Condensing device condensing apparatus and method of the present invention relates to condense the moisture in with the battery, i.e. the battery of vehicles and a method for a method for the condensation of moisture in the cell, the condensing device comprising: a battery case, the battery housing surrounds the inner space of the battery, the at least one battery cell is arranged in the interior space of the battery; and a first inlet arranged for a cooling fluid into the interior space of the battery in the battery case ; a first outlet and a second outlet, the first outlet and the second outlet are disposed in a battery case, wherein the first outlet of the cooling fluid out of the inner space of the battery is connected in a fluid; and a battery disposed in the interior space and cooling fluid in the condensing means in fluid connection, and the condensation mechanism moisture condensing from the environment in the internal space of the battery, and wherein condensed moisture environment reaches through the second outlet.


This article illustrates a method of testing models of change in individual long-term psychotherapy cases. A depressed client was treated with 208 sessions of control mastery therapy (CMT), an unmanualized approach that integrates elements of psychodynamic therapy (PDT) and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). Panels of experts developed prototypes of ideal PDT, CBT, and CMT process using the Psychotherapy Process Q-set (PQS; J. S. Ablon & E. E. Jones, 1999; E. E. Jones, L. A. Parke, & S. Pulos, 1992; E. E. Jones & S. M. Pulos, 1993). Independent observers rated every 4th session (N 53) with the PQS. Using correlations between ideal and actual PQS ratings followed by paired t tests, the authors compared adherence to the CMT prototype with adherence to plausible alternative models advocated by the PDT and CBT experts. Bivariate time series analyses determined whether prototype adherence predicted an estimated index of symptom change. Results showed that the therapist's behavior was most consistent with the CMT prototype and that this aspect of the CMT prototype along with particular aspects of the other prototypes influenced estimated symptom change. The results, which replicate and extend earlier findings, support the validity of this approach to studying long-term therapies but also highlight its limitations.


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Summary: Today, library funding bodies consider it problematic that libraries effectively collect items in advan ce – for uncertain future uses. From this perspective, libraries should care only about information and texts in electronic format as currently needed. However, is this e-only strategy appropriate to meet the users' actual needs, particularly with regard to the humanities and social sciences? What are the core functions of academic libraries in the digital age?


The detection of a genetic organization of common diseases is one of the first key direction in modern medicine. In thyrotoxicosis, identification of genetic predictors, defining remission and the risk of cardiovascular complications is of a great importance. We gave attention to the second of above mentioned aspects. Candidates for genetic prediction are the genes regulated by triiodothyronine and playing a key role in changing of the myocardial contractility and arrhythmogenesis. There are SNPs of the β1-adrenergic receptor (ADRB1) gene among them: polymorphism in the 389 codon (Gly389Arg) and polymorphism in codon 49 (Ser49Gly). The investigation goal was to determine whether the deleterious effects on cardiovascular system of the thyroid hormones excess in people with thyrothoxicosis were modified by polymorphic variants of ADRB1 gene. So we investigated the possible link of these two SNPs with clinicopathologic findings, echocardiographic parameters and the changes during therapy in 165 patients with a thyrotoxicosis caused by Gravesdisease without any nonthyrotoxic cardiovascular disorders. The data analysis demonstrates that both Gly389Arg and Ser49Gly polymorphisms have very moderate influence on the risk of atrial arrhythmias, left ventricular hypertrophy and its type (concentric or eccentric). Genotype Gly389Gly (Gly389Arg polymorphism) or genotype Gly49Gly (Ser49Gly polymorphism) carriers have tendency to the lowest risk of cardiovascular complications during thyrohoxicosis, but no statistically significant effects were revealed.


Recent experimental work on Mn2RuxGa demonstrates its potential as a compensated ferrimagnetic
half-metal (CFHM). Here we present a set of high-throughput ab initio density functional
theory calculations and detailed experimental characterisation, that enable us to correctly describe
the nominal Mn2RuxGa thin films, in particular with regard to site-disorder and defects. We then
construct models that accurately capture all the key features of the Mn-Ru-Ga system, including
magnetic compensation and the spin gap at the Fermi level. We find that electronic doping is neccessary,
which is achieved with a Mn/Ga ratio smaller than two. Our study shows how composition
and substrate-induced biaxial strain can be combined to design a ferrimagnetic half-metal with a
compensation point close to room temperature.


Paris, report on the main contributions of PGD to this subject, from a static and dynamic point of view. The key was the application of scaling theory. Later on, the approach was extended to understand the rheology of the cells in confined geometries, which was experimentally studied using the micropipette aspiration techniques. Physics of polymers at interfaces is an exciting and rich problem due to their several applications such as coating, adhesion, chromatography, assisted oil recuperation (in porous soils), etc. In his contribution, Professor H.R. Brown, from the University of Wollongong, recalls the principal contributions of PGD (with his coworkers) to comprehend adhesion and friction phenomena, using a polymer approach and intuitively reasonable models. His theoretical predictions permitted the comprehension of experimental data. Before his sudden death, PGD joined the Institut Curie. As reported by Professor P. Nassoy, from this Institute, PGD provided us with a good understanding of the cell adhesion. Together with Professor F. Brochard-Wyart, PGD studied the unbinding of adhesive vesicles induced by mobile proteins, using a theoretical approach inspired from that already applied to the polymer adhesion. The theory is in perfect agreement with experiment. Finally, Professor L. Bocquet, from the University of Lyon, brings to light the original achievements of PGD in wetting and capillary phenomena that rule enormous industrial applications. More precisely, he studied the dynamics of spreading of droplets (as liquid–air interfaces) and moving contact lines. In particular, he successfully explained the slippage effect related to the singularity problem at the contact line. We note that the majority of the evoked works are drawn in his several classic books [1–4] and many revolutionary research and review papers. I might have some criticisms to make. Actually, Professor PGD achieved many other pioneering works concerning soft matter that should be discussed in this second monograph. Indeed, he made important achievements in macrophase separation of polymer mixtures and microphase separation in cross-linked polymer blends and interpenetrating gels, in disordered media and in granular media. Granular matter describes large collections of small grains of diameter of the order of few micrometers, which can exhibit solid-like and fluid-like behaviours. PGD has largely contributed to the controversial debate concerning this kind of matter. In particular, he wrote the first basic equations governing the granular media flow. As a last word, this second volume provides us with a large scope on the prestigious works of Professor PGD that marked forever soft matter and biophysics.


The utility model relates to a gimbal of a new oil sealing structure which includes a cross shaft, an oil nozzle arranged in the center of the cross shaft, and a bearing which is arranged on the head of the cross shaft; the end part of the bearing mouth is provided with a dustproof shield which is tightly buckled with the bearing external ring in self-locking type; the internal wall of the bearing external ring is provided with a ring of disconnection-prevention concave trough; the internal wall of the parallel mouth part of the bearing eternal ring is provided with a guide oblique surface; the bearing is provided with a rolling needle, a rolling needle retaining ring and an oil sealing with framework; one end of the framework is externally convex to form a disconnection-prevention sidestep which is arranged at the peripheral of the oil sealing; the residual part of the framework is inserted into the interior of the oil sealing; the disconnection-prevention sidestep is buckled in the disconnection-prevention concave trough. The utility model reinforces the connection firmness between the oil sealing and the bearing external ring; in despite of up and down displacement of the internal rolling needle of the bearing, the phenomena of that the oil sealing is loosened or the oil sealing is pushed out of the bearing is not easy to occur, the gimbal is insured to keep perfect sealing condition even after long-term application, and the service life of the products is prolonged.


Experiments were run where the temperature of the sealed fluid was measured in a seal chamber in a plane moving in the radial and axial directions. Temperatures within the nonrotating mating ring were also measured. Tests were run at various speeds, flush flow rates, and flush flow directions in water and oil Details of the experimental apparatus, procedure, operating conditions, and the test results are summarized in the paper. The experimental results confirm the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) predicted results made based on the model presented in the previous paper entitled Fluid Temperature and Film Coefficient Prediction and Measurement in Mechanical Face Seals-Theoretical Results in most respects. Several important conclusions were reached. For flush flow-cooled seals, the fluid temperature surrounding the seal is nearly uniform with small increases occurring only very near to the seal interface, The heat generated by the seal interface and by viscous dissipation in the sealed fluid is taken up by the fluid flow almost immediately upon entry of the flush fluid. Both experiments and modeling show the strong effect of flush flow rate on seal temperatures.


Since Hyperspectral Images (HSIs) contain plenty of ground object information, they are widely used in fine-grain classification of ground objects. However, some ground objects are similar and the number of spectral bands is far higher than the number of the ground object categories. Therefore, it is hard to deeply explore the spatial–spectral joint features with greater discrimination. To mine the spatial–spectral features of HSIs, a Shallow-to-Deep Feature Enhancement (SDFE) model with three modules based on Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) and Vision-Transformer (ViT) is proposed. Firstly, the bands containing important spectral information are selected using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Secondly, a two-layer 3D-CNN-based Shallow Spatial–Spectral Feature Extraction (SSSFE) module is constructed to preserve the spatial and spectral correlations across spaces and bands at the same time. Thirdly, to enhance the nonlinear representation ability of the network and avoid the loss of spectral information, a channel attention residual module based on 2D-CNN is designed to capture the deeper spatial–spectral complementary information. Finally, a ViT-based module is used to extract the joint spatial–spectral features (SSFs) with greater robustness. Experiments are carried out on Indian Pines (IP), Pavia University (PU) and Salinas (SA) datasets. The experimental results show that better classification results can be achieved by using the proposed feature enhancement method as compared to other methods.


