The present invention relates to a detection apparatus and method for detecting the visual axis of the optical system and the focus value of the shaking, the visual axis detecting means by a projection apparatus, a photodetector and a timing control unit, where the visual axis of the projection device and a light source drive controller, points a reticle, the illumination light source and collimating mirrors; synchronous control means and the projection of the visual axis of the photodetector by the timing control means, when the frame image of the projection target image has not only record extraction target miss distance, after the frame image interpretation, to achieve visual axis detecting optical system and the position of the combined focal length value; no projection target image on the image for real-time recording and extracting target miss distance, miss distance feed servo system for automatic target tracking. The present invention solves the problem in the conventional automatic tracking theodolite targets, since the amount of the extract on a target image projected on the target crosshair off, can not detect the fluctuation of visual axis and focus variation theodolite optical system.


Photovoltaic (PV) power plants cover large areas that are susceptible to multiple lightning strikes. Consequences of the electromagnetic interference caused by lightning can be a major concern for people safety and equipment integrity. In this paper, we investigate lightning overvoltage and transient ground potential rise in large PV plants for different lightning strike scenarios. The main objectives of this paper is to describe the analysis that was carried out and propose cost-effective mitigation techniques based on the most advanced simulation techniques.


The paper studies the rich ethnocultural sources in the «Alasapyran» novel by Muhtar Magauin and its potential for forming national values. On the basis of concrete examples, the character of ethnocultural information in the novel and peculiarities of its translation into other languages was analyzed. The artistic role of ethno cultural information that creates expression have been analyzed as well. The actuality of studying ethno cultural information of novel is presented in connection with the modern public and social needs. The paper is devoted to the reflection on the actuality of national history and national values for spiritual revival of national self-consciousness by preserving national code and national identity.


Through measuring coriolis acceleration by means of a centrifuge and an accelerometer, the azimuthal angle can be identified. In this paper, the working theory of accelerometer directing north is deduced, and the realization condition is given.


Business process management has grown into a mature discipline supported by a large number of commercial and open source products, collectively referred to as Business Process Management Systems (BPMS). Because most of the business processes are long-running, any data relating to a running instance of a business process need to persist in a data storage. In an organisation several BPMS products can co-exist and work along side each other. Each one of these BPMS tools has its own denition of process instances, creating a heterogeneous environment. This reduces interoperabilities between business process management systems and increases the eort involved in analysing the data. In this paper, we propose a multi-view business process instance model (BPIM) which provides a holistic view of business process instance. BPIM has three dimensions; process execution path, process instance meta-data and process instance data. This model aims to provide an abstract layer between the data storage and BPM engines, leading to common understanding of what is involved in storing business process instance data.


In this paper we shall study an aggadic tradition from the Babylonian Talmud while trying to find traces of early Iranian mythological conceptions that were absorbed by the talmudic sages as a part of their own biblically enrooted knowledge. We shall also attempt to gain a better understanding of the talmudic text by presuming that it reflects ideas absorbed from the Iranian—or, rather, "Iraqian"—environment. Occasionally, however, early Iranian myths do not always survive in their original, complete forms, and sometimes only fragmentary remains in medieval Zoroastrian literature can be used for their reconstruction. The so-called ninth-century books in Pahlavi were edited by Zoroastrian priests at a rather late date, and in a quite tendentious manner. Significantly, the bulk of the numerous "pagan" strains were excised, probably because the editing work took place in a Muslim environment, and our knowledge of the actual popular religions of Sasanian—or, for our purpose, talmudic—western Iran and Mesopotamia/Iraq is far from adequate. Thus, every piece of secondary evidence regarding the popular Iranian beliefs is precious.


In this paper, we examine the application of evolutionary multiobjective optimization (EMO) algorithms to the design of fuzzy rule-based ensemble classifiers. An EMO algorithm is used to search for a large number of non-dominated fuzzy rule-based classifiers along the accuracy-complexity tradeoff surface. The accuracy of each fuzzy rule-based classifier is measured by the number of correctly classified training patterns while its complexity is measured by the number of fuzzy rules and the total number of antecedent conditions. An ensemble classifier is designed by combining non-dominated fuzzy rule-based classifiers. We examine the performance of ensemble classifiers through computational experiments on six benchmark data sets in the UCI machine learning repository. We also examine the diversity of individual fuzzy rule-based classifiers in each ensemble classifier.


Statistical analyses of zero-crossing sampling first- and second order digital phase-locked loops in fading channls (DPLFC) are presented. A DPLFC is defined as one where the incoming signal is not only corrupted by additive Gaussian noise channel (AGN) but also by a fading communication channel. The three fading channels considered are the log-normal, Rayleigh, and Rician channels. The performance degradation of the DPLFC operation is characterized by the steady-state phase-error process probability density function and phase-error variance. Approximate analytic expressions for the phase-error statistics of a first-order DPLFC for both phase-step and frequency-step inputs are obtained by solving the Chapman-Kolmogorov equation associated with the phase-error process. The second-order DPLFC is analyzed for a frequency-step input. Numerical and simulation results are provided confirming the analyses presented for the three fading channels considered.


We consider the recovery of a complex band-limited radar waveform from the magnitude of the fractional Fourier transform (FrFT) formulation of its ambiguity function (AF). This is essentially a phase retrieval (PR) problem applied to radar waveform design. The FrFT-based AF is mathematically obtained by correlating the signal with its frequency-rotated, Doppler-shifted, and delayed replicas. It completely characterizes the radar's capability to discriminate closely-spaced targets in the delay-Doppler plane. Unlike prior works which largely involved analytical approaches, our method WaveMax formulates the recovery of the waveform via the FrFT-based AF PR as a convex optimization problem. Specifically, we retrieve the signal by solving a basis pursuit that requires a designed approximation of the radar signal obtained by extracting the leading eigenvector of a matrix depending on the AF. Our theoretical analysis shows that unique waveform reconstruction is possible using signal samples no more than thrice the number of signal frequencies or time samples. Numerical experiments demonstrate that our method recovers band-limited signals from both even-sparse and random samples of the AFs with a mean squared error of $1\times 10^{-6}$ and $5\times 10^{-2}$ for full noiseless samples and sparse noisy samples, respectively.


It is not necessary to present an age-grade chart for a typical city school system to demonstrate the fact that there is a large percentage of pupils several years over-age in any particular grade. In fact, there is a small percentage of pupils so low in the scale of intelligence that they will probably never fully master the facts and acquire the skills normally required for promotion to the junior high school. In Fond du Lac, Wisconsin, as in many other cities in this state, provision is made in the elementary schools for decidedly subnormal pupils. For children up to about fourteen years of age, there are three "lower exceptional" rooms, which are housed in elementaryschool buildings. At this age the pupils are sent to the "upper exceptional" room, which until a year or two ago was also in one of the elementary schools but is now in the junior high school. Before pupils can be placed in an "exceptional" room it is necessary that a psychologist from the office of the state department of education examine them and determine who shall be placed in such a room. The state exercises this control by reason of the fact that it provides some of the funds for the maintenance of these rooms. There is always a relatively large number of boys and girls on the border line-pupils who are not properly subnormal but who find it


We study the possibility of spatially non-uniform ground state in (1+1)-dimensional models with quartic fermi interactions at finite fermion densities by introducing chemical potential \mu. We examine the chiral Gross-Neveu model and the Cooper pair model as toy models of the chiral symmetry breaking and the difermion pair condensates which are presumed to exist in QCD. We confirm in the chiral Gross-Neveu model that the ground state has a crystalline structure in which the chiral condensate oscillates in space with wave number 2\mu. Whereas in the Cooper pair model we find that the vacuum structure is spatially uniform. Some discussions are given to explain this difference.


by LARA L. JONES (Under the Direction of Zachary Estes) ABSTRACT Mediated priming refers to the activation of a target (e.g., STRIPES) by a prime (e.g., LION) that is related indirectly via a connecting "mediator" (e.g., tiger). In previous mediated priming studies (e.g., McNamara & Altarriba, 1988), the mediator was associatively related to the prime. In contrast, pure mediated priming entails no association between prime and mediator (e.g., SPOON soup) nor between mediator and target (e.g., soup CAN). This study investigates the existence of pure mediated priming and assesses which semantic priming model (spreading activation, expectancy, compound-cue, or semantic matching) accounts for the results. Experiments 1 – 3 demonstrate the occurrence of mediated priming in a double LDT (Experiment 1) and a standard LDT (Experiments 2 and 3) using a stimuli set consisting of an instrumental relation between prime and mediator (e.g., a spoon is used to eat soup) and an integrative relation between mediator and target (e.g., a can that contains soup). Experiments 4 and 5 also exhibited mediated priming using a different set of stimuli with integrative relations for both links. Overall, results indicate that retrospective semantic matching provides the best explanation of pure mediated priming.


Electron traps in polyimide (PI) film were investigated by analyses of thermally stimulated depolarization current (TSDC). A broad a peak of TDSC was observed around 459K in PI which was ascribed to the release of space charge. Then we estimated electron tr ap levels in polyimide based on the theory of Simmons and found their distributed by Gaussian distribution in the range of 0.45∼0.90eV. And compare the trap distributions of PI-SiO2 and PI-Al2O3 nano-composite films, give a picture of nano-particle effected on the properties of polymeric dielectric.


Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) is a W3C specification for a style sheet language used for describing the presentation of a document written in a markup language, more precisely, for styling Web documents. However, in the last few years, the landscape for CSS development has changed dramatically with the appearance of several languages and tools aiming to help developers build clean, modular and performance-aware CSS. These new approaches give developers mechanisms to preprocess CSS rules through the use of programming constructs, defined as CSS preprocessors, with the ultimate goal to bring those missing constructs to the CSS realm and to foster stylesheets structured programming. At the same time, a new set of tools appeared, defined as postprocessors, for extension and automation purposes covering a broad set of features ranging from identifying unused and duplicate code to applying vendor prefixes. With all these tools and techniques in hands, developers need to provide a consistent workflow to foster CSS modular coding. This paper aims to present an introductory survey on the CSS processors. The survey gathers information on a specific set of processors, categorizes them and compares their features regarding a set of predefined criteria such as: maturity, coverage and performance. Finally, we propose a basic set of best practices in order to setup a simple and pragmatic styling code workflow.


Given relevant experimental evidence and language universals,
 this paper investigates the adaptation patterns of English stops in Taiwan
 Mandarin and argues in favor of the substantial existence of the perceptual
 phase in loanword adaptation, counter to Paradis & Tremblay's (2009) phonological view on a similar
 issue. The statistically based results from a corpus of established loanwords
 support the view that interpretation of foreign stops is largely conditioned by
 a handful of perceptual factors, i.e., syllable position, aspiration and
 voicing, sonority, and the masking effect of [s]. These effects serve as part of
 the perceptual cues and function with the structural constraints at the level of
 perception, which generates an underlying representation that awaits evaluation
 at the level of production.


Keywords: The high school library,Interior space color,The utilization of color Abstract.Color plays a significant role in the interior space design of high school libraries. From the pe rspective of the color's influence on library users, this study analyzes how the scientific use of color can provide readers with high-quality reading atmosphere and explores the new development trends of the library construction.


The study of pattern has become an integral component across all Grades of the South African school Mathematics curriculum (Department of Education, 2002; Department of Education, 2003b). In the Intermediate Phase (Grades 4-6) the importance of number pattern activities is in "laying the foundation for the study of formal algebra in the Senior Phase while at the same time developing important mathematical thinking skills" (Department of Education, 2003a:37).


The article deals with the reorganization of the Kuban police caused by the reform of Russian law enforcement agencies in the 60-90s of the 19th century. Due to the nature of Kuban as the Cossack region the forming and functioning of the Kuban police had its own specific features though were carried out under the All-Russian legislation. It is noted that Russian police left behind other European countries' police on some elements of service training. At the same time the difficulties of formation of the Kuban police, its shortcomings and attempts of local authorities to create police meeting the requirements of the time are shown.


We consider a multi-qubit system of atoms or ions with two computational ground states and an interacting excited state in the so-called blockade regime, such that only one qubit can be excited at any one time. Examples of such systems are rare-earth-ion-doped crystals and neutral atoms trapped in tweezer arrays. We present a simple laser excitation protocol that yields a complex phase factor on any desired multi-qubit product state, and which can be used to implement multi-qubit gates such as the n-bit Toffoli gates. The operation is performed using only two pulses, where each pulse simultaneously address all qubits. By the use of complex hyperbolic secant pulses our scheme is robust and permits complete transfers to and from the excited states despite the variability of interaction parameters. A detailed analysis of the multi-qubit gate performance is provided.


With the aid of Muller matrices, the authors calculate the signal of a dichrograph with allowance for the residual birefringence of the optical system of the device, the anisotropy of the crystals, and the polarization sensitivity of the photomultiplier. They calculate that the zero line in the presence of polarization sensitivity is distorted by the residual birefringence of the optical system of the device, and the circular dichroism spectra are distorted owing to the nonideality of a device with linear and circular birefringence and the linear dichroism of the crystals. Experimentally they establish that the polarization sensitivity is nonuniformly distributed over the photocathode of the photomultiplier


Growth factors are extracellular molecules that have several regulatory roles during inflammation and bone regeneration. Bio-Oss® granules and Bio-Oss®
Collagen are xenografts used in the management of periodontal and periimplant defects, in addition to a variety of other clinical indications. The aims of
this thesis were to investigate if Bio-Oss® contains residual growth factors that can be released by chemical pre-treatment. It also aimed to investigate if
commercial Bio-Oss® granules or its extracted components alter cellular behaviour. Bio-Oss® collagen and Bio-Oss® granules underwent extraction with either
ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, calcium hydroxide or hydrochloric acid,followed by guanidinium chloride and tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane. Extracted proteins were separated using sodium dodecyl sulphate - polyacrylamide gel
electrophoresis and stained with silver stain. Stained protein bands were consistently demonstrated in Bio-Oss® extracts. Immunoreactivity was demonstrated using antibodies to TGF-β1 and the Western blot technique. In
order to investigate cellular behaviour, bone marrow stromal cells were harvested form Wistar rats prior to being cultured using mineralising media in the presence of Bio-Oss® granules and Bio-Oss® Collagen. Commercial Bio-
Oss® in both forms was unable to support cell growth when seeded directly on their surfaces. In contrast, when cells were cultured with media supplemented with the extracted components of Bio-Oss® granules, cell behaviour was
positively affected. Cell expansion was increased following exposure to DBBM extracts as measured with the MTS assay. Importantly, polymerase chain reactions revealed enhanced temporal expression of bone sialoprotein in cells
cultured in the presence of DBBM extracted components.
ii
The detection of residual protein within Bio-Oss® granules in particular may be of clinical significance. The protein may be in the form of a complex of TGF-β1,
a key growth factor, which may be osteoinductive. Alteration of gene expression profiles may suggest that faster bone regeneration is possible clinically if Bio-Oss® is chemically pre-treated to solubilise growth factors.


A multi-element organic-extraction and back-extraction procedure, that had been developed previously to eliminate matrix interferences in the determination of a large number of trace elements in complex materials such as geological samples, produced organic and aqueous solutions that were complex. Electrothermal atomisation atomic absorption conditions and matrix modifications have been developed for 13 of the extracted elements (Ag, As, Au, Bi, Cd, Ga, In, Pb, Sb, Se, Sn, Te and Tl) that enhance sensitivity, alleviate problems resulting from the complex solutions and produce acceptable precision. Platinum, Pd and Mo can be determined without matrix modification directly on the original unstripped extracts.


The 12 GeV upgrade to the Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility (CEBAF) at Jefferson Lab will enable a new generation of experiments in hadronic nuclear physics, seeking to address fundamental questions in our understanding of QCD. The existence of exotic states, suggested by both quark models and lattice calculations, would allow gluonic degrees of freedom to be explored, and may help explain the role played by gluons in the QCD interaction. This article will review the meson spectroscopy program being planned at the lab following the 12 GeV upgrade, utilising real and quasi-real photon beams in two of the lab's four experimental halls, whose distinct capabilities will enable an extensive set of spectroscopy experiments to be performed at the same facility.


A spin polarized cellular multiple scattering calculation of the Mo2 molecule is used to study the bond length, dissociation energy, energy eigenvalues, and chemical bonding. It is found that all orbitals are doubly occupied and of the bonding type. Then, the found ground state of the molecule is nonmagnetic and very stable. The contributions to the bonding of the d orbitals are discussed in terms of the overlaps for the different states, compared with the overlap of the 5s orbitals. "Bonding" d orbitals are very different in type from bonding s orbitals, then it is not meaningful to speak in terms of multiple bonds when d orbitals are involved, unless the parentage, s, p, or d is explicitly specified.


Abstract : The assessment of Williamsburg Station Dam is based upon visual observations made at the time of inspection, review of available records and data, hydraulic and hydrologic computations and past operational performance. The inspection and review of data at the Williamsburg Station Dam did not reveal any problems which require emergency action. The dam appears to be in fair condition. The Williamsburg Station Dam is a high hazard-intermediate size dam. The Spillway Design Flood for a dam of this size and classification is the PMF. The spillway and reservoir are capable of controlling approximately 18% of the PMF. Based on criteria established by the Corps of Engineers, the spillway is termed inadequate. This dam is a run-of-river type dam with inflow discharging over the spillway. With high discharges the tailwater builds up rapidly causing the weir to become submerged. Downstream flooding normally will result because of runoff in excess of river capacity rather than a result of dam failure. Dam failure at low river flows could result in the loss of more than a few lives in the town of Williamsburg and downstream flooding due primarily to the failure.


Liquid crystals alignment on 2D materials is known due to their intrinsic van der Waals interaction. Here, we provide a proof of concept where alignment of liquid crystals (LC) on 2D materials can be utilized to control incident light. We demonstrate that direction and strength of electric field can tune the alignment of LC adsorbed on 2D surface. Due to degeneracy of alignment LC on hexagonal surface, it prefers to align in three multiple states. It is shown that electric field can reorient the direction of liquid crystal alignment on Zigzag and armchair edges of h-BN. The ab initio calculations confirmed the favorable adsorption configurations of liquid crystal molecule on hexagonal boron nitride surface. This concept provides a pathway towards dynamic high-quality pixels with low power consumption and could define a new avenue in near-eye displays.


O'Sullivan, D. (2015). Combining macula clinical signs and patient characteristics for age-related macular degeneration diagnosis: a machine learning approach. for age-related macular degeneration diagnosis: a machine learning approach. BMC Online is checked for eligibility for copyright before being made available in the live archive. URLs from City Research Online may be freely distributed and linked to from other web pages. Enquiries If you have any enquiries about any aspect of City Research Online, or if you wish to make contact with the author(s) of this paper, please email the team at firstname.lastname@example.com. Abstract Background: To investigate machine learning methods, ranging from simpler interpretable techniques to complex (non-linear) " black-box " approaches, for automated diagnosis of Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD).


