Abstract The main aim of this research is to numerically obtain the permeability coefficient in the cylindrical scaffolds. For this purpose, a mathematical analysis was performed to derive an equation for desired porosity in terms of morphological parameters. Then, the considered cylindrical geometries were modeled and the permeability coefficient was calculated according to the velocity and pressure drop values based on the Darcy's law. In order to validate the accuracy of the present numerical solution, the obtained permeability coefficient was compared with the published experimental data. It was observed that this model can predict permeability with the utmost accuracy. Then, the effect of geometrical parameters including porosity, scaffold pore structure, unit cell size, and length of the scaffolds as well as entrance mass flow rate on the permeability of porous structures was studied. Furthermore, a parametric study with scaling laws analysis of sample length and mass flow rate effects on the permeability showed good fit to the obtained data. It can be concluded that the sensitivity of permeability is more noticeable at higher porosities. The present approach can be used to characterize and optimize the scaffold microstructure due to the necessity of cell growth and transferring considerations.


Control of rotatory wing aircrafts represents a very challenging task due to the nonlinearities and inherent instabilities present in such systems. The versatility of rotorcrafts allows them to perform almost any task that no conventional aircraft can do, but this ability is ultimately associated to the stability and control characteristics obtained via automatic control design. These stability and control characteristics come at the price of complex control designs in order to deal with these highly nonlinear aerospace systems. Historically, classical linear control techniques such design via root locus, frequency response techniques, state space techniques, PID controllers, or gain scheduling to name few, have been sufficient to obtain reasonable control responses of aerospace systems. The evolution of the aerospace industry, and the consequent improvement of technologies, have increased the performance requirements of all systems in general, which has called for better control designs that can deal with more complex systems, making linear control techniques insufficient to cope with the industry demands. Specifically, in the area of aerospace systems, a wide range of different nonlinear control techniques have been studied to deal with the nonlinear dynamics of such systems. From singular perturbation, feedback linearization, dynamic inversion, 10 sliding mode control, or backstepping control methods, to name few. Neural Networks (NN) are also included within the realm of nonlinear control techniques, and seem to provide improved robustness properties under system uncertainties. Some of works include Adaptive Critic Neural Network (ACNN) based


The invention relates to the technical field of boiler flue sampling, and discloses a sealing device for a sampling hole of a boiler flue. The sealing device comprises a sampling hole pipe and a sealing cover connected with the sampling hole pipe in a matched way, wherein a plurality of bumps which are arranged at intervals are arranged on the outer wall of a pipe orifice of the sampling hole pipe; a plurality of grooves adapted to the bumps are formed in the inner wall of the sealing cover; each groove is provided with a first vertical rail, a second vertical rail and an inclined rail along the inner wall of the groove from a lower port of the sealing cover; the two ends of the inclined rails are in smooth transition connection with the first and second vertical rails respectively; when the sealing cover is connected with the sampling hole pipe in a sealing way, the bumps clockwise rotate to the inclined rails along the first vertical rails of the grooves, and are finally locked on the second vertical rails of the grooves. According to the sealing device, the sampling hole in the boiler flue can be normally opened to smoothly sample smoke and flue gas.


Day 2 1) Transfect C33a cells when 80 percent confluent using Lipofectamine 2000 and incubate for 24 hours. * Only use media w/o FBS and Pen/Strep Using Pen/Strep with Lipo 2000 will kill the cells FBS contains Bovine MMPs which will show up on the zymograph Day 3 1) Make a 10% SDS-PAGE gel containing 0.1% (1mg/ml) gelatin in the resolving gel. * Do not use buffers containing EDTA. * Make stock gelatin fresh every time at a concentration of 10mg/ml. * Use gelatin immediately after making. 2) Collect the media off of the cells and spin at 10,000 rpm for 5mins to remove any cell debris. 3) Concentrate approx. 6mls of media down to 300ul using Centricon 10. 4) Mix 20ul of media with 2x SDS loading buffer w/o 2-mercaptoethanol. * Optional: incubate the samples at 37°C for 20 mins. Might help activate the MMPs??? 5) Run gel at 4°C at 150-200V until the 50kD marker leaves the gel. 6) Cut off marker lanes 7) Wash gels 4 times for 30 mins each at room temperature in washing buffer. * The buffer removes the SDS from the gel allowing the protein to refold 8) Wash gels 30mins in ddH2O 9) Incubate the gel for at least o/n (generally 24-48h) at 37°C in the incubation buffer.


49 strains of E.coli were isolated and identified,from these strains,5 strains with strong pathogenicity and good antigenicity,were selected as candidate strains,which had dominant serotype.Though cultivating and inactivating,prolis being used as immune adjuvant,multivalent prolis-adjuvant inactivated vaccine were prepared.The field experiments indicated that this kind of vaccine had no effect on the growth of chicklings and breeder chickens.The chickens were challenged with E.coli at the 150 th day after vaccination,the protection rate was 100%.The duration of preservation lasted for 1 year.Practice indicated that this kind of vaccine had no effect on the growth of chicken and breeder chickens.The mortallty rate induced by E.coli reduced remarkably.


In order to achieve the data rates proposed for the future Run 3 upgrade of the LHCb detector, new processing models must be developed to deal with the increased throughput. For this reason, we aim to investigate the feasibility of purely data-driven holistic methods, with the constraint of introducing minimal computational overhead, hence using only raw detector information. These filters should be unbiased - having a neutral effect with respect to the studied physics channels. In particular, the use of machine learning based methods seems particularly suitable, potentially providing a natural formulation for heuristic-free, unbiased filters whose objective would be to optimize between throughput and bandwidth.


Swing-segment lesions are a fairly common reason for access failure and predispose to repeated interventions. The pathophysiology, hemodynamic circumstances and the primary intervention might all p...


The main conclusion is that many organisations obviously find it worthwhile to carry out country programme evaluations but that ambitions about causes and effects are kept at a modest level. An important question raised in the study is why the recipient countries so far show little interest in such evaluations which could help them to make strategic decisions about development assistance and about comparative advantages for different forms for transfer of resources. Evaations of C ontry Strtegies


Coeliac disease affects up to 1% of the population and the British Society of Gastroenterology recommends long‐term follow‐up of these patients, although the absolute risk of complications is small.


Background Tuberculosis (TB) is difficult to diagnose in children using molecular tests, because children have difficulty providing respiratory samples. Stool could replace sputum for diagnostic TB testing if adequate sample processing techniques were available. Methods We developed a rapid method to process large volumes of stool for downstream testing by the Xpert MTB/RIF (Xpert) TB-detection assay. The method was tested and optimized on stool samples spiked with known numbers of M. tuberculosis colony forming units (CFU), and stools from M. tuberculosis-infected cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis). Performance was scored on number of positive Xpert tests, the cycle thresholds (Cts) of the Xpert sample-processing control (SPC), and the Cts of the M. tuberculosis-specific rpoB probes. The method was then validated on 20 confirmed TB cases and 20 controls in Durban, South Africa. Results The assay's analytical limit of detection was 1,000 CFU/g of stool. As much as one gram of spiked stool could be tested without showing increased PCR inhibition. In analytical spiking experiments using human stool, 1g samples provided the best sensitivity compared to smaller amounts of sample. However, in Macaques with TB, 0.6g stool samples performed better than either 0.2g or 1.2g samples. Testing the stool of pediatric TB suspects and controls suggested an assay sensitivity of 85% (95% CI 0.6–0.9) and 84% (95% CI 0.6–0.96) for 0.6g and 1.2g stool samples, respectively, and a specificity of 100% (95% CI 0.77–1) and 94% (95% CI 0.7–0.99), respectively. Conclusion This novel approach may permit simple and rapid detection of TB using pediatric stool samples.


Without doubt, the Red Crescent Society will play its role in the implementation of healthy people and developed effectively which, can be used volunteer group of people to achieve their predetermined goals. Therefore, this research was conducted to identify factors that increase the trainer's motivation of Red Crescent Society. This research has been done based on the descriptive- survey research method. Statistical Society of this study was included active trainer's entire teacher of Red Crescent Society of ilam Province. The sample size was chosen to 50 the number of Trainers to help census sampling. Research tool was a questionnaire was developed that made the research and theoretical literature from interviews with experts. And it was used to determine the validity of the panel of experts. To ensure of reliability of the study tools, 30 questionnaires were completed and The Cronbach's alpha was calculated to amount to 90%. Due to the nature of the data, factor analysis technique was used to analyze data. The results showed that Personality factors (28.03%), Occupational factors (8.72%), Healthy factors (6.53%), and management Factors (6.42%), Comparison Factors (4.90%) and Contextual factors (4.83%) with a total of 59.45% explained of total variance can be considered as the most important factors in Increasing Motivation of Trainer's Teacher of Red Crescent Society of ilam Province.


When the chest wall is treated with tangential radiation fields, a penumbra trimming device known as a breast cone or a breast plate, is often employed to reduce the dose to the lungs. This device is attached to the collimator housing and consists of a metal plate extending to a fixed source-skin distance (SSD), a lucite end window and a lead block to eliminate radiation below the plate. This plate is positioned either on the central axis of the source or at the projection of the edge of the source, thus reducing the field area approximately by a factor of two. The authors consider the effect of the blocking on dose rate and patient scatter, the improvement in penumbra trimming with the block at the edge of the source and the increase in surface dose produced by contamination of the photon beam by the presence of the metal plate and lucite end window.


We have developed a laser holographic projection engine that is an order of magnitude more optically efficient than conventional projection displays. The image is formed by beam propagation from the hologram plane, which places stricter demands on the light source when compared to conventional displays. In this paper we discuss the laser requirements (technical and commercial) for Holographic projection.


