The ROMANSE project was a key partner of the highly successful SCOPE project. The project was concerned with the development of Southampton as a model for transport management systems using Advanced Transport Telematics. Four field trials have been undertaken in Strategic Information Systems, Public Transport, Integrated Urban Traffic Management and Traffic and Travel Information. This resulted in the implementation of a real-time passenger information system (STOPWATCH) using beacon based Automatic Beacon Location system for buses, Bus Priority within a dynamic UTC system, provision of Variable Message Signs, installation of CCTV cameras with video image processing for incident detection throughout the city, placement of TRIPlanner public access terminals providing multi-modal travel information and creation of a Traffic and Travel Information Centre providing timely travel information. The paper discusses the project successes and the next stage of the project - developing the systems into large scale demonstration trials. STOPWATCH will be expanded to provide city wide coverage. Other systems will be developed and enhanced such as TRIPlanner and additional in-home information systems provided. As in SCOPE, ROMANSE will be at the heart of the FP4 project EUROSCOPE with new areas being explored. Traveller information will be further improved with in-vehicle displays on public transport and provision of pre-trip traveller information services. SMARTCARD technology for freight will be applied to provide a city pre-gate facility. Further network control measures are to be implemented for environmental monitoring, integrated incident management strategies and the linking of control and information centres.


In this paper, we describe an elementary method for counting the number of non-isomorphic algebras of a fixed dimension over a given finite field. We use this method to derive an explicit formula for the number of 2-dimensional algebras over a finite field.


Five of the six univariate natural exponential families (NEFs) with quadratic variance functions (QVFs), meaning that their variances are at most quadratic functions of their means, are the Normal, Poisson, Gamma, Binomial, and Negative Binomial distributions. The sixth is the NEF-CHS, the NEF generated from convolved Hyperbolic Secant distributions. These six NEF-QVFs and their relatives are unified in this article and in the main diagram via arrows that connect NEFs with many other named distributions. Relatives include all of Pearson's families of conjugate distributions (e.g., Inverted Gamma, Beta, F, and Skewed-t), conjugate mixtures (including two Polya urn schemes), and conditional distributions (including Hypergeometrics and Negative Hypergeometrics). Limit laws that also relate these distributions are indicated by solid arrows in Figure 1.


Disappearance rates of intracisternally administered 3H-norepinephrine and activities of tyrosine hydroxylase were examined in the rabbit in five brain regions (telencephalon, hypothalamus, midbrain, medulla-pons, and cerebellum) and in three cord regions (cervical, thoracolumbar, and lumbosacral) 2 weeks after section of the carotid sinus and aortic nerves. Mean blood pressure rose by 29% and heart rate by 17% in the animals with neurogenic hypertension. Endogenous catecholamine concentrations in the eight regions examined were not altered by denervation. In the thoracolumbar region of the spinal cord, 3H-norepinephrine turnover and tyrosine hydroxylase activity were increased approximately twofold in hypertensive rabbits. We suggest that these changes reflect increased physiological activity of bulbospinal noradrenergic neurons and that this increase may mediate the rise in arterial pressure or heart rate that follows sinoaortic denervation. The turnover of 3H-norepinephrine increased in the hypothalamus of denervated animals; tyrosine hydroxylase activity remained unchanged in this region.


In RFID system, the problem of the collision between tags is a focus topic. The Hash-tree anti-collision algorithm was proposed in the paper, which adopted hash operation to allocate slots for tags and used tree searching method to identify collision tags in the queue of collision slots. The proposed algorithm doesn't require readers to test the precise location of collision bits, and its performance beyond 36.8% is better than ALOHA- based algorithms.


The failure of prevention campaigns is not only a result of institutional factors. Social and Cultural factors also play an important role in the spread of the disease. In addition AIDS is a disease that does not effect solely the health sector. Since it also effects the productive sector of the population this disease could have unforeseeable consequences on the socio-economic development of a country. This study analyses the institutional responses to AIDS and the effects of the disease on people from different economic backgrounds. It encompasses population groups that are active participants of the country's production process and those most vulnerable to the spread of the disease. An analysis is also made of the many socio-cultural factors that facilitate the spread of AIDS. Moreover a case study is elaborated in which people's attitudes towards such factors are explored as well as the changes in behavioural patterns that the situation demands. (authors)


Gradient composition is one of the strategies for increasing the figure of merit Z of thermoelectric (TE) materials. There are two types of gradient composition TE materials. One is a carrier concentration functionally graded material (FGM), in which the carrier concentration was optimized to produce the maximum local Z with a certain temperature gradient. The other is a segmented FGM, which was composed of different material and each segment works at its optimal temperature range. The study progress of those two types of TE FGM is reviewed.


Online learning as a term includes many different approaches and technologies, but there's little that's been done thus far to identify the effectiveness of the various approaches, and offer guidance to those who have been told to "do something with online learning." There are advantages and drawbacks to the various online strategies. This panel will explore the relationship between learning outcomes and elearning course design. Online learning is a very inclusive label, but used as if it were a single thing. It is not, and the range of approaches, whether based on technology or pedagogy are vast. There has been little done to help those considering online education to differentiate between the various online education approaches. Currently the arguments seem based more on vendor and vendor products, than on the learning outcomes expected by the content developer. It's no surprise then that many online courses don't seem to meet the needs of the participants or the course developers themselves. What's needed is a discussion about the efficacy of the various elearning approaches, and how to match learning objectives to those approaches. In doing so, there is far more likelihood of developing an effective online learning experience for all concerned. Online courses are frequently characterized as synchronous or asynchronous; but there are other dimensions. Instructor-led is frequently associated with linear-sequential structure while non-instructor led programs have greater potential for non-linear structures , but none of those characterizations provide any sense of which strategies hold the greatest potential for economically achieving a particular set of learning objectives. Conversely, what's the best online approach for developing knowledge on a topic that can be applied to a variety of diverse situations? It's time to being the discussion. The two panelists -Zahrl Schoeny, and Raymond Rose -come to this panel with over 15 years of experience in online education. • Zahrl is an advocate of blended online course delivery. He developed an online professional development program for school administrators in Virginia. He is in the process of developing a new online program that will prepare online course designers. Zahrl was part of the expert panel that developed the online course delivery standards for the Virtual High School. • Ray has been the leader of Concord Consortium's online efforts over the past seven years. He currently directs Seeing Math a project that uses video case studies as a primary strategy for teacher professional development. Over the course of his work with Concord he has been involved in projects using a variety of online delivery techniques. He helped develop the NSCD Standards for Online Teacher Professional Development, and is on the board for a number of online education projects. He was recently recognized at the tenth annual Marketing Opportunities for Business and Entertainment Conference as one of the Influencers and Innovators of the Internet and Technology. He is a recognized proponent of online asynchronous education.


A 5‐month‐old boy presented with multiple, pinkish‐yellow, umblicated, varicelliform vesicles on his trunk. The lesions first appeared on his scalp 2 months earlier. There was also an erythematous, moist and erosive eruption on both axillae, inguinal regions and intergluteal sulcus. He had been treated with topical antibacterial and antiviral therapies. Histopathological investigation of the lesions revealed the diagnosis of Langerhans cell histiocytosis. Systemic involvement was not detected, although detailed investigation was performed. We present our case because he had a varicelliform and intertriginous eruption but did not have internal organ and haematological involvement.


Archival science, which is highly influenced by social and technological change, is presently in the midst of a profound transformation that affects its very nature. After a brief introduction to future studies, prospective archival science is defined as the research posed and conducted to respond to queries and uncertainties respecting the future of archives and archival science, as well as the study of factors of change that will determine that future. This is followed by a reflection on the fundamentals of this discipline, the questions to be addressed, the fields of application, and the most suitable methods. The article concludes with a proposal for the appropriate application of prospective archival science: consensus documents and indicators.


Introduction.?Originally written as a Thesis in 1925 and now published by permission of the University of Edinburgh, the opportunity has been taken to correlate the results of a considerable amount of new work which has been done in this subject, especially in Japan and Italy. In particular an unusually complete pathological study has been made at Tokyo University by Dr T. Ipponsugi, and published in German (8vo, 117 pages) (1927). Although two cases of this rare and distressing disease are here recorded, the writer has had no pathological material available, one being, happily, alive and well: the other did not afford any post-mortem opportunity. Ipponsugi's researches are therefore drawn upon, with due acknowledgment to him and to the Maeda Research Fund which made his valuable histological work possible, every muscle of his patient's body having been examined macroscopically and microscopically. No monograph of this disease, or resume of its international hterature and published cases, has appeared in this country : references will be found to a very complete one by Goto, Japan, also in German (1912); Centeno (1915), in Spanish, published at Buenos Ayres; Lohr (1922) at Leipzig; and one of the most c?mplete is by Rosenstirn of San Francisco (1918). It is therefore hoped that other cases existing in this country may he traced and that early recognition of the condition may be facilitated and treatment instituted. That such treatment up t? the present has proved unavailing is, it may be said, a further reason for drawing attention to, and reviewing the hterature of, this strange disease. As the diseases of infancy and childhood are pre-eminently the sphere in which preventive medicine has its greatest appeal, it may not be out of place to refer here to the fact that it is difficult, after reviewing the facts already elicited and the knowledge already gained of the pathogenesis of this condition,


Radiation patterns of scattered fields with arbitrary azimuthal orders in multilayer planar waveguides and laser cavities with circularly symmetric gratings are formulated based on the volume current method. Full-wave Green's function analysis based on the integral transform method lies at the heart of this approach. Unlike the conventional approach, the dyadic Green's function relates some auxiliary fields to some auxiliary sources in the spectral domain. These auxiliary functions are defined to facilitate the spectral domain formulation in the cylindrical coordinate system and the use of transfer matrix method for obtaining a closed-form solution of the spectral Green's function in multilayer planar structures. More importantly, it is shown that the far-field pattern of the scattered field can be expressed directly in terms of the auxiliary fields in the Hankel transform domain.


h roughout his writings, Milton, deeply engaged in political and theological controversy, sought to clear a space for human freedom in a world ruled by an omniscient and omnipotent deity. Paradise Lost and Samson Agonistes , as well as other works by Milton in verse and prose, explore the problematical aspects of a universe ruled by an Old Testament God of wrath, demanding obedience, who allows his creatures the freedom to be 'authors' of their own fate. Milton and the Burden of Freedom examines the contradictions inherent in Milton's religious, political and ethical beliefs as expressed in his poems, prose writings and the treatise De Doctrina Christiana. Milton, whose writings are rooted in the Reformed tradition while challenging Calvinist orthodoxy, is both radical and conservative. Warren Chernaik traces the evolution of Milton's attitude towards freedom, servitude and virtue during a century of political upheaval and disappointed hopes.


