Wafer Level Chip Scale Package (WLCSP) is fast growing package choice for many mobile applications owing to its small footprint, high electrical performance and relatively lower cost compared to conventional Flip Chip or Wire Bond package. In WLCSP process, it involves multi-layer of repassivation material coating, develop, exposure and metal deposition, plating and etching. In the beginning, descum process is being introduced to remove repassivation residue (i.e. scum) at opening. Typical descum process applies oxygen (O2) into vacuum chamber which is then being ionized and becomes plasma. The O2 plasma gas is able to bind with the scum and remove it by chemical reduction. This will ensure consistent repassivation opening dimension. In latter stage, descum process is also being developed for surface treatment and surface cleaning purpose. To achieve that, other gas like nitrogen (N2) is found to be more effective than O2 gas. N2 gas after ionized will not react with organic or metal surface, but it will bombard the surface and remove a few hundred angstroms thickness of repassivation thickness and caused both repassivation and copper surface to be rougher. Hence by applying descum process, it is able to remove some metal residues that are bonded into repassivation surface, which is difficult to be removed by wet etch process. With rougher repassivation and metal surface, it will also improve their interfacial adhesion. In this paper, we will discuss the importance of descum process in reducing leakage current to achieve low variability in device performance.


Well-preserved Early Carboniferous radiolarian faunas were recovered from carbonate concretions and phosphate nodules of the Delle Phosphatic Member (DPM) of the Woodman Formation, Utah, USA. A series of faunal assemblages was recognized from 18 samples at the type section, from two samples along a road section in the South Lakeside Mountains, and from one sample from the Sheeprock Mountains. The faunas contain more than 22 genera and 66 species; one genus, Plenosphaera, and 21 species are new. The faunas can be differentiated into seven assemblages (DPM 1-7). These assemblages can be assigned to the Albaillella deflandrei, A. perforata, A. indensis-Spongodiscus rota, A. riescheidensis, Scharfenbergia plenospongiosa, A. cartalla, and Scharfenbergia concentrica Zones of Europe. Except for two assemblages, DPM 6-7, all the other assemblages are the first known Osagean assemblages in North America. The species composition of the DPM assemblages is unique; more or less half of the species that occur in each assemblage are new species or new morphotypes. Therefore, the faunal composition of the seven assemblages differs significantly from their European counterparts and from previously known American assemblages. The remarkable difference in the species composition may be due to the different bioprovinces. The paleolatitude of Utah during the Lower Carboniferous is known to have been equatorial, while that of the other localities were at higher latitudes. The much higher ratio of surface area/volume of individuals in the DPM compared to those of previously reported coeval radiolarians from other provinces supports the idea that the Deseret Basin (in which the DPM was deposited) was situated at the equator during the Lower Carboniferous.


The detecting capability of fuze in complicated electromagnetic environment is determined by signal-noise ratio(SNR)of the echo,and improving SNR is the key problem in fuze design.In this paper an self-adaptive noise-cancellation technique is studied to denoise the main channel refrenced by the noise of background channel.The simulation result shows the SNR can be improved to 14 dB.


In the catalogue there are twelve Norbertine cloisters founded in the 12 th and 13 th centuries with brief information about the history of the foundation, all arranged in alphabetical order. Next, there is a list in chronological order of the architecture and items of medieval interior furnishings from the churches as well as illuminated books that have been preserved and are known from bibliographies. Each note includes the date when the work of art came into existence, the material and dimensions, also the place where it is now, a short description and the most important bibliography where it is mentioned.


The goal of this study was an investigation of the relationship between working memory capacity and individual differences in frontal-midline theta. In dependence on prior research, it was assumed that (1) frontal-midline theta power increases with increasing memory load (n) on a working memory task and (2) that this increase would only be visible for individuals with a high working memory capacity as opposed to individuals with a low working memory capacity. In order to test these hypotheses, the current study employed the Sternberg Task as a working memory task and the OSPAN as a working memory capacity measurement in a similar approach as Zakrzewska and Brzezicka (2014). Results did not yield support for both hypotheses. Mental load was successfully manipulated, and mental effort induced by means of the Sternberg Task with focus on retrieval and comparison processes. The mental effort produced by these processes alone seemed not able to induce an increase in frontal-midline theta from a lower to a higher load. These results might suppose a difference in increase of frontal-midline theta for isolated mental processes and mixed mental processes such as seemingly employed in the study of Zakrzewska and Brzezicka (2014). Hence, mental effort might not only be manipulated by memory load (n) but further by mixed mental processes.


The present invention provides: applicator and container for applying a solution onto the eyelid to form a double eyelid, comprising: administering tools eyelid and eyelid topical solution in said container, said solution consisting of a solvent and a base; wherein the solvent consists of ethanol and the solution is 75 mass% or more, and the substrate material is dissolved in the solvent, when applied to the eyelids, with vaporization of the solvent is formed on adhesion content of the coating film on the skin of the eyelid, the base material accompanied by the above-described fibrous material vaporized solvent composition is contracted, the fibrous material is nitrocellulose and the fibrous material in the solvent is 5% by mass to 25% by mass; and the shrink film with the fibrous material is adhered to the skin of the upper eyelid contractions.


The article covers the problem of development of modern low-rise urban development through the effective placement of residential districts and settlements in the settlement system of the country. The formation of cities and residential units is closely connected with the creation of a harmonious with nature and comfortable for living environment on the basis of historical and cultural traditions of Russian cities, as well as the development of the idea of a garden city in Russia and its implementation in the late XIX-early XX century. In the third millennium low-rise urban development was reborn through the use of innovative urban development, architectural and engineering solutions. The authors propose the idea of creating affordable and comfortable low-rise residential development of cities by forming life-providing elements of settlement (LES) in the territory of Russia as a revival of historical and cultural traditions of Russian architecture.


The beta cell is not only able to produce and secrete insulin, but also makes this secretion is at the right time and in the right amount. Postprandial glucose elevations produce an acute secretory response in the beta cell, but in certain diseases such as diabetes mellitus, the scene changes dramatically, resulting in dysfunction, characterized by an altered secretion process and multiple phenotypic changes. In these, nutrients like glucose and fatty acids are chronically elevated, becoming toxic substances that can lead to death of the beta cell itself. Therefore, any therapeutic approach to cure this disease must face the need to replace or avoid this cell decline, it is imperative to mention the role of oral hypoglycemic agents as inhibitors of DPP-4 and analogs of the GLP-1 in protection against failure of the s cell mass.


Our Party has been paying attention to selecting,training and educating cadres,especially leading cadres,attaching importance to improving their leading ability,level and quality,and has established a series of compehensive,systematical and scientifical theories and policies of selecting,training,educating and assessing leading cadres.At present,enhancing the education of cadres is an important task of strengthening the construction of our Party.Strengthening construction of our Party does not only embody the expression of the indication of our Party' s work,but also becomes the main work of our Party.Based on our long-term experience and practice of working in institutions of higher education,we put forward" Eight Standing Principles and Eight Oppositing Points" in order to explain the importance and necessity of establishing correct consciousness,opposing mistaking tendentiousness and improving the leading quality of our cadres.


AIM
To determine if reduced fetal growth in infants of opioid-dependent mothers prescribed methadone maintenance in pregnancy is explained by cigarette smoking or socio-economic deprivation.

DESIGN
Retrospective cohort study.

SETTING
Inner-city maternity unit in Scotland.

PARTICIPANTS
A total of 366 singleton infants of methadone-prescribed opioid-dependent mothers compared with the Scottish birth population (n=103 366) as a whole.

MEASUREMENTS
Primary outcome measures were birth weight and head circumference.

FINDINGS
In infants of methadone-prescribed opioid-dependent mothers mean birth weight was 259 g [95% confidence interval (CI) 214-303 g; P<0.0001] less, and mean head circumference 1.01 cm (95% CI 0.87-1.15 cm; P<0.0001) less than in controls, allowing for gestation, cigarette smoking, area deprivation, infant sex and maternal age and parity. This represents an adjusted difference of -0.61 (95% CI -0.52--0.71; P<0.0001) Z-score in mean birth weight and -0.77 (95% CI -0.66--0.89; P<0.0001) Z-score in mean head circumference.

CONCLUSIONS
Reduced fetal growth in infants of opioid-dependent mothers prescribed methadone maintenance in pregnancy is not fully explained by cigarette smoking, area deprivation, maternal age or parity.


Dividing the development stage and grasping the best time to transition are significant for resource-based cities (RBCs). However, there is still a lack of research on how to judge the developmental stage of RBCs through objective indicators of urban development. Identifying the developmental stage of RBCs relies heavily on the researcher's subjective judgment. Based on nighttime light data, this study utilizes the urban center primacy ratio as a unique indication of the growth stage of RBCs. This method is more detailed and objective than studies that define stages of development based on socio-economic indicators. It provides a fresh viewpoint on the stages of urban life cycle development. Based on the mining economy's development cycle, the proportion of mining employees at 3.9% and 44.9% can be used to divide RBCs into growth, maturity, recession, and regeneration periods, with 3.9% serving as the dividing line between RBCs and non-RBCs. In addition, when an RBC reaches maturity, a particular range of the urban center primacy ratio has a positive correlation with the GDP growth rate and is negatively correlated outside of that range. This indicates that this period is crucial for the shift from agglomeration diseconomy to agglomeration economy. The government and social institutions can use this period to drive the economic transformation of RBCs through various policies and actions.


Abstract Drawing on Jacques Rancière and Engin F. Isin, this essay discusses the success of a citizen-led mobilisation in rural Montenegro that eschewed the country's predominant ethnopolitical identity cleavages by using innovative repertoires of contention. As a result, this grassroots movement unintentionally brought into being a transcendent political subjectivity that was based on civic principles rather than ethnic values. The essay explores how the Beranselo movement embodied a democratic practice radically different from already available institutional practice of politics, in the process transforming the local ethnos into a demos and creating a dynamic of cross-ethnic, civic-minded mobilisation, organisation, and solidarity.


