This half-day tutorial gives an overview of the current state-of-the-art in software visualization. Software visualization encompasses the development and evaluation of methods for graphically representing different aspects of software, including its structure, its execution, and its evolution. In contrast to visual programming and diagramming for software design, software visualization is not so much concerned with the construction, but with the analysis of programs and their development process. Software visualization combines techniques from areas like software engineering, programming languages, data mining, computer graphics, information visualization and human-computer interaction. Topics covered in this tutorial include static program visualization, algorithm animation, visual debugging, as well as the visualization of the evolution of software. In particular we identify common principles illustrated by many examples and give pointers to tools available today.


Linear stability analysis of a combined convective flow in an annulus is performed in the paper. The base flow is generated by two factors: (a) different constant wall temperatures and (b) heat release as a result of a chemical reaction that takes place in the fluid. The nonlinear boundary value problem for the distribution of the base flow temperature is analyzed using bifurcation analysis. The linear stability problem is solved numerically using a collocation method. Two separate cases are considered: Case 1 (non-zero different constant wall temperatures) and Case 2 (zero wall temperatures). Numerical calculations show that the development of instability is different for Cases 1 and 2. Multiple minima on the marginal stability curves are found for Case 1 as the Prandtl number increases. Concurrence between local minima leads to the selection of the global minimum in such a way that a finite jump in the value of the wave number is observed for some values of the Prandtl number. All marginal stability curves for Case 2 have one minimum in the range of the Prandtl numbers considered. The corresponding critical values of the Grashof number decrease monotonically as the Prandtl number grows.


Principle of GPS evaluation fitting is introduced.Combined with practical work two GPS evaluation fitting methods: plane fitting and quadratic curve fitting are introduced.Comparison is also made for those two fitting methods.Author points out that according to various situations different fitting method should be selected in order to increase fitting accuracy.


The oxygen adsorption on the Zr(0001) surface is studied using first-principles total-energy and force calculations. We calculated the atomic structure, heat of adsorption, work function, and electronic structure for oxygen occupying various surface and subsurface sites for both the Zr(0001)-(1\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1)-O and Zr(0001)- (2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1)-O system. We found that the energetically most favorable occupation sites for oxygen are the octahedral sites between the second and the third layer. The change in the work function induced by oxygen adsorption depends strongly on the position of the adsorbed oxygen atoms and the calculated change of work function at the energetically most favorable site is consistent with previous experiments. A large difference in the electronic structure between the overlayer and subsurface adsorption is also found. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.


Location awareness in an indoor setup is an important function necessary in many application domains such as asset management, critical care, and augmented reality. Location awareness, or tracking, of an object within an indoor setting requires a high degree of accuracy, as room-to-room location may be very important. With the current proliferation of smart devices, with often a multitude of built-in sensors, and inexpensive sensors it is now possible to build a network of sensors, for the purpose of tracking, within an indoor environment without the high cost of installing the needed tracking infrastructure. In an effort to increase accuracy, as well as coverage area, various different sensors may be used in the tracking of an object. In this heterogeneous tracking situation, it is important for the tracking infrastructure to quickly and accurately decide which, all or a subset, of available sensors to use. Challenges related to heterogeneous data fusion and clock synchronization, must be addressed in order to provide accurate location estimates. We have proposed a heuristic based ranking algorithm to address these challenges. In this algorithm, the individual sensors are ranked based upon their quality of service (QoS) attributes and the resulting ranking is used by a filtering service during the sensor selection process. This information is provided to the filtering service when a sensor joins the tracking infrastructure and is subsequently only updated during idle periods, thereby, there avoiding additional overhead. We have implemented this algorithm into the existing prototypical Enhanced Distributed Object Tracking System or e-DOTS. eDOTS has been extensively experimented with and the results of these experimentation validate the hypothesis that accurate indoor tracking can be achieved using a heterogeneous ensemble of cheap and mobile sensors. Our current investigation involves the incorporation of trust associated with sensors and deploying e-DOTS in a typical healthcare setup.


This book covers the diverse and rapidly expanding topic of liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS). The first half of the text (Chapters 1–4) covers chromatographic theory in some depth and provides an overview of MS methods that are applicable to LC-MS. Chapter 5 comprises the second half of the book and contains applications of LC-MS and MS techniques to small molecules and biopolymers. The text contains a bibliography, an appendix of physical constants, and a complete glossary of terms specific for LC-MS. This book is written especially for self-study and for in-house training sessions. Each chapter includes learning objectives, pertinent references, a summary, and self-assessment questions.

Following a brief introductory chapter, Chapter 2 contains basic LC theory …


This article presents a multipath imaging system for thunderstorm developments, wherein data are three-dimensional atmospheric electric-field signals (3DAEFSs) collected with a self-made 3DAEF apparatus (3DAEFA). In this way, thunderstorms are presented in a staged and visual form. To start with, entropy-based intervals are constructed from historical AEF data, to classify denoised AEFS components, according to the entropy value of each component. Furthermore, AEFS time sequences are reconstructed with a reference to whether components within the same entropy-based interval are sequential or not, providing time information for the subsequent clustering-based spatial denoising to thunderstorm point charge coordinates. Finally, predicted value (PV) intervals, which are used to divide and then reconstruct AEFS time periods, are acquired to realize the point charge multipath imaging corresponding to periods, based on the established stacked autoencoder and the extreme gradient boosting (SAE-XGBoost) model. Empirical results demonstrate that the multipath better visualizes the whole process of thunderstorm activities. Comparisons with radar charts further confirm that the proposed system effectively images charge multipaths and provides a valid reference for visual thunderstorm monitoring.


Aero-engine blade edge is the area which is very difficult to machine on the surface of blade. For the grinding problems of high quality blade edge surface,this paper planned the machining trajectory of grinding tool based on the structure characteristics of blade surface and grinding characteristics of belt. We made the interference analysis for blade edge based on the platform of Open CASCADE( OCC) and made the region division accurately. Furthermore,we adjusted the cutter-axis vector which in interference areas dynamically and broadened the grinding area of blade edge surface in a largest extent. Finally,we took an actual experiment test of grinding. The result shows that the quality of the blade edge surface had gotten obvious improvement.


In a skyscraper on Ann Street, Brisbane, behind the sandstone City Hall clock tower, and a stone's throw from a nub of granite at North Quay commemorating the founding of the capital by Surveyor-General John Oxley (who came 'in search of water'), are the offices of the Bureau of Meteorology, Queensland division. The division has under its umbrella the Brisbane Regional Forecast Centre, the Queensland Flood Warning Centre and the Queensland Tropical Cyclone Warning Centre. In all, it keeps busy about 150 staff.


Good recovery of a patient with neurocysticercosis using two antihelminthic drugs combined with steroid Xin-Di Li, Hua-Bing Wang, Heng Zhou, An-Na Zhou, Lin Zhao, Yong-Hong Liu, Xiao-Qing Gong, Xing-Hu Zhang Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China. Neurocysticercosis is the most common parasitic infection of the central nervous system. We present a case report of a neurocysticercosis patient with multiple cysts, who presented with new onset generalized tonic-clonic seizures. A 4-cycle treatment of 2 different antihelminthic drugs with dexamethasone and sodium valproate led to clinical improvement without any adverse reactions. The manifestations of neurocysticercosis are protean and the diagnosis should be considered whenever multiple cysts are seen on computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging. The antihelminthic treatment of neurocysticercosis should be individualized, especially for patients with multiple cysts.


Answer to reviewer 1 We thank the referee 1 for his/her comments and provide detailed answers to all his/her comments below (answers are in bold) : The paper address the feedback between climate and methane cycle due to changes in CH4 emissions from wetlands. This topic is suitable for Biogeosciences. The paper delivers quantitative estimate for additional rise in atmospheric burden of methane due to this feedback under SRES A2 anthropogenic scenario. Moreover, the paper suggests a conceptual framework for diagnosing interactions between changes in global mean temperature and atmospheric burdens of carbon dioxide and methane. This framework


The Hospital Johanniter Order, founded in the XIth century, was in 1939 a rich and wondrous brotherhood with around 4 000 civilian and military aristocrats. The Nazis did not dare to suppress it. In the Second World War, it bore three faces. As a « Hospital Order », it did not fail in its mission to « work on behalf of the sick and for those in need », and fought relentlessly until the final defeat. As an Order of « Knights of Christ », with half of its members soldiers in the Wehrmacht, it gave its official praise to the fight against Bolchevism for the sake of the Christian West. But, unwilling to compromise, the Order was watched by the Nazis, who planned to dissolve it after « final victory », especially since some knights engaged in the Resistance against Hitler and died for it. This righteous and patriotic attitude enabled the Order to survive the war.


Modules implemented for the Programming Logic Controller (PLC) are communication units that act as an interface between field instruments and a PLC. This work focuses on the assembly of four remote modules and one signal converter module for the CUBLOC CB290 PLC. The first module is designed to perform the interface between the types J or K thermocouples and the PLC. The second module establishes the interface for the type PT100 Resistance Temperature Device (RTD). Both devices, thermocouple and RTD, are sensors used for measuring temperature, whose scales are very important for industries. The third module is designed to carry out the interface for an encoder which determines angular and linear lengths. The fourth module encompasses digital inputs and outputs in order to work using ON and OFF signals which execute commutation actions. The fifth module makes possible to convert voltage to current signals, or vice versa; and convert PWM to current or voltage signals. The first four remote modules form a network that is communicated to the PLC through the EIA485 communication standard, which allows a bus length up to 1200 meters. Additionally, the communication network uses the MODBUS protocol which is developed by means of programming in the PLC and the modules. This network is monitored using a SCADA system based on LabView.