Hold-time violations in a scan circuit may occur both in the scan chain and in its combinational logic part. If a hold-time violation occurs on the scan path from one scan cell to another, it is also likely to happen on short functional paths between the two cells, which have clock skew. This paper is intended to indirectly detect hold-time violations on short functional paths using scan shift operations. A greedy approach to scan chain ordering is presented to detect as many hold-time violations as possible using scan shift operations. Extensive experiments are conducted to detect hold-time violations on short functional paths of various lengths by scan shift operations. Experimental results show that many hold-time violations on short functional paths can be detected by choosing an appropriate order of the scan cells in the scan chain.


Water hardness due to the calcium and magnesium ions in groundwater have been a devastating effect to the freshwater in the dry zone in Sri Lanka, mainly in the Jaffna peninsula. Jaffna peninsula depends on ground water as there are no other freshwater sources and the rain fall is not sufficient. Study on the removal of calcium and magnesium ions using rice husk (RH) as a low-cost adsorbent was investigated in groundwater of calcium and magnesium ions in the Jaffna peninsula, Sri Lanka. This study was conducted to evaluate the ground water quality and removal of hardness. Fifteen wells were selected in different regions in Jaffna peninsula for ground water samplings. Impact of operational conditions, such as the dosage amount of rice husk and contact time were analyzed for chemically modified rice husk. Here we used HCl and NaOH to modifying the rich husk by chemically at pH 4 and pH 8 respectively. Statistical analysis revealed that the highest removal of Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ ions are at pH 4, adsorbent dosage 10 g/L water and 30 minutes of settling time.


Oxygen carriers such as metalloporphyrin, metallophthalocyanine and cobalt Schiff base etc., were effective catalysts for oxidation of phenols to quinones. The influence of the aqueous soluble oxygen carriers on the oxidation of trimethylphenol was investigated under various conditions. In homogeneous reaction system, DMF was a good solvent in which high yield was achieved; with addition of NaOH in homogeneous system, the conversion increased and the selectivity decreased; in water-oil biphase system, condensation product was readily produced; after the reaction being carried out in DMF + toluene homogeneous system, the catalyst could be extracted with dilute Na2CO3 solution.


A case of "essential" cryoglobulinemia was initially misdiagnosed as factitial ulceration. The abnormal protein, not demonstrable on routine electrophoresis, was characterized as a macrocryoglobulin. A biologic false-positive reaction occurred with the venereal disease research laboratory test for syphilis (VDRL), and the Kolmer and fluorescent treponemal antibody (FTA-200) tests, but the Reiter protein complement fixation test (RPCF), fluorescent treponemal antibody test with serum absorbed by Reiter protein sonicate (FTA-abs), andTreponema pallidumimmobilization test (TPI) were nonreactive. Pitfalls in diagnosis of cryoglobulinemia are enumerated. Clinical criteria for factitial ulceration are applied.


Objective: The objective of this paper was to review the immunizations and emerging therapies currently being researched to treat and/or prevent Alzheimer's disease. Methods: Databases used to conduct the research included MEDline and PubMed. An initial broad search was conducted using the phrase "Alzheimer's disease/prevention and control." More narrow searches were then conducted using the search terms "Alzheimer vaccines," "Alzheimer stem cell," "Alzheimer antiamyloid," and "Alzheimer neuroprotection." Current drug trials were found at www.clinicaltrials.gov and newspaper articles via Internet search engines such as Google. Results: Clinical trials are currently in progress for both passive (bapineuzumab, LY2062430, IVIG), active immunization (AN1792, ACC-001, CAD106, V950), and other therapies (neural stem cells, antibiotics, secretase inhibitors and activators, chelators, testosterone, and insulin). Conclusion: The immunizations entering final clinical trial phases appear to delay the onset or improve symptom control in Alzheimer's disease, but do not seem to provide a cure at this time.


Energy harvesting is an attractive solution to extend battery lifetime in a wireless sensor node (WSN). However, energy harvesting resources are inherently sporadic and critically affected by their environment, mandating energy storage elements (e.g., battery or super-capacitor) to guarantee a reliable operation. Recent studies that use energy storage elements mainly focus on efficient power extraction from the harvesting sources [1] –[5]. With many WSNs, the required amount of power during the sensing mode is small but increases significantly, often much higher than the instantaneous harvesting power, during the wireless data transmission. Therefore, the WSN cannot function properly with a simple boost converter topology with a limited output capacitor, and even it wastes energy under light load condition [1]. Thus, a storage element is required in the cases of remaining topologies [2] –[5]. In a 2-stage cascaded boost and buck converter topology, the boost converter harvests continuously to the storage element and load is supplied from the storage element, but the cascaded operation of the boost and buck converter leads to a poor overall efficiency [2]. A discontinuous energy harvesting mode is introduced in [4], [5] to address the above issues. However, during the storage element powered mode, the output voltage could be seriously unregulated when the stored energy is directly transferred to the output [4]. Besides, there still remains an inefficiency concern as the system stops collecting energy from the harvesters during the storage element powered mode [4], [5]. This work presents a reconfigurable DC-DC converter for maximum thermoelectric generator (TEG) energy harvesting in a battery-powered WSN. The converter operates in single-input dual-output (SIDO) boost and battery-supplied buck modes with a single inductor achieving 88.5% peak end-to-end and 93.3% efficiencies, respectively. Battery-TEG pile-up buck (BTPB) and dual-phase buck/boost (DPBB) modes are proposed to maximize the TEG power extraction during the battery-powered operation, resulting in up to 44% saving in the battery power.


The quality of quantitative estimates of sea surface water temperatures (SSTs) is ev aluated for different techniques, Imbrie-Kipp transfer functions (IKTF), the modern analog technique (MAT), weighted-averaging partial least squares (WAPLS) regression, the maximum likelihood (ML) method, and artificial neural networks (ANNs), based on radiolarian faunal abundance data from surface sediments from the Antarctic and Pacific Oceans. Recent studies have suggested that ANNs may represent one of the most optimum procedures for estimates of paleo-SSTs. We, therefore, employed ANNs together with these other methods to estimate SSTs during February-April (TFA) and August-October (TAO) at a mean water depth of 40 m, wherein radiolarian abundances generally coincide with chlorophyll-a maximum. We used CLIMAP's modern Antarctic radiolarian core top data and Pisias et al.'s Pacific Ocean core top data for the analyses. A portion of the datasets (75%) was used for training of ten ANNs per season, and estimates of error rates (root-mean-square-errors of prediction, RMSEPs) were made from the remaining observations, constituting an independent holdback (HB) set. The same training and HB sets were used for estimates of RMSEPs for the other methods. For the ANNs the RMSEP in the Antarctic Ocean dataset is as low as ~1.3 o C for both T FA and TAO. In comparison, RMSEPs for the other techniques for TFA are higher in ranging between 1.8 and 2.0°C, whereas those for TAO are similar (1.4-1.5°C). Correlation coefficients (r:s) between observed and predicted SSTs using the ANNs are 0.97 for both seasons. In the Pacific Ocean dataset, RMSEPs derived from the ANNs are considerably lower for both seasons, 1.5°C for TFA (1.8-2.2°C for the other methods), and 1.4°C for TAO (the other methods 1.7-1.9°C). ANN-derived correlation coefficients (r:s) between observed and predicted SSTs are 0.98 for both TFA and TAO in the Pacific Ocean. Comparison of residual (estimated-observed) SST maps suggests that MAT and ANN produced lesser geographic trends than those of the other methods.


This paper presents the first measurements of the vertical distribution of CFC-22 in the stratosphere resulting from gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) of air samples collected cryogenically between 10 and 33 km altitude, at 44°N. Results from 2 balloon flights carried out on September 20, 1982, and on September 10, 1983, are shown and compared with a theoretical profile computed by means of a 1-D model. Our results demonstrate that CFC-22 mixing ratios decrease more slowly with height than many other halocarbons indicating that this hydrohalocarbon may become an important source of ClOx radicals in the upper stratosphere.


Based on the causes,anatomical characteristics,and classification of fracture of the neck of femur,the treatment of femoral neck fracture development research is analyzed,including the internal fixation methods,artificial hip replacement method,osteotomy method and the blood supply technical means improvement.That has practical significance on the cure rate and complication reduction.


OBJECTIVE
To study the effect of 3 months of treatment with zileuton, an inhibitor of the enzymatic pathway (5-lipoxygenase) leading to leukotriene formation, on disease control in patients with mild to moderate asthma.

DESIGN
Randomized, double-blind, parallel-group study in 401 patients. A 10-day placebo lead-in was followed by a double-blind treatment period of 13 weeks.

SETTING
Asthma study clinics in university hospitals and private practices.

PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS
Patients with mild to moderate asthma (forced expiratory volume in the first second [FEV1], 40% to 80% of predicted) whose only treatment was inhaled beta-agonists.

INTERVENTIONS
Treatment with 600 mg or 400 mg of zileuton or placebo (each taken four times daily.)

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Frequency of asthma exacerbation requiring treatment with corticosteroids, use of inhaled beta-agonists, pulmonary function tests, asthma symptom assessment, and quality-of-life evaluation. Safety was evaluated by monitoring adverse events.