Abstract : Anwar Sadat's effective use of force among the available instruments of statecraft led to the successful accomplishment of his political objectives in the 1973 Yom Kippur War. While he pursued a peaceful return of Arab occupied territory after the war, he concurrently prepared for the battle of Egypt's destiny. Although struggles in the region continue, Sadat still represents the heart of the Muslim people's call for peace and justice in the Middle East. This thesis will examine Sadat's national security and military strategies, and his effective use of the instruments of statecraft that led to his decision to use force in the Yom Kippur War.


Solid bioenergy from forests plays — and is expected to continue to play — a key role to fulfil the renewable energy targets at the European Union level. When the Renewable Energy Directive was enacted, sustainability criteria were incorporated solely for biofuels and bioliquids. Sustainability criteria for solid bioenergy are also needed in order to prevent wood and primary forest residues from posing additional environmental risks to ecosystems. Acknowledging this, the European Commission has been working on extending the biofuels and bioliquids provisions to solid biomass. An internal draft was circulated in August 2013 which addressed the ways to both balance and mitigate the risks in three main topics: biodiversity; sustainable forest management; and greenhouse gases. This paper presents a set of criteria and indicators, developed during workshops with experts from Governments, scientific institutions, businesses and NGOs, that may be considered by the EU to assure that solid biomass from forests is obtained in an environmentally sustainable way.


Abstract : The present report covers the work performed by four different trainees working in: i. - The functional role of chromosomes 11, 13, 14 and 17 in the process of immortalization, transformation and tumorigenesis of human breast epithelial cells. This study has concluded that the chromosome 17 (p13.1-13.2) region may contain gene/s controlling programmed cell death, and that the tumorigenic phenotype is associated with alterations at different loci of chromosome 13. ii. - Lymphedema Prevention in Breast Cancer Survivors. This study has developed guidelines related to lymphedema prevention among early stage breast cancer survivors to determine the feasibility of the study questionnaire and to determine the most appropriate and effective recruitment approach. Iii - Roles of gamma-synuclein in breast cancer progression and metastasis. The data indicate that gamma-synuclein may promote tumorigenesis by enhancing cell motility through modulating Rho/Rac/Cdc42 and ERK pathways, and promoting cell survival and inhibiting apoptosis through modulating ERK cell survival and JNK-mitochondria-caspase9/3. iv. Polymorphisms of Human UGT1A6 and UGT1A9 Genes and Functional Differences of the Variant Gene Products. This study is aimed at defining whether these putative SERM inactivating enzymes have genetic variations that result in predictable phenotypes at both the molecular level and in the patient.


The object of the paper – is to improve abrasion resistance of capron-based awning material. The objectives of the present research are the following: to investigate the impact of polymer compounds, on the base of urethane thermoplastic material UK-1 structured by A-grade polyisocyanate, on the base of Z-grade chlorosulfonated polyethylene containing vulcanizing agents, stabilizers and pigment groups, on abrasion resistance of awning material with the pressure base of capron fabric. Research methods: test samples have undergone the complex of laboratory experiments for alteration of parameters of physical and mechanical properties before and after accelerated heat-and-light ageing in the STS apparatus. Abrasion tests have been carried out on the PIT-2 apparatus. Instrument measurements of physical and mechanical properties as well as visual evaluation of protective polymer coatings' state have been taken as control parameters of abrasion resistance. Results obtained: the investigation has shown that abrasion resistance of soft barriers of awning structures and, correspondingly, their service life could be increased essentially by means of applying an additional layer of protective screen coating and its intermittent resurfacing adjusted for wear while in service. Re-surfacing intermittence should be done every 2 years provided the coating thickness of 100 micrometers.


Coordination, round-the-clock care reshapes sickle cell care. Sickle cell patients at Grady Health System in Atlanta know what it's like to be kept waiting interminably in the emergency department, sick and in pain. They even know how it feels to be mislabeled as drug addicts. No more. The Sickle Cell Center at Grady brings high quality care to such patients, improving outcomes, lowering costs, and increasing the satisfaction of those who use it.


Abstract Digital Elevation Models have been an important topic in the last decades in order to accurately describe one's surroundings for various purposes. The most wide-spread applications of Digital Elevation Modelling are related to volumetric calculations over large areas, as well as to hydrographic simulations. This paper will analyse the impact of various data interpolation models on the result of volumetric calculations in a longitudinal shaped polder. In order to achieve general conclusions instead of case specific solutions, the raw parametric Digital Elevation Models have been used, rather than the specific parameters suiting the actual scenario. In order to achieve this, data smoothing has also been neglected. The result of the conducted study presents the impact of the digital elevation modelling methods over the volumetric calculations. When applied to the same dataset, the methods yielded different results, partially confirming the predicted usefulness of the algorithms.


Studies with epidermal cells of a number of insects showed that a sequence of physiological events takes place prior to and during the process of commitment of the epidermal cells from the larval to the pupal stage. At the onset of metamorphosis RNA synthesis, including that of RNA, was suppressed for about 30 h just prior to the wandering stage. At the completion of the wandering stage, pupally committed epidermal cells synthesize a new type of RNA termed hetero-disperse nuclear RNA (hnRNA). It is suggested that this RNA species could play a role in the permanent shutting-off of larval-specific genes. Methoprene, a juvenile hormone analogue (JHA), delayed the larval-pupal transformation and prevented these changes in RNA synthesis when applied prior to the appearance of the hnRNA, but had no effect when applied after this period. Treatment with the JHA in the early last larval instar prevented not only the normal rise in ecdysteroid titer, but also the increase in the activity of chitinolytic enzymes. Treatment of young pupae had no effect on either the ecdysteroids titer or on enzyme activity. A causal relationship between molting hormone titer and the activity of chitinolytic enzymes is proposed. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.


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What role should physicians play in discussing the financial impact of treatment decisions, and how can they better manage these conversations?


Funks G80 planted Jun 28 '78, University of Georgia Experiment Station, Oconee Co. Soil type was Appling sandy loam. Randomized complete block experimental design with 2 row plots x 20-ft long x 38-inch row width x 2-ft alleys; 5 replicates. The sprays were applied on Aug 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, and 24. Two treatments, Z 3210 and Z 3209, were applied on a 4 day schedule on Aug 10, 14, 18, and 22. All ears in the center 18 foot of row were examined on Aug 28 for the presence of corn earworm or fall armyworm larvae and damage.


August and September are the suitable season for Dalbergia odorifera to be sterilized.The season selection is more improtant than the selection of disinfectors.The sterilizing result showed that the HgCl2 was a little better than NaClO.Penicillium could inhibit the gowth and propagation of bacteria,but could not inhibit the gowth and propagation of fungi on the media.Modified DCR supplemented with BA2.0 mg·L-1 and NAA0.1 mg·L-1 was selected as the explant induction medium,modified MS1 supplemented with BA0.5 mg·L-1 and NAA0.1mg·L-1 was selected as the shoot proliferation medium,and modified MS2 supplemented with the suitable plant growth regulators was selected as the shoot rooting medium.The Activated charcoal 0.5g·L-1 was good for shoot rooting.


We consider the problem of estimating the angles of arrival (AOAs) of multiple sources from a single snapshot obtained by a set of non-coherent sub-arrays, i.e., while the antenna elements in each sub-array are coherent, each sub-array observes a different unknown phase. Previous relevant works are based on eigendecomposition of the sample covariance, which requires a large number of snapshots, or on combining the sub-arrays using non-coherent processing methods. In this paper, we propose a technique to estimate the sub-arrays phase offsets for a given AOAs hypothesis, which facilitates approximate maximum likelihood estimation of the AOAs from a single snapshot. Numerical experiments show that the proposed approach clearly outperforms non-coherent processing, and even attains the Cramér-Rao lower bound in various scenarios.


our network of 11,000 charities across the United Kingdom. We do this through our 25 regional centres, as well as through the FareShare Go app, that connects participating supermarkets directly with charities and community organisations. Given our size and experience, we have been determined to play our part in the UK's pandemic response and to ensure that food has continued to reach those in need.


The crystalline polymorph A form of 2- (5-bromo-4- (4-cyclopropylnaphthalen-1-yl) -4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-ylthium) sodium acetate: ** Formula ** characterized by peaks at 4.90, 9.83 and 25.29 o2θ ± 0.1 o2θ and for at least two more peaks at 6.86, 8.41, 10.13, 17.92 and 23.10 o2θ ± 0, 1o2θ.