Background
At present the only prognostic system routinely employed for the management of gastric cancer patients is the TNM staging classification, that identifies broad risk categories with a significant prognostic variability within each stage, which makes TNM a suboptimal predictive tool on the single patient basis.
Only 10-20% of patients with liver metastases from colorectal cancer is resectable with radical intent and 60-70% will develop a relapse despite apparently curative surgery.
Both these classes of patients therefore would benefit from additional treatments after surgery such as adjuvant chemotherapy. We need new prognostic factors that can identify patients at high risk to be submitted to treatment.

Aim of the study
To study circulating tumor cells by gene profiling the peripheral blood in order to identify prognostic biomarkers that add independent prognostic power to the conventional staging systems. This might allow for a better stratification of patients' risk and thus a better therapeutic management of gastric cancer and metastatic colorectal cancer patients, especially in the adjuvant setting.

Patients, materials and methods
70 patients, affected with gastric adenocarcinoma at different TNM stages of disease who underwent radical surgery and 50 patients undergoing liver resection for metastases from colorectal cancer (stage IV) were enrolled in the study. Immediately before surgery, a sample of peripheral blood was withdrawn from each patient. For each sample, RNA was extracted and utilized for quantitative real time PCR evaluation of the expression of the following genes: CK19, CEA, VEGF, and Survivin for gastric cancer patients; CK19, CK20, CEA, VEGF, EGFR, CD133 and Survivin for colorectal liver metastases patients. Univariate and multivariate survival analysis was performed to investigate on the prognostic role of these biomarkers.

Results
After stepwise variable selection, Cox multivariate analysis of survival showed a significant association between overall survival and both TNM stage ad Survivin gene expression levels in peripheral blood of gastric cancer patients, while multivariate analysis confirmed the statistically significant association between both the radical resection and the transcriptional levels of CD133 and overall survival in colorectal liver metastases patients. In addition, Survivin transcriptional levels were higher in patients with gastric cancer as compared to the calibrator reference (obtained from the peripheral blood of healthy donors) in 98.6% of cases; analogously, CK19 was upregulated in 97.1% of cases. These findings support the hypothesis that the peripheral blood gene profile might be utilized also as a diagnostic marker in gastric cancer.

Concluding remarks
The positive findings of this pilot study are the basis for larger prospective studies in larger groups of gastric cancer and colorectal liver metastases patients, aimed to validate the prognostic power of Survivin and CD33 expression in peripheral blood of these two groups, respectively. Moreover it would be interesting to further explore also the potential diagnostic value of the peripheral blood gene profile in gastric cancer.


Lack of quantitative research on ICT service quality (ICTSQ) impedes the collection of important information to improve ICT services (ICTS). The gap between the assessment of ICTSQ and the implementation by ICTS stakeholders leads to the need for this research. Current ICTSQ studies only identify service quality factors and attributes for assessing ICTSQ. This research developed a more comprehensive framework that identifies the structure of ICTSQ measurement comprising ICTS components, quality factors, quality attributes and key performance indicators (KPIs) of ICTSQ. The framework development adopted a mixed-method approach. It used qualitative data gathered from a case study of four Malaysian universities and a survey of ICTS stakeholders within 35 public and private universities in Malaysia. The study focused on ICTS within the university context because of its important role in creating significant impacts in many areas such as investment, customer loyalty, profitability, and competitive advantage. The findings from the case studies were used to verify the KPIs in the initial framework developed during the preliminary study. The rubric for ICTSQ measurement was then developed from the qualitative study. For the quantitative analysis of survey data, methods such as descriptive analysis, reliability analysis, regression analysis and ANOVA were used to produce a more reliable framework. All seven hypotheses on ICTSQ proposed in this framework were tested and accepted. The analysis showed that there were significant differences in terms of ICTSQ among ICTS stakeholders. The research also developed a web-based tool for measuring ICTSQ to validate the framework. The performance level of each ICTSQ KPI within the framework can be used as a guideline for ICTS stakeholders to improve their ICTSQ.


The recent article by Shaco-Levy et al. about matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) expression in endometrial serous carcinoma in comparison with lowgrade endometrial endometrioid carcinoma was highly interesting (1). The results of the study clearly show that MMP-2 has a major role to play in the evolution and development of endometrial serous carcinoma. Interestingly, MMP-2 plays a highly significant role in the progression of numerous different systemic malignancies besides endometrial serous carcinoma. For instance, accentuated MMP-2 expression in tumor cells in non-small cell lung cancers is associated with poor prognosis as well as tumor recurrence (2). A similar association between MMP-2 and gastric cancer has been demonstrated. For instance, Alakus et al. have shown that increased MMP-2 expression in gastric carcinomas is associated with poor survival while Wang et al. have shown that metastatic gastric carcinoma demonstrates higher levels of MMP-2 in comparison to primary gastric carcinomas (3,4). Interestingly, an increased incidence of Mycoplasma infestation has been noticed in gastric carcinomas. It is believed that p37 from Mycoplasma activates MMP-2 thus resulting in enhanced tumor invasion. Similarly, higher MMP2 levels are associated with a worse prognosis and poor survival in patients with colorectal cancers. Increased MMP-2 expression has also been demonstrated in the stromal cells of vocal cord polyps. Surprisingly, on the other hand, lower levels of serum MMP-2 in patients with prostate carcinomas are associated with poor survival and increased metastasis (5). As it is clearly evident from the above discussion, MMP-2 has a significant role to play in the development of systemic malignancies. The development of anti-MMP-2 antibodies is already underway and the near future may very well see the development of alternate strategies to modulate MMP-2 expression for treating systemic malignancies.


In this paper, a dual frequency resonance antenna is analysed by introducing L-shaped slot in a semi circular patch, different parametric studies have allows and the results in terms of return loss and radiation pattern are given. It is observed that various antenna parameters are obtained as a function of frequency for different value of slot length and width; it is easy to adjust the upper and the lower band by varying these different antenna parameters. The coaxial feed is used to excite the patch antenna. Theoretical results using Matlab are compared with the simulated results obtained from Ansoft HFSS and shown to be in good agreement.


Metallophosphites derived from tartaric acid catalyze the enantioselective addition of acyl silanes to nitrones. The product α-N-silyloxyamino ketones are obtained in moderate to good yields (36−94%) with excellent enantioselectivity (er ≥ 95:5). The nitrone oxygen is essential in facilitating the silyl transfer that is required for catalyst turnover. This represents, to the best of our knowledge, the first example of C-acylation of nitrones and the most highly enantioselective catalytic addition of an acyl anion equivalent to an azomethine electrophile. The N−O bond of the product may be reductively cleaved under mild conditions to provide N-aryl α-amino ketones with negligible loss of enantiopurity.


This research dealt with the study of one of the images of the non-innocent wound, which is: the words of the peers to each other, so the reasons for the words of the peers were shown to each other, and the results that resulted from that, with the mention of the golden rule in wounding and modification, and the presentation of the results and recommendations that the research reached, with mentioning the most important Sources and references


Background: One way of controlling Aedes aegypti larvae growth in DHF endemic areas is conducted by using Temefos or known as Abate. It is reported that Aedes aegpty is getting more resistant to temefos. This study aims to determine the mortality of Aedes aegypti due to contact with Temefos 0.02 mg / L. Method: This quantitative descriptive study applies a cross-sectional design. The research subjects were 3-4 early Aedes aegypti larvae from F1 to F4 generation, which were obtained from bred larvae. The calculation of larval mortality was carried out after 24 hours of contact with Temefos 0.02 mg / L for 4 repetitions in 6 different sites such as three villages in Kedungmundu. Results: The first paralysis/collapse occurred in the 40th minutes for Sendang Mulyo I, II, and Kedung Mundu II. Whereas, in the 35th minutes, there was fainting larvae in Sendang Guwo I and II and in the 45th minutes of observation, the larvae collapse occurred in Kedung Mundu I. The results showed that 100 larvae fainted in Sendang Mulyo I, Sendang Guwo II, Kedung Mundu I, and Kedung Mundu II after contact with insecticides for 24 hours. Whereas the number of larvae mortality in Sendang Mulyo II and Sendang Guwo I was 98. Conclusion: It is found that Sendang Mulyo I, Sendang Guwo II, Kedung Mundu I, and Kedung Mundu II number of larvae mortality was 100 %. In addition, 98 % larvae in Sendang Mulyo II and Sendang Guwo I was tolerant to Temefos 0,02 mg/L.
Keywords: Vulnerability, Aedes aegypti larvae, Temefos 0.02 mg / L.


The invention belongs to the field of automobile accessories and discloses a folding automobile baggage holder. The folding automobile baggage holder comprises a fixing plate, a folding plate and a connecting spring. The top point of the fixing plate is provided with fixing holes, the fixing plate around the fixing holes are provided with glass fiber gridding cloth, and both ends of the fixing plate are provided with reinforcing ribs; the fixing plate close to the connection side is provided with a spring connecting plate, the folding plate close to the connection side is provided with the spring connecting plate, and the spring connecting plate is provided with connecting fasteners; the fixing plate and the folding plate are movably connected through the connecting spring; the connecting spring is made of memory metal materials; the fixing plate is fixed at the top of an automobile body through self-tapping screws and screws; the folding plate away from the connection side is inclined downwards from outside to inside. The folding automobile baggage holder has the advantages of being reasonable in structure and stable in baggage arrangement.


