exist, but only as a consequence of an overall program which concerns every child's musical education. The chapters which have the greatest significance for basic music education are those dealing with the child's use of music as a means of self expression and creative activity through manipulation of tonal materials. Chapter VII, "Creative Efforts in Singing and Music Instruction," deals specifically with this central feature in the program of the progressive European music educators of whom Schoch is one of the leading figures. In this creative approach to music teaching lies, perhaps, the solution to the problem of interesting the child in music, or rather, of retaining the child's interest in music, for it is certain that children do not come to their first music lessons with a lack of interest, but rather that they leave them with their real interests dampened if not completely extinguished. In the closing paragraph of Chapter VII Schoch sums up his philosophy' of successful music teaching: "YOUTH WANTS TO DO THINGS. Youth wants to form life itself; wants to live by its own responsibility. Therefore all those things which appeal to this desire interest youth, such as boys and girls clubs, scouts, airplane flying, sports in general. Something of this searching, introspection, self discovery, 'to get behind the secrets,' is to be found also in a living experience in, and a creative presentation of, music instruction. In this form It will speak more significantly to· youth, and particularly to the young boy, than mere drill, It wiIl appeal to the youngster just at THE very time in his development when every attempt to force, to drill, and to recommend ls opposed. Creative music instruction will still be able for this same reason to captivate the imagination of youth at the time of puberty and therefore be of greatest educational significance and assistance." The entire book Is filled with useful and stlmulatlngsuggestions and Information that would repay the reading many times over. Lacking an English translation it can be polnted out that, unlike many German books, the language and style of writing is a model of direct simplicity. Even a modest knowledge of German would suffice for gaining an understanding of Herr Schoch's valuable contribution to music education.


T HE subject to be considered-in certain of its aspects~ in this article may be Justly described as one of the perennial, as it is one of the most important problems of human thought. It is a problem that has engaged the attention, and called forth the dialectical powers, of some of the world's greatest thinkers-one that has often provoked long and bitter controversy (especially in theology) and concerning which much has been written, chiefly from the opposed standpoints of Determinism and Libertarianism. Indeed, the literature of the' subject is extensive and voluminous enough to suggest that it is both impossible and unnecessary to add to it. Through centuries of speculation· the question of Freewill has been considered by men of almost every school and type of thoughtby moralists and theologians, by psychologists and metaphysicians; -so much 'so indeed that one recent writer asserts, with pardonable exaggeration, that "the history of the problem of the will is almost the history of philosophy" itself.1 It cannot •. of course, be said that any generally accepted or completely . satisfactory solution of this vexed problem has been propounded. On the contrary, there seems to be no subject of philosophic and religious import upon which competent thinkers have' . differed so much as upon this one. Ever since the rise of the -rival philosophies of Stoicism and Epicureanism (the one championing Necessity and the other advocating Freedom), men whose intellectual ability and critical acumen are above suspicion have, like the fallen angels in Milton's great epic, debated the' pros and cons of "fixed fate, freewill, fore-knowledge absolute ". !lnd have, too, like their angelic predecessors, "found no end, in wandering mazes lost." Indeed, it is surprising how thinkers of the most diverse schools of thought are to be found occupying common ground on this question; e.g., Christian Theology and Empiricist Scepticism can be one in their attitude to this thorny problem, for Augustine and Calvin, Jonathan Edwards and Thomas Chalmers, seem to fall into the same ranks as David Hume, J. S. Mill, and Alexander Bain; and again, both Leslie Stephen, the .Evolutionist moralist, and T_ H. Green, the Idealist metaphysician, claim to be determinists, though of course in different senses. It is, therefore, not to be wondered


Abstract Methane is the second most important greenhouse gas which contributes to global warming. As an important source of methane, rice paddy fields contribute an estimated lO% to the global methane emissions (IPCe 1992). Land use and agricultural practices significantly affect atmospheric methane fluxes (Bouwman 1989; Hutsch et al. 1994). Microbial oxidation of atmospheric methane in terrestrial environments is the only known net biological methane sink and the process consumes the equivalent of 1–l0% of the total global emission (Adamsen and King 1993). Methane-oxidizing bacteria (MOB, methanotrophic bacteria) are considered to be obligately or facultatively aerobic respiratory bacteria that can utilize methane as the sole source of carbon and energy for growth (Hanson et al. 1992; Roslev and King 1994). As a result, they are important regulators of atmospheric methane fluxes in nature (Mancinelli 1995). MOB have been isolated from a variety of environments including freshwater lakes, wetlands, and th...


Ornithologists have recently shown considerable interest in determining the sex ratios of birds, particularly on the breeding grounds. Field counts are possible only for sexually dimorphic species. Investigators working on monomorphic species have therefore turned to the data accompanying museum specimens. The method of collecting these specimens is usually unknown, and may bias the sex ratio, as I will show. In 1971 I collected a number of Franklin's Gulls (Larus pipixcan) in the vicinity of Agassiz National Wildlife Refuge, Marshall County, Minnesota. The gulls were collected during May and June at or within 8 km of a breeding colony of 10,000-15,000 pairs of gulls (see Burger, Anim. Behav. 22:521-567, 1974). Birds were collected by three methods; nest-trapping (Burger, Bird-Banding 42:123124, 1971), shooting, and netting birds that were feeding behind a plow. I used all three methods only to increase my sample of specimens. I nest-trapped between 09:00 and 11:00 throughout the incubation period. Shooting and netting were done on the same days and in the same two fields where 200-500 gulls were feeding. A local farmer


Though it is well accepted that hydrology, soil temperature, and soil reducing conditions are critical controlling factors in determining growing season and wetland status, inadequate data exist on regional scales. Even less is known about the temporal and spatial variability in these controlling factors in different landscape positions and hydric regimes. Hence, there is a need to develop more appropriate and reliable scientific-based data on wetland hydrology, soil temperature, and soil redox potential within specific regions. In addition, relationships between long-term measurements of these controlling factors and indicators of their presence or absence need to be established. Consequently, a study was undertaken to determine the correspondence between wetland hydrology, soil temperature, and soil redox potential, and ultimately, the expression of these factors in the form of field indicators. |The goal of the study was to identify the variation in hydrologic and soil conditions across hydrogeomorphic gradients in the southern Piedmont physiographic province, USA. Research objectives were to identify predominant subclasses of riverine systems, determine the correspondence between hydrology, soil temperature, and soil redox potential within the subclasses, establish relationships between measured parameters and indicators of federal wetland jurisdiction, and propose additional research needs. |The study was conducted at two different scales: regional and intensive. The regional study consisted primarily of identifying subclasses of Piedmont riverine wetlands, indicators of federal wetland jurisdiction, and comprehensive vegetational surveys. Relationships were developed between soil properties and hydrologic indicators as compared to vegetative response. The intensive survey was initiated based on the findings of the regional study and included automated instrumentation designed to measure water table, air and soil temperature, and soil redox potential. |Based on hydrogeomorphic settings, water source and transport, hydrodynamics, particle size distribution, and mineralogy, four subclasses of Piedmont riverine systems were identified: overbank, depression, fine seep, and coarse seep. Excellent correspondence between hydrophytic vegetation and redoximorphic features such as masses, pore linings, chroma of 2 or less, and concretions was observed. However, the correspondence between hydrophytic vegetation and hydrologic indicators such as water-stained leaves, drift, and deposition was fair. |A regional dimensionless rating curve specific to the Piedmont was found to be useful in determining flood frequency and discharge onto adjacent riverine wetlands. Flood frequency and discharge were observed to be dependent on channel capacity and geomorphology. |Mean, minimum, and maximum soil temperature at all depths could be estimated annually and during any season from mean air temperature by simple linear regression. A lower air temperature was required to reduce the soil temperature at the overbank and forested seep to…


Background Aging is an essential national condition throughout China in the 21st century. Cardio-cerebral vascular disease (CCVD) is a common chronic vascular disease in the elderly. Despite aging becoming an increasingly pressing issue, there has been no comprehensive national investigation into the risk factors, prevalence, and management of CCVD among the elderly population in China. Materials and methods Through the 4th Survey of the Aged Population in Urban and Rural China (SSAPUR), a nationally representative sample of 224,142 adults aged more than 60 years was surveyed using a multistage, stratified sampling method. The 4th SSAPUR was used to investigate CCVD in the elderly. Univariate and multivariate logistic proportional regression analyses explored the risk factors. These risk factors were then entered into a multivariate linear regression model to identify independent predictive factors for CCVD. Disease management was assessed from the self-reported history of physician diagnosis, treatments, and hospital visits among individuals with CCVD. Results After excluding samples with missing information, 215,041 individuals were included in the analysis. The overall prevalence of CCVD was 26%. Living in a rural area, being older, being female, having low literacy, smoking, getting little sleep, losing a spouse, being single, not getting enough exercise, having a bad financial situation, and not taking part in public welfare programs were the main risk factors for CCVD among the elderly in China (P < 0.05). In the multivariate linear regression model, holding all other variables at any fixed value, CCVD remained associated with "urban and rural" (β = 0.012, P < 0.001), "age" (β = −0.003, P < 0.001), "sex" (β = −0.022, P < 0.001), "education level" (β = −0.017, P < 0.001), "marriage" (β = 0.004, P = 0.047), "smoking" (β = 0.012, P = 0.003), "drinking" (β = −0.015, P = 0.001), and "sleep" (β = 0.008, P = 0.005). There were no collinearity problems among these factors. Conclusion Major risk factors for prevalent CCVD among the elderly in China include the following: rural residence, female, low literacy level, poor sleep quality, bereavement, non-marriage, living alone, lack of exercise, poor financial situation, and non-participation in public welfare activities. Chinese national policies for preventing, controlling, and managing risk factors for CCVD in the elderly must be urgently developed.