There is a widespread belief that the global land‐mine problem can be solved using a combination of advanced robotics, sophisticated sensors and powerful computing devices. Recent research results suggest that this confidence is misplaced. There is little likelihood of sensing improvements in the short‐term and all the proposed robotic solutions are too expensive to be practical for humanitarian demining operations in countries like Angola, Afghanistan and Cambodia. However, simple equipment improvements and low‐cost robotic devices might provide some useful improvements in safety and cost‐effectiveness in the short‐ to medium‐term. Reviews contributions in robotics and sensing technology, and proposes some practical directions for future work.


Recently, an increasing attention has been paid to the productivity and propagation of grey mullet " Mugil cephalus ". In view of the fact that the steroidogenic hormones play a key role in fish maturation and production of fertile ova, the present work was planned to determine and investigate the steroidogenic cells in the testes of grey mullet, and thence to determine their levels of activities during its maturing cycle, aiming at making use of the obtained data in fish breeding and culture. Mature males of M. cephalus were obtained from the natural habitat (Al Bardawil Lagoon). Cytochemical and ultrastructural investigations were performed for the steroidogenic cells containing 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. Five developmental stages were quite distinguishable in M. cephalus males during the testicular cycle: immature stage, stimulating spermatogenesis, rapid spermatogenesis, mature or ripe, and spent stages. The electron microscopy showed that the interstitial (Leydig), lobular bounding, and Sertoli cells inspected during rapid spermatogenesis displayed prominent lipid droplets and cytoplasmic organoids typical of protein-synthesizing cells (i.e. rough endoplasmic reticulum, abundant ribosomes, and distinct Golgi apparatus). In addition, Sertoli cells, in particular, possessed certain microtubules that are known to serve in transporting metabolites. Furthermore, the testes examined after spawning (spent ones) by electron microscope have designated that Sertoli cells, as well as some Leydig cells, had been changed into phagocytic ones to get ride from the non-ejaculated sperm cells. In conclusion, the present results could be very valuable in the problems concerning fish maturation in captivity.


Manish Goswami and Narendra Jawali*Molecular Biology Division, Bhabha Atomic ResearchCentre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, IndiaKeywords: antioxidants, ascorbic acid, protection, susceptibility*Corresponding author. Tel: þ91-22-25595078; Fax: þ91-22-25505326; E-mail: email@example.com,We have previously established that antioxidants such as gluta-thione and ascorbic acid protect Escherichia coli against theantibacterial activity of fluoroquinolone and aminoglycosidegroups of antibiotics.


SUBTITLE: WILL CHINA AND KOREA AGREE ON HOW TO BUILD A REGIONAL JET OR WILL EACH PARTNER'S AMBITIONS GET IN THE WAY?: WHOEVER WINS, OUTSIDERS WANT TO PLAY A SUPPORTING ROLE.


As an important mode of e-commerce, C2C has become a trading mechanism favored by consumers. However, for C2C transaction in a virtual environment, there is an issue of congenital transaction asymmetry, leading to increased uncertainties and transaction risks as well as credit speculation, false transactions and other credit problems. These problems not only affect the development of enterprises to a large extent, but also hinder the development of e-commerce ultimately. In order to guarantee the safety of both transaction parties, it is particularly important to establish a sound credit evaluation system for shopping sites. Through the analysis of the shortcomings of the existing C2C e-commerce credit evaluation model, this paper proposes a two-way e-commerce credit evaluation model based on the C2C mode. Firstly, a cross-platform two-way credit rating center with a unified rating standard was constructed; secondly, the credit evaluation indicator was reset and revised; then the credit rating of buyers and sellers was unified by combining fuzzy comprehensive evaluation algorithm and


Slow-mode waves have been observed to appear frequently in front of the dayside magnetopause. It is found based on two-dimensional global MHD simulations that slow-mode waves are generated through the interaction between the bow shock and various MHD waves (fast-mode, Alfven-mode, or slow-mode waves) in the upstream solar wind. The generated slow-mode waves stay in front of the magnetopause for a long time (over 15 minutes) before the wave energy is convected away tailward. Since various waves are often present in the solar wind, this mechanism may lead to the frequent appearance of slow-mode waves in front of the magnetopause.


A TE-pass polarizer is proposed based on asymmetrical directional couplers on the TFLN platform. The measured insertion losses of < -0.4dB over a bandwidth of 60nm and PER = 25dB at 1550nm are obtained.


In this paper we analyze empirically the consequence of the global financial crisis in the Chilean economy. We estimate a small open economy DSGE model extended to incorporate financial frictions. Our results indicate that financial shocks played a major role in explaining the downturn in activity in Chile in 2009. Other domestic shocks, such as demand or productivity shocks did not have a relevant impact during this period. Using the estimated model, and the inferred shocks, we analyze the consequences of alternative policy rules. In particular, we consider a rule that reacts more aggressively to output fluctuations, and another that incorporates a systematic policy response to financial market innovations. The conclusion of these exercises is that in both cases monetary policy would have been more efficient at avoiding the contraction in activity. In doing so, the fall in inflation would have been less and the equilibrium nominal interest rate would have fall by less. This implies that the risk of reaching the zero lower bound for the interest rate would have been muted. ∗Preliminary version. Comments are welcome. We are grateful to Jorge Fornero for useful discussions and to Mario Giarda for excellent research assistance. †firstname.lastname@example.com ‡firstname.lastname@example.com §firstname.lastname@example.com


Mice of two genotypes were exposed, at one of eight ages, to 2 min of a 124‐dB SPL, 8–16 kHz octave band noise. In both genotypes threshold shifts (TS) of evoked cochlear microphonics (CM) and action potentials (AP) were not observed when exposure occurred at 12 days of age, were maximal in 30–36 day exposed mice, and declined with increasing age. TS was greater for AP than for CM, with higher frequencies most severely affected. CBA mice were more severely affected than C57BL/6 mice. In CBA mice, susceptibility to TS paralleled susceptibility to acoustic priming for audiogenic seizures. Exposure at 30–36 days had no immediate observable behavioral effect. But re‐exposing these mice 5 days later caused them all to convulse, with 87% of them dying. In contrast, susceptibility to acoustic priming for the C57BL/6 peaked sharply at 18 days of age, not corresponding to its age of peak cochlear susceptibility. Genetically determined differences of auditory brainstem function were hypothesized to account for thes...


The report looks at the major principles of the Convention to Combat Desertification (CCD), and recognizes that the role of the World Bank dry-land portfolio, and country assistance strategies (CASs) in affected countries, needs to be defined in a clear framework, and, that the development of a sustainable land management strategy would help mainstream the CCD into Bank activities. Moreover, recognizing that this role must also facilitate, and complement other interventions, selected initiatives were launched to foster partnerships in support of the CCD. Lending activities in land degradation are reviewed, as well as the financing through the Global Environment Facility (GEF), and non-lending activities. The report focuses on the assistance to affected countries, namely in Africa, which led to initiatives to address regional economic, and social implications, i.e., development of a new African Rural Strategy and Action plan; a joint effort by GEF, implementing agencies, and the Bank, to coordinate the Integrated Land and Water Management Action Plan, to reverse degradation in Africa; and, proposal for an Accelerated Soil Fertility Initiative, and Competitive Fund. Finally, the challenges ahead are examined, addressing the need to build commitment, and capacity, to further internalize the CCD into the Bank's activities.


In order to optimize the gathering system and reduce the energy consumption in the production, single-pipe concatenation process has been widely used after the tertiary oil recovery technique is applied and development enters into high water cut stage in the oilfield. Aiming at condensate oil in gathering pipeline and obvious increase of the high circle pressure wells in the operation of the process, the adaption relationship between oil gathering pipeline size and flow, as well as the temperature limit of the gathering system start are studied, through the hydraulic and thermodynamic calculations of oil-gas-water multiphase flow. It has directive function for making effective schemes to solve the production problems caused by the high back pressure of wells.


In 1988, ASCE published its \IManual of Professional Practice: Quality in the Constructed Project\N in an effort to present guidelines for quality engineering design and construction. Publication of the manual has aroused much interest and comment in the construction industry. An undergraduate professional development course based on the manual was conducted in the spring of 1989 at Tulane University. The course was presented in a seminar format, and featured panelists representing the interests of owners, designers, and contractors. The sessions were open to the design community and were well attended by professional engineers. Panelists presented their own views on topics from the manual and responded to questions and comments from the audience. Written comments were collected from students and professionals in attendance. This paper summarizes the course sessions and presents a summary evaluation of the manual based on these comments from seminar participants.


dvdauthor is an excellent low-level free tool for video DVD authoring on Unix systems. However, it doesn't provide a convenient way for drawing the menu background and buttons. We present dvdmenuauthor, a collection of scripts for automated DVD authoring with menus. dvdmenuauthor uses pdfLATEX macros for menu composition, Xpdf for menu rendering, and dvdauthor for DVD filesystem authoring.


