The pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis is complicated. The pathogenesis of the present study involves the immune mechanism,clotting mechanism and the mechanism of intestinal mucosa,etc. In recent years,Chinese medicine shows the unique advantage in the treatment of ulcerative colitis and the research on ulcerative colitis mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine has become a trend.


Objective:To investigate the anchorage ability and histological characteristic of microimplants under immediate and continuous orthodontic loadings.Methods: Sixteen titanium alloy microimplants were placed in the interradicular area of unilateral buccal side of the maxilla and mandible in a dog and healed in an exposed situation.A 200g force was given by nickel-titanium coil springs.After nine weeks,the stability,crevicular pockets were measured and histological evaluation was done.Results: Most microimplants were stable and can sustain immediate orthodontic loading.One loosened sample with peri-implant radiolucencies was seen.The disposition was seen in the maxillary and mandiblular implants.Extrusion and tipping were seen at the anterior part of the upper and lower jaws.Histological analysis revealed good bone and implant integration without fibrous connective tissue in the successful samples.A loose sample was placed into a tooth root with inflammation cells,fibrous tissue and no bone tissue was seen around it.Conclusion: Microimplants are important orthodontic anchorage and have a good biocompatibility to bone and can sustain immediate force.


The immigration dynamics of infectives is sometimes an imprescindable modelling feature to fully understand and explain the diffusion of important infections. The inclusion of the dynamics of individuals external to a local population is a challenge for modelling work: relevant assumptions, influencing the modelling structure, must be formulated in order to produce coherent results. Simple immigration dynamics are here introduced in a SIR epidemic model on the basis of social and demographic issues, typical of communities in developing countries. The consequent modifications of the classical SIR modelling structure show a complex behavior of the system. Endemic levels now depend on the interactions between immigration flows and local demographic dynamics, and classical remedies such as quarantine or other selective forms of immigration screening may not always succeed in eradicating the disease or even reducing its level of endemicity.


The arguments against the death penalty in the United States have centered on due process and fairness. Since the death penalty is so rarely rendered and subsequently applied, it appears on the surface to be arbitrary. Considering the potential utility of determining whether or not a death row inmate is actually executed along with the promising behavior of Artifi cial Neural Networks (ANNs) as classifi ers led us into the development, training, and testing of an ANN as a tool for predicting death penalty outcomes. For our ANN we reconstructed the profi les of 1,366 death row inmates by utilizing variables that are independent of the substantive characteristics of the crime for which they have been convicted. The ANN's successful performance in predicting executions has serious implications concerning the fairness of the justice system.


This paper describes how a commonly used canonical form for linear differential-algebraic equations can be computed using numerical software from the linear algebra package LAPACK. This makes it possible to automate for example observer construction and parameter estimation in linear models generated by a modeling language like Modelica.


The chemotactic activity of β‐galactosidase from bovine liver for eosinophils was evaluated in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, the activity increased in a dose‐dependent manner. The maximal activity was detected at the concentration of 0.1 mg/ml. In vivo, at concentrations greater than 0.5 mg/ml, eosinophil chemotactic responses were clearly seen.


With the reform and opening of China,buffet,as imported goods,has developed very quickly.It has enriched the food industry,changed the pattern of market,introduced a new food culture and will have a bright prospect.This paper studies the basic characteristics and market segmentation of buffet in china,analyses the marketing strategy and put forward some feasible suggestions.


In our paper, we have focused on data integration and transformation process in the automotive industry, with emphasis on production data collected from the shop floor. One of the main issues addressed, is that the data are not stored in a central data storage, but in individual devices and systems, utilising different data formats. Our paper briefly describes the main tasks, required to collect production data into the big data storage and transform them into a unified data structure. We have also provided results of the initial analyses that were performed on the integrated and transformed data set.


Obesity, one of the great health issues of our time, is provoking some controversial treatments by doctors. Here are two recent issues which ought to ring bioethical alarm bells.


Graphics memory,comparison memory and reasoning memory methods were applied to improve the teaching effect of Physical Chemistry with numerous and confusing formulas,which helped students better master relevant formula,and reinforced the confidence of learning and improved the teaching effect and quality.


Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) is an enterprise level system that integrates all the business processes of an organization into a single database. ERP System enables all the departments of an organization to share and manipulate the data. ERP system has a centralized structure consisting of one single central database which can be accessed by all the department(s). This centralized structure is one of the major reasons of current ERP system's popularity. Selection of an ERP system plays a vital role in the implementation of ERP system. We used AHP method for the selection. Once proper selection has been made, the implementation process begins. This process entails; accurate requirement gathering, user training, technical training, testing, data migration etc. Our research will give an in-depth analysis and recommended approaches for the preparation of RFP document, selection of ERP system, selection of vendor, requirement gathering, system design, testing and final roll-out. The objective of our research is to ensure successful implementation of ERP system. Our research also proposes a potential model for implementing an ERP System. Our model proposes the organization to have two (2) major committees: (1) ERP Implementation Committee (2) ERP Steering Committee. ERP Implementation Committee will drive the complete implementation process. It must include members of all the department of the organization. Since, the system is for the functional users, it is essential that all the stakeholders are part of this committee as well. In addition, the ICT (Information & Communication Technology) department should also be a part of this committee. The other committee is the Steering Committee; this committee should consist of members of top management of the organization. All business process reengineering should be directed to the ERP Steering Committee. Steering committee is also responsible for supervising the overall progress of the implementation. They will also decide the level of customization necessary for the ERP System.


At present,China's employment and socio-economic development in rural areas need to expand vocational education urgently.On one hand,the transfer of rural surplus labor force employment needs vocational education;on the other hand,to optimize and upgrade industrial structure need vocational education.At the same time,enhancing the employment of rural labor force and entrepreneurial capacity,and promoting the rural population into the labor resources also need vocational education.But for a long time the family as the main mode of investment in vocational education has restricted the development of vocational education in rural areas.Therefore,we must take into account the interests of the peasants and design truly "free vocational education",and to promote it into rural areas as soon as possible.


Pseudotaxiphyllum maebarae (Sak.) Iwats. previously known only from Japan, is reported from Zhejiang Province, China. Description and illustration of the species are provided.


In this study, I attempted to induce tetraploidy in the rainbow trout by means of 28 degrees C-heat shocks applied to fertilized eggs. Variations in the parameters of treatment resulted in large differences in survival rates between the batches, and varying proportions of tetraploid, diplotetraploid and diploid embryos were obtained with shocks beginning between 6 h 30 min and 9 h after fertilization and lasting more than 14 min. Tetraploidy was always associated with high mortality rates.


This paper brings some perspective to various concepts in computational reflection. A definition of computational reflection is presented, the importance of computational reflection is dis cussed and the architecture of languages that support reflection is studied. Further, this paper gives a survey of some experiments in reflection which have been performed. Examples of existing pro cedural, logic-based and rule-based languages with an architecture for reflection are presented. The final part of the paper describes an original experiment to introduce a reflective architecture in an object-oriented language. The examples show that a lot of programming problems that were previ ously handled on an ad hoc basis, can in a reflective architecture be solved more elegantly. I. Introduction Computational reflection is the activity performed by a computational system when doing computation about (and by that possibly affecting) its own computation. Although "computational reflection" (further on called reflection) is a popular term these days, the issues related to it are very complex and at the moment still badly understood. The first part of the paper (sections 2 to 5) attempts to elucidate some of these issues. It gives a definition of reflection and presents examples of its use. It further introduces the concept of a language with a reflective architecture, which is a language designed to support reflection. Section 5 presents a survey of the reflective architectures that have already been realised for procedure-based, logic-based and rule-based languages. Section 6 discusses our experiment to intro duce a reflective architecture in an object-oriented language (further on called OOL). This experiment shows that it is possible to realise a reflective architecture in an OOL and that there are specific advantages as weil to object-oriented reflection. The paper ends with some concIusioos. 2. What is Reflection This section presents a definition of computational reflection applicable to any model of computation, whether it be procedural, deductive, imperative, message-passing or other. We define computational reflection to be the behavior exhibited by a reflective system, where a reflective system is a computa tional system which is about itself in a causally connected way. In order to substantiate this definition, we next discuss relevant concepts such as computational system, about-ness and causal coo


Polyacrylonitrile having methacrylic acid [P(AN-co-MAA)] and acrylic acid [P(AN-co-AA)] was used for phase inversion imprinting of uracil (URA). Resultant imprinted membranes had porous morphology and showed permselective binding of URA, when 32 μM URA aqueous solution was permeated under pressure gradient of 100 Pa across the membrane. Under the circumstance, the imprinted P(AN-co-MAA) membrane bound 7.9 μmol/g of URA with 8.4×10 −6 m 3 /m 2 ·s of volume flux. The imprinted P(AN-co-AA) membrane showed loose selectivity relative to the P(AN-co-MAA) membrane. Binding behavior of URA and dimethyluracil (DMURA) was also compared in both imprinted membranes. Evidence was presented that P(AN-co-MAA) with methacrylic segments was effective for URA imprinting and resulted in high URA selectivity in the permselective binding experiments.


This paper presents a control mechanism for dynamically way-adaptable caches. The mechanism uses the local and global information about the locality of reference during execution. As the local information, the cache access pattern is evaluated based on the statistics of the LRU (Least-Recently Used) states of cache entries referenced. If the memory accesses are concentrated on and near the most recently used entries, the mechanism knows that the locality of reference is very high and there is room to decrease the number of ways activated to fit the current locality. On the other hand, if the accesses are widely distributed from the most recently used entries to the least recently used ones, the mechanism understands that more ways are needed to improve the performance as long as the resources are available. In addition, to examine the global behavior of the locality of reference, an n-bit state machine like n-bit branch predictors is introduced into the mechanism. The state machine traces a sequence of cache resizing requests and evaluates its stability across the execution time. Therefore, the state machine helps the mechanism avoid unstable actions for enabling/disabling cache ways when the locality shows the highly irregular behavior. The experimental results indicate that an n-bit asymmetric state machine using the LRU status information works well to appropriately control cache ways even in the case of the benchmarks with highly-irregular access behaviors in cache references.