9 IM?4UNOCYTOCHEHICAL STUDIES OF NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES IN AN AGE0 BEAR L.c. Cork*. H. Eckhaus. R.E. Powers . J .J . Cover. D . J . Selkoee. P . Dsviae. end D.L. Pr ice* The Johns llopklna Univers i ty School of Medic ine , Bal t imore . Maryland: Harvard Medica l School, McCeb" Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts; Albert Einsteiin Col lege of Medic ine. Bronx, New York. In order to teat the general ly held bel ie f that neurof ibr i l lary tangles (NFT). a" important d iagnost ic feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD), ere unique to humans, we began II systematic invest igat ion of nge-related changea in o ld mammals . NFT occur in normal aged humana with low frequency and are srgentophilic and composed of pairs of IO-na fi laments twieted in e double he l ix (PHF) or o f loto 12-nm straight f i laments. NFT show immunoreactivity for severs1 antigens: MAP2; phosphoryla ted epitopes of "eurofilame"ts; tau; and A 68, a" ant ibody recognized by Alz 50 . Argentophlllc NFT were demonstrated ln amygdsla. h ippocampus, and neocortex of an aged (24 years) bear (Arctos arctos). Seni le plaques were not Bee". Ueing t h e peroxidase-antlperoxidane technique, NIT in the beer showed lmmunoresctivity wi th antibadiae directed against phonphory la ted epitopee of neurofilamcnte, tau. and A 60. The pattern of staining in the beer wea v ir tual ly ident ica l to that seen in tissues f rom pat ients with AD. NFT in the bear, which were lmmunoreactive In Epan-embedded l-pm sections, were examined ultrastructural ly in adjacent th in sect ions and were composed of 1%nm stra ight fi laments. Al though PHF were not "ee", these resulta suggent that cytomkeletel c h a n g e s occur in aged nonhuman mammals end thst NFT ere not unique to humans.


Introduction. The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has affected every part of the population, including pregnant mothers, breastfeeding mothers, and infants. There is an inadequate comprehension of SARS-CoV-2 transmission potential as of now. As expected, it will result in anxiety among the public, including a specific issue such as breastfeeding practice for the suspected or confirmed novel coronavirus infection. This study aimed to assess whether such anxiety was present in a population of patients that routinely visit Kasih Medika clinic.
Methods. This is a simple study conducted on August 5-10, 2020. This study used a questionnaire instrument with samples of pregnant and postpartum mothers. The questionnaire includes a question regarding the anxiety surrounding breastfeeding, visiting the clinic and their everyday activity.
Results. We reported that COVID-19 has an impact on the breastfeeding plans from the respondent's questionnaire. All respondents felt anxious about COVID-19, although only 18% of patients reduce their routine visits to Kasih Medika, while the rest keep visiting as scheduled. Eighty-six percent of respondents restricted their outdoor activities during the COVID-19 pandemic. The COVID-19 pandemic causes 27% of the respondents to feel afraid of their breastfeeding plans. However, in the primigravida population, 45.45% of respondents were afraid of their breastfeeding plans. Meanwhile, in the multigravida and postpartum respondents, 90.90%  were not afraid about their breastfeeding plans during the COVID-19 period.
Conclusion. COVID-19 pandemic brings a certain degree of anxiety to the mothers, including anxiety of safety during breastfeeding practice. Despite the risk of transmission, breastfeeding has more benefits than disadvantages. Breastfeeding makes the infant have a good immune system, which prevents any disease, including COVID-19. Breastfeeding during the COVID-19 is still recommended under health protocol.


The goal of this work is to equip the project-archi tect with a tool easy to use, which supports him wi th helpful elements in the early stages of the concept ual phase of projecting Music-Clubs (rooms with a full capacity under 250 people, with live music or acting shows, with the possibility of consuming drinks or even light meals). Based on the eleven mu sic-clubs studied in this work, it was possible to predict that the normalized reverberation time (RT) of these rooms (that is considering half of the room capacity) goes about 0.7 to 0.8 s for 500 to 2 k Hz frequency bands. Considering that the


Objective:To investigate the change of blood high sensitive C reactive protein(hs-CRP)and D-dimer level in acute cerebral infarction(ACI)patients and its significance.Method:Ninety-seven ACI cases were selected from March 2013 to May 2015 in our hospital as observation group.Eighty healthy cases were selected as control group.Serum hs-CRP and D-dimer level of the two groups were detected.The hs-CRP and D-dimer levels of paitients with different severity,different infarct size were compared.Result:Serum hs-CRP level and D-dimer level of observation group were significantly higher than those of control group(P0.05).Serum hs-CRP level and D-dimer level of severe ACI patients were significantly higher than those of the mild and moderate patients(P0.05).Serum hs-CRP level and D-dimer level of large infarction patients were significantly higher than those of the small infarction and lacunar infarction patients(P0.05).There was a positive correlation between serum hs-CRP and the number of bilateral carotid unstable plaques in the patients of the observation group(r=0.455,P0.05).There was no correlation between serum D-dimer and the number of bilateral carotid unstable plaques(P0.05).There was no correlation between serum D-dimer and hs-CRP(P0.05).Conclusion:Blood hs-CRP and D-dimer levels of ACI patients have an important guiding significance to the disease judgment and clinical treatment.hs-CRP can reflect carotid atherosclerosis instability.


ABSTRACT Studies on cultural ecosystem services (CES) in urban forests using Public Participation GIS mapping are a well-established field of research. However, far fewer studies do exist that also illuminate perceived disservices, thus omitting an important part of human-forest relationships. Advancing knowledge on unpleasant places can promote outdoor recreation and help forest managers focus on disservices that matter. This study aims at spatially identifying people's perceptions in urban forests with focus on unpleasant experiences. We elicited perceived disservices and CES spatially by collecting Public Participation GIS data (PPGIS) from city dwellers in three urban forests in Germany's Southwest (755 respondents mapped 1552 places of disservices). We investigated relationships between sociodemographic characteristics and the number of mapped places using Spearman's rank. We also explored the spatial concurrence between disservices and CES using Spearman's rank. We identified a hierarchy of importance of forest visitors' perceived dislikes. We revealed that negative perceptions of urban forest visitors originated broadly from people and their traces and rarely from the ecosystem according to existing ecosystem disservices typologies (EDS). We found a significant relationship between age and the number of mapped services. We found clusters of disliked places and correlations between disservices and CES, indicating that hotspots of CES in turn are also hotspots of disservices. We conclude that city foresters may best address disservices by advancing guidance-concepts for spatial movements of urban forest visitors within the forest to avoid conflicting clusters of various stakeholders. Our results may help city foresters to better manage both the forest and visitors' various interests.


1. The CicindelidÆ of Ontario and Quebec. [The following is the first of a series of papers which Mr. Wickham is specially preparing for this magazine. It is intended that they should treat of all the more conspicuous families of Coleoptera and present in tabular form the genera and species that are found in the Provinces of Ontario and Quebec; a descriptive list will also be given of the species, so far as known, that are to be found in the other provinces of the Dominion of Canada.


Spiral displays have been developed to visualize the cyclic character of a data set. They are particularly useful for spotting seasonal patterns in time series data. This, however, requires expressive visual encoding and efficient interaction. In this paper, we improve existing spiral displays by applying the expressive two-tone pseudo coloring. This allows users to read off data values more precisely. More importantly, we enhance our twotone spiral display with efficient interaction facilities. These allow for easy exploration of the data space and easy adjustment of a variety of visualization parameters. Our tool is fully implemented and freely available for experimentation. CR Categories: H.5.2 [Information Interfaces and Presentation]: User Interfaces—Graphical User Interfaces, Interaction Styles; I.3.6 [Computer Graphics]: Methodology and Techniques— Interaction Techniques


Strong gravitational lensing provides unique opportunities to investigate the mass distribution at the cores of galaxy clusters and to study high-redshift galaxies. Using 110 strong-lensing models of 74 cluster fields from the Hubble Frontier Fields (HFF), Reionization Lensing Cluster Survey (RELICS), and Sloan Giant Arcs Survey (SGAS), we evaluate the lensing strength of each cluster (area with ∣μ∣ ≥ 3 for z s = 9, normalized to a lens redshift of z = 0.5). We assess how large-scale mass, projected inner-core mass, and the inner slope of the projected mass-density profile relate to lensing strength. While we do identify a possible trend between lensing strength and large-scale mass (Kendall τ = 0.26 and Spearman r = 0.36), we find that the inner slope (50 kpc ≤ r ≤ 200 kpc) of the projected mass-density profile has a higher probability of correlation with lensing strength and can set an upper bound on the possible lensing strength of a cluster (Kendall τ = 0.53 and Spearman r = 0.71). As anticipated, we find that the lensing strength correlates with the effective Einstein area and that a large ( ≳ 30.″0) radial extent of lensing evidence is a strong indicator of a powerful lens. We attribute the spread in the relation to the complexity of individual lensing clusters, which is well captured by the lensing-strength estimator. These results can help us to more efficiently design future observations to use clusters as cosmic telescopes.


An integral form of the polarized-orbital method has been employed to investigate the positron-helium collision problem. This form does not satisfy the minimum principle. A change of sign of the s-wave phaseshift occurs in the low-energy region. The zero position is obtained at an energy slightly higher than that given by variational calculations. The total elastic cross-section values below the Ps formation threshold are in qualitative agreement with experimental results as well as with the more refined theoretical findings. The Ps formation cross section for the partial wave l=1 shows a resonance-like behaviour near 20 eV. A similar feature has also been noticed by Kraidy and Fraser (1967) around 23 eV.