RESULTS
Only eight (6.1%) of 132 patients receiving 600 mg of zileuton four times a day required corticosteroid treatment for asthma vs 21 (15.6%) of 135 patients receiving placebo (P=.02), giving a relative risk of 2.6. At the time of expected peak drug concentration, the average FEV1 improved 15.7% in the 600-mg zileuton group vs 7.7% in the placebo group (P=.006). Quality-of-life assessments significantly improved in the 600-mg zileuton group and not in the placebo group (P=.007 for the overall score). Elevations in liver function tests (more than three times normal), all of which reversed with drug withdrawal, occurred in five patients (P=.03 vs placebo), three patients (P=.12 vs placebo), and no patients treated with 600 mg of zileuton, 400 mg of zileuton, or placebo, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS
Three months of 5-lipoxygenase inhibition produced a significant improvement in asthma control. These data indicate that 5-lipoxygenase products of arachidonic acid metabolism are mediators of inflammation with an important role in the biology of asthma.


The research carried out and discussed in the present dissertation is positioned within the "TranscrApple" project (www.transcrapple.com), funded by the Provincia Autonoma di Trento (PAT) within the call "Grandi Progetti 2012". The general objectives of this project, a significant part of which overlap with the present thesis, deal with the characterization, as wide as possible with the currently available technologies, of the transcriptional events, including those related to small RNAs (not discussed in the present dissertation), the metabolic changes, on a subset of primary and secondary metabolites, and hormones' cross-talk, through a hormone profiling approach, occurring during apple fruit development.
The present thesis is organized in different chapters, mirroring the experimental and temporal rationale effectively pursued to develop the research herein described. The main objective of the present work deals not only with providing an overview of transcripts, metabolites and hormones and their variations during fruit development, but also with the setting up of technical and experimental solutions aimed at using the achieved information within an integrative platform, according to a "systems biology view". In model species, all this kind of studies are extremely easier, thanks to the availability of ready-to-use bioinformatics tools that are not flexible enough to be used in other species. However, especially in tree crops, this approach is still far from being defined and standardized.
Chapter 1 introduces the theme "apple fruit development", discussing the adoption of apple as a model system that, in the last decade, acquired great importance in terms of research among the fruit species thanks to the availability of its sequenced genome. After a brief introduction on the fundamental information available about the apple fruit growth, taking into account the technological and scientific points of view, few difficulties and gaps that hamper the achievement of a complete overview of the regulatory events coordinating the development and growth of the apple, are discussed in relation to the main quantitative and qualitative parameters characterizing the apple fruit production.
Chapter 2 enters into the apple fruit research area; the preliminary phase and the multiple validations (concerning different cultivars and seasons) of transcriptional markers during the main apple developmental stages were shown to be fundamental for choosing, on the base of the expression profiles of these genes, the most representative samples, among those collected also in different seasons. Several markers have been identified, validated and
employed, among those available from literature, allowing the selection of samples of cv Golden Delicious (herein considered as model) to be used for the subsequent transcriptional and metabolomic characterization carried out in the present research.
Chapter 3 deals with the hormonal profiling survey carried out along the apple fruit development for the first time in this species. The results have allowed not only the achievement of brand new data related to the major hormonal classes, to be employed for further researches, but also the clarification and/or confirmation of new hormonal interactions connected to the fruit development stage or the transition between stages. Moreover, the relevance of this study consists in having achieved, for the first time in apple, quantitative data of an important set of hormones concurrently on the same samples.
Chapter 4 concerns the survey on the metabolites and their variations during the apple fruit development. A complete overview of the changes of the different classes of metabolites (mainly sugars, organic acids, aminoacids and polyphenols) is given during the apple developmental cycle. The acquired data have been derived from the same samples already analyzed in the previous chapters, and will be integrated with data of diverse nature, such as the RNAseq.
Chapter 5 of the present thesis comes into the "system biology" area, initially among several technical difficulties, then partially solved, and gives an example of an alternative interpretation of the hormonal data put within a correlative network along with the RNAseq results achieved on the same samples.


Application of organic fertilizer today has become a necessity, benefits can be felt by farmers using organic fertilizers because increasing content of organic matter and soil nutrition so that increased productivity of agricultural land. Golden snail (Pomacea canaliculata) was introduced to Asia in the 1980s from South America as a potential food for humans. nutritional content of golden snails when added to other ingredients can be a good growth medium for growth of various types of bacteria (consortium) as basic ingredients of liquid organic fertilizer (Bio-fertilizer). Bio-fertilizer was made from golden snail plus consortium bacteria which then carried out isolation and calculation number of bacterial colonies that grow, test activity of phosphate solvent, nitrogen fixation and effectiveness of Ciherang rice flowering. Bio-fertilizer applications made in combination with solid organic fertilizers significantly increase plant height, number of tillers, multiply and accelerate flowering of Ciherang rice.


The invention provides adhesive used in an artificial board taking bark as material and a preparation method thereof, relating to adhesive and a manufacturing method thereof. The invention solves the problems of short storage period, poor cementing property and long preparation cycle of the adhesive. The adhesive can be obtained through the reaction of liquefied product A, sodium hydroxide solution, formaldehyde solution and water, wherein the liquefied product A is obtained from the following materials of corresponding part by weight: 90 to 100 portions of phenol, 25 to 85 portions of bark powder and 1 to 15 portions of catalyst; moreover, according to weight ratio, the sodium hydroxide solution of 30 to 60 percent of concentration, the formaldehyde solution of 30 to 40 percent concentration and water respectively occupies 0.26 to 0.74percent, 0.5 to 2.1percent and 0.6 to 2.8percent of the liquefied product A. The method includes the following steps: the phenol, the bark powder and catalyst are adopted to react, thereby obtaining the liquefied product A; then, the sodium hydroxide solution, the formaldehyde solution and the water are added in the liquefied product A and are made into the adhesive after stirring and heating up. The invention can improve the performance of bark adhesive, shorten adhesive preparation cycle, and reduce the cost of the adhesive; meanwhile, the invention prevents the waste of biomass material resource and optimizes the environment.


Orbital complications of sinus disease continue to appear in clinical practice. Acute visual loss may occur in association with sinusitis either as a complication of orbital cellulitis or, less frequently, as a part of the orbital apex syndrome. The classification which defines the degree of orbital extension is valuable, therapeutically and prognostically. The orbital apex syndrome is associated with an affection of the vessels and nerves passing through the superior orbital fissure and the optic foramen and characterized by visual loss and ophthalmoplegia. But it has minimal or no signs of orbital inflammation such as proptosis, chemosis, or lid edema. We experienced a case of temporary monocular visual loss and ophthalmoplegia caused by mucocele in the sphenoid sinus. Thus, we report, with a review of literature, a case of orbital apex syndrome caused by mucocele in the sphenoid sinus in a 53 year-old male patient. (Korean J Otolaryngol 2003;46:780-2)


Perhaps the most radical of recent innovations to explode upon the embattled horizon of the continuing reading controversy is i/t/a, the Initial Teaching Alphabet. TEACHING READING WITH i/t/a:


The conference "Design Technologies for Wheeled and Tracked Vehicles" is held annually at Bauman Moscow State Technical University. The conference is organized by the Department of "Wheeled vehicles" and the Department of "multi-purpose tracked vehicles and mobile robots". Every year, representatives of various scientific, educational and industrial organizations in Russia and other countries come to us with reports and speeches. The main topics of the reports are issues related to the design of wheeled and tracked vehicles. We are glad to see scientists from all countries and organizations in the field of education, science and industry at our conference. Sincerely, A. Protopopov


Immediate-type allergic reactions in man, rat and guinea-pig were inhibited by disodium cromoglycate (DSCG) and by β-adrenergic stimulant drugs like isoprenaline and salbutamol. Isoprenaline, like DSCG, inhibited the release of pharmacological mediators of immediate-type allergy. This anti-anaphylactic effect was shown in vivo in passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA). It was also shown in the dextran-induced anaphylactoid reaction in the rat, suggesting a common pathway between this response and the true anaphylactic reaction. The dextran response in rats may perhaps be a useful screening test for potential anti-anaphylactic agents. Both DSCG and isoprenaline inhibited histamine release in a variety of in vitro test systems. In lung tissue they inhibited histamine release mediated by human reagins as well as the release of histamine mediated by γ1 antibodies in guinea-pig. The inhibition by DSCG of histamine release from guinea-pig lung contrasts with its reported lack of ability to inhibit guinea-pig PCA, and does not support the view that it specifically inhibits reactions initiated by the interaction of reaginic antibodies with antigen. Isoprenaline was at least 1000 times as potent as DSCG in all the test systems, including PCA and dextran response in rat. Thus the β-adrenergic sympathomimetics are potent protective agents against anaphylactic reactions, and should not be considered only as agents producing symptomatic relief of bronchospasm in asthma.


This paper argues that governments, industry, and educational institutions need to engage better with Aboriginal communities when it comes to training and economic development initiatives in Northern Saskatchewan. Building accessible programs and engaging with youth are keys to sustainable development. The social capital in northern communities is resilient and embedded in kinship networks, but with the fast-growing youth population, increased collaborative engagement between communities, governments, training institutions, and industry is required to help build relevant programs for youth. Findings from the 2009–2012 Northern Aboriginal Political Engagement study suggest that, given the opportunity and proper incentives, northern Aboriginal youth want to and will engage in the development of themselves and their communities. Most youth believe that priority should also be given to address problems with addictions (alcohol, drugs). At a minimum, these findings imply that better coordination is needed between health programs (mental health and addiction) and training and economic development programs for youth. This paper is part of a special collection of brief discussion papers presented at the 2014 Walleye Seminar held in Northern Saskatchewan, which explored consultation and engagement with northern communities and stakeholders in resource development.


This paper uses Swedish geocoded data to empirically investigate the effect of a geographic dispersal policy on the characteristics of the refugees' individualized (k-nearest) neighborhoods and the placed refugees' neighborhood trajectories over time. Our findings indicate that the initial neighborhood of placed refugees are defined by a higher share of natives, a lower share of non-Western immigrants and a higher share of high-income individuals compared to refugees that arrived in a time period when they could choose themselves where to locate. In this sense, the placed refugees are geographically more integrated. We also find that, in subsequent moves for the placed refugees, those moving longer distances experience a drop in the share of natives and an increase in the share of non-Western in their close neighborhoods. Stayers and short-distance movers, on the other hand, have a less drastic change in their neighborhood in terms of share of natives and nonwestern over time.