Low-temperature high-power ultrasound provides a versatile method for carrying out heterogeneous reductions allowing the synthesis of new compounds such as [(C6H6)Ru(C2H4)2] and [(cymene)3Ru3Se2]2+ and new syntheses of known compounds such as [(cymene)4Ru4H4]2+


Removal of Bromocresol green (BCG) dye from aqueous solution has been investigated using activated bio-sorbent Phragmites karka (PK). Batch adsorption method has been adopted and different parameters such as; pH of the solution, contact time, agitation speed, APK/BCG dose and temperature has been studied. From the resulted adsorption data the process is optimised and the transportation mechanism of BCG onto APK phase is proposed. In this study the bio-adsorbent PK is charred using H2SO4 to produce activated Phragmites karka (APK) which appears as an effective adsorbent on enhancing the loading efficiency of BCG than PK without activation. The BCG adsorption efficiency is increased from 16.05 to 84.2 % with increasing in acidity of the solution and maximized at pH 0.5 of solution. Maximum loading capacity of 392.3 mg/g is resulted using APK as adsorbent while removing BCG at ambient condition. The PK, APK, BCG loaded APK, and BCG are characterized by SEM, UV-vis and FTIR to ascertain the adsorption process as well as mechanism. The absorption peak obtained at 3450 cm due to ν (O-Hstr) of BCG was shifted to a broad band at 3270 cm shows the conjugation of BCG on surface of the APK, confirming the transporation of BCG to APK Phase as resulted from FTIR analysis. From the adsorption kinetics study, the rate of BCG adsorption shows well fit to the pseudo second order model than pseudo first order kinetic model. The positive value of, ∆H 2.49 kJ/ mole obtained by thermodynamic study reveals the endothermic nature of adsorption and and ∆S 24.87 J.Kmol shows the increase in degrees of freedom of BCG during adsorption. Equilibrium data are analysed by Langmuir, Freundlich and Tempkins adsorption isotherm to establish adsorption mechanism and the results shows best fit with Freundlich (R=0.99) isotherm and reveals that the adsorption is of chemisorptions type.


The key for understanding ofthe cultural properties is the set of their associated values. There are many ways of talking about those values: they range from historical to commercial and have tangible or intangible nature. It is a duty of researcher to discover, describe and interpret those values. The presence of certain values should lead to the protection of cultural heritage resource. The crucial question of that concern is an assessment of importance of each discovered value. Any answer causes practical approach to the safeguarding strategy. It is an obligation of cultural heritage managers to preserve those values and pass them to the future generations: this statement applies consideration of sustainable development idea. There are various topologies of cultural heritage values, have be en developed since the middle of the nineteenth century. Traditionally that evaluation was associated with an objects of art and monumental architecture. It seems necessary to define methodology of value assessment for the purpose of technical, industrial and engineering heritage. The saline in Ciechocinek combines features of monument of industry and construction engineering. In October 2002 that enterprise celebrated the anniversary of 170 years of production. Basic reference book about the history of Ciechocinek was published by Marian Raczynski, the Chief Director of the Spa (1896-1928), before the WW n. Many of the original archive sources vanished in course of the war and today contemporary authors often have to refer to


HEIs' response and innovations for the continuity of quality education during pandemic were the biggest challenges beset by them.This study mainly assessed the preparedness of Ilocos Sur Polytechnic State College, Philippines on the implementation of flexible learning amidst COVID 19 pandemic. The areas considered along preparedness are the following: resources, modes of delivering instructions, policies, support services for students, course packages(available offline/online), mechanisms for students to receive and access printed or digital course packages and instructional materials and establishment/availability/utilization of multi-media or learning resource center/s for faculty members. This study further determined the constraints on the implementation of flexible learning and results served as a benchmark in the development of a Learning Continuity Plan(LCP). This study made use of a descriptive design with 137 faculty respondents selected randomly. A survey questionnaire was  used to gather data. Results reveal that the college is at the average level of preparedness.Resources, modes of delivering instruction,policies, courier, electronic library and Learning Management System(LMS) were identified as constraints that need to be improved.The Learning Continuity Plan(LCP) suggested measures to improve the implementation of Flexible Learning(FL).With these results,it is suggested  that resources,Learning Management System(LMS),policies and modes of delivering instruction shall be established systematically.


BUSINESS ONLY: Business available for sale. Down Town restaurant and full bar with a 100 person capability room for 22 stools at the bar. 1 year lease with renewable for 2 more. Recently remodeled throughout with new wood floors and tin ceiling & equ


Many of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity in American Indians and Alaska Natives (AI/ANs) are preventable, which indicates that lifestyle is a key risk factor. Behavioral change interventions attempted with AI/ANs that focus on lifestyle have begun to incorporate Native cultural traditions, or cultural capital. This article discusses one such Native-based intervention conducted on the Flathead Indian Reservation in Montana, which used cultural capital as the foundation for an intervention to address risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Called the Traditional Living Challenge, the specific purpose of the intervention was to revitalize community initiatives toward wellness through a cultural immersion experience, which replicated a former healthier lifestyle and diet. The long-term goal was for the cultural immersion intervention to foster personal and group motivation toward a commitment to wellness.To implement the project, the researchers developed collaborations among the tribal health d...


This work proposes an output feedback controller for stabilization of the quadrotor underactuated system in the presence of time varying disturbances and model uncertainties. The proposed control is an improvement to the sliding mode control (SMC). An extended high-gain observer (EHGO) when combined with sliding mode control (SMC) able to give feasible performance beyond the performance of the standard sliding mode. It is able to bring the state trajectories of the closed-loop system close to the target system with a smaller ultimate bound of error and smaller control magnitude. The proposed method is illustrated by simulation.


Irradiation of cooked lobster (Homarus americanus) meat with a dose of gamma radiation of 75,000 rads extended the storage life, in ice, to between 28 and 35 days for both tail and claw meats from 14 to 21 days for unirradiated iced samples. Higher irradiation levels caused an immediate loss of quality due to toughening and loss of flavour. The growth of trimethylamine-producing bacteria was inhibited 10 days longer on irradiated samples than on the unirradiated iced control.


Staphylococcus aureus is an important food-borne pathogen. Enteropathogenic S.aureus in milk should be regarded as a part of the risk analysis of milk and milk products. A total of 60 milk samples were collected from 20 small holder dairy farms having 10 or less than 10 cattle from Vallabhnagar tehsil of Udaipur district, India. The antibiotic susceptibility test for cattle milk samples positive isolates showed high resistance towards penicillin G 36/40 (90%) and ampicillin 30/40 (75%), and showed resistant to methicillin 17/40 (42.5%), trimethoprim 17/40 (42.50%), erythromycin 9/40 (22.5%), co-Trimoxazole 10/40 (25%), tetracycline 8/40 (20%), ceftriaxone 7/40 (17.5%), gentamicin 4/40 (10%), azithromycin 5/40 (12.5%), chloramphenicol 1/40 (2.5%), and ciprofloxacin 1/40 (2.5%).


Gender influences atherosclerotic coronary artery disease (CAD) risk and may conceivably affect the efficacy of coronary revascularization treatments [1,2]. Despite the delay in onset of CAD among women, cardiac morbidity and mortality is increasing more rapidly among women compared with men [3]. Earlier studies suggested that women have an increased mortality after percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) compared with men, which may be partly explained by differences in comorbid clinical conditions [4]. Women undergoing PCI also sustain more access-site bleeding complications compared with treated men [5]. Drugeluting stents (DES) decrease the frequency of restenosis in patients undergoing PCI in randomized clinical trials and in large patients' cohorts [6]. Nevertheless, gender differences have not been addressed extensively or specifically in the evaluation of DES. The field of ''gender medicine'' looks at the fundamental differences between men and women as far as physiology and pathophysiology are concerned and particularly in response to therapeutic interventions [7]. Thus, the impact of DES upon the clinical and angiographic outcomes in women is of particular interest as CAD is a major determinant of morbidity and mortality among both women and men. More than a decade ago, I became interested in gender-based manifestation of CAD [8]. Our group used intravascular ultrasonic (IVUS) imaging to study native coronary lesions in 169 women and 549 men who were admitted to the cardiac catheterization laboratory due to symptomatic CAD. IVUS measures of vessel, lumen, and plaque plus media areas, plaque burden, plaque eccentricity, and calcium were measured at the target lesion and at proximal reference sites. All cross-sectional IVUS measures were also corrected for body surface area, which was lower on average among women. We found that women had significantly smaller reference site vessel area as well as lumen and plaque plus media areas compared with men. Women also had significantly smaller lesion site external elastic membrane area, lumen, and plaque plus media areas. However, when corrected for body surface area, these differences were no longer significant. Women and men also had similar reference and lesion plaque burden, eccentricity, and calcium load. Thus, according to our investigation, IVUS analysis failed to detect any quantitative or qualitative differences in coronary atherosclerosis in men compared with women. However, this study highlighted the differences in vessel and lumen dimension between genders. The lack of morphological differences by IVUS did not refute the possibility of gender-based biological differences. The practical implication of our findings was that women might be at greater risk for lumen compromise in response to neointimal formation due to smaller-sized coronary arteries and/or preintervention lumen. According to the current investigation by Brown et al., this is probably not the case [9]. The mentioned study examined the angiographic and late-term clinical outcomes according to gender in a pooled analysis of the ENDEAVOR comparative PCI trials using zotarolimus-eluting stents (ZES) versus bare metal stents (BMS), [9]. Among 2,132 patients that were available for analysis, 608 were women (28.5%). Similar to most previous coronary trials, women were older and more frequently had diabetes, hypertension, and a smaller reference vessel diameter. Nonetheless, the relative reductions in angiographic and clinical restenosis were of similar extent with ZES compared with BMS for men and women. Interestingly, among ZES-treated patients, two-year rates of target vessel revascularization and target vessel failure were significantly lower among women, although rates of death and myocardial infarction were similar. The overall late-term safety and efficacy outcomes were similar, if not lower, among women compared with men. Of note, protocol defined stent thrombosis events occurred infrequently and overall sim-


In this paper, we propose a robust strategy to localize multiple ground sources exploiting a distributed unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) network in the presence of impulse noise. We achieve robust source localization by using ℓ1-principal component analysis (ℓ1-PCA) based signal subspace estimation at each individual UAV. This approach significantly reduces the signal subspace perturbation compared to the conventional ℓ2-PCA based counterpart. The obtained robust signal subspace estimate is exploited to provide an improved estimate of the noise subspace, which is in turn utilized by the MUSIC algorithm to render coarse source localization at each individual UAV. The source localization information obtained at multiple UAVs is then fused by exploiting group sparsity using the re-weighted ℓ1 minimization. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.