Analyzing the connotation of campus culture we can easily find out that the implement of Curricula Reform needs the construction of campus culture,which is an important part of school's fostering function.Campus culture is very useful and helpful to the human-centered management of the school and can also help school to have its characteristics.A good campus culture should be constructed in order to raise the school's competitive ability as well as its teaching level.


the discipline continues its development. If Adaptation Studies has traditionally found its principal home in Anglophone departments of literature and film, this collection counters and questions that Anglophone predominance, giving voice to the international dimension of adaptation in terms of both its early theorists and its transnational artefacts. Adaptations, as works of art, span the globe, reaching across borders and boundaries just as this compendium reaches across nations and disciplinary divides. is work skilfully balances close-focus analysis of key case studies, essential theorists, and specific moments in adaptation history with overarching attempts to synthesize what adaptation is or might be. It brings into conversation historic and contemporary voices. It powerfully situates adaptation theory as a discipline itself in and of adaptation as it shapes and reshapes itself in successive contexts, moments, and movements. is carefully considered, clever collection offers a treasure trove of sources on this most compelling and enduring of art forms, reaching both back to Adaptation Studies' underappreciated past and forward to its as yet uncharted future. e work is valuable, insightful, and important.


This paper reports a highly controllable three-dimensional (3D) sheath flow device for fabrication of artificial capillary vessels. Three step sheath injection type 3D flow device which realizes wide core and sheath structure variations by simply flow rate control was applied to fabricate double-layer coaxial Core-Sheath microfibers applicable for long micro capillary vessels by aligning and cultivating vascular endothelial cells. As a result, about a 3-centimeter-long microfiber which has the vascular endothelial cells fused mutually in the center was successfully formed after three days culture.


To the Editor: Diffuse idiopathic pulmonary neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia (DIPNECH) is a rare primary lung disorder characterised by abnormal proliferations of neuroendocrine cells involving distal airways and associated in some cases with obliterative bronchiolitis. DIPNECH is one of three entities recognized by the World Health Organization (WHO) classification of lung tumors as a preneoplastic lesion due to its association with carcinoid tumours. It is becoming increasingly recognized due to improved imaging and greater awareness of the condition. We describe two cases of DIPNECH, one of which was associated with a peripheral carcinoid tumor. The first patient was a 72 year old female who was found to have a lung lesion during investigation of a dry cough. She was an ex-smoker (20 pack year history) and had no history of prior lung disease or any other relevant past medical history. A positron emission tomography (PET) scan showed a mild to moderate FDG-avid 18 mm left lower lobe lesion suggestive of a primary lung tumor. In addition, multiple other small (<5 mm) lung lesions were seen bilaterally, which were not FDG avid on a PET-computed tomography (CT) scan. Pulmonary function tests (PFTs) were not undertaken. The patient underwent lobectomy and mediastinal lymph node dissection. Macroscopically, there was a round pale tan tumor 19 mm diameter in the posterior basal segment of the left lower lobe. Multiple small grey nodules were just discernible throughout the remaining lung parenchyma measuring 2–3 mm diameter. Histology showed that the large nodule was a typical carcinoid tumor (Fig. 1a). The tumor was composed of polygonal and plump spindle cells organized in a predominantly nested pattern, surrounded by fibrovascular and focally hyalinized stroma. The cells had finely granular nuclear chromatin, inconspicuous nucleoli and moderate amounts of eosinophilic cytoplasm. Only one mitosis per 2 mm was identified and no necrosis was present. There were multiple separate tumorlets with a similar histological appearance to the main tumor mass, but ranging in size from 0.3–3 mm (Fig. 1b). Several small neuroendocrine cell proliferations were seen superficial to the bronchiolar basement membrane (Fig. 1c) with associated small foci of fibrosis. The tumor cells in the main tumor mass, tumorlets and neuroendocrine cell proliferations stained positively for cytokeratin, synaptophysin, chromogranin, CD56 and TTF-1 whilst S100 highlighted sustentacular cells around the tumor nests (Fig. 1d). One of four lymph nodes contained a 0.25 mm diameter focus of metastatic carcinoid tumor. The second case was of a 56 year old female who experienced gradually increasing dyspnoea for many years with decreased exercise tolerance. Chest X-ray and CT showed a miliary pattern of diffuse bilateral pulmonary nodules with no enlargement of lymph nodes (Fig. 2a). There was no radiological evidence of interstitial lung disease or bronchiectasis. She was an ex-smoker (20 pack year smoking history) and had a history of recently diagnosed 'asthma'. Clinical examination was unremarkable. PFTs showed a restrictive pattern with a marked reduction in FEV1 (0.99 L, 44% predicted) and FVC (1.3 L, 49% predicted), giving a FEV1/FVC ratio of 76%. The total lung capacity (TLC) was 3 liters (65% predicted). The diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide was low, 8.8 ml/mm Hg/min (88% predicted). She underwent a right thoracoscopic wedge biopsy of the lung. Macroscopically the cut surface of the specimen showed several small nodules, all measuring less than 5 mm in maximum dimension. Microscopically these nodules were tumorlets composed of nests of bland neuroendocrine cells surrounded by fine fibrovascular stroma that were centered on small airways (Fig. 2b). The cells were uniform, and oval to slightly spindled in shape with finely granular chromatin and moderate amounts of amphophilic cytoplasm. The tumorlets were associated with variable amounts of fibrosis and compression of bronchioles, with one focus showing spread into the bronchiolar wall with protrusion into the lumen. No mitotic figures or necrosis was seen. There were also subepithelial linear and small nodular proliferations of neuroendocrine cells involving small bronchi and bronchioles (Fig. 2c). No adjacent lung pathology was identified. Immunohistochemical stains showed the lesional cells expressed cytokeratin, cytokeratin 7, neuroendocrine markers chromogranin (Fig. 2d) and synaptophysin, CD56 (NCAM) as well as TTF1. S100 was negative. DIPNECH mostly occurs in middle aged or older adults with an average age of diagnosis of 58 years but the reported age range varies from 22 to 79 years. There is a female predilection (F:M 4:1) and most patients are nonsmokers. Clinical presentation is often insidious, with slow onset of dry cough and breathlessness, however, some patients are asymptomatic. While clinical signs are minimal, PFTs tend to show variably severe obstructive or mixed obstructive and restrictive patterns but may be normal in a minority of cases. CT scans may show miliary nodules mimicking multiple metastases, sarcoidosis or miliary tuberculosis, but these are not always discernible radiologically. There may also be a bilateral mosaic pattern of Pathology International 2010; 60: 538–541 doi:10.1111/j.1440-1827.2010.02552.x


Reaction of nitrones and acyl halides gives N-acyloxyiminium species, which are more reactive toward soft carbon nucleophiles than nitrones. Addition of chiral enolates to the N-acyloxyiminium species gave N-hydroxy-β-amino acid derivatives highly diastereoselectively. Reversal of diastereoselectivity was observed between the boron enolates and titanium enolates. Using this method all of the four stereoisomers of α-methyl-β-phenylalanines can be prepared as enantiomerically pure forms.


The long-term results after treatment of primary varicose veins with a combination of compression sclerotherapy (CST) and high tie of the incompetent long saphenous vein were studied. Sixty-three legs in 60 patients were operated on. Subjective (by the patient), objective (by the surgeon) and functional (by foot volumetry) assessments were performed just after treatment, 6 months and 1, 3 and 5 years later. The immediate subjective results were excellent but objectively 21% of the patients still had residual varicosities. After 5 years 50% were subjectively well but only 16% of the legs were objectively cured. Among the foot volumetric parameters the expelled volume (EV; ml) and refilling flow/relative expelled volume ratio (Q/EVrel; min−1) best reflected the functional state. Mean EV increase was 56% after treatment but only 16% after 5 years. Q/EVrel normalized initially but deteriorated after 1 year. No significant improvement in any parameter was observed after 5 years. CST combined with high tie cannot replace surgery in patients with main stem insufficiency. The results emphasize the importance in following these patients for at least 5 years. On the whole, functional evaluation with foot volumetry was valuable to assess groups but could not replace the examination of individual patients.


This paper analyzes the green development level of five key cities in the Tuojiang River Basin, which are Zigong, Luzhou, Deyang, Neijiang and Ziyang. Through relevant literature analysis method and data query method, the green development evaluation system indicators are integrated with the economic-social-natural-resource system. On this basis, we choose a variety of representative indicators for comparison, and sum up the green development indicator system which is suitable for the Tuojiang River Basin. The evaluation model is established by the method of grey correlation analysis, and the model is applied to the analysis of correlation degree. Finally, based on the calculation results, the paper put forward opinions and suggestions for the green development of the Tuojiang River Basin.


Locker Security System based on Face Recognition and GSM (Global System for Mobile) technology, which can be used in Banks, Security Offices and Homes for giving protection to expensive possessions. In this system, only the authorized person can access the valuable things like money, licenses and jewels from locker. Face Recognition is done by using active appearance model algorithm with Bayesian classifier, which is used to identify the persons and verify their identity with the Raspberry Pi processor. RFID (Radio-frequency identification) and GSM technology are combined together for accessing the locker securely. When an authorizedperson tries to access the locker, the system will generate a one-time password and send to the registered mobile number of that person. If the password entered by him is correct, then only he will be allowed to access the locker. If he does any offensive acts on the locker, it will be sensed by the vibration sensor and the sensor will send the control signal to Raspberry pi processor and it will generate alarm sound and the chemical solution is sprayed on him.


Odontocetes use sound for vital biological functions and hearing is considered their primary sensory modality. To understand and predict noise impacts, we need to know natural hearing ability at the population-level. Yet we have no wild population-level hearing data for any cetacean. Here, we measured the audiograms (4-150 kHz) of wild beluga whales from 2012-2016 using auditory evoked potential methods. The goal of this work was to establish the mean audiogram and variance of wild beluga whales to define what this population hears. Audiograms were collected from 26 belugas during capture-release events in Bristol Bay, AK. In general, belugas showed excellent sensitivity (<60 dB) from 45 to 100 kHz and most (76%) heard up to at least 120 kHz. Hearing thresholds at lower frequencies 4-11 kHz tracked the low environmental noise levels (70 dB/Hz), suggesting that quiet habitats may allow substantial hearing sensitivity. Beluga audiograms show substantial (20-40 dB) variation but less than that of bottlenose ...