Congo River Basin (CRB) in central Africa, the second-largest river basin in the world, after the Amazon1, has an area of about 3.7Million km2 and annual flow volume of about 1.3 km3. It covers nine riparian countries, including Central African Republic, Cameroon, Republic of Congo, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Angola, Zambia, Tanzania, Rwanda, and Burundi1,2. CRB holds huge potentials for socio-economic growth and poverty alleviation for its nine riparian countries and the African continent, but access to its resources remains a challenge, primarily, due to the remoteness of the basin, poor governance, and critical lack of financial and technical capacity2. Current threats to the basin include poor practices of natural resources management such as large-scale deforestation, uncontrolled urbanisation, and mining, which contribute to sedimentation and pollution. With increasing climate change (CC), these detrimental effects may be amplified. With no sustainable strategies of river basin management in place, there may be severe consequences on the water-intensive sectors, biodiversity, and health of about 120 million people of the CRB who rely on the basin's resources for their livelihood.


AbstractMany local governments are promoting sustainability initiatives, ranging from progressive urban design and development to climate protection. Past research suggests that governments are often motivated to act because of the possible co-benefits, such as cost savings, associated with sustainability. Many sustainability programs target inhouse city operations, however, thus ensuring that co-benefits accrue to local government while not imposing regulations on businesses or residents. Co-benefits might be less likely to drive decisionmaking when sustainability initiatives are directed to the larger community. In this article, we examine why some cities actively pursue the more difficult prospect of communitywide sustainability policy. We merge secondary data with original data from a survey of local governments to explore three broad theoretical influences on decisionmaking. (1) interest group pressure, (2) problem seventy or need, and (3) network strength. Our results suggest that, regardless of the institutional structure within a city, participation in some interlocal networks promotes communitywide sustainability initiatives.IntroductionLocal governments are increasingly investing in programs and initiatives to promote sustainability. Sustainability policy casts a broad net and can include a variety of initiatives ranging from climate protection and energy efficiency to comprehensive land use planning. Efforts to advance sustainability at the local level have garnered considerable scholarly attention. As early as 1987, the Brundtland Commission's report, Our Common Future, identified city governments as critical stakeholders in advancing sustainable development (WCED, 1987). Since then, scholars and practitioners have developed a vibrant research agenda exploring the meaning of sustainability (Hempel, 2009; Portney, 2009, 2003), evaluating its effects (Budd et al., 2008; Fitzgerald, 2010; Rabe, 2008; Upadhyay and Brinkman, 2010), and identifying the determinants of policies designed to promote local sustainability (Brody et al., 2008; Bulkeley and Betsill, 2005; Krause, 201 1; Lubell, Feiock, and Handy, 2009; Pierce, Budd, and Lovrich, 2011; Portney, 2009; Portney and Berry, 2010; Sharp, Daley, and Lynch, 2011; Zahran et al., 2008a, 2008b).As scholarship in this area grows, two challenges remain. The first is the theoretical and conceptual challenge implicit in advancing a more nuanced understanding of the relationship between economic development and environmental policy. All too often, these concepts have been treated as competitive endeavors (see Hempel, 2009, and Portney 2003, 2009, for a broader discussion of this point), limiting our ability to understand the win- win scenario that advances both environmental policy and economic development. This suggests a need to explore how different cities capitalize on contemporary postindustrial global economic forces. The second challenge is the need to build on the numerous findings of co-benefits as motivators of city action on climate change and other sustainability initiatives. Many scholars have found that energy cost savings to city governments and similar co-benefits motivate policy adoption in this area (Betsill and Bulkeley, 2004; Bulkeley and Betsill, 2003; Kousky and Schneider, 2003; Portney, 2009). Although co-benefits are likely to loom large in decisionmaking aimed at city operations, it is less clear if this explanation holds when city governments develop communitywide sustainability policy that exceeds inhouse city activities. Benefits from communitywide policies are likely to drift across political boundaries, adding hurdles to pursuing broad-based sustainability initiatives (Rabe, 2004, 2008). Ultimately, communitywide sustainability initiatives are more complex than their inhouse counterparts, and we know less about why cities embark on these broader, more challenging sustainability paths. Indeed, recent research identified systematic differences between the determinants of greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction policy aimed at inhouse city operations and those initiatives targeting the broader community (Feiock and Bae, 2011). …


13-lipoxygenases (13-LOXs) initiate the first enzymatic reaction in jasmonate synthesis which is essential for the activation of defence against herbivores. Jasmonates are wound- inducible compounds that accumulate in a wide time frame from seconds to hours after tissue damage. Jasmonate production begins in plastids and, in Arabidopsis thaliana, four 13-LOXs (LOX2, LOX3, LOX4 and LOX6) incorporate molecular oxygen on the C13 of the α-linolenic acid. Among the four 13-LOXs, LOX2 has been the most widely studied while LOX3, LOX4 and LOX6 remain poorly described. In the present work, we found that each 13-LOX acts differently in response to insect attacks with 1) distinct promoter activities 2) different signalling dynamics and 3) controlling different defences against herbivores.


Recently, weather information has been increasingly used in various area. This study presents the necessity of hourly weather information for electricity demand forecasting through correlation analysis and multivariate regression model. Hourly weather data were collected by Meteorological Administration. Using electricity demand data, we considered TBATS exponential smoothing model with a sliding window method in order to forecast electricity demand. In this paper, we have shown that the incorporation of weather infromation into electrocity demand models can significantly enhance a forecasting capability.


The surface temperature distributions of central compact objects (CCOs) are powerful probes of their crustal magnetic field strengths and geometries. Here we model the surface temperature distribution of RX J0822−4300, the CCO in the Puppis A supernova remnant, using 471 ks of XMM-Newton data. We compute the energy-dependent pulse profiles in 16 energy bands, fully including the general relativistic effects of gravitational redshift and light bending, to accurately model the two heated surface regions of different temperatures and areas, in addition to constraining the viewing geometry. This results in precise measurements of the two temperatures: kTwarm=(1+z)×0.222−0.019+0.018 keV and kT hot = (1 + z) × 0.411 ± 0.011 keV. The two heated surface regions are likely located very close to the rotational poles, with the most probable position of the hotter component ≈ 6° from the rotational pole. For the first time, we are able to measure a deviation from a pure antipodal hot-spot geometry, with a longitudinal offset δγ=11.°7−2.°5+2.°6 . The discovery of this asymmetry, along with the factor of ≈2 temperature difference between the two emitting regions, may indicate that RX J0822−4300 was born with a strong, tangled crustal magnetic field.


To improve the attractancy and selectivity of sex attractants for conifer‐infesting Cydia species, several pheromone blends were tested in Dutch coniferous plantations. Cydia pactolana was optimally attracted by low concentrations of Z8–12:OH. Adding structurally related compounds did not improve catches. Cydia indivisa was attracted by E8–12:OH + Z8–12:OH (1:1). Cydia coniferana, C. cosmophorana, and C. zebeana all responded to E8–12:Ac + E10–12:Ac. For all three species in 1983, the 9:1 ratio of these compounds proved to be more attractive than the 1:1 ratio. In 1985 a 9:1 mixture of E8–12:Ac + E8–12:OH caught only male C. coniferana. Blastesthia turionella and B. posticana were both attracted by E9–12:Ac. Addition of E9–12:OH reduced catches of male B. turionella. A 9:1 mixture of E9–12:Ac + E9–12:OH was rather specific for B. posticana. Pseudohermenias clausthaliana was attracted by Z8–14:Ac + Z10–14:Ac (1:1) and Piniphila decrepitana by E10–14:Ac + Z10–14:Ac (3:1). A funnel trap proved to be suitable for catching male Cydia pactolana, but not for catching male Epinotia tedella. A list is given of sex attractants for tortricid moths attacking spruce, pine, larch, and fir in western Europe.


3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenylterazolium assay,wound-healing assay and mouse melanoma B16BL6 cells adding to a monolayer of human umbilical vein endothelial cells were performed to test the effect of genistein on B16BL6 cell proliferation,migration,and the ability of B16BL6 cells to adhere to endothelium respectively.Immunofluorescence assay was used to evaluate the effect of genistein on distribution of microtubule and actin in B16BL6 cell.It was found that genistein suppressed B16BL6 cell proliferation,migration,and B16BL6 cell-endothelial cell adhesion,and modulated the distribution of actin cytoskeleton,but little effect on microtubule assembly in B16BL6 cells.These results suggest that inhibition of B16BL6 cell proliferation,migration,and adhesion on endothelium by genistein might be modulated partly through its regulating the redistribution of actin cytoskeleton.


THIs essay examined carefully The Special Feature of Yi Duk-Moo(李德懋)'s Sopoommun(小品文) & the Meaning of Prose's Education. The appearance we should watch out for Yi Duk-Moo's Sopoommun, is that describe the natural ecology and the mysterious vitalism of the animal kingdom. His concern of the natural ecology is placed on a track with a movement of writers in 18th century. They also attracted by all things in the universe, changed moment by moment. But it was full of conspicuously the description of natural ecology and the vitalism of animals kingdom in Yi Duk-Moo Sopoommun. Yi Duk-Moo used his resources that express exactly the features of nature as frost, rats, weasels, fish, magpie etc. The expression is full of life. Therefore one work is picturesque, the other work is curious. Yi Duk-Moo's Sopoommun put us on artistic effects and give us new knowledge or intelligence. Yi Duk-Moo's Sopoommun is forced us to recognize newly the educational value of classic prose. This classic prose cause us to realize fact that be the source of knowledge, penetrated into r writing & the understanding of world & embodiment'.