─ This paper presents the parameter estimation of a synchronous generator model based on the Gaussian Modulated Sinusoidal Pulse (GMSP). A 2D Finite Element (FE) model is used to evaluate the proposed signal in the estimation of the equivalent-circuit parameters of the generator. The presented methodology is based on the application of a FE model to simulate a standstill test. The FE model is validated against GMSP experimental results whilst the generator is at standstill. Afterwards, the FE simulation results are used to estimate the equivalent circuit parameters using a genetic algorithm. Finally, the estimated parameters are validated by comparing the simulation results against experimental data of a sudden three-phase short-circuit fault. A synchronous generator of a 7 kVA, 220V, 60 Hz, 1800 rpm, four-pole was employed for validating the estimated model parameters. Index Terms Finite element method, genetic algorithm, parameter estimation, synchronous generator.


More than 40 antimicrobial agents, including coccidiostats and other anti-protozoal compounds, broad-spectrum antibiotics, and anthelmintics, have been tested against Cryptosporidium in the course of treatment of infections in humans (Lasser et al., 1979, Human Pathology 10: 234-240; Weisburger et al., 1979, American Journal of Clinical Pathology 72: 473-478; Stemmermann et al., 1980, American Journal of Medicine 69: 637-642; Weinstein et al., 1981, Gastroenterology 81: 584-591; Sloper et al., 1982, Gut 23: 80-82; Moon et al., 1982, Veterinary Record 110: 181; Tzipori et al., 1982, Australian Journal of Experimental Biology and Medical Science 60: 187-190; Angus et al., 1984, Veterinary Record 114: 166-168). Most of these drugs were ineffective against Cryptosporidium. Of the drugs that have been prophylactically used in mice, arprinocid caused a marked reduction in oocyst excretion with no histological evidence of infection (Angus et al., 1984, loc. cit.), although it had been reported earlier to be ineffective in mice when given therapeutically after the inoculation of oocysts (Tzipori et al., 1982, loc. cit.). To date, arprinocid has not been used in humans. The inconclusive findings regarding drugs purported to be effective against cryptosporidiosis prompted the present investigation to test the efficacy of arprinocid, a drug with the greatest promise. Arprinocid, 6-amino-9-(2-chloro-6fluorobenzyl) purine, is an anticoccidial drug with activity against Eimeria (Miller et al., 1977, Poultry Science 56: 2039-2044; Wang et al., 1979, Biochemical Pharmacology 28: 2241-2248). It exerts its activity on the parasite by blocking hypoxanthine-guanine salvage. In addition, arprinocid also inhibits dihydrofolate reductase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. Oocysts of Cryptosporidium were obtained from 1-day-old calves infected with 1 x 107 oocysts and feces collected from day 3 to day 7. Fecal samples were passed through a graded series of sieves and preserved in 2.5% K2Cr2O7. Oocysts were purified by passage through 2 aluminum sieves, ethyl acetate, 1% Clorox, and a discontinuous sucrose gradient. After washings in PBS, an aliquot of 0.02 ml of the sediment in 2.5 ml of PBS was used for smears, which were air dried, fixed (100% methanol), and stained with Ziehl Neelsen carbol fuchsin for 30 min


The variations in quantity and quality of essential oils (EOs) from the aerial parts of cultivated Satureja hortensis were determined at different stages of harvesting. The EOs of air-dried samples were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The antimicrobial activity of the EOs was investigated by broth microdilution methods. The amount of EOs (w/w, %) were 2.3, 2.5, 2.0, and 1.8% at floral budding, full flowering, immature fruit, and ripened fruit stages, respectively. γ-Terpinene was the major compound of the EO at all developmental stages, except the ripened fruit stage when it was replaced by carvacrol (46.4%). The EOs exhibited strong antibacterial activities against the tested bacteria. Moreover, the EOs either inhibited or killed the examined yeasts at concentrations ranging from 0.03-8.0 μL/mL. Considering the wide range of antimicrobial activities of the examined EOs, they might have potential to be used in the management of infective agents.


The R(2,2-trans) isomer (ap = 2-anilinopyridinate), which has two anilino nitrogens and two pyridyl nitrogens bound to each rhodium ion trans to their own kind, shows activation towards the one electron reduction of dioxygen at -0.40 V vs SCE. The ESR spectrum taken at 123 K proves the formation of a ion with oxygen axially bound to one rhodium ion and the complex is at a RhⅡ2 oxidation state. The complex will form [ in presence of mixture without breaking the Rh- bond. When oxidized at -0.25 and 0.55 V, will undergo two one electron oxidations to form . Both species have an axially bound superoxide ion but the former is at and the later at oxidation states. The ESR spetra and addition study, on the other hand, show that the later complex is better described as with the odd electron localized on rhodium ion and the complex has an axially coordinated molecular oxygen. The electrochemical and ESR studies also show that the degree of dioxygen activation is a function of electrochemical redox potential.


ABSTRACT In this paper, the authors deals with non-symmetric kernels induced by weighted quasi-metrics on Hilbert spaces and they study their fundamental properties. These are new and original. Such kind of metrics is obtained from Finsler metrics for example. We show that the use of such kernels may provide a solution to the conflict between positive definiteness of the kernel and the curvature of the underlying space.


Nostalgia increases meaning in life (MIL), but how so? In four experiments-using varied operationalizations of nostalgia, diverse populations, and complementary methodologies-we identified a serial process. We hypothesized and found, in Experiment 1, that self-continuity boosts MIL. We hypothesized and found, in Experiment 2, that nostalgia increases MIL through self-continuity. Finally, we hypothesized and found, in Experiments 3-4, that nostalgia fosters social connectedness, which plausibly heightens self-continuity, which in turn strengthens MIL. The findings clarify an intricate pathway through which nostalgia renders life more meaningful.


Bacterial conjugation is a major contributor to horizontal gene transfer, and is the predominant means by which plasmid-borne antibiotic resistance and toxin genes are dispersed. In the anaerobic pathogen Clostridium perfringens, the mechanism of plasmid transfer is currently being elucidated. The 11 gene transfer clostridial plasmid (tcp) locus is required for conjugative plasmid transfer and includes the intP and tcpA-tcpJ genes, variants of which are present in all conjugative resistance and toxin plasmids from C. perfringens. In this laboratory previous studies on the prototype conjugative resistance plasmid pCW3 have shown that the tcpA, tcpF and tcpH genes are essential for the conjugative transfer of pCW3. TcpC is a conserved hypothetical protein consisting of 359 amino acid residues with low-level (24%) amino acid sequence identity to Orf13 from Tn916. It has a potential coiled-coil domain and a putative transmembrane domain (TMD) within the N-terminal region. By carrying out mutational and complementation studies this study showed that TcpC is involved in pCW3 conjugation. tcpC mutants were reduced in their ability to transfer by a 100, 000 fold, which was subsequently complemented to wild-type levels. These results provided evidence that TcpC is required for the efficient conjugative transfer of pCW3. In collaboration with Dr. Corrine Porter, the X-ray crystal structure of the 261 amino acid truncated TcpC99-359 protein was determined to 1.8A, which revealed the presence of a homotrimer in a single crystallographic asymmetric unit. Each monomer had two structurally identical globular domains separated by a large poly-linker of seven amino acids and each of these globular domains had structural similarity to that of the predicted periplasmic domain of VirB8 from both Agrobacterium tumefaciens and Brucella suis and also to nuclear transport factor 2 (NTF2) of eukaryotic cells. In addition, this study also showed that TcpC localized to the membrane independently of the other Tcp proteins. A novel interaction between TcpC and the putative peptidoglycan hydrolase TcpG was identified by bacterial two-hybrid analysis. Functional genetic analysis together with bacterial two-hybrid analysis showed that the N-terminal region of TcpC, especially the region spanning residues 57-79, which forms a putative transmembrane domain TMD is essential for interactions with itself, TcpA, TcpH and TcpG and therefore for TcpC function. The results showed that both of the C-terminal globular domains were functional, with the C-terminal domain having a major role in TcpC protein-protein interactions. The conserved residues FFK, which are located within the C-terminal domain, were shown to be essential for its proper folding and for interactions with the putative coupling protein TcpA. Finally, based on these data it was concluded that by forming homo- and heterooligomeric protein complexes, TcpC contributes to the stability and integrity of the pCW3 mating pair formation complex facilitating its efficient conjugative transfer. Peptidoglycan hydrolases specifically associated with conjugation systems are proposed to facilitate the correct assembly of the transfer apparatus by creating a temporally and spatially controlled local opening in the peptidoglycan layer. At the start of this study no reports were available investigating the role of such enzymes in gram positive conjugation systems. Unusually, two putative peptidoglycan hydrolases TcpG and TcpI are encoded by the tcp locus. Mutation and complementation analysis was used to demonstrate that the tcpG gene was required for efficient conjugative transfer of pCW3, but not the tcpI gene. Furthermore, it was also shown that the two predicted catalytic domains of TcpG were active in C. perfringens and that the conserved predicted catalytic site residues E-111, D-136 and C-238 present within these functional domains were essential for TcpG function. In addition, it was shown that an autoaggregation phenotype was associated with E. coli cells producing TcpG, and that a purified recombinant TcpG had peptidoglycan hydrolyzing activity on cognate peptidoglycan. Based on these results it was concluded that TcpG, but not TcpI is required for efficient conjugative transfer of pCW3 and it was postulated that TcpG is a putative peptidoglycan hydrolase that is likely to facilitate the proper assembly of the pCW3 translocation complex. Based on the results obtained in this study and other pCW3 conjugation related studies carried out in this laboratory a model for the transfer of pCW3 is described.