JOIN LINE LEGEND EXISTING KERB AND CHANNEL PROPOSED KERB AND CHANNEL PROPOSED NO PARKING LINES PROPOSED CONCRETE FOOTPATH PROPOSED GRASSED BERM PROPOSED SPEED TABLE EXISTING TRAFFIC ISLAND PROPOSED TRAFFIC ISLAND PROPOSED TACTILE PAVERS EXISTING ROAD MARKING PROPOSED WHITE ROAD MARKING PROPOSED NEW TRAFFIC SIGN PROPOSED NEW BLACK AND WHITE PAINTED POLE WITH BELISHA DISC . PROPOSED 1.8m WIDE FOOTPATH 95


ABSTRACT BASKETBALL PLAYERS ACHIEVE EXCELLENCE BY FITNESS LEVELS, SPORT-SPECIFIC SKILLS, AND DECISION MAKING. IN THIS ARTICLE, THE AUTHORS PRESENT A STRENGTH AND NEUROMUSCULAR POWER TRAINING METHODOLOGY, WHICH INTEGRATES THE LATEST SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE ON STRENGTH TRAINING, SUGGESTS A PRACTICAL, INTEGRATIVE, SPECIFICITY-BASED METHODOLOGY COVERING PLAYER DEVELOPMENT FROM THE WEIGHT ROOM TO THE COURT, AND INVOLVES ALL THE STAFF MEMBERS AROUND THE BASKETBALL PLAYER TO OPTIMIZE HIS/HER PREPARATION.


Tactile sensation by touching motion is one of the basic functions for human beings to recognize the characteristics and information of objects. It is known that information about touched objects is recognized through deformation of the skin, but it is difficult to physically clarify the mechanism of such sensations. In addition, there are several types of mechanoreceptors related to tactile sensation in human skin, and it is necessary to digitize the sensation in consideration of its response characteristics. The purpose of this study is to propose the product design method that recalls physical properties from mechanical information inside the skin in order to evaluate the relationship between human skin deformation and physical properties of touched objects. Humans can recognize the shape and softness of an object by pressing the skin against the surface of the object. The behavior inside the skin can be discussed by modeling the contact between human skin and rigid sphere and analyzing it mechanically by numerical simulation. Finite element method (FEM) was adopted as the numerical analysis method for this elucidation, and the three-layer laminated solid having the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous was developed as the numerical model, and mechanical information inside the skin was discussed.


Large amount of low-rise public accommodation buildings are remained in urban cities with difficulty for redevelopment, because of occupation by residents. Such residents are also tending to be aged and access improvements are also required. For solving those problem, additional isolation system on existing buildings are proposed. The system is composed of self-supporting additional floors on existing buildings, with energy-dissipation devices between existing buildings. In this paper, the structural characteristics and effects of this system are discussed, and easy estimation methods of their response are proposed.


Phthalic acid esters (PAEs) are ubiquitous in the environment, and some of them are recognized as endocrine disruptors that cause concerns on ecosystem functioning and public health. Due to the diversity of PAEs in the environment, there is a vital need to detect the total concentration of PAEs in a timely and low-cost way. To fulfill this requirement, it is highly desired to obtain group-specific PAE binders that are specific to the basic PAE skeleton. In this study, for the first time we have identified the group-specific PAE-binding aptamers via rationally designed target immobilization. The two target immobilization strategies were adopted to display either the phthalic ester group or the alkyl chain, respectively, at the surface of the immobilization matrix. The former enabled the rapid enrichment of aptamers after four rounds of selection. The top 100 sequences are cytosine-rich (44.7%) and differentiate from each other by only 1-4 nucleotides at limited locations. The top two aptamers all display the nanomolar dissociation constants to both the immobilized target and the free PAEs [dibutyl phthalate (DBP), butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP), bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP)]. We further demonstrate the applications of the aptamers in the development of high-throughput PAE assays and DEHP electrochemical biosensors with exceptional sensitivity [limit of detection (LOD), 10 pM] and selectivity (>105-fold). PAE aptamers targeting one of the most sought for targets thus offer the promise of convenient, low-cost detection of total PAEs. Our study also provides insights on the aptamer selection and sensor development of highly hydrophobic small molecules.


Tanzania is a signatory to regional and international agreements on human rights that include adolescents' sexual and reproductive health (ASRH) a program that spans the reproductive health lifecycle with special attention to the needs of very young adolescents (ages 10 to 14), preventing early pregnancy, and addressing the needs of young mothers taking into account the gender and social norms that create barriers to SRH information and services provided to adolescents, leading to poor SRH outcomes. This case study shares experiences on how civil society organizations (CSOs) have contributed to ASRH in Tanzania. It shows that CSOs have indeed aided in government ASRH efforts and have responded to young people's needs for ASRH knowledge.


The informational structure of R&D is characterized by the fact that firms are exposed to more information related to R&D successes of their competitors than to one that reveals their failures. This paper theoretically explores the feasibility of trading knowledge of R&D failures. The implications of constructing a market for R&D failures are substantive, in that they may decrease the effective cost of R&D, shorten the average time to discovery and increase the number of active R&D projects. We present the conditions required for a mutually beneficial trading of R&D failures information between competitors, as well as design tradingmechanisms and policy implications that would account for obstacles such as moral hazard, verification, over-investment and private gains.


than usual. In psychiatry, however, such populations are diflicult to find, and when found are often too small or too inaccessible for easy study. In i g5 r, Paul Lemkau,l visiting Yugoslavia as WHO consultant, noted in his report that &dquo;the most arresting research problem that came to the attention of the survey team was the conviction on the part of many physicians that the Dalmatian Islands and Istria have a very high rate of schizophrenic illness.&dquo; The present report is the first from


Floristic and characterization of grasslands vegetation of a granite hill in Southern Brazil). A floristic and vegeta- tion study was carried out in the grassland formations at Morro Sao Pedro, Porto Alegre municipality, Rio Grande do Sul State, a granitic elevation area, so far poorly surveyed, that cradles important natural vegetation remnants of the region. After the study, which lasted from April 2005 to March 2009, we found 497 angiosperm species, distributed in four main grassland formation types: dry grassland, rocky grassland, humid grassland and wetlands. Among the species list three species are noteworthy: Alstroemeria albescens, a new species for the science, Lepuropethalon spathulatum, a new record for Southern Brazil, and Thrasyopsis juergensii, a new record for the Pampa biome. Based on our results and on support from other papers we concluded that ca. 65% of the grassland species present in the granitic hills of the region belong to seven main botanical families (Astera- ceae, Poaceae, Fabaceae, Cyperaceae, Rubiaceae, Verbenaceae and Apiaceae). The species belonging to these families are also determining in the vegetation phytophysiognomical and structural composition, so that cespitous grasses predominate in the landscape, shaping a continuous gramineous layer. The grasslands at the granitic hills of the municipality have an insular present distribution, isolated in patches at hilltops, due to the presence of forests in the slopes. They show a high number of species that can be found in higher numbers in dry areas than in humid areas, and there is a gap in works concerning the characterization of humid grasslands and wetland formations inserted at hilltops. Despite the significant plant diversity of these grasslands, their representation in conservation units at the municipality is virtually inexistent.


Abstract This article proposes that in addition to training teams of students to succeed in the Mathematical Contest in Modeling, the contest and the preparation for competition can be successfully used as a framework to teach an auxiliary skill set to undergraduate STEM majors through workshop-style modules. The skills emphasized are collaboration across disciplines to creatively approach a problem, scientific writing, and the visual display of quantitative information. These skills are highly valued in industry and graduate study, yet are not always explicitly taught in a traditional undergraduate curriculum. The contest experience gives students a realistic appreciation for collaborative science work. Moreover, the active learning aspect of the preparation is broadly linked with student success in STEM, particularly for traditionally underrepresented STEM students.


For a certain family of ordinary differential equations, Nevanlinna theory is used to find all solutions in a special class. A differential equation is said to possess the (strong) Painlev´e property if all solutions have only poles as movable singularities. The solutions of such equations are particularly well behaved and the Painlev´e property is closely associated with integrability. In this thesis, we extend the idea of using singularity structure to find all special solutions with good singularity structure, even when the general solution is badly behaved. We begin by finding solutions that are meromorphic in the complex plane and more complicated than the coefficients in the equation in a sense made precise by Nevanlinna theory. Such meromorphic solutions are called admissible and include all non-rational meromorphic solutions of an equation with rational coefficients. The use of Nevanlinna theory in the entire complex plane does not allow the solutions to be branched at fixed singularities, which seems more natural from the perspective of the Painlev´e property. Motivated by this, we consider an extension of Nevanlinna theory to a large sector-like region with a deleted disc to allow for such branching and apply this theory to differential equations.


Abstract The 13th Conference and Exhibition of the Sheffield Metallurgical Association (SMEA), held on 24 and 25 June 2004, attracted 130 delegates. Twenty-two presentations in five sessions covered the latest developments in secondary steelmaking; development of process routes for increased output; optimisation of product quality; improving the performance of continuous casting; and developments in wide and fast casters and casting thin cast products, with an update on the latest in thin strip casting – Castrip at Nucor.


To study the occurrence and outcome of arrhythmia induced by acute occlu sion and reperfusion of right coronary artery,ninety healthy adult rabbits were divided randomly into control group,ischemia groups (I) 10 min(I 10 min ),30 min(I 30 min ),60 min(I 60 min ) and 120 min(I 120 min ) and ischemia and reperfusion(IR) groups (10 min,30 min,60 min and 120 min ischemia f ollowed by 4 h reperfusio n respectively)(I 10 min R 4 h ,I 30 min R 4 h ,I 60 min R 4 h and I 120 min R 4 h ).Both the control group and each su bgroup had 10 rabbits.IR injury model of sinoatrial node was established by occl uding and loosening the start section of right coronary artery.The changes of AA ,AH,HV interval and arrhythmia were recorded by electrocardiogram and cardiac ch amber electrograph synchronously.Results:①The AA,AH and HV interval of the cont rol group had no significant difference between each time points.②In experiment group,ventricular fibrillation was found in 3 rabbits,atrioventricular block(AV B) was found in 67 rabbi ts,sinus and atrial arrhythmia were found in 51 rabbits.54 out of 80 rabbits had a elongation of AA intervals (40 ms).③15 out of 26 rabbits in IR group had si nus or atrial arrhythmia during ischemic period were recovered in 20 min after reperfusion.7 rabbits in IR group had AVB during ischemia recovered in 30 m in after reperfusion.The new arrhythmia occurred during reperfusion in 3 rabbits .④The elongation of AA,AH intervals during ischemic period recovered to pre oc clusion level after reperfusion,but the AA,AH intervals prolonged again in I 120 min R 4 h groups as the reperfusion elongated.Conclusion:The acute o cclusion of right coronary can decrease the frequency of sinoatrial node and ind uce AVB,and most of them can get right after reperfusion,but the reperfusio n after a long time ischemia can induce reperfusion arrhythmia.[ Chinese Journ al of Cardiac Pacing and Electrophysiology, 2003,17(1):48~51]


Service matching is also considered to be the concept of ontology-based similarity calculations.For the IS-A relationship between the concepts of ontology structure,the paper puts forward a kind of similarity algorithm that combines information theory model with semantic distance model through the research to semantic similarity algorithm.Based on this,it also builds up a second service matching model to fulfill the effective distinguishing and matching service.