We present two approaches to the detrending of physiological data derived from brain-injured human patients. This is important in circadian rhythym characterization. The proper identification of a patient's rhythm is known to be important in clinical treatment. One detrending approach is an ad hoc polynomial fitting strategy, while the other is a modification of the so-called cosinor model where subharmonic terms are added. The latter method is based on the fact that many nonlinear dynamic systems when driven with a sinusoidal input produce an output containing subharmonics of the input. The latter method seems to provide consistently superior performance to the polynomial method.


A series of alkyl and aryl esters of 4‐aminosalicyclic acid (PAS) has been examined for protective effect in mice infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv, and the PAS blood levels after oral administration to mice, rats and rabbits studied. On the basis of these results, p‐tolyl‐4‐aminosalicylate (p‐tolyl PAS) was selected for further examination and has been shown to be of low toxicity in experimental animals and to produce moderately high and sustained PAS blood levels in man.


Prior to 1954, Periplaneta brunnea Burmeister had been reported from 5 counties in Texas (Hebard 1943). Except for its occurrence in Robertson County (Fig. 1) it seemed limited in this State to the tropical and subtropical coastal counties. Since Hebard's publication, 2 additional records of this cockroach in Texas are available. In 1954 Mallis reported it from San Antonio, Bexar County, and Dow (1955) reported collecting the species in Pharr, Hidalgo County. In the latter collection, the species was trapped in houses and privies and in 2 cases was associated with the American cockroach, P. americana (L.) (see Dow's communication in Roth and Willis 1960).


The analysis of livelihood strategies and income level of the people of Modi Khola watershed is the main purpose of this study. The study result is based on sampling of 360 households from 12 selected communities of the Modi Khola watershed having 676.8 km2 area and 75,000 populations. The people of Modi Khola area adopt diverse livelihood strategies such as farming including livestock raising, service in government and non-governmental agencies, business, tourism, industrial activities, migration, wage labor, fi shing, forest product collection and others. Livelihood strategies vary by household and localities as a result of spatial variation in terms of availability of assets, people's capabilities for exploiting the assets and environment. Household members adopt one or more activities to meet their household needs. Spatial variation is found in income distribution too. Households adopting diverse strategies have higher income and more secure livelihoods as compared to the households adopting single or lesser number of activities. Key words: Livelihoods, strategies, options, capabilities, combination, sustainable, environment, diversity . The Himalayan Review Vo. XXXVII, 2006 Page: 19-37


Spatial variability in heights of 8-year-old Douglas-fir in a IUFRO provenance–progeny transfer test was analyzed using trend surface analysis to differentiate genetic and environmental effects on tree height. The test installation was located in the University of British Columbia Research Forest, and was a randomized incomplete block design with three replications. Only the 25 provenances that were replicated in each block and had a balanced data set (eight families, five trees per family) were used. Trends were fitted to the average height of each replicate of each provenance, and also to the average size of the largest and smallest families per replicate. Interpretation was based on the assumption that the effects of microsite (mainly grass invasion of one block) were defined by the trend surface, while genetic effects were represented by the residuals from the trend. The data had previously been analyzed by ANOVA methods and these results were contrasted with the results using trend surface analysis. ...


Mufflers are employed in the exhaust pipe to reduce the exhaust noise from automobiles. Perforated plates are often placed inside the muffler to reduce noise and enhance the strength of the muffler. However, the flow passing through the perforated plate would impinge on another inner plate and generate flow-induced noise. This study experimentally researched characteristics of the flow-induced noise generated by air flow passing through perforated plates and impinging on a flat plate. The perforated plate was installed at the end of the pipe through which steady air flow was supplied from a blower. The air flow passing through the perforated plate impinged on the flat plate. The noise level was measured by a sound level meter in an anechoic room. We examined effects of the hole diameter, dimensionless hole spacing, and distance between the perforated plate and the flat plate with constant total hole area and constant flow velocity at the hole. The results show that the flow-induced noise decreased with the increase in the distance between the perforated plate and the flat plate at frequencies higher than 100 Hz but increased at lower than 100 Hz. The flow-induced noise at higher than 100Hz was less dependent on the hole diameter and dimensionless hole spacing.


negative cochlear response was 5.2% in the risk babies and 1.7% in healthy neo nates. Neonates are high risk patients for hearing loss if they show craniofacial anomalies including alcoholembryofe topathy, connatal infections


Hydropower generation on steep mountainous streams where storage is impractical can usually be made economical if: the flow duration curve shows sufficient energy available in the high flows to merit extending use to the low end of the exceedance curve - 10 percent or less; the powermax slope and static regain concept are utilized to size and position the long conveyance pipeline; multiple turbines are installed in binary sequence to extend flow range over entire flow duration curve to the 10 percent or less exceedance level. Example applications are discussed.


A steered machine such as an asphalt paver has a hydrostatic system that drives a plurality of driven wheels 260, 265 independently. In a calibrating or teaching method a steering angle signal, indicative of the angle of the steered wheels 270, 275 and wheel speed signals indicative of the rotational speed of the driven wheels are produced by the operator driving and steering the machine and a programmable curve that represents the resulting driven wheel speeds as a function of the angle of the steered wheel is generated and stored in a software map. This is subsequently used to determine the driven wheel speeds based on the angle of the steered wheels.


A method is described which determines the optimum size, number, and locations of reservoirs in a river basin using a variety of optimization techniques and evaluating promising designs on the basis of greatest economic net benefit. There are three levels of decision: choosing number and locations of reservoirs; choosing reservoir size and operating criteria; and optimizing operation. Each level is optimized in turn, the optimization processes for lower levels being nested within higher ones. Techniques are chosen for their efficiency in each part of the design. Linear programming optimizes operations; dynamic programming optimizes total benefits; and optimum seeking methods optimize design decision variables.


In this note, we examine the behaviour of Shannon's entropy density for some examples in quantum mechanics. We start with a quasiparticle probability P(x and p) = W(x) fp exp(ipx) (where W(x) is the wavefunction given by Sum over p fp exp(ipx)) and obtain a Shannon's entropy (after summing on p) : Total entropy density = -P(x) ln(P(x)) - P(p) ln(P(p)) - W(x) x d/dx W(x) ((1)) It may be noted that if f(p)=f(-p) ((1)) may also be written as: Total entropy density = -P(x) ln(P(x)) - P(p) ln(P(p)) - fp p d/dp fp We consider the cases of a particle in a box with an infinite potential at the walls and the harmonic oscillator ground state. Finally we consider the influence of u(x)= [d/dx W(x)]/W(x) on the spatial change of Shannon's spatial entropy as W(x) and u(x) are often periodic and this leads to a periodic entropy density. In general, entropy is obtained by integrating the entropy density and one may question whether one should examine the density at all. In (1), however, entropy density is considered and it seems that there are some interesting properties of Shannon's entropy density in quantum systems. Furthermore, there has been some recent work in the literature which makes use of entropy density to create an extra potential term for the Schrodinger equation in cases of temperature.


A description is given of two test generation methods for sequential logic circuits. One method, called the 9ED method, is based on a path sensitization technique and is effective for asynchronous sequential circuits. The other methods, called the 4SP method, is also based on the path sensitization technique and is effective for sequential circuits with a design-for-testability (DFT) structure. The capabilities of these methods are examined with regard to the benchmark circuits prepared for ISCAS'89. The experimental results verified the effectiveness of the 4SP method for these circuits.<<ETX>>


Food production is the basis for ensuring human survival. Ecological compensation for arable land is important to ensure the sustainable use of arable land and food production. However, how is it possible to set the standard of ecological compensation and how to achieve it scientifically? In this paper, we take China as the study area and link the ecological compensation of arable land with the production, circulation and consumption of three staple foods. The amount of food is converted into the area of arable land needed to produce that food. After calculating the value of ecosystem services that support food production on arable land, the ecological compensation standard is obtained, and the realization mode between regions is constructed. The results show that: (1) the flow of staple foods in China is mainly from north to south and the value of arable land support services provided by northern provinces is greater than that of southern provinces; (2) the province that needs to pay the most ecological compensation for cultivated land is Guangdong Province, with an amount of ¥16.082 billion RMB, and the province that receives the most compensation is Heilongjiang Province, with an amount of ¥21.547 billion RMB; (3) in order to coordinate the collection and distribution of ecological compensation in each province, it is necessary to establish an ecological compensation fund for arable land in the central government. Protecting the ecological status of arable land and ensuring sustainable food production is in the overall interest of the country.


The present study aimes to ascertain the quality of life and health, as well as the incidence of muscle pain in the garbage men of Ponta Grossa, state of Parana. This research was conducted using two valid instruments for data collection: the diagram's Corlett and Manenica and the questionnaire for assessing quality of life and health. The subjects who responded to the survey had an average age between twenty to forty years, and an the whole of a shift conducted the survey, finishing in forty employees with active participation and no abstention. The occupational risks present in the lives of those workers, because of the way they work, are massive. Given the many factors that can compromise the health of themselves, as direct contact with waste collected from domiciles, concerns about traffic, exhaustion, fatigue, solar radiation, exposure to climate change, noises, slopes and ground uphill, among other compromising factors. Is evident that the risk of injury, the type of work performed, are very big. Mostly due to run at a fast rhythm, causing greater stress on joints and spine. This way, check how it presents evidence of pain in some body segment of the garbage men, as well as their quality of life and health is what motivated this research to analyze the overview of the situation.