In the solid state cathodoluminescence (SSCL), organic materials were excited by hot electrons accelerated in silicon oxide (SiO2) layer under alternating current (AC). In this paper exciton behaviours were analysed by using transient spectra under different driving voltages. The threshold voltages of SSCL and exciton ionization were obtained from the transient spectra. The recombination radiation occurred when the driving voltage went beyond the threshold voltage of exciton ionization. From the transient spectrum of two kinds of luminescence (exciton emission and recombination radiation), it was demonstrated that recombination radiation should benefit from the exciton ionization.


The salvation of some animal species, including of bats, depends not only on the adoption of laws on the protection of these species at a state level, but also on the attitude of the general public towards them at a household level. Faced with a bat, a person will act according to a certain stereotype, which has already been formed and which is associated with their perception of this animal. Therefore, we tried to find out what people do in a situation when a bat flies into their flat and what are their actions to remove this animal from the flat, as well as what emotions bats evoke in them. A total of 503 students of grades 5 to 10 in Sumy City and district centres of Sumy Oblast were interviewed. Of them, 16.9 % (85) responded that they witnessed cases of bats entering their flats. We provide data on the location and people's reactions. In 5.9% of cases (5), bats were found in the morning in the room where people slept and then they were released from the balcony. In 94.1 % of cases (80), the animals entered in the evening and were flying in the room. In 34.2 % (26) of cases the animals were allowed to fly independently and the windows were opened, while in most occasions (47.3 %, 36) they were guided out using various tools. At the same time, in 14.5 % cases (11) bats were killed or seriously injured either occasionally or intentionally. In addition, 9.2 % (7) were killed by domestic cats. In 5.3 % of all cases (4), bats died in the shelters. Three individuals (3.9 %) were captured and kept at home for a few days, after which they were released. That is, 27.2% (22 individuals) of the animals reliably died. Almost 60 % of the students think that for whatever reasons bats are capable of attacking humans, get entangled in their hair or bite them. There is a widespread lack of positive perception of bats among both schoolchildren and their parents. All this indicates the need for further popularization of bats among the general public and the search for new ways to convey information. Obviously, the emphasis should be placed not only on their «usefulness», but also on their attractiveness, defencelessness, and vulnerability. This would change the attitude towards these animals in the mass consciousness and thus give them an additional chance to survive.


Simple Summary Optimal patient selection for radiotherapy in pancreatic cancer is unestablished and may be improved with molecular profiling. To this end, we developed and validated a microRNA signature that predicted for worse locoregional recurrence and overall survival in patients with resectable pancreatic cancer. In a separate cohort of patients with borderline resectable and locally advanced pancreatic cancer, this risk signature was also predictive of worse locoregional recurrence, distant recurrence, and overall survival. Additionally, borderline resectable or locally advanced patients who had high risk score and did not receive radiation had worse outcomes compared to patients who either had low risk score or received radiation, irrespective of risk score. This risk signature may be useful in assessing patient prognosis and tailor therapy in patients with resectable, borderline resectable, or locally advanced pancreatic cancer, but requires further study. Abstract Background: Optimal patient selection for radiotherapy in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is unestablished. Molecular profiling may select patients at high risk for locoregional recurrence (LRR) who would benefit from radiation. Methods: We included resectable pancreatic cancer (R-PDAC) patients, divided into training and validation cohorts, treated among three institutions with surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy, and borderline resectable or locally advanced pancreatic cancer (BR/LA-PDAC) patients treated with chemotherapy with or without radiation at the primary study institution. We isolated RNA from R-PDAC surgical specimens. Using NanoString, we identified miRNAs differentially expressed between normal and malignant pancreatic tissue. ElasticNet regression identified two miRNAs most predictive of LRR in the training cohort, miR-181b/d and miR-575, which were used to generate a risk score (RS). We evaluated the association of the median-dichotomized RS with recurrence and overall survival (OS). Results: We identified 183 R-PDAC and 77 BR/LA-PDAC patients with median follow up of 37 months treated between 2001 and 2014. On multivariable analysis of the R-PDAC training cohort (n = 90), RS was associated with worse LRR (HR = 1.34; 95%CI 1.27–11.38; p = 0.017) and OS (HR = 2.89; 95%CI 1.10–4.76; p = 0.027). In the R-PDAC validation cohort, RS was associated with worse LRR (HR = 2.39; 95%CI 1.03–5.54; p = 0.042), but not OS (p = 0.087). For BR/LA-PDAC, RS was associated with worse LRR (HR = 2.71; 95%CI 1.14–6.48; p = 0.025), DR (HR = 1.93; 95%CI 1.10–3.38; p = 0.022), and OS (HR = 1.97; 95%CI 1.17–3.34; p = 0.011). Additionally, after stratifying by RS and receipt of radiation in BR/LA-PDAC patients, high RS patients who did not receive radiation had worse LRR (p = 0.018), DR (p = 0.006), and OS (p < 0.001) compared to patients with either low RS or patients who received radiation, irrespective of RS. Conclusions: RS predicted worse LRR and OS in R-PDAC and worse LRR, DR, and OS in BR/LA-PDAC. This may select patients who would benefit from radiation and should be validated prospectively.


Summary

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Professional education is constantly changing.

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It is important to value practice as an integral part of professional education.

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Work-based learning offers a vehicle for the linking of theoretical and clinical academic development.

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The tripartite agreement between employer, student and university can be beneficial to all parties.


XIAO Hong is a female writer with unique style who is skillful at incorporating her own experiences into the creation,so the novels about her special experience of life are easy to move readers.Up to now,the research about XIAO Hong has developed from the single superficial theme to multi-angle in-depth psychology and culture.With the value of XIAO Hong's novels being constantly discovered,their profuseness and the author's complexity leaves plenty of room for people to study.Based on XIAO Hong' literature imagination and experiences,this paper tries to analyze the collapse and reconstruction of love,exploring the creation sources from her life and the traces of life from her novels.


The function and the fundamental rule of the radio frequency identification (RFID) were introduced in the paper. The protocol of radio frequency identification system and the demand of radio frequency identification system to the radio frequency criterion were analyzed. On the based of analyses, a design scheme and corresponding circuit structure for RFID reader was proposed. The scheme was based on international standard ISO 15693 and worked at the frequency band of 13.56 MHz to identify electron label.


The invention relates to a method for reducing dislocation density in SiC single crystals grown through a physical vapor transport method. By means of the method, the SiC single crystals of low dislocation density can be grown stably. The method comprises the steps of adopting the manufacture of a periodic graphics mesas and a groove, by utilizing the anisotropy theory of the growth velocity of different crystal faces in the crystal growth process, selecting proper growth temperature and growth pressure, and adopting a two-stage growth mode, wherein the first stage is used for promoting the lateral growth on a non-polarized plane of the side wall of each mesa, and the dislocation density in a lateral growth area is greatly reduced; in the second stage, when the groove between the mesas grows flat, changing growth conditions, promoting the growth in the c-axis direction, and increasing the growth velocity for thickening the crystals. According to the method, based on the anisotropy theory of the growth velocity of different crystal faces, by only utilizing a mechanical method, the non-polarized plane appears on the surface of seed crystals, the technology is simple, the train of through is novel, and the dislocation density in the SiC single crystals grown through the physical vapor transport method cam be reduced remarkably.


involving the entire body surface and orificial mucous membranes. She had previously used a sulfa ointment in the treatment of an open sore on the hand. The history of this slow-healing sore, together with the dietary history, in- dicated a likely deficiency of vitamin C, so a colour test by titration with dichlorphenol-indophenol was made on the urine, showing a pronounced C-avita-minosis. Ascorbic acid, 500 mgm., was administered daily for a week, accompanied by copious dietary intake of citrus fruit juices. Intensive vitamin-B- complex therapy was also given parenterally and orally for the relief of concomitant symptoms. The patient made a rapid and uneventful recovery.


Sector field ICP-MS has been used to determine 239+240 Pu activity and 240 Pu/ 239 Pu atom ratio profiles in a sediment core obtained in 1997 from the Danube Delta region of the Black Sea. The 239+240 Pu activity profile reveals the presence of a 1963 stratospheric fallout peak, along with two more recent peaks stemming from fluvial transport of Chernobyl Pu through the Danube watershed into the Black Sea. The two recent peaks occur in the early 1990's and are associated with 240 Pu/ 239 Pu atom ratios as high as 0.307, significantly exceeding the established range of stratospheric fallout ( 240 Pu/ 239 Pu = 0.180 ± 0.014). The Chernobyl-derived 240 Pu/ 239 Pu features in the core are also associated with elevated 238 Pu activities (determined by alpha spectrometry), and 238 Pu/ 239+240 Pu activity ratios of 0.08-0.10 in excess of the stratospheric fallout signature ( 238 Pu/ 239+240 Pu = 0.04).