We present spectral-shearing interferometry with a high group-delay resolution that is defined as a ratio of the maximum temporal window and the shortest pulse duration. This technique allows the resolution of 104.


Atmospheric chemistry investigations often require a multitude of measurements which can be obtained only through the utilization of airborne sampling platforms. Instrument limitations and the aircraft environment present several considerations for sampling-system design, including such factors as instrument sensitivities and response times, altitude effects, sampling intervals for acquiring samples, and physical compatibility with the aircraft. An aircraft system with an extensive evolutionary instrument array has been in development at PNL for several years during which several special systems have been developed to improve aircraft measurement capabilities. A high-volume air sampling system providing flows of up to 4 m/sup 3//min and simultaneous collection of three filters in parallel has been constructued to reduce filter collection times. A constant pressure inlet system was developed to overcome adverse effects in instrument response resulting from altitude changes. The system functions so that instruments which are connected experinece a constant pre-set pressure regardless of the sampling altitude. This system is particularly useful for airborne operation of a flame photometric sulfur analyzer. Special chemiluminescence NO/NO/sub x/ analyzers utilizing photon counting were built which are capable of fast response and detecton of concentrations in the sub-ppB range.


This article introduces the Special Issue of the International Forestry Review published to honour the legacy, impact and career of the late John Spears, who was for many years the Senior Forestry Adviser at the World Bank. It outlines the long arc of his career and draws on some of
 the key themes which motivated John, and to which he returned throughout his life. In particular, it focuses on why he came to advocate for social and community forestry, the involvement of the private sector in forest plantation development, forestry research, education and training, the
 role of forests in reducing poverty, the challenges of conserving and managing tropical forests, and the potential of small and medium forest-based enterprises to contribute to job creation and economic growth. It closes with a reflection on some of the processes which were launched in parallel
 with his career and to which he contributed.


The article,based on its interpretation of doctors' professional training,attempts to reflect upon the special factors in teachers' major programs.It analyzes the merits of "instructional case study" advocated by Japanese scholars,therefore,proposing that the lesson study be a vital and valuable model to train teachers in terms of specialty and profession.


This paper explores Rajmala as a record of Tripura's dynastic history. The writings of E.F. Sandys are highlighted in this paper. According to E.F. Sandys' book 'History of Tripura,' Tripura has had contact with other parts of India since the Mahabharata period. This paper also highlights Rev. James Long's report 'Analysis of Rajmala.' Rev. Long sheds light on Tripura's dynastic past, claiming that its original name was KIRAT, and that it was ruled by rulers of the Lunar or Indo-Scythian race. This paper also discussed the king and his qualities or character, as described in the Rajmala chronicle.


Abstract BACKGROUND: To investigate the effect of enteral nutrition (EN) on intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) in severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) patients and the relationship between the decreasion of IAP and the the therapeutic effect of EN. METHODS: Eighty SAP patients were randomly divided into study group and control group (40 patients in each group). Patients in the study group received EN and Patients in the control group received total parenteral nutrition (TPN) for 7 days. Intra-cystic pressure (ICP) of the two groups was measured during treatment period. The outcomes of treatment were observed, APACHE Ⅱ scores, NB data were applied in analysis. RESULTS: The ICP data was lower in the study group than in the control group on days 4 and 5 of treatment (P < 0.05). On days 3-5 of treatment, the APACHE Ⅱ scores of the study group were lower than which of the control group (P < 0.05). Nitrogen balance (NB) date increased significantly in study group than in the control group (P < 0.05). abdominalgia relief...


1. Introduction 2. Motivations, Values and Challenges 3. Making it Happen 4. Low Impact Living: Designing and Building our Homes 5. Affordable: a Green Housing Revolution for All 6. Community: Co-operating Collectively 7. Learning from Lilac


The present invention relates to a polynucleotide having cellulolytic enhancing activity of an isolated polypeptide encoding the polypeptide isolated. The present invention further relates to a nucleic acid comprising the polynucleotide constructs, vectors and host cells, and means for making and using the polypeptides. DSM 22882 20090826


Summary: Inherited deficiency of acetaldehyde dehydrogenase type I (ALDH‐I) was found in 43% (50/117) of normals, 33% (27/82) of schizophrenics, but only 4% (5/113) of alcoholics among Japanese. The ALDH‐I deficiency was never found, however, in 146 mostly schizophrenic subjects from Europe (Basel, Moscow, Zagreb), Australia (Nedlands), India (Lucknow), Morocco (Casablanca) and Mexico (Mexico City). It was demonstrated that ALDH‐I deficiency produces the flushing syndrome which inhibits the development of drinking habit and alcohol dependence syndrome.


The implementation of current developments in environmental protection requires an intercompany cooperation. In particular if aims are pursued, which are relevant for the circular flow economy. Its main aim is to obtain a protection of nature and natural resources by achieving closed loops (related to products, materials etc.). Cooperation within circular flow economy should be composed of all participants, which are involved in the life cycle of a product (e.g. supplier, producer, retailer, distributors, re-distributors, re-producer). Therefore information has to exchange between the participants. The exchange of information can regard as a qualification for the realization of closed loops. To implement circular flow economy it is necessary to decide on environmentally conscious measures. For example which logistic processes are necessary. In this context the paper deals with an investigation of logistic processes in order to realize an economical configuration of circular flow economy systems. Therefore we use results of a research project ("Konfiguration von kooperativen Kreislaufwirtschaftssystemen unter besonderer Berücksichtigung von Logistikdienstleistern" within the scope of the Research Center of Logistics at the University of Bremen (FoLo)). This research project was accomplished in cooperation with the University of Bremen, the Institute of Shipping Economics and Logistics (ISL) as well as the BLG International Logistics GmbH & Co.


During childhood, neurological involvement in tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a leading cause of death. Neurological involvement, including epilepsy, can cause significant long-term sequelae in children. Brain involvement in TSC can be detected by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Still, neuroimaging analysis is time-and labor-intensive, begging the need for automated approaches to these tasks to improve speed, accuracy, and availability. We explored the general feasibility of using three-dimensional convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to automatically enhance image diagnosis quality and consistency to identify anatomical abnormalities in TSC children. We trained the 3D CNN on axial T1-weighted, axial T2-weighted FLAIR, and 3DT1-FSPGR weighted images from 296 TSC and 245 Normal cases from birth to 8 years of age acquired at LeBonheur Children's Hospital. In the best performing approach, we achieved an accuracy of 0.86 [95% CI:0.76-0.97] with 0.95% AUC. The code can be found in https://github.com/shabanian2018/TSC3DCNN


Text categorization-assignment of natural language texts to one or more predefined categories based on their content-is an important component in many information organization and management tasks. Categorization algorithm is the most critical factor to text categorization system performance. The inductive learning classifiers are put forward. Very accurate text categorization result can be learned automatically from training examples.


Visual merchandising has been often neglected when it comes to determinants that affect the customer buying behavior in a retail store. Shopping has become a brand experience rather than merely a transaction. The moment of real purchase takes place at the point of purchase where the decision on how much to buy is made. The store's future depends on what the consumer sees and experiences at the store. Thus retail design and visual merchandising play a crucial role in creating this difference. This paper mainly focuses in knowing the customers insights on visual merchandise and its effect on customers buying decision while shopping. An empirical approach has been adopted with 202 as respondents at INMARK retail store. A structured questionnaire was used for the same followed by data analysis and interpretation using SPSS. Results do reveal that visual merchandising plays a significant role in apparel purchase decision of the customers.


: Driver's operation is dominant factor in vehicle rollover accident. In order to explore the mechanism of vehicle rollover caused by driver's operation, the rollover stability of a driver-vehicle closed loop system is analyzed and the differential braking control strategy is put forward for vehicle rollover prevention. Taking the perception, decision-making and execution parts of the driver into consideration, a multiple degrees of freedom dynamic model of the driver-vehicle closed loop system is established. From the model, the laws of the vehicle rollover stability affected by the main parameters of the driver are discussed, including the driver's experience parameters, neuron delay time, and muscular delay time. Also, the anti rollover control strategy is presented using the PID differential braking method based on the dynamics of the driver-vehicle closed loop system and the electro hydraulic braking (EHB) device. Furthermore, some numerical simulations are given for a sport utility vehicle (SUV) rollover in typical cases. The results show that the parameters of the driver's experience and neuron delay time exert an important effect on vehicle rollover stability, and the proposed control strategy can effectively improve active safety for vehicle anti-rollover.


Dimethylamine borane (DMAB) is a versatile reducing agent which may be catalytically oxidised at a wide range of materials. Metals of interest to the ICT industry that may be deposited from DMAB based solutions include gold, nickel, cobalt, platinum and copper. It also facilitates a wide range of magnetic alloy materials with low codeposition of boron. This work has focused on analysing the mechanism for DMAB oxidation in the first case at gold to assist in the plating bath formulations for optimised deposition and plating bath operation.