This paper employs a multivariate time series approach to study long-horizon predictability of equity and currency market returns in the US, Great Britain, Japan and Germany. Following Bekaert and Hodrick (1992) we examine the predictability of returns by estimating VARs for pairs of countries. To highlight the dynamic structure in returns and to isolate important information variables that capture long-run predictability we use parsimonious versions of VARs and generalize the canonical analysis of Box & Tiao (1977). For forecast horizons between 1 month and 5 years we find that currency returns are more predictable than equity market returns and tend to reach peak forecastability at shorter horizons than country stock markets. US stock returns are primarily predicted by past US dividend yields and forward premia. Foreign stock markets are mostly related to past U.S. stock returns. The US dividend yield plays a central role in all the three systems. Thus the US stock market seems to influence other markets, but is not influenced by other stock markets.


A half century ago, Townsend (1964) proposed an experiment that uses the maximum density of water at 4 °C in order to provide a laboratory analog of internal wave generation in atmospheric and stellar conditions. In these systems a stably stratified region lies on top of a convective layer, with a sharp deformable interface separating the two regimes. This paper beautifully realizes Townsend's 4 °C experiment by employing a container made from vacuum glass that inhibits temperature diffusion across the side walls. The Rayleigh number is high enough (Ra=5×10−5×10) for the convective-layer flow to be turbulent. Internal waves are excited in the upper stably stratified layer by turbulent convection in the lower. This is a fundamental study that broadly examines internal wave generation by turbulent convection. Precise measurement of the temperature and the global velocity fields by PIV, both within and above the convective region, identifies two types of waves, one with low frequency close to the typical convective frequency and long horizontal wavelength, and the other type with high frequency close to, but below, the buoyancy frequency and shorter horizontal wavelength. The long low frequency waves concentrate close to the interface and are rapidly damped as they propagate away from it. The short high frequency waves are less rapidly damped. Measurement of temperature and the velocity field over a broad region enables the authors to estimate the rate of extraction of convective energy by radiation of these internal waves into the stably stratified region; most of the energy is carried by the waves with long horizontal wavelength and low frequency. Though this experiment was proposed a long time ago, this impressive modern realization is original in set-up, measurement and analysis. Notably, the energetics of the convective and wave regions are convincingly clarified by precise measurement of global fields. For these reasons, the FDR Editorial Committee has selected this article for the 9th FDR Prize.


Simple Summary Adaptation to anhydrobiotic conditions of Polypedilum vanderplanki at the larval stage is accompanied by specific genome features and related regulatory mechanisms. The unusual diversity of paralogous genes located in gene clusters with a strong dehydration specific response is thought to underlie the desiccation tolerance of the insect. One of the most representative clusters consists of the gene coding protein, L-isoaspartate O-methyltransferases (PIMT), but it remains poorly characterized. In our work, by applying the transcriptomic RNA-seq approach on desiccated-rehydrated larvae, we showed that these genes have significant dissimilarities in their transcriptional activity within the group, but also in comparison with the expression profiles of other defined types of S-adenosylmethionine dependent methyltransferases active in the larvae. We also showed the standard methylation activity of two PIMTs, while the rest of the 12 tested proteins lacked an enzymatic function in normal physiological conditions. These results, together with in silico modelling, determine the heterogeneity of the group in terms of its role in the adaptation to anhydrobiosis. Abstract Multiple co-localized paralogs of genes in Polypedilum vanderplanki's genome have strong transcriptional response to dehydration and considered to be a part of adaptation machinery at the larvae stage. One group of such genes represented by L-isoaspartate O-methyltransferases (PIMT). In order to highlight specific role of PIMT paralogization in desiccation tolerance of the larvae we annotated and compared S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) dependent methyltransferases of four insect species. From another side we applied co-expression analysis in desiccation/rehydration time course and showed that PIMT coding genes could be separated into five clusters by expression profile. We found that among Polypedilum vanderplanki's PIMTs only PIMT1 and PIMT2 have enzymatic activity in normal physiological conditions. From in silico analysis of the protein structures we found two highly variable regions outside of the active center, but also amino acid substitutions which may affect SAM stabilization. Overall, in this study we demonstrated features of Polypedilum vanderplanki's PIMT coding paralogs related to different roles in desiccation tolerance of the larvae. Our results also suggest a role of different SAM-methyltransferases in the adaptation, including GSMT, JHAMT, and candidates from other classes, which could be considered in future studies.


We consider a dispersive equation of Schrodinger type with a non-linearity slightly larger than cubic by a logarithmic factor. This equation is supposed to be an effective model for stable two dimensional quantum droplets with LHY correction. Mathematically, it is seen to be mass supercritical and energy subcritical with a sign-indefinite nonlinearity. For the corresponding initial value problem, we prove global in-time existence of strong solutions in the energy space. Furthermore, we prove the existence and uniqueness (up to symmetries) of nonlinear ground states and the orbital stability of the set of energy minimizers. We also show that for the corresponding model in 1D a stronger stability result is available.


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Low back pain in spondylosis lumbalis condition caused by a decrease in disc space and the narrowing of the intervertebral foramen. And a decrease in disc space narrowing of the intervertebral foramen can produce irritation of the nerve roots causing back pain is spreading. The purpose of this study was to determine how much to increase the effectiveness of pain reduction on a combination of lumbar corset giving MWD, TENS and US. Experimental studies have been done with the design of randomized pre test and post test group design. Sample size of 28 is divided into two groups of 14 persons each. Group I with a combination of MWD, TENS, and the U.S., whereas group II  treatment with MWD, TENS, U.S. and lumbar corset. The data was collected by measuring the intensity of pain using the VAS, at the time before and after treatment, then performed with different test t test (paired t test and independent t test). The results showed significant effect of each treatment to decrease pain intensity p = 0.000 (p <0.05). But the average level of pain after treatment II treatment seems more effective to reduce pain. The use of lumbar corset in patients with spondylosis lumbalis will serve to control the pain as it can restrict movement or lumbar support. So it is advisable to add a lumbar corset on a combination of giving MWD, TENS and U.S. to reduce pain in patients with spondylosis lumbalis.


The object of the present paper is to introduce the theory of civil liability for the loss of chance (perte d'une chance) from a concrete case judged by the Supreme Court of Justice – the 'Million dollar show' case. Its aim is to analyze the doctrine, jurisprudence, and the norms in force to see if they are able to fully repair the damages suffered by the victim.


Infertility is a common gynecological disease and tubal blockage caused by chronic salinities is more common.In clinic,it is believed Qi stagnation and blood stasis is the cause.Professor LIU Yu-xin made Tongluo Huoxue Decoction to clear heat and detoxify,acivate blood circulation to resolve stasis,which has obvious effect.


The aim of the research wasto examine the effect of application rock phosphate, urea, MOP, and dolomite on leaf P content of produce palm oil and see the dynamics of leaf P content of produce palm oil after 6 months of fertilizer application in Ultisol. The research was implemented inPPKS Kebun Aek Pancur Tanjung Morawa using non factorial randomized block design with treatment T0 (without fertilizer), T1 (rock phosphate), T2 (rock phosphate and urea), T3 (rock phosphate and MOP), T4 (rock phosphate and Dolphite), T5 (rock phosphate, urea, and MOP), T6 (rock phosphate, urea, and dolomite), T7 (rock phosphate, MOP, and dolomite), T8 (rock phosphate, urea, MOP, and dolomite), with 3 replications. Parameters measured are P leaf. Result of this research showed that application of rock phosphate, urea, MOP, and dolomite did not affect leaf P content for 6 months after application. Keywords :palm oil,P leaf,rock phosphate, Ultisol


Background Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) with insidious characteristic manifests no symptoms in its early onset but most patients have advanced and distant cancer metastasis at diagnosis. Innovative early diagnosis and effective treatment of EOC are urgently needed. Methods In the study, we developed a novel agent of IL-21-secreting human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) combined with miR-200c to evaluate its effects on SKOV3 EOC in vitro and in vivo. Results hUCMSCs-LV-IL-21 combined with miR-200c significantly inhibited the SKOV3 cell mobility and tumorigenesis compared with hUCMSCs-LV-IL-21, hUCMSCs-LV-vector, and hUCMSCs, respectively. These were reflected in decreasing the tumor sizes and elongating the tumor bearing nude mouse survival, accompanied with increasing the serum cytokine levels of IFN-γ, IL-21 and TNF-α as well as the splenocyte cytotoxicity. In addition, the expression of β-catenin, cyclin-D1, Gli1, Gli2, and ZEB1 was decreased but the E-cadherin expression was increased in tumor tissues of mice treated with hUCMSCs-LV-IL-21 plus miR-200c. Conclusion We demonstrated that the synergistic effect of fighting SKOV3 EOC is attributable to repression of Wnt/β-catenin signaling and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in SKOV3 EOC. The findings may provide a new strategy for therapy of EOC.


Abstract : This report is concerned with energy absorption processes in ceramic materials exposed to highly dynamic strains capable of causing fracture. Optical and electron fractographic analyses, and direct transmission electron microscopy, were employed in characterizing fracture in ballistically damaged sapphire single crystals and alumina ceramics. Impact fractures were compared with slow break fractures in bars cut from large polycrystalline fragments. Using electron microscopic and dynamic differential calorimetry techniques, explosively shocked alumina particulate also have been examined for evidences of residual strain and annealable excess energy. The findings produced many mutually supporting evidences of local plastic deformation and energy absorption associated with fracture processes in aluminum oxide ceramics and sapphire single crystals. Microscopic evidences from replication fracography, and particularly from direct transmission electron microscopy, strongly support the concept of localized plastic deformation processes associated with fracture. Exothermic energy releases observed during heating of explosively shocked materials over the range 800 - 1200C were estimated at least 14.6 cal/g.


