Photothermal therapy employing nanomaterials is a promising approach to selectively treat targeted tissues with abnormal characteristics such as tumors. While vital research has focused on the use of these materials in biomedical applications, net effects of these materials in biological environments are still not well understood. For reliable biomedical applications, it is crucial to quantitatively evaluate thermal properties of these materials in biological and physiological environments. To this end, we have developed a highly integrated measurement platform and examined local thermal properties of single gold shell nanocrystals in biomimetic environments. These nanoshells consist of a silica core with an outer gold coating. For quantitative measurement of the local thermal profile of gold nanoshells, we monitor lipid phase transitions triggered by gold nanoshell thermal excitation. Dried lipid layers with adsorbed gold nanoshells were placed in an aqueous environment. Photothermal excitation of the gold nanoshells induced localized liposome budding as the lipids were raised above their transition temperature. Single particle tracking of gold nanoshells in solution and within liposomes revealed larger diffusion rates for the confined nanoparticles, likely due to a raised local temperature.


For sediment interfaces that are very rough on the scale of the acoustic wavelength (i.e., kh greater than 1 where k is 2*π/wavelength and h is the rms roughness of the water/sediment interface) it is possible to estimate what the reflection coefficient would be if the interface were flat. In order to do so, a large ensemble of forward scattering measurements are needed in order to reduce the statistical uncertainty of the estimated reflection coefficient. In addition to the statistical uncertainty there can be biases in the estimate (for some grazing angles) that must be taken into account. The above conclusions will be supported through the use of monte carlo simulations of scattering from a rippled interface. The simulations are carried out in the context of discriminating between alternative acoustic models of sand sediments. [Work supported by ONR.]


The paper designed a multi-channel data acquisition system based on PXI 6281. It used DAQmx technology in LabVIEW for synchronous analog channel data acquisition. It realized multi-channel real-time data acquisition, processing, display and data auto-saving. Data acquisition system consists of three major modules: the pressure measurement module, the motor speed measurement modules and real-time temperature measurement module. It has advantage of short cycle of technological upgrading, development and low maintenance costs. It has some reference value for other data acquisitions.


The smallest known three-dimensional closed manifold of curvature k≡−1 was discovered a few years ago by Weeks. This kind of manifold is constructed from a hyperbolic polyhedron with faces pairwise identified. Here it is used as the comoving spatial section of a Friedmann cosmological model, in the spirit of Ellis and Schreiber's idea of small universes. Its nontrivial global topology has the effect of producing multiple images of single cosmic sources, and this is the basis of an attempt to solve a famous controversy about the redshifts of quasars


In this paper, I will try to analyze the extent in which feminists might take part in the political comeback of sortition. In the first section I will discuss the political implication of this mechanism and the arguments raised by those in favor of a political lottery. In the second section there will be an emphasis on the importance of descriptive representation in general, focusing on the feminist perspective, while talking about the idea of implementing gender quotas. Also, I will put forward a discussion surrounding various empirical studies that revealed the effects of gender quotas. At last, in the third section, I will try to point out the negative effects of gender quotas and the manner in which these can be avoided by using sortition, by referencing the basic principles of this random mechanism which can be used in association with the feminist principles.


We show that hybrid nano materials composed of several different types of nanoparticles show exciting new linear and nonlinear optical effects. Furthermore, we will address the role of chiral inclusions in these layers on the optical properties. While individual nanoparticles (NPs) can show interesting optical effects, it is often desired to organize these nanoparticles in layers to create nanostructures materials. This is usually done by Layer-by-Layer (LbL) self-assembly deposition methods that offer an attractive way to produce such structures in a very controlable way. Most of these LbL methods involve the use of polymers or polyelectrolytes as spacer and stabilizing unit between consecutive NP layers. Disadvantages of such methods are that they typically have limited NP filling/volume fractions. (1) Recently, we developed a versatile LbL fabrication method on glass substrates using short bifunctional molecular linkers that results in homogeneous samples with very high NP filling fractions and controlled distances between adjacent particles. This synthesis method uses short bifunctional molecular linkers connecting the NPs and allows producing nanocomposites with a defined number of NP layers of specific materials on glass substrates. (2) One concrete type of samples that we prepared are composed of alternating layers of silver NPs, Fe3O4 NPs and gold NPs. The resulting structures show a variety of optical resonances in the visible and near-infrared region of the spectrum and exhibit peculiar linear and nonlinear optical properties. For example, nanolayered structures deposited on one side of the glass substrate show nonreciprocal asymmetric transmission effects on the order of 0.1%. Furthermore, the effect is additive, in the sense that asymmetric transmission increases linearly with the number of samples put into a consecutive assembly. The origin of the asymmetric transmission effects is twofold : 1) the presence of a strong asymmetry perpendicular to the sample created by using different types of NPs, and 2) the presence of strong quadrupolar interactions between the different particles. The corresponding dielectric tensor can be shown to be different for the forward and backward propagation direction leading to a truly nonreciprocal effect. We will present a relatively simple theory based on electric-quadrupole effects, that explains all experimentally observed effects. The same type of sample was used to examine second-harmonic generation (SHG) and third-harmonic generation (THG). While not a classical nonlinear optical material, both second-harmonic and third-harmonic efficiencies of the samples are extremely strong. Especially the third-order response is extremely high, amounting to susceptibility values of over 10 -10 esu. Furthermore, spectrally resolved nonlinear optical measurements under variable NIR excitation wavelength show that at particular excitation wavelengths, bot SHG and THG become simultaneously resonantly enhanced. We show that SHG is enanced due the the presence of strongly coupled plsamon fields, while THG is enhaced due to strong IVCT transitions in the iron oxide NPs. Finally, the NP multilayeres were doped with chiral molecules and circular-difference (CD) effects in the optical response were investigated. Strong CD effects were observed, depending on the particular experimental configuration. AcknowledgementsW. Brullot and T. Verbiest acknowledge financial support from the KU Leuven (PDM mandate, IDO project).. REFERENCES 1. Srivastava, S. and Kotov, N.A. "Composite Layer-by-Layer (LBL) assembly with inorganic nanoparticles and nanowires," Acc. Chem. Res., Vol. 41, No. 12, 1831–1841, 2008. 2. Brullot, W., Strobbe, R., Bynens, M., Bloemen, M., Demeyer, P.-J., Vanderlinden, W., De Feyter, S., Ventsislav, V.K. and Verbiest, T. "Layer-by-Layer synthesis and tuable optical properties of hybrid magnetic-plamsonic nanocomposites using short bifunctional molecular linkers," Materials Letters, Vol. 118, 99-102, 2014.


The Manchester triage System is an algorithmic standard designed to aid the triage nurse in choosing an appropriate triage category using a five-point scale. Many of the terms used in the Manchester triage algorithm to describe patients' symptoms and their urgency levels are imprecise and overlap, making the system a good candidate for fuzzy modeling. The paper develops a dynamic fuzzy triage system based on the Manchester triage algorithm. The system serves as a decision aid for the triage nurse while allowing medical experts to configure the meaning of the linguistic terms using a fuzzy mouse.


The objective of the study was to examine the effects of noliprel on renal hemodynamics and to establish correlations in the vascular regions of the heart and kidneys. The authors performed a 0-month open randomized study that included 35 patients (9 males and 26 females) aged 40 to 65 years (mean 55.8 ± 7.8 years) who had grades 1 and 2 arterial hypertension (AH). Blood pressure (BP), the rigidity of large arteries, cardiac remodeling, total peripheral vascular resistance, and renal blood flow were monitored during therapy. All studies were performed before and о months alter therapy. Results: The target BP (


Using high‐throughput chemical library screening for novel therapeutic candidates, a thienopyrazole derivative was identified with cancer‐selective cytotoxic effects. This compound exhibited effective and consistent cytotoxicity against a range of human cancer cell lines at nanomolar to low micromolar concentrations after 48 hours of treatment. Subsequent analyses by flow cytometry and other cellular assays demonstrated a dose‐dependent apoptotic cell death, cell cycle interference and inhibition of microtubule polymerization. These results merit the further analysis of this compound as a therapeutic treatment of human cancer, specifically those of hematopoietic and cervical origin.


Spyware is deemed a big danger to the privacy and secrecy of both individuals and firms, it frequently results in the damage and loss of electronic data stored on all types of computers. The main challenges in designing anti-spyware systems are the need for updating data describing spywares and changing the structure of old programs to detect new or unknown spywares. In this paper, we aimed to propose a security pattern for spyware detection. We achieved our objective by introducing a framework for anti-spyware system that combine data mining and design patterns in creating security patterns able to detect and classify spyware efficiently. The proposed anti-spyware system is characterized by its reusability, in sense that it can modify itself for any new or unknown spyware. The experimental results of the proposed approach outperform all the previous competing approaches.


Vocational Curriculum System is the center of personnel training program by way of work-integrated learning as well as the foundation of curriculum development and the key of school-enterprise cooperation.Therefore,curriculum system design based on systemized working process is the only way for the mode of work-integrated learning in vocational institutions.Shiyan Technical Institute,in recent years,makes a beneficial research and progress at the curriculum system design and practice.


Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an important oilseed crop commercially cultivated in India. The adaptability and stability of some groundnut genotypes was assessed during 20112012 in different growing seasons (kharif, rabi and summer) with different sowing dates with combination of fertilizer levels at Oilseeds Research Unit at the Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola, India. The pod yield and seed oil content were recorded. Pooled analysis of variance of pod yield and seed oil content over diverse environments revealed the presence of genotype x environment interaction and significant differences among the genotypes and environments (p<0.05). The partitioning of G × E interaction indicated that the linear component was significant (p<0.05) against pooled deviation for both traits. The non-linear component (pooled deviation) was also significant (p<0.050 when tested against the pooled error revealing presence of non-linear responses of the genotypes to the changing environments. The genotype AK 320 exhibited specific adaptability for favorable environments and the genotype AK 342 showed adaptability for unfavorable environments with respect to pod yield. However, both varieties were not stable across environments for the seed oil content though their seed oil content improved proportionate to the improving environment. The genotype AK 327 showed the highest general adaptability over diverse environments in respect of both pod yield and seed oil content. In general, the genotypes that showed high level of stability were not high yielders and the high yielders were found to be unstable in pod yield and seed oil content.