Customer Service Note: We are sorry for the inconvenience, but the voucher with the online access code is missing from the first printing of this title. However, we do have the code, available upon request. Please contact O'Reilly Media Customer Service at firstname.lastname@example.com or call 800-889-8969 or 707-827-7019 to obtain your 24-character access code. This code will give you access to your online edition of this Microsoft Press book that is hosted on Safari Books Online! Once you have obtained your unique access code: Go to http://microsoftpress.oreilly.com/safarienabled and enter your unique 24-character access code, including the hyphens. Set up your free Safari account (required), following the instructions on-screen. Enjoy unlimited access to your online edition on the Web! PLEASE NOTE: Each access code may only be redeemed once. Again, for assistance, please contact O'Reilly Media Customer Service at firstname.lastname@example.com or call 800-889-8969 or 707-827-7019. You're beyond the basics, so dive right into troubleshooting Windows 7 -- and really put your PC to work! This supremely organized reference describes hundreds of prevention tips, troubleshooting techniques, and recovery tools in one essential guide. It's all muscle and no fluff. Discover how the experts keep their Windows 7-based systems running smoothly -- and challenge yourself to new levels of mastery. Take control of essential Windows 7 maintenance and security features, such as the Action Center and User Account Control Master quick fixes to the most common problems using expert tips and step-by-step repair guides Implement best practices to help prevent and combat viruses, malware, and identity theft Apply advanced troubleshooting techniques by understanding how Windows 7 works Diagnose hardware problems and work safely with your PC Develop a recovery plan to restore your system and data in the event of a disaster Know when to use power utilities for advanced performance, maintenance, and diagnostics Your book -- online! Get your fully searchable online edition -- with unlimited access on the Web.


We review an exact analytical resolution method for general one-dimensional quantal anharmonic oscillators: stationary Schrödinger equations with polynomial potentials. It is an exact form of WKB treatment involving 'spectral' (usual) versus 'classical' (newer) zeta-regularizations in parallel. The central results are a set of Bohr–Sommerfeld-like but exact quantization conditions, directly drawn from Wronskian identities, and appearing to extend the Bethe-ansatz formulae of integrable systems. Such exact quantization conditions do not just select the eigenvalues; some evaluate the spectral determinants, and others the wavefunctions, for the spectral parameter in general position. This article is part of a special issue of Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and Theoretical in honour of Stuart Dowker's 75th birthday devoted to 'Applications of zeta functions and other spectral functions in mathematics and physics'.


A fine focus X-ray tube of the new type was constructed. The electron gun has double wehnelt cylinders. The size of the X-ray source was measured by means of an X-ray pinhole camera. The size of the source becomes very small for the positive value of the bias voltage on the inner cylinder with which the image of the filament is formed on the anode. The finest X-ray source obtained is 40µ in half width and 400µ in length. The peak specific loading is about 8×10 5 W/cm 2 at the filament temperature 1,700°K which assures long life of the filament.


As a typical means of socialized learning, peer assessment has become a powerful supplement to traditional classroom teaching. However, due to the diversity of participants' educational background, personality, moral standards, and other factors, the learning community will soon differentiate into several behavior strategies: sucker, cheat, grudger, and so on. In this study, we analyze and define the major roles of adopting these strategies in peer review learning communities and propose three propositions of evolutionary stability strategies (ESS). Based on the concept model of peer assessment role evolution, through mathematical deduction, it is proved that the sucker is not an ESS, but the cheat and the grudger are both ESSs. Wishing to build a reciprocal learning community, we put forward two management strategies developing grudger-dominating ESS.


Residents of high-density cities benefit from urban ecology and landscapes that incorporate green belts. A green-belt landscape can be both aesthetically pleasing and environmentally friendly, and makes use of energy-saving and sustainable materials. This study used the urban development that is taking place in the municipal area of Taichung of Central Taiwan as an empirical case to explore the impact of shadow from high-rise buildings on open spaces. The relative sunshine hours (RSH) of selected points in the cross-shaped green belt, in which trees are planted in rows, was simulated and calculated. The results show that the RSH differs according to location and season, which may affect the type of plants to be grown in a specific area. For example, an RSH of less than 30% was recorded over 21% of the green belt during the winter solstice. During the summer solstice, an RSH of more than 70% was recorded over 74% of the green belt. This may be too much sun for certain plants and public activities. We also monitored the RSH at selected measuring points of adjacent avenue. The RSH at these points varied from 7 to 96% during the summer solstice and 10 to 95% during the winter solstice. Our result s show that in a green belt the same types of plants may be subject to various natural light conditions. This study can help cities to design green belts that are visually appealing, sustainable, and cost effective.


This thesis presents an investigation into the aerodynamic design and performance estimation of radial inflow turbines for renewable power generation (RPG) applications with particular focus on low (100 C) to moderate (250 C) resource temperature Organic Rankine Cycles (ORC). At a preliminary stage, Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS) applications provided the main motivation to develop a novel power system. To this end, radial inflow turbines were considered as the most appropriate turbine/expander for a proof-of-concept supercritical carbon dioxide (CO2) Brayton cycle EGS application. This was based on turbine charts developed from the performance of various real-world turbomachines across their ranges of utilisation, and also by carrying out the design of several radial inflow turbines for a geothermal power plant, making use of CO2 as the working fluid in order to achieve a high thermal cycle efficiency. These designs were used to perform Computational Fluid Dynamics, (CFD) calculations and export loading data in order to perform a Finite Element Analysis (FEA) study and determine the feasibility of the proposed designs. Different arrangements (single-stage and two-stage) were trialled and results suggested that such designs can be made feasible for a reasonable working life, if attention is given to hub and blade design as well as material selection. Furthermore, a comprehensive one-dimensional meanline design and performance estimation approach for radial inflow turbines and its integration with a thermodynamic cycle analysis procedure are presented as the core of the thesis. An original code was developed in Python that takes a novel approach to the automatic selection of feasible machines for a given application based on predefined operating conditions. It comprises a brute-force search algorithm that traverses the entire search space based on key non-dimensional parameters and rotational speed. In this study, an in-depth analysis and subsequent implementation of relevant loss models as well as selection criteria for radial inflow turbines is addressed. Real and theoretical test cases were trialled and results showed good agreement when compared to published designs as well as other (available) codes. The presented approach was found to be valid and the model was found to be a useful tool with regards to the preliminary design and performance estimation of radial inflow turbines. The model was then upgraded through the implementation of different input parameter options and real-gas formulation based on an established and validated thermodynamic and transport properties database model: NIST REFPROP (Lemmon et al., 2007). This facilitated its integration with a thermodynamic power cycle analysis code. The integration involved the creation of a MySQL database capable of accommodating and sorting large amounts of data and resulted in the creation of a model-based radial inflow turbine database for a range of ORC cycle conditions that employed a variety of working fluids. This provides a more consistent approach with regards to the estimation of the overall performance of ORCs, because conventional methods typically assume a predefined value for the efficiency of the turbomachinery used in the cycle (e. g., Marcuccilli & Thiolet, 2010). This database permitted the establishment of several model-based correlations with regards to the use of these turbines and cycles by determining relations between cycle performance (specific energy production, B from a hot resource) and typical operating point constraints, such as the resource fluid temperature and high-side pressure. The coupled cycle – radial inflow turbine calculations were performed for a set of eight fluids: R125, R143a, RC318, R236ea, R152a, R134a, R227ea and R245fa, across a resource fluid temperature range of 100.0 C to 250.0 C. R152a was found to yield the highest number of feasible radial inflow turbine designs and presented a decreased dependency between power output and turbine feasibility for the considered conditions. In general terms, R143a was found to produce the best cycle performance (B) for most resource fluid temperatures up to 210.0 C. Results from the coupled model highlight that the overall performance (B) and power output of the cycle are strongly dependent on both the efficiency and feasibility of the turbine. These were also found to have a profound impact on the operational ranges of the entire system and cannot be disregarded for optimum system design. The CFD-based approach to performance estimation of radial inflow turbines is also investigated in this thesis. It comprised the use of different commercial codes: Fluent, CFX from ANSYS Inc. (2009); and Eilmer3, an in-house compressible-flow code (Jacobs et al., 2010a). This involved the selection of solvers, numerical schemes, solution initialisation, setup of boundary conditions and appropriate selection of turbulence models. The three-dimensional steady-state numerical simulations were performed considering radial inflow turbine geometries from published literature and allowed to establish a set of standard test cases for code development. The results were found to provide a fair agreement between the commercial codes by comparing loading and velocity data. Eilmer3 was adapted for turbomachinery calculations by the addition of terms for the rotating frame of reference, programmable boundary conditions for periodic boundaries and a mixing plane interface between the rotating and non-rotating blocks. Its suitability for this type of calculations was addressed and results were found to provide a fair agreement with other codes when assuming inviscid flow. Finally, a set of CFD mesh blocking-schemes based on the relative dimensions of these machines was defined in the course of this thesis. This is applicable to high stator vane angle designs as well as to most radial inflow turbine rotor geometries. Also, it may be used or integrated to produce high-quality CFD meshes, suitable for the simulation of this type of machines. This becomes particularly useful for applications which require an automated CFD mesh generator, the target application here being the CFD-based optimisation of radial inflow turbine blades.