Researchers at the NASA Lewis Research Center have developed a guideline for the interface thickness necessary for SiCFiber/SiCMatrix composites to demonstrate good composite properties. These composite materials have potential commercial applications for high-temperature structural components such as engine hot sections. Several samples of each were composed from three different small-diameter (less than 20 μm), polymerderived SiC fibers that were woven into two-dimensional cloths and laid up as preforms. The preforms were treated with a chemical-vapor-infiltrated boron nitride layer as an interfacial coating on the fiber surfaces to provide the necessary debonding characteristics for successful composite behavior. Then, the preforms were filled with additional SiC as a matrix phase.


It has been reported that the combined administration of cholinergic and purinergic antagonists totally suppresses the response to hypoxia observed in co-cultures of glomus cells from carotid bodies (CBs) with sensory ganglion neurons from nodose-petrosal complex of rats (Zhang et al., 2000). This suggests that ACh and ATP are the excitatory co-transmitters involved in CB chemoexcitation by hypoxia, and would explain the failure of previous attempts to block CB chemoreceptor activity by separate applications of cholinergic or purinergic antagonists. We studied the effect of combined cholinergic-purinergic block on CB preparations in situ, in adult cats anaesthetized with sodium pentobarbitone 40 mg/kg I.P., and supplemented I.V. as required. Cats breathed spontaneously through a cannula inserted per os, connected to a pneumotachograph to measure airflows, which were integrated to obtain ventilatory volumes. The thyroid artery was retrogradely catheterized to perform intracarotid (I.C.) injections of ACh, nicotine and epibatidine, and ATP, β,γ-methylene-ATP and γ-S-ATP as cholinergic and purinergic agonists, respectively, and mecamylamine and suramine, as their respective antagonists, all given in 0.1 ml boluses. Changes in ventilatory tidal volume (VT) were studied in preparations where the ipsilateral carotid (sinus) nerve was intact (n=7); changes in the frequency of chemosensory nerve discharges (fχ) were recorded in preparations where this nerve had been cut (n=8). Hypoxic stimulation was performed by : (a) breathing 100% N2 for 5, 10 and 15 s, resulting in increases of VT to 138%, 195% and 232%, respectively; (b) breathing 17.5, 15.0, 12.5, 10.0, 7.5 and 5.0% O2 for 1 min periods, resulting in increases of fχ from basal levels of 55 ± 8 Hz (mean ± SEM) to maxima of 210 Hz. Cats were killed by an overdose of pentobarbitone given I.V. at the end of experiments. Nicotine (0.1-200 μg) evoked dose-dependent increases in VT (up to 280%) as in fχ (up to 580 Hz) were abolished by 7.5 mg I.C. mecamylamine, while ATP (1-1000 μg) induced dosedependent increases in fχ (up to 96 Hz) and, at higher doses, abrupt rises in VT (up to 185%), were blocked by 1 mg I.C. suramine. The combined administration of both antagonists blocked entirely the chemosensory and reflex actions of their respective analogues, but failed to suppress the increases in chemosensory nerve discharges or the ventilatory reflex responses elicited by the hypoxic stimuli. Thus, present results indicate that the chemosensory response to hypoxia observed in CBs in situ is not exclusively mediated by co-activation of cholinergic and purinergic mechanisms. Zhang M. et al (2000) J. Physiol. 525 : 143-158


The ancient Greeks likened people who withdrew into themselves, were slow, and had a distant and frowning expression, to those who had consulted the holy oracle of Trophonius in Lebadeia about what was to happen to them in the future. King Croesus of Lydia consulted it about his expedition against the Persians (Herodotus I), Mardonius about his war against the Athenians (Herodotus VIII), the Thebans in the war against the Spartans (Pausanias IV) before the battle of Leuctra. Others consulted the oracle about their spiritual and mental state. There is evidence that among them were men who were concerned with psychological or metaphysical problems, a preoccupation which sometimes indicates the presence of psychological disorder. Timarchus, to whom we shall refer later, belongs to this category.


In order to promote the constitutional politics, we make a point of reexamining and re-realizing the political background of the modern trend of thought of humanitarianism and human rights, and absorbing some constructive things from the existentialism,the Western Marxism,Heidegger′s rational transcending towards humanitarianism and using them for the reference for the construction of socialist humanitarianism of our country.


Description of organization. Public access to information and records. Program requirements. Submission of proposed urban arterial trust account projects to transportation improvement board. Submission of proposed transportation improvement account projects to transportation improvement board. Submission of proposed public transportation systems account projects to transportation improvement board. Statewide competitive and enhancement programs. Route jurisdiction transfer rules and regulations. Requirements for route jurisdiction transfer requests. Central Puget Sound public transportation account, public transportation systems account, and surface transportation programs.


Separation is an undesired flow feature in many engineering cases. Usually it implies a loss of lift, an increase of drag, diminished pressure recovery etc. Therefore, a considerable amount of research has been devoted to the control of flow separation and many possibilities to achieve separation control have been investigated. Among the most popular are shaping as a passive means and suction, blowing and wall movement as active control methods. While passive means naturally do not produce any running costs, achievable improvements are modest and performance under off-design conditions is mostly poor. Active control methods may be adjusted to actual operating conditions, but require additional power, i.e. running costs. If the fluid in question is electrically conductive, an additional active control possibility is given by the application of a Lorentz force F. This electromagnetic body force results from the vector product of the magnetic induction B and the current density j:


Integral identities that hold between ``desired'' and ``comparison'' solutions of the radial Dirac equations for scattering processes are considered. Applications of these identities are discussed, particularly the determination of bounds to variational calculations of K-matrix elements.


Introducing quality assurance programmes means change. The author examines what may have to change and suggests a change strategy based on the idea of an equation. He points out how the World Health Organisation is supportive of Quality Assurance.


The evolution of models for star formation in galaxies with disk and halo components is discussed. Two phases for the halo (gas and stars) and three for the disk (including clouds) are used in these calculations. The star-formation history is followed using nonlinear phase-coupling models which completely determine the populations of the phases as a function of time. It is shown that for a wide range of parameters, including the effects of both spontaneous and stimulated star formation and mass exchange between the spatial components of the system, the observed chemical history of the galaxy can easily be obtained. The most sensitive parameter in the detailed metallicity and star-formation history for the system is the rate of return of gas to the diffuse phase upon stellar death. 36 references.


We propose in this study a characterization of the temperature and of the heat flux density within a material tow disposed in cylindrical. The study is carried under dynamic frequency regime. By thermal-electrical analogy, the thermal impedance of the material is determined. The profiles of temperature curves, of heat flow density and thermal impedance allow us to appreciate the tow material behavior in insulation. The tow is made of plant fibers (sisal, jute, hemp).


The paper surveyed the social intelligence of 1110 secondary school students in Vietnam according to five dimensions:Situational Awareness;Presence; Authenticity; Clarity andEmpathydefined by K.Albrecht.The results showed that thesocial intelligence according to surveyed competencies reached an above-average level and had a moderate and close correlation, in which the impact of empathy kept a more important role.There was no statistically significant difference in the level of students' social intelligence by sex, locality, birth order and study/practice performance. In addition, the survey results identified models that predict the impacts of factors of communication style, communication trends and temperament of students as well as communication andlearning from others on their social intelligence.


Objective To have a knowledge about antibacterial drugs used for patients with upper respiratory tract infection with fever in our hospital.Method Medical records and follow-up data of 1469 patients with upper respiratory tract infection with fever in our hospital were collected from January 2011 to August 2011 and their treatments were analyzed.Results Among the 1 469 patients,there were 826 ones using antibacterial drugs,which accounted for 56.23% of the total patients,wherein the usage rate of cephalosporin came first,reaching as high as 54.12%,followed by quinolones and macrolides antibacterial drugs.The examination rate of routine blood test and chest radiograph was 2.31% and 0.54% respectively.Average cost of treatment was only 26.15 Yuan,but the effective rate of treatment was 99.00%.Conclusion The utilization rate of antibacterial drugs is relatively high in our hospital,which could easily lead to drug-resistant strains.However,these antibacterial drugs achieve good treatment effects with cheap prices and play a positive role in treating upper respiratory tract infection.


Two new derivatives based on an s-triazine structural motif were synthesized by attaching two 2,2′-hydrazinylidenebis[acetic acid] moieties to the triazine ring to reach an overall heptadenticity for the complexation of lanthanide(III) cations. The remaining reactive site was exploited for the substitution with a functionizable amino group (see H4L1) and a lipophilic moiety (see H4L2). Luminescence-lifetime determinations revealed the presence of a single H2O molecule coordinated for [Eu(L1)]. A complete 1H-NMR relaxometric study was carried out for the octacoordinated [Gd(L1)] and [Gd(L2)] complexes. A remarkably long H2O residence lifetime (298τM=5.2 μs) was found by 17O-NMR in the case of [Gd(L1)]. Micelle formation of the lipophilic complex [Gd(L2)] was evidenced, the critical micellization concentration (cmc) determined, and relaxometric properties of the system investigated.


The MM011(Pestalotiopsis sp.)— mycoparasite of Cronartium ribicola was cultured in solid and liquid culture media using 7 hydrocarbons,10 nitrogenous compounds,7 inorganic salts and 5 vitamins.It was found that polysaccharides(solvable starch and maize flour) were favorable for mycelial growth,organic nitrogen(protein peptone,yeast extracts,soy powder) was the optional nitrogen source,inorganic salts(sodium phosphate and potassium phosphate) were more favorable for mycelial growth than others,mycelial growth varied in different growth factors,but the facilitation wasn't obvious.