Much research has been done of color science relative to dentistry, but the amount of research applied to denture base resin is very small-there are only three papers, by KANEKO et al. [4, 5], IBUSUKI et al. [10], and POWERS and J.M. [11, 12] and most of these used the Munsell color comparison method. Therefore, the authors did experiments using measuring equipment which can produce objective results, and obtained the following conclusions : 1. The lightness of the resin decreased with increasing thickness.2. The color saturation of the resin was greatest when the thickness was 1.8 mm.3. A tendency for the hue to change from reddish-yellow to red and to reddish-purple was observed with increasing thickness.4. For the lightness of the resin, no influence was observed of the change in Shades No. 1 to No. 4. However, lightness was influenced by differences in the thickness of Shades No. 1 to No. 4, and also by differences in the shade as well as the thickness of Shades No. 6 to No. 9.


Shenzhen public hospitals management system reform implemented the strategies that separated the functions of government agencies from public institutions and separated the hospital management from hospital regulation.The reform also established the medical management center and promoted the autonomous operation management of public hospitals.This articles described the disadvantage of current public hospitals management system,introduced the basic framework and major implementations of Shenzhen public hospitals management system reform program,and analyzed the characteristics and effect of this program.

Key words:
Public hospital;  Management system;  Reform;  Separation of functions of government agencies and public institutions;  Separation of management and regulation


Let's go ahead, set up our dichotomies and choose our colors. Now read the text: what matters is what the options already prescribe, the meaning of being before or after the "/," the possible and potential "truths" a particular position enables and/or precludes? Explicitly or implicitly, the authors in this cluster address this question when each shows how the recent articulation of the term Kulturkampf rehearses the pair public/private, the founding liberal distinction. When doing so, they delimit the challenge facing progressive legal scholarship in a global (juridical, economic, and ethical) configuration ruled by the conservative versions of the liberal principles of diversity and multiculturalism. After each account of neoconservative reactions to the social (racial, gendered/sexual, economic) subaltern's demands for (juridical and political) representation, as I hope the reader will notice, it becomes evident that any progressive rebuttal of the tale of "cultural wars" should begin with the acknowledgement that the prevailing formulation of the domain of the private deploys racial and cultural difference as markers of those who fail to embrace the principle of universality. When doing so they ask the reader to be aware of easy dichotomies that recall the liberal ontology in which the principle of universality and its signifiers produce the political scene as an abstract, transcendent, configuration in which (racial, gender/sexual and cultural) difference enters as a troubling rather than a constitutive aspect of social life. Through three moves these papers indicate the need for a (re)formulation of the social which would not be immediately resolved in the neoliberal-neoconservative reframing of the


Abstract : In TREC 2006, teams from the University of Maryland participated in the Blog track, the Expert Search task of the Enterprise track, the Complex Interactive Question Answering task of the Question Answering track, and the Legal track. This paper reports our results.


Trade data on East Asian EMEs shows the predominant use of Dollar Currency Pricing (DCP). Using a DSGE model with six-stage vertical production chain, staggered prices, and cross-border trade in intermediate inputs, we aim to provide an alternative explanation for 'fear of floating' by EMEs. We examine interactions between firms' pricing rules and the transmission of external shocks under different exchange rate regimes. We find that weak input substitution and DCP of exports eliminate expenditure-switching and the allocative role of exchange rate adjustment, resulting in 'exchange rate disconnect', and hence 'fear of floating' by EMEs.


ABSTRACT Twenty years ago last month "the troubles" began in Northern Ireland. The political, social and economic implications of the problems that now beset the province are well known. What is less familiar is the effect the troubles are having on architecture and environmental design in Northern Ireland. This paper seeks to examine the way the special demands of security and solidity of construction are reconciled with the political policy of playing down the visual impact of the troubles.


This software is developed for some problems on manual design of piston compressor,such as heavy workload,long design circle,difficulty of design quality assurance and so on.Because this software has friendly user interface,it is easy to be revised and the results are easy to be viewed.This article introduces this software′s structure and main modules,it includes four modules as follows:medium physical property calculation module,thermal calculation module,dynamic calculation module and design selection module.Thus this software makes design selection of piston compressor convenient,fast and highly efficient.


One kind of closed-cell polyurethane rigid foam structural element, which has excellent insulation properties and improved acoustic performance which meet specific performance criteria by a surface recess obtained.


Recently harbor remodeling projects are seriously considered to enhance the loading and unloading capability of old container terminals and to make decrepit ports as eco-friendly harbor and waterfront spaces in many countries. In such a case, quantitative and qualitative evaluations on concrete harbor facilities are mandatory to determine the current structural integrity condition of aged materials. Once the remodeling project is determined to be carried out, the reusability of individual structural members and facilities including caissons, cell-blocks, and tetra-pods need to be decided based on the simple and economic visual inspection and/or nondestructive testing. In this study, the systematic quantitative evaluation procedure for determining the structural integrity condition and the reusability is studied based the nondestructive testing and evaluation methods. Conventional methods including Schmidt hammer test and ultrasonicpulse velocity methods and elastic wave based methods including impact echo test and surface wave test are applied to the old harbor facilities in five different sites. The compressive tests are also carried out to determine the elastic modulus and compressive strength of concrete materials.


New technologies like electric power steering and steer-by-wire have made it possible to freely shape the steering wheel dynamics. As the driver is part of the closed-loop vehicle steering system, his neuromuscular response should be taken into account when shaping steering wheel dynamics. It is known that drivers adapt the dynamics of their arm to different traffic situations (e.g., increased neuromuscular stiffness for narrow roads) and to the steering wheel dynamics itself. Based on that knowledge, this research study investigates whether steering wheel stiffness can be used to assist driving behaviour for different road widths. It was hypothesised that with higher steering wheel stiffness (KSW), drivers would keep the combined dynamics constant by decreasing their neuromuscular stiffness (KNMS). In a critical traffic situation like when a road narrows, high KSW could then allow drivers to relax more, as they would no longer need to increase their own KNMS. Eleven subjects took part in a driving simulator experiment where driving criticality was manipulated by alternating wide and narrow straight segments. Three steering wheel settings were tested: baseline, high and 'adaptive' stiffness, which changed gradually from baseline KSW on wide roads to high KSW on narrow roads, and vice versa. Against expectation, no decrease in KNMS was found for higher KSW. Adapting KSW to road width, similar to how drivers adapt, did thus not yield the expected benefits in terms of KNMS. In addition, even with high KSW, performance remained worse on narrow compared to wide roads. However, effort was lower with high KSW, while performance was maintained or even increased. Also, subjective ratings were highest for adaptive KSW, which enabled drivers to keep effort constant between road widths. While no effects on KNMS were found, adapting KSW can thus be a useful tool in assisting driving behaviour in different road conditions.


Dvůr Kralove nad Labem is a small town in East Bohemia with a strong tradition of textile industry. A factory owner Josef Sochor was the one who mainly contributed to the development of the town after 1900. Despite his humble family background, he was able to work his way up to become one of the most important Czech textile industrialists. Since his social status was getting bigger, his residence started growing as well. The villa of Josef Sochor is thus the the main topic of my paper. The first Sochor's house was built near the factory by Eduard Thym in 1904. The architect, who gained regional importance, created the building in eclectic style. Later Sochor continued building additional parts to the original house and the edifice was constantly changing. Its decorations were subject to current architectural trends. At the same time the internal layout of the villa was changing just like its equipment. Famous Czech artists Josef Gocar, Otto Gutfreund, Frantisek Kysela and Pavel Janak participated in the exterior and interior of the building. In Dvůr Kralove nad Labem Sochor family built another edifices - in the neighbourhood of their factory an administrative building was built in rondo-cubist style (architect Pavel Janak), there was a driver's house built in functionalist style (architect Josef Grus) and villa of Zdeněk Sochor who was one of the sons of Josef Sochor (architect Josef Gocar). For the employees of Sochor's factory there was designed the whole series of working-class colonies. The growth of one of the most important Czech companies was stopped by the second world war. In my contribution I would also like to engage myself in the post-war fate of the above mentioned buildings.


A kind of new abradable seal coatings is developed,the properties of bonding strength,hardness are studied.Bonding mechanism and heating process are discussed.The result indicated that the hardness of coating is 73.5(HRY15),the bonding strength of coating is 7.0MPa,it meets the requirements of abradable seal coatings.


Transport phenomena of charged membranes based on the charge models (including the space charge model and the fixed charge model) are cataloged into the three kinds, that is,separation performance,electro-kinetic properties and transport characteristics with respect to the charge effect.Generally,separation performance is expressed by the rejections and permeation fluxes,electro-kinetic properties are specified by the membrane potential and streaming potential, while transport characteristics are summed up by six independent parameters (or coefficients): pure water permeability,reflection coefficient,electro-osmostic coefficient,solute permeability coefficient,electrical conductance and electrical transport number.In this article, the above-mentioned transport phenomena of charged membranes based on the charged models are reviewed in detail.The respective advantages of the space charged model and the fixed charge model applied to charged membranes are described, and the development trend is presented.