The present paper was aimed at promoting countermeasures based on scientific evidence and international cooperation for evaluating the impact on health caused


Ovbective To study the protective effects of 17β-estradiol on isolated ischemic rat hearts in a modified Langendorff model. Methods Thirty rats performed bilateral ovariectomies were divided equally into three groups at random. A three-phase protocol was performed: (1) 15-minutes preperfusion,(2) 30-minutes global ischemia,(3) 30-minutes reperfusion. Treatment with 0.1% DMSO (group D) and 5 μmol/L 17β-estradiol+0.1% DMSO (group E) dissolved in K-H buffer was perfused from sixth minutes of reperfusion. Only K-H was perfused in the ischemia-reperfusion group (group I-R). The left ventricular pressure (LVP) and it's first derivative (±dp/dt max ) and coronary flow (CF) were recorded at the 15th minute of preperfusion and the 30th minute of reperfusion. Creatin phosphokinase (CPK) and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) the coronary effluent,the content of malonaldehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity of myocardium were measured at the 30th minute of reperfusion. Results After 30-minute reperfusion,restoration of heart function of group E treated with 17β-estradiol were better than that of group I-R and group D,with a higher coronary flow,and a lower CPK and LDH level (P0.01). The SOD activity of myocardium was significantly higher and the concentration of myocardial MDA was significantly lower in group E than those in group D and group I-R (P0.01). No statistically significant differences were observed between group I-R and group D. Conclusion 17β-estradiol might protect isolated rat hearts ischemia reperfusion injury in a modified Langendorff model through the possible mechanism of anti-oxidation of 17β-estradiol.


The nanoparticles were produced from chemical wet method. . The produced material dried at a temperature of 80 o C in an oven to form a white powder.The structure of the composite was revealed by XRD with narrow diffraction peaks (002), (121), (123) (001), (110), (004) (003), (031),(132), (130) and (200) with particle size of 1.098nm. The SEM images show porous fine-grained nanostructureZnO nanoparticle


A new design concept for a space manipulator that is called "Torque-unit Manipulator" is proposed. The main advantage of using the Torque-unit Manipulator is ease of maintenance. The position control of the Torque-unit Manipulator is shown to be possible.<<ETX>>


The research aims to find out the influence of teachers certification and attitude at teachers' profession to the pedagogic and professional competencies among of physics teacher. The research is conducted at the centre of teacher's certification in rayon 28 of Gorontalo State University, 2011. The research method is ex post facto, treatment by 2 x 2 level, 3 times design. The respondent is stated by using the multistage sampling technique, 60 teachers. The result stated that: (1) Pedagogic and professional competencies of physical certificated teachers is higher than those who are uncertified yet, (2) The influence of interaction between certification status and attitude on the teachers' profession towards the pedagogic and profession competencies of physical teachers, (3) The teachers who have the positive value of attitude at the profession, pedagogic and professional competencies of physics teachers is higher than uncertified yet, (4) The teachers who have the negative value on attitude at the profession, pedagogic and professional competencies of physics teacher is lower than those who are uncertified yet, (5) Pedagogic competency of the physic teachers who have certificated is higher than those who are uncertified yet, (6) The influence of certification status and attitude on the profession to the pedagogic competency of the physics teacher, (7) The teacher who have positive value towards the profession, pedagogic competency of physics teacher certificated is higher than those who are uncertified yet, (8) The teacher who have negative value on the profession, pedagogic competency of physics teacher certificated is lower than those who are uncertified yet, (9) Professional competency of physics teacher certificated is higher than those who are not certificated yet, (10) the influence of interaction between certificated status and the attitude on the profession of the physics teachers' professional competency, and (11) The teacher who have the positive value to the profession, physics teachers' professional competency certificated is higher than those who are uncertified yet. Finaly there is an effect certification status and attitude to profession towards professional and pedagogic competence either separately or gatherly.


This study aimed to investigate the concentration of some heavy metals in three fish species with high consumption in Shif Island, Bushehr Province, and calculation of the estimated daily intake (EDI), estimated weekly intake (EWI), Target Hazard Quotients (THQ) and hazarded index (HI). Three species viz. Euryglossaorientalis, Argyrops spinifer, and Sillago sihama were collected from the Bushehr coastal water using fishing boat. After the transfer of samples to the laboratory, the heavy metals were extracted and analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). Based on the results, the average concentrations of Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn and Ni in E. orientalis were 10.02, 8.33, 1.18, 0.80, and 0.86 mg/kg, in A. spinifer 7.25, 5.75, 0.74, 0.43, and 0.37 mg/kg,  and in S. sihama 6.20 , 8.27, 0.60, 0.47, and 1.28 mg/kg, respectively. Daily and weekly intake values in all three studied species in the group of children were higher than the adult group. The highest and lowest daily and weekly intake rates were observed for Fe in the E. orientalis and Cu in A. spinifer . The Target hazard quotient (THQ) and Hazard index (HI) for both adults and children showed less than 1. Also, the comparison of metal concentrations showed that the concentration of Mn in all three species and Ni in E. orientalis and S. sihama were higher than the WHO standard.


For satellite and land mobile communication systems, circularly polarized antennas with good axial ratio over wide angular range are required. Small and lightweight antennas with good characteristics are needed in the particular case of mobile terminals. However, realization of small antennas with good axial ratio over wide angular range is difficult because of amplitude and phase differences between two orthogonal components of electric field in the wide range of angle. Dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) has several merits such as small size, low loss characteristics and flexible design for system requirements. For circularly polarized DRA, many types of DRA have been proposed such as a DRA excited by a cross-slot [1], a cross-rectangular DRA [2], and a DRA with a parasitic element [3]. A cylindrical DRA with parasitic element has been studied and low axial ratio was realized [4]. Though the DRA has 3 dB axial ratio within ±48° beam width, DRA with wider beam width are possible through changing shape of the dielectric resonator. We have proposed a truncated pyramidal DRA to improve axial ratio in the wide range of angle [5]. The angular range of 3 dB axial ratio of the truncated pyramidal DRA could be ±62°. In this paper, circularly polarized truncated conical DRA (TC-DRA) is investigated to have rotational symmetry of the radiation pattern and axial ratio. Relative power and phase differences between field components of Eθ and Eφ are analysed by the use of FEM. The effect of conical shape on relative power of Eθ component is shown in wide angular range for TC-DRAs. Measurement results are shown to confirm calculation results.


Metacognition has positive influence on English reading comprehension for Non-English Major Students.Teachers should pay more attention to develop the students' metacognitive strategies during teaching English,to stimulate their learning motivation,so that college students' reading ability can be greatly improved by using metacognitive strategies in their English reading comprehension.


The article is aimed at a discussion of Habermas' theory of communicative action on two levels: the level of principles of Habermasian ethics and the question of relevance of Habermas' ideas for democratic order. The author develops her argument by reconstructing Habermas notion of communicative rationality and the normative idea of the ideal speech situation. The author discusses the thesis of colonization of the lifeworld by the system and overviews the critiques of the abstract and idealistic form that Habermas illuminates the possibilities of a dialogue between competent agents. In the face of the critiques, the author attempts to discuss the relevance of Habermas' ideas for understanding the practical issues in contemporary societies by overviewing the possible ways that Habermas' ideas were applied.


Since 1991, survey expectations of long-run output growth for the U.S. relative to the rest of the world exhibit a pattern strikingly similar to that of the U.S. current account, and thus also to global imbalances. We show that this …nding can to a large extent be rationalized in a two-region stochastic growth model simulated using expected trend growth …ltered from observed productivity. In line with the intertemporal approach to the current account, a major part of the buildup of the U.S. current account de…cit appears to be driven by the optimal response of households and …rms to improved growth prospects. Keywords: open economy, stochastic trend growth, Kalman …lter, news shocks JEL classi…cation: F32, E13, E32, D83, O40. We thank Toni Braun, Dale Henderson, Heinz Herrmann, Robert Kollmann, Eric Leeper, Wolfgang Lemke, Thomas Lubik, Enrique Mendoza, Gernot Müller, Franck Portier, Stephanie Schmitt-Grohé, Lars Svensson, Mathias Trabandt, Alexander Wolman, and participants of the Bundesbank Workshop on Global Imbalances and the Crisis, the Bundesbank Spring Conference 2010, the SCE/CEF 2010 conference in London, the SEEK/CEPR 2012 Workshop in Mannheim, the EEA 2012 Meetings in Malaga, and seminar participants at the Sveriges Riksbank, the Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond, Österreichische Nationalbank and at the universities of Würzburg, Bonn, Münster, and Giessen for useful comments and discussions. Most of this research was completed while Laubach was at Goethe University Frankfurt and research professor at the Bundesbank. He gratefully acknowledges the hospitality and …nancial support of the Bundesbank during that time. The views expressed in this paper are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily re‡ect those of the Deutsche Bundesbank, the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, or the sta¤s of either institution.