The Internet of Things (IoT) has significantly increased the number of devices connected to the Internet ranging from sensors to multi-source data information. As the IoT continues to evolve with new technologies number of threats and attacks against IoT devices are on the increase. Analyzing and detecting these attacks originating from different sources needs machine learning models. These models provide proactive solutions for detecting attacks and their sources. In this paper, we propose to apply a supervised machine learning classification technique to identify cyber-attacks from each source. More precisely, we apply the incremental piecewise linear classifier that constructs boundary between sources/classes incrementally starting with one hyperplane and adding more hyperplanes at each iteration. The algorithm terminates when no further significant improvement of the separation of sources/classes is possible. The construction and usage of piecewise linear boundaries allows us to avoid any possible overfitting. We apply the incremental piecewise linear classifier on the multi-source real world cyber security data set to identify cyber-attacks and their sources.


Despite efforts in the past decades to improve outcomes, intracranial aneurysm surgery still carries a considerable mortality risk, and its complications can cause a marked disability. To optimize and safely anesthetize a patient for these high-risk surgeries, the anesthesiologist must have a detailed understanding of the natural history, systemic physiologic perturbations, and intraoperative and postoperative complications of intracranial aneurysms. Various grading scales are used to predict adverse events, such as vasospasm or mortality, and are outlined in this chapter. Endovascular coiling and open surgical clip ligation (clipping) are the two most commonly employed interventions for treatment of aneurysms. The anesthetic goals for these complex patients are summarized.

This review contains 2 tables and 59 references.
Key Words: adenosine, burst suppression, emergence hypertension, endovascular coiling, indocyanine green, intracranial aneurysm clipping, intraoperative hypothermia, motor evoked potentials


Entertainment services have become more popularity and necessity in recent years. The double-digit grow up of the Internet of Things, smart devices have brought out various types of data traffic, computing demand, and entertainment content requested to the Multi-access Edge Computing (MEC) server. Due to the limit of physical resources of the MEC server, and high demand from users. The MEC may face congestion and overload problems. MEC has to cache the contents, computational results aim to reduce the delay, computational resources. However, MEC has a limited cache capacity. In this work, we consider a system model that allowed MEC can cache the contents at user equipment (UE) to increase the number of cached content and improve the Quality of Services (QoS). We formulated as a combinatorial optimization problem and using dual decomposition methods to perform the near-optimal solution.


A possible means of quantifying the surface electromyographic (EMG) signal is to try to relate it to the sarcomere length of the muscle, which is a function of muscle tension. The present work deals with the measurement of sarcomere length in human muscles. Sarcomere length is measured by using a thin sheet of muscle as a diffraction grating and obtaining and photographing its diffraction pattern using a modified light microscope. Samples of human muscle are available only from cadavers in the anatomical position, so a procedure for prediction of sarcomere length at other positions is described. The limitations of working with cadavaric tissue are outlined and discussed, and, for the readers unfamiliar with the structure and physiology of striated muscle, a brief description of this is given. This paper is part of a much larger project, the aim of which is to produce a quantitative atlas of activity in superficial muscles of the human body, during everyday activities, for both normal subjects and arthritis patients. The mapping of the muscle activity is being carried out using a telemetrised surface electromyography (EMG) system, and the investigation of sarcomere length at various positions is being undertaken as a possible means of quantifying the EMG signal. Previously, many attempts have been made to quantify the EMG signal size in terms of force generated by the muscle, usually using calculations of muscle force derived from moments about the joints during isometric exercise. None of these studies has produced a conclusive relationship between EMG signal size and muscle force, hence the possible alternative of a relationship between the sarcomere length and EMG signal size. There is well documented evidence that there is a relation between the sarcomere length and muscle tension in an isometric contraction, so it follows that if such a relationship exists, there must also be a relationship between the force in the muscle and the size of the EMG signal. There is only one published piece of work in which both EMG and sarco- mere length have been investigated; this relates to the jaw muscles of rabbits, but the EMG is used as an indica- tor of muscle activity rather than any attempt being made to show a correlation between the two parameters (Weijs and van der Weilen-Drent, 1982). The conclusions of this paper, however, are encouraging in that they show that the timing of EMG activity corresponds closely with the shortening of the sarcomeres. Considering the importance of sarcomere length to muscle mechanics as a whole, there has been surprisingly little work done to investigate the sarcomere lengths over which muscles actually operate. The bulk of information available relates to jaw openers and closers in rats (Nordstrom and Yemm, 1972; Nordstrom et al., 1974) and rabbits (Weijs and van der Weilen-Drent, 1982). A few studies have investigated sarcomere lengths during locomotion (Rack and Westbury, 1969; Dimery, 1984; 1985; Cutts, 1986), but at present no information exists relating to humans. This paper describes the method used and presents the results of a pilot study on two muscles of the leg. The method, which is actually an adaptation of an original method used for the measurement of sarcomere length in other species by the author and another worker at Leeds, uses a thin sheet of muscle tissue to act as a diffraction grating; diffraction patterns are obtained and photo- graphed using a modified light microscope. For a thor- ough understanding of the method, a sound working knowledge of the structure and function of vertebrate striated muscle is required; for the benefit of readers not familiar with this material, a brief description is given below. BACKGROUND Figure 1 shows the gross structure of a muscle. The whole muscle is comprised of a large number of fasciculi enclosed in a tough connective sheath, the epimysium. The fasciculi themselves are bundles of individual muscle fibres, held together by the perimysium. Filling the spaces between the muscle fibres in the fasciculi is a softer connective tissue called endomysium.


Abstract The paper provides a preliminary study of algebraic semantics for modal and superintuitionistic non-monotonic logics. The main question answered is: how can non-monotonic inference be understood algebraically?


In the crystal structure of the title compound, C21H16NO2 +·CF3SO3 −·H2O, the anions and the water molecules are linked by O—H⋯O interactions, while the cations form inversion dimers through π–π interactions between acridine ring systems. These dimers are linked by C—H⋯O and C—F⋯π interactions to adjacent anions, and by C—H⋯π interactions to neighboring cations. The water molecule links two H atoms of the cation by C—H⋯O interactions and two adjacent anions by O—H⋯O interactions. The acridine and benzene ring systems are oriented at 15.6 (1)°. The carboxyl group is twisted at an angle of 77.0 (1)° relative to the acridine skeleton. The mean planes of the adjacent acridine units are either parallel or inclined at an angle of 18.4 (1)°.


The invention relates to a drawer type medicine groove manipulator medicine charging device, which comprises a bottom plate and two transverse parallel clamping plates, wherein a transverse medicine groove conveying device is arranged on the bottom plate, a medicine groove is arranged on the transverse medicine groove conveying device and is used for transverse conveying, the transverse medicine groove conveying device is positioned between the two clamping plates, a clamping mechanism is arranged on the bottom plate and is used for adjusting the gap between the two clamping plates, the medicine groove conveying device is arranged in a passage which is formed by the clamping plates, and comprises a manipulator hooking mechanism and a traction mechanism, the manipulator hooking mechanism is positioned on the traction mechanism, and the medicine groove is positioned on the manipulator hooking mechanism and is driven by the traction mechanism to do transverse translation along with the manipulator hooking mechanism. By adopting the technical scheme, the drawer type medicine groove manipulator medicine charging device has the advantages that the configuration is more reasonable, the use and installation are convenient, the working efficiency is obviously improved, a medicine can be quickly charged into the groove, and the accuracy of medicine charging is guaranteed.


Results are given of an empirical power study of three statistical procedures for testing for exponentiality of several independent samples. The test procedures are the Tiku (1974) test, a multi-sample Durbin (1975) test, and a multi-sample Shapiro–Wilk (1972) test. The alternative distributions considered in the study were selected from the gamma, Weibull, Lomax, lognormal, inverse Gaussian, and Burr families of positively skewed distributions. The general behavior of the conditional mean exceedance function is used to classify each alternative distribution. It is shown that Tiku's test generally exhibits overall greater power than either of the other two test procedures. For certain alternative distributions, Shapiro–Wilk's test is superior when the sample sizes are small.


Proposal of switching speed Reduction Method Using Chaotic Spreading Sequence in Direct Optical Switching CDMA Radio-on-Fiber Network and Its Experimental Investigation Author(s) Higashino, Takeshi; Tsukamoto, Katsutoshi; Komaki, Shozo Citation IEICE Transactions on Electronics. E88-C(7) P.1475-P.1482 Issue Date 2005-07 Text Version publisher URL http://hdl.handle.net/11094/3293 DOI rights copyright©2008 IEICE Note


......................................................................................................................... ii Acknowledgments ...........................................................................................................v Vita ............................................................................................................................... ix List of Tables................................................................................................................. xv List of Figures ........................................................................................................... xviii Chapter 1: Introduction to food selection: the influence of spatial and seasonal availability, mechanical toughness, and nutritional composition of food items .................


Compared with conventional lenses, metalenses can offer smaller form factor, light weight and new functionality, and have become the focus of the recent investigations of metasurface. To date, quite a lot of studies have been reported for chromatic aberration correction of metalenses. Noting most work was carried out to satisfy the required group delay or dispersion by introducing sophisticated and integrated nanopillars, which are obtained using computationally intensive global search algorithms. Generally, the design is time-consuming. Here, we propose an alternative scheme, where metalens that corrects the chromatic aberration can be designed by optimizing the spectral degree of freedom C(ω), rather than relying on time-consuming algorithms. The proposed metalens is compatible with the complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) fabrication process. The numerically demonstrated metalens with a diameter of 200 μm and a numerical aperture (NA) of 0.24 has a small focal length fractional change (FLFC) of 4.1% over the wavelength of 9∼12 μm with an average efficiency of 51.7% in transmission mode. Moreover, the effect of fabrication deviations on the performance of the metalens is analyzed, showing critical dimension (CD) bias, sidewall angle and pillar height all have different levels of influence on the performance of the metalens.