TO THE EDITOR: I read with a great deal of interest the article about piroxicam and doxepin by Cohn and co-workers in the March issue.1 Many of us in oncologic practice are familiar with the efficacy of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents as well as tricyclic antidepressant therapy for relief of cancer pain. These authors, however, point out that 17 of the 30 patients treated with the regimen ofpiroxicam and doxepin ultimately required supplemental narcotics for adequate pain control and 6 patients abandoned therapy altogether because of severe side effects. Thus, their regimen was at least no better and perhaps worse than narcotic analgesics in 23 out of their 30 patients or 76% of their trial group. In addition, a notorious error in the design of pain management trials is the omission of a placebo control group, which was also lacking here. I think therefore that the authors can hardly be justified in their conclusion that therapy with piroxicam and doxepin was both safe and efficacious. JAMES PELTON, MD Assistant Professor, Radiation Oncology University of Washington Seattle, WA 98195


The Cook Pigtail central venous catheter (CVC) has been designed to diminish the risk of vascular perforation and consequent cardiac tamponade. With the participation of 12 consultant anaesthetists and 19 registrars, adults undergoing elective surgery were randomized to receive either a Pigtail (n=101) or their consultant anaesthetists' "standard" CVC (n=102). Median ease of insertion was rated 8 for Pigtail CVCs and 9 for standards (10 being best; P=0.001). Arrhythmias occurred during 16 standard and 33 Pigtail central venous catheter insertions (P<0.006). No significant difference was found in insertion time or radiographically assessed tip depth for standard and Pigtail central venous catheters. A perforated right atrium of uncertain cause occurred in a patient who received an Arrow triple-lumen central venous catheter. Participating consultant anaesthetists preferred their "standard" central venous catheter for routine use, but five indicated that they would select a Cook Pigtail where long-term use was planned because of in vitro evidence of its greater safety.


The aim of this study was to compare the predominant attachment styles of 100 university students (50 men and 50 women) who were in a couple relationship lasting from 2 to 5 years. The instrument used was an adaptation of a scale that evaluates attachment styles (secure attachment, anxious attachment and avoidant attachment) in couple relationships (Marquez, Rivera and Reyes, 2009). Results show no significant differences between the attachment styles in relation to gender, however, positive correlations were found between anxious and avoidant attachment. In addition, anxious attachment style predominates in both male and female participants, with a minor difference also presenting significant scores in the avoidant attachment style.


The design of low-frequency sound absorbers with broadband absorption characteristics and optimized dimensions is a pressing research problem in engineering acoustics. In this work, a deep neural network based inverse prediction mechanism is proposed to geometrically design a Helmholtz resonator (HR) based acoustic absorber for low-frequency absorption. Analytically obtained frequency response from electro-acoustic theory is deployed to create the large dataset required for training and testing the deep neural network. The trained convolutional neural network inversely speculates optimum design parameters corresponding to the desired absorption characteristics with high fidelity. To validate, the inverse design procedure is initially implemented on a standard HR based sound absorber model with high accuracy. Thereafter, the inverse design strategy is extended to forecast the optimum geometric parameters of an absorber with complex features, which is realized using HRs and a micro-perforated panel. Subsequently, a quasi-perfect low-frequency acoustic absorber having minimum thickness and broadband characteristics is deduced. Importantly, it is demonstrated that the proposed absorber, comprising four parallel HRs and a microperforated panel, absorbed more than 90% sound in the frequency band of 347–630 Hz. The introduced design process reveals a wide variety of applications in engineering acoustics as it is suitable for tailoring any sound absorber model with desirable features.


Moisture transmission through textiles has a great influence on the thermo-physiological comfort of the human body which is maintained by perspiring both in vapour and liquid form. The clothing to be worn should allow this perspiration to be transferred to the atmosphere in order to maintaining the thermal balance of the body. Diffusion, absorption-desorption and convection of vapour perspiration along with wetting and wicking of liquid perspiration play a significant role in maintaining thermo-physiological comfort. The scientific understanding of the processes involved in moisture transmission through textiles and the factors affecting these processes are important to designing fabrics and clothing assemblies with efficient moisture transfer in different environment and workload conditions. This paper is in two parts. Part I focuses on the moisture transmission through textile materials and it discusses the processes involved in moisture transmission and the key influencing factors at play to maintaining comfort. It is underlined that the processes which play the major role in moisture transmission in a particular situation are dependant on the moisture content of the fabric, the type of material used, the perspiration rate and the atmospheric conditions, such as humidity, temperature and wind speed. Part II is concerned with the selection of the measurement techniques which are of great importance in determining fabric factors that influence comfort. The instruments and methods used for testing purposes should adequately simulate the exact conditions for which the fabric will be used, in order to determine the effectiveness of that fabric for a particular wearing situation and environmental condition. The testing methods used and the apparatus developed by different researchers for determining moisture transmission through textiles by different mechanisms are discussed in this paper. Moreover, this part of the paper deals with the mathematical models of liquid and vapour transport through textile materials developed by several scientists in order to understand the exact phenomena involved and to predict the factors affecting the transmission under a particular condition. When designing the comfort of a clothing product for a particular application, the requirements may result from needs concerning the application, the individual wearer and the environmental conditions.


In a tropical ranch of animal production, which was divided by fire lines into 20 equal grazing paddocks of one mile square each, a grazing experiment was conducted as controlled rotational grazing with forty-five (45) cross-bred Sudanese improved Baggara cattle which were divided into four feeding systems (groups). A drop in condition scores of the farm cattle stock herd was treated during dry summer by supplementary feeding with four types of supplements to investigate the changes in average body weight changes, heart girth and condition scores, through dry summer, wet summer and winter seasons. The results showed that, animals of group three (G3) which supplemented with groundnut cake performed better in all body parameters under study when compared with group one (G1) and group two (G2) being supplemented with groundnut haulm, Stover respectively and group four (G4) which was kept under natural grazing as control group (Natural grazing alone) which reveals the worse body measurement traits performance under study. The effect of seasonal changes showed a significant difference (P < 0.05) between the seasons in average body weight in groundnut cake supplements both in dry and wet summer obtained better average body weight (162.53 Kg and 174.56 Kg respectively) than in groundnut haulm (in dry and wet summer -143.60 Kg and 163.50 Kg respectively), Stover supplements and natural grazing (controlled) groups. The results also showed that, the heart girth and condition score were significantly different (P < 0.05) between the treatments in wet summer and winter. While showing no significant difference between the treatments in dry summer, group supplemented with groundnut cake during the dry summer reported better performance in condition scores than other groups.


Li Kuixian hold that lyricism is the essential element of poetry.According to the theory and creative practice of poetry,the paper analyses his viewpoint of lyricism and point out the developing course of his poetry,and systematically dicusses his unique mien on art.As a realism poet,his theory and practice is representative in Taiwan.


Existing Australian postgraduate degree programmes are discussed and the characteristics of an ideal Ph.D. are given. Recent survey information reveals strong differences in attitudes, training and aspirations of engineering Ph.D.'s from those in the pure sciences. It is suggested that existing engineering Ph.D. programmes need only relatively minor change to make significant improvements in the industrial adaptability of the higher graduates. Major emphasis is placed on the importance of the supervisor and a scheme ensuring regular industrial involvement by supervisors is outlined.


We analyze the recently discovered phenomena in elastic proton–proton scattering at the LHC, challenging the standard Regge-pole theory: the low-| t | "break" (departure from the exponential behavior of the diffraction cone), the accelerating rise with energy of the forward slope B ( s, t = 0) , absence of secondary dips and bumps on the cone, and the role of the odderon in the forward phase of the amplitude, ρ (13 TeV ) = 0 . 1 ± 0 . 01 and, especially, its contribution at the dip region, measured recently by TOTEM. Relative contributions from different components to the scattering amplitude are evaluated from the fitted model.


The technology of real-time monitoring and scientific evaluation of important bridges becomes more and more robust with the rapid development such as intelligent sensors,signal analysis and system programming.Design scheme of structure-health monitor for super-long viaducts are designed based on the actual projects.System function,monitoring content,sensor location,system architecture,and points of technology and management are emphatically introduced in order to provide the reference for the similar engineering.


Combining features of road construction project,and according to actual experiences,the author concludes problems that may exist in budgetary estimate and budget establishment in road construction,it also analyzes reasons for problems,as well as relative preventive measures,so as to improve quality of budgetary estimate and budget establishment and inspection.


Background: Teaching and learning in outdoor experiential education is often conducted on lands with troubled histories of settler colonialism. This calls for new and creative forms of socioecological responsibility to attend to human supremacism and exceptionalism that marginalizes, exploits, dominates, and objectifies Other(s) in these Anthropocene times. Purpose: Through posthumanist philosophy (re)conceptualizing Western binary logics, this article explores possibilities for postcolonial land ethics in outdoor experiential education to address past, present, and future socioecological injustices and threats. Methodology/Approach: Adopting new materialist methodologies, this article examines affective materiality emerging from a series of multisensory researcher/teacher enactments, as set within pedagogies attuning-with land with a Grade 4/5 class in Canada. Findings/Conclusions: The affective materiality of sense-making in the researcher/teacher enactments provided opportunities to challenge discursively positioned land ethics, suggesting a transforming-with Other(s) through relationally co-constituted existences. Implications: Understanding that no separate and discrete worldviews exist in which individuals act through autonomous agency, but that worlding emerges through relational agency, teaching, and learning in outdoor experiential education can generate an intrinsic sense of responsibility to attend to more equitable relationships with Other(s) for/with/in these Anthropocene times.


Physics and engineering designs of Chinese First Quasi-axisymmetric Stellarator (CFQS) have been performed under the collaboration between National Institute for Fusion Science and Southwest Jiaotong University. To obtain high plasma parameter and to study the beam ion confinement in quasi-axisymmetric configuration, the installation of neutral beam (NB) injector is planned with CFQS. The feasibility study of NB injection of CFQS is performed by means of beam deposition calculation code (HFREYA) and the guiding center orbit following code (DELTA5D). The injection angle of 48 degrees is most favorable in terms of the deposition and beam ion confinement.


Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication (Foschini, Gans, 1998) is method by which several transmitting and receiving elements are used at the source and destination to achieve high spectral efficiency in wireless communications by using available spatial diversity. Spatial diversity is obtained by transmitting the same data through independent fading channels given by the multiple transmitting and receiving elements. The idea of MIMO led to the development of so-called space-time codes (Tarokh, Seshadri & Calderbank, 1998). MIMO technologies have been implemented in many existing wireless communication technologies (i.e. Wi-Fi), and is planned to be included in many future systems such as WiMAX. Recent work has shown that traditional MIMO falls under a much bigger umbrella referred to as multi-user (MU) MIMO. This includes any techabstract


We consider stochastic optimization problems with heavy-tailed noise with structured density. For such problems, we show that it is possible to get faster rates of convergence than $\mathcal{O}(K^{-2(\alpha - 1)/\alpha})$, when the stochastic gradients have finite moments of order $\alpha \in (1, 2]$. In particular, our analysis allows the noise norm to have an unbounded expectation. To achieve these results, we stabilize stochastic gradients, using smoothed medians of means. We prove that the resulting estimates have negligible bias and controllable variance. This allows us to carefully incorporate them into clipped-SGD and clipped-SSTM and derive new high-probability complexity bounds in the considered setup.


OBJECT
The authors tested the hypotheses that subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) leads to delayed cell death with the participation of apoptotic-like mechanisms and is influenced by the degree of acute decrease in the cerebral blood flow (CBF) following hemorrhage.

METHODS
Subarachnoid hemorrhage was induced in rats by endovascular perforation of the internal carotid artery or injection of blood into the prechiasmatic cistern. Cerebral blood flow was measured using laser Doppler flowmetry for 60 minutes. Brain sections stained with terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick-end labeling (TUNEL) showed DNA fragmentation at 2 and 7 days after both methods of inducing SAH in one third to two thirds of the surviving animals in the different experimental groups. More than 80% of the TUNEL-positive cells were neuron-specific nuclear protein-positive (neurons), but immunoreactivity to glial fibrillary acidic protein (astrocytes) and transferrin (oligodendrocytes) were markedly decreased in TUNEL-positive areas. Most of the TUNEL-positive cells displayed chromatin condensation and/or blebs and immunostained for increased Bax; approximately 50% of them were immunoreactive to cleaved caspase-3 and a few to Bcl-2. The duration of the acute CBF decrease below 30% of the baseline level was related to the degree of TUNEL staining.

CONCLUSIONS
Subarachnoid hemorrhage resulted in delayed cell death in a large proportion, but not all, of the surviving animals. The acute CBF decrease was related to the degree of subsequent cell death. These findings indicated the relevance of apoptotic-like pathways. There appears to be a temporal therapeutic window during which adequate treatment might reduce the final damage following SAH.


In the conditions of transformation of the essential bases of modern society the problem of vocational training of experts of different level is actualized. Professional and valuable orientations become the most effective criterion of professional formation. Professional and value orientations in modern national science most often deal with pedagogical activity and are considered to be socially significant. However, other types of professional activity, in the context of this perspective, often remain unaddressed. More than that professional and value orientations as an independent psychological phenomenon aren't studied in researches. Professional and value orientations are thought to be the system of representations reflected in the person's consciousness that characterizes the relation to professional activity as psychologically and socially significant phenomenon. The typology of professional and value orientations is offered and its substantial components are developed on the basis of the theoretical researches of E.A. Klimov and V.A. Slastenin. Value-relations and value-knowledge belong to the cognitive type of professional and value orientations. Value-purpose and value-result are the cornerstone of the emotional type. The behavioral type is presented by value-qualities and valueabilities. Our typology of professional and value orientations is used as the theoretical construct for creation of a psychodiagnostic questionnaire «Diagnostics of the personality's professional and value orientations». The distinguishing features of the psychodiagnostic technique of professional and value orientations diagnostics are the complexity and the organized structure of the phenomenon being under consideration. The questionnaire allows to study the type of professional and value orientations during the educational and professional activity and in the course of work.


The manufacture ofBraille textbooks has,inthe past, beenaccomplished intwoways.Thefirst isthelarge-scale production, utilizing zincplateembossing presses. The second ishandproduction, donebyalarge numberofdedicated volunteers. Thispaperoutlines thetrendinthelastfewyearstowardautomatic Braille production anddescribes thedevelopment ofa low-cost Braille translation andembossing system attheResearch Laboratory ofElectronics, Massachusetts Institute ofTechnology. Criteria are given forthegeneration ofinput toanautomatic system along with techniques forincreasing thecosteffectiveness ofBraille manu- facture.


Value sensitive design is a new method to embed moral value into the design process and possesses broad research prospects. However, there is a gap between the industrial application and the practical application of VSD since its practical application focuses on human-computer interaction and medical ethics. In this paper, the conceptual, empirical, and technical investigation of VSD are analyzed, and the feasibility of VSD for production line design is demonstrated. It was applied to the production line design process in Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China. Then, specific design issues such as environmental sustainability and safety are solved by analyzing the value demands of stakeholders and balancing the value tension. Thus, the human value of the production line becomes more sensitive, and the value conflict between natural and technical artifact is alleviated. In this process, we reflect on the design problems to be solved and obtain valuable opinions, enabling VSD to better adapt to the industrial production line design.


Analytical procedure for determination of glycerolt riheptanoate (GTH) in processed animal by-products was developed. Samples of meat and bone meal were sieved through 1 mm sieve, extracted with petroleum ether, and clea ned up on amino bonded solid phase extraction cartridges. Extracts were an alysed with a gas chromatograph combined with flame ionisation detector, on DB5 capillary column (30 m, 0.25 mm, 0.25 μm). The whole procedure was validated. Validation p arameters, i.e ., recovery in the range 80%-91%, depending on the substance concentration, repeatability 2.17%-8.79%, and linearity R 2 >0.999, confirmed the suitability of the method for determination of GTH in processed animal by-products.


Aim:  Resilience refers to positive adaption in the face of stress or trauma. Assessing resilience is crucial in trauma‐related research and practice. The 10‐item Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale (CD‐RISC) has been demonstrated to be a valid and reliable tool to achieve this goal. This study was designed to examine the psychometric properties of the 10‐item CD‐RISC in a sample of Chinese earthquake victims.


This paper examines the relevance of psychological or psychiatric expertise in the social administration of children and adolescents in the institutional care in Germany between the 1950s and the 1960s. Therefore, the article reconstructs the administrative action from two file records and analyzes the relevance of medical reports in these cases.


Stoffenmanager® is a well-established and widely accepted tool that is applied for regulatory risk assessments (e.g. REACH). This online-tool enables companies to identify hazardous chemicals, chemical risks and to control exposure to hazardous substances at the workplace. In the current version, however, Stoffenmanager® is not applicable to all areas of activity with solids in which dusty hazardous substances are used or may arise. Therefore, the aim of this project is to expand the applicability domain of Stoffenmanager® by developing three innovative algorithms: 1) respirable dust and quartz for tasks with dusty products, 2) respirable dust for metal-cutting manufacturing and 3) respirable dust and quartz for the mechanical processing of stone. To derive new quantitative regression models calibration and validation measurement datasets on hazardous substances are required. In this project, a total of approximately 6000 data points including comprehensive contextual information were extracted from the IFA Exposure database MEGA and MEGA variables were converted into Stoffenmanager® variables. Subsequently, the variables were divided into classes with scores on a logarithmic scale. Spearman correlation coefficients were calculated, and in case of significant positive relationship between the Stoffenmanager® scores and the measurements statistical regression analyses were performed to calculate the regression equations. After the development of the new algorithms, exposure models were validated against exposure data from the MEGA database. Scatter plots and regression equations will be presented. The new algorithms serve to improve workers' health by reducing occupational exposure to respirable dust and quartz which are known to be human carcinogens.


The microbial charasteristics of Idly, a traditional fermented product from india, were investigated. The dominant flora from the product were lactic acid bacteria wich were present in the order of 6.7 x 10 8 /g. Members of lactics streptococci, pediococci, leuconostocs, homofermentative and heterofermentative lactobacilli were isolated and identified. Yeast and moulds were present to a level of 22x10 4 /g. The yeast isolated were all found to be Saccharomyces cereviseae


We report a record real-time unrepeatered experiment with 64 single-carrier 400Gb/s channels transmission over 320.5km fibre, applying large-area ultra-low loss fibre with average attenuation of 0.146dB/km, high power booster, and backward-propagating 2nd-order Raman without ROPA.


Given two polynomials f(x) and g(x), we extend the formula expressing the remainder in terms of the roots of these two polynomials to the case where f(x) is a Laurent polynomial. This allows us to give new expressions of a Schur function, which generalize the Giambelli identity.


In this paper,a class of optimal and simple 2-point quadrature rule of open type is discussed,that is,∫baf(t)dt=b-a2[f(3a+b4)+f(a+3b4)]+R(f).Accordingly,upper and lower error bounds for this rule are derived by constructing two functions p1(t),p3(t).Double integral inequalities are obtained,which give upper and lower bounds for this quadrature rule.Furthermore,it is shown that these error bounds are sharp.We also consider a perturbation of the quadrature rule(1.1),Which has some advantages over the original rule(1.1).Finally,applications of the above mentioned results in numerical integration are given.


In this article there are different kinds of legal means on maintenance of legality in the sphere of local government and problems of their using, which are based on studying of prosecutor's practice.


Photoluminescence spectra have been studied in CuAlS2 single crystals doped with a series of rare-earth ions grown by the chemical vapor transport technique. Several sharp emissions originated from electronic transitions between the L-S coupling terms of 4f-shell originated multiplets have been observed for Tb3+, Tm3+ and Ho3+ ions in CuAlS2 host, whereas the spectra of Ce- and Sm-doped crystals showed no significant difference from the undoped crystals.


This erratum corrects a number of errors in the article "Water Conditioning for LCR Compliance and Control of Metals Release in San Francisco's Water System" by Andrzej Wilczak et al, in the March 2010 issue of the Journal AWWA.


Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the accuracy of triple phase computed tomography in detecting hepatocellular carcinoma keeping histopathalogical evaluation as gold standard. Methods: This study was conducted in the in the Radiology Department of Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar from 18-03-2016 to 18-09-2016. Through a comparative cross sectional study design, a total of 365 patients suspected of having HCC were included in the study in a consecutive manner and subjected to triphasic CT followed by histopathology for the confirmation of HCC. Results: 40.9 + 11.7 years was the mean age of patients. We had 60% males & 40% females. On CT we observed that the HCC was recorded in 60.3% of patients compared to 49.9% on histopathology. On applying the formulae for calculation, sensitivity of CT was found to be 90.1% and specificity 69.3%. The positive predictive value of the CT is 74.5% and negative predictive value is 87.5%. Conclusion: Triphasic CT has shown high sensitivity and specificity for HCC detection. As such, it is a useful radiological marker for diagnosis of HCC in adults and further studies are recommended to confirm its usefulness.


Anthocyanins are one of the many compound classes that belong to the polyphenolic flavonoid group. This group species of secondary metabolites are synthesized in almost all higher order plants, conferring the bright red, blue, and purple colors to berries and fruits. They have recently been the focus of significant beneficial health claims due to their antioxidant capacity. The interest of both consumers and academics in understanding the medicinal, therapeutical, and nutritional value provided by these naturally occurring phytochemical compounds is increasing. The development of analytical techniques to determine the identity and quantities of anthocyanins in natural products, as well as their effects in vivo and in vitro, is challenging. There is a need for extensive collection of information on the composition of natural colors and their recovery methods as a consequence of the increased demand for natural colors by industries. Numerous procedures have been used over the years for the sample treatment of phytochemicals. In this review special attention is paid to topics concerning with sampling and sample preparation methods, with the focus on anthocyanins; useful information is collected in tabular form.


A low insertion-loss (IL) and high isolation (ISO) single-pole single-throw (SPST) and single-pole double-throw (SPDT) is demonstrated in 250-nm Indium Phosphide (InP) heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT). The switch employs a 90° hybrid coupler with independent reflective loads to break tradeoffs in IL and ISO ratio. Measurement results of the implemented SPST show IL of 0.77-2.7 dB and ISO of 22.5-40dB in 110–140 GHz. Measured results of the proposed SPDT show 1.42-3.8 dB IL and ISO of 33.8-53 dB in 110–132 GHz.


In this paper, hyperbolic spinor representations of space curves are studied according to the q-frame in 𝔼 13 . The spinor formulations of curves are calculated for the q-frame according to the spacelike and timelike tangent vector cases of the curves in 𝔼 13 . Moreover, the relationships of spinor equations between q-frame and Frenet frame in Lorentz space are expressed. The results are supported with some theorems.


The title compound N-[1-(4-chlorophenyl)-1,4-dihydro-4-oxe-6-methylpyridazine- 3-carbonyl]-N(-benzoylhydrazine was prepared by the reaction of 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-1,4- dihydro-4-oxe-6-methylpyridazine-3-carboxylic acid with chloroformate ethyl ester and benzoyl hydrazine in the presence of triethylamine. The crystal structure ([C19H15ClN4O3]2·C2H5OH, Mr =811.67) has been determined by X-ray crystal structural analysis. The crystal is monoclinic, space group P21/c, with unit cell parameters a=13.296(3), b=17.155(3), c=17.459(3)?,β=98.959(4), Z=4, V=3934(1) ?3, Dc=1.371g/cm3, F(000)=1688, μ(MoKα)=0.226 mm-1, R=0.0495, wR=0.1348 for 3345 observed reflections (I 2σ(I)). The hydrogen bonds N(3)-H…O(1) , N(7)-H…O(4), and N(8)-H…O(2) can be observed.


As an immediate being of nature, man's natural existence embodies three major aspects: Firstly, man comes from nature; Secondly,man belongs to nature; Thirdly, man depends on nature.


Phagocytes of the starfishes Asterias rubens L., and Marthasterias ghcialis (L.) (Echinodermata: Asteroidea) phagocytose allogeneic and xenogeneic phagocytes in vivo, but form non-reactive aggregates or syncytia in vitro. The coelomocytes of the sea urchins Echinus esculentus (Mortensen) and Psammechimts miliaris (Gmelin), (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) also form aggregates or syncytia with allogeneic and xenogeneic cells in vitro. Mutual cy totoxicity could not be demonstrated either by enzyme-release or by decrease in numbers of viable cells in cultures of mixed origin as compared with autogeneic controls. The factors which may govern cell recognition and behaviour are discussed.


PurposeOntario's Ministry of Environment and Climate Change seeks to legislate diverse waste streams (including food waste) by implementing Bill 151, known colloquially as the Waste Free Ontario Act. The purpose of this study is to investigate how stakeholders in Ontario's food and waste systems perceive the prospective legislation.Design/methodology/approachThe paper is based on interviews with stakeholders across the food value chain in Ontario, as well as an analysis of legislation and related documents.FindingsThe paper argues that Bill 151 represents the Province's commitment to an ecological modernization paradigm. This research uncovers the lines of tension that may exist in the implementation of food waste policy. These lines of tension represent stakeholders' ideological perspectives on food waste, including whether it signals an efficient or inefficient economy, whether legislation should prioritize economic or environmental goals and whether it is more appropriate for legislation to incentivize desired food waste treatments or penalize/prohibit undesired activities.Originality/valueThe analysis reveals potential allies in the regulatory process, likely points of contention and areas where greater consensus may be forged, depending on government efforts to reframe the issues at stake.


Patients who have suffered from burns are at an increased risk of dying
from sepsis. The combination of a systemic inammatory response
and a recognised infection is what medical professionals call sepsis. If
the infection is not treated, then it will lead to severe sepsis, which is
characterised by organ dysfunction, low perfusion, and low blood
pressure. The systemic inammatory response syndrome, often known
as SIRS, may have an infectious or a noninfectious origin. When
dealing with patients who have suffered serious trauma or burns, it is
often difcult to determine whether SIRS is the consequence of the
injury itself or whether it is related to a superimposed infection. In
patients with SIRS, the majority of the clinical symptoms of infection,
including fever, tachycardia, and leukocytosis, were also present. As a
result, in order to circumvent this problem, the American Burns
Association established a consensus panel, and criteria were drafted in
order to dene sepsis in burns patients. In the past, a number of
research have been carried out to determine the value of the PCT in
both burns and non-burns related situations . Even in the absence of
sepsis, the value of PCT may be modestly elevated due to the localised
infection. Therefore, the diagnostic threshold for sepsis is quite low
when using the cut off value that was examined in the earlier
investigations. This study was carried out to determine the PCT value
in burns patients and also to locate a threshold value that may be used to
suspect sepsis in its early stages. We intend to incorporate this
threshold value as a protocol into our existing set up


Abstract : Since the end of the Cold War, military involvement in operations and training exercises has increased, while resources have declined. This situation can stress Service members, increasing personnel tempo, or PERSTEMPO, usually defined as "the number of days that Service members are away from their home station to perform their duties." This report clarifies definitions and measures of PERSTEMPO, summarizes research linking PERSTEMPO to retention, readiness, and quality of life, and presents the results of three analyses of existing Army data to identify effects of PERSTEMPO. Definitions of personnel tempo vary across Services, and are determined from self-reports and administrative records. Effects of PERSTEMPO have been inconsistent, and depend on individual and deployment characteristics. Results of data analyses indicate a modest relationship between PERSTEMPO and retention. At low levels, PERSTEMPO tends to increase retention; this positive relationship decreases at higher levels and may become negative. The analyses show inconsistent relationship between PERSTEMPO and self-assessed readiness. High levels of PERSTEMPO were associated with measures of family strain; relationships with financial factors and general satisfaction were negative, but quite weak. The analyses identified other variables regarding managing deployments that had substantial relationships with several measures of retention readiness and quality of life.


PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To surely set the incident efficiency of light emitted from a 1st optical element on a 2nd optical element to be equal to or above a specified target value without requiring troublesome operation. SOLUTION: An optical module manufacturing device is equipped with an external force applying mechanism part 20 for displacing a housing B previously mutually bonded and fixed on a package P so as to change the incident position of the light emitted from a light emitting element LE on a condensing lens ML in a plurality of directions, a control means 40 measuring the characteristic of the light made incident on an optical fiber OF while displacing the housing B with respect to the package P by driving the mechanism part 20 and detecting a state where the light comes to show desired characteristic, and a laser radiation mechanism part 30 provided with a new bonding and fixing point FP' between the package P and the housing B so as to maintain the state detected by the control means 40. COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO


Freshly isolated allophycocyanin is recovered from linear sucrose gradients made in 0.75 molar potassium phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) in three sizes: 19s, 10.3s, and 5.5s. The largest aggregate is a complex of a 680 nm fluorescing aOophycocyanin I in the form (aI8)3y, where y is the 95 kilodalton (kD) polypeptide, and two 660 nanometer fluorescing alophycocyanin II (a.8)s molecules; the complex, stabilized in high phosphate concentrations, fluoresces maximally at 675 nanometers. The 10.3s fraction is a hexamer of allophycocyanin of the 660 nanometer fluorescing type, perhaps attached through two polypeptides of 46 kD and 44 kD. The 5.5s component of the alophycocyanin pool is the usual trimerc form of allophycocyanin (af)s. A similar 19s fraction is the major component of aflophycocyanin I isolated under optimum conditions in the presence of the protease inhibitor, phenylmethylsulfonylfluoride. This 19s fraction is apparently a central component of the core of the phycobilisome with its 95 kD polypeptide the attachment point of the phycobilisome and membrane. The 95 kD polypeptide has both long wavelength absorpdon and fluorescence bands which seem to account for the long wavelength fluorescence properties of allophycocyanin I. Intact PBsomes3 of Nostoc sp. isolated from the Chl-containing membranes fluoresce at 678 nm (20). This corresponds to the fluorescence emission maximum oftwo specialized APC molecules isolated from this organism, called APC I and APC B (16, 20). Therefore, excitation energy appears to be transferred to APC I and/or B from other biliproteins and then from these specialized APC forms to Chl a in the thylakoids. Allophycocyanin B has now been isolated from several organisms (1, 3, 6, 16), but APC I has thus far been found only in Nostoc sp. (20), at a 7-fold higher concentration than APC B. Gysi and Zuber (4) described an APC form from Mastigocladus laminosus, which they also called APC I, which is similar to APC I from Nostoc sp. in absorption properties, but other studies (including fluorescence) necessary for additional verification were not done. As described in the preceding paper (14), APC I contains the 95 ' Supported in part by the Science and Education Administration of the United States Department of Agriculture under Grant No. 5901-0410-80185-0 from the Competitive Research Grants Office, by a Busch Research Grant and a Rutgers University Research Council Grant. 2New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station, Publication No. D01104-2-82, supported by State Funds and by the United States Hatch Act. 3Abbreviations: PBsomes, phycobilisomes; APC, allophycocyanin; PMSF, phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride; PE, phycoerythrin; PC, phycocyanin. kD Group I polypeptide. As this polypeptide is also associated with the washed thylakoid membranes, it appears to be the attachment protein of the PBsome to the membrane, providing evidence that APC I is the linking biliprotein of PBsome and thylakoid, as we suggested earlier (19, 20). This function of the 95 kD polypeptide was first suggested by Tandeau de Marsac and Cohen-Bazire (15). In earlier reports on APC I (16, 20), we described a 35 kD phycocyanobilin-containig component of this protein; it appears to be a proteolytic degradation product of the 95 kD polypeptide. This polypeptide is particularly susceptible to breakdown by a serine protease (14). This report deals with reexamination of APC I, its role in the core of the PBsome, and the 95 kD polypeptide. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cell Culture and Protein Isolation. Procedures for Nostoc sp. culture and subsequent isolation of PBsomes, the APC pool and APC I were as described in the preceding paper (14). Sedimentation Studies. Aliquots of the APC pool and APC I (0.5 ml with 2-5 mg/ml) were layered on 0.15-0.8 M linear sucrose gradients in 0.75 M K-phosphate (pH 7.0), total volume 12.5 ml, and were centrifuged at 20°C at 40,000 rpm in a Beckman SW40 rotor. Fractions were collected by puncturing the bottom of the centrifuge tubes, and then dialyzed against 0.75 M K-phosphate (pH 7.0) containing 0.02% NaN3. Linear sucrose gradients were also run in 0.1 M K-phosphate (pH 7.0) containing 1 mm PMSF, with all other conditions the same. Sedimentation coefficients (S20f) of these APC bands were estimated according to Martin and Ames (11), using thyroglobulin, ferritin, catalase, aldolase, ovalbumin, and ribonuclease (Pharmacia Fine Chemicals) as standards, as well as by numerical integration of the centrifuge equation with correction for buffer density and viscosity. Isolation of the 95 kD Polypeptide. Lyophilized APC was incubated for 90 min at 25°C at 20 mg/ml 10 mm K-phosphate (pH 8.0) containing 8 M urea and 10 mm ,8-mercaptoethanol. The sample was chromatographed on a Sepharose 6 B column (1 x 90 cm), equilibrated and eluted with the above solution. Two ml fractions were collected and spectral measurements taken on selected fractions immediately after elution, 30 min after dialysis in 10 mm sodium phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) containing 1 mm PMSF, and after extensive dialysis against multiple changes of the same buffer. Dialyzed samples were lyophilized for gel analysis. Spectroscopic measurements and SDS-polyacryamide gel electrophoresis were performed as described in the preceding paper (14). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION A freshly isolated pool of allophycocyanin, separated from PE and PC by brushite chromatography, fractionates into three bands on linear sucrose gradients in 0.75 M K-phosphate (pH 7.0) with sedimentation coefficients of 5.5, 10.3, and 19s. The 5.5s and 19s 1060 www.plantphysiol.org on August 29, 2017 Published by Downloaded from Copyright © 1982 American Society of Plant Biologists. All rights reserved. THE PHYCOBILISOME CORE


With the continuous development of information technology and the arrival of the era of big data, data mining technology has been applied in more and more fields. Data mining refers to the process of searching for information hidden in a large amount of data through algorithms. This process uses various technical methods and has a wide range of applications. Urban logistics is a special logistics system, an open and complex system, which has a profound impact on the development of cities. Using data mining technology to plan urban logistics can more efficiently improve the speed of urban logistics, save logistics costs, and speed up the construction of urban economy. This paper is aimed at studying urban logistics planning model based on data mining and analyzing the calculation accuracy and reliability of the model. This paper proposes to establish a relevant input-output data mining model according to the relationship between various industries and logistics in the city and conduct a calculation test on the model. The test results show that the data mining model proposed in this paper has an average calculation accuracy of over 85% and a maximum of 99%, which shows that the model has strong practical reliability and can be effectively applied to the planning of urban logistics.


Since the introduction of tumour necrosis factor (TNF) antagonists for the treatment of ankylosing spondylitis (AS) the majority of patients can be successfully treated. However, individual patients have persistent disease activity. We report on a 36-year-old male patient with HLA-B27-positive AS. No peripheral arthritis or extra-articular manifestation was documented. After insufficient response to standard treatment with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), sulfasalazine, methotrexate and all three available TNF antagonists (infliximab, etanercept and adalimumab), the last of these even in an intensified dose of 40 mg weekly, a rescue treatment with the interleukin 6 (IL-6) antagonist tocilizumab (TCZ; Roche Pharma, Roche Pharma, Grenzach-Wyhlen, Germany) was initiated.

TCZ was administered intravenously with 8 mg/kg bodyweight every 4 weeks. Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI) served as clinical response measure. For functional assessment the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (BASFI) and the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Metrology Index (BASMI) were applied. For global …


The traditional trend in interlanguage pragmatics research on speech acts is simply to look at the performance of head act. However, this investigative method unnaturally detaches an utterance from the conversation in which it appears, thus providing limited insight into learners' acquisition of speech act. Kasper (2006) proposed a switch to discursive practices in interlanguage pragmatic research to yield more understanding of the acquisitional process. In response to the call, the present study employs Schegloff's (2007) sequence organization framework to analyse advice elicited from role-play scenarios. The scenarios were developed in consideration of solicitation – a factor that influences the face-threatening level of advice (Goldsmith, 2000).The study also compares learners' performance according to proficiency levels and learning environments (ESL vs. EFL). Preliminary findings show that suggestions produced by learners do not differ whether the suggestion is solicited or not, suggesting that learners may not be aware of importance of solicitation in giving advice. However, learners of higher proficiency levels tend to be able to mitigate their advice as they expand the act to multi turns whereas learners of lower proficiency levels tend to produce it in limited turns. On a learning environment note,  ESL learners tend to produce indirect advice, which is more native-like, whereas EFL learners tend to produce direct advice. Therefore, it is suggested that solicitation and sequence organization should receive more attention not only in developing materials in language education but also in teaching and learning the speech act of advice.


ABSTRACT A holographic display using tunable multi-stage gratings for angular multiplexing is proposed. Using a liquid crystal waveguide and cascaded gratings, it could continuously steer light in a large range and modulate light intensity in every direction, facilitating wide-viewing-angle holographic displays. Furthermore, because of the compact design and micron-level size, it is feasible to integrate this structure into flat-panel display devices and other applications.


As with other forms of end-stage kidney disease, transplantation is the treatment of choice for patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) [1]. Transplantation is both life-extending and provides a superior quality of life for those patients who reach the need for renal replacement therapy. Most transplant centers proceed with transplantation either from a living donor or from a deceased donor without removal of the native polycystic kidneys since in most patients these kidneys are asymptomatic and removal pretransplant entails additional surgery with finite complications [2]. Bilateral nephrectomies done simultaneously with the transplant extend the procedure and introduce potential complications that presumably would not occur in patients undergoing standard transplants [3]. The major indications for nephrectomy of polycystic kidneys prior to the transplant are shown in Table 1. Many patients complain about abdominal pain related to their autosomal dominant polycystic kidneys and if this pain is refractory to medical management, it could be an additional indication for native kidney removal [4]. It is actually unusual for patients after the transplant to require nephrectomies for complications related to their native kidneys (<20% in my experience). Also, there is evidence that the size of the kidney stabilizes and perhaps even regresses after a successful transplant, particularly with mTOR inhibitors used as immunosuppression [5]. The major advantages of polycystic kidneys left in situ are the maintenance of urine output that make the fluid restrictions on dialysis easier to handle and the kidney's ability to produce erythropoietin and thus maintain hemoglobin values higher than other patients with chronic renal disease. In the absence of a major indication for nephrectomy, the major argument favoring this procedure is the potential need for post-transplant nephrectomy that involves major surgery in an immunosuppressed patient. However, this risk is mitigated by having a patient with normal renal function which avoids the inherent risk of operating on a patient with end-stage renal disease. The standard approach to removing polycystic kidneys has been by a separate operation prior to transplantation. For living donor recipients, this can be staged so that when the patient recovers from the nephrectomy surgery there is only a short-time dialysis requirement in the anephric state. For a deceased donor recipient, pretransplant nephrectomy does provide a hardship since the patient must be maintained on dialysis until a suitable donor is identified thus having to endure severe restrictions on fluid intake. A paper in the current issue of Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation contains a large experience with ipsilateral nephrectomy at the time of renal transplant [6]. This series is unique in that the procedure was done whether or not an indication for a nephrectomy existed. In these authors' experienced hands, the procedure is relatively safe and did not impair graft or patient survival. However, since there are no concomitant controls, the paper raises many questions in regard to patient management. Obviously, since the ipsilateral nephrectomy was done in some cases without specific indications, it is possible that the extra surgery by adding anesthesia and prolonged cold ischemia could cause inferior long-term transplant results. Although the mean weight of the removed kidneys was substantial, some kidneys as small as 500 g were removed making the indication for the extra operation more questionable. If the indication for nephrectomy is a chronic infection, it seems hard to justify leaving one kidney in place. Likewise, if the indication for nephrectomy is a massive enlargement of the kidneys producing symptoms, it would be very difficult to know which kidney has to be removed before the transplant was actually performed. Bilateral nephrectomy is not a simple operation and even in the hands of this experienced group neither is ipsilateral nephrectomy. The complication rate of 12% requiring reoperation is not trivial and is additive to the potential surgical complications of the transplant procedure itself. The remaining polycystic kidney after transplantation is another obvious drawback to this procedure. In the series, the contralateral kidney was already removed from the patient prior to the transplant in 22 patients. Another 20 patients had this done after the transplant, 2 at retransplantation. The timing was anywhere from 5 to 153 months. However, 57 patients still had their contralateral kidney in place. Thus, the argument that the number of surgical procedures would be reduced by the simultaneous ipsilateral transplant and nephrectomy is only true if the patient is left alone. Clearly, a major concern for any type of nephrectomy operation is to do it safely without