The purpose of the research was to study the views of leading economists on the relationship of economic
development and gender equality indicators. The basis of the research was the scientific achievements
of modern economic theory and sociology, scientific achievements of foreign scientists concerning gender
aspects of economic development. Conducted own research also confirmed the link between economic
development and gender equality in the country. With the help of the econometric analysis the statistics of
the World Bank and the annual report of the World Economic Forum were analyzed. Based on the results
of the research the necessity of gender equality for sustainable development in Ukraine was proved


An essential element in the implicit agreement between a company and an investor is that the investor will receive meaningful information on how the company in which they have invested in is progressing. This obligation is expected to be substantially discharged through Annual Reports. The Annual Reports are the mirror the financial position and operating strength or weakness of the concern. These Reports are useful to investors (present and prospective), creditors, bankers, workers, government and public at large. The varied and diverse groups such as investors, government, industry, community, employees, customers, vendors, analysts, and media are all interested in very different aspects of a company. Each group will want to see its own interests are reflected in the Annual Report. An Annual Report is a comprehensive report on a company's activities throughout the preceding year. Annual reports are intended to give shareholders and other interested people information about the company's activities and financial performance. Most jurisdictions require companies to prepare and disclose annual reports, and many require at the annual report to be filled at the company' registry. Companies listed on a stock exchange are also required to report at more frequent intervals


Labour's internal crisis, which had led to clashes over the content of election manifestos in 1974 and 1979, worsened in the early 1980s with both the Left and the Right of the party claiming to act as 'custodians of the manifesto'. Some of those unhappy with the growing authority of the Labour Left broke away to create the Social Democratic Party (SDP) in 1981. While the SDP sought to 'break the mould' of British politics, the Alliance struggled to define a coherent progressive programme and identity. Labour's disastrous 'suicide note' manifesto in 1983 led to a change of approach, from 1987 it stressed the moderate nature of its programme. Tony Blair drew inspiration from Thatcher's approach, centring the New Labour programme in 1997 around a small series of pledges, which were presented as a 'contract' with the British people.


Huangmei dialect belongs to the Chu language. It has many characteristics in respects of pronunciation, vocabulary and grammar. This paper discusses the personal pronouns of the dialect. It starts with a brief introduction of the phonological systems of the dialect. And then, the several kinds of the personal pronouns are described in detail and their characteristics are revealed.


The link between the place-name Lauro and the ancient history of the eastern part of Valles region (Barcelona) is a constant throughout historiography. In this paper, this ancient Lauro serves as a guide to present the results of a research conducted in a small area, which due to archaeological data complexity has been of great interest to study the dynamics of territorial structuration in one of the first rural areas conquered by Rome outside the Italian peninsula. From Landscape Archaeology conceptual and methodological tools, extensive and intensive archaeological surveys have been developed. The collected materials and the documented structural remains have allowed us to define settlement and human occupation in a chronology ranging from the development of indigenous (Iberian) societies to the consolidation of the Roman Empire –ivth bc-iith ad–. The results of these works set out the elements to analyse the impact of Roman conquest in settlement evolution at a micro-regional scale. The studied area may represent a model to contrast in other regions and to discuss in future works.


Introduction Lithium has been one of the oldest substances used in psychiatric treatments and remains the first-line treatment for prevention of manic and depressive episodes of bipolar disorder (BD), but it has also a wide spectrum of side-effects. Objectives The goal is to review efficacy, and clinical use of lithium, such as its side effects, and its benefit-to-risk ratio. Methods Non-systematic literature review based on scientific databases such as PubMed. Results The first modern use of lithium was for the treatment of mania. Lithium has also proven useful in major depression, particularly for augmentation of antidepressants, for aggressive behavior and it has a specific antisuicide effect. Lithium's prophylactic and antisuicidal effects are most unique. However, the use of lithium became problematic due to the serious toxicity since lithium also a narrow therapeutic index, with therapeutic levels between 0.6 and 1.5 mEq/L. Conclusions Awareness of the benefits and risks of lithium is essential for the use of this lifesaving agent. Lithium levels must be carefully monitored and lithium dosage adjusted as necessary. Disclosure No significant relationships.


Abstract: Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik, shepherd's purse, is a cosmopolitan summer or winter annual weed species distributed throughout temperate and subtropical regions of the world and is considered one of the most common plants on earth. It is an opportunistic annual that colonizes newly disturbed, open or dry environments and is ubiquitous in cultivated lands in Canada. In annual crops in western Canada, C. bursa-pastoris has been among the 20 most abundant weeds since the first weed surveys in 1970. It is most easily distinguished by its small white four-petalled flowers and its heart-shaped seed-pods, but exhibits considerable variation in leaf shape and flowering time. It has been used for food and medicine by numerous cultures. Its golden-brown seeds are produced in large numbers predominantly through self-pollination and can form a substantial seed bank, with reported values ranging to several hundred thousand seeds m−2. While seeds usually disperse near the mother plant, long-distance dispersal by attaching to vehicles, people and other vectors may be facilitated by its mucilaginous coat. Capsella bursa-pastoris does not produce fertile hybrids with other species of economic or ecological significance. It is generally well controlled by soil-applied and foliar (post-emergence) herbicides although its presence in agricultural fields may result in substantial yield loss, as documented in cole crops in North America and grain crops in Europe. The species can host a wide range of insect, nematode, fungal, viral, and bacterial pests that may damage crop species.


The establishment and development of a socialist market economy have produced both positive and negative effects on the change of personality in China.In light of this situation,it is imperative to take active measures to solve the problems existing in the process of the change of personality.


It is found that exact and perturbative treatments of the imaginary potential at sub-Coulomb energies in /sup 12/C+/sup 12/C provide close agreement in calculations of both the real and imaginary phase shifts at energies away from resonance.


To the Editor:

In the special article on consent issues in the management of cerebrovascular diseases,1 the authors put the cart before the horse by emphasizing the tradeoff between immediate risk and long-term benefit. They note that for carotid endarterectomy, accurate local data on morbidity and mortality for the surgical and medical options are essential components of the adequate-information component of informed consent. They neglect evidence that this information is usually not available2-4 and is difficult to empirically ascertain,3 and do not mention that there is evidence suggesting little or no benefit in many locales.3-5 The following discussion concentrates on endarterectomy for high-grade symptomatic stenosis.

The benefit demonstrated in NASCET6 is based (among other caveats) on a 2.1% major complication (major stroke or death) rate with benefits diminishing until they disappear at a rate of 10%.6 In clinical practice, many surgeons are performing endarterectomies with unacceptable complication rates. From 1992 to 1993, the perioperative …


Abstract 1202 Transducin-like/Enhancer of Split 4 ( TLE4 ), a homolog of the master developmental regulator in Drosophila , Groucho, is a co repressor previously described by our group as the putative tumor suppressor lost in a subset of t(8:21) AML patients also harboring 9q deletion. TLE4 has been found to be of fundamental importance in the repressive function of multiple highly conserved transcriptional complexes, including Hes1, Tcf/Lef, CSL, Runx1-3, and Pax5, all of which have been shown to be intimately connected to normal steady state hematopoiesis and deregulated in malignancy. Owing to its deletion in leukemia and its ability to confer functionality to a variety of signaling networks, our lab sought to investigate its role in hematopoiesis by generating a murine knockout model for Tle4 . While normal at birth, within 2–3 weeks of age knockout (KO) animals become runted and eventually moribund by the time of weaning. Gross examination of the spleen and thymus in 3 week old animals reveals significant atrophy of these organs with severe abnormalities in normal tissue architecture. Tle4 −/− mice lack clear demarcations between medullary and cortical regions of the thymus, in addition to having a significant increase in apoptosis seen via TUNEL staining. FACS analysis of the thymus shows CD4/CD8 double positive cells are heavily reduced in KOs, with an increase in both single positive mature populations. Additionally, there is a partial, but not complete, block in T cell progenitor development through TCR rearrangement (DN2-DN3 stages). Structural defects are seen in the spleen as well, with a failure in the formation of follicular zones. B cells are significantly reduced with an increase in CD11b+ cells in the spleen, in addition to a shift in the percentages of B1, B2, and marginal zone B cells in some animals. Histological examination of the long bones reveals dramatic abnormalities, both in hematopoietic and bone lineages. Tle4 −/− mice exhibit a reduction in calcified bone, a dysplastic and reduced hypertrophic zone, and reabsorption of the trabecular region. These mice also have a gradual clearing of the marrow itself, with 2 week old animals first showing evidence of cytopenia that then progresses to full marrow failure by 3–3.5 weeks of age. The bone marrow exhibits a marked leukocytopenia, with a clear B lymphocytopenia as in the spleen. Furthermore, within the bone marrow, there is an increase in the number of CD4 and decrease in the number of CD8 T cells. ProB staging of developing B cells also trends towards a partial arrest in the transitions from the A through C fractions. When analyzed for progenitor populations, KO mice show severe reductions in the number of common lymphoid progenitors, while myeloid progenitors show no particular shifts in population frequency. Finally, there is a significant decrease in HSCs, defined as lin-Sca1+Ckit++ (LSK). In order to assess whether the hematological phenotype observed in these mice are of a cell intrinsic or extrinsic nature, transplants were performed using embryonic day 13.5 fetal liver and 2 week old bone marrow. Analysis of recipient animals 16 weeks after transplant revealed leukocytopenia with a specific reduction in B cells in the blood, however the T cell and LSK defects seen in donor animals was not observed. Furthermore, when LSK CD34+ Flt3+ or – cells from KO or WT 2 week old animals were plated on OP9 cells over-expressing Deltex1 or GFP , there were no defects in T, B, or CD11b+ cell production. The unique spectrum of phenotypic consequences concomitant to Tle4 deletion argues for a complex yet fundamental role in the maintenance of the hematopoietic niche. As illustrated by the ability to recapitulate some yet not all of the KO hematological aberrations in transplants, it appears that Tle4 9s involvement in lineage commitment is heterotypic in nature, an unsurprising finding considering its direct involvement in multiple highly conserved signaling pathways. Considering its principal role in those pathways, continued efforts to investigate the role the TLE family of corepressors play in the bone marrow niche may prove vital in reworking our paradigms for both normal and malignant hematopoiesis. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


1. Trainor PA, Dixon J, Dixon MJ. Treacher Collins syndrome: Etiology, pathogenesis and prevention. Eur J Hum Genet 2009;17:275-83. 2. Park R, Peyton JM, Fiadjoe JE, Hunyady AI, Kimball T, Zurakowski D, et al. PeDI collaborative investigators. The efficacy of GlideScope videolaryngoscopy compared with direct laryngoscopy in children who are difficult to intubate: An analysis from the paediatric difficult intubation registry. Br J Anaesth 2017;119:984-92. 3. Ebata T, Nishiki S, Masuda A, Amaha K. Anaesthesia for Treacher Collins syndrome using a laryngeal mask airway. Can J Anaesth 1991;38:1043-5. 4. Sun Y, Lu Y, Huang Y, Jiang H. Pediatric video laryngoscope versus direct laryngoscope: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Paediatr Anaesth 2014;24:1056-65. 5. Hosking J, Zoanetti D, Carlyle A, Gosti D. Anesthesia for Treacher Collins syndrome: A review of airway management in 240 pediatric cases. Paediatr Anaesth 2012;22:752-8.