Kohler B. & G. Rauer (2008): Numbers and spatial distribution of migrating waders in the National Park Neusiedler See-Seewinkel between 1995 and 2001. Egretta 50: 14 ‐ 50. The p resent paper gives an overview on the abundance, population size, and distribution pattern of waders in the Austrian part of the national park Neusiedler See-Seewinkel based on counts made between 1995 and 2001. The data refer both to the subareas of the national park and to individual alkaline lakes, marshes, and wet meadows. Of the 40 wader species documented during the counts, only 21 are sufficiently abundant to permit a detailed discussion of their distribution . Data on 9 of the rarer species are presented in summary. The most common species, ranked according to maximum counts, were: Ruff (up to 10,392 individuals present), Lapwing (3,808), Common Snipe (1,701), Dunlin (1,203), Black-Tailed Godwit (829), Pied Avocet (603), Little Stint (602), Redshank (576), Wood Sandpiper (487), Spotted Redshank (442), Eurasian Curlew (314) and Little Ringed Plover (264). We also try to rank 16 subareas of the National Park Neusiedler See-Seewinkel and 3 areas outside the National Park according to their importance for migrating waders. The ranking is based on the total number of individuals counted, species numbers, diversity indices, the number of species of regional importance and the national and international Red List status of each observed species. Finally we assess changes in the distribution patterns of waders compared to earlier studies.


Author(s): Yakal, Madeleine Amee | Advisor(s): Acabado, Stephen B | Abstract: Trade and interaction are linked to the development of social ranking among premodern societies, indications for which are seen in mortuary practices, particularly with the existence of exotic burial goods. Excavations in the Old Kiyyangan Village (OKV) in the northern Philippine highlands present new information on the relationship between the introduction of imported goods, the most prevalent of which are beads, and increasing social differentiation. I investigate the relationship between both the quality and quantity of the burial beads and the juvenile individuals they were buried with. The varied amounts per grave could indicate an expression of social ranking in Ifugao society as supported by morphological analysis, preliminary XRF analysis, and ethnographic studies of Ifugao heirlooms. Additionally, the presence of Chinese-style glass beads in a Philippine site suggests a network of trade between Ifugao and other Philippine or Asian polities.


The goal of this paper is to describe fossil representatives of the Daphniidae Straus, 1820 (Eucrustacea: Cladocera) from German Cenozoic Maar lakes and lacustrine sediments and discuss an indicator value of their ephippia for palaeoecological reconstructions. All females and ephippia (modified moulting exuvia of females containing resting eggs) from the late Early/early Middle Miocene Randeck Maar (about 17-15 m.y.a., mammal zone MN5) and ephippia from the Late Oligocene lacustrian locality Rott (23-24 m.y.a., mammal zome MP30) belong to Daphnia (Ctenodaphnia) Dybowski et Grochowski, 1895. We conclude that these cladocerans were very common in European Eocene-Miocene water bodies. In case of German volcanogenic Maars, numerous ephippia of Daphnia (Ctenodaphnia), including their clusters, in a fossil layer could indicate shallow water conditions and seasonality in such water body. Alexey A. Kotov. A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Leninsky Prospect 33, Moscow 119071, Russia. firstname.lastname@example.com Torsten Wappler. Steinmann Institute, Section Palaeontology, University of Bonn, Nussallee 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany. firstname.lastname@example.com


"This research was supported by the European Research Council under the European
Union's Horizon 2020 Framework Programme (ERC StG ABLASE, 640012) and by an
EPSRC Programme Grant (EP/P030017/1)." -- Funding


The practice of infection control is important in every health care institution since it ensures safety of the patient, health care providers and visitors to the facility and community at large. Instruments and equipment that are re-used from one patient to another should be thoroughly disinfected to minimize, if not eliminate, the possibility of transmitting infections. It is sad that health care providers who are entrusted by an unsuspecting patient should spread infections including such blood-born diseases as HIV, hepatitis and haemorrhagic fevers. The objective of this study was to establish how effective are the solutions used for disinfecting instruments in health facilities. A 'disinfectant-in-use' test was applied to samples collected from five public institutions. In addition the hospital acquired sepsis was analysed from the same institutions to establish a correlation. Forty per cent failed the test by supporting growth of micro-organisms. The duration of disinfectant in use significantly cont...


Observations of the Crab pulsar using the atmospheric Cerenkov technique were conducted for 22 hours. The light curve obtained shows a single peak at approximately the position of the expected main peak with a significance level of 3.2 sigma. The pulsed flux above 200 GeV is 2.5 + or - 0.8 x 10 to the 11th power cm(-2)s(-1).


The development and application of halogen-free flame retardant PC/ABS has become the main trend.In recent years,the phosphorus-containing flame retardants,have been developed rapidly because of their low toxicity,high efficiency and low price,which can improve flame retardancy and the processing flowability of alloy.An overview of recent research development on phosphorus-containing flame retardant system used for PC/ABS alloy is presented.The kinds of inorganic and organic phosphorus-containing systems,compositions and their effects on flame retardancy are introduced in detail.The relevant flame retarding mechanisms of the alloy are introduced briefly.The development trend is to develop organic phosphorus-containing flame retardants with high phosphorus content,high relevant molecular weight,good thermal stability,low toxicity and low smoke,and to use combination technology with synergistic flame retardant effect of different phosphate in gas and solid.


The subject of the study was collaboration as a sign of complicity in a crime. The purpose of the article is to describe the content of this feature from its objective and subjective side. The research is based on domestic criminal legislation and materials of domestic judicial practice. The research was conducted using the following methods: the method of comparative jurisprudence, which allowed comparing the provisions on complicity in a crime in the resolutions of the Plenary sessions of the Supreme Court of the USSR based on the provisions of the Criminal Code of the Russian Soviet Federal Socialist Republic of 1960, and the resolutions of the Plenary sessions of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation based on the provisions of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation of 1996; the method of analyzing documents, which allowed analyzing judicial practice and proposals of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation on complicity in a crime; the formal-logical method, which allowed analyzing the content of the norms of Chapter 7 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. It is concluded that the objective side of collaboration of complicity in a crime includes the community of the accomplices' actions, a single criminal result and a causal relationship between the communal actions of the accomplices and a single criminal result. The subjective side of collaboration of complicity in a crime refers to the community of intent. It is proved that the community of the accomplices' actions means the mutual conditionality of the actions of each of them, achieved through the separation of functions and the combination of their efforts in the process of committing a crime, that a single criminal result for them conditions the presence of a causal relationship between the communal act of the accomplices and a single criminal result. The author criticizes the position expressed in the theory of criminal law according to which there are two types of connections in complicity - causal and causative, as well as judicial practice based on this position, which allows expanding the circle of persons criminally responsible for complicity in a crime. It is argued that the causal relationship in complicity in a crime should be understood as a kind of causal relationships in social phenomena, which is why it is objective and subjective in nature and depends on the consciousness of the accomplices of the crime. It is argued that the causal relationship in complicity in a crime connects the communal act of the accomplices and a single criminal result for them, if such an act is the cause of this result, that is, it contains the inevitability or the real possibility of its occurrence. It is noted that the collaboration of complicity in a crime, from its subjective side, is the compatibility of the intent of the accomplices, which means that they have a mental community. The article shows the specifics of communal intent in complicity in a crime, which consists in the fact that there is a two-way subjective connection between the accomplices and the combination of volitional efforts.


Background: The hygiene or cleanliness usually defined as an attempt to maintain a healthy lifestyle which includes personal hygiene, social life, and hygiene work. Environmental sanitation is the business of self-control of environmental factors that may cause adverse terms of physical development, health and decreased endurance of the human body. Nutritional status is a condition of the body caused by the balance between nutriet intake with the needs. Scabies is a skin disease that is transmitted to humans, but most often occurs in children and adolescents. The prevalence of scabies in developing countries around 6% -27% in the general population and tend to the children. The purpose of this study was to the correlation between personal hygiene and environmental sanitation in the incidence of scabies disease
among the children.
Methods: The study design was observational and use of cross-sectional approach. Population and sample study were 10-12 years olds who attend did school in SD Negeri 3 Madyogondo grades 4, 5 and 6. Data were collected by interview using a questionnaire. Components of the questionnaire include did environmental sanitation, personal hygiene and nutritional status.
Results: This study found there were tests found that there correlation between the incidence of scabies personal hygiene (p = 0.001), there was correlation between the incidence of scabies nutritional status (p =0,015) and there was no correlation between sanitation in the incidence of scabies disease (p = 0.561).
Conclusion: There was significant correlation between personal hygiene and nutritional status with the incidence of scabies, but in environmental sanitation the result found there was no significant correlation the incidence of scabies disease.
Keywords: personal hygiene, environmental sanitation, nutritonal status, the incidence of scabies disease among the children.


Sixty-four miles (103 km) of interstate highway surrounding Washington, D.C., is known as the Capital Beltway. Police reports were provided by Maryland and Virginia covering all crashes (N=4,447) on this roadway system for the years 1993-94. The most common type of crash was Stop/Slowing (36% of all Beltway crashes) in which one vehicle stops or slows, typically for congestion, and is rear-ended. Ran Off Road (23%) was second. Sideswipe/Cutoff (18%), third overall, was the most common type for tractor-trailers. Crashes were most prone to occur in close proximity to interchange locations. A cluster of Ran Off Road or Stop/Slowing crashes occurred at specific ramp locations within three Virginia interchanges. Ten percent of mainline Beltway crashes were followed by subsequent crashes. Crash risk increased for up to one hour and up to one mile (1.6 km) approaching the site of a previous crash.