ORF 8a is a short 39 amino acid bitopic membrane protein encoded by severe acute respiratory syndrome causing corona virus (SARS‐CoV). It has been identified to increase permeability of the lipid membrane for cations. Permeability is suggested to occur due to the assembly of helical bundles. Computational models of a pentameric assembly of 8a peptides are generated using the first 22 amino acids, which include the transmembrane domain. Low energy structures reveal a hydrophilic pore mantled by residues Thr‐8, and −18, Ser‐11, Cys‐13, and Arg‐22. Potential of mean force (PMF) profiles for mono (Na+, K+, Cl−) and divalent (Ca2+) ions along the pore are calculated. The data support experimental findings of a weak cation selectivity of the channel. Calculations on 8a are compared to data derived for a pentameric bundle consisting of the M2 helices of the bacterial pentameric ligand gated ion channel GLIC (3EHZ). PMF curves of both, bundles 8a and M2, show sigmoidal shaped profiles. In comparison to the data for the M2‐GLIC model, data of the 8a bundle show lower amplitude of the PMF values between maximum and minimum and less discrimination amongst ions. Proteins 2015; 83:300–308. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


"Bad data." In our world of data-driven decision making, these two words can send chills up the spines of executive managers who rely on "good data" to make enrollment projections, resource allocations, and budget recommendations. In this spiraling economy, presidents and provosts want "numbers they can count on;" the last thing they want to hear when making mission-critical decisions is that the data are "dirty," "inaccurate," or "just not right." Yet institutions struggle daily with data quality issues that affect not only the lives of students but also the bottom line. In a recent brief entided "The Impact of Bad Data on Demand Creation," Sirius demonstrated that following "data quality best practices" resulted in a 66 percent increase in revenue. The average company (one that did not follow best practices) had data error rates of up to 25 percent; those companies that had reengineered their data quality processes still had data error rates of 10 percent. With the amount of data processed doubling every twelve to eighteen months, data cleaning costs climb at similar rates, coupled with lost revenue resulting from faulty data. The Sirius report summarized this phenomenon with the "1-10-100" rule: "It takes $1 to verify a record as it is entered, $10 to cleanse and de-dupe it, and $100 if nothing is done, as the ramifications of the mistakes are felt over and over again" (Sirius 2008). As universities begin to implement business intelligence tools such as end-user reporting, data warehousing, and dashboard indicators, data quality becomes an even greater and more public issue. Clearly, the benefits of "data to the desktop" and "information at our fingertips" initiatives are numerous. In Leadership and the New Science, Meg Wheatley states that "if data is [sic] free to move, it meets up with diverse observers that develop their own interpretations. An organization rich with many interpretations develops a wiser sense of what is going on and what needs to be done. Such organizations become more intelligent" (Wheadey 2006). That said, "bad data" that are "free to move" typically end up in the hands of vocal constituents who, like the town crier, let everyone from the president to the parking attendant know that the data are "wrong," the numbers "can't be trusted," and, most of all, ask, "How can you cut/eliminate my program based on those data?" With automated tools taking nighdy snapshots of the database, the faulty data grow exponentially, propagating as another layer of the data warehouse. No matter how many times we mow the data "fields," the bad data - like fields full of dandelions - seem to regenerate overnight. When the problem of data quality is thrust into public forums, the natural tendency is to cast blame. And because the data typically originate with the campus's enterprise resource planning (ERP) system, the fault must lie in the keepers of that system: the IT department. The verdict is not difficult to justify: IT stands for "information technology," so that department also must be responsible for the "information" emanating from the technology i.e. the software): If the data are wrong, the fault must be theirs: "Guilty" as charged. The irony is that while many IT professionals know that their universities have a data-quality problem, they believe that others within their organization assume that the problem is it's to solve. Ted Friedman, Vice President of Research at Gartner, states that data quality "is a business issue; this is not an IT issue, and the only way you're going to be successful is if you put some accountability on business and engage the business side of the house" (DeFalice 2005). Mirroring the business world, and in the spirit of shared governance, data governance bodies have become the method of engaging the "functional side of the house," assigning the role of data steward to data-centric positions such as registrar, controller, alumni director, and institutional researcher. …


INTRODUCTION
This study examined the efficacy and safety of cholangiopancreatoscopy via the SpyGlass™ system in routine clinical practice.

METHODS
The clinical data of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) performed in a regional hospital from January 2013 to November 2016 was retrieved from an electronic database and reviewed. All patients who had undergone SpyGlass cholangiopancreatoscopy were enrolled. Patient demographics, procedure indication, technical success rates, clinical success rates and complication rates were analysed. A subanalysis of clinical outcomes was performed comparing the SpyGlass legacy (fibreoptic) and digital systems.

RESULTS
Out of 2,050 ERCP procedures performed, 47 patients underwent 50 cholangiopancreatoscopy procedures. Clinical indications were difficult common bile duct (CBD) stones (59.6%, n = 28), indeterminate CBD stricture (36.2%, n = 17), indeterminate pancreatic duct stricture (2.1%, n = 1) and proximally migrated CBD stent (2.1%, n = 1). Complete stone extraction was achieved in 26 (92.9%) out of 28 patients. Among patients with strictures, a correct diagnosis of malignancy based on image visualisation was achieved in all 11 cases. The sensitivity and specificity for SpyBite™ biopsies were 81.8% (95% confidence interval [CI] 48.2%-97.7%) and 100.0% (95% CI 15.8%-100.0%), respectively. The proximally migrated CBD stent was successfully extracted. Complications included pancreatitis (2.1%, n = 1), suspected sealed perforation after laser lithotripsy treated conservatively (2.1%, n = 1) and cholangitis (10.6%, n = 5). There was no difference in clinical outcomes between the SpyGlass legacy (n = 20) and digital (n = 30) systems.

CONCLUSION
SpyGlass cholangiopancreatoscopy is a safe and effective tool in routine clinical practice.


Flat display panel testing apparatus of the present invention is generated by the test pattern generator in accordance with the test item said image pick-up for detecting the defect in accordance with a plurality of cameras and a test item that is used for imaging the test pattern displayed on the liquid crystal panel image from and a high-speed image processor for processing an image signal obtained. In addition, the present invention thus is configured to simultaneously scan a plurality of test items by dividing the area of the display panel into a plurality of areas and displays simultaneously a plurality of scan patterns in the respective regions to the test item, the test for any test item for are configured to perform a scan by processing only the image signals of a predetermined area of the liquid crystal panel.


In this paper we try to establish a connection between a three- dimensional Lotka-Volterra dynamical system and two-dimensional topo- logical surgery. There are many physical phenomena exhibiting two-dimensional topological surgery through a 'hole drilling' process. By our connection, such phenomena may be modelled mathematically by the above dynamical system.


This is the first of two Seminars in Speech and Language issues that assesses the reciprocal relationships between communicative impairment in children and the nature of parent-xhild interaction. Both issues recognize that speech and language impairments can substantially affect how children and their parents behave with and talk to each other. Further, because speech-language clinicians often scrutinize a child's home environment and make suggestions for adjustments in parental behaviors, it is especially critical that we continue to improve our understanding of the dynamics that govern interaction between adults and their communicatively delayed or disordered children. In this issue, interaction between fluency-disordered children and their parents is the specific focus. For half a century, parentai attitudes and behaviors have bee'n the targets of both basic research and therapeutic recommendations for early stuttering. The articles that follow synthesize our current understanding of what role parents play in the etiology and treatment of stuttering in children. In compiling these articles, I was extremely fortunate to enlist the services of a number of my colleagues who have particular interest and expertise in the nature of parental interaction with stuttering children. Martin Adams sets the stage for the discussions that follow by examining whether the home environment of children who stutter somehow distinguishes them from those children who do not stutter. He finds little data to suggest that parental attitudes or behaviors create or maintain stuttering in children. Patricia Zebrowski next examines whether parents of stuttering and normally fluent children have different expectations of their child's speech. She concludes that parents of stuttering children are not more likely than parents of nonstuttering children to judge speech disfluencies to be stuttered or pathological, thus arguing against Johnson's (1959) hypothesis that parental misdiagnosis of disfluencies as stuttering plays a role in the etiology of stuttering. Although parental speech rate probably plays little role in the development of stuttering, manipulation of parent-child conversational speech rate and turn-taking is a common conlponent of therapy programs to reduce stuttering in young children. Ellen Kelly reviews data that suggest that changes in parental speech rate and conversational turn-taking can indeed be facilitating for children's fluency. She explores possible reasons for this relationship and emphasizes the bidirectionality of parent-child interactions: parental speech rate and turn-taking appear to be strongly influenced by children's fluency. Next, Amy Weiss places children's fluency within a larger conversational framework as she analyzes the effects of certain pragmatic demands on children's fluency and then reassesses some conventional therapeutic recommendations that are frequently made to the parents of stuttering children. No matter how spirited the debate about what role, if any, parents may play in the etiology of stuttering in children, it is clear that parental support may facilitate the therapeutic process. Peter Ramig discusses the parent<hild<linician partnership in fluency therapy. His article provides guidance to clinicians seeking to help parents nlaximize their child's therapeutic progress and minimize their feelings of frustration and anxiety. In the final contribution to this issue, 1 try to place the literature that has exam-


System performance of a natural convection (thermosyphon) solar water heater depends on design and setup of collector and storage tank as well as environmental factors such as solar intensity, ambient temperature and wind conditions. The relative height separating the tank and collector mainly influences the magnitude of the thermosyphon flow rates, including both forward and reverse flow at night. In this experimental investigation, an array of evacuated tube heat pipe solar collectors was connected to an insulated hot water storage tank. The effect of the separation height between tank and collectors was investigated and reported. Thermosyphon water flow rates were measured using a dye-injection procedure in both forward and reverse flow directions. The results showed that reverse flow always occurred in the evenings and was about 5–11 times less than forward flow. The overnight mean water temperature drop was independent of the height separating the collectors and storage tank and ranged between 2 and 10°C. The temperature drop was greater when the night was cooler.