With a market for Unmanned Aerial Aircrafts (UAV) exploding and in an age were composite materials are used to construct light and flexible structures it is of importance to have the knowledge of h ...


Family planning program has been designated to be gender awareness, but in practicethere are state hegemony against women happened, makes women participated higher thanmen in according to reach program target. This is happened pushed by several factor such asideology factor, contraception devices supply, economy factor, location of programsocialization factor, and state policy factor. To avoid women from state hegemony herebycan be advised to provided a balance suplly of contraception devices between women andmen, and also on their socialization.


Objectives: The aim of the study was to assess inducibility of left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) gradient by change of position from supine to upright and by treadmill exercise in treated patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) without obstruction at rest. Methods: We studied 37 treated HCM patients (21 men and 16 women, mean age 44 ± 12 years) with LVOT gradient <30 mmHg at rest in supine position. The patients were then placed in upright position and the gradient was reexamined. The patients who developed LVOT gradient ≥30 mmHg during this maneuver were not exercised, whereas the remaining patients (nonobstructive in orthostatic position) performed moderate‐intensity exercise on a treadmill, with continuous monitoring of the LVOT gradient. For comparison with resting measurements, gradients at peak exercise (in upright position) and at recovery (in supine position) were used. The resting minimal distance between the mitral valve and ventricular septum at systole was used to assess the degree of narrowing of LVOT. Results: The orthostatic position provoked LVOT gradient ≥30 mmHg in 8 of 37 patients. At peak exercise, 10 of the remaining 29 patients developed significant LVOT gradient. At recovery in supine position, this significant gradient disappeared in 6 of 10 patients, despite only a short delay in measurement. Of resting echocardiographic parameters, only systolic mitral–septal distance differentiated between the provocable and nonprovocable subgroups. Patients with provocable gradient (either by changing position or by exercise) presented with lower values of this parameter than the nonprovacable subgroup. Conclusions: In nonobstructive HCM patients under treatment, the LVOT gradient was inducible by upright position in 21.6% and by upright moderate exercise in 34.5%. The minimal septal–mitral distance may be useful to identify patients with provocable obstruction.


Pressurized irrigation is one of the proposed plans to resolve the Urmia lake crisis. The effects of such plan can be assessed using the hydrological simulation. But different agricultural management approaches and uncertainty in the model inputs lead to complexity in the basin modeling which in turn increases the uncertainty of model outputs. The main purpose of this study is to determine the effect of the pressurized irrigation on Zarinehrud basin as the largest sub-basin of the Urmia Lake basin. For this purpose, by determining the probable scenarios of water demand, the impact of these scenarios on the basin hydrological components were simulated with SWAT model. Then by combining the results of the scenarios, the uncertainty bounds of the hydrological components were estimated using Bayesian model averaging (BMA). The results showed that the annual average of upper and lower bound of the basin outflow will be 1391 and 1316 MCM. Also irrigation efficiency in the field scale and in the basin scale varied between 40-47 and 78-81 percent, respectively. In case the pressurized irrigation is applied, the annual average of upper and lower bound of the basin outflow will be 1322 and 1364 MCM which did not show a significant change compared to the current conditions.


Isolation is a critical mechanism for enhancing the security of computer systems. By controlling the access privileges of software and hardware resources, isolation mechanisms can decouple software into multiple isolated components and enforce the principle of least privilege. While existing isolation systems primarily focus on memory isolation, they overlook the isolation of instruction and register resources, which we refer to as ISA (Instruction Set Architecture) resources. However, previous works have shown that exploiting ISA resources can lead to serious security problems, such as breaking the system's memory isolation property by abusing x86's CR3 register. Furthermore, existing hardware only provides privilege-level-based access control for ISA resources, which is too coarse-grained for software decoupling. For example, ARM Cortex A53 has several hundred system instructions/registers, but only four exception levels (EL0 to EL3) are provided. Additionally, more than 100 instructions/registers for system control are available in only EL1 (the kernel mode). To address this problem, this paper proposes ISA-Grid, an architecture of fine-grained privilege control for instructions and registers. ISA-Grid is a hardware extension that enables the creation of multiple ISA domains, with each domain having different privileges to access instructions and registers. The ISA domain can provide bit-level fine-grained privilege control for registers. We implemented prototypes of ISA-Grid based on two different CPU cores: 1) a RISC-V CPU core on an FPGA board and 2) an x86 CPU core on a simulator. We applied ISA-Grid to different cases, including Linux kernel decomposition and enhancing existing security systems, to demonstrate how ISA-Grid can isolate ISA resources and mitigate attacks based on abusing them. The performance evaluation results on both x86 and RISC-V platforms with real-world applications showed that ISA-Grid has negligible runtime overhead (less than 1%).


And nanostructured materials, and a host material which is mixed with the material of the nanostructure, optoelectronic devices of the nano structure is provided. The host material may have a higher refractive index than the material of the nanostructure. Refractive index of the host material can be chosen to maximize the effective active area of the device. In an alternative embodiment, the host material, scattering centers, or absorbs light and re-emit light at different energy absorption / luminescent centers or includes them both.


Abstract: Starting from estrone 3-benzyloxy-17-hydroxy-16,17-secoestra-1,3,5(10)-triene- 16-nitrile (1) was synthesized in several synthetic steps. This compound was the key intermediate in the syntheses of other 17-substituted-16,17-secoestrone derivatives. Among them 3-hydroxy-17-bromo-16,17-secoestra-1,3,5(10)-triene-16-nitrile (5) is of special interest, because of its antiestrogenic activity, with no estrogenic properties. For this reason an alternative pathway for the synthesis of this compound was sought. The structures of 3-benzyloxy-17-bromo-16,17-secoestra-1,3,5(10)-triene- 16-nitrile (compound 2) and 3-hydroxy-17-p-toluenesulphonyloxy-16,17-secoestra 1,3,5(10)-triene-16-nitrile (compound 4), intermediates in the two different synthetic pathways used to obtain the desired compound 5, were unambiguously proved by appropriate X-ray structural analyses. The puckering, asymmetry parameters and torsion angles of compounds 2 and 4 are discussed and molecular-mechanic calculations for them were performed.


Background: Treat to target (T2T) strategy for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) aims to achieve remission or low disease activity. On the other hand, biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDs) have shown to be effective to achieve clinical remission or, at least, low disease activity in patients with RA. On the other hand, comprehensive healthcare programs have demonstrated good clinical outcomes in patients with chronic conditions. Objectives: The aim of this study was to describe global change in Disease Activity Score 28 (DAS28) in patients receiving biological therapy during 5 years, and who were subjected to a multidisciplinary care program. Methods: A descriptive cohort study was conducted. Medical records of patients from specialized in RA center were reviewed during 2015-2017; those patients were followed-up under T2T standards and a multidisciplinary approach. Clinical follow-up was designed by the authors according to DAS28 as follows: every 3-5 weeks (DAS28 > 5.1), every 7-9 weeks (DAS28 ≥ 3.1 and ≤ 5.1), and every 11-13 weeks (DAS28 < 3.1). Tender joint count (TJC), swollen joint count (SJC) and DAS28 were measured on each visit. Therapy had to be adjusted with DAS28 > 3.2 unless patient's conditions don't permit it; we considered this follow-up type as implementation of a T2T strategy in patients with RA. Patients entered into a multidisciplinary program of care with periodic consultations not only to rheumatology but with a physiatrist, psychologist, physiotherapist, occupational therapy nutrition, and, a patient focused program. With a multidisciplinary model of care the patient is seen as a whole, and the expectation is to achieve the best results in the management of RA. We divided patients in four groups: remission (REM), low disease activity (LDA), moderate disease activity (MDA) and high disease activity (HDA) patients and the aim of the study was to look at what percentage of patients who were in moderate or severe disease activity reached a low disease activity or remission. Descriptive epidemiology was done, we calculated means, and standard deviations for continuous variables and categorical variables were presented as rates. We compared disease activity at base line and at the end of follow-up. Results: 747 patients meet our inclusion criteria, 85% of our patients were women, median age was 57 years RIQ (50-64); The most prescribed bDMARD was certolizumab 25% followed by etanercept 14%, tocilizumab 12%, abatacept 12%, golimumab 10% rituximab 8%, adalimumab 7%, infliximab 6% and Tofacitinib 6%. At beginning 53% of patients were in moderate disease activity and, 25% in high disease activity while at the end of follow up 89% of patients had achieved remission. See Table 1. It was stablished statistical significance between changes in median DAS28 at beginning and, at the end of follow-up (P<0.05).Table 1 Comparison of DAS28 ACTIVITY LEVEL BASELINE 5 YEAR FOLLOW-UP n % n % REM 653 88.60 LDA 177 23 37 5.02 MDA 388 53 47 5.97 HDA 182 24 3 0.41 Conclusion: Biological therapy is effective for treating patients with RA, there was an evident global improvement of DAS28 in a cohort of RA patients. Also, our findings agree with other studies where T2T programs have shown improvements in disease activity in patients with RA. Thus, multidisciplinary T2T comprehensive healthcare programs should be widely implemented in patients with RA. Disclosure of Interests: Pedro Santos-Moreno Grant/research support from: Dr Santos has received research grants from Janssen, Abbvie and UCB, Speakers bureau: Dr Santos has received speaker fees from Sanofi, Lilly, Bristol, Pfizer, Abbvie, Janssen and UCB, Michael Cabrera: None declared, Diana Buitrago-Garcia: None declared, Eva Cardozo: None declared, Ivania Ramirez: None declared, Danny Gomez: None declared, Edwin Castillo: None declared, Sandra Farietta: None declared


The aim of this study was to gain insight into the relationships between job demands and workaholism and job resources and work engagement. A positive relationship between job demands and workaholism was expected, as well as between job resources and work engagement. Also, the concept persistence rules, i.e. reasons people use to determine whether to stop or continue a task, was expected to explain these relationships. The survey was conducted among 340 employees of a Dutch university. The results of this study show a positive relationship between job demands and workaholism, which is partially mediated by the enough continuation rule. In addition a positive relationship between job resources and work engagement, partially mediated by the enjoyment continuation rule was found. These findings provide an insight into the underlying psychological processes responsible for workaholism and work engagement.