Preface It is our great pleasure to introduce you the proceedings of 2017 2nd International Conference on Materials Engineering and Nanotechnology (ICMEN2017) held in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia during May 12-14, 2017. ICMEN2017 is dedicated to issues related to Materials Engineering and Nanotechnology. The conference program covered keynote, oral and poster presentations from scholars working in the areas of materials science and engineering to establish platforms for collaborative research projects in this field, and to find potential opportunities for international cooperation. This conference covered recent trends and progresses made in the field of materials engineering and nanotechnology. The major goal and feature of the conference is to bring academic scientists, engineers, industry researchers together to exchange and share their experiences and research results, and discuss the practical challenges encountered and the solutions adopted. Professors from Malaysia and Turkey were invited to deliver keynote speeches regarding latest information in their respective expertise areas. Distinguished scientists and experts in the area delivered the latest knowledge in their respective expertise fields. International scientific activities, like conference, symposium and workshop are big scientific platforms for knowledge exchange among the scientists from all over the world. International scientific activities are golden opportunities for the students, researchers and engineers to interact with the experts and specialists to get their advice or consultation on technical matters. The theme of this conference was the key issues associated with science and technology in this rapidly evolving field of research and to promote contact between basic researches and technological needs for real advanced materials and nanotechnology. These proceedings present a selection from papers submitted to the conference from universities, research institutes and industries. All of the papers were subjected to peer-review by conference committee members and international reviewers. The papers selected depended on their quality and their relevancy to the conference. The volume tends to present to the readers the recent advances in the field of Materials Engineering and Nanotechnology. And various related areas, such as Nanotechnology, Nanomaterials, Nanoelectronics, Nanosystems, Nanomechanics, Nanomagnetism, etc. We want to express our gratitude to all the members of conference committee, and reviewers who spared their valuable time, for their advice which have certainly helped to improve the quality, accuracy, relevance and the sincere efforts to maintain the quality of each paper selected for conference program and volume for publication. Also, we would like to thank all the authors who have contributed to this conference and also to the organizing committee, reviewers, speakers, chairpersons, sponsors and all the conference participants for their support to ICMEN 2017. Prof. Dr. Mohd Hamdi Abdul Shukor, University of Malaya, Malaysia Prof. Osman Adiguzel, Firat University, Department of Physics, Turkey 19. 05, 2017


Small round structured viruses (SRSVs - for example, calici-, astro-, and entero-viruses) are the commonest causes of outbreaks of non-bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide. Transmission of SRSVs by water and by various foods - including salads, bakery prod


Over the past years, the IoT conference has become a gathering place for leading experts from industry and academia in the field of the Internet of Things. In addition to the core technical program with 21 accepted paper contributions from 15 countries, IoT 2017, which was held from October 22--25 in Linz, Austria, comprised two keynotes, five workshops, a doctoral colloquium, posters, demonstrations, art projects, and a panel session on the topic of cognitive products in the context of the Industrie 4.0 paradigm.


The purpose of this study is to identify career barriers and career preparation behavior factors and to analyze the effect of the perceived career barrier on career preparation behavior types of college students majoring in Aviation·Tourism Service. Also, it intends to investigate the moderating effect of a grade level as most of Aviation·Tourism Service Departments belong to two-year colleges. The participants(N=744) were chosen from five different colleges in Korea. The major results were as follows. First, internal and external barriers such as parent's objection, age, lack of career background, lack of interest and anxiety for the future were found to affect the process of participants' career preparation. Second, their career preparation behavior types were divided into four groups such as Active Preparation Type, Surrounding Information Dependence Type, Credibility Gap Type and Action Oriented Type. Third, the moderating effect of grade level was confirmed ; the average score of sophomore students' career barriers was higher than that of freshmen in the area of career preparation behavior, convenient information collection and career expert consultation. Especially, the difference between two groups was significantly showed in some career barriers such as information collection, age, lack of interest, economical situation, and parent's objection. Finally, the implication of the study result and the limitation and future implication were suggested in the end.


We present a compact, X-band, high-brightness accelerator design suitable for driving a precision gamma-ray source. Future applications of gamma-rays generated by Compton-scattering of laser and relativistic electron beams place stringent demands on the brightness and stability of the incident electron beam. This design identifies the beam parameters required for gamma-ray production, including position, and pointing stability. The design uses an emittance compensated, 11.4 GHz photo-gun and linac to generate 400 pC, 1-2 mm-mrad electron bunches at up to 250 MeV and 120 Hz repetition rate. The effects of jitter in the RF power system are analyzed as well as structure and optic misalignments. Finally, strategies for the mitigation of on-axis Bremsstrahlung noise are discussed.


The present invention relates to a method for testing microprocessor-based protection devices intelligent Generator test platform. Microcomputer A protective device comprises a protective sleeve and hydro protective cover B, A protection sleeve and protection current input voltage and the input AC signal output terminal connected to the tester device B sets, A protection sleeve and protection sleeve COM port B connected by a communication bus 485 to the microprocessor-based protection intelligent test platforms, computer protection device tester intelligent test platforms interconnected open the tester device and opening into the terminal also connected to the protective sleeve and a protective cover B; the test method It is performed by means Generator microcomputer protection test packets scheduled inspection and testing program revert double jacket protective device, the test suspension, single-step testing, manual testing, test tapered save state series and functional testing. The present invention satisfies general, automation, visualization and intelligent design, improves the efficiency of on-site maintenance work.


Al-MSU-S mesoporous molecular sieve (Al-MSU-S(me)) with high hydrothermal stability and acidity was reported recently. In this work, the Al-MSU-S(me) and the Al-NISU-S meso-microporous molecular sieve (Al-NISU-S(me-mi)) were prepared by the assembly of protozeotitic nanoclusters. When the Al content in Al-MSU-S was 2.5 % similar to 20 % and 25 % similar to 33.3 % respectively, the corresponding hexagonal mesoporous and meso-microporous structure was obtained. Three IR vibrational bands were observed in the range of 560 - 690 cm(-1), being comparable to microporous faujusite. The tetrahedral coordinated aluminum was found in all the Al-MSU-S molecular sieves, indicating that all the aluminum had entered Al-MSU-S framework. Both Al-MSU-S(me) and Al-MSU-S(me-mi) possessed medium and stronger acid sites. The acid amount of Al-MSU-S(me) increased as Al content decreased, and the acid amount of Al-MSU-S(me-mi) was much more than that of Al-MSU-S(me), and the acid strength of Al-MSU-S(me-mi) was much stronger than that of Al-MSUS(me). The catalytic activity of Al-MSU-S in H+ form was measured by diisopropylbenzene(DIPB) cracking reaction at different temperatures and pressure. Under the pressure of 0.1. MPa the Al-MSU-S ( me-mi) had higher activity than the Al-MSU-S(me), while the catalytic activity of Al-NISU-S(me) increased steadily as Al content decreased.


MIR systems have lots of applications in aerospace remote sensing.Because of thermal radiation,MIR optic system usually requires 100% cold stop efficiency.Optic systems used in aerospace have more input constraints as the weight and size limitation.Modern optic technology can simplify optic structure.Optic designer can only use refractive index,curvature,and air space to optimize a system.Now more parameters can be used with aspheric or diffractive surfaces.They can correct wavefront errors very efficiently.This paper give a 3~5 μm,D=200 mm,F/#=2.5 design with 3 elements.The system contains a Cassegrain telescope and relay system.The relay system has only one ZnS lens.The whole system performs very well within the diffraction limit.


Court") offers taxpayers simplified and expedited procedures for disputes involving amounts of $50,000 or less. Allowing taxpayers to elect "small tax case" status promotes efficiency in the Tax Court and makes it easier for taxpayers to have their day in court. Despite the ease with which small tax case status grants taxpayers access to judicial review, small tax cases remain difficult for taxpayers to win. Analysis of recent small case decisions reveals why taxpayers frequently lose small tax cases and provides guidance on what taxpayers can do to improve their chances for success.


This study was undertaken to investigate the effect of feeding coriander seeds, black pepper and turmeric powder, as a growth promoter in broiler feed on growth performance, carcass characteristics and blood profile. A total 240 day-old commercial broiler chicks (Cobb-400) were divided equally into four groups with 60 birds (three replicates each of 20 birds) and were assigned to four iso-nutritive diets, viz., Diet-I (basal control diet without feed additives), Diet-II (basal control diet with 2 % Coriander seeds), Diet-III (basal control diet with 2 % Turmeric powder) and Diet-IV (basal control diet with 0.5 % Black pepper). Feed and water were offered ad libitum till the termination of the trial at 42 days. The starter and finisher diets were given to birds from 1 to 28 and 29 to 42 days of age, respectively. Growth performance and blood parameters were measured. Overall feed intake (g) was found to be significantly (P<0.05) higher in different treatment groups as compared to control group with highest value for T3 group followed by T2, T4 and T1 groups. Final body weights (g) were found to be significantly (P<0.05) higher in all treatment groups (T2,T3 and T4) as compared to control group (T1) and highest total body weight of experimental birds was observed in coriander seed supplemented group (T2) followed by black pepper (T4), turmeric (T3) and control group (T1). Difference in feed conversion ratio was found to be non significant among control (T1), T2, T3 and T4 group. Non significant (P>0.05) difference for different haemato biochemical parameters like Hemoglobin (Hb), Packed cell volume (PCV), Total Erythrocyte Count (TEC), Total Leukocyte Count (TLC) and Alanine Amino Transaminase (ALT) were observed. Aspartate amino transferase (AST) value which was significantly higher in treatment groups (T2, T3, T4) as compare to control (T1). The results of the present investigation indicated that use of coriander seed @ of 2% improves the overall performance without any harmful effect on hemato-biochemical profile and can be included in the diet of broilers up to 42 days to maximize the profit.