To achieve the quick and harmonious development of tourism industry,transformation and upgrading of tourism industry is an imperative choice.This topic has aroused high attention in tourism industry and academia.On the basis of theory combing,concept definition,feature analysis and trend projection,this thesis referred to ways and contents of transformation and upgrading from five aspects: industry,market,enterprise,product and talent.On this problem,the authors put forward personal opinions and claims.The theoretical research of transformation and upgrading of tourism industry has important practical significance for completing the theoretical system and strengthening the implementation of tourism.


In these days in foundry branch there is a rapid development of sectors of special casting technology with the aim to increase the quality and the efficiency of pressure casting production.. Internal homogeneity of pressure casting, characterized by the extent of porosity can be affected by the setup of technological parameters of pressure casting and last but not least by vacuuming the molds, that means to exhaust air and gases from the mold cavity. Contribution is specifically aimed on the analyzing the impact of degassing pressure molds on the porosity of pressure casting.


Disclosed is a method for producing a silicon carbide substrate wherein a major surface on which a semiconductor layer is formed has a step-terrace structure composed of a flat terrace and a step. This method for producing a silicon carbide substrate is characterized in that the plane direction of a major surface (1) of a raw material substrate is inclined to the (0001) surface by an angle of from 0.03° to 1°, and a hydrogen gas etching is performed at 1250-1700°C. Also disclosed is an SiC substrate, which has only a few spiral pits and is excellent in surface flatness.


To the problem of customer demands changing frequently, IT system islanded and design resource hard to reuse during collaborative design, a reconfigurable collaborative design service model was presented. First of all, the concept of collaborative design service mode and its characteristics were expounded. Secondly, the design task unit and design service unit of collaborative design service model were described in the form of meta-model. Reconfigurable collaborative design service model was implemented by virtue of web service and intelligent agent technology. Finally, a collaborative design service platform for complex products was build. Practice shows this platform would enhance productivity and improve enterprise design collaboration effectively.


Lingual thyroid is a rare clinical entity that is due to the failure of the thyroid gland to descend early in the course of embryogenesis. It may be present with symptoms of dysphagia and upper airway obstruction. We report here on the case of a 63-year-old female who was scheduled for an operation for lumbar disc herniation and she could not be intubated. The cause of the airway obstruction was an ectopic thyroid at the base of the tongue, which made visualization of the glottis impossible. Several attempts at endotracheal intubation were unsuccessful. Fortunately, the patient was mask ventilated. We awakened the patient and consulted an otolaryngologist, and she was diagnosed with lingual thyroid. After a week, she was operated on using spinal anesthesia. (Korean J Anesthesiol 2006; 51: 236~8)


A woven, braided or knitted fabric structure comprises wires of silver alloy, preferably a precipitation-hardenable Ag Cu Ge alloy. The process for making a fabric structure may comprise providing silver wire having a temper of more than fully soft but less than half hardness, forming said wire into said structure and heating the structure to precipitation harden the wire.


Introduction A quarter of a century has passed since the first software reliability model appeared. Many dozens more, of various types, have been developed since. And many practitioners still disagree on the practical uses of models in software managing, staffing, costing and release activities. The present article examines this situation, discusses some of its causes and suggests some approaches to improve it.


We introduce a novel technique to generate optical single sideband, optical double sideband with suppressed carrier and optical single sideband with suppressed carrier modulated signals, based on the combination of two time-delayed orthogonally polarized signals.


The protagonist of "Una donna sola" is a housewife who keeps a monologue with herself and with several invisible people outside the stage. As the plot develops different types of dialogic relationships and verbal interactions are introduced in the story. The protagonist, through her mono-dialogue, moves from a state of unconsciousness to one of awareness, from a passive victim to an active subject. Her character is the "crazy" woman who shows uncomfortable truths. The deliberate staging of the subordinate role of women becomes a form of Querelle. On the one hand Franca Rame denounces violence and male authoritarianism, on the other hand she proposes the deconstruction and reconstruction of female identities.


When the secular equation in the form | H — Eλ | =0, where H is the matrix product GF or FG, is expanded into a polynomial equation of degree n in λ, a set of n algebraic equations in the n unknowns Ftt′ is obtained. The degrees of these equations are 1, 2, 3, ···, n, respectively. The number of solutions (sets of force constants) is n!, the number of possible sets of frequency assignments is also n!, and one set of force constants corresponds to each set of frequency assignments. When the frequencies are all different, the sets of force constants are all different, and in a diagonal F matrix all the force constants are real and positive. As an illustration, the six sets of force constants for the valence force treatment of a triatomic model of the ethyl chloride skeleton are computed, and the corresponding frequency assignments are determined.


ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION AND REVIEW OF LITERATURE GREDINA (cited by Landauer, 1951) found embryo viability to be affected by the sex-linked early feathering gene, k. In matings between early and late feathering Rhode Island Reds, embryos with the phenotype for early feathering hatched better than embryos with the phenotype for late feathering. In matings of Rhode Island Red males to Barred Plymouth Rock females, Hutt (1951) found the gene for extended black plumage E, was lethal to about 3.6% of the black, non-barred female progeny. The barring gene, B, and the early feathering gene, k, were found to interact favorably with E, thereby preventing its lethal action. Jaap and Grimes (1956) presented evidence that in dominant white chickens interaction between the gene for inhibition of black plumage, I, and the gene for extended black plumage, E, suppressed body growth rate to eight weeks of age. Growth reduction resulting from interaction of I and E was 0.03 . . .


Based on proving the error estimate formula of conjugate gradient method(CG), this paper makes a pretreatment of coefficient matrix in order to improve convergence speed. This disposal provides the method of reducing the condition number of equivalence problem. So it perfectly establishes the practical algorithm of preconditioned conjugate gradient method(PCG). At last, taking the boundary value problem of Poisson equation as an example, this paper illuminates the validity of this method through numerical experiment.


To estimate the incidence trend and outcome of paracetamol poisoning, in relation to increased availability of paracetamol from non‐pharmacy outlets in 2009.


In this study, we applied the radiomics features of both suspected lesion and prostate gland on bi-parametric MRI (bpMRI) (T2W and ADC) to predict whether targeted biopsy alone is enough in detecting clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa) in biopsy naïve men and compare their value with PI-RADS category.


Myoelectric signal data were recorded from infants between the ages of 6 months and 2 years and processed to determine the spectral content of the signal. The protocol for obtaining the infant myoelectric signal and processing the resultant nonstationary data is described. The results indicate that the spectral content of the infant myoelectric signal does not differ significantly from the spectral content of the adult signal. Only subtle changes in the myoelectric signal spectrum with infant age were detected.<<ETX>>


The scope of someone's consent is the range of actions that they permit by giving consent. This book investigates the underexplored question of which normative principle governs the scope of consent. To answer this question, this investigation involves taking a stance on what constitutes consent. By appealing to the idea that someone can justify their behaviour by appealing to another person's consent, this book defends the view that consent consists in behaviour that expresses a consent-giver's will for how a consent-receiver behaves. The ultimate conclusion of this book is that the scope of consent is determined by certain evidence that bears on the appropriate interpretation of the consent.


The state and status of higher education in different countries and regions has been the subject of considerable debate, research and publication; yet little continental scale research has been undertaken except in the United States of America. This paper reports on large‐scale cooperation taking place in European higher education. It particularly examines the development, role, activities and actions of Thematic Network Projects (TNPs) that have been established to support the modernization of higher education and therefore the implementation of the Bologna Process. The paper reviews the operation and structure of TNPs in the context of the Bologna Process and their contribution to the European Higher Education Area, presenting research of the development, activity and some outcomes of thematic networks in higher education in order to examine the impact of such networks as agents of change in turbulent educational times.


A conventional beamformer has been applied to 300 Hz CW and 300 Hz center frequency LFM acoustic signals received on a 96‐channel 465 m bottomed horizontal array. The temporal history of the array gain for five subapertures (30, 60, 120, 240, 465 m) will be presented. The gain of each subaperture varied over time scales ranging from less than 1 min to 13 days. The time dependence is being correlated to sound speed variability induced by shelf slope front movement, the internal tide, nonlinear internal waves and atmospheric forcing. The longer apertures did not achieve ideal array gain. Temporal variability of the horizontal spatial coherence lengths will be discussed. The acoustic sources were moored 18 m above the bottom in 64 m of water. The propagation path was cross shelf. The receiving array was located near the New Jersey (USA) shelf break 20 km from the source. Water depth at the array location was 89 m. [Work supported by ONR.]


In Vedic astrology, Rahu and Ketu are shadows but not general planets like other seven.But Rahu and Ketu in modern days have most influence on a person's horoscope. Out of many combinations of rahu – ketu placements in a horoscope, all planets being within rahu – ketu and rest 7 houses being empty is said to Kalasarpa yoga or dosha.It can be a yoga or dosha based on other planets conjunct with rahu or ketu, owners of houses occupied by rahu ,ketu and planets aspecting it and also position of them from lagna.ThisKalasarpa yoga has more effects on country/mundane horoscopes rathen than on human horoscopes.If a country is formed under kalasarpayoga(example : India got independence under kalasarpa yoga) , its growth is hindered by internal conflicts, terrorism, border related tensions, corruption etc.Also , whenever kalasarpa yoga occurs in any year, the world and especially such countried as above will see more tensions.


WORD\CLEAN\012E(408181).DOCX Summary The purpose of this document is to provide an overview of different criteria used to evaluate the compatibility of geostationary satellite networks, identifying those with which coordination is required and introducing methods which may be used to facilitate coordination and obtain an interference-free operational scenario. It includes the latest updates from WRC-15 and ongoing studies towards WRC-19. The document also considers the case in which a notifying Administration may submit the characteristics of its satellite network to ITU, illustrating some aspects that may be taken into account when organizing the filing in order to optimize the outcome, while representing as accurately as possible the actual scenario. At all times, the issues will be approached from both, a conceptual and practical standpoint, with some detail but without losing the sight of the overall objective.