Overworked December air - oh to find a way through days of smog, the layer cake of fin de siecle, the unemployed, their Stare...


New types of biomass regenerated fiber are booming through research and development in recent years and how to regulate their nomenclature and label their products has become an issue with which we are confronted. The paper analyzed textile and apparel technological regulations of major trading countries,and found that the labelling of products is mandatory and permanent. At the same time,the paper addressed the terms, definitions and fiber components of biomass regenerated fiber through qualitative analysis and quantitative measurement. Suggestions on nomenclature regulation,identification and content measurement of biomass regenerated fibers were given,as well as joining international conferance for preparing international test standards of biomass regenerated fibers.


Interest in entrepreneurship is the tendency of a person to have an interest, a
sense of pleasure and a desire to entrepreneurship and confidence in him that he
was able to achieve success. This study aims to examine the extent of the influence
of resilience to entrepreneurship interest in students. This research uses
quantitative research with cross-sectional study approach, with data collection
technique using accidental sampling technique. The subjects in this study are
students of the University of Muhammadiyah Malang active 8th semester with an
age range of about 20-26 years, with the number of subjects as many as 333
students. The scale used in this research is the scale of adaptation from previous
research on resilience and entrepreneurship interest. The results of this study
indicate that there is a positive influence of 19.7% which means that the higher
the resilience the higher interest in entrepreneurship, and the lower the resilience
the lower the interest of entrepreneurship.


The effect of hydrogen plasma exposure on the deep level defects present in GaAs grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) has been investigated by deep level transient spectroscopy and by photoluminescence. The three commonly observed defects in MBE grown layers, the M1, M2, and M4 levels, found to be present at a total concentration of 5×1013 cm−3, are completely passivated by exposure to the hydrogen plasma. At low carrier concentration, in samples where surface recombination is suppressed by a thin GaxAl1−xAs cap, passivation of these defects increases photoluminescence efficiency by factors of 30 and 100 at 298 and 77 K, respectively. Defect passivation occurs in addition to the previously reported donor neutralization, but, whereas the latter is removed by a 400 °C, 5 min anneal, the former remains fully effective. Only upon 600 °C, 5 min annealing does the defect level passivation begin to be lost. Thus there is a wide temperature window within which it is possible to regain the carrier concentration w...


Existence of uvarovite has not been reported so far in Japan. Specimens labeled uvarovite crystals from 19 localities in Sakurai Collection were analysed by an electronprobe microanalyser, confirming some uvarovite crystals. Uvarovite and Cr-bearing andradite occur in a fine vein in aggregate of chromite or magnesiochromite. In serpentine with diopside or talc occur uvarovite, Cr-bearing andradite and Cr-bearing grossular.


The electron correlation effect for inter-shell have been analysed in terms of Fermi hole and partial Fermi hole for Li-atom in the excited states (1s2 3p) and (1s2 3d) using Hartree-Fock approximation (HF). Fermi hole Δf(r12) and partial Fermi hole Δg(r12 ,r1) were determined in position space. Each plot of the physical properties in this work is normalized to unity. The calculation was performed using Mathcad 14 program.


Herein, we report the first Cu-catalyzed one-step method for the synthesis of 1,2,4-oxadiazoles from stable, less toxic, and readily available amides and organic nitriles by a rare oxidative N-O bond formation using O2 as sole oxidant. This


Polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMNL) count is employed as an immune status indicator for diagnosis of numerous medical conditions. Currently, assessment of PMNLs (i.e., neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils) is a part of complete blood count (CBC) that is performed by trained technicians at healthcare centers and involves sample preparation which is costly and time consuming, both of which limits monitoring frequency. A prominent application of PMNL counting is in identification of neutropenia—a condition describing an abnormally low number of neutrophils in the bloodstream (<1500/μL)—common among cancer patients receiving chemotherapy. Susceptibility to infections in neutropenia patients puts them at an increased risk for medical emergencies, and thus requires constant monitoring of their neutrophil count. Therefore, a portable and easy-to-use, in-home device can potentially circumvent these requirements and enable neutropenia diagnosis. In this work, we demonstrate the feasibility of accurately identifying PMNL subtypes using deep-ultraviolet (UV) microscopy as label-free molecular imaging technique. Our approach benefits from quantitative endogenous molecular information provided by deep-UV imaging, to enable assessment of different cell types based on their molecular and structural signatures. We show the ability of our system to measure neutrophil count in samples containing a mixture of PMNL subtypes as well as whole blood samples by extracting various features from deep-UV images and performing classification to obtain cell count for each subtype. Finally, we will discuss the potential of this technology to empower cancer patients and improve their quality of life via a simple and relatively inexpensive device for point-of-care neutropenia assessment.


A surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor with high sensitivity and symmetrical double channel is proposed. A side hole fiber has been considered as a platform of the proposed sensor. Detailed numerical calculation is carried out with the full-vector finite-element method. A polarization-maintaining single mode fiber considered for the simulation purposes two symmetrical holes introduced in the boundary of the core-cladding interface for dual-channel detection purpose. Metal layers are introduced in the inner wall of the hole. Numerically computed results show that the sensor can work in the range of different refractive index (RI) from 1.30 to 1.43. Sensitivity can be reached as high as 8800nm/RIU around 1.43. The average sensitivity of the developed sensors is 5160nm/RIU is obtained.


As soon as the transport services of wagon owners entered the market the organization of empty wagon traffi c started to attract great attention. Due to domination of the private wagon fl eet there arise a number of problems. The author has revealed the reasons causing the problems of organization of empty wagon traffi c, analyzed the problems of organizing the transportation of empty wagons and proposed to manage the process by means of wagon fl eet consolidation.


Since the present invention relates to an assembly formed by a series of longitudinal members and transverse members, all identical to each other longitudinal members, cross members and all identical to each other, so that only a portion required to form the two types of structures. Since the shape of the portion, so it can be assembled to each other to form a solid structure, without any material or other connection elements. Longitudinal member including a series of grooves, laterally narrowing section member inserted into the series of grooves. Once the cross member has been inserted into the groove, the cross member is trapped in the groove, and to prevent such movement in the opposite direction for the other cross member is inserted into the longitudinal member disposed for this purpose by moving the longitudinal member slot.


The authors analyze the contents of new documents located in the Archivo General de Simancas, relating to the life and work of the sculptor Huberto Aleman, who served queen Isabel la Catolica.


To examine how skilled nursing facility (SNF) nurses transition the care of individuals admitted from hospitals, the barriers they experience, and the outcomes associated with variation in the quality of transitions.


The blood of 107 patients undergoing venography for suspected deep vein thrombosis (DVT) was tested for D-Dimers using enzyme immunoassay (EIA) and two latex agglutination techniques. D-Dimer levels by EIA were raised in 88% of patients with proven DVT. However, levels detected with the two agglutination tests were much less sensitive, being raised in only 43% patients with DVT. A more sensitive rapid screening test is needed to provide a useful non-invasive test for the exclusion of DVT.


Studies of the interference effect in mixed-type forbidden lines with hyperfine structure are reported. Hyperfine structure and Zeeman patterns at various magnetic fields were obtained for three lines of Bi i and one line of Bi ii. Differences in intensity distribution for patterns observed in the L and π directions (ΔM = ±1 components) caused by the interference between electric-quadrupole (EQ) and magnetic-dipole (MD) radiation were looked for. Since the number of Zeeman components is very large (in hundreds), only a general contour of a line broadened by the field could be observed. A special computer program was designed to obtain the predicted contour for various values of the mixing ratio of EQ and MD radiation. The external parameters entered into the program are the J and I values; gJ, A, and B hyperfine-structure constants for each level involved; and the magnitude of the external magnetic field. The selection of profiles best matching the experimental patterns leads to an estimate of the EQ admixture in a given spectral line. The values found were 2.5 ± 0.5% for 4597 A, 6.5 ± 0.5% for 4615 A, and 16 ± 1% for 6476 A of Bi i and 3 ± 1% for 4850 A of Bi ii.


The World Health Organization (WHO) recognizes the quality of life related to oral health (CVRSB) as an integral partof overall health and wellness, while malocclusions are dentofacial morphological variations can affect the health statusoptimal of the oral cavity in their morphological, functional or aesthetic aspects that vary according to ethnic groups,geographical areas, classification method, thus affecting the daily activities of individuals, in their well-being or qualityof life. We consider this revision addressed to the Andean population, clinically seen that are affected by various types ofanomalies dentomaxilofaciales. Therefore the aim of this article is to analyze the impact of malocclusions in the quality oflife demonstrating the need to implement the policies health sector orthodontic treatment in adolescents in the Andean areaaffected in the psychosocial aspect that interferes quality of life.