The dynamic mechanical properties of epoxy/mica glass-fiber reinforced composites were studied at different aging stages under electrical-thermal stresses and thermal-mechanical stresses. A new method was proposed to calculate the apparent activation energy of glass transition (AAEGT) of epoxy/mica based on dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) curves. It is suggested that dynamic mechanical parameters can be used to describe the aging characteristics of epoxy/mica.


In this paper, we prove that a class of fractional Burgers' equations has a unique solution under some special conditions. Moreover, we show that an optimal control problem for a special class of fractional Burgers' equations has at least one optimal solution.


................................................................................................................................... I ATTESTATION OF AUTHORSHIP ............................................................................................. IV ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................................................. V CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................... 1 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW ......................................................................................... 3 2.


Mechanism and stereochemistry of three component Ugi reaction (3C-Ugi) were studied theoretically based on DFT calculations. Structures of reagents, products, intermediates, and transition states were optimized at M062X/6-31+g(d,p) level of theory in gas phase and in methanol as a common solvent for this reaction. The reaction takes place through several processes, including atom inversion, bond rotation, acid-base, nucleophile-electrophile competitions. These diverse phenomena were studied to provide a clearer picture of the mechanism of this valuable reaction, especially in terms of stereochemistry considerations. According to the results, the enthalpy of the reaction was -45.9 and -41.2 kcal/mol for the dominant product in gas phase and in methanol. The stereoselectivity of the reaction was under the kinetic control of nucleophilic attack of isocyanide to less hindered si-face (E a = 4.1       compared to 7.4 kcal/mol for re-face) of more stable chiral (E)-iminium in methanol. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17807/orbital.v11i1.1214


The tritium pellet injector (TPI) for the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor (TFTR) will provide a tritium pellet fueling capability with pellet speeds in the 1- to 3-km/s range for the TFTR deuterium-tritium (D-T) phase. The existing TFTR deuterium pellet injector (DPI) has been modified at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) to provide a four-shot, tritium-compatible, pipe-gun configuration with three upgraded single-stage pneumatic guns and a two-stage light gas gun driver. The TPI was designed to provide pellets ranging from 3.3 to 4.5 mm in diameter in arbitrarily programmable firing sequences at speeds up to approximately 1.5 km/s for the three single-stage drivers and 2.5 to 3 km/s for the two-stage driver. Injector operation is controlled by a programmable logic controller. The new pipe-gun injector assembly was installed in the modified DPI guard vacuum box, and modifications were made to the internals of the DPI vacuum injection line, including a new pellet diagnostics package. Assembly of these modified parts with existing DPI components was then completed, and the TPI was tested at ORNL with deuterium pellet. Results of the limited testing program at ORNL are described. The TPI is being installed on TFTR to support the D-D run period in 1992.more » In 1993, the tritium pellet injector will be retrofitted with a D-T fuel manifold and secondary tritium containment systems and integrated into TFTR tritium processing systems to provide full tritium pellet capability.« less


Objective To evaluate the effect of different concentrations of carbamide peroxide on the growth of cultured human gingival epithelial cells,and find out the time scope that apoptosis of the majority of the cells is induced during treatment with different concentrations of carbamide peroxide.Methods Human gingival epithelial cells were isolated and characterized by morphology and immunohistochemistry.The cells were then cultured in EpiLife medium in presence of 10% or 20% or in absence of carbamide peroxide.Percentage of dead cells was calculated at different time intervals upon carbamide peroxide supplementation.Results Cultured human gingival epithelial cells were polygonal,grew cobblestone-like in monolayer and stained positive for keratin.Death of the majority of the cells was observed within 90 seconds in the presence of 10% carbamide peroxide and within 60 seconds in the presence of 20% carbamide peroxide.Conclusion Carbamide peroxide is toxic to in vitro cultured human gingival epithelial cells.We suggest strongly that the time scope of carbamide peroxide contamination to gingiva should be well-controlled to be no more than 1 minute during clinical practice.


Refractory intermetallic silicides are receiving increasing consideration for use as high temperature structural materials. A{sub 5}Si{sub 3} compositions are particularly interesting due to their ability to incorporate a variety of interstitial ternary additions. These ternary additions present a unique opportunity to potentially tailor physical properties. Previous experimental work has shown that these additions can decrease the inherent thermal expansion anisotropy of Ti{sub 5}Si{sub 3}. This paper reviews some of the literature with respect to binary and ternary silicides of the form A{sub 5}Si{sub 3}Z{sub x}. Recent experimental work by the authors on two promising compositions, Ti{sub 5}Si{sub 3} and Mo{sub 5}Si{sub 3}, is discussed. Interstitial additions substantially improve the isothermal oxidation resistance of both Ti{sub 5}Si{sub 3} and Mo{sub 5}Si{sub 3}. The lattice parameter of Ti{sub 5}Si{sub 3} is significantly changed by ternary interstitial additions, indicating the extensive solubility of Ti{sub 5}Si{sub 3} for such additions. The level of similar additions affects the phase assemblage of Mo{sub 5}Si{sub 3}. Hardness and toughness values from indentation measurements for selected compositions are given.


The mechanical properties and in particular toughness of all materials are controlled by the morphology and the structures down to the nm-level. In polymers precondition of any ductility and toughness is a minimum of free volume, the free space between the macromolecular segments in the scale of 0.1 nm and in the range of a few per cent of the whole volume. For a high stiffness and strength of the material the free volume should not be too large. On the other side, nanovoids in the size of some 10 nm up to some 100 nm with a volume content of a few 10% can contribute to a remarkable increase of toughness of otherwise brittle polymers. Many polymers and particularly polymer combinations reveal formation of voids due to processing or after mechanical loading. If the voids possess sizes below a critical value, they do not initiate premature or brittle fracture, but they can play a very positive role in increasing toughness. Next to the sizes of voids, the distances between voids, i.e. the thicknesses of the polymeric strands between voids possess a decisive influence. In this talk the role of nanovoids and nanoparticles of different sizes on mechanical properties and particularly on toughness in several polymers is discussed. With decreasing void sizes and intervoid distances, the influence of the interphase material around the voids becomes more important and characteristic changes in the nano- and micro-deformation mechanisms appear. These mechanisms in dependence on the local morphology have been revealed by several techniques of electron microscopy, including scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy (so-called in-situ microscopy) [1]. In this way, detailed structure-property-correlations could be determined [2, 3]. Different groups of nanostructured polymer combinations have been studied, including [2, 3] - rubber modified polymers with nanosized core-shell particles (SAN and PMMA modified with PBA


The study investigates the influence of source weight, type of source plate and number of stacking on the resolution of the dispersion image obtained from the active Multichannel Analysis of Surface Waves (MASW) method at peat soil condition. Fundamental-mode dispersion curve determination is governed by the optimum configuration of the active MASW method. Optimum configuration will ensure reliable inverted shear wave velocity profile. The heterogeneity and problematic characteristics of peat soil provide challenges on the MASW survey. Based on the field tests conducted, the effect of the source weight was significant. Heavier source weight relatively increases the dispersion image resolution especially at lower frequencies but sacrificing the resolution at higher frequencies. Therefore, heavier source weight (i.e. 7 kg sledgehammer) was recommended for deeper depth of investigation with little concern on the shallow depth. The use of rubber plate also contributed to the increases of energy accumulation at lower frequencies. Increasing number of stacking increases the overall energy band as the stacking allows significant suppression of the ambient noise. 5 to 10 stacks were recommended for peat soil condition. Finally, overall comparison between the dispersion images obtained at both locations shows that thicker peat soil layer results in lower resolution and low signal-to-noise ratio dispersion image.


ABSTRACT It is illustrated how basic chemistry knowledge can be applied to develop a novel separating agent for copper(II) in the form of 1-decylimidazole. Its high extraction efficiency for Cu2+ in an acidic dilute chloride medium was illustrated. A comparative study was made with a known substituted pyridine extractant. The role of the higher σ donicity of the aromatic nitrogen atom of the imidazole derivative as compared to that of the nitrogen atom of the pyridine derivative resulting in the much higher extraction efficiency of the former when compared under comparable conditions, is illustrated. The conditions for effective extraction and back extraction are described.


The Javanese language has various forms of affixed words. It makes people from other regions find it difficult to understand the Javanese language. One of the ways to understand the Javanese language is by studying and understanding Javanese vocabulary in the Javanese language dictionary or learning directly from ones who master the Javanese language. Both offline and online dictionaries have not been able to translate affixed words. This research used Nazief and Adriani Algorithm to find out the stems/root words in the Javanese language. The objective of this research is to apply the Nazief and Adriani Algorithm in stemming affixed words in the Javanese language. The subject discussed in this research is the application of stemming affixed Javanese words by using Nazief and Adriani algorithm. The stages started with identifying the affixes in the Javanese language. Nazief and Adriani algorithm has five steps those are detecting words that have affixes, cutting words that contain inflection suffixes, derivation suffixes and derivation prefixes, and last recording. The result of this research is a stemming application for affixed Javanese words that applies Nazief and Adriani algorithm method. Based on the accuracy test, it appears that 93.6% of words are accurate from the total of 219 words tested.


Mixtures of annual weeds emerging 1 week after and competing all season with potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) reduced tuber yields by an average of 54% compared to 16% in comparable treatments in which weeds emerged 3 weeks after potatoes. Weeds reduced tuber yields 19% 8 weeks after potatoes emerged and 25 to 45% 10 weeks after emergence. After full-season competition, for each additional 10% of the total dry biomass represented by weeds, there was a decrease of 12% in fresh tuber yield. This relationship was not valid if potatoes were harvested early, which reduced the deleterious effect of weeds on potato yields. Weed competition reduced both size and number of tubers, but had little effect on specific gravity of tubers. In some instances, the reduction in tuber size by weeds reduced the percentage of tubers that were marketable.