The main objective of this thesis is to establish a viable Business Plan for the production and merchandising of the beverage ALCOHOL KILLER in Quito. The main goal is to offer a quality product to our customers achieving quick expansion in the Ecuadorian market. The company, ALCOHOL KILLER Ecuador, will be in charge of the exclusive production distribution of the Slovenian Brand ALCOHOL KILLER in Ecuador, being the only distributor of this beverage in the local market. This way the company can assure the constant supply of the product allowing for a faster short and medium term expansion. To define the target market it was necessary to focus on a segment of 28.610 people between the ages of 20 and 44, who live in the urban area of Quito, belonging to the economically active population, of average and high socioeconomic status and who consume alcoholic beverages. The investigation was focused on this segment to analyze their needs and behavior to establish the necessary strategies that fulfill these parameters. Once that the general strategies where defined, it was necessary to proceed with the proper planning to establish the Company. The Company will have the top technology in order to produce a drink that complies with the best quality standards. The product has to be able to compete with the already existing products in the market. For this the main strategies that will be used are positioning and differentiation strategies in order to fulfill the companies and the Brands objectives. The Business Model Works with a Royalties scheme which will be paid periodically to the Brand in Slovenia. In addition to the production costs, this allows for an efficient cost management allowing for profitable margins. ALCOHOL KILLER ECUADOR will consist of a young and dynamic work team who provides new and creative ideas for a productive work performance. The Company will need a total of $106303 initial investment which will be financed by a Bank Loan as 50% of the total and the rest 50% as capital investment.


In this paper based on the assumption of the fractional Black-Scholes model,the classical quadratic approximation in the Black-Scholes model is applied to pricing American options with continuous-paying dividends,similar approximate formulas are derived,and the influence of dividends on early exercise of American options is analyzed.


We present the online Newton's method, a single-step second-order method for online nonconvex optimization. We analyze its performance and obtain a dynamic regret bound that is linear in the cumulative variation between round optima. We show that if the variation between round optima is limited, the method leads to a constant regret bound. In the general case, the online Newton's method outperforms online convex optimization algorithms for convex functions and performs similarly to a specialized algorithm for strongly convex functions. We simulate the performance of the online Newton's method on a nonlinear, nonconvex moving target localization example and find that it outperforms a first-order approach.


The ministry of Yonggi Cho, which he began after his retirement, offers important lessons in the context of the modern mission. He work as the wholistic mission is recommended by both traditional and progressive parties. According to this trend, the Sharing of Love and Happiness Foundation can be considered as an example of the wholistic mission, which carries the Great Commission of God by the church. Thus, the writer wants to study the motivation, methods, and influence of "Sharing of Love and Happiness" of Yonggi Cho which belongs to a wholistic mission. The content of this paper is wholistic mission of NGO and "Sharing of Love and Happiness" in the ministry of Yonggi Cho. He made the Three-fold Blessing from the gospel of Jesus. It is a message which confirms that humans have a right to share in salvation of souls, all other matters, and in the well-being of their bodies. The ministry of Cho's wholistic mission structure is also to change the frame of old traditional dogmatics. He constructed the shape of wholistic mission through three-fold blessings and proved it, through Good People which is a NGO. The writer evaluates that the Sharing of Love and Happiness Foundation is a model of the wholistic mission, presenting the future ministry of the Korean Church.


Simulating large blast event using small-scale explosive charges detonation has become a major tool in assessing the effects of terroristic or accidental threats. Scaling laws adapted to modern plastic explosives however still require to be refined to achieve the necessary precision on the blast induced damages determination. This statement was the starting point of the cooperation between the Institute for Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN), a French public institute with industrial and commercial activities, and the French-German Research Institute of Saint Louis (ISL), a bi-national military research institute. During the past few years, IRSN developed a strong experience on hemispherical blast effect assessment using 42 g Hexomax® charges detonated in contact to a ground surface equipped with different types of pressure sensors (piezo-electric and piezo-resistive). Based on this experience, ISL developed a new outdoor blast-pad located at its own explosive range: 400 g TNT equivalent charges are detonated in a factor 2 up-scaled version of IRSN test configuration. Similar sensors are flush-mounted inside a metallic rail integrated below the concrete pad surface. Blast effects generated by cast-TNT, Hexomax® were recorded at the different IRSN reference scaled-up distances. Peak overpressure, peak positive impulse and arrival time are analyzed and compared for the two different scales, in order to verify Hexomax® scalability between the two configurations, as well as the TNT equivalent factors (in peak overpressure or positive impulse) of Hexomax®. All these measurements are supported by a high speed imaging setup based on Background Oriented Schlieren (BOS) technique.


Malware is defined as a sequence of instructions performing actions intended by an attacker or hacker without the consent of the owner when executed. This paper gives overview of three main malwares: Stuxnet, Flame and MyDoom and obfuscation of these malware. The paper also explains analysis of MyDoom using three signature techniques: Armadillo, InstallShield and UPX. A vast numberof malware is packed by packers. Obfuscation tools are not only cost effective and readily available, but also provide an effective camouflage to malware code. Unpacking and analyzing the malicious code may appear an optimum solution to this problem; but provided with gigantic number of malware being released every single day, this is not a tranquil piece of work for security companies and researchers. In this paper we aim to provide a comprehensive summary of packer problem with practical demonstration of their effectiveness and we will be reviewing various generic techniques to handle this problem. Key-Words: -malware, packers, obfuscation, reverse engineering, analysis, stuxnet, flame


Objective To investigate acid-suppression efficacy of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) in relation to CYP2C19 genetic polymorphism on patients with peptic ulcer. Methods By an open, randomized and control trial, fifty nine patients with active peptic ulcer were randomly assigned to receive one of three PPIs on a single dose (20 mg of each drug) omeprazole group (n=19), rabeprazole group (n=20) and esomeprazole group (n=20). Intragastric pH was recorded 1 hour before and 24 hours after administration. CYP2C19 genotype was tested in all patients. Results The EMs/PMs ratio of each group was 16/3, 17/3 and 17/3, respectively. The total time that intragastric pH>4, time percent pH>4 and median pH in PMs patients were significantly higher than those in EMs patients of omeprazole group (P<0.05). But all these differences were not found in rabeprazole group and esomeprazole group. The pH of nocturnal acid breakthrough (NAB) in both rabeprazole group and esomeprazole group was higher than that of omeprazole group, while there was no significant difference between rabeprazole group and esomeprazole group. Conclusion The acid-suppression efficacy of omeprazole is highly dependent on CYP2C19 genetic polymorphism, while CYP2C19 genetic polymorphism may have a little influence on the acid-suppression efficacy of rabeprazole and esomeprazole. The acid-suppression action of rabeprazole and esomeprazole is superior to omeprazole, especially on night acid secretion.


Geocoding is the process of assigning location, basically in the form of x and y values
(coordinates), to an address by comparing the descriptive location elements in the
address to those present in the reference materials. Besides, the geocoding process is
involving steps in translating an address entry. Postal code enhancement is not new in
this world. Many countries for example United States, United Kingdom and France
are always updating their postal code from time to time. Regardless until new, there is
non-upgrading research being made to Malaysia's postcode system. The objectives of
this study are to review the capabilities of geocoding in ArcGIS and QGIS and to
compare both software in terms of completeness and positional accuracy. In
geocoding process using ArcGIS reference data is needed. Data of road and proposed
postcode are used as the reference data in this research. The geocoding analysis is
done using a proposed postal code made for pilot study area, Kangar Perils, which this
postal code is generated by using a specific coding model that made for Malaysia, The
result of each geocoding method using by each software is determines and compared
based on their match rates and accuracy. The result shows both software has equally
capabilities in geoeoding.


Method of economic-statistic farm grouping according to the extent of seeding impurity for determination of agro economical loss from weed plants was used.


Subjects who have incurred an osteoporotic fracture are at high risk of further fracture. Recent publications by the Department of Health, the National Osteoporosis Society and the Royal College of Physicians have recommended that these patients should receive appropriate life-style advice and treatment for osteoporosis. The study aims to determine whether patients who had incurred a fracture of the hip or wrist were aware of the term osteoporosis and whether they had received advice or treatment for this condition following their fracture. All patients attending Stepping Hill hospital, Stock-port, with a fracture wrist or hip between 1 Jan and 31 May 2000 were identified. A postal questionnaire was sent to these patients in Jan 2001 (at least 6 months following their fracture). The questionnaire sought information on awareness, investigations, advice and treatment received for osteoporosis. After exclusion of patients who had died, 191 patients (102 wrist fractures, 89 fractured hip) were sent a questionnaire. Response rate was 87%. Although 79% of patients were aware of the term osteoporosis, only 22% had received any investigations, 21 % were given lifestyle advice and only 18% received treatment. Despite the strong evidence that early treatment decreases the incidence of subsequent fractures, the results from this study continue to confirm that most patients are neither investigated nor treated for osteoporosis. This illustrates the wide discrepancy between knowledge and action in this field. All the patients with minimal trauma fractures will pass through an orthopaedic department at some point in their ongoing management for the fracture – however little responsibility is taken for the management of osteoporosis within the orthopaedic departments – a missed opportunity.


Epidemic jaundice, now referred t o as hepatitis .4 infection, was reported as early ah the eighth century ( 1 ) . Hepatitis A virus (HAV) was not identified, however. until 1973 (2 ) . The virus was first propagated in cell culture in 1979 ( 3 ) , and i n 1981 cloned cDNA was obtained from a portion of the genome ( 4 ) . In 1983, over 99% of the viral genome was molecularly cloned ( 5 ) . and in recent years much informat ion has accumulated regarding the structure of' the HA\,' genome, variation among different strains, antigenic sites on the virus and the molecular basis of attenuation. This review will focus on recent developments in HA\' research at the molecular level and relate these findings t o development of new vaccines. HAV is classified as a rnemher of' the picornavirus family. Other viruses in this family that infect humans include poliovirus, coxsackievirus, echovirus and rhinovirus. Like other picornaviruses, HAV is a nonenveloped particle approximately 27 nm in diameter and contains a single-stranded plus-sense RNA genome. In contrast to other picorna\iruses. wild-type HAV grows poorly in cell culture, does not cause cytopathic effects and tends to establish persistent infections in cells. HAV does not shut off host protein synthesis. and many antiviral agents, which inhihit growth of' other picornaviruses, have no effect on replication of' HAV. tinlike other picornaviruses. H A V is stable at 60°C tor 1 hr. Although numerous serotypes have been reported for poliovirus. rhinovirus, echovirus and coxsackievirus. there is only one known serotvpe f'or HAV.