Systems and methods for driving a display of MEMS devices are disclosed. In one embodiment, a display device comprises an array of MEMS display elements, at least one test deflecting element, and a deflection sensing circuit connected to the test deflecting element, the deflection sensing circuit being configured to monitor deflection of the test deflecting element without actuating the test deflection element and to provide a signal indicative of one or more parameters affecting operation of the array of MEMS display elements based on the deflection.


AADL (Architectural Analysis & Design Language) is an architecture description language standard for embedded real-time systems, and it is widely used in aerospace and other safety-critical applications. However, the AADL standard lacks at present a formal semantics. This paper proposes a formal semantics and a verification framework of AADL models with regard to mode change. The precise semantics of AADL mode change protocol is defined by a translation into the TASM (Timed Abstract State Machine) formalism. Then the translational semantics is automated in the AADL2TASM tool, which provides model checking and simulation for AADL models. Finally, the approach is validated with a case study of an automotive cruise control system.


Objective To explore the clinic value of the application of Ultrasound cardiogram in aged patients′ hypertensive heart disease(HHD). Methods 37 cases were selected from the hypertension disease patients who were age from 60 to 80, and 24 age-matched normal person were chosen in the study, Used the Ultrasound cardiogram to monitor the heart, compared and analyzed the difference between the groups of hypertension and nonhypertension.Results Compare the groups of aged hypertensive heart disease(HHD)and nonhypertensions, the heart IVS and LVPW of the aged patients with hypertensive heart disease(HHD)were thicker(P0.01), and increased significantly in LA,distention of aorta(AO)(P0.01), and E/A reduced significantly, there was statistical significance(P0.05).Conclusion The Ultrasound cardiogram can be used as a regular checking method in aged patients′ hypertensive heart disease(HHD), and there is important clinic value in learning the changing of the heart structures and functions of aged patients′ hypertensive patients.


Population inference of gravitational-wave catalogs is a useful tool to translate observations of black hole mergers into constraints on compact-binary formation. Different formation channels predict identifiable signatures in the astrophysical distributions of source parameters, such as masses and spins. One example within the scenario of isolated binary evolution is mass-ratio reversal: even assuming efficient core-envelope coupling in massive stars and tidal spin-up of the stellar companion by the first-born black hole, a compact binary with a lighter, nonspinning first-born black hole and a heaver, spinning second-born black hole can still form through mass transfer from the initially more to less massive progenitor. Using current LIGO/Virgo observations, we measure the fraction of sources in the underlying population with this mass-spin combination and interpret it as a constraint on the occurrence of mass-ratio reversal in massive binary stars. We modify commonly-used population models by including negligible-spin subpopulations and, most crucially, nonidentical component spin distributions. We do not find evidence for subpopulations of black holes with negligible spins and measure the fraction of massive binary stars undergoing mass-ratio reversal to be consistent with zero and $<32{{\%}}$ ($99{{\%}}$ confidence). The dimensionless spin peaks around 0.2–0.3 appear robust, however, and are yet to be explained by progenitor formation scenarios.


Mixed-cation double tungstate and molybdate compounds recently gained growing interest with respect to their optical and magnetical properties. Due to their uniaxial optical character, especially mixed-cation, scheelite-type compounds were studied in detail because of their potential application as laser disc hosts for diode-pumping applications [1-3]. Early structural investigations assumed a statistical distribution in mixed-cation compounds resulting in an average structure isotypical to the structure of scheelite (CaWO4) with space group I41/a. In contrast, recent X-ray powder studies found evidence for weak superstructure peaks with a doubling of the c-axis pointing to an at least local ordering [4].


There are many outstanding programs of continuing education for engineers offered by universities. But rather than use these as a basis for discussion, we shall consider the role of the university in continuing education and the principles upon which programs should be based. Industry and the engineering professional societies have important roles in continuing education, but the university must accept the primary responsibility.


One of the main affairs in organizations is making use of ICT tools and capabilities in order to integrate information and information systems across the organizations and increase productivity in all levels. For this, there are different enterprise architecture (EA) models, methodologies, and frameworks such as EAP, FEAF, TOGAF, etc. which contribute organizations in achieving an ICT Master Plan. Whereas these methodologies are general and they're not designed for different industries in an expert manner, therefore they might consume much time and cost and cause disintegration in being implemented. In respect to wideness of ICT development activities in organizations and also variety of industries, there is need for ICT reference models for specific industries so that we can consider all technical aspects of developing ICT in organizations and also integrate ICT developing activities to reach e-government. In this paper, we have selected an appropriate ICT technical reference model (TRM) and customized it according to Iran conditions


An optical waveguide set, such as an optical fiber ribbon (110), with respect to each other, to the printed circuit board, or to the backplane, an optical connector for connection is provided. The connector of the present invention, waveguide alignment member (105) in order to receive and align a plurality of optical waveguides (110) contains, thereby, the center ray of the light exiting the plurality of optical waveguides, the same incident surface It propagates along the same direction of incidence of the XY (115). The optical connector further includes a segment (130a, 130b, ...) light redirecting side including a plurality of segments (130) forming a row of each segment corresponding to a different optical waveguide. The first segment (130a) is to redirect light along the first direction after the turning (140a), a second segment (130b) is different second from the first direction after the direction change redirecting light along a direction after turning (140b). Other segments are in either the first direction after the turning or the second direction after the direction change, to redirect light. The light is redirected towards the two rows or more optical lenses (150). Furthermore, the connector of the present invention includes a plurality of optical waveguides which is permanently attached to the connector, the cable assembly is also provided. .FIELD 1a


A design method establishing on crystal birefringence effect for a novel optical FIR (Finite Impulse Response) filter consisting of crystal delay plate stack is proposed and the spectral output in any shapes can be carried out. Starting from FIR signal theory a mathematical model for the optical FIR filter is established, and the mapping relation between the model and FIR filter is analyzed. When the output reverse transfer method is given for finishing its optical implementation, using G/M filter design as a practical example, it has simultaneously proved its good spectral property and angular property.


Oat stem rust, caused by Puccinia graminis f. sp. avenae Eriks. & E. Henn. (Pga), can reduce yield and quality in oat, Avena sativa L. (Roelfs and Long 1980 ). Resistance breeding has been used as a cost-effective strategy to prevent these losses. There are currently 17 numbered oat stem rust resistance genes (Pg), and one gene complex known as Pg-a. Twelve of the numbered Pg genes are used as standard differentials to identify pathogenic races of Pga (Fetch Jr. and Jin 2007). While RFLP and RAPD markers for Pg9 and Pg13 have been previously reported (O'Donoughue et al. 1996), there has been no systematic search for markers linked to all known Pg genes. Objectives of this study were to 1) generate crosses of each standard differential and the Pg-a complex in two susceptible genetic backgrounds, and 2) find SNP markers linked to resistance using bulked segregant analysis. Accessions with Pg8 (CIav 9321; with Rodney 0 background) and the Pg-a complex (CIav 9339) were crossed to the susceptible A. sativa cultivars 'Marvellous' and 'Otana'. A. strigosa accession CIav 6956 with Pg6 was crossed with the susceptible A. strigosa accessions CIav 2524 and PI 573582. Populations were advanced to F2:3 and 10 seedlings from each of 70 families, parents, and F1s were inoculated with Pga race KBD (virulent to Pg2, Pg3, Pg4, and Pg15 and avirulent to Pg1, Pg6, Pg8, Pg9, Pg10, Pg12, Pg13, Pg16 and the Pg-a complex). Homozygosity in the F2:3 families was verified in the F2:4. F1s obtained from crosses with the Pg6, Pg8 and Pg-a complex were resistant, indicating dominant inheritance. A 1:1 segregation ratio of homozygous F2:3 families in the 'Otana'/Pg6 and 'Otana'/Pg8 crosses indicated the presence of a single dominant resistant gene. The segregation ratio of 2 resistant to 1 susceptible F2:3 families in the 'Otana'/Pg-a was not consistent with previous work that concluded the Pg-a complex consisted of the recessive Pg12, and at least one other recessive Pg gene (Fetch Jr. 2006). The parents, F1s, and families that were homozygous for susceptibility from the 'Otana'/Pg8, 'Otana'/Pg-a, and PI 573582/Pg6 crosses were genotyped with the Illumina Oat Consortium 6K SNP BeadArray. Markers linked to resistance will be identified when genotyping data are available. Marker information obtained from this project can be used to identify new Pg resistance (Steinberg et al. 2005), and facilitate selection of progeny with multiple resistant genes.


In this paper the onedimonsional Stefantype model for the heat effect of highirradiance laser on biotissues and the inverse problem identification are adopted to obtain a relational expression for calculating the ablation depth in laserirradiated tissues, in which the complex nature of actual situationthe multidimensional problemis taken into account. The computing results from this relation have showed substantial agreement with the experimental data on ablation depth induced by the highirradiance laser.


The six benzofuran-oxadiazole derivatives (4a-d) and (5a-b) have been designed, synthesized, characterized and evaluated for antimicrobial activity. The key synthetic intermediate 5-bromo-N'-hydroxybenzofuran -2-carboxamidine (3) was prepared from 5-bromobenzofuran-2-carboxylic acid (1) in two consecutive steps involving reaction with NaN3, in presence of TEA, Xtalfluor-E, PPh3 in dry DCM at 0oC followed by the treatment of resulting carbonitrile (2) with hydroxylamine hydrochloride in presence of sodium methoxide under reflux in aqueous ethanol. Reaction of carboxamidine (3) with different aryl esters in presence of K2CO3 under reflux conditions in toluene afforded 3-(5-bromobenzofuran-2-yl)-5-substituted phenyl-1,2,4-oxadiazoles (4a-d) while the refluxion of a solution of carboxamidine (3) in dichloromethane with chloro/bromo acetyl chloride in presence of TEA and a catalytic amount of HBTU furnished 3-(5-bromobenzofuran-2-yl)-5-(chloromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadia zole (5a) and 3-(5-bromobenzofuran-2-yl)-5-(bromomethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazole (5b).