Plasma secretin was followed for 24 h in 6 healthy young males having four regular meals with water allowed freely, and performing their usual activities. Initially after each meal, plasma secretin wa


A Comment on the Letter by R. L. J. Qiu et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 108, 106404 (2012). The authors of the Letter offer a Reply.


Fisheries can act as top predators and affect marine biodiversity and ecosystem functioning via their target species. We studied a coastal food web in the Pacific Ocean that is modular and encompasses 360 species and small- and large-scale fisheries. Small-scale fisheries (SSF), two hammerhead sharks, one stingray, and one flatfish species are network hubs, interacting with multiple species among and within trophic levels (TLs) and modules. SSF and endangered hammerhead sharks act as hyper-hubs, which are network hubs preying on other network hubs and likely imposing widespread top-down effects. Hyper-hubs have two consequences to network structure. First, they show low dietary overlap, connecting the network in complementary ways. Second, they have overlapping indirect interactions, suggesting they can strongly affect each other. Simulations assuming distinct fishery regulations and species extinctions of different TLs and topological roles did not change network structure but redefined hub identity. We hypothesize that competition shapes resource partitioning between fisheries and hammerhead sharks. Our findings suggest that ecosystem-level strategies informed by network approaches can optimize investments to conserve marine ecosystems and ensure food security over coastal areas in the developing world.


We investigate the effect of insider ownership on corporate bond yield spreads from 2003 to 2014 using a sample of 10,470 bonds issued by 1,222 non-financial firms from 48 countries. We find that greater insider ownership is associated with higher yield spreads. This positive relationship holds after controlling for measures of risk-taking, which suggests that bondholders price-protect against greater insider ownership for reasons beyond insiders' heightened incentives to take risk. We consider consumption of private benefits as another economic channel through which insider ownership hurts bondholders. Using a global index of shareholder rights, we show that the positive association between insider ownership and the spread decreases for firms with relatively stronger shareholder rights, in which consumption of private benefits is less likely to occur. Furthermore, we present evidence that the probability of tunnelling, through related-party transactions, is larger in firms with more insider ownership. The positive relation between insider ownership holds even after excluding firms that deviate from the one-share-one-vote principle and firms with cross-ownership. We conclude that bondholders anticipate that greater insider ownership facilitates consumption of private benefits, with implications for the valuation of corporate debt around the world.


In toroidal magnetic confinement configurations all the charged particles align their magnetic drifts with the flux surfaces if, and only if, the lines of force have zero geodesic curvature (omnigeneous configuration). In this condition, the neoclassical transport is zero; unfortunately, standard tokamak devices are far from meeting such a condition. Nevertheless, a minimization of the geodesic curvature of the lines of force in tokamaks minimizes the neoclassical transport, and could as well reduce any other transport terms depending on the noncoincidence between magnetic and drift surfaces. In particular, the geodesic curvature of the lines of force generates both the neoclassical Pfirsch–Schluter current density j∥PS, as well as Hirshman factor q [Nucl. Fusion 18, 917 (1978)], which increases the moment of inertia of the magnetic configuration. The improved confinement observed in the VH-mode (very high confinement) and in reversed magnetic shear discharges of the DIII-D tokamak [Plasma Physics Contro...


Hearing examiners in the major regulatory agen cies function as administrative trial judges in proceedings comparable to some of the biggest and most complex cases tried in the federal courts. Once selected, and after undergoing a rigorous examination process, their independence is recognized and protected. From the time a hearing examiner is assigned to a given case, he is in complete charge of the proceeding until he issues his initial decision. During recent years much atten tion has been focused upon problems of delay in administrative proceedings. The role of the hearing examiner has been the focal point of efforts to expedite the hearing stage. The hear ing examiner performs his most important function, however, when he drafts and issues his initial decision at the conclusion of the hearing. The important and difficult task of the regula tory agencies is made far more manageable if they have the benefit of a clear and comprehensive initial decision by the hearing examiner who presided over the hearing and who has lived with the case from the beginning. Finally, one of the essential and overriding objectives of our administrative process is fairness and due process. The role played by the hearing examiner is the key to the successful achievement of this ob jective.


The main purpose of this research is to acknowledge the rights of woman in Islam. The rights of a woman had been introduced to the world after the presence of Islam in the society. The religion of Islam really prioritizes the status of a woman since the woman before the presence of Islam is been treating just like a thing that can be owned easily by every man and also been treated no better than a slave. Even in this current year, there are a lot of people that still do not know about the right or freedom that every woman has in their hands because of this reason there are many cases about the abuses of women and children been reported every year in various countries. Hence, the question that often arise among the community because of this issue is what are the rights of women have as a daughter, wife and mother? The main objective for this study is to determine the rights of woman in Islam. This research had used a few methods which are library research and analysis of documents to complete this study. The result of this research, there a lot of rights about a woman but the rights that had been included in this study are the rights as mother, rights regarding marriage, rights as wife, and rights regarding divorce.


INTRODUCTION Adenocarcinoma of the colon and rectum has become one of the major health problems in the western countries due to its rapidly increasing incidence in recent decades. It is currently the second most common cause of death by cancer in the western world [1]. According to the Slovene Cancer Registry, colorectal cancer has already become the most common among all cancers in Slovenia [2]. Approximately one third of all colorectal cancers arise in the rectum (0–15 cm from the anal verge) [1,3]. Fortunately not only the incidence of rectal carcinoma has been increasing during the last decades. Technical innovations together with a better understanding of pelvic anatomy and the behaviour of rectal tumours have resulted in some radical changes in the surgical and nonsurgical treatment of these neoplasms. These changes have considerably improved outcome and survival [4]. Outcome in rectal cancer depends on stage, use of neoadjuvant and adjuvant chemoradiation and technical aspects of surgical excision [1,3]. One of the main objectives of surgical treatment is to provide adequate safety margins of healthy tissue around the tumour, since positive resection margins are associated with high risk for local recurrence, distal metastases and eventually death [3,5,6]. The aim of our study was to address the relative contributions of distal resection margin (DRM) and circumferential resection margin (CRM) status towards survival.


TO THE EDITOR—We read with interest the article by Paintsil et al [1], and we found that the experimental technique reported could be directly applied to the study of an important topic, hepatitis C virus (HCV) vitality. In this letter, we show our own analysis of the results in the article, and suggest a means of applying the technique to examine HCV infectivity (ie, vitality). One of the main results reported by Paintsil et al [1] is temperature-dependent HCV vitality. Assuming the HCV decay (losing infectivity) as a chemical reaction, we can analyze it in terms of chemical kinetics, which will allow us to characterize it quantitatively. This approach has been found to be useful in understanding molecular phenomena [2, 3]. Among the 2 different examinations that the authors performed, we found that the one conducted with the low-void volume syringes to be suitable for quantitative analysis because it showed a monotonic decrease in HCV infectivity [1]. First, the half-life (t1/2) of HCV vitality was obtained from the article's Figure 3A. The half-life we used corresponds to the time point for 50% HCV-positive syringes. From the halflife values, we can obtain the rateconstant (k) of HCV decay using Equation(1), assuming it follows firstorder kinetics:


The way a wave behaves, while propagating across a medium, varies with the wave type and the medium. So, knowledge of the behaviour of a wave in a system with a different form of damage, and behaviour of different types of waves in a particular system is an essential prerequisite for almost all activities in structural system identification and mainly for damage detection and localization of damage. This paper presents a comparative study of various wave propagations, that has been done by researchers in various structural systems. Further, a numerical model of an isotropic plate using finite element is created both with and without damage. The behaviour of waves has been studied. Finally, the comparative result is shown. This paper offers a new perspective for ongoing research by providing the most recent developments, difficulties, and prospects of wave propagation behaviours for damage detection and localization in the commonly used structural systems and structural elements. While propagating through different structural systems and components, the most used waves, which are (a) Shear wave, (b) Rayleigh wave, (c) Ultrasonic wave and (d) Lamb wave, have been thoroughly investigated. Along with several difficult problems for future growth, the summarized observations are provided.