Thermal methods sap flow gauge is one of the instruments to measure of plant transpiration water.This paper introduces the development course of thermal methods sap flow gauge and the basic working principle.From the four aspects,including the change law of stem sap flow,the factors affecting transpiration rate,the affecting factors of thermal methods sap flow gauge and its temporal and spatial variation and the advantages and problems of sap flow gauge,the application of thermal methods sap flow gauge in the measurement of plant transpiration water are introduced.With the development of heat technology in the direction of precision,universal and systematic,Thermal Dissipation Method has very good development prospects with the characteristics of continuous determination,simple operation and convenient data-download.


This article seeks to provide a general review of the publishing activities of some major libraries across the world. At a time when the publishing industry is experiencing profound challenges to its established business models and traditional routes to market through bookshops are under threat from online retailers such as Amazon, it is timely to see how libraries are faring during this period and whether these developments are changing libraries' publishing outputs. The publishing activities are considered in relation to the format of the titles available, how the titles are sold, the range of subjects covered in the programme and whether there are digital versions available. The numerous digital catalogues, learning materials and other online resources are considered out of scope for the purpose of this article and the focus is therefore on what we might consider 'traditional' publishing outputs. The article considers the publishing programmes of the British Library, the Bibliothèque Nationale de France, the Bodleian Library, the Biblioteca Nacional do Brasil, the State Library of Victoria and the National Library of Australia.


not claim to know where the line is between sociology and metaphysics. However, the sort of claims regarding the self that we find in Chapters 9 and 10 are not the sort of claims that can be challenged by conflicting empirical findings. At times, Brittan even appears to reify the self into a substantial sort of entity which determines meaning, is engaged with the Other, is fragmented, alienated, shapes values and behaviour, and so on. The self thus becomes a man within a man. Rather than talk about the self and the self-world relation entailing Cartesian dualism, the distinction between self and world, ideas and things, already presupposes some form of dualism. In other words, the adoption of dualistic categories sets the stage for the sort of dichotomies that Brittan supposedly discovers in empirical and phenomenological inquiry. Rather than the 'evidence' supporting dualism (as Brittan supposes), the explanatory chain is just the reverse: the initial adoption of dualism determines to a large extent what will and will not be considered relevant to a sociological understanding of man. The debate between Brittan and the humanistic sociologists on the one hand, and the behaviourists on the other, therefore revolves around their respective adoption and rejection of dualistic categories. And whether one adopts a dualistic scheme seems less determined by the available observational literature than by personal convictions. For these reasons, Brittan's reflections on the self-world relation and his Cartesianism might best come under a chapter entitled, 'My Philosophical Biases'. In any case, discussions of the merits of dualism as against reductionism belong to a quite different conceptual level than questions more properly belonging to an empirical sociology. Overall, what Brittan has to say regarding the self and the entire issue of social determinism in the latter part of this book is interesting and provocative, even when it is highly speculative and controversial. Unfortunately, after wrestling with the problem of determinism Brittan suddenly changes gears and moves into the issues of role-differentiation and the fragmentation of consciousness. Supposedly the latter two issues shed light on the former, though the transition and connection is not at all made clear. Brittan's presentation of the empirical and phenomenological literature concerning social interaction is clearly written and can easily be read by undergraduate sociology majors. As a guide to the basic issues surrounding the concept of interaction it is first-rate. However, as suggested above, the most controversial portions of this book occur when Brittan enters into the labyrinth of speculation concerning the freedom-determinism issue and the self-world relation. To be perfectly honest, it is becoming less and less clear to me what the freedom-determinism issue is and whether this issue is either empirically or even cognitively significant. Brittan's Meanings and Situations has only reinforced this conviction.


A 4-month-old female was brought by her mother to the Children's Evaluation Center at our institution in midDecember with complaints of a 10-day history of diarrhea. The infant had developed a fever of 39.4°C 1 week before her presentation and had been diagnosed with otitis media by her primary care physician who prescribed amoxicillin. She had initially improved, but then developed an increasing number of loose stools. Over the past 3 days, her mother noted blood in the stool, and the amount of blood had increased on the day of presentation. In addition, the infant had decreased appetite and worsening lethargy. There was no history of cough, rhinorrhea, or vomiting. Her medical history revealed that the infant had been the product of a full-term birth with no complications during pregnancy or at delivery and had had no previous hospitalizations. All vaccinations were current. The infant had 1 older female sibling who was healthy. The mother denied any recent travel, animal contact, or consumption of unpasteurized dairy products. The infant attended a home daycare, but no other children at the daycare were ill. Physical examination revealed an alert but ill-appearing infant with a temperature of 36.9°C, heart rate of 161 beats/ min, respiratory rate of 36 breaths/min, and blood pressure of 107/71 mm Hg. Her anterior fontanel was open, soft, and flat. She had moist mucous membranes and clear tympanic membranes. She was mildly tachycardic with a regular rhythm, and abdominal auscultation revealed slightly hyperactive bowel sounds. The abdomen was nontender to palpation, and no hepatosplenomegaly was noted. The skin had normal turgor. Laboratory studies revealed a white blood cell (WBC) count of 37,800/ L with a differential of 37% segmented neutrophils, 27% lymphocytes, 23% bands, 9% monocytes, 3% eosinophils, and 1% basophils. Hemoglobin was 13.1 g/dL, and the platelet count was 764,000/mm. Review of her peripheral blood smear showed no morphologic abnormality. A chemistry panel and liver function tests were normal with the exception of a sodium level of 130 mg/dL. C-reactive protein was 19.8 mg/dL. Urinalysis showed a protein of 30 mg/dL with 3–5 WBCs and moderate bacteria per high power microscopic field. Rapid assays for influenza virus and respiratory syncytial virus were negative. A lumbar puncture revealed clear and colorless cerebrospinal fluid with 1 WBC/ L, 10 red blood cells/ L, protein of 12 mg/dL, glucose of 64 mg/dL, and a negative Gram stain. An abdominal radiograph was normal. Stool examination for ova and parasites, bacterial culture, and Clostridium difficile toxins determination were all negative. The patient was admitted to the hospital and started on empiric ceftriaxone therapy as well as maintenance intravenous fluids. On the day after admission, blood cultures yielded the diagnosis. For denouement see p. 664. From the Department of Pathology, University of South Alabama, 2451 Fillingim Street, Mobile, AL 36617. Accepted for publication April 3, 2007. Copyright © 2007 by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins ISSN: 0891-3668/07/2607-0660 DOI: 10.1097/INF.0b013e318067b4e5


Samples of quinonoid‐l‐erythrodihydrobiopterin (q‐BH2) and quinonoid‐6‐methyl‐dihydro‐pterin (q‐6‐MPH2) were prepared by oxidation of l‐erythro‐5,6,7,8‐tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) and 5,6,7,8‐tetrahydro‐6‐methylpterin (6‐MPH4) and separated from D‐erythro‐7,8‐dihydrobiopterin (7,8‐BH2) and 6‐methyl‐7,8‐dihydropterin (7,8‐6‐MPH2) as well as from the tetrahydropterins on phosphocellulose column by high‐pressure liquid chromatography. The quinonoid dihydropterins were identified and quantitated by scan of their ultraviolet absorption and fluorescence emission spectra through their rearrangement to their 7,8‐tautomer and also by gas chromatography of their rapidly synthesized trimethylsilyl derivative. Identification was also achieved by the enzymatic reduction of [3H]q‐BH2to [3H]BH4 by dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR). Direct proof for the enzymatic synthesis of the q‐BH2 from GTP or from 2‐amino‐6‐(5′‐triphosphoribosyl)‐amino‐5‐ or ‐6‐formamido‐6‐hydroxypyrimi‐dine (FPyd‐P3) was obtained by isolation of the compound which was identical in all respects to the q‐BH2 obtained by chemical synthesis from BH4. The reduction of enzymatically synthesized q‐BH2 by dihydropteridine reductase (DHPR) to BH4 was not inhibited by methotrexate (MTX). When the enzymatically synthesized q‐BH2 was converted to 7,8‐BH2, it was reduced only by DHFR. This reduction, however, was inhibited by MTX. On the biosynthetic pathway from GTP to dihydrobiopterin, the enzyme responsible for the appearance of the quinonoid structure is the d‐erythro‐dihydroneopterin triphosphate synthetase, the product of which (quinonoid d‐erythro‐dihydroneopterin triphosphate) is converted to quinonoid dihydrobiopterin by l‐erythro‐dihydrobiopterin synthetase. Experiments in vivo established that DHFR does not participate in the reduction of dihydrobiopterin to tetra‐hydrobiopterin when the former is synthesized from GTP de novo. MTX at 5 × 10−6M exerted no inhibition on the reduction of the biosynthetic dihydrobiopterin to tetrahydrobiopterin in vivo, yet completely inhibited the reduction of intraventricularly injected tritiated dihydrofolate ([3H]FH2) to tritiated tetrahydrofolate ([3H]FH4).


Evaluation of the patient's karyotype is the basis for proper genetic counseling, and thus also for a treatment or prevention to be taken. At present, cytogenetic laboratories have at their disposal a large number of diagnostic methods, including molecular karyotype analysis based on CGH procedures. The CGH methods allow to detect much smaller changes than conventional cytogenetic techniques such as a GTG method. Unfortunately, lack of direct analysis of patient's chromosomes may lead to a distortion in interpreting the result. The following paper presents two cases illustrating the most common problems in interpreting the results of molecular karyotyping using the CGH procedure. Omówienie problemu właściwej interpretacji wyników kariotypu... __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________


In this paper we derive some Jensen and Edmundson-Lah-Ribaric type inequalities for positive linear functionals and 3-convex functions. Obtained results are then applied to generalized means and power means, as well as to the generalized f-divergence functional. Examples with Zipf-Mandelbrot law are given.


