). The image analyzing unit observes a posture and a location of the baby by analyzing images of the baby. In case of abnormal situation for a baby, a warning signal is output through a terminal.


The aim of this paper is to examine how neoliberalism and internationalization/globalization have emerged in higher education policy in Japan, and to examine whether this situation is real or imaginary, by analyzing the transformation of higher education policy from the 1980s to the present. Both types of reform began to formulate and be implemented since the 1980s, and then changed their aims in the mid-2000s to prioritize inviting foreign students to Japan in order for capacity building. However, subsequently this policy has differentiated into two pathways. One is to invite foreign students in order to foster the future talented labor force in Japan, and the second is to send Japanese students overseas to cultivate them as global human resources. Similarly, neoliberal policies which started in the 1980s came into full swing in the early 2000s. In both domains, under the name of deregulation, educational reform has accelerated since the 1990s.


In positive systems inputs, state variables and outputs take only non-negative values. Examples of positive systems are industrial processes involving chemical reactors, heat exchangers and distillation columns, storage systems, compartmental systems, water and atmospheric pollution models. A variety of models having positive linear systems behaviour can be found in engineering, management science, economics, social sciences, biology and medicine, etc.


Advances in biotechnology will result in paradigm shifts in both oncology and diagnostics. In pathology, methods such as microfluidics are being explored as delivery tools so that processed cells can serve dual purposes: conventional cytology‐based diagnostics and recovery of the same cells for molecular assays. This wet mount‐based approach to diagnosis will require staining of these cells by supravital dyes. This study was undertaken to determine the optimal supravital stain for the examination of cells in the wet mount preparations present in microfluidic platforms.


Because of its long-term perspective on human–environment relationships, archaeology is well positioned to study how people respond to past climate change and natural disasters. In interpreting these relationships, archaeological perspectives have shifted from viewing people as passively reacting to environmental change, to instead focusing on human action, decision making, and resilience theory (1). Adopted from ecology, resilience theory emphasizes how people foresee, adapt, and recover from disasters without significant cultural disruptions (2). As a theoretical tool, the concept of resilience enables archaeologists to consider the social and economic mechanisms that allow people to withstand periods of climate flux. One way of studying resilience to climate shifts is through the study of farming systems (3). In a paper titled "El Nino resilience farming on the north coast of Peru" in PNAS, Caramanica et al. (4) present evidence that the ancient inhabitants of the Chicama Valley developed sophisticated, flexible systems of agriculture to manage "catastrophic" El Nino (El Nino–Southern Oscillation [ENSO]) flooding over the last 2,000 y. These findings prompt reconsideration of the malleability of ancient Peruvian agricultural systems and how archaeologists think about disaster.

At first glance, coastal Peru appears to be a difficult environment for human settlement. The region is a hyperarid desert that is susceptible to water shortages, tectonic activity, and episodic, but devastating flooding brought on by ENSO (5). However, the area also has environmental advantages that served as the economic basis for complex societies for millennia (6). The Pacific coast is home to one of the world's richest marine ecosystems, which supported large fishing communities throughout prehistory (7, 8). In addition, the desert coastline is watered by a series of river systems fed from the adjacent Andes mountains, enabling irrigation agriculture. …

[↵][1]1Email: jnesbitt{at}tulane.edu.

 [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1


Magnus gliders are spinning toys displaying spectacular looped trajectories when launched at large velocity. These trajectories originate from the large amplitude of the Magnus force due to translational velocities of a few meters per second combined with a backspin of a few hundred radians per seconds. In this article, we analyse the trajectories of Magnus gliders built from paper cups, easily reproducible in the laboratory. We highlight an analogy between the trajectory of the glider and the trajectory of charged particles in crossed electric and magnetic fields. The influence of the initial velocity and the initial backspin on the trajectories is analyzed using high speed imaging. The features of these trajectories are captured by a simple model of the evolution of the Magnus and drag forces as a function of the spin of the gliders. The experimental data and the modeling show that the type of trajectory—for instance, the occurrence of loops—depends mostly on the value and orientation of the initial translational velocity regardless of the value of the backspin, while the maximum height of the apex depends on both the initial translational velocity and initial backspin.