Random numbers are utilised principally to create random strings or secure secret keys. The key is a very important part of encryption and depends on the strength and security in the encryption algorithm. Random number generators have used in a computer simulation, cryptography, statistical modelling, randomised design, and other areas where the production of an unexpected result is desirable. This paper aims to provide designing a new random key generator form on a concatenation between Two- Dimensional Hénon map and Two-Dimensional rational Map. The basic process of the proposed generator is to convert the output of the two chaotic maps into 64-bit numbers and to merge them with the XOR operation and other operations. The key resulted random sequences are studied by the NIST test group and also using the traditional statistical methods.


Application of principal component analysis to Cu(II)–ethanolamine complex formation data is shown. Determination of the number of complex species is obtained from the rank of the matrix of spectral data using either Gauss elimination or factorial analysis. Relevant information concerning species distribution versus pH is obtained from the plot of the signficant factors upsurging from the evolution of spectral titration data.


Measurements of the light scattering behaviour of the regolith of airless bodies in the Solar System, across wavelengths from the visible to the far infrared are essential to understanding their physical properties. This thesis describes the design, build and calibration of a novel instrument to measure the angular directionality of thermal infrared emission from surfaces (direction emissivity, DE). This work was originally motivated by the need for new DE measurements to support analysis of data collected by the thermal and far infrared Diviner Lunar Radiometer instrument (8 – 400 μm) currently in orbit around the Moon. To fully interpret the brightness temperatures measured by the Diviner instrument a three dimensional thermal physical model is required. These models typically assume that infrared radiation is scattered isotropically from the lunar surface. Although generally the models are in very good agreement with Diviners measured brightness temperatures, there are some discrepancies particularly in permanently shadowed regions near the lunar poles. One possible reason for these discrepancies is that the thermal infrared DE of the lunar surface is not isotropic as is typically assumed by many of these models. The "Oxford Space Environment Goniometer" (OSEG) was developed to measure the DE of surface across wavelengths from the visible to the thermal and far infrared. Analysis and modelling of initial DE measurements made with the OSEG show that the DE is dependent on the optical properties and roughness of the surface. DE measurements of the lunar regolith analogue material JSC-1AF have been incorporated into a three dimensional thermal physical model to show that the predicted surface temperatures of a polar lunar-like permanently shadowed region can differ by 10 K compared to assuming an isotropic DE.


Being along with the development and application of digital,multimedia,computer and network communication technology in the field of education,according to the low-efficiency and tedious problems about the traditional examination,online examination system shows more and more advantages and has played an important role in promoting the development of the modern education.This article mainly introduced design and implementation of online examination system.


Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) battery is a promising candidate for the next-generation batteries for electric vehicles due to its high theoretical specific energy and the low cost of sulfur. However, the challenges in the battery performance like low volumetric energy density, poor cycle life, and high self-discharge rate are yet to be resolved. To achieve the better understanding on the root causes behind the numerous technical challenges and to provide the right directions to solve the problems, the development of characterization techniques to understand the reaction mechanisms and the phenomena inside the Li-S cells are highly required. In this study, the morphological changes of S-LVO (LiV3O8) composite were analysed to investigate the reason why S-LVO composite shows better battery performance over the pristine sulfur material [1].

 Experimental

 S-LVO composite was manufactured by a mechano-fusion process using a Nobilta equipment to form the LVO coating on sulfur particles as shown in Figure 1.To analyse the cathode electrode, lithium // Celgard 3501 / LiTFSI 1M in DME/DOL (1:1) // sulfur coin cells were prepared and opened at various values of death of discharge (DOD) in the first cycle. The cathodes were rinsed and dried (at 0.65 atm, 55°C for 1h), then observed in the scanning electron microscope (SEM) using a specially designed transfer chamber to avoid any air/moisture contact between the SEM and the glove box. Secondary electrons (SE) images, backscattered electron (BSE) images and comparative X-ray elemental analysis using an energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) were performed at 15 keV.

 Results and discussion

 Figure 2 shows the discharge profile in the 3rd cycle at 0.1C condition and the cycle performance at 0.5C condition in comparison between the S-LVO composite electrode and the reference sulfur electrode. It can be seen that the S-LVO outperforms the pristine sulfur in the initial capacity and the cycle life. Figure 3(a) demonstrates that, as the DOD increases from 0 to 100%, the sulfur-based cathode undergoes a significant densification and tend to form a severe "mud-crack" morphology as shown in Figure 3(a), while this effect is relatively smaller on the S-LVO composite cathode (Figure 3(b)). This densification process is well seen in the SE image in Figure 3(c). It is believed that the dispersed LVO particles retard the densification of electrode and contribute to preserve the mechanical integrity of electrode. Figure 4 shows the evolution of sulfur-to-carbon ratio (S/C) that was measured at constant values of electron beam current, working distance and collection. It is found that the S-LVO electrode shows a lower variation of the S/C ratio, which indicates that S-LVO electrode has relatively homogeneous sulfur distribution while the concentration of sulfur is more localized on the electrode surface in the case of the reference electrode.

 Reference

 [1] C-S Kim et al, 'Facile dry synthesis of sulfur-LiFePO4 core-shell composite for scalable fabrication of lithium/sulfur batteries', Electroch. Comm, 32 (2013) 35-38.


The first part of this paper reviews of the most important aspects regarding the use of neural networks in the polymerization reaction engineering. Then, direct and inverse neural network modeling of the batch, bulk free radical polymerization of methyl methacrylate is performed. To obtain monomer conversion, number and weight average molecular weights, and mass reaction viscosity, separate neural networks and, a network with multiple outputs were built (direct neural network modeling). The inverse neural network modeling gives the reaction conditions (temperature and initial initiator concentration) that assure certain values of conversion and polymerization degree at the end of the reaction. Each network is a multi-layer perceptron with one or two hidden layers and a different number of hidden neurons. The best topology correlates with the smallest error at the end of the training phase. The possibility of obtaining accurate results is demonstrated with a relatively simple architecture of the networks. Two types of neural network modeling, direct and inverse, represent possible alternatives to classical procedures of modeling and optimization, each producing accurate results and having simple methodologies.


As users increasingly recognize the importance of safety and the Product Liability comes into effect, a company should take responsibility of protecting the users who use its product. In order to produce a safe product and satisfy the needs of users, it is critical for developers to evaluate the safety of the product appropriately and understand the characteristics of the product accurately. Furthermore, a safe product can be realized by considering a safety level of the product in a whole product development process. However, in general, product development projects hardly evaluate the safety of a product in the product planning step. In addition, most of safety evaluation methods which are applied in the product planning step have a tendency to be qualitative because a detailed product design can not be specified in this step. Therefore, this research aims at enhancing the performance of the safety evaluation process by applying quantitative methods such as 'AHP' and 'Fuzzy'. AHP can help analysts derive the weight of safety factors. Fuzzy is applied to evaluate the degree of safety of product elements in this paper. The proposed method will be able to improve the safety level of a product by using the quantitative methods in the product planning step.


BACKGROUND: Preterm premature rupture of membranes is an obstetric complication which has adverse perinatal effects and long-term morbidity and mortality. There is no published outcome data in Rwanda. OBJECTIVES: To assess maternal and neonatal outcomes at 24 to 34 weeks gestational age with preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM). METHODS: Retrospective chart review of patients admitted with PPROM from 2011 to 2014 in the largest teaching hospital in Rwanda. Prospective data collection was performed in the last year (2015). Overall maternal and neonatal outcomes were documented as well as a comparison of neonatal outcomes stratified into 3 gestational age groups (24 to 28 weeks, 29 to 31 weeks and 32 to 34 weeks). RESULTS: The study group was 109 patients. The mean gestational age at PPROM and delivery were 28.9 ± 2.8 weeks and 30.0 ±2.8 weeks, respectively. The majority (62.4%) delivered within one week of PPROM. Chorioamnionitis was present in 9.2%, placenta abruption in 4.6% and the cesarean delivery rate was 42.2%. The overall perinatal death rate was 38.5% and neonatal mortality rate was 30.9%. Perinatal mortality was highest in the 24 to 28 weeks gestational age group (73.5%) and in infants weighing less than 1 kg (67.9%). CONCLUSION: PPROM in our setting carries significant maternal morbidity and high neonatal mortality below 28 weeks. Parents should be thoroughly counseled about potential adverse maternal complications and poor neonatal outcome and be involved in decision-making regarding cesarean delivery and intensive neonatal care.


Controller design for multivariable systems is a challenging task due to interactions. For highly interacting systems, controller design is even more challenging. In this paper controller design for system having significant interactions, as quantified by relative gain value larger than 2, is considered. It is an extremely challenging task to obtain PI controller gains for higher dimensional multivariable processes due to the existence of high interaction effects (RG > 2) among the process input-output (i-o) variables. The aim is to propose scalable methodology that can be applied to higher dimensional system without much computational effort. For multivariable systems, detuning based controller design is very popular due to simplicity. Contribution in this manuscript is a new controller design method, i.e. relative gain (RG) detuning-based multi-loop internal model control (IMC) for highly interacting and higher dimensional multivariable processes. The PI controller parameters are first evaluated for the process of each main loop (diagonal elements) independently by employing IMC-PI tuning rules. In highly interacting systems, the off-diagonal (interactive elements) transfer functions have higher time delays than the diagonal transfer functions. When each loop RG value is used as the detuning factor, superior controller performance is obtained. The proposed control algorithm is applicable for highly interacting and higher dimensional multivariable processes. Various simulation studies for a wide range of $2\times 2$, 3 $\times 3$, and 4 $\times 4$ multivariable processes were carried out to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.