INDAH MUSI INDRIA DEWI. The Develop Fuzzy Inference System, written in MATLAB 7.1 for running on personal computers, to assist petroleum engineers in screening candidate processes for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) has been developed. Rather than having to glean information and data from graphs or table in technical papers, the user and the system work interactively to obtain the needed information. The system automatically selects the optimal EOR method based on the input oil and reservoir properties data and is easily updated as new data of reservoirs become available. The Mamdani fuzzy interference system has been implemented in the system and has been tested through evaluation of five oil fields consist of forty three reservoirs. Both accuracy and efficiency have been confirmed favorably. High accuracy of the system was observed through comparison between the proposed EOR method for various set data by a human expert and the developed system.


AbstractIn view of trust region algorithm has good global convergence for solving non-linear quadratic programming problem, the effective elastic module's damage factor and the damage distributed function was introduced by FEM updating. FEM of bridge structure was modeled by calling the APDL language of ANSYS software's subprogram in Matlab software's environment, the parameters of some finite elements (element groups) were adjusted by using trust region algorithm, damage distributed curve of continuous region's finite elements (element groups) was fitted by continuous damage distributed interpolation polynomial, and identification of continuous girder bridge's damage region and damage extent was realized. By a numerical example, it is suggested that the method can correctly and effectively estimate whether bridge structure occurs damage, damage region and damage extent, the precision and the accuracy can be improved by secondary dividing finite elements (element groups).


The A. P. Pettarani elevated toll road is a project construction which is takes a long time and complex that can be create uncertainties that will eventually present a wide range of risks. The impact of these risks can affect productivity, performance, quality, and project cost budgets. The success of the construction project depends lagerly on the ability of the project manager to manage  the  risks  involved.  Risk management includes the steps  involved  in  executing  risk  management planning,  identification,  responses,  reaction,  and monitoring  of  a project.  Therefore, research was conducted to identify, analyze, and to knowing dominant risks responses, using the primary data collection method of questionnaire using the likert scale, probability x impact matrix, risk map, and interview, which is in this research have eleven dominant risk variables found in the project.


The field experiment entitled "Interaction effect of varying level of nitrogen and sulphur fertilizers on growth and yield of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.) under Northern hill zone of Chhattisgarh." was conducted during the rabi season of 2019-20 at Research farm of Ambikapur (CG). The field experiment was conducted in factorial randomized completely block design constituted of sixteen treatment combinations consisting four levels of nitrogen fertilizer (30, 60, 90 and 120 kg ha-1) and four levels of sulphur fertilizer (0, 20, 30 and 40 kg ha-1) and replicated trice. The result shows that growth and yield attributes, seed yield, oil yield and biological yield were influenced significantly by impose of different levels of nitrogen and sulphur fertilizers simultaneously. Significantly the maximum values of above mentioned parameters were recorded with 120 kg N+ 40Kg S ha-1. However 120 kg N+ 30Kg S ha-1 recorded highest net return (63384.27 ₹ ha-1) with the B: C ratio of 1.51. with the view of results obtained, it can be advocated to the farmers of northern hill zone of Chhattisgarh for optimizing the yield, quality and economics of Indian mustard, it should be applied with 90 kg N ha and 30 kg S ha-1 simultaneously.


Offering the course Building Information Modeling for architectural undergraduates is both necessary and urgent based on the rapid development of Building Information Modelling (BIM) as well as the building requirement of new engineering. On the basis of the ADDIE model design vision, this paper narrates the development process, building thought, implementation process, building outcome of the new course and direction that needs to be further improved. In accordance with the requirement of ability of employment with a focus on course goals, this paper designs the teaching content and teaching process, builds the course materials based on the Outcome Based Education (OBE) vision and Conceive, Design, Implement, Operation (CDIO) model so as to form muti-dimensional tracking assessment system. The two-term teaching practical effect proves that the development thought based on Building Information Modelling is correct and the implementation plan is feasible, which can provide certain references for new courses of Building Information Modelling.


It is informally understood that the purpose of modal type constructors in programming calculi is to control the flow of information between types. In order to lend rigorous support to this idea, we study the category of classified sets, a variant of a denotational semantics for information flow proposed by Abadi et al. We use classified sets to prove multiple noninterference theorems for modalities of a monadic and comonadic flavour. The common machinery behind our theorems stems from the the fact that classified sets are a (weak) model of Lawvere's theory of axiomatic cohesion. In the process, we show how cohesion can be used for reasoning about multi-modal settings. This leads to the conclusion that cohesion is a particularly useful setting for the study of both information flow, but also modalities in type theory and programming languages at large. Our demonstrate the general and abstract framework of pre-cohesion in fact has very concrete applications in analysing information flow. Our noninterference proofs rely on very general lemmas about pre-cohesionÐin the case of ğ6, with some additional, slightly mysterious equationsÐwhich are then applied to each calculus by using some usually very simple form of adequacy. We believe these to be a simplification compared to previous work on noninterference, which quite a of hard work in abstract/fully


The goal of this study was to develop and test a new methodology for automatic control of cadence in lower-limb FES cycling. The method is based upon estimation of dynamic models of the response from muscle stimulation intensity to cycling speed. The identified models are used for analytical design of feedback controllers. The experimental results demonstrate the feasibility of the approach for automatic tracking of arbitrary speed profiles, and for disturbance rejection (e.g. load changes or fatigue). The ability to achieve accurate control of cycling speed is important within studies investigating the therapeutic and medical implications of FES cycling, for monitoring the training effects of FES cycling exercise, and for use in studies which aim to optimise stimulation patterns.


We theoretically analyze the noise transformation of a high-power continuous-wave light field that is reflected off a critical Kerr nonlinear cavity (KNLC). Our investigations are based on a rigorous treatment in the time domain. Thereby, realistic conditions of a specific experimental environment including optical intracavity loss and strong classical driving noise can be modeled for any KNLC. We show that, even in the presence of optical loss and driving noise, considerable squeezing levels can be achieved. We find that the achievable squeezing levels are not limited by the driving noise but solely by the amount of optical loss. Amplitude-quadrature squeezing of the reflected mean field is obtained if the KNLC's operating point is chosen properly. Consistently, a KNLC can provide a passive purely optical reduction of laser-power noise as experimentally demonstrated in Khalaidovski et al.[Phys. Rev. A 80, 053801 (2009)]. We apply our model to this experiment and find good agreement with measured noise spectra.


The problems of development of microwave techniques for the gas-and-oil production industry are considered. The physical substance of realized microwave technological processes is briefly argued. The classification of microwave techniques being used in gas-and-oil producing industry is described, basic requirements are given, and the economic and ecological aspects of their application are noted.


A branched-alkyl monoamide which extracts An(VI) exclusively by the steric effect and tridentate diglycolamide; TODGA, which recovers all actinides and Sr(II) from highly acidic waste solutions, were developed. Then, a new chemical process, ARTIST process, is proposed for the treatment of nuclear spent fuel consolidating plutonium management and the partitioning concept.