As the field of agent-based systems continues to expand rapidly, one of the most significant problems lies in being able to compare and evaluate the relative benefits and disadvantages of different systems. In part, this is due to the various different ways in which these systems are presented. One solution is to develop a set of architectural building blocks that can be used as a basis for further construction (to avoid re-inventing wheels), and to ensure a strong and effective, yet simple and accessible, means of presentation that allows for comparison and analysis of agent systems. In this paper, we address this issue in providing just such an architectural framework by using the 3APL agent programming language as a starting point for identification and specification of more general individual agent components. This provides three additional benefits: it moves the work further down the road of implementation, contributes to a growing library of agent techniques and features, and allows a detailed comparison of different agent-based systems specified in similar ways.


Work on what was to become "structured design" began in the early 1960s. Structured design, as a well-defined and named concept, did not achieve appreciable visibility until the publication of an article in the IBM Systems Journal in 1974. There is more than one way to accomplish a "structured design."

Like structured design, the term object-oriented design (OOD) means different things to different people. For example, OOD has been used to imply such things as

The design of individual objects, and/or the design of the individual methods contained in those objects

The design of an inheritance (specialization) hierarchy of objects

The design of a library of reusable objects

The process of specifying and coding of an entire object-oriented application

The term nonformal is used to describe approaches to OOD that are not well defined, step-by-step, or repeatable, such as those that emphasize the design of individual objects, specialization (inheritance) hierarchies, and libraries of objects. A survey of such approaches indicates that there may indeed be some repeatable rigor (and some sage advice) given for these approaches, but they are severely lacking when it comes to defining the software architecture of large and critical systems. Different approaches, techniques and experienced with object oriented design are discussed here.

Keywords:

programming language;
nonformal;
lifecycle view;
nonrigorous approaches;
mixed paradigms;
paradigms;
metrics;
experience


Childhood melanocytic tumors represent a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge, and additional research is needed to better define the natural history of these tumors.


Different-resolution change detection (DRCD) is now becoming an urgent problem to be solved, which is of great potential in rapid monitoring, such as disaster assessment and urban expansion. In DRCD tasks, bitemporal inputs are given in the form of different resolutions, and thus, conventional change detection (CD) methods cannot be applied directly. Previous studies have attempted to deal with this problem by reconstructing the low-resolution (LR) image into a high-resolution (HR) one, including interpolation and super-resolution (SR). However, these solutions are limited by the availability of training data, making it hard to meet different kinds of needs. Besides, these image-level strategies have also ignored the interaction and alignment of high-level features. Therefore, we propose a new approach based on multimodel Transformers (MM-Trans), which solves the resolution gaps of bitemporal inputs in DRCD tasks from the perspective of feature alignment. In the MM-Trans, a weight-unshared feature extractor is first utilized to precisely capture the features of the different-resolution inputs. Then, a spatial-aligned Transformer (sp-Trans) is introduced to align the LR-image features to the same size of the HR-image ones, which can be optimized in a learnable way by an auxiliary token loss. After that, a semantic-aligned Transformer (se-Trans) is adopted, in which the bitemporal features can be further interacted and aligned semantically. Finally, a prediction head is employed to obtain fine-grained change results. Experiments conducted on three common CD datasets, CDD, S2Looking, and HTCD dataset, have shown the advancement of the MM-Trans and fully demonstrated its potential in DSCD tasks.