Knowing the hygroscopic equilibrium of rice seeds permits the adequate management of the product to keep its moisture content at the recommended levels for a safe storage. On the other hand, the integral isosteric heat provides theoretical information concerning the required energy during the drying process. So, the objective of this study was to determine rough rice (cultivar 'BRS Sertanejo') seed water desorption isotherms at the temperatures of 10, 20, 30, and 40 °C for the water activities between 0.10 and 0.71 so as to adjust different mathematical models to the experimental data and so to select the one best representing the phenomenon. To get the hygroscopic equilibrium, the indirect static method was used with the help of the equipment Hygropalm Model Aw 1. The conclusion was that the Chung-pfost, GAB, Sabbah, Cavalcanti Mata, Henderson modified, Henderson, Oswin, and GAB modified models represent adequately the rough rice seed hygroscopicity. The Henderson model was the chosen one to represent the desorption isotherms of the product. It was also verified that, for the same equilibrium water content, the higher the temperature, the higher the values of water activity. Isosteric heat increases with water content reduction . The values of isosteric heat vary from 2572.45 to 2514.26 kJ kg -1 for water contents of 3.2 to 13.8%, dry basis. Additional keywords: equilibrium moisture content; hygroscopicity; Oryza sativa. Cientifica, Jaboticabal, v.42, n.3, p.203–210, 2014 ISSN: 1984-5529


The development of mid-level shot description helps to bridge the gap between low-level feature and high-level semantics in video indexing and analysis. In this paper, we present a unified framework for semantic shot representation in field-ball sports genres, in which a video shot is characterized via three essential properties, namely, camera shot size, subject in a scene and video production technology. The three properties clearly represent the primary factors of a shot, and provide a unified viewpoint of semantic shot definition. Based on this framework, we design an effective architecture for semantic shot management comprising three main components as: 1) flexible shot clustering and retrieval by adjusting the weights of three properties according to different requirements; 2) semantics based video temporal segmentation for further event recognition; and 3) comprehensive sports video semantics analysis. Extensive experiments on soccer, basketball and tennis demonstrate the effectiveness and validity of this framework.


various participants in the battles, union leaders, industrial spokesmen, political officials and the Chancellor himself, are elaborated in detail. And, more important still, the author closely scrutinizes motivations and probes into how far they are related to various layers of public opinion. With his attention constantly focusing on the use, utility and justifiability of strike threats H. W. tries hard to find some general norm for judging the permissibility of politically motivated strikes in a democratic society. In doing so he attempts to differentiate between the legitimacy of moral pressure tactics (strike votes, etc.) made to conserve the union's already acquired codetermination status in the coal and steel industry and its indefensible and clumsy tactics (including isolated strikes) vainly trying to force the hand of the Bundestag to grant an equally favorable settlement for the remaining industries. This constitutes perhaps the most problematic part of the book, as it sins against a cardinal rule otherwise so well observed by the author: to isolate one factor, if concededly an important one, which can only be judged against the background of the total record of all participants. But it is less the problematic answer which counts than the highly interesting search for action and above all motivation patterns during the few passionate dramas of the social history of the present regime. It is one of the ironies of German postwar history that whatever real or imaginary damage the trade union's ambiguous attitude towards the strike as a means for broader social change has wrought, has long been dwarfed by the fact that the very institutions they tried to safeguard and extend have lost their meaning and have become strange relics—islands the author calls them—in the landscape of resurging capitalism.—OTTO KIRCHHEIMER, New School for Social Research.


Abstract. Multi-layer elastomeric bearings are used as common means of isolation with a large number of applications over the last 20 years in infrastructure assets. In this regard, seismic isolation is one of the most promising design philosophies for protecting structures against the catastrophic effects of earthquakes. Isolated bridges should be designed to respond with minimal or no damage (i.e. essentially elastic behavior). Additionally, in isolated bridges seismically induced damage is expected to be concentrated within the isolators, which are designed to be easily replaced. Thus, isolated bridges are resilient structures as their design is aligned to the principles of resilience, i.e. low-damage and quick restoration. Elastomeric bearings can be subjected to large axial loads and /shear displacements during strong earthquakes, which may also induce buckling effects. The recent Forcellini and Kelly (2014) model for elastomeric bearings allows to take into account large deformation response of a bearing when buckling occurs. This paper aims to identify the accuracy of this theory using experimental results and detailed numerical simulations carried out on ABAQUS. The finite element (FE) model has been reproduced with a layered system able to represent the alternating steel and rubber layers and the bolted connections. The presented FE model can be used as a powerful tool for predicting the non-linear behaviors registered during the lab tests. This study will provide new insights useful to designers, engineers and consultants.


Assessment of the population structure on the island of Hvar is based on the analysis of Malécot's isolation by distance model. We have tested the fit of the model by regression analysis of different measures of similarity (genetic kinship) and distance [Hamming's HSM distance for linguistic data; Mahalanobis's D2 distances for anthropometric head and body dimensions, radiogrammetric dimensions of metacarpal bones, physiological (cardiorespiratory) traits, and quantitative dermatoglyphic properties of the digitopalmar complex; and Edwards's E2 for frequencies of erythrocyte antigens]. Good fit of the model for linguistic and anthropometric data, which was demonstrated in previous studies on other eastern Adriatic populations, is confirmed. We compared parameters of the model with those already published for various populations in the eastern Adriatic and other parts of the world. We also evaluated the pattern of correlations between different measures of geographic, biological, and sociocultural distances through principal components analysis and interpreted the results within the context of microevolutionary theory and the population's ethnohistorical background.


Goodman and Black4 suggested that consent rates should be included in the results section of published papers. These researchers found that refusal rates in three studies varied widely (49%, 37%, 12.5%). Thus a high consent rate may signify too much pressure by the researcher; a low rate of consent would indicate that patients had residual doubts and might suggest a lack of confidence in the investigator. Institution ethics committees should take an interest in such figures.


The process of urbanization is faster and faster,so the new scientific means and quantitative research methods are needed to study the ecosystem urgently and offer some theoretical basis for resolving the increasingly prominent population,resources and environment problem.This research took Lanzhou as a case,using the theory of emergy analysis to calculate and analyze the trend of change of emergy self-sufficiency ratio,ratio of output-input,ratio of input,environmental loading ratio,emergy dollar ratio,emergy density,emergy based sustainability index,emergy per person,carrying capacity of population in Lanzhou from 1997 to 2004,then these indices were used to take comparisons between Lanzhou and other countries and regions.The ecological economic structure and the characters of development status were quantitatively describe,suggestions were put forward for making use of the resources,collocating industries in reason,realizing the sustainable development in Lanzhou City.


Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) sampling strategies can be used to simulate hidden Markov model (HMM) parameters from their posterior distribution given observed data. Some MCMC methods used in practice (for computing likelihood, conditional probabilities of hidden states, and the most likely sequence of states) can be improved by incorporating established recursive algorithms. The most important of these is a set of forward-backward recursions calculating conditional distributions of the hidden states given observed data and model parameters. I show how to use the recursive algorithms in an MCMC context and demonstrate mathematical and empirical results showing a Gibbs sampler using the forward-backward recursions mixes more rapidly than another sampler often used for HMMs. Iintroduce an augmented variables technique for obtaining unique state labels in HMMs and finite mixture models. I show how recursive computing allows the statistically efficient use of MCMC output when estimating the hidden states. I directly calculate the posterior distribution of the hidden chain's state-space size by MCMC, circumventing asymptotic arguments underlying the Bayesian information criterion, which is shown to be inappropriate for a frequently analyzed dataset in the HMM literature. The use of log-likelihood for assessing MCMC convergence is illustrated, and posterior predictive checks are used to investigate application specific questions of model adequacy.


LCL filters are commonly used to connect voltage-sourced converters (VSCs) to the grid. This type of filter is cheaper than a single inductor for the same current total harmonic distortion (THD), but it generates resonance problems if no active or passive damping method is applied. Active damping methods are becoming popular in the literature because they improve efficiency, but they are sometimes difficult to implement and additional measurements are required. This paper proposes an active damping method for VSCs connected to weak grids, which is based on making the open-loop phase zero at the resonance frequency. It will be shown that this strategy provides adequate damping of oscillations and that it can be achieved in two different ways: at the design stage (if the design constraints make it possible) or with an all-pass filter in series with the current controller. Two methods to design the all-pass filter are proposed. Also, the proposed active damping technique is compared with three alternatives already proposed in the literature. All the control algorithms are verified by simulation and in a 15-kW prototype of a three-phase VSC connected to a configurable weak grid via an LCL filter.


The digital representation of an image requires a very large number of bits. This number is even larger for an image sequence. The goal of image coding is to reduce this number, as much as possible, and reconstruct a faithful duplicate of the original picture or image sequence. Early efforts in image coding, solely guided by information theory, led to a plethora of methods. The compression ratio reached a plateau around 1O:l a couple of years ago. Recent progress in the study of the brain mechanism of vision and scene analysis has opened new vistas in picture coding. Directional sensitivity of the neurones in the visual pathway combined with the separate processing of contours and textures has led to a new class of coding methods capable of achieving compression ratios as high as 1oO:l for images and around 3oO:l for image sequences. This paper presents recent progress on some of the main avenues of object-based methods. These second generation techniques make use of contour-texture modeling, new results in neurophysiology and psychophysics and scene analysis.


Object To explore the expression of telomerase activity in Slioma tissues.Methods Telomerase repetition amplification protocol was used to detect telomerase activity in 67 samples of glioma tissues.Results In 67 samples of glioma tissues 36 samples(53.7% ) was positive expression in which telomerase positive was detected in 8 of 30 Ⅱ grade samples (positive rate 26.7%),11 of 16 Ⅲ grade samples (68.7% )and 17 of 21 Ⅳ grade samples (80.9%).The telomerase positive rate was associated with the grade of tumor ( P 0.05) Conclusion The telomerase activity is closely related with the pathological grade of glioma.