A decision during a visual task is marked by a task‐evoked pupil dilation (TEPD) that is linked to the global cortical arousal state. Melanopsin expressing intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) form the afferent pathway for this pupil response. Melanopsin activation also influences mood and arousal and increases activity in decision‐making brain areas that receive direct ipRGC projections. Here, an optical photostimulation method controlled the excitations of all five photoreceptor classes in the human eye to isolate melanopsin‐mediated photoreception. We hypothesised that the TEPD can be driven by directing active visual covert attention through the ipRGC pathway. When observers are completely certain of the stimulus presence, melanopsin‐directed stimulation produces a TEPD of similar amplitude to a cone‐directed stimulation, with their combination producing larger amplitudes. This dilation is satisfactorily modelled by linear addition with a higher melanopsin weighting in ipRGCs. Visual reaction times were longest in response to melanopsin‐directed lights. Next, we asked whether the afferent photoreceptor input and decision certainty, controlled by priming the observer's a priori expectation, interact to drive the TEPD. Signal detection analysis showed that by fixing the predecision certainty (bias), the phasic arousal and TEPD amplitude vary with observer criterion (c′) and sensitivity (d′) but not with preferential activation of melanopsin. The signature feature of the melanopsin response during attention was a biphasic TEPD. We conclude that active covert attention can be modulated by visual information mediated via ipRGCs, but that phasic arousal responses marked using the TEPD are not increased by higher levels of melanopsin activation.


Deep learning algorithms represent the state of the art for many problems in robotics and AI. However, they require a large labeled dataset, are computationally expensive, and the learned models are difficult to understand. Our architecture draws inspiration from research in cognitive systems to address these limitations. In the context of answering explanatory questions about scenes and an underlying classification task, our architecture uses non-monotonic logical reasoning with incomplete commonsense domain knowledge, and the features extracted from input images, to answer the input queries. Features from images not processed by such reasoning are mapped to the desired answers using a learned deep network model. In addition, previously unknown state constraints of the domain are learned incrementally and used for subsequent reasoning. Experimental results show that in comparison with an "end to end" deep architecture, our architecture significantly improves accuracy and efficiency of decision making.


Two demonstrations of Kepler's third law for elliptical orbits are presented. Both assume the validity of Kepler's first two laws and a few simple facts concerning the geometry of the ellipse; one directly employs conservation of energy, the other the centripetal-force relation. But neither involves an elaborate use of the calculus.


Objective: To investigate the insulin resistance and islet β-cell function in normal glucose tolerance first-degree relatives of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).Methods: 168 normal glucose tolerance subjects were divided into four groups:no hypertension and dyslipidemia (Group A),plus hypertension (Group B),plus dyslipidemia (Group C),plus hypertension and dyslipidemia (Group D).Furthermore they were divided into (BMI)25 subgroup and (BMI≥)25 subgroup,the levels of Fins,IRI,△I_(30)/△G_(30),etc.were measured in all groups.Results: Compared with Group A,B,C, Group D had significantly higher values of WC,WHR,IRI,FIns((P)0.01),significantly lower values of △I_(30)/△G_(30)((P)0.01).Compared with (BMI)25 subgroup,(BMI≥25) subgroup had singnificantly higher values of FIns,IRI((P)0.05),the singnificantly lower values of △I_(30)/△G_(30)((P)0.05).The metabolic indexes were in no difference between Group B and Group A.Conclusion: To the normal glucose tolerance first-degree relatives of T2DM,along with adding hypertension and dyslipidemia in four groups,the insulin resistance increased and early secretion of islet β-cell decreased gradually.The effect was more obvious in obese subjects.


Objective To identify pancreatic cancer specific antigens,particularly cancer-testis antigens from a testis eDNA phage expression library by SEREX(serological identification of antigen by recombinant cDNA expression libraries).Methods A testis eDNA phage expression library was screened.Positive clones were then seuenced and analysed.The antibodies to the positive Clones in sera from 40 pancreatic cancer patients and 40 healthy donors were assayed.Results 107 positive clones were obtained after immunosereening.These clones were derived from 14 different genes.13 genes were highly homologous to the genes known in GenBank.They are activin receptor A Ⅱ,LOC92912,KLHL12,IFI16, CAGE,and so on.One positive clone HS1 was found not to match any homologieal genes from GeneBank and SEREX databases.The prevalenees of HS1 and HS2 antibodies in patients were significantly higher than those in healthy donors(15% vs 0%,x~2=4.50,P0.05;22.5% vs 5%,x~2=5.16,P0.05). Conclusions HS1 might be a novel cancer-testis antigen gene.To explain biological function and clinical availability of these positive clones,further research is necessary.


Super-resolution imaging using the principles of stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy requires collinear excitation of a sample with a Gaussian-shaped excitation beam and a donut-shaped depletion beam whose spin (polarization) and orbital angular momentum (OAM) signs are aligned. We leverage recent advances in stable OAM mode propagation in optical fibers for telecom applications to design, fabricate, and validate the utility of a vortex fiber as the beam shaping device at visible and near-IR wavelengths for STED microscopy. Specifically, using compact UV-written fiber-gratings yielding high purity mode conversion (98.7%), we demonstrate the simultaneous generation of Gaussian and OAM beams at user-defined wavelengths. Point spread function measurements reveal a depletion beam with >17.5-dB extinction ratio, a naturally co-aligned Gaussian beam, and a setup in which these characteristics are maintained even as the fiber is bent down 6-mm radii. The proof-of-concept of all-fiber STED microscopy realized using this fiber device is used to image fluorescent bead samples yielding a sub-diffraction-limited resolution of 103 nm in the lateral plane. This opens the door to performing fiber-based STED microscopy with a setup that is not only resistant to environmental perturbations but also facilitates the development of endoscopic STED imaging.Super-resolution imaging using the principles of stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy requires collinear excitation of a sample with a Gaussian-shaped excitation beam and a donut-shaped depletion beam whose spin (polarization) and orbital angular momentum (OAM) signs are aligned. We leverage recent advances in stable OAM mode propagation in optical fibers for telecom applications to design, fabricate, and validate the utility of a vortex fiber as the beam shaping device at visible and near-IR wavelengths for STED microscopy. Specifically, using compact UV-written fiber-gratings yielding high purity mode conversion (98.7%), we demonstrate the simultaneous generation of Gaussian and OAM beams at user-defined wavelengths. Point spread function measurements reveal a depletion beam with >17.5-dB extinction ratio, a naturally co-aligned Gaussian beam, and a setup in which these characteristics are maintained even as the fiber is bent down 6-mm radii. The proof-of-concept of all-fiber STED microscopy ...


This paper presents an optimal control scheme based on model-based predictive control (MPC) for a wheeled mobile robot (WMR) with nonholonomic constraints. It is shown that, by using MPC, some advantages can be obtained, such as the ability to handle constraints due to state or input limitations and performance improvement. To solve some problems with other MPCs for WMRs, this paper proposes to formulate a cost function in polar coordinates. Considerations regarding the computational effort of the MPC are developed with the purpose of analysing the viability of the proposed technique in real-time.


Modern automatic speech recognition ASR technology is based on a communication theoretical view of the generation acquisition and transmission and perception of speech The goal of speech recognition is then de ned as recovering the intended sequence of linguistic units from the observed acoustic signal Under a statistical decision theoretic formulation ASR is formulated as a statistical decision problem In this report we attempt to care fully and methodically review the theoretical aspects of this formulation and show how new decision rules can be constructed for robust ASR Index Terms Decision rules Bayes decision rule plug in maximum a posteriori MAP decision rule minimax decision rule Bayesian predictive classi cation BPC robust automatic speech recognition


In this article we study simple integral-type estimator of distribution function under random right censored observations at fixed covariate values, where the dependence between a life time and a censoring variable may expressed by a given Archimedean copula. We prove an almost sure asymptotic representation which provides a key tool for obtaining weak convergence result for estimator.


The purpose of this work is to study the dynamics of fuel quality changes during long-term storage. This will prevent a change in fuel quality and ensure environmental safety. Monitoring and analysis of the dynamics of changes in the quality of gasoline during long-term storage was carried out. It was shown and experimentally confirmed that changes in its group composition, physical and chemical stability occur during two-year fuel storage. The obtained research results indicate that evaporation of light fractions, oxidation, polymerization and interaction with the solid dispersed phase are constantly occurring. It was established that the fuel quality indicators were within the limits of compliance with DSTU 7687:2015 (more than 24 months of storage), therefore, its further storage or realization as intended is possible. The article draws attention to the fact that the rate of changes in the physical and chemical stability of gasoline depends on the conditions of long-term storage and the state of technological equipment. The research results make it possible to focus attention on the need to re-equip fuel companies and ensure the environmental safety of their activities.


Physics is the foundation of all of our knowledge of the physical world, yet relatively few people practise it professionally. As a result, most of the students that we are asked to teach are not going to become physicists. This raises two difficult questions. First, what aspects of physics should we teach to people who are not going to become professional physicists? And second, how should we teach it? While there is not much doubt about how to train a physicist, there is a lot of uncertainty about how and what to teach non-physicists. I expect that most experienced physics teachers will agree that, with some exceptions, we do not do a very good job of this.