A number of laboratory batch tests were performed using natural apatite. Five different kinds of chemical compounds were selected and mixed with the apatite in order to treat mine tailings contaminated with arsenic and heavy metals. Prior to the batch experiments, basic material property tests were carried out for the mine tailings. From the laboaratory experiments, domestic apatite with 60~70% of purity would be acceptable for the economical purposes and the mixing ratio to produce the stabilizer was found to be 80% of apatite, 5% of Al2(SO4)3·18H(2)O, 5% of FeSO4·7H(2)O, and 5% of MgO.


In this paper, we present PACK (Predictive ACKs), a novel destination-to-destination traffic redundancy elimination (TRE) system, Itespecially designed for cloud computing customers. PACK's main advantage is its capability of offloading the cloud-server TRE effort to end clients, thus reducing the processing costs induced by the TRE algorithm. Not like earlier solutions, PACK is based on a novel TRE technique, which allows the client to use newly received chunks to identify previously received chunk chains, which in turn can be used as reliable predictors to future transmitted chunks.PACK need not require the server to continuously maintain clients' status. This makes PACK very comfortable for pervasive computation network environments that combine client mobility and server migration to maintain cloud elasticity.Cloudrelated TRE needs to apply a judicious use of cloud resources so that the bandwidth cost reduction combined with the extra cost of TRE computation and data storage would be optimized. We present a new fully functional PACK implementation, transparent to all TCP protocol based applications and all network devices. Finally, we analyze and implement PACK benefits for cloud users, using traffic traces from various sources.


Today's largest datacenters dissipate megawatts of power. Efficiency is rapidly becoming the primary determinant of datacenter capability. To understand microarchitectural factors that affect efficiency, we must study datacenter workloads.


Results: In one case (1.92%) the entries were Risperidone, Chlorpromazine, Fluphenazine Decanoate, & Thiothixene). In 11 cases (21.2%) there were three entries and in 40 cases (76.8%) there were two. The Chlorpromazine equivalent dose in each group ranged from the lowest dose (750. mg) to the highest (5600. mg). The highest Chlorpromazine dose (5600. mg) equivalent per milligram belonged to the four entries of (Risperidone, Chlorpromazine, Fluphenazine Decanoate & Thiothixene). The lowest Chlorpromazine dose (750. mg) was seen in 3 entries of Risperidone, Chlorpromazine & Fluphenazine Decanoate . Conclusion: There was a high prevalence of using more than two psychotropic medications from the first atypical antipsychotic category. Less frequently, the second and the third typical antipsychotics were used. We recommend further research into more feasible patterns of psychotropic prescriptions, lowering the amount of medication use and considering their cost-benefits in the elderly with chronic schizophrenia .


Abstract:  Oxidative stress is reported as one of the most widely accepted mechanisms of maneb (MB)‐ and paraquat (PQ)‐induced nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurodegeneration leading to the Parkinson's disease (PD) phenotype. The study investigated the effects of silymarin, an antioxidant of plant origin, and melatonin, an indoleamine produced in all species, in MB‐ and PQ‐induced mouse model of PD. The mice were treated intraperitoneally daily with silymarin (40 mg/kg) or melatonin (30 mg/kg) along with respective controls for 9 wk. Subsets of these animals were also treated with MB (30 mg/kg) and PQ (10 mg/kg), twice a week, for 9 wk, 2 hr after silymarin/melatonin treatment. Locomotor activities along with striatal dopamine content, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunoreactivity, number of degenerating neurons, lipid peroxidation and nitrite content were estimated. Additionally, mRNA expression of vesicular monoamine transporter, cytochrome P‐450 2E1 (CYP2E1), and glutathione‐S‐transferase A4‐4 (GSTA4‐4), catalytic activities of CYP2E1 and GSTA4‐4 and protein expressions of unphosphorylated and phosphorylated p53 (p53 and P‐p53), Bax and caspase 9 were measured in control and MB‐ and PQ‐treated mice with either silymarin or melatonin treatments. Silymarin/melatonin significantly offset MB‐ and PQ‐mediated reductions in locomotor activities, dopamine content, TH immunoreactivity, VMAT 2 mRNA expression and the expression of p53 protein. Silymarin/melatonin attenuated the increases in lipid peroxidation, number of degenerating neurons, nitrite content, mRNA expressions of cytochrome P‐450 2E1 (CYP2E1) and GSTA4‐4, catalytic activities of CYP2E1 and GST and P‐p53, Bax and caspase 9 protein expressions. The results demonstrate that silymarin and melatonin offer nigrostriatal dopaminergic neuroprotection against MB‐ and PQ‐induced PD by the modulation of oxidative stress and apoptotic machinery.


Determination of operational parameters of disintegrative machines and also other machines and devices is important in terms of effective management of the operation of machines, but also as an important indicator that can be used in the design process and dimensioning of machines and devices. Any operating parameters that we can measure and record during operation of the machine are significant help for understanding of processes which are taking place in the process and by this can be used for further improvement of structure and function of a machines or devices. The following article deals with the monitoring of operating parameters of disintegrative machine. It also describes the measurement methodology and evaluation of measured data.


For a real sense of history, nothing beats the immediacy of a primary source. I'm sitting in the MD's office of the West Country engineering company Green & Carter Ltd simply mesmerised by a patent document of 1820. It's the name on the patent that's such a jolt to the system: Francoise Montgolfier, son of Joseph Montgolfier (famous as the inventor of the hot air balloon). Not that the patent has anything to do with the 70m-tall Chinese lantern employed by Joseph to send the first man skyward in 1783. It's for something completely different: an improved version of his ram pump, invented around 1797. Outside the confines of a patent office, the ram pump is the closest you'll ever get to a perpetual motion machine, capable of raising water to a height of 100m for years on end, fuelled solely by the power of a flowing water source. In a world of increasing water scarcity and rising energy costs, the ram pump shows every sign of having greater long-term practical benefits.


Cone Penetration Test (CPT) is one of the most popular in-situ test. Testing procedures and cone geometry are fixed by international well-recognized standards; usually a cone with an apex angle of 60° and a tip cross-section of 10 cm has been recommended. The use of mini-cone is not considered by these standards and its use was recommended by various researchers in order to enhance the capability of identifying thin layers. This paper shows and compares the experimental results obtained by using a standard cone and a mini-piezocone. Tests were carried out at Calendasco (Piacenza-Italy) in a natural soil deposit mainly consisting of clayey – sandy silts. Grain size distribution with depth was also available. Other tests were carried out at Cavezzo (Modena-Italy) where liquefaction-induced phenomena were observed during the 29th May 2012 seismic sequence. The purpose was to investigate capabilities and limitations of mini-piezocone and to explore the possibility of obtaining a better prediction of soil stratigraphy in thin layered deposits.


In a country governed by law,law is supreme.Investigation is dynamic and of conflict;it needs the law which is people-oriented especially.The people orientation contains "people",police,parties and citizen as well as basic rights and special rights.The law utterance of harmonious investigation needs self mechanism efc.


Objective To study the characteristics of pilots' electrocardiogram during parabolic flight. Method Dynamic electrocardiogram (DCG, CM 1 and CM 5 bipolar leads) were recorded in 13 pilots before, during and after parabolic flights. Result Preflight and postflight values of heart rate(HR)and cardiac rhythm were essentially the same in all cases, but HR increased to a higher level of 86.0±7.3 bpm with maximum of 137.0±12.2 bpm, and minimum of 57.7 ±6.6 bpm during parabolic flights.During flights,one pilot's cardiac rhythm changed slightly and in another pilot T wave became inverted. In other two pilots,ST segments shifted downward more than 0.1 mV transiently.All these pilots showed negative result in maximal exercise on the ground. Conclusion DCG could be used to evaluate the changes of cardiac electric activity during the whole parabolic flight.


Archaeological campaigns conducted during 2016 and 2017 at the site of Inqitat (Al Hamr al-Sharqiya), in the area of Khor Rori (Dhofar), produced an interesting assemblage of jewellery of various materials. The characteristics of the site are exceptional because they show traces of occupation from (prehistoric times)/ Prehistory right up to the Islamic period. Its geographical position(location), near Sumhuram, and its socio-political situation explain why bead assemblage here is so important. The use of particular stones indicates the presence of links with the area of the Persian Gulf and the Eastern part of the Indian Ocean. Furthermore, the discovery of some tools used for the production of the beads demonstrates a local production of some of these. The long life of the site could help to identify typical materials of each period thus allowing for a more complete comprehension of Dhofar and of the international connections of the area.


Textiles containing interposed layers of polyethylene oxide (PEO)‐fibrinogen and PEO‐thrombin fibers are explored as biomaterials for hemostasis. The PEO‐fibrinogen and PEO‐thrombin fibers are formed by contact drawing, an approach that uses an entangled polymer solution and a pin array to form fibers by extension of liquid bridges. The interposition of the PEO‐fibrinogen and PEO‐thrombin fibers results in polymerization of a fibrin hydrogel mesh once the textile is hydrated. This fibrin hydrogel mesh displays the expected bands and diffraction peaks by Fourier‐transform infrared spectromicroscopy and X‐ray diffraction, respectively. The functionality of the hemostatic textiles formed from the interposed PEO‐fibrinogen and PEO‐thrombin fibers is demonstrated by analyzing human blood hemolysis, complement activation, protein adsorption, and platelet and leukocyte adhesion, indicating compatibility with human blood (hemolysis ratio <5%), with minimal inflammatory response (levels of terminal complement complex equivalent to plasma). The cytocompatibility and potential for cell remodeling of the fibrin hydrogel mesh formed by this process is evaluated with human dermal fibroblasts and human keratinocytes and it is found that both cell types attach and grow on the fibrin mesh. Finally, a whole blood clotting time of less than 30 s suggests a potential use of this material in hemorrhage control.


iXblue and Airbus Defence and Space developed a space-grade optical transceiver to increase communication rate between geostationary (GEO) or low earth orbit (LEO) satellites and earth. First demonstration model which will be launched early 2023 on a geostationary satellite possesses 2 downlink channels working at 10 Gb/s in non-return to zero differential phase shift keying (NRZ-DPSK), and 3 uplink demodulation channels. Two of them are dedicated to analog signals around 1 GHz, and one is dedicated for digital on-off keying (OOK) signal at 10 Gb/s.