The article attempts to analyze the Azerbaijan-Russia relations in the 18th – 19th centuries in the works of a prominent Azerbaijani historian Fuad Mamedovich Aliev, which laid the foundation for this area of historical science. The study of factors that influenced the development of broad Azerbaijani-Russian trade relations in the specified period is considered reasonably and objectively. A critical assessment is given to the biased statements about the dominant Russian orientation in Azerbaijan, and the pressure of Soviet ideological postulates is revealed. The article traces the political and economic interests of Russia in the South Caucasus, including Azerbaijan, which served as the basis for the implementation of its colonial policies in the region. The geostrategic and economic position of Azerbaijan as the most important factor in the large-scale plans of Russia is highlighted in the paper. The position of F. Aliev is revealed in relation to the dominant in Russia's policy of its interests in the South Caucasus as a whole, and in Azerbaijan in particular.


A 2008 paper investigating the Regulatory Tax (RT) on office development in Britain (Cheshire & Hilber, 2008) provided evidence of very tight restrictions on office space going back at least 50 years. It was also argued that the RT measure tended to underestimate the full costs of restrictive land use regulation since compliance costs would be under estimated. One form of compliance cost could be rent seeking by employing 'expensive design and a trophy architect' to get 'more rentable space per unit area of the site'. This paper finds evidence strongly supportive of this hypothesis and then values the contribution of famous architects to flexing one of the most restrictive planning systems in the world. It uses a sample of transactions in London offices sold between 2000 and 2011 courtesy of the Estates Gazette and Real Capital Analytics supplemented with GIS and building specific data. Trophy architects are identified as those who have won a prize from one of the three major architectural bodies. We employ a hedonic approach and show that i) given the site size a building designed by a trophy architect is more valuable than one designed by a regular architect, but that ii) this arises because such buildings do indeed squeeze more space on a given sized site than those designed by ordinary architects; however iii) the price per m2 of a trophy architect's building is no greater; that iv) the value of a trophy architect has emerged since 1956 and v) buildings designed by trophy architects predating the introduction of the current planning system are less valuable for a given site.


Published: 1 Dec 2019 Nowadays, with increasing environmental pollution and damages that threaten the health of the community, a lot of research is being conducted on reducing the emission from transportation sector as one of the main sources of total worldwide emissions. It is confirmed that one of the ways to reduce emission is to switch from fossil-based fuels to more environmentally benign fuels. Among the options, electric vehicles (EVs) have proven themselves as one of the best options. In this research study, a solar-based EV which is developed and built at University of Tehran is studied. The environmental impacts assessment along with the energy consumption of this solar-electric vehicle is investigated


The studies here reported were made on two aberrant forms of Sphcaerocarpos Donnellii Aust. which were first observed by Dr. C. E. Allen in his cultures which have been growing under greenhouse conditions since early in I9I6. Clones may be kept growing indefinitely under the conditions described by Allen (I9I9), and it is from clones of races showing the respective characters that the following descriptions are drawn.


In conventional system of wireless communication the source and the channel coding are used in different modules that increases the system complexity, cost and overall processing period. To make it more efficient, both the source and channel coding modules are combined in a single processing block, which not only decreases the system complexity but also reduces the overall processing cost. Multi Carrier Code Division Multiple Access (MC-CDMA) technique which is a combination of CDMA and Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) provides higher capacity. The proposed approach combines joint source channel coding with MC-CDMA. Through integrity check and receiver control mechanism, our system is able to subscribe to a desired broadcast session. The proposed approach result in a capacity which is nearly equals to the upper bound of the ratio CH where C is the channel capacity and H is the entropy of the source.


It provides a method for detecting a target RNA molecule in the sample. The method comprises: a target RNA using a reverse transcription RT oligonucleotide contained in the specimen to produce an oligonucleotide comprising RT and 3 'region of the extension product of the reverse transcription, the oligonucleotide comprises containing the RT modification or may be modified to hinder the stem extending a DNA polymerase or more nucleotides - ring portion and a downstream portion of the target RNA annealed complementary target portion, the target portion is annealed stem - loop section of the 3 ' ; using the following primers to generate reverse transcribed product of the amplification products: (i) a first amplification primer which anneal to the downstream portion of the reverse transcription product 3 'region of the extension, and (ii) first two amplification primers which anneal to the boundary portion of the DNA strand complementary to the reverse transcribed product, the boundary portion with RT oligonucleotide comprising the 3 'portion of the reverse transcribed product and the 3' region of the extension 5 'region complementary to a part; and detecting the amplification product; wherein the stem - loop portion of the stem taken under the conditions for the reverse transcription - loop structure under conditions but not for the amplification take stem - loop structure, and wherein when the stem - loop portion can be modified to contain one or more nucleotides hinder DNA polymerase extension, the method further comprising prior to the modification of the amplification can be modified nucleotides.


Objective To explore the relationship between hepatitis B virus covalently closed circular DNA (HBVcccDNA) and hepatocellular carcinoma by quantitatively determining HBVcccDNA in cancerous tissues and non-cancerous liver tissues from the patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.Methods Total HBV DNA and HBVcccDNA in cancerous and non-cancerous tissues from 45 hepatocellular carcinoma patients were determined by quantitative fluorescence PCR, and the relationship between the level of total HBV DNA or HBVcccDNA and the pathological grade of hepatocellular carcinoma was analyzed.Results There was no significant difference of the total HBV DNA level between cancerous and non-cancerous tissues in the HBsAg-positive patients(P=0.439). However, the level of HBVcccDNA in cancerous tissues was significantly higher than that in non-cancerous liver tissues (3.09±1.22 vs 2.62±0.97,P=0.039) and the proportion of HBVcccDNA was also higher than that in non-cancerous liver tissues (70.09% vs 62.33%,P=0.015). Among 42 HBsAg-positive patients, 14 (33%) showed that HBVcccDNA was nearly the only form of HBV DNA in cancerous tissues. In the cancerous tissues of 3 patients, who were HBsAg-negative in sera, HBVcccDNA was detectable in hepatocellular carcinoma, and the proportion of HBVcccDNA in cancerous tissues was also higher than that in non-cancerous tissues. There was a strong positive correlation between the levels of HBVcccDNA and total HBVDNA in either cancerous tissues (r=0.8244,P0.001) or non-cancerous tissues (r=0.8460,P0.001). There was no definite correlation between quantification of intrahepatic HBVcccDNA and the pathological grade of hepatocellular carcinoma(P0.05).Conclusions The level and proportion of cccDNA in cancerous tissues were higher than those in non-cancerous tissues. Intrahepatic HBVcccDNA may play an important role in the cancerization of hepatocytes. There was no correlation between the level of intrahepatic HBVcccDNA and the pathological grade of hepatocemlular carcinoma.


Abstract : In-flight wire strikes pose a serious threat to low-level helicopter operations. Tests were conducted to determine the suitability for U. S. Army helicopter applications of the Canadian Wire Strike Protection System (WSPS), developed by Bristol Aerospace Limited. The WSPS consists of fuselage-mounted upper and lower cutters and a windshield centerpost deflector with a sawtooth cutter. Using the NASA/Langley Research Center Crash Impact Dynamics Facility, an OH-58A fitted with the WSPS was subjected to pendulum swing tests in which the helicopter struck fixed cables at approximately 40 knots airspeed. The system demonstrated the capability to easily sever 10,000-pound-strength 3/8- inch steel messenger cable, 50-pair copper communications cable, and 0.419-inch high-power transmission lines, including multiple arrays of those cables. Data acquired indicated that the wire impact/deflection/cutting sequence would not have a significant effect on helicopter performance, control crew functioning, or blade flapping. Installation of the WSPS on the entire Army tactical helicopter fleet is recommended. An additional test of a device to deflect wires past the helicopter skid gear, vertical stabilizer, and tail rotor was conducted. A 7/8-inch tubular steel deflector was designed and fabricated. The device proved to be inadequate. It was concluded that a skid gear deflector is not a practical OH-58A retrofit from a cost and weight standpoint.


The computer graphics and archaeology began a relationship in which the techniques and tools of computer graphics were made available to the archaeology to allow the reconstruction and visualization of the archaeological findings. It allows also the preservation of the archaeological sites from the damage caused by some archaeological works that can be now replaced by a computer based work.


This paper addresses the problem of true delay estimation during high level design. The existing delay estimation techniques either estimate the topological delay of the circuit which may be pessimistic, or use gate-level timing analysis for calculating the true delay, which may be prohibitively expensive.
We show that the paths in the implementation of a behavioral specification can be partitioned into two sets, SP and UP. While the paths in SP can affect the delay of the circuit, the paths in UP cannot. Consequently, the true delay of the resulting circuit can be computed by just measuring the topological delay of the paths in SP, eliminating the need for the computationally intensive process of path sensitization. Experimental results show that high-level true delay estimation can be done very fast, even when gate-level true delay estimation becomes computationally infeasible. The high-level delay estimates are verified by comparing with delay estimates obtained by gate-level timing analysis on the actual implementation.


An experiment was performed to assess CFD modeling of a hypersonic-vehicle breach, boundary-layer flow ingestion and internal surface impingement. Tests were conducted in the NASA Langley Research Center 31-Inch Mach 10 Tunnel. Four simulated breaches were tested and impingement heat flux data was obtained for each case using both phosphor thermography and thin film gages on targets placed inside the model. A separate target was used to measure the surface pressure distribution. The measured jet impingement width and peak location are in good agreement with CFD analysis.