The trade situation about China's export of toy products to the EU was introduced. The recall characteristics of China's toy products by the EU "Safety Gate" in terms of recall frequency, notified countries, taken measures, and reasons for recall were analyzed in this paper, and the risk factors of human health of unqualified products in terms of chemical hazards were studied in this paper. It is found that phthalate, boron, plumbum and cadmium were the main factors. Assessment of risk for boron in toys was conducted. It is suggested to limit the boron element in Slime: the limit of migration of boron in Slime toys for 3- to 6-year-old children shall be less than 704 mg/kg, and the limitation of migration of boron in Slime toys for 7- to 12-year-old children shall be less than 1268 mg/kg.


Contents: Preface Ruins and imperial legacies: global geographies of Portuguese-built forts Portugal's 'weekend at the coast': Fort Jesus and empire celebrations in Kenya (Post)colonial voices at Fort Jesus, Kenya Mitigating the past: landscapes and memory fabrications in Cape Verde A neglected trophy, elusive oil and re-workings of memory in SAGBPo TomA(c) e Principe In the shadows of Mazagan: the Medina of Azamour, Morocco Conclusions Bibliography Index.


PURPOSE: An immersion photolithography system using an inverted wafer projection optical interface is provided to simply confine liquid and reduce or completely remove a leakage of liquid by including an exposure system and a liquid supply system. CONSTITUTION: An exposure system exposes electromagnetic radiation to a substrate, including a projection optical system(100) for focusing the electromagnetic radiation on the substrate. A liquid supply system supplies liquid to a gap between the projection optical system and the substrate. The projection optical system is located right under the substrate. The liquid supply system is adjusted to form a liquid meniscus(108) over the projection optical system.


This paper presents an algebraic approach to translation and optimization of logic queries. We first develop a syntax directed translation from rules of function-free logic programs to algebraic equations; then we show solution methods for independent equations and for systems of interdependent equations. Such solutions define the operational and fixpoint semantics of function-free logic programs and queries. We also present algebraic optimization methods for "top-down" and "bottom-up" strategies; the former are useful if no initial binding is provided with the query, while the latter are useful if some arguments of the query are bound to constant values.


The Transient Gamma-Ray Spectrometer (TGRS) on the WIND spacecraft is designed to perform spectroscopy of bright gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) in the ∼20–8000 keV energy range, with a spectroscopic resolution which is 5–30 times better than that of earlier-generation detectors. During its first ∼2.5 years of operation, TGRS detected ∼90 GRBs, of which about one third are suitable for statistically interesting spectroscopy. We present preliminary comparative results for some of the brightest of those bursts, and which were also observed by CGRO/BATSE.


We have investigated how ozone affects high-temperature electrical properties of nanostructured yttria-doped ceria (YDC) thin films using impedance spectroscopy. It is found that predominantly ionic conductivity in the doped-ceria lattice is not altered upon exposure to ozone. The grain boundaries in YDC ultra-thin films, in contrast, exhibited a substantial increase in resistance in ozone-rich environment. While activation energy for lattice conduction in ozone was similar to air, being close to 1 eV, grain boundary activation energy increased notably from ~1.3 eV in air to 1.7 eV in ozone. Also, we have investigated kinetics of resistance change in such thin films in air and in ozone ambient using galvanostatic measurements and found that the rapid resistance change observed in ozone was reversible. Mechanisms leading to the observation and implications for ozone-ceria film surface interactions are discussed.


Postgraduate medical trainees (residents) in Canadian universities provide a significant portion of clinical teaching to medical students. Despite being expected to shoulder this responsibility, residents have little opportunity to hone their teaching skills and receive feedback on their abilities. Medical schools can offer clinical teacher training to their medical students to better prepare them for their future formal teaching roles. Presently, the University of Ottawa is the only institution that offers such an elective to senior medical students. Objectives: ▪ Gauge perceived areas of confidence and deficits in clinical teaching skills among senior Canadian medical students. ▪ Assess the likelihood that students would enroll in a clinical teaching elective during their final year of medical school training.


No OUTBREAKS or laboratory confirmed individual cases of influenza have been reported in California since the termination of the epidemic of influenza which occurred about a year ago. The U. S. Communicable Disease Center reports that the situation is similar throughout the nation, with only sporadic reports of laboratory confirmed cases of Influenza A having come to its attention. The department's Influenza Surveillance Unit is again using a variety of public and private agencies as listening posts to detect early occurrence of influenza and influenza-like illnesses in the community. The surveillance network reports the following: School absenteeism, which involves the observation of some 100,000 children, is running at the normal expected rate of 6 to 8 per cent; employee absenteeism at several industrial plants and public agencies is normal and without any unusual absenteeism reported so far this year; reports of respiratory illness among various population groups, and including institutions and hospitals, show no indication of unseasonal increases in influenza-like illness. The department recommends routine annual immunization of persons at all ages who suffer from chronic debilitating disease; also pregnant women, and all persons 65 years of age and older. The commercially available influenza vaccine is an aqueous, polyvalent preparation containing three strains of Type A and one strain of Type B killed influenza virus and is produced with the same composition by several manufacturers.


Nowadays, microalgal research is predominantly centered on an industrial scale. In general, multipotent bioactive peptides are the advantages over focal points over utilitarian nourishment as well as nutraceuticals. Microalgal peptides are now profoundly connected with biological properties rather than nutritive. Numerous techniques are employed to purify active peptides from algal protein using enzymatic hydrolysis; it is broadly used for numerous favorable circumstances. There is a chance to utilize microalgal peptides for human well-being as nutritive enhancements. This exhaustive survey details the utilization of microalgal peptides as antioxidant, anti-cancerous, anti-hypersensitive, anti-atherosclerotic, and nutritional functional foods. It is also exploring the novel technologies for the production of active peptides, for instance, the use of algal peptides as food for human health discovered restrictions, where peptides are sensitive to hydrolysis protease degradation. This review emphasizes the issue of active peptides in gastrointestinal transit, which has to be solved in the future, and prompt impacts.


research and providing readers with a valuable guide to their own further study. A few minor cavils might be noted: the authors' discussions of infantile object relational development are essentially limited to interactions with the mother, so that, like Winnicott, they have little to say about the father's role in the early years. And only a passing reference is granted to the fascinating if little-understood role of resilience in the shaping of many children's adaptive responses to early experiences of trauma and/or parental failures. In the course of a concluding chapter on "The Role of Developmental Thinking in Psychodynamic Psychotherapy," Gilmore and Meersand emphasize the "inevitable transference/countertransference dynamics and resistance to change that arise in every form of therapy" (p. 317). Normal Child and Adolescent Development: A Psychodynamic Primer will be of great interest as well as value to students, teachers, and practitioners with adults as well as with children. If they do not already do so, readers will come to share the authors' conviction about the essential place that an understanding of development plays or should play in clinical practice—not only the practice of "psychodynamic" therapy, but of the entire range of therapies that make up today's sometimes bewildering armamentarium. AARON H. ESMAN (NEW YORK)


The invention provides an information processing device, an information processing method, and a program which are capable of generating an article design on the basis of content selected by a user, and thereby reducing effort on the user's part. An information processing device provided with: an extraction unit which extracts parameters for generating an article design, on the basis of content selected by a user and related information relating to the content; a generation unit which generates a design for a specified article using the extracted parameters; and a presentation control unit which performs control so that the generated design is presented to the user.


States should take full advantage of the benefits resulting from the new competitive spirit in health care, but they also must remain watchful for problems that can result from competition.


The Orchidaceae family stands out when it comes to the commercialization of pot flowers, this is due to their flowers being widely attractive and have variability of colors, size and shapes according to the species; this results in plants with high relevance to the economy in the floriculture sector. The goal of this study was to elucidate questions about the effect of micronutrients on initial growth, the influence of electrical conductivity and frequency of fertilizer application, and the efficiency of organic fertilization with castor bean cake, on the growth and nutrition of Brassia verrucosa Lindley orchid.  Studies with mineral fertilization involving nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) in Cattleya and Phalaenopsis seedlings allowed to obserevar that the N increment increased the number of flowers in Cattleya, while P and K did not affect this variable. The salinity of irrigation water also has an effect on growth and flowering.  The electrical conductivity, the sources of fertilizers, their interaction with the substrate, the balance between the nutrients, the quantities and frequencies to be used, in addition to the different phenological requirements and characteristics intrinsic to the species, are important aspects to be considered in fertirigation.


An apparatus for measuring the relative viscosity of molten glass‐forming oxides at elevated temperatures and pressures is described. It utilizes a concentric cylinder viscometer and electric furnace enclosed in a steel pressure bomb and is gas pressured. Four thermocouples and three heating circuits enable the temperature of the sample to be controlled to within ±0.2°. Data on the pressure dependence of viscosity of molten boron trioxide in the temperature range of 380–470°C and at pressures up to 300 bars are presented.


The expenses, which caused by pollution and limited fossil resources, have convinced scientists to concentrate on renewable resources such as biological waste. Conversion of bio-waste to syntheses gas produces higher heating values in comparison to conventional bioenergy production methods. To produce energy from bio waste, it is important to study on existing technology and using CHP and gas turbines. In this paper a plan for producing electricity and heat at the same time by using bio waste has been proposed. This plan provides a method to produce hybrid gas (combined gas) by using solid bio-waste of Tehran in two forms of wet and dry as a renewable energy resource and steam in a fixed bed gas reactor. This gas is a combination of Hydrogen, Carbon monoxide, Carbon dioxide Water and some amount of Methane. Selected temperature and pressure for the reactor respectively is1900 [˚F] and 390 [Psi]. As indicated in the results, the best air and steam combination entering fixed bed reactor among 60 different combinations for dry waste is 0.2% of entering fuel volume for steam 0.25% of entering fuel volume for air heating value for this combination is 6471 [BTU/lb]. Furthermore, for the steam volumes of 1.5% to 0.9%, the percentage of H2 in the syngas increases by enhancing the volume of air content.