Based on the problems of various types of ships and complicated navigational waterway conditions in the development of series of standard principal dimensions of inland ships, and following the principle of conformity, principle of meeting the required minimum grade, principle of adaptability, principle of unity, principle of practicality and principle of perspectiveness, this paper proposes to divide the tonnage series of ships, forms a number of principal dimension programs by the grid method, establishes a technical and economic model and evaluation index system and determines the optimal principal dimension series program by using the comprehensive evaluation method. Examples are given to demonstrate the "series of standard principal dimensions of dry bulk carriers of transport ships in the Ganjiang River, thus proving the correctness of the established model method.


Per Albrech, Director of the Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Spain, Dr Bernhard Graf, Institut fur Museumskunde, Germany, Dr Eilean Hooper-Greenhill, University of Leicester, Mr Jan Hjorth, Riksutstallningar, Sweden, Mr Pippo Lionni, Integral Concept, France, Dr Robert Lumley , University College London, Dr Paulette McManus, Dr Melanie Quin , NINT Technologie Museum, The Netherlands, Mr Ian Ritchie, Ian Ritchie Architects, London, Professor Bernard Schiele, University of Quebec, Canada, Professor Roger Silverstone, University of Sussex, Mrs Gillian Thomas, The Science Museum, London and Dr PJ Vergo, University of Essex.


Background & Objective: Over a period of time great emphasis has been made to prevent diabetes and its complications, and BMI have evolved into a reliable indicator for predicting the incidence of diabetes mellitus. But for a common man BMI is difficult to understand and calculate and there is a need for a more easily acceptable, understandable and measurable parameter as a predictor for diabetes risks. WC is one such parameter and the study tries to establish a correlation between (WC) and FBS with an aim to establish WC as a predictor of diabetes risks. Methods: From our ongoing diabetes screening study 220 Hindu priests were selected. This includes 55 newly diagnosed diabetes, 55 newly diagnosed pre-diabetes and 110 age matched controls. BMI, WC and FBS were calculated. A statistical correlation was established between BMI and FBS and between WC and FBS. The upper limit above which the risk association became statistically significant (P < 0.005) with pre-diabetes and diabetes were considered to be the cutoff for normal values. Results & Conclusion: The WC was 31.77 ± 2.63, 35.82 ± 1.04 and 41.07 ± 2.24 inches in controls, pre-diabetes and diabetes respectively. A statistically significant difference (P < 0.005) for WC was found between controls and pre-diabetes and diabetes. Normal cut off for waist circumference among the Hindu priest is <35 inches or <90 centimeters. Also, statistically significant correlation was established between BMI and FBS and between WC and FBS however, correlation between WC and FBS is better than the former. WC more or less correlates with the pant/pyjama/trouser size, and almost everybody is aware of their pant size. Since WC is a more understandable term for the layman and which can be measured and tracked by the layman themselves, WC could be used as a better and more beneficial predictor of diabetes risk. Simply monitoring the pant size can make the layman understand when to ring the alarm and take medical attention or modify lifestyles. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v6i1.10097 Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.6(1) 2015 91-94


The pressure distribution and resistance found by theory and experiment for simple quadrics fixed in an infinite uniform stream of practically incompressible fluid are calculated. The experimental values pertain to air and some liquids, especially water; the theoretical refer sometimes to perfect, again to viscid fluids. Formulas for the velocity at all points of the flow field are given. Pressure and pressure drag are discussed for a sphere, a round cylinder, the elliptic cylinder, the prolate and oblate spheroid, and the circular disk. The velocity and pressure in an oblique flow are examined.


This study was carried out to assess the efficacy of controlling essential oils i.eThymol, Cinnamon and Anise oils with different concentrations compared to 65% Formic acid in controlling Varroa destructor mites infesting colonies of Apismellifera during the winter and summer of 2013 season. Randomized complete block design was applied at this study. The apiary was divided into 7 groups (3 colonies / group). Three application of the oils. Average of Varroa infestation level before treatment ranged between 21–29 in winter and from 37-47 in summer. The treatments were significantly effective when applied in summer than the winter season and when used at 30% concentration than those obtained at 15% concentration compared to the control treatment. Average efficacies percentage ranged between 80.95% (Cinnamon oil 30%) to 86.99 (Thymol 30%) in winter and from 67.46 %(Thymol 30%) to 82.16% (Cinnamon 30%). Thymol oil was the best in winter, however, Cinnamon was the best in summer. Anise oil 30% was intermediate 80.00 and 77.11% in winter and summer treatments respectively. In concern with the effect of the tested oils on brood rearing activity, Anise and Cinnamon oils at 30% concentration were the best (74.54 and 74.35 %. respectively) during January – February. However, in significant differences were found between the tested oils at 30% concentration during August–September. Thymol was the best at 15 % concentration ( 55.38%).However, Cinnamon oil 30% was the best (64.54%) followed by Thymol(56.52%) .


Abstract : The Y2O3/W and YBa2CU3O7-x/W field emitters have been fabricated and the corresponding field emission patterns have been obtained. For the same dimensions and parameters, the field emission current of Y2O3/W is higher and more stable than that of W tip. By measuring field emission currents and voltages and plotting the data in accordance with the Fowler-Nordheim equation, the work function of YBa2CU3O7-x/W was found to be 4.1eV at room temperature. Thermal Field Emission (TFE) can be applied to obtain high intensity brightness and, therefore, has been under scientific study in recent years. The choice of appropriate materials for the fabrication of the field emitter is an important topic in the study of thermal field emission. Keywords: Chinese translations.


Welding jig is an indispensable tool in the automobile production and its pneumatic system design is an important part of production line of welding.This paper not only discusses how to select the pneumatic cylinder in the welding jigs,but also analyzes the basic design ideas and working principle of jig control and determines the distribution of input and output ports.Besides that,this paper achieves automated clamping of jigs based on PLC-based control ladder diagram.


As the world population is increasing rapidly, food and water demands are the most crucial problem for humanity. In some areas of the world, water or environment is unsuitable for plant growth; hydroponic systems can provide a suitable environment for crop production with effective management of natural resources. Internet of Things paradigm based automated systems has been creating an excellent opportunity for monitoring and controlling agriculture by minimizing the cost and maximizing the profit significantly over the past decade. The reduction of the cost can be achieved by sufficient usage of resources and setting up optimum operational parameters for agricultural devices. This paper presents an optimization scheme with novel objective function for hydroponics environment parameters management with efficient energy consumption. The proposed approach provides optimal energy and resource utilization in the hydroponics system with setting up a working level and operational duration to the actuators. We have developed an optimization scheme with objective function for optimal humidity and water level control based on fuzzy logic, which can support the optimal measurement for crop growth with energy efficiency. Fuzzy logic control is applied for the compromise between actuators working level and operational duration. A real hydroponics environment has been implemented and presented to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. It can be assessed through the simulation results that the optimization module achieves a signification reduction (18%) in energy consumption as compared to the other scheme.


The Illinois Computing Graphics System (ICGS) is a batch system for a minicomputer. It executes a limited number of system programs, and provides facilities for rapid overlaying of these programs. This manual is intended to aid the system programmer in setting up the system tables. (auth)


Objective: To find out the effect of Nd-YAG laser hyaloidotomy for pre-macular hemorrhage in terms of success and visual outcome. Methodology: This case series study was performed at Saidu Teaching Hospital, Swat and Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar, from January 2016 to December 2017. Patients with pre-macular hemorrhage of any etiology who could sit comfortably on slit lamp were included in the study. Nd YAG laser posterior hyaloidotomy was performed. Patients with creation of an opening and bleeding into vitreous cavity after applying laser were  termed successful. Follow-up was done at 1, 3 and 6 weeks intervals. On each visit, visual acuity was checked. Data were entered into SPSS version 20 and analyzed for descriptive statistics. Results: Total 37 patients were included in this study. The most common causes of pre-macular hemorrhage were proliferative diabetic retinopathy in 20 (54.05%) cases, ocular trauma in 6 (16.21%) cases and valsalva retinopathy in 5 (13.51%) cases. The procedure was successful in 33 (89.18%) patients; however 2 of them had persistent vitreous hemorrhage. After laser treatment, visual acuity improved in 32 (86.48%) patients. No complications of the procedure were seen in any of the patient. Conclusion: Nd-YAG laser hyaloidotomy was found to be effective procedure as it was successful with improved visual acuity in most of the patients.