A peak cooling and heating load(㎾/㎡) and annual energy(㎾h/㎡ㆍyr) have been simulated for a special greenhouse located near Seoul. The special facility was designed for living plant and butterfly with many visitors. The design conditions for the facility have been discussed with the designer and simulated with the weather and building conditions. The load and energy simulation was done by TRNSYS 15 based on IPMVP 4.4.2.'s simulation requirement. The results have been shown in terms of area(㎾/㎡) and volume load and energy index(㎾h/㎡ㆍyr). Considering the higher height of the facility, The results came out reasonably comparing the index of a typical commercial building signed as 462㎾h/㎡ㆍyr


Aim:  Recent findings have challenged the belief that the cardiac output (CO) and oxygen consumption (VO2) relationship is linear from rest to maximal exercise. The purpose of this study was to determine the CO and stroke volume (SV) response to a range of exercise intensities, 40–100% of VO2max, during cycling.


The purpose of this study is to survey the system of the Korean Shaman`s costume and its formative character and to find out the symbolic meaning of it. This study focuses on a shaman`s costume in Seoul-Gut, Seoul-Gut belongs to `Gangsin-mu`. Therefore a shaman`s costumes in Seoul-Gut remains even today. Korea shamanistic ritual is gut. Its basic structure generally consists of 12 `Geori(a process is made up Gut)`. In Gangsin-mu, a shaman changes his / her spirit`s costumes in each Geori, so that a shaman`s costumes means the spirit. The shaman`s costumes of 12-Geori in Seoul-Gut has only 5 or 6 kinds because shamans wear the same costume when the spirit`s characters are similar with each other. Therefore, shaman`s costumes in Seoul-Gut are consistsof Poungsangbok, Pulsajangsam, chulik, Kugunbok, Monduri, and Wonsam. There are some differences between modern shaman`s costumes in Seoul-Gut and traditional costume in the basic pattern and the wearing method. Modern shaman`s costumes in Seoul-Gut has become simpler in the basic pattern and more gergeous in the color or adornment, and more various in the kinds of shaman`s costume than that of Yi Dynasty. This tendency in modern shaman`s costumes reflects modernized folk`s viewpoint in dress, which thinks highly of their individuality, and function and variety in it. Korean shaman`s costumes means the extintion of the earthly world and symbolizes the holy, symbolizes the spirits character, Ying Yang Theory, and represents shaman`s wishes. The wishes are the desire of prefection and stability in this world, the desire of ideal love and rebirth, and the desire of lofty life in this world.


Stresses in the shell shaping of the large pieces of high strength steel spherical tank were tested and analyzed.Based on the analysis of sell forming technical characteristics and the mechanics characteristics, a new measurement method was proposed,that is a test frame was installed on the steel plate.The test frame can move with the steel plate,which can protect sensors and assure the output of signal,and the technical condition of shell is stable.It can accurately measure the stress distribution and change regulation in the shell under the specific condition during punching.It is shown that in the process of punching,when the model is punched to the right place,the maximum stretching strains and the stress appear in the central area of the model.While the punching is released,the stress in this area becomes very low.This change is beneficial to the safety of the shell.Therefore,in the process of punching,it only needs to control the deformation of punching in order that the stress in the central area is lower than the strength limit of the material,there will be no craft crack in the material and disadvantageous mechanic factor in the central area.


Crops edge detection is an important content of crop detection technique based on image processing.On the basis of analyzing the existing edge detection methods,this paper combined the minimum circumscribed rectangular algorithm,median filtering,canny edge detectors with closed operation,and then proposed a rice leaf edge detection algorithm based on multi-strategy fusion technique.This algorithm was applied in different images,which included single leaf,overlap leaves,and leaves on the background of whiteboard and soil.A continuous and smooth rice leaf edge was obtained.The results showed that this method is effective,accurate and robust.


This thesis focuses on the use of unscented transformation method to solve a simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) problem. SLAM is the process by which a mobile
robot can build a map of an environment and at the same time use this map to compute its location.It can be performed by storing landmarks in a map when they are observed by the robot sensors, using the robot pose estimate to determine the landmark locations,while at the same time, using these landmarks to improve the robot pose estimate. Since the landmarks are repeatedly reobserved, their locations become increasingly certain and the map converges, eventually acquiring the rigidity of a priori map.Many solutions to the SLAM problem are focused on the filtering approaches such as the use of the extended Kalman filter (EKF),the unscented Kalman filter (UKF),the particle filter (PF) as well as their variations.However,the smoothing approach has received less attention in solving this problem.Therefore,this thesis presented a smoothing approach to solve the SLAM problem,by the implementation of Rauch-Tung-Striebel smoother.In the beginning,a linearization approach has been applied to the Rauch-Tung-Striebel smoother.This smoother named as extended Rauch-Tung-Striebel smoother (ERTSS).The performances of this smoother is better compared to the standard EKF.In order to minimize errors in the nonlinear estimation,this thesis utilizes the benefit of an unscented transformation over linearization in the ERTSS.In the unscented transformation,the state distribution is represented using a minimal set of carefully chosen sample points,called sigma points.These sigma points are propagated through the true nonlinear function,without any approximation.In addition, the difficulty of Jacobian matrix calculation, which is used in the EKF, is not required in this method. This transformation method is applied to the Rauch-Tung-Striebel smoother to obtain the unscented Rauch-Tung-Striebel smoother (URTSS).The performance of the URTSS is evaluated and compared to the similar filtering method, the UKF.The result shows that the URTSS gives lower errors in solving the SLAM problem, compared to the errors produced by the UKF.This thesis also investigates other paradigm of solving a SLAM problem known as a FastSLAM approach. In this framework, the approximation used in the standard FastSLAM is replaced by the unscented transformation,in which it is called the unscented FastSLAM (UFastSLAM).The proposed method is evaluated and its performance is compared to the standard FastSLAM.It is shown that, the UIFastSLAM gives better result in solving the SLAM problem.In addition,a new sampling technique, which is called a spherical simplex unscented FastSLAM (SSUFastSLAM),is presented.This new sampling technique uses less number of sigma points, compared to the standard one used in the UFastSLAM.For that reason, the computational cost is reduced without giving any effect on its performance,which is proved by the simulation result.


The feasibility of the RF linac heavy ion driver for inertial confinement fusion is generally now accepted. However, there are many beam manipulations that are specific to the RF linac HIF driver which must be demonstrated. Accelerator projects have begun at Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) to resolve some of the uncertainties. A minimum program has started which involves demonstration of some critical issues for linacs and accumulator rings (injection, accumulation, extraction, emittance growth, beam lifetime, internal compression, etc.). An improved facility is also proposed which would deposit more than 3 kJ on a 0.5 mm radius spot for interesting energy deposition experiments. The experimental program during the past two years has developed a high intensity xenon source, 1.5 MV preaccelerator, and the initial RF linac cavities for the demonstration projects.


Objective The Yangtze vole(Microtus fortis) was one of the main pest rodents in the Dongting Lake region.The voles moved into farmland during the flooded season every year.To control the rodent pest,the toxicity of anticoagulant rodenticides to the Yangtze vole was compared.Methods The voles were captured in the lake beach and divided into 5 groups for each kinds of rodenticide and provided 5 g,10 g,20 g,40 g,60 g anticoagulant rodenticide bait respectively.Results The results showed that 80% voles died by fed with the anticoagulant rodenticide bait,such as sodium diphacinone,No.2 Teshashu,coumatetralyl,bromadiolone,brodifacoum.The peak of vole died was in 2-6 days.Conclusion The anticoagulant rodenticides,especially No.2 Teshashu and brodifacoum,could be used to control the voles in Dongting Lake region.


After experiencing the influence of culture, semantics began to exist in language, but this semantics is limited to our own nation, and does not exist in another language. The semantic connotation of vocabulary is not its superficial meaning, but the implicit meaning of words and the new meaning attached to the conceptual meaning by national cultural emotion. The number of new words in German is increasing by thousands every year, and they inject new vitality into German. Based on lexicology and sociolinguistics, this paper focuses on the causes of the emergence of German neologisms and the changes of modern German neologisms, and analyzes the influences of society and life on neologisms and the effects of neologisms on language.


Protein-protein interactions are involved in many biological processes.So the research on the protein-protein is the key to understand the protein function and the mystery of the life.As a simple,economical and effective method for in vitro validation of protein-protein interactions,the pull-down experiment has been widely used during these years.This paper described the basic principle and characteristics of this technology,summarized its recent applications in the field of life science,and introduced some new technologies derived from it


Factors affecting the decision-making of Indonesian Sharia Banking companies. Journal on Abstract This study aims to examine the factors that influence corporate decision-making factors in transactions with Sharia Bank in Indonesia and recommend strategies to increase corporate customers in Islamic banking to increase their market share considering that corporate customers have large purchase power parity. This study was conducted to fill the research gap where it will be analyzed how the factors that influence the decisions of corporate customers in Indonesia in transacting with Islamic banking. The sample in this study is financial decision-makers in corporations consisting of the CEO, CFO, Head of Finance, Vice President Finance, and GM Finance. Sampling in this study used the Slovin formula with a target sample of 394 respondents, both Muslim and non-Muslim. The results of this study indicate that in general the level of knowledge of sharia from both Muslim and non-Muslim respondents is still minimal for basic muamalah fiqh knowledge. From the results of the analysis, it was found that the variables of service quality and sharia compliance affect the reputation of Sharia Bank in Indonesia, where the reputation of Sharia Bank is the only variable that directly affects the decisions of corporate decision-makers in transactions with Sharia Bank . Meanwhile, the variables of religiosity, sharia knowledge, the role of company shareholders do not have a positive influence on the dependent variable. Finally, this study recommends the management of Sharia Bank to determine strategic steps to improve reputation as the most decisive variable for a company to transact with Sharia Bank . Reputation is enhanced by improving service quality and sharia compliance.