The preparation of polymers with morphology well determined in the nanometric range is one of the great challenges in the polymer science and technology. The possibility to prepare nanofibers (or nanofibers) brings the opportunity to produce polymers with new or reinforced properties. Many ways have been developed to synthesize polymeric nanofibers, for instance, the polymerization into media having large organic acids. The interfacial polymerization can also form nanofibers at an aqueous-organic interface. Hence, a great variety of "bottom-up" approaches, such as electrospinning, interfacial, seeding, and micellar, can be employed to obtain pure polymeric nanofibers. The preparation of nanostructured polymers by self-assembly with reduced post-synthesis processing warrants further applications, especially in the field of biotechnology and removable resources. The notable applications include tissue engineering, biosensors, filtration, wound dressings, drug delivery, and enzyme immobilization. In this chapter, the state-of-the-art results of synthesis, spectroscopic characterization, and applications of polyaniline nanofibers will be reviewed. The main goal of this work is to contribute to the rationalization of some important results obtained in this wonder area of polymeric nanofibers.


Educational Globalization debilitates the identities, the origins and cultural, religious, etymological, racial, and ethnic foundations— challenge a country's feeling of solidarity and cohesion. The incorporation of cultural beliefs and the ensuing generations' patterns into the society is an essential test of globalization. Neglecting to do so; however, will have long haul social ramification. The capacity to define a character that permits agreeable development between universes will be at the very heart of accomplishing a really "worldwide soul". This research provides insights into a critical question: How are identity and agency implicated in educational processes and outcomes? Thus, the paper discusses the role of educational institutions, led by the Fine Arts and Applied Arts, with its leading role in facing the educational globalization and the dominance of foreign countries on Arab societies in the way of clothing, food and even individual behaviors. Certainly, the young designers, in the university student age, are influenced by the wave of westernization they face day and night.


A new species of the perlid genus Marthamea Klapálek, M. bayae sp. n. from Algeria is described and illustrated based on the morphology of adults and larvae. This is the first known record for the genus from North Africa.


The Borehole Plugging (BHP) Program is a part of the Sandia experimental program to support the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP). The Sandia BHP program is an Office of Nuclear Waste Isolation (ONWI)-funded program designed to provide inputs to the generic plugging program while simultaneously acquiring WIPP-specific data. For this reason a close liaison is maintained between the Sandia WIPP project and the ONWI generic program. Useful technology developed within the Sandia BHP to support WIPP is made available and considered for further development and application to the generic Borehole Plugging and Repository Sealing Program at ONWI. The purpose of this report is to illustrate the usefulness of downhole television (DHTV) observations of a borehole to plan plugging operations. An indication of the wellbore conditions observed is provided. The equipment and setup procedure used in the evaluation of AEC-7 for the Bell Canyon test series are illustrated. A sequence of pictures at various depths as the DHTV rig is lowered through the wellbore is presented. Sample photographs taken with both dry and underwater lamps for illumination are included. The caliper logs for the same depth are included for comparison. General comments are provided on the illustrations.


I F the theory of the social contract "were judged by its fruits, on a pragmatic test of truth," Sir Ernest Barker has written, "it could bring to the bar of judgment a record of rich achievement."' Men have at various times acted upon the principles of the contract despite its deficiencies. Its hopelessly abstract and unhistorical qualities have not deterred them. They have employed the contract most often to justify the overthrow of one government and establishment of another, exercising the right of revolution which the theory permitted when a ruler transgressed natural law or violated the terms of the original contract.2 Primarily it is the number of such successful revolutions that constitutes the "record of rich achievement." The American Revolution carried forward this tradition of putting the ideas of the contract theory into practiced Its appeal to the contract as the principal justification for armed resistance is especially familiar. What is less frequently seen is the additional use of contractual principles to explain the process of separation from


The jet in cross flow (JICF) is a basic flowfield which is relevant to a wide variety of applications which are described to provide context for JICF investigations. Material consistent with the scope of topics presented at the 72nd AGARD Fluid Dynamics Panel Meeting and Symposium on Computational and Experimental Assessment of Jets in Cross Flow on 19-22 April 1993 in Winchester, U.K. is summarized. The JICF research was divided into three time periods: (1) early research - up to 1970, (2) research during the 1970's, and (3) research since 1980. The following areas of experimental activity are discussed; the definition of an effective correlation parameter; the jet flowfield including the jet trajectories, cross-section shape, and jet induced pressures; the effects of jet deflection angle, nozzle shape, pressure ratio, velocity decay, and temperature; and the effect of confined flowfield, ground effects, multiple jets, and adjacent surface geometry. In addition, computational methods are discussed including both potential flow based methods, some with empirical and semi-analytical extensions, and Navier-Stokes based computational fluid dynamics (CFD) investigations. Currently modern CFD methods have been able to compute many of the mean flow characteristics of the JICF. Existing CFD methods have not resolved the separated flow region in the near wake of the jet exit. There is also a need for high quality, extensive experimental data which will enable the verification of current and future CFD results and to define unsteady flow characteristics.


Mechanical properties of composites of recycled polypropylene filled with periwinkle shell powder were investigated. Periwinkle shells used in this study were thoroughly cleaned, ground and sieved to three particle sizes of 150, 300 and 425 μm respectively. Filler loadings of 0 to 25 wt% were used in compounding the composites in an injection moulding machine and the resulting composites were extruded as sheets. Some mechanical properties were determined. Results showed that periwinkle shell powder improved the tensile strength, flexural strength, tensile modulus and hardness of polypropylene composites. These properties were found to increase with filler loading up to 15 wt% or 20 wt% loading (optimal filler loading) but decrease with filler particle size. However, elongation at break was found to decrease with increasing filler loading. Highest tensile and flexural strengths were obtained at 15 and 20 wt% respectively at 150 μm particle size. It is therefore concluded that periwinkle shell powder is suitable for the production of polypropylene composites.


This paper presents a novel method of reference frame compression for use in H.264/AVC video codecs. The method comprises a predictive pattern decision for encoding of original 2times2 pixel blocks, selective step quantization and fast reconstruction of embedded patterns during the decoding. The proposed approach has a number of advantages over existing methods, such as random access to compressed data, a constant compression rate of 50% and low cost hardware-friendly implementation requiring less than 7 k gates. Experimental results indicate an acceptable quality loss of 0.47 dB on average for video resolutions from CIF to 720p and only 5-15% increase in total computational complexity for the software implementation.


The management modes of the aviation products engineering data version and the technological order issue are analysed,and then a new idea of the technological order version management based on the data issue control is given.The technological order version management flow is set.Finally,a solution how to use information technique is illustrated.


Some tropical fishes and also some wild animals and insects have strong stripe (zebra) patterns of vivid colors on their bodies. It is said those zebra stripes are so conspicuous that they conceal their body lines and consequently lower the probability for being caught by their predators. The aim of the present study was to verify the hypothesis that the zebra stripes really interferes the recognition of targets experimentally. A series of stimuli consisted of alphabets, "Hiragana (Japanese characters)", and figures, with and without zebra stripes (vertical or horizontal, and of three revels of spatial densities) of achromatic color were shortly presented one by one on the PC monitor and the reaction times for their recognition were obtained. The results are somewhat controversial, but generally tends to deny the above hypothesis, i.e. the targets with zebra stripes were easier to recognize than plain ones were. INTRODUCTION Some tropical fishes like Amphiprion clarkii and some wild animals like zebras, after which the title of this paper is named, have strong stripe(zebra) patterns of vivid colors on their bodies. The zebra patterns are so distinguished that they would divide the pattern of the body into several parts. This is why they are called "dividing color". They may make detection of the body by their predators difficult. Pastoureau argued that the zebra pattern may make the human eye difficult to divide the plane between the figure (focal plane) and the ground (background plane) which is considered important to recognize the object [1][2]. If the above logic can be applied to human recognition, it may be hypothesized that we have difficulty in reading the characters with zebra patterns or take longer times to recognize them than the characters without zebra patterns. In this study reaction times were obtained between the on-set when the stimulus is displayed and the on-set when the observer push the button recognizing the character. METHOD Apparatus and Stimuli: A PC tachistscope was used to present stimuli on the pc monitor and measure reaction times. The refresh rate of the monitor was 120Hz. So the recorded reaction times should be estimated with the errors of ±8 ms. The three kinds of stimuli, alphabets (W, X, Y, Z), "Hiragana (Japanese characters)", and figures (○,□,△,▽) with and without zebra stripes. The stripes were achromatic and of two orientations, vertical or horizontal, and of three revels of spatial densities (0.27, 0.54, and 0.95 cpd) for each orientation. The average luminance of the bright part of each stimulus was 42.9 O A 51


The energy embodied in construction services (EECS) to increase industrial production capacity, contributes to total primary energy consumption (TPEC) in developing countries like China. Forecasting EECS is important for creating energy policies, but has not received enough attention. There are some defects in the main two methods of EECS forecasting: the static hybrid input-output (HI/O) model and the dynamic HI/O model. The former cannot identify the quantity of construction services, whereas the latter is unstable for EECS forecasting. To tackle these problems, we propose a new model, which is a combination of the static and dynamic hybrid input-output model (CSDHI/O model), for EECS forecasting. Taking China as a case study, we forecast the EECS and TPEC of China until 2020 and analyze the sensitivities of four influencing factors. The results show that the EECS of China will reach 1.79 billion tons of coal equivalent in 2020. The improvement of fabrication level is identified as the most important factor for conserving both TPEC and EECS. A sudden drop in gross domestic product (GDP) growth rate and decreasing the investment in the service industry can also restrict EECS growth.