Based on the 1958—2009 monthly total precipitation data of 4 stations over Tianjin area,160 stations over China and the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data set,the variation characteristics of precipitation over Tianjin area and atmospheric circulation features in the same term of July to August as well as in the previous months from the preceding December through June for the anomalous years are investigated respectively by employing the simple correlation and composite analysis.The results show that the precipitation over Tianjin area is mainly concentrated in the rainy season.There exist interannual and interdecadal variations about the rainfall in rainy season.During the simultaneous term of the more precipitation years, the western Pacific subtropical high lies more northward,the low value systems develop on the northwest side of Tianjin area.Positive vorticity develops in the lower troposphere and the convergence ascending movement is more intense accordingly.The South Asia high and the subtropical upper westerly jet lie more northward.Meanwhile,warm and wet flow coming from southwest is stronger.For the less precipitation years the situations are just opposite.Additionally,there is a significant negative correlation between the precipitation and SAM(Southern Hemisphere Annular Mode) in the preceding June,which provides meaningful references for the short-term climate prediction of precipitation over Tianjin area.


INTRODUCTION Invasive plant species are considered threats to the biodiversity of natural areas and some estimates suggest that they make up 8% to 47% of the plants in each state. Invasive plants can displace natives and reduce biodiversity of nonmanaged or low-managed landscapes by escaping cultivation through the production of large quantities of highly viable seed capable of germination and remaining viable in the seed bank for years. Trees present a greater challenge in that their mature size provides a greater dispersal pattern and the larger the tree the higher the seed yield (Dieringer, 1991; Ollerton and Lack, 1998). Norway maple (Acer platanoides) is a horticulturally well developed shade tree species with numerous cultivars and hybrids selected for leaf color and character, tree form, and size that has been identified as potentially invasive. Based on observations, Norway maple produces high quantities of seed, shade-tolerant seedlings, and dense canopies which further reduce light and moisture reaching the understory (Gresham, 2000; Randall, 1996). At the Drew University Forest Preserve, Webb et al. (2001) reported that Norway maple seed banks consisting of both longlived and short-lived seeds were capable of establishing in the forest (Webb and Kaunzinger, 1993). Estimating seed yield, finding similar age replicate samples, mature plants, and complete collections in close proximity makes evaluating shade tree invasive potential much more difficult than previously reported evaluations of shrubs and perennial ornamental grasses. This research represents the first attempt at examining the invasive potential of Norway maple by estimating seed yield, germination, and viability (Conklin and Sellmer, 2009a and 2009b) (Table 1). Tree sites used in the study included: The Holden Arboretum (Kirtland, Ohio; lat. 41o36'N, long. 81o18'W; USDA Hardiness Zone 5), Dawes Arboretum (Newark, Ohio; lat. 39o58'N, long. 82o24'W; USDA Hardiness Zone 6), and the Pennsylvania State University (University Park, Pennsylvania; lat. 40o48'N, long. 77o51'W; USDA Hardiness Zone 6).


The results obtained in this study showed that Ethanolic extract of Neem leaves, Tulsi leaves and Garlic @10 mg/ml concentration (in-vitro) and @100 mg/kg (in-vivo) has significantly efficacious against Haemonchus contrortus. In-vivo trial of Crude powder of Neem leaves, Tulsi leaves and Garlic bulb @ 150 mg/kg body weight was also found potent anthelmintic effect against naturally infected Haemonchus contortus in goats. From this experiment, it may concluded that cheap and easily available plant based dewormer helpful in poor farmers to reduce the losses in goat production, which occurs due to haemonchosis.


Method and apparatus for ranging detection signal transmission device is provided. How this signal is received, the digital base is only, does not require the receiver is an analog measuring device. Ranging can be achieved using a single pulsed release device operating in a spaced apart distance range from a single signal transmitter at the lowest, and a single digital receiver and a processing circuit . In general, a plurality of transmission pulses emitter, using a structure comprising a plurality of digital receiver located in any fixed three-dimensional structure, it is possible to virtually simultaneously ranging and positioning in three dimensions (XYZ coordinate) . Application example, in order to determine at least one signal transmitter or distance range for the receiver that is designed to determine the distance range may include at least one of the reflected signals are transmitted from the object.


Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) has been shown to be an eff ective technique to strengthen muscle following musculoskeletal injury or surgery. A limitation of NMES is the discomfort caused by the strong electrical contractions required for eff ective strength gains. This article explores whether the application of cryotherapy over muscle aff ects the ability of the muscle to contract in response to NMES and whether the reduction in discomfort of the stimulus enables greater force production. Eleven studies that met the inclusion criteria were reviewed. This review found that short-duration application of cryotherapy can improve tolerance to strong contractions elicited by NMES for muscle strengthening; however, longerduration applications may aff ect muscle force production. More studies are needed to determine the eff ect of cryotherapy on force production of muscle during NMES and whether greater increases in strength can be achieved.


People with communication impairments, e.g., those with hearing loss or non-verbal autistic people, are a non-irrelevant number in modern society, so their inclusion is a very important issue. Different approaches can be used to achieve this, and in this paper we consider the use of sign language as a bridge to connect them with the rest of the world. To this aim, we propose an enjoyable and playful approach based on the use of an Elf Sanbot robot. We thus introduce two new applications that we have developed to interface with the robot. They can be installed in a smartphone or in a tablet, and can be used to remotely control the robot via Bluetooth or WiFI connection. The first application, called Sanbot Manager, is used to regulate the movements of the robot in the space and of the head. The second one, called Sanbot Server application, allows for interfacing the robot with a human, that proposes vocal or textual words or sentences, and the robot reacts by showing the corresponding video in sign languages on the robot's screen. We think that these two applications, and in particular the Sanbot Server application, could be used to stimulate a person with a communication impairment, therapists, relatives, friends, to learn a sign language in an enjoyable way.


Radiative Neutron Capture on 14C and 14N
The possibility of description of the experimental data on total cross sections of the radiative neutron capture on 14C and 14N is considered within the frame of the potential cluster model with forbidden states and their classification according to the Young tableaux. It is shown that the used model and the potential construction methods allow us to reproduce correctly the behavior of experimental cross sections at the energies from 10 meV (10 -2 eV) to 1 MeV.


PREFACE Conference in a brief The 9th Basic Science International Conference (BaSIC 2019) was a scientific meeting aimed to promote mutual exchange between scientists and experts, to exchange and share their experiences and research results on all aspects of basic science. The BaSIC 2019 also has provided a premier interdisciplinary platform for researchers, practitioners and educators to present and discuss the most recent innovations, trends, and concerns as well as practical challenges encountered and solutions adopted in the fields of basic sciences. The conference was carried out with regards of the Rector of Brawijaya University's program to increase the number of publications of scientific paper in international journals or proceedings indexed by Scopus. Therefore, the selected full papers will be published in conference proceedings indexed by Scopus, IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. The conference has recorded 344 registered delegates (presenters and nonpresenters), among which 350 participants attended the conference. The participants consist of both international and national researchers, university lecturers, and college students in the field of basic sciences. In terms of country of origin, the participants of the BaSIC 2019 are coming from 7 countries, including Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, Gambia, Libya, Saudi Arabia, and Thailand. List of Conference Photographs and Committees are available in this pdf.


Voice over IP is one of the most propulsive technologies today. Significant advantages of VoIP over conventional telephone system provide a major incentive for enterprises and service providers to use the new technology. There is a variety of IP telephony standards, which provide basic models for implementation of VoIP. However, some significant problems still need to be adequately solved. Security, global administration and billing, emergency dialing plans and lawful interception are some of the areas that are being researched. This paper proposes a distributed system for the lawful interception in IP telephony networks. The proposed system has scalable architecture, supports various interception methods, and can be deployed on various network infrastructures. In addition, the system design addresses various issues present in IP networks, for instance; security protocols, network configuration, and standardized data formats. A prototype of the interception system, based on the proposed architecture, has been implemented and tested.