The invention discloses a method for improving the tobacco stem extraction ratio. The method includes the steps that tobacco stems are washed firstly, dust and impurities in the solid tobacco stems are removed, the solid tobacco stems are washed according to material-liquid ratio of 1:4-10, solid-liquid separation is carried out after the tobacco stems are washed, and solid tobacco stem raw materials and a liquid part are obtained; then millstone mill defibering processing is carried out the solid tobacco stem raw materials; and finally the solid tobacco stem raw materials are added into water for ultrasonic extraction, plant composite hydrolase, protease and pectinase are sequentially added in the extraction process, and tobacco stem extraction liquid is obtained. The method is reasonable, simple in operation, obvious in effect and capable of improving the tobacco stem extraction ratio and the extraction liquid quality. The using amount of tobacco stems in reconstituted tobacco leaf production is increased, and the problem of tobacco fragment fragment shortage is solved to a certain degree.


Call a family 6F of subsets of a set U Ramsey if no partition of U into finitely many parts can split every F E CF. We show that under very general conditions an arbitrary collection of Ramsey families in fact has a much stronger uniform Ramsey property. A family 'F of finite subsets of a set U is said to be Ramsey if for all integers r [1, r], there exists i E [1, r] and Fa E 'a, a E A, such that Fa C X-(i) for all a E A. PROOF. We first show by induction that for any integer m and any finite subcollection 5 -a.. aj of { a)=-AI there is a finite set F= [9al . . .Yf?a ] C U such that for any mapping X: F-1, m], there is an i E [1, m] and Fj E=IF such that F CX I-(i) for I S j 1 be fixed and suppose the assertion holds for all t 1 be fixed and suppose the assertion also holds for t = t and all m < mi. Let IFa* . be an arbitrary fixed subcollection of { )a } EA. By induction, the sets X = [ ., t1]j.. ' * X = [ m where m* = ixl Received by the editors November 1, 1977 and, in revised form, April 21, 1978. AMS (MOS) subject classifications (1970). Primary 05A05, 05A17.


The final report on the projected application of larger-scale wind turbine on the northern German coast is summarized. The designs of the tower, machinery housing, rotor, and rotor blades are described accompanied various construction materials are examined. Rotor blade adjustment devices auxiliary and accessory equipment are examined.


Applications Introduction to animal names in English is intended to introduce English to kindergarten children so that they are accustomed to use English in their environment. In this globalization era, the development of mind of a child must be inculcated at an early age, this was due to absorption of a child's brain is very good at the age of 1-5 years. One of the things that can support a child's brain development is through education. Many institutions today are implementing the use of English in their curriculum. In scientific writing, the writer chose M pembuatan animasi, karena terdapat fasilitas-fasilitas yang dapat menarik perhatian anak-anak, sehingga mereka tertarik untuk mempelajarinya,. Fasilitas yang terdapat pada software ini seperti gambar, suara, animasi yang dijadikan satu dalam sebuah aplikasi in.


The present invention relates to a method for providing a simple password service, which enables a user to simply and easily input a relatively long sentence password, and an apparatus therefor. A communication device according to an embodiment of the present invention comprises: at least one processor; a memory; and at least one program stored in the memory and configured to be executed by the at least one processor, wherein the program comprises: a keypad management module for storing a simple keypad having keys, each of which matches a concealed word and presents word association information, and displaying the simple keypad; a password generation module for generating a sentence password by extracting and combining concealed words matching an input value when the input value is received through the simple keypad; and an authentication processing module for transmitting the generated sentence password, as authentication information of a user, to an external server.


To date, no direct detection of Lyman continuum emission has been measured for intermediate-redshift ( z ∼ 1 ?> ) star-forming galaxies. We combine Hubble Space Telescope grism spectroscopy with GALEX UV and ground-based optical imaging to extend the search for escaping Lyman continuum to a large (∼600) sample of z ∼ 1 ?> low-mass ( log ( M ¯ ) ≃ ?> 9.3 M ⊙ ?> ), moderately star-forming ( &PSgr; ¯ ?> ≲ 10 M ⊙ ?> yr−1) galaxies selected initially on Hα emission. The characteristic escape fraction of LyC from star-forming galaxies (SFGs) that populate this parameter space remains weakly constrained by previous surveys, but these faint (sub-L⋆) SFGs are assumed to play a significant role in the reionization of neutral hydrogen in the intergalactic medium (IGM) at high redshift z > 6 ?> . We do not make an unambiguous detection of escaping LyC radiation from this z ∼ 1 ?> sample, individual non-detections to constrain the absolute Lyman continuum escape fraction, f esc ?> < 2.1 % ?> (3σ). We measure an upper limit of f esc ?> < 9.6 % ?> from a sample of SFGs selected on high Hα equivalent width (EW > 200 Å ?> ), which are thought to be close analogs of high redshift sources of reionization. For reference, we also present an emissivity-weighted escape fraction that is useful for measuring the general contribution SFGs to the ionizing UV background. In the discussion, we consider the implications of these intermediate redshift constraints for the reionization of hydrogen in the IGM at high ( z > 6 ?> ) redshift. If we assume our z ∼ 1 ?> SFGs, for which we measure this emissivity-weighted f esc ?> , are analogs to the high redshift sources of reionization, we find it is difficult to reconcile reionization by faint ( M UV ≲ − 13 ?> ) SFGs with a low escape fraction ( f esc ?> < 3 % ?> ), with constraints from independent high redshift observations. If f esc ?> evolves with redshift, reionization by SFGs may be consistent with observations from Planck.


By integrating foraging models developed in behavioral ecology with measures of variability in faunal remains, zooarchaeological studies have made important contributions toward understanding prehistoric resource use and the dynamic interactions between humans and their prey. However, where archaeological studies are unable to quantify the costs and benefits associated with prey acquisition, they often rely on proxy measures such as prey body size, assuming it to be positively correlated with return rate. To examine this hypothesis, we analyze the results of 1,347 adult foraging bouts and 649 focal follows of contemporary Martu foragers in Australia's Western Desert. The data show that prey mobility is highly correlated with prey body size and is inversely related to pursuit success—meaning that prey body size is often an inappropriate proxy measure of prey rank. This has broad implications for future studies that rely on taxonomic measures of prey abundance to examine prehistoric human ecology, including but not limited to economic intensification, socioeconomic complexity, resource sustainability, and overexploitation.


ABSTRACT The twenty-first century has brought increased attention to what some have called millennials, the first generation to come of age in this century. Developmental psychologists have studied these young people between the ages of eighteen and thirty and found their characteristics have less to do with this generation; rather, they are more related to their phase of life. As a result, a new stage of development has been proposed called emerging adulthood. In developmental psychoanalysis, this phase has not been examined for some time, but historically, it has been referred to as young adulthood. This paper attempts to review the literature to ascertain the analytic understanding about young adults and to address two questions: what does psychoanalysis have to say about this developmental period and how does it compare with the current research coming out of developmental psychology? Does a review of this literature help us in assessing and treating these individuals?


Background: There is limited information on physical activity in marginalized older populations like that on the U.S.-Mexico border. This study aims to understand physical activity engagement among older Hispanics residing in two U.S.-Mexico Border counties. Methods: The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) was used to measure physical activity in El Paso and Cameron County, Texas. Physical activity levels were reported for vigorous, moderate, and walking met/mins. Adjusted and unadjusted modeling was conducted to determine county differences and sociodemographic covariates. Results: There were 784 participants and 92.9% were less than 65 years of age. El Paso participants reported a significantly greater natural log met/mins of vigorous (β = 1.34, p = 0.000) and walking (β = 0.331, p = 0.006). Significant sociodemographic covariates in El Paso for vigorous met/mins were gender (females β = −1.20, p = 0.003), having a regular doctor (β = −0.779, p = 0.029), and acculturation (β = 0.513, p = 0.019). Significant associations in Cameron County were having a regular doctor (β = −1.03, p = 0.000) and fair/poor health status (β = −0.475, p = 0.001). Conclusion: Level of physical activity may differ in older Hispanics by urban context on the U.S.-Mexico border. Future physical activity programs to promote physical activity should take context into consideration.


Summary Remarks on some genera and species of Neotropical Euaesthetinae (Col., Staphyli‐nidae), insects of the cryptofauna, are given. All Neotropical species of Edaphus Motschulsky are keyed, 8 species described as new: E.columbianus n.sp. (Colombia), E.mexicanus n.sp. (Mexico), E.humeralis n.sp., E.crassus n.sp., E.angulipennis n.sp., E.depressus n.sp., E.bryanti n.sp. (Brazil), and E.costaricensis n.sp. (Costa Rica). The generic characters of Tamotus Schaufuss are redescribed (including a new generic synonymy: Paredaphus Bernhauer 1915 nov.syn.), species are keyed, 2 new species are described: T.crassus n.sp. (Costa Rica, Panama) and E.brasilianus n.sp. (Brazil). Male genitalia of Tamotus consist of three pieces: the so‐called "double‐trumpet" (possibly first record of a chitinized sperm pump (?) in beetles), a large vesicula seminalis, and the edeagus. Remarks on the Neotropical Stenaesthe‐tus‐species are given including a key to species and the description of St.pammensis n.sp. (Panama). The genus Ex...