The Molecules in Medical Sciences is a course that is offered, to the first year Medical Students at the Department of Biochemistry, Cambridge University, UK, which focuses on diseases, which will be familiar by name and of high relevance, -like diabetes and cancer. Harvard Medical School on the other hand, says," preparation of medical school in the 21st century, should reflect contemporary developments in medical knowledge, the pace of discovery, and the permeation of biochemistry, cell biology, and genetics into most areas of medicine". Oxford Royale Academy looks at biomedicine the following way, "Biochemistry, as the name suggests, is where Biology meets Chemistry: it is the study of the living things, at a molecular levelor, to put it another way, the study of the very foundations of life. At the Stanford University, the department of Biochemistry, founded by Arthur Kornberg, the Nobel Laureate, who received this award for his work on, "the mechanisms in the biological synthesis of deoxyribonucleic acid", focused for several decades, on DNA and RNA biochemistry. The current approach is enormously diverse, with nearly everyone using interdisciplinary approaches of biochemistry, genetics, biophysics, structural biology, high resolution light microscopy, and other innovative methodologies. In addition to the training in human anatomy and physiology, present day medical students, also receive instruction in biochemistry, cell biology, embryology, nutrition, pathology, immunology, microbiology, molecular biology, neurobiology, nutrition, pathology, pharmacology, and virology. These foundational or basic sciences enable the future physician to understand, what constitutes the homeostasis of the healthy individual, the mechanisms by which that homeostasis is disrupted by disease, and how particular disease states may best be treated. New discoveries and advances, in these foundational sciences are so rapid, Harvard Medical School revises its curriculum fairly often. In a good well-rounded medical education, foundational sciences and clinical sciences are interdependent. Modern day biochemistry in the broadest sense, should provide needed insight into the underlying mechanisms of both structure and regulation, that occur at the molecular, cellular, tissue, organ, and whole system level. In this overview, we will try and attempt, to use this broadest definition, to describe the origin, progression, risk development, and precipitation of acute events leading to death. We will also discuss expectations and limitations, as we try to sketch chain of events, in the development of metabolic risks, progression of metabolic diseases, and the precipitation of ultimate acute event. Biomedical Journal of Scientific & Technical Research Volume 9Issue 2: 2018 Cite this article: Gundu HR Rao. Biomedical Education and Research: Expectations and Limitations. Biomed J Sci&Tech Res 9(2)-2018. BJSTR. MS.ID.001787. DOI: 10.26717/ BJSTR.2018.09.001787. 7077 The Chairman, Sir Charles Stuart-Harris, in his opening remarks said, that it was almost an invariable experience, when visiting medical schools, to hear complaints from the students, about the biochemistry teaching, that the subject was difficult, and that it had little relevance to the practice of medicine. Of course, the distinguished committee who met to discuss this important topic, were not able to provide all the answers, for this question, how to make biochemistry more attractive to the medical students? In view of this concern, the committee recommended that biochemistry be taught in an interesting and relevant way, so that students have a framework on which, their future knowledge can be structured [2]. I mentioned earlier that at the Stanford University, Biochemistry department founded by Dr. Kornberg, major focus for decades was on DNA and RNA. Following the foot-steps of an accomplished innovator, was true at many other educational institutions. In a recent issue of NEJM, Francis Collins, the director of National Institutes of Health, USA, writes, that potential to alter human genes directly was first recognized nearly fifty years ago, at the same time advances in recombinant DNA technology were being made in the laboratories [3-5]. The story is the same in stem cell applications, as well as Regenerative medicine. Doris Taylor at the University of Minnesota developed "ghost hearts" from decellularized heart cell matrix using stem cells derived from humans and proclaimed that bioartificial heart was weeks away [4]. Translation of laboratory research to commercialization takes considerable time and in view of this fact, there exists a disconnect between the innovators, researchers, teachers, and clinicians. To bridge such knowledge gaps, half a century ago, at the University of Minnesota, the department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology hired, dozens of basic science scientists, and offered courses in pathobiology, molecular biology, and mechanism of diseases. Some of these courses were abandoned for lack of sufficient response, from the medical students. How do we create interest in multidisciplinary studies? This will be a topic of my next overview. The extraordinary discoveries of the 20-th century medicine and technology, have created new challenges to biomedical education [6-11]. There is a great overall expectation, that the practice of medicine will change and introduce, precision medicine or personalized medicine. There is a recent emerging trend, with broader emphasis on using vast amounts of data, to serve "precision" ends, incorporating genomics as one of the many other associated fields of relevant technologies and innovations. In May of this year (2018), National Institutes of Health (NIH) USA, began enrollment of a vast medical research cohort. Named "All of US," it is meant to include 1 million U.S volunteers, who will be studied over 10 years at a cost of 1.45 billion. According an article in N. Engl. J. Med (2018. DOI:10.1056/NEJMp1806634), the project promises to "lay the scientific foundation for a new era of personalized, highly effective health care," a counterpart to previous "one size fits all" medicine." Having said that, the educators in majority of Institutions worldwide, are not ready to accept these changes and challenges. Of course, incorporations of all the revolutionary innovations, will change the way the healthcare is delivered, but it requires the education of a new generation of translational, clinical scientists, physician scientists, and researchers as well as incorporation of these emerging technologies, in the biomedical education and research [6-12]. Now that I have briefly explained, what is happening with biomedical education and research, let me bring to the notice of the readers, what Harvard Medical School (MHS) is doing to accommodate these revolutionary changes. Beginning with the introduction in 2006 of a curriculum called, "New Integrated Curriculum" which emphasizes learning to learn, rather than rote memorization, and represents one of the most complete curricular reforms at a US Medical School. Students also are encouraged to complete a scholarly research project, after their clerkship-year. Dr. Robert Alpern, the dean of Yale Medical School said, "Harvard's curriculum change, is similar to a revision at Yale, and moving away from individual discipline-based courses to more integrated teaching, is where we need to go. Many schools are moving in similar direction". Now that I have reviewed briefly, the changes that are happening in the medical education, at least in the industrialized nations, I would like to discuss the advances in biomedical research that is taking place. As the title of this essay indicates, I will describe what is known of the mechanisms, that underlie the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases, unmet expectations, reasons for the observed limitations. Future of medicine, especially the precision and personal medicine, lies in clinicians gaining much more detailed information about the patient, the underlying causes of the disease, the knowledge of the emerging technologies, and their applications, to deliver personalized or precision treatment, with a better outcome. Since my area of interest is cardiometabolic diseases, let me try to discuss how this is done at an academic setting.


Objective To investigate optimum conditions for the ultrafiltration of total flavonoids from christina loosestrife herb by using response surface methodology.Methods Trans-membrane pressure,liquid temperature and the drug concentration were selected as independent variables,and the purity of total flavonoids was regarded as response value.All variables and their interactive effects on the purity of total flavonoids were also investigated with Box-Behnken Design.The predictive model of polynomial quadratic equation was analyzed by Design Expert software.Results The results indicated that the optimum extraction conditions of total flavonoids were as follows: the trans-membrane pressure 0.27 MPa,liquid temperature 34℃,the ratio of material to water 0.24 g/ml.Under the optimized condition,the predicted purity of the total flavonoids was 18.38%,and the actual value was 18.20%.Conclusion Optimum conditions are suitable for the ultrafiltration of total flavonoids from christina loosestrife herb by using response surface methodology.


While their first developments date from the mid-90s, the creative industries are still at the grand project stage. The central hypothesis on which this article focuses is that including creative industries and cultural industries in the same category cannot be regarded as real or effective, any more than the emergence of a single category, i.e., creative industries, as advertised by professionals, experts or policymakers. While the constituent elements of cultural industries are now relatively well known (the author cites five features that he considers to be essential), this is not yet the case for the creative industries, which remain highly heterogeneous. It is, therefore, possible to list the similarities and dissimilarities between these two categories of industry and even to identify a number of structural differences between them, and for them still to appear in 11 market segments whose data were available in 2014 for the 27 member states of the European Union. If we respect the previously stated conditions, the quantitative pre-eminence of cultural industries is not about to end.


The aim of this paper is to investigate the relationship between trade volume, number of transaction and daily volatility for Romanian Financial Investments Funds. There is a large debate on this topic. The empirical results of previous literature showed that there is a strong relationship between these varables. Using OLS regressions we found that trade volume has a larger impact on daily volatility compared to the influence of number of transactions which could be considered as a proxy for liquidity.


Production diseases have severe economic impacts in dairy farms. Financial losses due to culling, decreased productivity, discarded milk as well as costs for treatment
and labour efforts are failure costs related to the occurrence of production diseases. To support decision making regarding herd health measures, failure costs caused by clinical and subclinical mastitis as well as mild and severe lameness were assessed on 60 organic dairy farms in Germany. Failure costs varied substantially between
farms. Decision-making in terms of animal health requires a farm specific calculation of failure costs to enable the identification of those measures that provide the best
cost-benefit relationship.


In this paper, our aim is to study the right generalized (a, b)-reverse derivations on semi-prime near-ring and generalized dependent element of right generalized (a, b)-reverse derivation and right generalized b-reverse derivation on semi-prime near-ring. We generalize some useful results by using these notions.


WEC-240, a 6-page illustrated fact sheet by Krystal K. Noiseux and Mark E. Hostetler, provides information and strategies for motivated homeowners to engage their neighbors to address local environmental issues. Published by the UF Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, November 2007.
WEC 240/UW263: Making Your Community Green: Community-Based Social Marketing for EcoFriendly Communities (ufl.edu)


The thesis first gives a brief introduction about the concepts of blog, RSS and knowledge management. And it states the possibility and superiority of blog and RSS to explain the reason why we apply them together in the field of postgraduatepsilas knowledge management. Then, combined with the cultivating model in China and postgraduatespsila own learning characteristics, both the problems and cruxes existing in postgraduatespsila personal knowledge management are pointed out. Furthermore, to counter these problems, it proposed some instructive strategies with concrete implement process about how to make use of blog and RSS to improve postgraduate's personal knowledge management by setting up a knowledge management platform based on blog and RSS. These strategies have covered different aspects of knowledge management including knowledge identification, knowledge acquisition, knowledge development, knowledge sharing, knowledge application and knowledge evaluation. Finally, an available and effective way of postgraduate's personal knowledge management would be presented.


Fe3N can be efficiently synthesized from an iron-ethanediamine precursor, whose diameter can be controlled by the synergistic effect of acetone and ethanediamine. As-synthesized Fe3N exhibits a soft magnetic behavior, high specific magnetization (83.74 emu g−1 at 17.5 kOe with a remanent squareness of 6.68%), and shows potential application in information storage. Furthermore, a series of organic amines with different structures are employed to controllably synthesize Fe3N and Fe3C, which is employed to investigate the possible route for fabricating Fe3N and effectively develops the preparation of Fe3N via a sol–gel route. Moreover, hydrogen generation induced by visible light using the as-synthesized Fe3N was investigated, and it was found that Fe3N showed a stable catalytic activity of 218.4 μmol g−1 in 8 h, which indicates that the as-synthesized Fe3N can be regarded as a potential photocatalyst for hydrogen generation.


Silicon carbide grains of type X constitute ~1% of all presolar SiC grains found in primitive meteorites. These grains have N and Si excesses, mostly light C, high inferred Al/Al ratios, and evidence (from Ca and Ti excesses) for the initial presence of the short-lived radioisotopes Ti and V. These isotopic signatures clearly indicate an origin in the ejecta of Type II supernovae (SNe) and material from different SN zones had to contribute to the mix from which the grains formed: He/N (Al), He/C (C and N), and the Si/S zone (Si, Ti, V). However, in detail there are many discrepancies between grain data and theoretical predictions from SN models. One major discrepancy concerns the distribution of the Si isotopic ratios. In a Si 3-isotope plot, most grains plot along a line, which points to a primary isotopic composition with Si/Si ! 1/3"solar and almost no Si. However, such a composition is not produced by any of the SN models. Another set of discrepancies involves the correlation between C, N and Al isotopic ratios: C/C and N/N ratios are high in the He/C and low in the He/N zone, whereas the Al/Al ratios show the opposite behavior. As a consequence, mixing between these zones results in negative correlations between these ratios, in contrast to the grain data. Another example is the lack of large Fe excesses in X grains. While mixing with material from the Si/S zone, rich in Si, is necessary to explain the Si excesses in these grains, the Fe, also abundant in this zone, must have been separated from the Si before grain condensation by a process still not understood.


Using Landsat-Based Phenology Metrics, Terrain Variables, and Machine Learning for Mapping and Probabilistic Prediction of Forest Community Types in West Virginia