This paper examines the following puzzle in the Indonesian electoral results: while the 2019 election showed clear cleavage voting at the presidential level, such voting was not apparent in the national legislative elections, which are held at the same time. It considers two different explanations for this divergence, split-ticket voting and the distinctions in the electoral system between the presidential election and the election for the national legislature. It concludes that the structure of the different voting systems does the best job of explaining the differences in voting patterns.


Objective To study the volume of lateral cerebral ventricle in neonates with threedimensional ultrasonography(3F-US),and to investigate the influence of sex,body weight(BW),head circumference(HC)and gestational age(GA) on it. Methods A total of 255 healthy neonates (GA 28~40 weeks) were examined with 3D cranial ultrasound. The ultrasonography was performed with anterior fontanel as the acoustic window,and the data were aquired at the deck of third ventricle on coronal section.The 3D image on the screen was constructed automatically and the volume of lateral cerebral ventricle was (P=0.809),and there was negative correlation between the volume of lateral cerebral ventricle and GA(r=-0.971). The correlation between the volume of lateral cerebral ventricle and HC was positive(r≥According to the relationships among HC(X 1),GA(X 2)and volume of lateral cerebral ventricle(Y),a linear regression equation Y=2.298-0.011 X1-0.04 X2 was obtained(the determinate coefficient R2 was accurately,which would be helpful to the evaluation on the cerebral maturity and the diagnosis of cerebral desease in neonates without wound.

Key words:
Ultrasonography,three-dimensional; Infant,newborn; Lateral ventricles


Objective To investigate, in the high plateau low oxygen environment (altitude about 2850m), how the mental fatigue affects the human meta-cognitive ability to self-monitor overt performance during the period of 45h complete sleep deprivation.Methods Under the complete sleep deprivation,7 healthy subjects, were selected to do this kind of meta-cognitive ability test one time at every 6h during the period of two days, and their behavioral data were collected. The specific test content is a group of serial addition tasks including six difficulty levels. Results ① Through the global analyzing, the correlation ratio between the correct reaction rate and the subjective rating degree is 0.63 (P0.01), this ratio shows the both has a higher consistency ;② Analyzing the three calibration index of the whole test , namely the correlation coefficient between the subjective rating degree and the correct reaction rate, the slope of the calibration curve and the correct reaction rate associated with the subjective highest certainty, we find that, regarding these three index, there are no significant difference between these different tests (P0.05), the F values of the three index are F 7, 43≈0.455、F 7, 43≈ 0.646 and F 7,43≈ 1.001 respectively. Conclusion The human meta-cognitive ability to self-monitor overt performance is a relative independent ability. If the altitude is not higher than 2850m, and the SD duration is not beyond 45h, this ability is almost not impaired, the method of subjective rating can be used to measure the mental fatigue.


- The glycolysis of polyurethane foam waste with use of (MDI) and 1,6-hexanediol (HDO) results in glycolysate with hydroxyl end groups and viscosity allowing the further processing. Polyurethanes (PUR) were synthesized by prepolymer method from diphenylmethane diisocyanate and glycolysate and then the chain of obtained diisocyanate prepolymer was extended with 1,4-butanediol (BDO), ethylene glycol (GE) or HDO (Table 1). FTIR spectra of PUR samples (Fig. 1) as well as gaseous products of their decomposition at temp. up to 609 °C (Fig. 3 and 4, Table 2) were analyzed in detail. Thermal stability of PUR has been determined by thermogravimetry (Fig. 2). At temperature about 320 °C weight loss equals 5 %. Tensile properties (Table 3), abrasion and density of PUR were also characterized.


The Towed Radar Active Decoy (TRAD) is an essential way to counter the mono-pulse radar seeker, both ground to air and air to air. It has some successful battle documentation, but the actual effect is usually limited by multiple factor. This thesis briefly introduced the mechanism of TRAD, some key parameters related to its effectiveness are analyzed, such as the equivalent radiation power, the cable length and the off target distance. Finally, the conclusion is proposed, which is useful to engineering application direction.


Determining the precise number of photons in a weak optical pulse is of crucial importance for imaging, computing or communication applications that use single photons or few photons to increase the performance of classical techniques. Single photons or pair of photons can for instance be used to enhance the resolution of optical imaging techniques or to transmit information with ultimate security using quantum cryptography. In order to maintain this performance gain in such applications, the exact number of photons must be measured and monitored. In this contribution we present a method to measure the number of photons in an optical pulse by using 7 superconducting nanowire single photon detectors. Since a single SNSPD is not sensitive to the number of incoming photons, the optical signal multiplexing is necessary to measure photon correlations among the channels and thus reconstruct the input photons statistics. The readout and counting of the photon arrivals is performed with a fast multi-channel Asynchronous-Correlated-Digital-Counter (ACDC) implemented in the Programmable Logic (PL) of a Xilinx ZYNQ-7020 SoC device. The test of the technique has been performed coupling a weak laser via a fiber multiplexer to an array of individually fiber-coupled detectors.


Objective: To investigate the influences of Ramulus Cinnamomi volatile oils to the acute pneumonia model by LPS on the expression of TLR2,TLR4 and MYD88 in rats acute pheumonia tiusse.Method:The model of acute pneumonia was made,After treatment 5 days by VORC,6 hours later,collected the lung tiusse in aseptic condition,extracted mRNA and measured the expression of TLR2,TLR4 and MYD88 by Real-time PCR,analyzed and evaluated VORC pharmacodynamic actions.Result:Compared with control group,the expression of TLR2,TLR4 and MYD88 mRNA of model group increased evidently.VORC can depress the expression of TLR2、TLR4 and MyD88 mRNA in rats acute pheumonia tiusse.Conclusion:Depressing the expression of TLR2,TLR4 and MYD88 mRNA may be the elementary basis of VORC play "jiebiao" effect.


Abstract Twenty-one taxa of the genus Udotea from the tropical western Atlantic are treated. Ten new species (U. abbottiorum, U. caribaea, U. dixonii, U. dotyi, U. fibrosa, U. goreaui, U. looensis, U. luna, U. norrisii, U. unistratea) and one new variety (U. cyathiformis var. flabellifolia) are described. Udotea sublittoralis W.R. Taylor and U.infundibulum J. Agardh are reduced to formae of U. cyathiformis Decaisne. Distinguishing features of the eight pre-existing taxa are clarified, and all 21 taxa are illustrated. A cladistic analysis, with all 47 characters weighted equally, of the Udotea species from the tropical western Atlantic indicates that, although 11 of the 12 phylogenetic trees produced represent a gradation without formally recognizable groups and no major evolutionary breaks, the twelfth tree depicts four monophyletic groups and one paraphyletic group. The group possessing the most derived characters (Flabellum group) consists of the fully corticated species with blunt-tipped lateral append...


It is well-known that the traditional functional regression model is mainly based on the least square or likelihood method. These methods usually rely on some strong assumptions, such as error independence and normality, that are not always satisfied. For example, the response variable may contain outliers, and the error term is serially correlated. Violation of assumptions can result in unfavorable influences on model estimation. Therefore, a robust estimation procedure of a semi-functional linear model with autoregressive error is developed to solve this problem. We compare the efficiency of our procedure to the least square method through a simulation study and two real data analyses. The conclusion illustrates that the proposed method outperforms the least square method, providing random errors follow the heavy-tail distribution.


Glucose serves as the major energy substrate and the main precursor for the synthesis of glycosaminoglycans in chondrocytes. Facilitated glucose transport represents the first rate-limiting step in glucose metabolism. This study examines molecular regulation of facilitated glucose transport in normal human articular chondrocytes by proinflammatory cytokines. IL-1β and TNF-α, and to a lesser degree IL-6, accelerate facilitated glucose transport as measured by [3H]2-deoxyglucose uptake. IL-1β induces an increased expression of glucose transporter (GLUT) 1 mRNA and protein, and GLUT9 mRNA. GLUT3 and GLUT8 mRNA are constitutively expressed in chondrocytes and are not regulated by IL-1β. GLUT2 and GLUT4 mRNA are not detected in chondrocytes. IL-1β stimulates GLUT1 protein glycosylation and plasma membrane incorporation. IL-1β regulation of glucose transport in chondrocytes depends on protein kinase C and p38 signal transduction pathways, and does not require phosphoinositide 3-kinase, extracellular signal-related kinase, or c-Jun N-terminal kinase activation. IL-1β-accelerated glucose transport in chondrocytes is not mediated by endogenous NO or eicosanoids. These results demonstrate that stimulation of glucose transport represents a component of the chondrocyte response to IL-1β. Two classes of GLUTs are identified in chondrocytes, constitutively expressed GLUT3 and GLUT8, and the inducible GLUT1 and GLUT9.


Glycaspis brimblecombei Moore, 1964 (Hemiptera Psyllidae) is a sap-sucking insect known for being a severe pest in several Eucalyptus spp. This paper provides new information about the first record of G. brimblecombei in Algeria and Greece, and new information about its biology, analyzing the evolution and reasons of its expansion. It is also the first record of the parasitic wasp Psyllaephagus bliteus Riek in Algeria, frequently used as biological control of this psyllid. Samplings were carried out in European and North African Mediterranean countries from 2011 to 2013.


Objective: To evaluate the Cica-β test for rapid detection of extendedspectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) in Gram-negative bacteria. Methods: Forty strains of Pseudomonas spp, Klebsiella spp, Escherichia coli and Enterobacter spp that produce previously characterized β -lactamases were retested using the Cica-β test. This test measures hydrolysis of the chromogenic oxyimino-cephalosporin HMRZ-86 with and without specific inhibitors of extended-spectrum and AmpC s-lactamases. The results were scored according to color changes from yellow to red. Results: A total of 33.3% of extended-spectrum producers and 66.7% of AmpC β-lactamase producers were correctly identified by the Cica-β test. Conclusion: The Cica-β test is not likely to be useful in routine screening for extended-spectrum β-lactamase because it is very expensive and performs poorly in this context.