The solution of the problem of preventing recidivism of juvenile convicts is associated with psychological interaction with inmates of correctional institution with an emphasis on the formation of their ability to foresee the results of their actions. In modern psychological science, the problem of cognition of social phenomena from the point of view of predicting their consequences is carried out in the framework of the study of social intelligence of a person and the mechanisms of its functioning. The works of J. Gilford, G. Allport, R. Selman, R. Sternberg, V. N. Kunitsyna, E. S. Mikhailova, A. I. Savenkova, D. V. Ushakov and others are devoted to the issues of social intelligence, they consider this phenomenon as the ability to cognize social phenomena, an additional feature that ensures the successful functioning of a person in society. Building a system of psychological support for the development of social intelligence by juvenile convicts is based on identifying the mechanisms of its functioning. The analysis of works devoted to the description of the mechanisms of development of social intelligence (M. I. Bobneva, O. Yu. Masyagina, V. S. Mukhina, D. V. Ushakov), correlated with applied tasks and the positive potential of personal development of juvenile convicts, allows to present a multilevel structure of psychological mechanisms of development of social intelligence in this category of offenders, which includes the following processes: identification and isolation, recognition of motives of behavior of all participants of communication, reflection. To confirm the assumptions about the significant influence of reflexive processes on the level of social intelligence of juvenile convicts, we conducted an empirical study, including ascertaining and forming experiments. The basis of the forming experiment was a training, including a system of exercises, among which a special role was given to the dilemma. Due to reflection in the course of solving dilemmas, the minor's selfanalysis and awareness of social norms take place, which are transformed into his social experience. The role of the psychologist in this case consists in the formation of the wards of a positive "Self-conception", encouraging them to imitate a positive image, creating a favorable atmosphere of communication. The effectiveness of dilemmas increases when its substantive basis is relevant, causes an emotional response; at the same time, the gradual adoption of moral choices is accompanied by a psychologist. The dynamics of the development of social intelligence of juvenile convicts was determined by comparing the results of diagnosing social intelligence before and after the forming experiment using the test "Diagnosis of social intelligence" by J. p. Gilford and M. Sullivan as adapted by E. S. Mikhailova. In the course of verification, the position was confirmed that the stimulation of reflexive processes has a significant impact on the development of social intelligence. Prospects for further research on the psychological mechanisms of social intelligence of juvenile convicts are associated with the integration of psychological and pedagogical knowledge, continuity in the psychological and pedagogical support of the process under study at the penitentiary and post-penitentiary stages.


Passive adaptive network fuzzy inference controllerby teleoperation based wheeled mobile robot navigationand wheel slippage has been envisaged in this paper. Apassivity controller mode is employed to render the obstacleavoidance for wheeled mobile robot thereby ensuring incidentfree navigation particularly unlimited workspace andsurface slippage of coordination of master robot positionand slave robot velocity. In order to achieve system stabilityeffective control strategies has been formulated. Thesestrategies bypass robot slippage and skidding due to softcomputing.Perfect position tracking of the master/ slaverobot with Simpson 1/3 rule based adaptive neural networkfuzzy inference system is reducing the error in terms ofunavoidable and acceptable forces, which is confirmed bypassivity. We demonstrated theoretically, the systems stabilityis shown via its passivity hybrid system in that force feltby the human operator is approximately equal to the forcesapplied by the environment force and sensor predictor ofslave robot, which is a satisfactory performance outcome.Simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposedscheme for teleoperation under passivity controller.


For the past year academics and policy makers have been discussing Thomas Piketty's economics bestseller, Capital in the Twenty-First Century. It documents the considerable rise over the past 40 years in national wealth relative to national income in the eight richest economies – the United States, Japan, Germany, France, the United Kingdom, Italy, Canada and Australia. For each of these countries, the wealth-income ratio has increased from 200-300% in 1970 to 400-600% in 2010.


We propose the concept of a plasma compressor capable of producing extremely short relativistic laser pulse, which is based on the studies of self-focusing of high-power laser pulses under the wake-wave excitation conditions. It is shown that, in the optimal regime, the compression of laser pulses up to a duration of one optical cycle is possible. We study the influence of hose instability on the process of pulse self-compression and have found that this instability is not important for a wide set of initial conditions. The matter is that the length of pulse distortion in both transverse and longitudinal directions is larger than the length of the pulse selfcompression. Hose instability gives only negligible decrease of compression degree and weak deformation of pulse profile.


Binary LED printbars in general have exposure non-uniformity associated with lens transmission nonuniformity LED brightness variations and electro-optical crosstalks (e. g. rise time degradation optical power starvation cross-talk noise as a function of LED pixels usage) that need to be corrected for a high quality printing system. We have designed a constant current Si driver array with two independent power supplies (logic and LED powers) coupled with an improved LED printhbar system to minimize the cross-talk artifacts. In order to improve on the average exposure uniformity of the LED printing system individual trimmable current source to each driver array is also provided. In addition to that a plural resolution printing method (400 x 2400) with a binary weighted correction scheme is used to reduce a binary printhbar''s printing non-uniformity of + or-iS to + or- 1. 0. 1.


Three methods for determining the relationship between xylem pressure potential as measured in a pressure chamber (an estimate of leaf water potential) and leaf relative water content were compared for apple leaves. A range of leaf water contents was obtained either by sampling leaves in the field at different times of day and on days with differing evaporative demand, or by allowing evaporation from excised leaves in the laboratory, or by expressing sap by overpressurization in a pressure chamber. The first two methods gave very similar results, but the last tended to give rather lower water potentials at any given water content. A possible explanation for these results and their implications for the estimation of osmotic potentials using pressure-volume curves are discussed. Some osmotic adjustment was observed in trees droughted for 3 months, with estimated osmotic potentials, both at full turgor and zero turgor, being nearly 0-3 MPa lower than in irrigated controls.


The composite photocatalyst WO3-TiO2 is prepared by sol-gel methoed.The photocatalytic degradation of WO3-TiO2 for Eosin Dye Y has been researched.The effect of PH,the amount of catalyst and amount of H2O2 have been investigated.The better conditions are the catalyst 0.15g/100mL and H2O2 2mL/100mL.


The e-commerce sector in India has experienced remarkable growth in recent years with many new players entering the market. Its heady growth has attracted a huge amount of private equity investments from both domestic and foreign investors. Most of the investment has been made by foreign private equity investors. The present study attempts to explore the economic factors that facilitated the unprecedented growth of foreign investment in the sector. We model the empirical analysis by treating the equity inflows of foreign players in e-commerce as amounts dependent on the variation in the number of mobile and internet subscribers at the aggregate level. The study uses the OLS regression model with the time series data for the period from 2000 to 2016. The econometric analysis reveals that both mobile subscriptions and internet subscriptions have a positive impact on the inflow of foreign investment in the Indian e-commerce sector. However, relatively, the impact is higher in the case of mobile subscribers than internet subscribers.


In recent publications on the morphology of Mycoplasma, these organisms were shown to be highly pleomorphic, varying in shape from roughly spherical to bizarre forms with long branched filaments (D. R. Anderson and M. F. Barile, J. Bacteriol. 90:180, 1965; J. B. Nelson and M. J. Lyons, J. Bacteriol. 90:1750, 1965). Some strains seemed to consist almost entirely of filamentous forms (D. R. Anderson and M. F. Barile, J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 36:161, 1966). The question has been discussed whether some of these filaments in negatively stained preparations might be artifacts produced by the drying of mycoplasmas in phosphotungstate acid. This possiblity has not been precluded by any detailed experiments which have been published. We therefore started an investigation of this problem by comparing negatively stained preparations of fixed and unfixed specimens. The Mycoplasma strain used in this study was the agent first described as a virus (Negroni, Brit. Med. J. 1:927, 1964), and subsequently discovered to be a mycoplasma (Girardi et al., Nature 205:188, 1965; Grist and Fallon, Brit. Med. J. 2:1263, 1964). It was recently identified as M. pulmonis (Fallon et al., Brit. Med. J. 2:388, 1965). It was grown in Brain Heart Infusion (Difco), supplemented with 1% yeast extract (Difco), 0.5% glucose, 0.2% Gelysate (BBL), and 20% horse serum. The strain was adapted to this medium by several passages at 48-hr intervals. For electron microscopy, broth cultures were centrifuged for 30 min at 6,500 X g. One part of the pellet was removed and suspended in several drops of 3% potassium phosphotungstic acid (PTA), pH 6.1 to 6.3. The remaining part of the pellet was suspended in 2 to 3 drops of 10% Formalin (in phosphate-buffered saline, pH 7.2). After fixation for 15 min at 22 C, PTA was added. Drops of the fixed or unfixed mixtures were placed on Formvar-coated grids. Excess fluid was removed after a few seconds by touching the side of the grid with filter paper. The airdried grids were examined with a SiemensElmiskop I electron microscope. In the unfixed preparation, the mycoplasmas had bizarre shapes with irregular outlines and long filaments (Fig. 1), whereas in the fixed part of the same pellet they were roughly spherical without any protrusion or filament (Fig. 2). A more detailed examination of the unfixed specimen revealed great variations in shape occurring on the same grid. In some areas a thick layer of PTA, containing highly distorted filamentous organisms, had dried onto the Formvar film. In other areas, where more PTA had heen removed, the mycoplasmas were roughly spherical, with only an occasional short filament. These observations clearly demonstrated that the filaments in unfixed preparations were artifacts caused by distortion during the drying process on the grid. Comparable results were obtained with viruses (Bonar et al., J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 30:949, 1963; Reuss et al., Zentr. Bakteriol. Parasitenk. Abt. I Orig., in press). Long filaments, closely resembling those in mycoplasma preparations, were shown emerging from stromalytic erythrocytes (Baker, J. Ultrastruct. Res. 11:494, 1964). The distorting effect of hypotonic solutions on mycoplasmas could be demonstrated in the following experiment. Sedimented mycoplasmas were suspended in distilled water and centrifuged for 30 min at 6,500 x g. The pellet was suspended in a drop of distilled water and fixed for 15 min with 10% Formalin. After negative staining, filaments were observed emerging from irregularly shaped organisms (Fig. 3). This result reveals that mycoplasma filaments can be produced by hypotonic effects and that fixed filaments withstand the negative staining procedure without alteration. Therefore, the conclusion seems to be justified that the spherical forms without filaments in fixed preparations give a better impression of the real morphology of the mycoplasmas than the pleomorphic forms observed in unfixed preparations.