In this research we should examined motive behind the practice of real earnings management by managers in the Indian firms. Using a large data of listed Indian firms First, our study indicates the practice of real activity earnings management with a motive of improving the firm value, second improved firm value leads to higher compensation for the managers and finally we demonstrate managers practice of earnings management for not only avoiding losses but also to report earnings closer to industry averages. Our research advances the existing literature on earnings management by studying the motives for real activity earnings management, and family firms. Our study has practical and research implications to the investors, lenders, suppliers, academicians, policy makers, and regulators as the practice of real earnings management is detrimental to the economy.


This book is a product of a European Community funded research programme in which nine European countries are participating, and includes a contribution from the United States. Unfortunately, only five of the nine feature in this volume to any great extent, due to the different launch times of the research in member countries. By far the largest contribution comes from the British teams, whose studies had made the greatest progress at the time it was decided to produce the book. The timing could usefully have been delayed until more European contributors were able to write about their own national studies. It would have been particularly interesting to know how the Danes, who have an enviable reputation in social care of elderly people, are coping with the consequences of their recent decision not to build


Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize extraction conditions for functional components of buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum). A central composite design was applied to investigate the effects of three independent variables, namelyextraction temperature (X1), extraction time (X2), and ethanol concentration (X3), on responses including extraction yield (Y1), total phenolic content in the extract (Y2), -glucosidase inhibition activity (Y3), and acetylcholine esterase (ACE) inhibition activity (Y4). Data were analyzed using an expert design strategy and statistical software. The maximum yield was 24.95% (w/w) at extraction temperature, 8.75 hextraction time, and 15.65% (v/v) ethanol. The maximum total phenolic yield was 222.45 mg/100 g under the conditions of extraction temperature, 8.65 h extraction time, and 81.72% (v/v) ethanol. The maximum -glucosidase inhibition activity was 85.38% at , 7.86 h, and 57.58% (v/v) ethanol. The maximum ACE inhibition activity was 86.91% under extraction conditions of , 4.86 h, and 44.44% (v/v) ethanol. Based on superimposition of a four-dimensional RSM with respect to levels of total phenolics, -glucosidase inhibition activity, and ACE inhibition activity, obtained under various extraction conditions, the optimum ranges of conditions were an extraction temperature of , an extraction time of 2-8 h, and an ethanol concentration of 30-80% (v/v).


Aiming at the threat of IR imaging guiding weapons to targets and the deficiency of the traditional camouflage equipments,the method of adopting dynamic temperature control technology and dynamic IR emissivity control technology to change the camouflage′s thermal imagery dynamically,making covering targets from being detected and tracked by IR imaging system possible is proposed.An IR dynamic distortion camouflage system(IRDDCS) using temperature control devices and IR emissivity control devices was designed.The principle and implementation of the two types of devices were discussed.The working process of IRDDCS was described.The thermal imageries of IRDDCS at different times were offered to show its dynamic distortion camouflage effect.


A study on race and slavery in the Spanish Constitution of 1812 based on unpublished sources, taking into account the question of slave traffic and the 'peculiar institution' in metropolitan Spain. Fecha de envio / Submission date: 18/10/2013 Fecha de aceptacion / Acceptance date: 21/12/2013


The "eclectic method" in NT textual criticism is one of several disguises for the broad and basic problem of the "canons of criticism" or of the "criteria for originality" as applied to the various readings in the NT textual tradition, and in a real sense eclectic methodology—in its several forms as currently practised—is as much a symptom of basic problems in the discipline as it is a proposed and widely applied solution to those problems. By the same token, perhaps every methodological approach and even every discussion of methodology in NT textual criticism could be described as symptomatic of the problems; yet the eclectic method seems in a particularly pointed way to veil the problems of the discipline, for by its very nature it tries in one way or another to utilize all available approaches to textual problems, and in a single given case of seeking the original text it often wishes to apply to the problem several established text-critical criteria, even if these criteria have the appearance of being mutually exclusive or contradictory.


As the credit industry has been growing rapidly, huge number of consumers' credit data are collected by the credit department of the bank and credit scoring has become a very important issue. Usually, a large amount of redundant information and features are involved in the credit dataset, which leads to lower accuracy and higher complexity of the credit scoring model, so, effective feature selection methods are necessary for credit dataset with huge number of features. In this paper, a novel approach to credit scoring feature selection based on fuzzy-rough model and information entropy is proposed. Three UCI credit datasets are selected to demonstrate the competitive performance of the presented method comparing with some other methods. Experiments show the proposed method get a better performance comparing with the classical rough set approaches.


Feature selection is a process to select key features from the initial feature set. It is commonly used as a preprocessing step to improve the efficiency and accuracy of a classification model in artificial intelligence and machine learning domains. This paper proposes a redundancy based unsupervised feature selection method for high-dimensional data called as RUFS. Firstly, RUFS roughly descending order the features by the average SU with the other features. Secondly, RUFS orderly check each feature to decide whether it is redundant or not. Finally, it selects the proper feature subset by repeating the second step until all the features are checked. After key features are selected, the research implements classifiers to check the quality of the selected feature subset. Compared with the other existing methods, the proposed RUFS method improves the mean classification of 11 real datasets by 8.1 percent at least.


The invention discloses a roller rolling mechanism of a computerized flat knitter. The roller rolling mechanism comprises a first roller rubber tube and a second roller rubber tube, more than one of the outer surface of the left end and the outer surface of the right end of the first roller rubber tube, and the outer surface of the left end and the outer surface of the right end of the second roller rubber tube are provided with waves which are distributed in a spiral mode, and when the first roller rubber tube and the second roller rubber tube rotate oppositely to downwards roll braided fabric, the waves expand the braided fabric outwards; the spiral waves enable the width of cropping braided fabric to be close to the width of the braided fabric which is just woven on a needle bed.


Recent years have witnessed growing concerns about how we should conduct conservation activities in a world of human-altered biophysical conditions. The 'novel ecosystems' perspective has emerged as a way to meet this challenge. Yet its focus on accepting 'new natures' as the 'new normal' has drawn much criticism from those wedded to conventional forms of conservation, such as 'ecological restoration'. This paper: 1) provides a much needed review of this dispute; 2) formulates and deploys an original analytical framework, which draws on Thomas Kuhn's 'theoretical history' of science and Charles Taylor's moral philosophy to extricate the entangled moral and material ontologies of nature which conflate facts with values in the world-building activities of disputants; and 3) identifies and examines the processes underlying these world-building activities. The paper closes by offering an initial suggestion on how to explore options for resolving this highly contentious debate.


Abstract Snail meal made from the bodies of the African giant snail (Achatina fulica) was investigated for chemical composition and nutritional value for broiler chickens. The meal contained approximately 60% protein, 2% calcium, .8% phosphorus, 4.35% lysine, 1% methionine, and .6% cystine on a dry matter basis. Metabolizable energy (ME) was 14.2 MJ/kg (3400 kcal/kg) dry matter. An inhibitor was present in the raw snails that depressed growth when the meal was included in diets at levels above 10%. Boiling the snails for 15 to 20 min prior to processing completely overcame this depression. Graded levels of boiled snail meal up to 15% of the diet gave similar weight gains to those of a control diet fed to broiler chickens to 28 days of age. The growth depression that resulted from feeding 20% boiled snail meal was overcome by the addition of .25% DL-methionine. A further experiment indicated that .2 or .3% DL-methionine was required to achieve maximum performance of chickens fed 20% snail meal. A control diet, however, was not improved by adding DL-methionine beyond .1%. A significant improvement in growth was obtained from adding 5 or 10% of either fish meal or snail meal to a corn-soybean meal diet. This suggested the presence of unidentified growth factors in snail meal similar to those claimed for fish meal.


In order to improve the robustness of watermark,to adapt the text integrity testing needs,many literature advocates multiple watermarking redundancy embedding method,which relate to the blocked text.Based on Chinese characters structure,the design method of blocked text of Chinese characters and watermarking algorithm were put forward.The method has obvious features of Chinese characters,can effectively improve the robustness of watermark,and raise the watermark's recovery ability after being attacked.


Objective To evaluate clinic effects of general spine system(GSS) fixation in the treatment of thoracolumbar vertebral fracture.Methods 42 patients with unstable thoracolumbar vertebral fracture were treated with GSS fixation,and partially combined with laminectomy and transpedicular bone grafting.Results Vertebral appearance and wedge angle improved significantly.After an average time of 15 months of follow-up,neurological function was restored significantly,including incomplete spinal cord injury,cauda equine injury,nerve root injury.Fractures healed without complications of broken nails.Conclusion The GSS fixation is effective in the treatment of thoracolumbar in recovering the height of vertebral body,correcting the deformation of vertebral column and fast fixation.