Federal Transit Administration (FTA) noise and vibration impact criteria were developed in the early 1990's. Noise criteria are ambient‐based, developed from the Schultz curve and fundamental research performed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency in the 1970's. Vibration criteria are single‐value rms vibration velocity levels. After 10 years of experience applying the criteria in assessments of new transit projects throughout the United States, FTA is updating its methods. Approach to assessment of new projects in existing high‐noise environments will be clarified. Method for assessing noise impacts due to horn blowing at grade crossings will be provided. Vibration criteria will be expanded to include spectral information. This paper summarizes the background of the current criteria, discusses examples where existing methods are lacking, and describes the planned remedies to improve criteria and methods.


In this paper we present an approach to speaker-independent, isolated word recognition in which the well-known techniques of vector quantization and hidden Markov modeling are combined with a linear predictive coding analysis front end. This is done in the framework of a standard statistical pattern recognition model. Both the vector quantizer and the hidden Markov models need to be trained for the vocabulary being recognized. Such training results in a distinct hidden Markov model for each word of the vocabulary. Classification consists of computing the probability of generating the test word with each word model and choosing the word model that gives the highest probability. There are several factors, in both the vector quantizer and the hidden Markov modeling, that affect the performance of the overall word recognition system, including the size of the vector quantizer, the structure of the hidden Markov model, the ways of handling insufficient training data, etc. The effects, on recognition accuracy, of many of these factors are discussed in this paper. The entire recognizer (training and testing) has been evaluated on a 10-word digits vocabulary. For training, a set of 100 talkers spoke each of the digits one time. For testing, an independent set of 100 tokens of each of the digits was obtained. The overall recognition accuracy was found to be 96.5 percent for the 100-talker test set. These results are comparable to those obtained in earlier work, using a dynamic time-warping recognition algorithm with multiple templates per digit. It is also shown that the computation and storage requirements of the new recognizer were an order of magnitude less than that required for a conventional pattern recognition system using linear prediction with dynamic time warping.


Bilateral control has been widely used in many industries including medical surgery. Slave manipulator usually works in a remote site or in a hazardous environment. Master operator is sensing the environment through the slave manipulator. Usually doctors are very sensitive to the tactile sensation they feel through medical tools. If bilateral control is used in surgery, ideally doctor should feel the feeling of the body tissue and the reaction force from the specialized tool. In this paper specialized tool is replaced by a virtual model.


A comparison of symptom and nonsymptom groups following vasectomy based on prospective study of 130 patients by interview and the Cornell Medical Health Index questionnaire is presented. Comparison of the groups by information obtained before the operation was designed to eliminate the usual bias of a retrospective study. 90% of the patients first interviewed were followed up 3-6 months after the operation. The patients ranged from 21 to 58 years of age and were preponderantly multiparous. 22.2% of the patients reported adverse symptoms in the follow-up with 17.9% classified as mild. These symptoms included pain and weakness weight loss nervousness insomnia and depression and impaired sexual performance. Comparisons between the symptom and nonsymptom groups revealed that those with poor motivation toward the operation and who experienced immediate postoperative surgical complications were more likely to complain of postoperative symptoms (p=.01). The C.M.I. test alone did not predict members of the symptom groups but 9 of the 15 patients predicted by the interviewers to have postoperative neurotic symptoms did fall into the symptom group. It is concluded that poor motivation is an important clue to the preoperative counselor of possible postoperative problems and that surgical complications with the procedure are likely to produce continued postoperative discomfort.


The Oxford English Dictionary recognizes harum-scarum as noun, adjective, and adverb, and, of the origin of the phrase, writes: 'a rhyming combination, apparently < hare v. + scare v. sometimes taken as = hare 'em, scare 'em. Definitions of this stated colloquialism are, respectively, "reckless, unregulated person; reckless, careless, heedless in action; wild, rash; recklessly, heedlessly, wildly." As Francis Grose (s.v. harum-scarum) writes in his Classical Dictionary of the Vulgar Tongue, a compilation of urban slang, "Running harum scarum, said of any one running or walking carelessly ... and in a hurry, after they know not what." This source also provides a valuable indication of the register in which the phrase was at home in the late eighteenth century. To attempt a synthesis of the OED's proposed development, an imagined causal sequence would be that frightening a person (scaring) would prompt them to speed (haring) and to a disregard for potentially dangerous conditions (recklessness). This seems special pleading that favors the presumed etymons (hare, scare) over the very evident semantics (heedlessness). Reduplicating compounds or, less pedantically, jingling formations like this one seldom establish a distinct cause and effect, preferring the simpler linear sequence of a base concept followed by phonological and at times slight semantic variation, e.g., flim-flam. Setting the OED's etymology aside for the moment, the origin of the phrase harum-scarum is, rather, to be sought in technical language, not in an agitated emotional state and in verbs remote from the evolved signification. However far-fetched it may initially sound, the origins of harum-scarum, along with such synonyms as helter-skelter and pellmell, may lie in the context of military troop formations and their dissolution. Helter-skelter seems another imitative (OED) reduplicative rhyming formation but has an origin similar to kelter (U.S. kilter) in a reconstructed Anglo-French *eschelture "the state of being in military formation" (< eschele "military formation" < Latin scala "ladder, grid'). Kelter was later used of the correct alignment of the parts of artillery pieces. Anglo-French *eschelture was paired with the preposition oltre (< Latin ultra "beyond") and the resulting phrase would have been refashioned in Middle English as helter-skelter on the common pattern of reduplicative compounds, with the literal meaning "out of formation", and, more expressively, "in disordered haste, confusedly" (OED). Pell-mell has written antecedents in twelfth-century French pesle-mesle. The second element assuredly means "mixed up, confusedly" (cf. the modern French military term mêlée for disorganized hand-to-hand combat). Shakespeare writes in Richard III: "March on, ioine brauelie, let vs to it pell mell, If not to heauen then hand in hand to hell" (v. iv. 42). Pesle/pell is more problematic. The OED and its French counterpart, Le Trésor de la langue française (s.v. pêler-mêle), invoke Latin pessulus "bolt" and Old French pesle, assuming that the image of a bolt ill-shot or pulled back suggests confused, likely retreating, movement as a possible consequence. A more plausible pairing with mesle can be identified if we entertain the possibility of a unvoiced labial consonant preplacing its voiced counterpart bin a word that originally had discrete status. Such a term is found in the curious Old French formation beslei. The base term here is French lei "law" (< Latin lex; FEW, 5, 291b, s.v. lex). The initial element reflects Latin bis "twice, two times". In a limited number of Old French compounds, beis serves as a pejorative reinforcing particle prefixed to other words, as if the idea of "two times" represented duplicity. Beslei was then a term for "injustice". More importantly in the present context are expressions such as aller a besloi "to be turned topsy-turvy", a beslei "in great


The article seeks to re-examine the career and work of a celebrated 'adventurer' of the seventeenth and early eighteenth century, the Venetian Nicolò Manucci (1638–c. 1720). Manucci's work, translated into English in the early twentieth century by William Irvine of the Indian Civil Service, but never published in the original, has evoked much controversy over the years. Some have treated it as a valuable and authentic source on events in Mughal India and elsewhere, while others—notably historians of music and culture—have pointed to its flagrant inaccuracies and exaggerations. In recent times, some have also claimed for it the status of a history of popular perceptions of the Mughal dynasty. This article returns, as it were, to the sources, looking to the original manuscripts that Manucci left, as well as recent and valuable research conducted on him by Italian scholars. A complex portrait emerges of a tortuous and fascinating career in which alienation is a central theme.


The power characteristics of long-period fiber grating were studied by Matlab programming,and the relations between the incidence angle and the grating length of long period grating with images of power distribution.The results provides theoretic basis for long-period fiber grating design.


PURPOSE
To determine whether magnetic resonance (MR) arthrography of the elbow can demonstrate precisely an ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) abnormality in the throwing athlete.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Forty college-level and professional throwing athletes (age range, 18-40 years) underwent saline-enhanced MR arthrography of their injured elbows. MR findings were compared with the surgical findings.

RESULTS
Saline-enhanced MR arthrography was positive in 24 of 26 individuals with UCL tear confirmed at the time of surgery. Eighteen (95%) of 19 complete UCL tears and six (86%) of seven partial UCL tears were diagnosed with MR arthrography. Two false-negative findings and no false-positive findings were obtained.

CONCLUSION
Saline-enhanced MR arthrography of the elbow is a new application of a previously described technique used in the shoulder. It is useful for demonstration of subtle and gross UCL abnormalities in the throwing athlete.


Rolling bearings are the core components of mechanical equipment. Lubrication plays an important role in the operating performance of rolling bearings. The research on rolling bearing lubrication devices is beneficial to making the bearings obtain the characteristics which is suitable for the working conditions and improving the bearing's service life. Compared with the traditional lubrication devices, the new ones provide assistance to various bearings, solving many problems.

To review the latest research on rolling bearing lubrication devices, analyze their solutions to rolling bearing lubrication problems, and discuss their advantages and disadvantages for the reference of scholars and engineers.

The representative patents related to rolling bearing lubrication devices are reviewed according to the lubrication method of bearings, including oil lubrication, grease lubrication and solid lubrication. Oil lubrication includes oil mist lubrication, oil-air lubrication, jet lubrication, under ring lubrication and immersion oil lubrication, etc. Grease lubrication includes external and internal lubrication methods. The working principle and characteristics are explained by analyzing the structure of bearing lubrication devices.

By comparing different types of rolling bearing lubrication devices, the main problems of the current lubrication devices are summarized and analyzed. The future development of rolling bearing lubrication devices are prospected.

The improvement of rolling bearing lubrication devices is conducive to developing bearing lubrication technology. Advanced mechanical equipments require the rolling bearing lubrication devices to have a simple structure, intelligence, and are easy to be installed.