Geo-Spatial Information Systems(GSIS) are being used in various urban municipalities as a tool in decision making. Efforts are being made to implement geo-spatial information system databases to systematically and effectively carry out planning, management and monitoring in various fields. This study is about the database establishment of geo-spatial information systems. The study was then applied to water supply facilities management, where the functions and data used in water management were identified through system analysis and the geo-spatial database was designed based on this analysis. Also four application programs were developed to support departments which used various maps and drawings.


In studies of low-frequency reverberation within the marine environment, a central concern is the relationship between reverberation events and morphological features of the seafloor. A time-domain migration algorithm for the reverberation intensity field is developed that produces scattering coefficient maps coregistered with a bathymetry database. The algorithm is tailored to broadband transient sources with good range resolution, and was developed to analyze an extensive set of reverberation records from a 200–255 Hz source collected on the flanks of the Mid-Atlantic ridge. The precise, sample-by-sample, tracking of wavefronts across elements of the bathymetry database that forms the foundation of the algorithms implementation results in reverberation maps that show a clear and detailed correlation between scattering and morphology with narrow scarp slopes consistently highlighted. Environmentally induced asymmetries in transmission loss and incidence angle are exploited to break the inherent left–righ...


Blockchain is a distributed ledger technology which provides a way to afford more transparency to our everyday systems by exposing all the interactions of the system as a bunch of transactions. Efficient and Effective Governance – this is the need of the day for any country or organization. This not only solves the current problems but also sets a clear path towards progress and development. Unfortunately, this might not be the case always. Progressive countries are always on the hunt to find technological solutions to their everyday problems. This paper discusses how Blockchain Technology might be able to tackle these problems and push the systems in the right direction. We discuss four problem use cases – intergovernmental trade, land registration, voting and Dubai smart city, and present how blockchain is working towards the problems surrounding them. Finally we look at some problems from the Indian perspective that could be addressed using the Distributed Ledger technology.


with sexual episodes involving incest between father and daughter and severe punishment by the family. These circumstances suggest that this is a case of hysteria, of tension and conflict related to the Oedipus complex-the precipitating condition being her new, uncomfortable role as a wife. The girl achieved certain secondary gains through her possessions. She aroused sympathy among her a~nes; her husband reduced his sexual demands, and her parents and other relatives rallied to her support. Other cases in the village show the possibility of a transition from hysterical spirit possession into a condition resembling schizophrenia. A tentative inference in the various cases is that difficulties involving relatives of the nuclear or joint family precede the event and affect persons in a weak or vulnerable position. Thus spirit possession may be thought of as a means of controlling relatives. Other situations of stress do not seem to call forth hysterical reactions, e.g. tension surrounding statewide examinations for college and high-school degrees, loss of employment, disputes or lawsuits over land, crop failure, theft, etc. The authors conclude that the behavior of persons possessed by spirits closely resembles hysteria. Their analysis of spirit possession in Shanti Nagar as compared with eastern Uttar Pradesh and Calcutta indicates that spirit possession as a form of illness is a basically uniform pattern in northern India, though regional variations do occur in behavior during an attack, e.g. whether non-relatives as well as close relatives are involved, the frequency with which accusations of witchcraft occur, and the readiness of people to attribute a wide variety of illness and misfortune to spirit possession.


Single-, double- and triple-resonance ionization in the 5s2 1S0? 5s5p 1P1 - 5s5d 1D2 - 5s11f 1F3 - Sr+ system of strontium was investigated to achieve an efficient and highly selective ionization scheme for ultra-trace detection of the radioisotope 90Sr. Isotope shifts and hyperfine structure for all stable isotopes of Sr were measured in all three resonant transitions. Good agreement with previous data was found in the 5s2 1S0 - 5s5p 1P1 transition and precision was improved by about one order of magnitude. Isotope shifts, including that for 90Sr, and hyperfine structure in the two- and three-photon transitions were measured for the first time. The double- and triple-resonance schemes were characterized with respect to their isotopic selectivity for detection of 90Sr. The double-resonance process offers an optical selectivity of 2-104, while unfavorable isotope shifts in the triple-resonance process limit it-s selectivity to {approx}100. Using double-resonance ionization combined with mass spectrometric detection, an overall detection efficiency of > 10-5, a selectivity > 1010, and a detection limit of 0.7 fg 90Sr in samples with a 1010 excess of stable Sr isotopes have been demonstrated.


Among the non-noble-metal electrocatalysts for the hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) in anion exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs), Ni-based nanoparticles have shown the highest reported activitie...


Accurate values of transport properties of electrons in water vapor at room temperature are calculated, over a wide range of E/${n}_{0}$ values, from a numerical solution of Boltzmann's equation via the momentum method introduced earlier [Phys. Rev. A 33, 2068 (1986); 34, 2185 (1986)]. The dominant features of the E/${n}_{0}$ dependence are explained using the approximate momentum-transfer theory. For the electron--water-vapor rotational interactions the Born-approximation cross sections of Y. Itikawa [J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 32, 217 (1972)] have been used to obtain satisfactory agreement with experiment.


Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is characterized by a significant loss of neurons and synapses, especially in the hippocampus and cortex, the extracellular β-amyloid accumulation and formation of neurofibrillary tangles. Insulin resistance plays important role in neurodegeneration and cognitive disorders in the central nervous system, especially AD. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms that connect insulin resistance and Alzheimer's pathogenesis remain largely unexplained. Therefore, great importance is the identification of molecular markers that allow to define new approaches to targeted pharmacological correction of neurodegeneration. This article describes the study of the expression of molecular markers, namely, IRAP, GLUT4, and IL-18 in different brain regions (hippocampus, olfactory bulb) rats with experimental AD


The aim of this study is to investigate how consumers react to decoy effect. Decoy effect is a phenomenon that an option added increases the favorable perceptions of similar, but superior, items in the choice set, which indicates that the preference of people can be changed by adding a decoy option. We then want to realize the impact of those factors on decoy effects, and the intensity of effects. SCIREA Journal of Management http://www.scirea.org/journal/Mathematics


Wall turbulence is a ubiquitous phenomenon in nature and engineering applications, yet predicting such turbulence is difficult due to its complexity. High-Reynolds-number turbulence, which includes most practical flows, is particularly complicated because of its wide range of scales. Although the attached-eddy hypothesis postulated by Townsend can be used to predict turbulence intensities and serves as a unified theory for the asymptotic behaviors of turbulence, the presence of attached structures has not been confirmed. Here, we demonstrate the logarithmic region of the turbulent intensity by identifying wall-attached structures of streamwise velocity fluctuations through direct numerical simulation of a moderate-Reynolds-number boundary layer. The wall-attached structures are self-similar and composed of multiple uniform momentum zones. The population density of the structures scales inversely with their height, which is reminiscent of the hierarchy of attached eddies. These findings suggest that the identified structures are prime candidates for Townsend's attached-eddy hypothesis and serve as conerstones for understanding the multiscale phenomena of high-Reynolds-number boundary layers.


Collection and analysis of network traffic are core technologies of network traffic measurement. Based on the Netfilter of Linux kernel space, a method to collect and analyze traffic in Linux kernel space was presented and implemented, which was able to monitor all the packets passing through the LAN and to carry out the state inspection of TCP. The experiment results show that the method is practical and efficient.


The publication of two high-level reports on the state of the Humanities in South Africa in recent months is in itself a historic event. If scholars in the Humanities and Social Sciences (HSS) had been concerned about the lack of appreciation and recognition by the government and senior decision-makers in the science system for their fields and disciplines, just the fact that these reports have been commissioned and published should go some way to allaying any fears of their imminent 'demise'. But of course the rationale behind these two studies is to be found in more serious concerns by scholars in these fields: that there are systematic biases in the national science and higher education system which explicitly (and sometimes not so explicitly) constrain, weaken and disadvantage the HSS. These concerns relate to matters of funding, publication support, expenditure on R&D, reward systems and many other key components of these systems.


Annual forages are widely grown in the U.S. during periods of drought. Many different crop choices are available in the inland Pacific Northwest, however they vary depending on latitude, elevation and specific climatic events during the season they are grown. For most low elevation valleys in southern Idaho and the Yellowstone and Bighorn valleys in southern Montana, warm-season dryland crops (sudangrass, sorghum-sudangrass hybrids, millet, etc.) are adapted and have high production potentials. In contrast, the annual crop choices for higher elevation, cooler areas in Idaho and most of Montana are limited to cereals and other cool-season crops. The key strategy for all producers who periodically need emergency forages is "drought anticipation" with proper planning and execution of an annual forage program. ACREAGE AND PRODUCTION OF ANNUAL DRYLAND FORAGES Acreage of dry hay from annual crops now considered as "alternative forages" in most states declined sharply after the introduction of tractors and mechanized field machinery. In Montana, the acreage has maintained at around 200,000 acres (Fig. 1). Due to persistent droughty conditions since the late 1990's, about 309,000 acres of cereal hay were harvested for 477,000 tons of hay annually. 0 100,000 200,000 300,000 400,000 500,000 600,000 700,000 19 29 19 33 19 37 19 41 19 45 19 49 19 53 19 57 19 61 19 65 19 69 20 01 20 05


The aim of this study was to establish a toxicologic profile of gold nanoparticles (AuNP) (surface plasmon resonance at 520 nm and average particle size 14 ± 2 nm) synthesized using novel polysaccharide porphyran isolated from marine red algae. The toxicology profile includes in vitro cytotoxicity and in vivo sub-acute oral toxicity study (OECD guideline 407) of porphyran-reduced AuNP. In vitro cytotoxicity study of porphyran-reduced AuNP (10, 50 or 100 µM) was carried out employing normal monkey kidney cell line (VERO), which demonstrated a nontoxic nature of nanoparticles. Further, in vivo sub-acute oral toxicity study was performed with three different doses of AuNP (375, 750, and 1500 ppm kg−1 day−1) in Wistar rats up to 28 days. Results revealed that porphyran-reduced AuNP did not produce any body weight, hematological or biochemical abnormalities in rats. Hence, data indicated that porphyran-reduced AuNP can be considered as potential safe vehicles for drug delivery application.