Objective To explore the expression of insulin-like growth factors and their receptor (IGF- I R) in a human colorectal cancer cell line HT-29, and the effect of two IGF- I R monoclonal antibodies on the biological behavior of HT-29 cell lines. Methods Immunohistochemistry was used to test the expression of IGF- I R in HT-29 cell lines. MTT assay was used to determine the anti-proliferation effects of IGF- I R monoclonal antibody (McAb). Apoptosis percentage was estimated by flow cytometry ( FCM). Results IGF- I R was expressed in the membranes of HT-29 cell lines. McAb of IGH- I R can inhibit the proliferation of HT-29 cell lines in a dose-dependent manner. The apoptosis rate of HT-29 cells treated by IGF- I R McAb was higher than that of control group (P 0. 01 ). Conclusions Blocking IGF- I R, IGF- I R McAb inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis of HT-29 cell lines.


INTRODUCTION: Suicide is usually interpreted as the failure of a person to face adversity, in which there are many other factors involved. That's why its analysis is complex and few studies on the subject exist. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to describe the profile of suicide victims for the autopsies in the Forensic Medical Service (FMS) of Concepcion during 2010. MATERIAL AND METHOD: This is a descriptive, retrospective and crosssectional study, with a non-probability sample of 64 consecutive autopsy reports of deaths by suicide, carried out in the FMS of Concepcion in 2010. The following variables were registered: gender, age, occupation, marital status, city of origin, previous attempts, previous letter and/or notice and morbid history. Data were tabulated in Microsoft Excel, later generating tables and graphs for segmental analysis. RESULTS: Of all autopsies performed in the FMS of Concepcion in 2010, 7.9% were suicides, of which 89.1% were male and 10.9% women. The average age was 41.35 years, mostly between 20-29 and 50-59 years, 50.8% were single and 33.3% married, 23.4% from Talcahuano and 15.6% from Concepcion, 60.9% had an occupation, 21.9% had warned of their intentions, 6.3% left a letter and 10.9% had previous attempts, 62.5% didn't have a psychiatric history and 64.1% didn't have history of medical illness. DISCUSSION: Compared to national statistics, the proportion by sex is similar, but there aren't works that study suicides in detail and provide information about the other factors studied in this work.


This article addresses the potential of the notion of crime prevention through social developmnent (CPSD) to contribute to the creation and implementation of a comprehensive crime prevention strategy. CPSD shares the commitment to a proactive orientation, community participation and partnerships which are common to all versions of prevention. However, the concept incorporates different options.The article discusses three: the developmental version, with its focus on persistent delinquents; the social version with its concentration on rates of crime and victimization; and the communtiy version, with its concern with the problem of mobilization for action.The article concludes that a synthesis of these approaches is possible, but that this is not the equivalent of a comprehensive strategy; other elements must be included.


Porosity decreases with depth in sedimentary basins, owing to the combined effects of compaction and cementation. The porosity profile in any individual well depends on the maximum effective stress, which is generally determined by the maximum burial depth. As a result, present-day porosity profiles can be interpreted in terms of maximum burial depth and subsequent uplift. Using sonic logs and porosity measurements in cored wells, we adapt a method of calculating porosity in siliciclastic rocks from sonic logs and compare it with several other algorithms relating sonic velocity and porosity. We then calculate porosity from sonic logs in wells within and adjacent to the National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska (NPRA). Evaluating the shale-rich Early Cretaceous Torok Formation, we observe that the porosity-depth relation can be represented by one or two straight lines in each well. The porosity-depth lines are offset among wells in different areas within the northern NPRA, reflecting differences in uplift along the Barrow Arch. When the line segments are replotted in terms of porosity against vitrinite reflectance instead of present-day depth, the trends from areas within the coastal plain nearly coalesce, showing that the effect of maximum burial depth explains much, but not all, of the differences in the porosity profiles. Relative to a single offshore well where zero uplift is assumed to have occurred, estimates of uplift along the Barrow Arch range from less than 1,000 ft just east of the NPRA to 4,600 ft at Point Barrow. In the foothills of the southern NPRA, the computational method can provide only minimum estimates of uplift, which are less than, but compatible with, estimates of uplift based on the apatite fission-track method. The porosity gradients in wells in the northern NPRA (coastal plain and near offshore) are similar to those in wells in other areas calculated by other workers: about 3 percent per 1,000 ft. In the southern NPRA (foothills), porosity gradients are lower than in the northern NPRA — that is, porosity decreases less rapidly with depth in the foothills (approx 1 percent per 1,000 ft) than in the coastal plain (max 12 percent per 1,000 ft). An explanation of the wide variation in porosity gradients in the NPRA awaits a better understanding of the evolution of pore pressure and effective stress within the context of the burial and uplift history of the Colville Basin. Introduction The goals of this study are to estimate present-day porosity as a constraint on basin-modeling efforts and to constrain estimates of regional uplift and erosion on the basis of the variation in porosity gradients. In this study, we include data from all wells within the National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska (NPRA) that have sonic logs, a few wells close to the east boundary of the NPRA, and four offshore wells, for a total of 40 wells (fig. 1; table 1). Most wells within the NPRA were drilled during the years 1975–81 by the U.S. Government. Well density is adequate along the north coastline and the southeastern NPRA but poor elsewhere, owing to the small number of wells and the absence of sonic logs in the early (1944–53) NPRA drilling program. Core porosity measurements were available from 17 wells distributed over the NPRA and in one offshore well. The depth ranges and formation names are listed in table 2, along with gamma-ray values and sonic traveltimes from well logs, averaged over the same depth ranges as the core data. Formations range in age from Mississippian to Cretaceous. Porosity measurements were included from clastic intervals but not from carbonates. Core porosities in unconfined samples from the Nanushuk Formation, Torok Formation, and Kemik Sandstone, all of Cretaceous age, were adjusted by multiplying the measured value by 0.86, a reduction factor that we obtained from core tests on confined, stressed samples. Porosities in formations deeper than the Kemik Sandstone were not adjusted. Sonic velocity is plotted against core porosity in figure 2, keyed to formation. Younger (Brookian) sedimentary rocks plot below older (Ellesmerian) sedimentary rocks, and samples from the Kingak Shale fall between the two. The method of converting sonic well-log data to porosity is based on an analysis of the data plotted in figure 2 and listed in table 2. The algorithm used by Issler (1992) for shales is extended herein to all siliciclastic rocks. Because several methods of converting sonic logs to porosity are available, we compare the algorithm used in this paper with others reported in the literature. After establishing a method of calculating porosity and comparing it with other methods, we next examine the porosity-depth trends in shales of the Torok Porosity-Depth Trends and Regional Uplift Calculated from Sonic Logs, National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska By Philip H. Nelson and Kenneth J. Bird Formation, a thick and areally extensive marine mudstone of Early Cretaceous age, with the purpose of estimating uplift and erosion within and adjacent to the NPRA. Issler (1992) calculated porosity in shales from sonic logs and used the resulting porosity-depth trends to infer uplift and overpressure in the Beaufort-Mackenzie Basin of northwestern Canada, an area comparable in size to the NPRA. The plot of porosity versus depth in figure 3 summarizes the average porosity-depth trends for rocks of Late Cretaceous and Tertiary age in five areas of the Beaufort-Mackenzie Basin. Porosities in the inner delta (area 3), an area interpreted to have little or no uplift since the time of maximum burial, fall along the trend shown by the red curve. Porosities in the central and outer shelves (areas 1, 2) are higher at a given depth than in the inner delta, a fact attributed to overpressuring caused by rapid deposition. Porosities in the main, western, and southern deltas (areas 4, 5) are lower at a given depth than in the inner delta. The upward and leftward shift of the porosity-depth curves is attributed to uplift and erosion (arrow, fig. 3). Other workers have used straight-line segments to represent porosity-depth trends in shales. Hunt and others (1998) presented porosity profiles in shales based on the uptake of an organic liquid by dried, evacuated shale cuttings. They demonstrated that, for porosities less than 35 percent, two straight-line segments provide a better fit to the data from Tertiary sections in the U.S. gulf coast than does a single exponential curve. The upper linear trends persist until the porosity decreases to about 10 percent; below this depth, shale porosity tends to remain constant (fig. 4). In two wells, Hunt and others calculated porosity gradients of 3.3 percent per 1,000 ft, close to those determined by Issler (1992). Porosity gradients in other wells plotted in figure 4 are as low as 1.04 percent per 1,000 ft. Estimation of Porosity from Sonic Velocity Sonic logs are generally presented in terms of "traveltime" (∆t), which is a reciprocal velocity expressed in units of microseconds per foot. Other terms for traveltime are slowness and transit time. Traveltime is readily convertible to velocity; the sonic velocity v is given by 10/∆t ft/s (304.8/∆t km/s). Figure . National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska (NPRA), showing locations of wells in areas A through G used in this study. Barrow Arch


Abstract The purpose of this article is to discuss the assessment component of the Competency and Confidence Project (C^2). C^2 was a collaborative effort between the Colorado School of Mines (CSM) and the Jefferson County School District (JCS). CSM provided the project experts in mathematics content and instructional pedagogy; JCS provided expert mathematics teachers. These individuals worked together to create the C^2 workshops. ********** Teachers are being asked to select or create classroom assessment tasks and scoring rubrics that are consistent with district, state and national standards. Researchers have argued that in order for teachers to meet these requests, they will need additional training in the assessment process (Brookhart, 1999; Stiggins, 1999). Stiggins (1999) has further argued that the focus of traditional teacher training is inadequate in that it emphasizes the interpretation of standardized tests rather than classroom assessment efforts. The purpose of this article is to discuss the assessment component of the Competency and Confidence Project (C^2). C^2, which was partially supported by Colorado Eisenhower funds, was a collaborative effort between the Colorado School of Mines (CSM) and Jefferson County School District (JCS). Both CSM and JCS are located near Denver, Colorado. CSM offered expertise in mathematics content and instructional pedagogy; JCS provided expert mathematics teachers. These individuals worked together to create the C^2 workshops. A portion of this project focused directly upon assisting teachers in developing assessment tasks and scoring instruments that were consistent with the district's algebra standard, "Students use algebraic methods to explore, model, and describe patterns and functions involving numbers, shapes, data, and graphs in problem-solving situations and communicate with appropriate mathematical language and reasoning used in solving these problems" (Jefferson County Public Schools, 1996, p. 10). Participating Teachers In response to a printed solicitation, twenty-eight fourth through sixth grade mathematics teachers enrolled in C^2 in the fall of 1998. All of the teachers were from JCS. The experience level of the teachers ranged from 1-28 years, with a median of 11 years. Objectives of the Assessment Component of Project C^2 consisted of a series of workshops that were designed to improve teachers' content and pedagogical knowledge with respect to the mathematics that they taught. A major emphasis of the pedagogical workshops was classroom assessment. Four eight-hour, pedagogical workshops were offered throughout the semester. The primary objectives of the assessment component of these workshops are listed below. Pedagogical Workshop 1: 1. The teachers will be able to create assessment tasks that are clearly aligned with the algebra standard. Pedagogical Workshop 2: 2. The teachers will learn to create rubrics in which the scoring criteria are consistent with the information that the assessment task is likely to elicit from students. 3. The teachers will develop rubrics in which the performance levels are clearly distinguishable. 4. The teachers will provide to their students feedback that can be used to improve future performances. Pedagogical Workshop 3: 5. The teachers will learn the meaning of the terms "validity" and "reliability" and these concepts will be used to reinforce the information discussed in previous workshops. Pedagogical Workshop 4: 6. The teachers will be aware of the standardized tests that will be administered throughout the academic year. Submitted Materials During each of the four workshops, three hours was set aside for teamwork. These teams developed a lesson plan, an assessment activity and a rubric that was aligned with the algebra standard. …