ABSTRACT Assessing concrete condition is of major interest either for looking at weak or more damaged areas, or for reliability computations. NDT measurements provide a valuable way of offering a quick overview on the material condition. One of their main weaknesses is that their results cannot be directly linked with material properties. This paper presents how a collaborative research programme has been developed such as: (a) to select the best appropriate measurement techniques, (b) identify calibration laws enabling the quantitative material condition assessment, (c) identify possible valuable combinations of techniques. This strategy is applied to laboratory specimen data as well as to on site data. A focus is also placed on the reliability of the material condition assessment.


We establish Schur–Weyl reciprocity for the q-analog of the alternating group. We examine the restriction of the sign q-permutation representation of the Hecke algebra ℋℚ(q),r(q) on the ℤ2-graded vector space to the q-analog of the alternating group. If the dimension of the even part equals that of the odd part, we find that the centralizer of is a ℤ×-crossed product of the centralizer of ℋℚ(q),r(q). Moreover, we obtain Schur–Weyl reciprocity in that case. The structure is more complicated otherwise, neverthless we obtain some results. When q = 1, Regev has proven Schur–Weyl reciprocity. Therefore, our result can be regarded as an extension of Regev's work.


Dubrovsky, B. (2004). Un confronto fra visione adattamentistica e visione pluralistica dell'evoluzione in psichiatria. In G. Corbellini & S. Canali (Eds.), Medicina Darwiniana. L'approccio evoluzionista alla malattia (pp. 91–143). Rome: Apeiron Editoria E Communicazione Srl. Jonsen, A. B. (1989). Humanities are the hormones. Perspectives in Biology and Medicine, 33, 133–141. Krimsky, S. (2000). Hormonal chaos. The scientific and social origins of the environmental endocrine hypothesis. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. Lewontin, R. (1984). Adaptation. In E. Sober (Ed.), Conceptual issues in evolutionary biology (pp. 235–251). Cambridge, MA: Bradford Books/MIT Press. Mason, J. W. (1974). Specificity in the organization of neuroendocrine response profiles. In P. Seeman & G. Brown (Eds.), Frontiers in neurology and neuroscience research (p. 68). Toronto, ON: University of Toronto Press. Pakák, K., & Palkovits, M. (2001). Stressor specificity of central neuroendocrine responses: Implications for stress related disorders. Endocrine Reviews, 22, 425–450. Rutter, M. (1985). Resilience in the face of adversities. British Journal of Psychiatry, 147, 598–611. Selye, H. (1936). A syndrome produced by nocuous agent. Nature, 138, 22. Vaillant, G. E. (1993). The wisdom of the ego. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Waddington, C. H. (1976). Evolution of the subhuman world. In E. Jantsch & C. H. Waddington (Eds.), Evolution of consciousness (pp. 11–23). Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.


Funding: CKM gratefully acknowledges the support of EPSRC Grant No. EP/N014642/1 (EPSRC Centre for Multiscale Soft Tissue Mechanics - With Application to Heart & Cancer).


A method of digital redesign that can take computational delays and disturbances into account is presented and applied to an industrial analog driver for stepping motors. The method is based on the so-called Plant-Input-Mapping (PIM) method, which guarantees the stability for any non-pathological sampling interval and is extended to the case where computational delays are present. The delay, which does not have to be integral multiple of the sampling period, is considered to be a part of the plant so that adverse effects of the delay on the digital controller performance can be taken into account. Since the effects of disturbances in the motor should also be dealt with in the driver, modifications to the PIM are incorporated such that the characteristics from the disturbance to the plant-input can be adjusted without affecting those from the reference input. The performance of the resulting PIM method is investigated experimentally and found to be very close to that of the analog original, which cannot be...


Recent publications in the Electroencephalogram (EEG)-based brain–computer interface field suggest that this technology could be ready to go outside the research labs and enter the market as a new consumer product. This assumption is supported by the recent advantages obtained in terms of front-end graphical user interfaces, back-end classification algorithms, and technology improvement in terms of wearable devices and dry EEG sensors. This editorial paper aims at mentioning these aspects, starting from the review paper "Brain–Computer Interface Spellers: A Review" (Rezeika et al., 2018), published within the Brain Sciences journal, and citing other relevant review papers that discussed these points.


A chromone, khellin, has earlier been shown to have a protecting effect against asthma (2), Altounyan demonstrated (i , 2) that a chromone derivative—disodium cromoglycate (DSCG), (Eomudal®)—had antiallergic activity when inhaled before antigen challenge. As a consequence many clinical trials of this drug were performed (6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16). With a few exceptions (6, 7) the authors have stated protective effects. In those surveys in which objective measurements have been used, above all the forced exspiratory volume in one second (FEVi.o), the results have not been unequivocal (6, 8). Hovccll & Jltoiinyan (2) reported a clinically significant improvement in 84 of 94 patients treated with DSCG. In only 49 per cent of these patients, however, there was an increase in FEVi.o of more than 20 per cent. The best results were obtained in patients below 50 years with specific allergic asthma (11).


Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) are critical for the development of the economy in any country and known as the backbone of industrial development in both developing and developed countries. SMEs play a key role in the economy in terms of their contribution to the national output, employment, and the number of firms operating in the country. Effective management of working capital management is necessary for a firm's survival as well as the success of a business. It is essential to maintain a healthy working capital of Small and Medium Scale Enterprises to keep the solvency and liquidity of SMEs. The problem identified in the research was that, in Sri Lanka, 82% of SMEs are export enterprises which are expected to provide a substantial contribution to the total exports of the country, however, at present, it only contributes approximately 5% of total exports. Therefore, the main objective of the study, was to identify whether there is an effect of working capital management (WCM) practices towards the export performance of the SMEs. The respondents were chosen through a systematic sampling technique, and the responses were analyzed using SPSS version 21 to discover impact of WCM on export performance of the company. The results of the study showed that Receivable management, Inventory management, and Payable management significantly affect export performance while cash management does not have a significant effect. Findings concluded that there is a positive relationship between WCM practices and export performance of SMEs. Hence, in order to enhance the export performance, SMEs should also consider their working capital practices among other requirements.


To assess the need for a regional expertise in movement disorders, the numbers of patients, clinic visits, and medication changes for a new movement disorder clinic were recorded. During 3½ years, 355 patients were seen, with 1,329 clinic visits. Idiopathic Parkinson's disease was the most common diagnosis, comprising 36% of the population, followed by dystonia (17%), tremor (12%), parkinsonism (i. e., Parkinson's plus syndromes, drug‐induced parkinsonism, etc.) (10%), chorea (10%), Tourette's syndrome (6.5%), and tardive dyskinesia (3.4%). Distribution of follow‐up visits was similar, with Parkinson's disease (52%) being most frequent and Tourette's syndrome (3.1%) least frequent. The relative utilization of medical care by each patient group was assessed by determining the number of medication changes and the number of clinic visits per follow‐up year. No differences in these measures were found using a one‐way analysis of variance. Of the Parkinson's disease patients, 67% had Hoehn and Yahr stages III‐IV and 77% of the clinic visits were made by this subgroup. When considered in light of the prevalence of each of the diseases, these data show a need for an expertise in movement disorders for a population base of the size we have served.


In response to the increasing amount of drug information, the teaching strategy of Pharmacotherapeutics was changed from Teacher-based Classroom Lecture to Small Group Discussion ( SGD ) revolving around ten to twelve of the most prevalent diseases in the country. Objectives: To investigate the effect of small group discussion on the performance of Pharmacology students by 1) Comparing the drug choices of students during Medical Internship with those of Pharmacology teachers for five selected clinical conditions 2) Describing the attitudes of Medical Students while in Medical Clerkship towards SGD 3) Determining areas of disagreements in prescribing choices between Clinical Consultants and Pharmacologists. Methods: Medical Interns and their pharmacology teachers were concurrently administered the same questionnaire testing their drug choices for five clinical conditions. Attitudes of Medical Interns during their Clinical clerkship towards SGD was determined using their reflection papers. A survey was also conducted among interns to determine which diseases showed more frequent disagreements in prescribing between clinical consultants and pharmacologists. Results: Ninety one medical interns participated in the study. Agreement on the choice of drugs was generally low ( 23%-44% ) except for Exercise-induced Asthma (89%). Majority of 147 reflection papers by clinical clerks expressed positive attitude towards SGD as a learning tool for Pharmacotherapeutics. Medical interns also perceived that drug choices of their clinical consultants/residents agree with what they were taught in Pharmacology 70% of the time. But it was actually 43% low when they were given five clinical cases to virtually treat. It is presumed that their drug choices only reflected their actual prescribing practice while under the supervision of their Residents/ Consultants. Most disagreements were observed in the treatment of Hypertension and UTI. Conclusions: There was poor retention of knowledge about drug choices from undergraduate Pharmacology especially for eradication of H. pylori and recurrent UTI at 23% and 28%, respectively. Forty six percent of medical interns concur that Small Group Discussion is an acceptable strategy for case –based learning. It likewise positively influenced their prescribing decisions as Medical Interns.


Narrow-linewidth, single longitudinal mode operation is demonstrated in an erbium-doped fibre laser with an intracavity nonlinear absorptive wave mixing of the counter propagating beams. An unpumped length of erbium-doped fibre serves as the saturable absorber. Linewidths of the order of a few kilohertz are obtained.