The initial segment of the epididymis of rats, fixed with glutaral‐dehyde, was postfixed with reduced osmium, a technique that clearly delineates the membranes of cisternae of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the various elements of the Golgi apparatus, or with tannic acid to enhance the coats of vesicles and ribosomes on ER cisternae. The material was also treated to demonstrate various phosphatase activities (NADPase, TPPase, CMPase, G‐6‐Pase) or impregnated with osmium tetroxide.


A method is described for measuring small resistance changes in microminiature circuits while these are subjected to neutron irradiation from an atomic reactor. Sensitivities of a few parts per million have been achieved.


Abstract It is imperative that all stakeholders within the research ecosystem take responsibility to improve research integrity and reliability of published research. Based on the unique experiences of a specialist publishing ethics and research integrity team within a major publisher, this article provides insights into the observed trends of misconduct and how those have evolved over time, and addresses key actions needed to improve the interface between researchers, funders, institutions and publishers to collectively improve research integrity on a global scale.


The literature relating to road surface failure and design is briefly reviewed and the conventional methods for assessing the road damaging effects of dynamic tyre forces are examined. A new time domain technique for analysing dynamic tyre forces and four associated road damage criteria are presented. The tyre force criteria are used to examine the road damaging characteristics of a simple tandem-axle vehicle model for a range of speed and road roughness conditions. It is concluded that for the proposed criteria, the theoretical service life of road surfaces that are prone to fatigue failure may be reduced significantly by the dynamic component of wheel forces. The damage done to approximately five per cent of the road surface area during the passage of a theoretical model vehicle at typical highway speeds may be increased by as much as four times.


The present study is an experimental test of Fiedler's (1967) Contingency Model of Leadership Effectiveness across genders, as Fiedler's Contingency Model has been tested largely with male participants. The model predicts group performance based on four key variables: leadership style, as indexed by the Least-Preferred Coworker (LPC) Scale, and three situational variables, leader-member relations, task structure, and position power. In situations characterized by high leader-member relations, and low position power, Fiedler predicts a negative correlation between leader's LPC score and group performance when groups perform a structured task (Octant II), and a positive correlation when groups perform an unstructured task (Octant IV). The focus of the present paper is on the relationship between gender, leadership style, and group effectiveness across these two unique situations outlined by Fiedler (1967). Results were expected to show that the Contingency Model would accurately predict the negative correlation between LPC score and group performance in Octant II and the positive correlation in Octant IV for male-led groups. It was unknown whether the model would accurately predict these relationships for female-led groups based on previous literature. Results for both genders indicated that there was no statistically significant relationship between group performance and leader's LPC score. Overall, these findings suggest that the Contingency Model may not accurately predict the relationship between group performance and LPC score in two octants as laid out by Fiedler (1967) in modern leadership contexts.


Although we have defined one-way functions on the infinite domain of all binary strings, for cryptographic applications we are often interested in strings of of a fixed length n, where n is determined by a security parameter. We have already seen in section 15.1 of lecture 5 that a one-way function defined only on lengths in a set I can be used to build a one-way function defined on all lengths, provided that I is polynomial-time enumerable. Intuitively, this just means that I is not too sparse and there are feasible algorithms for enumerating I and deciding membership in I—all the things you would expect from a " nice " set, for example, the set of all even numbers. Later, when we want to talk about trapdoor functions, we'll again need to consider lengths separately, since a trapdoor string (think RSA private key for now) only works for a finite set of inputs (the numbers in Z * n for RSA). Because of this, we shift gears slightly and consider infinite collections of finite functions instead of a single infinite functions.


We study the learning dynamics of neural networks from a general point of view. The environment from which the network learns is defined as a set of input stimuli. At discrete points in time, one of these stimuli is presented and an incremental learning step takes place. If the time between learning steps is drawn from a Poisson distribution, the dynamics of an ensemble of learning processes is described by a continuous-time master equation. A learning algorithm that enables a neural network to adapt to a changing environment must have a nonzero learning parameter. This constant adaptability, however, goes at cost of fluctuations in the plasticities, such as synapses and thresholds. The ensemble description allows us to study the asymptotic behavior of the plasticities for a large class of neural networks. For small learning parameters, we derive an expression for the size of the fluctuations in an unchanging environment. In a changing environment, there is a trade-off between adaptability and accuracy (i.e., size of the fluctuations). We use the networks of Grossberg [J. Stat. Phys. 48, 105 (1969)] and Oja [J. Math. Biol. 15, 267 (1982)] as simple examples to analyze and simulate the performance of neural networks in a changing environment. In some cases an optimal learning parameter can be calculated.


This text provides a comparative perspective on two major coalfields, in order to allow a historically constructed view of the patterns of experience and behaviour in mining communities. It shows how the contrasting cultural formations, social structures and power relationships within West Virginia and South Wales definitely shaped the content and form of industrial conflict, as well as broader political identities and languages. This led to huge labour "civil wars" in West Virginia, backed by appeals to an ambigous Americanism, while the South Wales miners embarked on less violent solidaristic strike activity, accompanied by a shift towards labourist and class politics. The book draws on a wide range of sources in both Britain and the US, and provides an insight into the complex world of the coal miner. It should be useful to those interested in US and British social and labour history, and the regional histories of Wales and Appalachia.


The pandemic has demonstrated several weaknesses and inequalities in the way society live and develops within cities, such as economic losses, massive contagions, and above all, the lack of control and people's lack of awareness about the crisis. This study aims to investigate the transformation of cities with a shortage of green spaces into cities with green and sustainable planning, the association between urban greenery and physical activity during the Covid-19, and urban green corridors as a planning tool for urban green areas.
The green corridor was born out of a social need in the face of a health crisis and the improvement of the urban environment. This research employs three methods to study: empirical judgment and experience analysis and network analysis. All those who could not cope with the lockdown exposed green and recreational spaces in Riobamba, since only 7% of those surveyed stayed at home, while 70% left their homes for green or recreational spaces within the urban area and 23% left the city. This shows how the quality of green areas can positively affect people's behaviors during the Covid-19. This effect highlighted the preservation of natural areas, urban reforestation, and re-naturalization of spaces. The urban green corridor is a system that connects several spaces, creating two interactions: the first is how the city can provide the necessary infrastructure during a crisis, and the second is how it energizes and prioritizes the health and supply systems for urban residents, creating safe spaces for each of the city's sectors.


The US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) concludes that the evidence is insufficient to recommend for or against routine screening for lipid disorders in infants, children, adolescents, or young adults (up to age 20) (I recommendation).

### Importance

There is good evidence that children with lipid disorders (dyslipidemia) are at risk for becoming adults with lipid disorders.

### Detection

For children with familial dyslipidemia, the group most likely to benefit from screening, use of family history in screening may be inaccurate because of variability of definitions and unreliability of information. Serum lipid levels are accurate screening tests for childhood dyslipidemia, although many children with multifactorial types of dyslipidemia would have normal lipid levels in adulthood. Fifty percent of children and adolescents with dyslipidemia will have dyslipidemia as adults.

### Benefits of Detection and Early Treatment*

Trials of statin drugs in children with monogenic dyslipidemia (defined below in "Clinical Considerations") indicate improved total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) measures. For children with multifactorial types of dyslipidemia, there is no evidence that diet or exercise interventions in childhood lead to improved lipid profiles or better health outcomes in adulthood.

### Harms of Detection and Early Treatment

Potential harms of screening may include labeling of children whose dyslipidemia would not persist into adulthood or cause health problems, although evidence is lacking. Adverse effects from lipid-lowering medications and low-fat diets, including potential long-term harms, have been inadequately evaluated in children.

### USPSTF Assessment

The USPSTF was unable to determine the balance between potential benefits and harms for routinely screening children and adolescents for dyslipidemia.

Address correspondence to Ned Calonge, MD, MPH, Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment, 4300 Cherry Creek Dr S, Denver, CO 80246. E-mail: ned.calonge{at}state.co.us


ABSTRACT Our understanding of the phenomenon of health anxiety in children and adolescents has expanded considerably in recent years. The role emotion regulation may play in the etiology of health anxiety has yet to be explored. The purpose of the current investigation was to examine the relationship between self-reported health anxiety, emotion regulation, and associated constructs in children and adolescents. The sample was comprised of 79 children and adolescents between the ages of 7 to 15 years (mean age = 10.89 years; SD = 2.11). Participants completed a series of measures examining health anxiety, emotion regulation, anxiety sensitivity, and depression. Statistically significant associations were not observed between health anxiety and emotion regulation; however, some statistically significant associations were demonstrated between anxiety sensitivity and depression and emotion regulation. Statistically significant associations were observed between health anxiety and anxiety sensitivity. This investigation contributes to a more complete understanding of the factors that may or may not contribute to the etiology of health anxiety in children and adolescents. Our findings may be employed to develop evidence-based assessments and interventions for children and adolescents with elevated health anxiety.


The influence of mixing technology and the types of the filler on the tensile property of FKM rubber was studied.The results showed that under different mixing technology ,the influence of type of filler on the property of FKM rubber was different:to the high fiber aspect ratio,the changes of the mixing technology would affect the tensile strength obviously,but with no reinforcing effects;the tensile strength would depend on the technology slightly.


Rare earth luminescent material was modified with silane coupling agent,which was further encapsulated with a layer of polystyrene(PS) through in-situ emulsion polymerization.FTIR,TG and microscopy showed that PS uniformly grafts on the surface of rare earth luminescence materials in the form of lamella.Analysis of contact angle showed that PS/rare earth composite luminescence materials required an excellent resistance to water.Such PS coated rare earth composite luminescence materials maintained good fluorescence performance and their original luminescence centers.