Information and communications technology (ICT) has become a very important feature in the agricultural sector in contemporary times. Even though it is still a new concept, an increasing number of professionals are appreciating its use for development work. Subject matter specialists are important stakeholders in the development of agriculture. It is therefore pertinent that they should be abreast with modern information and communication technologies so as to discharge their duties more effectively. This study examines extent of use of information communication technologies by subject matter specialists. Data was obtained from subject matter specialists of Kvks of MPUAT Udaipur, with the help of questionnaire. Information collected showed that subject matter specialists were frequently used ICT tool. Majority of respondents (100%) used computer/mobile phone, Internet and e-mail (80%), still video camera and CD/VCD (50–60%), once in a week, once in fortnight, once in month or on occasion.


This report presents a conceptual Thermal Treatment Technologies Feasibility Study (FS) for the Savannah River Site (SRS) focusing exclusively on thermal treatment technologies for contaminated soil, sediment, or sludge remediation projects.


Two isolated-word speaker-independent recognition systems are based on non-stationary representations of the speech signal. The first system is based on a time-varying linear prediction model. This recognition system is distinguishable by incorporation of the model and appropriate extension of the log likelihood ratio (LLR) distortion measure. The second system is based on the lattice model represented by time-varying reflection coefficients In this System, the distortion measure used is the Euclidean distance. In order to support this system properly, the extension of the LLR was modified.<<ETX>>


Abstract Introduction Tracheostomy is a commonly performed procedure in critically ill patients requiring prolonged mechanical ventilation. However, nationwide practice patterns for the role of a tracheostomy in critically ill burn patients have not been well described. Methods A 25-question Qualtrics online survey was distributed by the American Burn Association (ABA) to their physician members. Questions pertained to practitioner demographics, indications, type of tracheostomy performed, and timing of procedure. The questionnaire further ascertained how presence of inhalation injury and Total Body Surface Area (TBSA) influence timing of tracheostomy; if concurrent percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tubes were performed, and whether enteral feeds were held prior to tracheostomy. Results Thirty-seven surgeons responded to the survey and worked primarily at ABA verified academic burn centers. Open tracheostomy was performed more frequently than percutaneous tracheostomy (73% vs 27%). Eighty-three percent of surgeons deferred concomitant PEG despite healthy overlying skin due to the belief that a patient would eventually pass a swallow evaluation (74%). Tube feeds were routinely held by 67% of surgeons, most commonly 6 or 8 hours prior. The most common indication for tracheostomy was prolonged mechanical ventilation. Fifty-four percent of surgeons routinely perform a tracheostomy through open uninfected 2nd degree neck burns. As for 3rd degree neck burns, 35% will perform a tracheostomy only after excision and grafting. For patients requiring prolonged mechanical ventilation 35% of surgeons had no standard time frame for tracheostomy regardless of TBSA. For mechanically ventilated patients with >20% TBSA burns (excluding neck burns), 40% performed early tracheostomy (0-7 days) and 24% performed delayed tracheostomy (8+days). For ventilated patients with inhalational injuries and TBSA < 20%, 35% had no standard time frame, 16% performed early tracheostomy and 49% performed delayed tracheostomy. Conclusions A national tendency toward open tracheostomy, deferring concomitant PEG, and holding tube feeds 6-8 hours prior to tracheostomy was identified. Patients with TBSA >20% seem to undergo earlier tracheostomy more frequently, whereas those with TBSA < 20% with inhalational injury more frequently undergo delayed tracheostomy. Although TBSA appears to impact timing of tracheostomy, evidence based guidelines are lacking to guide clinical practice and additional studies are needed. Applicability of Research to Practice Survey results infer practice patterns favoring consideration toward early tracheostomy for patients with >20% TBSA burns requiring prolonged mechanical ventilation.


During extravasation and within lymph nodes (LNs), blood lymphocytes interact with laminins (Lms), major components of vascular basement membranes (BMs) and of reticular fibers (RFs), a fibrillar extracellular matrix. However, the identity and role of these laminin isoform(s) are poorly known. By using confocal microscopy examination of human LNs, we show that BMs of high endothelial venules (HEVs) express laminin α3, α4, α5, β1, β2, and γ1 chains and that the same chains, in addition to α2, are found in RFs. In functional studies with laminin isoforms covering all Lm α chains, α5‐laminin (Lm‐511) was the most adhesion‐ and migration‐promoting isoform for human blood lymphocytes, followed by α3‐ (Lm‐332) and α4‐ (Lm‐411) laminins, and the lymphocytes used the α6β1 integrin as the primary receptor for the α5‐laminin. Moreover, Lm‐511 strongly costimulated T cell proliferation, and blood lymphocytes were able to secrete α4‐ and α5‐laminins following stimulation. The LN cell number in laminin α4‐deficient mice compared with wild‐type did not differ significantly. This study demonstrates a predominant role for α5‐laminin(s) in blood lymphocyte biology and identifies LN laminins and their integrin receptors in blood lymphocytes.


Solar power generation is exhibiting a distributed development trend, and has changed conventional characteristics of power supply and consumption. The integration of large-scale distributed photovoltaic (PV) generation forms high-penetration PV clusters in distribution networks, which aims to organize and control geographically scattered resources. However, due to the inherent uncertainty, high-penetration PV clusters are suffering from random disturbances and serious voltage risks. Besides, integrating system via power electronic interfaces, PV generation usually tracks system frequency without any backup and regulation capacity, which poses significant challenges to system operation, and requires greater flexibility of voltage control. In fact, by using appropriate methods, PV inverters can autonomously regulate reactive power output in a distributed manner to improve voltage profiles in clusters. In this article, a distributed voltage control method for PV generation clusters is presented to realize decentralized coordination of PV inverters. Based on matrix splitting and approximate Newton method, it can fast respond to reactive power mismatch and realize voltage profiles optimization. Exhibiting a more efficient, reliable and flexible performance than existing decentralized methods in case studies, the proposed method is demonstrated to effectively organize and control PV cluster to provide corresponding reactive power support and exert friendly effect on system operation.


Abstract: This type research was aims to determine the implementation of a comprehensive program of guidance and conseling in developing the potential of students at MTs Avicenna Sunan Bonang. This type of research is a qualitative descriptive study by collecting data about guidance and conseling services carried out by conseling guidance teachers in developing student potential. he result of this study indicates that study indicate that the implementation of a comprehensive program of guidance and conseling is appropriate in developing the potential of students at MTs Avicenna Sunan Bonang.


It has been established that a cationic rhodium(I)/binap complex catalyzes the cross-cyclotrimerization of two molecules of a monosubstituted allene with one molecule of a functionalized alkyne to give 3,6-dialkylidenecyclohex-1-enes. In contrast, the reactions involving di- or trisubstituted allenes and/or unfunctionalized alkynes afforded cross-dimerization products, substituted dendralenes, through β-hydrogen elimination from the corresponding rhodacycles.


1456 A Survey of Paediatricians Practices and Knowledge About Pneumococcal Vaccines in High Risk Children Before the Era of Universal Immunisation


Objective: In our study temperaments,characters and general psychopathology of adults applied to smoking quitting outpatient clinics and nonsmoking control group were compared; relation between quitting and general psychopathology, severity of addiction was aimed to be determined.
Material and Method: 68 adults between 18-65 of age diagnosed as Nicotine Dependent according to DSM-IV criteria who applied to smoking outpatient clinics for quitting smoking were taken to the study. Social demographic form, a semistructrured form formed by researchers to get information related to cigarette smoking, Fagerstorm nicotine dependence test, symptom control list (SCL-90R), Hamilton Depression Scale (HAM-D), Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAM-A) and Temperament and Character Inventory were given to the study group. Data was analyzed with SPSS 17.00. 6 months later patients were called to assess whether they were smoking or not. Temperaments, characters, general psychopathology and severity of addiction of quitting and nonquitting group were determined.
Results: In smoking group SCL (Somatization), SCL (Depression), SCL (Anxiety), SCL (Hostility), SCL (Additional items), SCL (Phobia) and SCL general assessment scores were significantly high. Total NS (Novelty seeking), total HA (Harm Avoidance) scores of smoking group, total S (Self Directedness), total P (Persistence), total C (Cooperativeness) scores of control group were significantly high. ST (Self Transcendence) and RD (Reward dependence) scores were similiar between groups. Severe and mild nicotine addicts were similiar in terms of temperament and character traits. There was no significant difference between smoking quitting and nonquitting groups in terms of psychopathology. There was no relation between quitting and severity of addiction.
Conclusion: Detailed psychiatric assessments of nicotine addicts who apply for treatment should be done and personalized treatments should be planned according to their temperament and character traits.