Field observations collected on the Atcahfalaya shelf in 2008 captured in high detail the shoaling evolution of a meteotsunami, including its disintegration into a undular bore. One of the intriguing elements of this process is a spectacular 1.5-m solitary-wave (soliton) forerunner, that precedes the arrival of the meteotsunami by approximately 5 min, reaching the observation site propagating through relatively calm waters (a wave field of approximately 20-cm height).


The Brazilian labor movement played an instrumental role in the demise of Brazil's authoritarian regime. As one of the few highly organized and institutionalized social actors in Brazil in the late 1970s, the labor movement led massive strikes, demonstrations, and rallies protesting the military government's policies and demanding a return to democracy.' This article examines how organized labor in Brazil articulated and defended its interests in the period of political reconstruction and democratization. How did the labor movement act? Why did it act as it did? And what are the consequences for the labor movement and the consolidation of democracy? To study these questions, this article applies two approaches derived from the literature on transitions to democracy: the "coup poker" and "multilayered chess game" analogies. While both approaches are useful in establishing broad parameters for analysis of the strategies available to labor movements and the impact of those strategies on such movements and the emerging democratic system, I show with the Brazilian case that they ignore several motivating factors and possible outcomes of those strategies. And, in analyzing the Brazilian case, I suggest that, although certain political, economic, and organizational constraints on the working class are greater during political transitions than under a stable democratic regime, the labor movement's strategies and the results of those strategies are very similar during both periods.


The method for extraction and determination of semi-volatile organic compounds in groundwater was described in this(paper).The semi-volatile organic compounds in water samples from Jiulong River in Fujian province were extracted with mixed resins of XAD-2 and XAD-8 and determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.138 organic compounds were detected and among them 20 compounds are the preferentially controlled organic pollutants issued by US Environmental Protection Agency.


With the rapidly increasing popularity of XML for data representation, there is a lot of interest in query processing over data that conforms to a labeled-tree or labeled-graph data model. An important component in querying such data involves traversing the labeled-graph by forming path expressions. This thesis studies auxiliary data structures known as path indexes that are intended to speed up the evaluation of path expressions. The approach adopted towards path indexing in this thesis is to construct a smaller summary graph and then evaluate path expressions over this smaller graph.
We first describe formally why this problem of path indexing is different from the traditional indexing problem in database systems. Next, we propose an index specification framework that can be used to define a wide variety of path indexes, each covering a different set of path expressions. The techniques used in this framework are such that for a large class of index specifications, the resulting path index is the smallest index that is suitable for the respective set of path expressions. These techniques are based on the notion of graph bisimilarity.
We then study how XML queries can be processed in a native XML database management system using path indexes in conjunction with inverted lists. We also analyze how this integration of path indexing and inverted lists can be used to answer information retrieval style relevance-based queries. The algorithms we obtain in this context have the property of instance optimality, a notion of optimality recently introduced by Fagin et al. in the published literature. Finally, in the last part of this thesis, we study how the path indexes we propose can be maintained as the underlying data changes.


An unusual case of cementifying fibroma is presented; a few examples with an extension to the maxillary sinus have been only recorded.


Studies on Chronic Bovine Hematuria Vesicalis Due to Tumors II. Occurrence in Japanese Indigenous Cattle in the Northern Mountainous District of Okayama Prefecture T. MAEDA, I. TSUMURA, O. OTAKE and *M. TAKAHASHI (Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, and *Okayama Prefectural ede Federation of Agricultural Mutual Aid Associations) SUMMARY Chronic hematuria accompanied by cystic tumor was found to have been occurring to Japanese indigenous cattle in a restricted mountainous area about 300km2 in space of Okayama Prefecture since about 1870. At least 30 cases of it were confirmed clinically in the past 12 years. They were 10.3 years, on the average, of age and found mostly in May and November. Histopathological examination of severe cases revealed hemangioma, hemangioendothelioma, adenocarcimona, and transitional epithelial carcinoma in the urinary bladder. These tumors appeared. independently or in combination. They were accompanied by urocystitis. Hemorrhage was seen mainly in the tumorous region and also in other mucosal areas. In some acute severe cases, anemia occurred by cystic hemorrhage and was complicated with suppurative nephritis and piroplasmosis.


To post questions or opinions to an electronic bulletin board system on the Internet, it is important for a contributor to find the most appropriate electronic bulletin board system. Posting a contribution to an irrelevant electronic bulletin board system may cause such problems as "no accurate answer arrives" or "follow-up contributions cannot be easily attached." However, since the Internet contains massive electronic bulletin board systems that include enormous numbers of diverse kinds of articles, it is extremely difficult to find the most appropriate electronic bulletin board system. Therefore, the aim of this research is to construct a system that extracts and visualizes information related to articles that are posted to an electronic bulletin board system and information related to contributors so that a user can easily and intuitively solve this kind of problem. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 34(10): 36–46, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/scj.10408


In this paper, we discuss the method of FEC comparison. Such method should satisfy the following requirements: possibility to investigate big amount of cathode per short time and possibility to investigate cathode inside a finished device. Moreover the method should not only permit a comparison of cathodes but it has to reveal the cause of the differences between cathodes.


The utility model relates to a numerical control double-shaft drilling and milling power head for machining a valve body. A square ram is installed on a ram seat, the front end of the square ram is connected with a milling shaft frame supporting rotary disc, two milling shaft frames are symmetrically installed on the milling shaft frame supporting rotary disc, drilling and milling shafts are connected on eccentric holes of the two milling shaft frames respectively in a sleeved mode, the rear end of the square ram is connected with a main shaft box, the other end of the main shaft box is connected with a differential feeding box, the differential feeding box is connected with a servo motor, the upper end of the main shaft box is connected with a main shaft alternating frequency-variable motor through a connecting body, a shifting fork air cylinder in an opposite side of the motor is connected with the main shaft box, the lower end of the main shaft box is connected with a motor frame, the motor frame is connected with the servo motor, a main shaft penetrates through the square ram, one end of the main shaft is connected with the milling shaft frame supporting rotary disc, the other end of the main shaft is connected inside the main shaft box, and a core shaft is connected with the center of the main shaft in a sleeved mode. The numerical control double-shaft drilling and milling power head for machining the valve body can be matched with a tool magazine to achieve the purposes of high efficiency and safety, and can complete one time of clamping multi-station machining when matched with a rotary worktable for use.


As technology advances, the metal width is decreasing with the length increasing, making the resistance along the power line increase substantially. Together with the nonlinear scaling of the threshold voltage that makes the ratio of the threshold voltage to the supply voltage rise, the voltage (IR) drop become a serious problem in modern VLSI design. Traditional power/ground (P/G) network analysis methods are typically very computationally expensive and thus not feasible to be integrated into floorplanning. To make the integration of the P/G analysis with floorplanning feasible, we need a very efficient, yet sufficiently accurate analysis method. In this paper, we present the methods for the fast analysis of the P/G networks at the floorplanning stage and integrate our analyzer into a commercial tool to develop a power integrity (IR drop) driven design methodology. Experimental results based on three real-world circuit designs show that our P/G network analyzer is accurate enough and very efficient.


Plants provide a significant portion of the global food supply. Plant infections are a factor in productivity loss, although they can be avoided with constant observation. Plant illness detection by hand is time-consuming and a mistake. Earlier diagnosis of fungal pathogens with computer vision and artificial intelligence (AI) can assist decrease illness severity and overcoming the limitations of continuous human observation. There have been significant advances in the creation of plant illness identification, and classifying systems based on "Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL)" models, with a sample of assessment of several plant leaf illness classification techniques displayed with tables. In this article, we conduct a comprehensive literature review on the applications of state-of-the-art Machine, and Deep Learning techniques for plant disease categorization, including Support Vector Machine, Convolutional Neural Network, K-Nearest Neighbor, Naive Bayes, and other prevalent Machine learning algorithms, as well as AlexNet, GoogleNet, VGGNet, and other prevalent Deep learning techniques. Every algorithm can be defined by the processing techniques used, such as image segmentation and extraction and classification, as well as the standardized experimental-setup metrics used, such as the total number of training/testing datasets used, the number of diseases considered, the category of classification model used, and the classifier performance.


The effectiveness and tolerability of captopril and verapamil SR were compared in a double-blind, crossover study in 23 elderly hypertensives [15 males and 8 females, aged (mean ± SEM) 68 ± 1 years]. After 2 weeks of placebo run-in, patients were randomized to a starting dose of captopril, 12.5 mg b.i.d. or verapamil SR, 120 mg q.d. plus matched placebo of the opposite drug. Medication was titrated up over 6 weeks to a maximum dose of 75 mg of captopril or 360 mg of verapamil SR to achieve a sitting diastolic blood pressure of < 90 mm Hg. After 2 weeks of placebo washout, captopril and verapamil were crossed over. In the 20 patients who completed the study, the dose at the end of the respective treatment periods averaged 63 ± 4 mg of captopril and 270 ±21 mg of verapamil SR. Blood pressure at the end of the run-in and washout placebo periods were comparable: 164 ± 4/97 ± 1 and 163 ± 4/98 ± 2 mm Hg, respectively. However, the blood pressure was significantly lower after verapamil, i.e., 147 ± 4/86 ± 2 mm Hg, than after captopril, i.e., 155 ± 4/90 ± 1 mm Hg (p < 0.05, ANOVA). There was no significant change in heart rate and laboratory parameters and no orthostatic hypotension. Captopril-treated patients reported a positive change in well being compared with placebo, although there was no overall difference between the drugs in any of the ten quality of life measurements. Three patients discontinued treatment, two because of constipation (verapamil) and one due to lack of efficacy (captopril). Other important but tolerable side effects included constipation (one), asymptomatic first-degree AV block (two) due to verapamil, and prolonged cough (one) due to captopril. In conclusion, both verapamil and captopril were effective and well tolerated. Verapamil was more effective but side effects, notably constipation, which necessitated discontinuation of treatment, were more common with this drug.