We numerically investigate the damping of Bloch oscillations in a one-dimensional lattice potential whose translational symmetry is broken in a systematic manner, either by making the potential bichromatic or by introducing scatterers at distinct lattice sites. We find that the damping strongly depends on the ratio of lattice constants in the bichromatic potential and that even a small concentration of scatterers can lead to strong damping. Moreover, collisional interparticle interactions are able to counteract aperiodicity-induced damping of Bloch oscillations. The discussed effects should readily be observable for ultracold atoms in optical lattices.


This report analyzes the recently proposed regulations and accompanying notice on the tax treatment of compensatory transfers of partnership interests. Mr. Upton first discusses the evolution of the tax treatment of compensatory transfers of partnership interests and then analyzes the proposed regulations and notice. He next addresses the effect and compliance burdens the proposed regulations and notice may have, particularly on service-oriented partnerships. He also discusses various problems associated with the approach chosen by the IRS, including capital accounting problems. The author notes that the application of section 83 to the transfer of partnership interests that occurs when a new partner joins a service partnership is an imperfect fit at best - particularly given the unclear vesting status of most service partners. He also discusses issues that the proposed regulations and notice do not clearly address, such as transfers of interests in related entities and equity compensation for rank-and-file employees (must they be treated as partners for all purposes - for example, receiving a K-1 instead of a W-2, paying self-employment taxes, and so forth?). Mr. Upton concludes that the proposed regulations and notice create more problems than they resolve.


Purpose – This paper aims to describe the University of Idaho Library's efforts to develop instructional videos starring the school mascot, Joe Vandal, and integrate these videos across the curriculum using the university's course management system. Video development, implementation in library instruction courses, and student and faculty assessment are discussed.Design/methodology/approach – The video creation process is described thoroughly, with an eye towards best practices, for those libraries that may wish to develop their own videos. Applications for implementation outside library instruction are also discussed.Findings – Although costly, professional‐quality videos are an engaging and effective way to reach students. Students at the University of Idaho found the library's instructional videos, starring the school mascot, to be entertaining, informative, and easy to understand.Research limitations/implications – The longitudinal effect of the videos on information literacy instruction has yet to be ...


Learning by doing is an effective way to teach to design students and enables educators to provide them a durable knowledge about materials. This way of learning is essential for designers to exploit with awareness the potentials and the limits of materials. In this perspective, the presented workshop focuses on introducing the class of smart materials to the students, in order to facilitate a material replacement activity in some product design icons. Smart Materials are a peculiar category of materials characterized by a "non-intuitive" behaviour when submitted to the action of a certain chemical-physical stimulus. The use of those materials allows designers to imagine new kinds of interaction between users and products: the responsive behaviour of smart materials is very effective when designing products is oriented to emphasize the user experience. So, the object of this work is a one-day workshop with the aim to transfer theoretical knowledge, deepen it, touch it and apply it to product design. The aim of this study is allowing students to have a hand-on appropriation of smart materials characteristics and properties but also to let them understand that designing starting from the materials does not lead only to technical performance improvements, but it can act directly on the user-product interaction.


As organizations move from push, fairly generic and commodized marketing and general, passive customer awareness to customer-centricity and understanding/leveraging of customer needs and expectations, we have progressed from functional value delivery to emotion-based relationships and optimized, personalized experience. This has rendered the marketing 4Ps, devised by academics Neil Borden and Jerome McCarthy in the early 1960s, pretty much that, that is, academic and impractical in today's connected, mobile, content-seeking world. Organizations are branding experiences, empowering employees and building humanity and trust into the product and service value they deliver. There is a new set of 4Ps, and perhaps 5Ps, which organizations will require to become world-class, strategically differentiated enterprises.


Despite numerous studies that have reported microbial utilization of asphalt under both laboratory and natural conditions, little consideration is (or has been) given to microbial activity as a possible cause of asphalt pavement deterioration. Recently, highway officials in Mississippi began to notice unexplained blistering and cracking of newly overlaid asphalt highways and/or the deterioration of the underlying asphalt or concrete. These highway failures were similar to highway failures in Kansas, described by Harris and his associates in the 1950s, that were found to be caused by microbial activity. This led to the present investigation that was designed to determine if microorganisms were the causative agents of the blisters and determine if the problem could be prevented or minimized by controlling microbial activity.


Pressure equipment can be able to grout solidifiable slurry material into the space of groud,soil or rock fissures to make them expansion,cement and solidifition for reducing the permeability of formation,and enhance the strength by drilling hole.Grouting process for blocking against water has been used widely in the control of water surging in mine shaft.Based on the principle of grouting process for blocking against water in the control of water surging in mine shaft,construction program,method and the control of grouting technology in Huangyuchuan Coal Mine has been introduced.


The most of the human emotions are communicated by changes in one or two of discrete facial features. Theses changes are coded as action units (AUs). Among the facial features mouth has most flexible deformability and it is highly complicated to track. In this paper, we develop a lip shape extraction and lip motion tracking system both in static and dynamic facial images, based on a novel two step active contours model. A knowledge based system is used for estimating initial position of mouth. An oval shaped initial active is considered inside the estimated mouth region. At the first step active contour locks onto stronger upper lip edges by using both high threshold Canny edge detector and balloon energy for contour deflation. Then using lower threshold image gradient as well as balloon energy for inflation, snake inflates and locks onto weaker lower lip edges. Extracted lip feature points are used to extract some geometric features to form a feature vector which is used to classify lip images into AUs, using probabilistic neural networks (PNN). Experimental results show robust edge detection and reasonable classification where an average AUs recognition rate is 85.98% in image sequences and 77.44% in static images


Source Citation Eriksson U, Seifert B, Schaffner A. Comparison of effects of amphotericin B deoxycholate infused over 4 or 24 hours: randomised controlled trial. BMJ. 2001 Mar 10;322:579-82. 112381...


With the fundamental trade-off between speed and sensitivity, existing quantitative phase imaging (QPI) systems for diagnostics and cell classification are often limited to batch processing only small amount of offline data. While quantitative asymmetric-detection time-stretch optical microscopy (Q-ATOM) offers a unique optical platform for ultrafast and high-sensitivity quantitative phase cellular imaging, performing the computationally demanding backend QPI phase retrieval and image classification in real-time remains a major technical challenge. In this paper, we propose an optimized architecture for QPI on FPGA and compare its performance against CPU and GPU implementations in terms of speed and power efficiency. Results show that our implementation on single FPGA card demonstrates a speedup of 9.4 times over an optimized C implementation running on a 6-core CPU, and 3.47 times over the GPU implementation. It is also 24.19 and 4.88 times more power-efficient than the CPU and GPU implementation respectively. Throughput increase linearly when four FPGA cards are used to further improve the performance. We also demonstrate an increased classification accuracy when phase images instead of single-angle ATOM images are used. Overall, one FPGA card is able to process and categorize 2497 cellular images per second, making it suitable for real-time single-cell analysis applications.


The purpose of the paper is to evaluate indicators describing the participation of men and women in external financing of new small and medium businesses in different countries. As the initial information in our study, we used the data obtained from the implementation of the Global Entrepreneurship Monitoring Project. The study evaluated the indicators that characterize the participation of men and women in investments in emerging businesses, and the average values of the corresponding contributions. The scientific novelty and originality of our study are as follows: indicators on external investment in SMEs by men and women in different countries have been assessed; six indicators describing external investments for start-up entrepreneurs were modelled; males' participation in external financing of SMEs has shown to be higher in most countries than in women, and there is a gender gap in external funding; average values of deposits in investments for start-up entrepreneurs have been established; significant differences in the values of the six indicators under consideration by country are shown; countries with high and low values of each of the six indicators are represented. The results are of theoretical and practical importance for government bodies and entrepreneurs. The methodological approach to assessing external financing of new SMEs proposed in the article can be applied in further studies. The new knowledge gained is of interest and can be used in the educational process in universities. Further research may aim at detailing the structure of external financing recipients among entrepreneurs.


Clinical information systems are increasingly used in emergency departments across the English National Health Service. The implementation outcome is unpredictable and success is not guaranteed. This study identifies facilitating social and technical factors for implementing an Emergency Department Information System. This is a qualitative study, using interviews with 28 emergency department clinicians, administrators and managers. Project management documents, user guides, design blueprints and internal reports were also analysed. Lessons learned include the importance of acquiring an established, customised and user-friendly system, attracting funding, establishing communication channels between stakeholders, developing detailed implementation plans and tailored training programmes, investing in peer-support, and analysing the workflow impact of the system. Socio-technical factors, both in and out of the hospital, influenced the success of the implementation. By being systematic in addressing these socio-technical factors certain implementation barriers can be overcome.