Complicated grief reactions are relatively common following spousal bereavement. Old age spousal loss qualifies as a possible traumatic stressor, however, PTSD as a possible complication of the loss has rarely been explored in this population. This study aimed to investigate the frequency of PTSD in elderly bereaved people across the first 18 months of bereavement. Additionally, risk factors for the prediction of bereavement outcome in relation to four domains of the bereavement process were investigated. Data was collected via self-report questionnaires measuring traumatic stress (HTQ), coping style (CSQ), crisis support (CSS), and personality (e.g. NEO-FFI). Elderly bereaved people (N=296, Mean=73 years) participated at two, six, 13, and 18 months post loss. The comparison group consisted of married elderly people who had experienced at least one significant loss (N=276, Mean=70 years). The frequency of PTSD within the spousal bereaved group was high (16%) compared to the comparison group (4%) and remained stable across time. Each individual domain included in the current analysis was a predictor of PTSD 18 months post loss. Most predictors remained stable across time. A hierarchical regression analysis of the four domains predicted 49% of the variance, indicating a considerable overlap between the domains. Only one predictor, early posttraumatic distress, remained significant. The results confirm that loss of a spouse in old age is traumatic for some and that the effects of the loss remain over the first 18 months post loss. The results therefore underline the importance of further investigation into PTSD in the elderly bereaved.


Pathogenic bacteria are responsible for a significant number of food poisonings in humans through infected poultries. The main objective of this study was to assess the effect of transportation of chicken carcasses at 18-24, 4-5, and 10-14 oC on the bacterial loads of Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella species, and Escherichia coli. This study was conducted on 180 fresh chicken carcasses (1197.0±19.88 g) randomly collected from a commercial poultry processing plant in southern Tehran, Iran, in a hot season in 2015. The sampling was performed at two stages, namely post-chilled washing and after 4 h of transportation. In the latter stage, the samples were selected from three vehicles with three types of temperatures. These vehicles included a pickup (18-24 oC), a refrigerated car (4-5 oC), and a refrigerated vehicle with switched off refrigerator (10-14 oC). According to the results, the whole body carcass samples transported at the pickup temperature had the highest mean total count (18.63×106±2.82×106 cfu.ml-1) and was greater (P<0.05) than the standard limit (5×106). On the other hand, the samples carried by the vehicle with switched off refrigerator had the lowest total count (0.65±0.04×106 cfu.ml-1). Similar results were obtained for S. aureus; accordingly, it reached the maximum (333.0±30.73 cfu.ml-1) at 18-24 oC, which was lower than the national standard limit even after 4 h of transportation. In addition, the cfu values for the total count and S. aureus sampled from the chicken carcasses were lower than the national standard level even after 4 h of carcass transportation, with the exception of Salmonella spp. at the three vehicle temperatures and E. coli at the pickup temperature. It was suggested that the transportation temperature of less than 10-14 oC could not affect the fresh chicken carcass to be contaminated with S. aureus and E. coli.


PURPOSE
To describe the outcome of infants with a histologically confirmed diagnosis of malignant mesenchymal tumor (MMT) included in the International Society of Paediatric Oncology studies MMT 84 and MMT 89.

PATIENTS AND METHODS
One hundred two infants (< or = 12 months old) were included. Twenty-four children were less than 3 months old, and 16 were less than 1 month old. Sixty-four patients had rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), 26 had undifferentiated sarcoma, and 12 had other histology. Clinical TNM stage was stage I (41%), II (39%), III (6%), and IV (14%). First-line treatment was ifosfamide, vincristine, dactinomycin, whereas the second-line combination consisted of either cisplatin and doxorubicin (in MMT 84) or vincristine, carboplatin, etoposide/teniposide (in MMT 89). Chemotherapy doses were adapted to age. Local therapy was conservative surgery as often as possible.

RESULTS
After a median follow-up of 7.8 years (range, 0.1 to 13 years), 5-year overall survival (OS) and event-free survival rates were 66% and 55% for the total study population and 72% and 60% for nonmetastatic patients, respectively. Only two of 13 stage IV patients survived. Sixty-seven percent of newborn infants survived. Infants with alveolar subtype had a poorer survival than those with non-RMS MMT or nonalveolar RMS (5-year OS, 37% v 75% or 82%, respectively; P = .002). When compared with older children with MMT, young age does not seem to be an important prognostic factor.

CONCLUSION
OS was satisfactory even when local treatment was not aggressive, although the prognosis was poor for infants with alveolar RMS or metastatic tumors. Chemotherapy toxicity was manageable with appropriate dose modification.


A method of operating a thermo-chemical heat accumulator (2) proposed generated at the by a loading (100) of the thermo-chemical heat accumulator (2), a first water vapor (40) and a heat exchanger (4) is supplied, wherein the first water vapor ( 40) (by means of the heat exchanger 4) to an at least partial discharge of its thermal energy at least partially to water (41) is condensed and in which the water (41) is then put under pressure. According to the invention the pressurized water (41) to the heat exchanger (4) is recycled and evaporated to an at least partially receiving the discharged before the thermal energy at least partially to the second water vapor (42), said second steam (42) at least partially in a vapor storage (8 , 9) is stored.


The absolute stereostructures of the hallucinogenic diterpenes salvinorin A and B have been unambiguously determined by the use of the non-empirical exciton chirality circular dichroism method on their 1α,2α-diol dibenzoate derivative.


The rapid development of information technology has brought new opportunities for the Internet Plus initiative. Meanwhile, the requirements of Internet Plus technologies, industries, and applications are difficult to satisfy by the current Internet Plus standards; therefore, an Internet Plus standards system needs to be constructed. This study aims to conduct theoretical research on the construction of the Internet Plus standards system. It analyzes the current status of general standards for key technologies, integration standards, and sub-sector standards systems related to Internet Plus and summarizes the problems facing future development. A preliminary plan for the Internet Plus standards system is proposed, covering six aspects: general standards, security, common support, service integration, guidelines and evaluation, and application. To meet the standardization needs of sub-sectors such as collaborative manufacturing, modern agriculture, smart energy, people-benefiting services, intelligent transportation, and green ecology, specific recommendations are proposed for Internet Plus standards formulation as well as its application and promotion mechanisms. Furthermore, effective pilot demonstration, scientific talent training, and a sound long-term mechanism are the effective guarantee for the Internet Plus standardization practice.


A single unsupervised algorithm called lexical context deconvolution (LCD) is proposed to discover the semantic categories (senses) of polysemous words (those with more than one meaning) and the syntactic categories (parts of speech) of ambiguous words (those with more than one part of speech), relying solely on training with raw and unannotated text. No dictionaries, part-of-speech lexicons, stop-word lists, etc., are required or used. The knowledge about semantic and syntactic categories is acquired by collecting statistics from the lexical contexts in which words are found. The method first finds compact clusters of semantically similar words, which are assumed to represent the different semantic categories present in training texts. Discovering a given polysemous word's semantic categories is then treated as a problem of deconvolution. A target word's cooccurrence feature vector is assumed to be a linear combination of the categories' cooccurrence feature vectors. Thus a word's semantic categories are discovered by finding the non-negative least-squares solution to the system of linear equations formed by the word's and the categories' cooccurrence feature vectors. Finding syntactic categories of a word is accomplished by changing the word's feature vectors from cooccurrences to n-grams; every other part of the algorithm remains unchanged.


The creation of institutional or thematic information repositories, in our day is the key to access to scientific production freely and openly. Therefore, access to information through information repositories is favored by the initiatives proposed by the Open Access (AA). To create a repository of information in the context of the philosophy of AA is important to have guidelines, they are intended as a general guide to the basics aspect which details the steps necessary to create a repository. This paper presents guidelines for building thematic repositories from the following reference points: purpose, functions, policies and activities. Although there is consensus about that the thematic repositories were the first to appear, there is little information about the development and management of thematic repositories compared with the breadth of information achieved by institutional repositories


Resumen en: Phenotypic selection generally reduces the variability of both the selected trait and other associated characteristics. Some species show a negative stro...


The modern blood bank came into existence less than fifty years ago as one of the byproducts of knowledge gained during the second world war. The blood banks then could supply only two products as compared to the modern blood bank which is capable of supplying over 17 highly specialized blood cormponents. This paper reviews the history and progress made in the transfusion of blood and its components and makes specific r ecommendations for the proper use of packed red blood cells, platelets, white cells and fresh frozen plasma (JPMA 37: 13, 1987).


Dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) was employed to degrade the sulfur-containing compound dimethyl disulfide (DMDS, CH3SSCH3) in a gas flow system at atmospheric pressure. Destruction of dimethyl disulfide was investigated at different residence times, inlet concentrations and voltages. A kinetic model was developed to simulate the degradation of DMDS via DBD. Reaction mechanisms are discussed based on the products seen in FT-IR spectra. The main products were CO2, SO2 and H2O. For optimal experimental conditions (gas residence time of 0.067 s, applied voltage of 7500 V, inlet volume of Q=8.4 m3·h-1 and DMDS concentration of 80 mg·m-3), we observed a 64.3% destruction efficiency, 2.26×10-2 L· s-1·W-1 unit decomposition volume and 430 mg·h-1 absolute removal amount.