The invention relates to triple-helix oligo nucleotides which become attached to double-stranded genomic ICAM-1-DNA sequences and thus inhibit transcription. The invention also relates to polydesoxyribonucleotides as therapeutic agents in the therapy or prophylaxis of ICAM-1 associated diseases.


In the planning point of view, it is essential to have mode choice, due to the massive amount of incurred in transportation systems. The intercity travellers in Libya have distinct features, as against travellers from other countries, which includes cultural and socioeconomic factors. Consequently, the goal of this study is to recognize the behavior of intercity travel using disaggregate models, for projecting the demand of nation-level intercity travel in Libya. Multinomial Logit Model for all the intercity trips has been formulated to examine the national-level intercity transportation in Libya. The Multinomial logit model was calibrated using nationwide revealed preferences (RP) and stated preferences (SP) survey. The model was developed for deference purpose of intercity trips (work, social and recreational). The variables of the model have been predicted based on maximum likelihood method. The data needed for model development were obtained from all major intercity corridors in Libya. The final sample size consisted of 1300 interviews. About two-thirds of these data were used for model calibration, and the remaining parts were used for model validation. This study, which is the first of its kind in Libya, investigates the intercity traveler's mode-choice behavior. The intercity travel mode-choice model was successfully calibrated and validated. The outcomes indicate that, the overall model is effective and yields higher precision of estimation. The proposed model is beneficial, due to the fact that, it is receptive to a lot of variables, and can be employed to determine the impact of modifications in the numerous characteristics on the need for various travel modes. Estimations of the model might also be of valuable to planners, who can estimate possibilities for various modes and determine the impact of unique policy modifications on the need for intercity travel. Keywords—Multinomial logit model, improved intercity transport, intercity mode-choice behavior, disaggregate analysis.


General All chemicals were purchased from Acros Organics (Queluz, Portugal), Aldrich (St. Louis, Missouri, United States), Alfa Aesar (Haverhill, Massachusetts, United States), Merck (Darmstadt, Germany) and Eurisotop (Saint-Aubin, France) and were used as received. All reactions were monitored by TLC and the precoated TLC plates ( Silica gel 60 F254 ) were visualized by exposure to ultraviolet light and/or ninhydrin stain.


Summary A new term, endophallite, is proposed to standardize the nomenclature of the various sclerotized elements of the insect endophallus.


This study aims to explore the current status of using e-learning in vocational training institutions in South Korea and the institutions' intent to adopt e-learning or blended learning. A total of 116 responses to an online survey were received from the instructors and administrators in vocational training institutions. The findings of the study are summarized as follows. First, e-learning content was found mostly used as supplementary materials in blended or classroom learning. Second, the main reasons for not using e-learning were related to the low training effectiveness in e-learning and the difficulty of finding appropriate e-learning content. Third, the dominant reasons that vocational training institutions believed they might need e-learning were related to content reuse and e-learning flexibility. Fourth, National Competency Standards-based content, theory-focused content, and practice alternative content were found to be most useful e-learning content in vocational training institutions. Fifth, the most preferred type of e-learning content was smaller modules developed for learning specific knowledge or skills. Lastly, vocational training institutions were found to be hesitant about using e-learning in the future because of the lower training effectiveness in e-learning and the lack of interaction among learners and instructors in e-learning contexts. Suggestions for practitioners and researchers are provided on the basis of the findings.


Achieving uninterrupted water supply to the consumer node is considered to be the significant aspect for urban water distribution system (WDS). Under circumstances such as sensor failures or large sampling interval, the intermittent vital data are ignored, which lead to the missing data problem. In this work, an enhanced version of Kalman filter (KF) is proposed termed to be customized KF (CKF). The proposed CKF is equipped to handle the state‐ and input‐dependent noises, which are amplified based on the input and states in WDS. These noises corrupt the measured response from the WDS added to the conventional sensor and model uncertainties. In this case, a real‐world‐existing WDS is considered to test the credibility of the proposed algorithm. This reduces the complexity of the computation and the sampling rate of the measured head level, and the flows are considered to be random. The study indicates that the proposed CKF performs better in estimating the missing data voids with the noise‐corrupted measurements. To have the continuous monitoring accessible in remote sections, the vital parameters are monitored through Internet of Things (IoT) in android platform. The estimated data from the MATLAB and the sensor data of the consumer demands are monitored through user‐defined android application. This technique provides the advantage of monitoring the WDS in flyby condition and also even in the presence of any sensor failures, which also helps to localize the fault location.


OBJECTIVE
To determine the demographic, socio-economic and psycho-social factors associated with condom use amongst antenatal clinic attendees in Dar es Salaam.

METHODS
A cross sectional study design was employed in four antenatal clinics in Dar es Salaam. Pregnant women were interviewed between April 1995 and July 1997 to find out if they have ever used a condom and if so whether they had used them consistently for all coital acts in the previous year.

RESULTS
Of 1,585 women interviewed, 41% had their first sexual experience before age of 18 years and 82% had a history of having more than two sexual partners during their lifetime. Sixty-two percent of women had never used a condom. Although 40% had used a condom in the previous year only 12% used them consistently. Ever use of a condom increased significantly with the number of years of education of the respondent and her partner also with the respondent's financial independence. Women with > 9 years of education were twice as likely as women with < 5 years of education to be condom users (prevalence ratio (PR) = 2.1, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.6-2.7). Professional women were almost twice as likely as housewives to have ever used a condom (PR = 1.8, 95% CI = 1.3-2.3). Women who reported that they have had more than four sexual partners during their lifetime were associated with nearly a four-fold higher lifetime rate of having ever used a condom, compared with a single lifetime partnership (PR = 3.9, 95% CI = 2.8-5.4).

CONCLUSION
The reported prevalence of ever use of a condom amongst antenatal clinic attendees is low and inconsistent especially among HIV positive women. Deliberate effort should be used to ensure condom access, availability and correct and consistent use of condoms by women in all sexual acts.


The firefighting and rescue cooperation assignment is the central problem of the cross-area firefighting. How to make and effective inference according to the uncertain information acquired is a problem needed an urgent solvent. In this paper, cooperation task assignment algorithm of firefighting and rescue based on DBOA is presented. The concept of Distance Discount Factor (DDF) has been introduced to address the fact that operational units close but less significant units could be more rewarding than operational units far but more significant units. Simulation results have verified that the method could be used to solve the complex question, the operation was quickly and the solution was best and the DDF is validity with comparing the simulation results with and without DDF.


Makerspaces have grown over the last two decades and provide a potentially important resource to entrepreneurs. One area where the expansion of makerspaces has been the largest is in educational settings, at both K-12 schools and colleges. However, scant research to date has analysed whether students visiting a makerspace have any relationship with their professional goals or intentions. This study uses a survey conducted in New Orleans to analyse the predictors of what students use a makerspace, and the potential relationship visiting may have with entrepreneurial intent. The analysis finds that students with a higher socio-economic status appear to use makerspaces more often, and that students who visited makerspaces are more likely to express interest in starting their own businesses.


This paper looks at the issue once more of whether there is a statistically significant relationship between industry structure and economic performance. Tempered by the results of a test for structural stability, it is suggested that judicious choice of the industries included in the sample used to estimate the hypothesized relationship will lead to any desired result. As a consequence, one must be cautious in accepting the results of any study that unequivocally purports to show the presence or absence of an identifiable relationship between industry structure and industry performance.


This study is a description and evaluation of a prototype automatic sentential translation system, called FTL, which translates Mandarin Chinese into English. A survey of existing machine translation systems and a typology based upon their design and method of development are also presented in this study.
The FTL translating system, which is written in LISP is a transfer system with some direct translation features. The system parses a Chinese input sentence using an augmented transition network based upon a two-level grammar of Chinese. The highest-level metavariables in the two-level grammar of Chinese are keyed to the communicative function of the input sentence. After the parse is completed, the system transfers syntactic, semantic, and functional information to its generation module. Generation of the English output sentence is performed by an augmented transition network based upon a two-level grammar of English.
Conceptually, the FTL system borrows from the functional-notional approach to language learning. The metavariables of the two two-level grammars correspond to the functions of the input language, and the protovariables and terminals of the two two-level grammars roughly correspond to the notions of the input sentence.
The FTL system has translation capabilities at the low to intermediate level of Chinese proficiency as defined by the American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages. The FTL system is unique among current machine translation systems in its use of two-level grammars for parsing and for generation, and in its focus on communicative function for translation.


By using the diagram technique method, we introduce the collective variables in the theory of copolymer melts without appealing to the random phase approximation. The main result of this work is that the fluctuations in the collective structure factor directly couple to the individual structure factors of the block copolymer chain entering the Leibler expression of the collective structure factor. The expansion parameter, which controls the fluctuations, is found to be proportional to the Flory-Huggins χ parameter. We apply our method to compute the collective structure factor of a diblock copolymer melt above the microphase separation (MST) in a self-consistent way. Below the MST, we predict that the individual quantities of the copolymer melt (gyration radius, R g ; mean-square end-to-end distance of the block copolymer, R 2 ) become explicitly dependent on the order parameter and compute this dependence for R 2 up to the lowest order.


Machine learning has a wide range of applications in many fields, and a good application prospect makes it more urgent to carry out machine learning teaching. In the process of building machine learning courses, this paper not only follows the CDIO teaching concept, but also uses the student behavior data as the real data source of the practice link. Through refined theoretical analysis, real experimental cases and complete development process, students will master the application skills of machine learning.