We proposed a good calcinations condition of the ZnO disk to control the crystallography and nanoparticles in ZnO disk. The crystallography of precursor powder and disk powder were analyzed by the X-ray diffraction (XRD). The mean nanoparticles of ZnO disk was determinate by XRD results and observed by scanning electron microscope. The temperature ranges of 400℃ to 650℃ in air for 30 minutes were used calcinations ZnO disk. These temperature can be controlled the single phase, lattice parameters, unit cell volume, crystalline size, d-value, texture coefficient and bond lengths of Zn–Zn, Zn–O and O–O which correspond significantly the hexagonal crystal structure. The nanoparticles were small changed mean of 76.59 nm at the calcinations temperature range.


When entering into the United States, Hanban teachers will face a totally different cultural environment. The different culture may lead to culture shock. This research, by employing mixed methods, investigated the culture shock the Hanban teachers in the United States have experienced. By looking at the teachers' personal characteristics and the happenings to the teachers in the culture shock period, it also identified the main factors that significantly predict the culture shock. In addition, practical ways were suggested to help the teachers cope with cultural shock effectively.


The present invention relates to a method for producing and assembling custom hot runner manifold plates in various configurations. The method comprises the steps of preparing a plurality of manifold plates, storing the prefabricated hot runner manifold plates in an intermediate storage, selection and retrieval of the distribution plate according to the technical requirements, providing the plug and completion of the hot runner distributor plate. Here, the manufacturing of the distribution plates comprises drilling flow channels into the manifold plates. To complete the distributor plate holes to be drilled for the plugs and the plugs inserted into the drilled holes, said plugs connect the respective flow channels with the respective melt channels associated injectors. Connecting the heating elements with the distributor plates can be done both in the production as well as the completion of the distribution plates.


The corona virus pandemic has changed the way students learn from physical to online learning. The learning model used will affect how the students understand, especially on subjects that require direct practice such as craft subject. This study aims to explore the learning model used in the online learning system and find out how students understand the material provided. Data collection was carried out on a teacher and 28 students who took these subject at Nurul Fikri Islamic Boarding Senior High School in Cinangka, West Java. This research was conducted using a qualitative method through data collection, data presentation, and conclusion and verification stages. Data were collected through observation, interviews and documentation. The results indicate that the Project Based Learning model used can support the online learning on the Craft Subject. In addition to using the Google Classroom application, teacher also makes video tutorials so that students can carry out the project assignments. In the aspect of understanding learning, the majority of students can understand the material and do project assignments well. Students can actively discuss in class and ask the teacher if they do not understand. All students score above the Minimum Completeness Criteria for this subject. Keyword—learning model, online learning system, student learning understanding, project based learning


The phase structure of a simple Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model has been investigated at non-zero values of μ and H, where H is an external magnetic field and μ is the chemical potential. On this basis magnetic oscillations effects were considered. It was shown that there are standard (periodic) van Alphen-de Haas magnetic oscillations of some thermodynamical quantities, including magnetization, pressure and particle density in the NJL system. Besides, we have found non-standard, i.e. non-periodic, magnetic oscillations, since the frequency of oscillations is a H-dependent quantity. Finally, there arises an oscillating behavior not only for thermodynamical quantities, but also for a dynamical quantity like the quark mass.


A technique employed by recommendation systems is collaborative filtering, which predicts the item ratings and recommends the items that may be interesting to the user. Naturally, users have diverse opinions, and only trusting user ratings of products may produce inaccurate recommendations. Therefore, it is essential to offer a new similarity measure that enhances recommendation accuracy, even for customers who only leave a few ratings. Thus, this article proposes an algorithm for user similarity measures that exploit item genre information to make more accurate recommendations. This algorithm measures the relationship between users using item genre information, discovers the active user's nearest neighbors in each genre, and finds the final nearest neighbors list who can share with them the same preference in a genre. Finally, it predicts the active-user rating of items using a definite prediction procedure. To measure the accuracy, we propose new evaluation criteria: the rating level and reliability among users, according to rating level. We implement the proposed method on real datasets. The empirical results clarify that the proposed algorithm produces a predicted rating accuracy, rating level, and reliability between users, which are better than many existing collaborative filtering algorithms.


This paper analyzes some of the questions related to the key novelties in Draft Criminal Procedure Code of the Republic of Serbia. Among a range of issues the attention is focused on those related to general considerations about the reception of foreign procedural models (reasons pro and contra). Furthermore, a second group of questions relates to the analysis of general conceptions in criminal procedure and the substance of adversarial elements starting from a substantially inquisitorial character of Serbian positive criminal procedure and desertion of that concept in favour of adversarial elements which are being analyzed through specific phases of criminal process. The focus of expose, having been considered from that position, is a new concept of investigation, its main characteristics and its contribution to the efficiency of investigative process and the efficiency of the investigation as a whole. Those, as well as other questions analyzed in this paper are being examined from three aspects - the aspect of legal solutions proposed in the Draft Code, the aspect of their normative regulation in comparative criminal procedural legislation, and the aspect of their actuality in theory of criminal procedural law in general.


The study of minority influence has advanced considerably since the late 1960s when Moscovici's pioneering efforts brought the minority's role in the process of persuasion and social influence to the forefront. Moscovici's (1980) insight that the underlying processes of majority and minority influence are quite different has been supported, but the steady pace of research has uncovered various unanticipated findings not easily explained by his conversion theory. In this review, we track recent developments and debates in the field, and consider some major explanatory models of minority influence and their differential postulates regarding cognitive processing and attitude change. We pay particular attention to Crano's (2001) leniency contract model, which details the specific conditions under which majorities and minorities impart influence. Finally, we advance some novel postulates regarding the persuasive impact of out-group minorities.


Abstract The use of irradiated and cold-stored host eggs could be one option to facilitate the mass rearing of egg parasitoids to control lepidopteran pests. The effect on Trichogramma evanescens (L.) wasp quality after 3-month storage of host eggs of the Mediterranean flour moth, Ephestia kuehniella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) and the Angoumois grain moth, Sitotroga cerealella (Olivier) (Lepidoptera: Gelechidae), that had previously been irradiated with gamma radiation, was investigated. Efficiency of T. evanescens was studied by measuring parasitization, adult and female emergence. There was no significant difference in parasitization and in adult and female T. evanescens emergence between gamma radiation doses and the untreated control for up to 30 days for E. kuehniella eggs and, thereafter they decreased drastically as the storage time increased for up to 60 and 30 days for E. kuehniella and S. cerealella eggs, respectively. No parasitization was observed when the eggs were stored longer and then offered to T. evanescens females. Data obtained from diapaused T. evanescens stored at 3°C for 20, 70, 100 and 150 days indicated that pre-storage temperatures affected the induction of diapause. It was possible to induce diapause in developmental stages of T. evanescens by exposing the immature stages (prior to the pre-pupal stage) inside host eggs to 10 and 12°C for 30 days. Under these conditions, parasitoids could be stored for a period of 50 days without adverse affects on emergence. Emergence appeared to decrease with an increase in the duration of storage for a period up to 150 days for the eggs of E. kuehniella. Parasitoids failed to enter diapause when pre-storage conditions were 3 and 7°C for host eggs of both E. kuehniella and S. cerealella. The long-term storage of parasitoids in diapause improved the mass rearing potential for lengthened releases of this species.


Were considered the features of the intellectual approach to the development of complex objects control systems. Was selected the mathematical apparatus of the logical inference theory as a basis for describing the functioning of the inference machine - the main module of intellectual control system. In order to increase the efficiency of this module was offered the deductive method of logical inference by the disjuncts dividing based on defining literals. Was described the procedure of performing logical inference from the formation of the original data to achieving a breakpoint. Process of logical inference by dividing the disjuncts (clauses) on the basis of defining literals is illustrated by an example. Application of this method will reduce the number of vertex of the decision tree that require processing, and thus significantly improve the performance of intelligent control system of complex technical objects.


Because suitable data, joint action models, and PBPK models are lacking for the complete mixture, the recommended approach for the exposure-based assessment of joint toxic action of this mixture is to use the hazard index method with the TTD modification and qualitative WOE method to assess the potential consequences of additive and interactive joint action of the components of the mixture. These methods are to be applied only under circumstances involving significant exposure to the mixture, i.e., only if hazard quotients for two or more of the compounds equal or exceed 0.1 (Figure 2 of ATSDR 2004). Hazard quotients are the ratios of exposure estimates to noncancer health guideline values, such as MRLs. If only one or if none of the compounds has a hazard quotient that equals or exceeds 0.1, then no further assessment of the joint toxic action is needed because additivity and/or interactions are unlikely to result in significant health hazard. As discussed by ATSDR (1992, 2004), the exposure-based assessment of potential health hazard is used in conjunction with biomedical judgment, community-specific health outcome data, and community health concerns to assess the degree of public health hazard.


The COVID‐19 pandemic is a huge challenge to education systems. Most governments around the world have temporarily closed schools, universities, and colleges. At the same time, teachers and students are encouraged to use the online and distance learning programs and platforms as an alternative. In the present study, we proposed a series of innovative solutions in Medical Molecular Biology education during the COVID‐19 pandemic in China, including a flipped classroom model, live streaming course, chat Apps, and scientific papers on COVID‐19 as additional learning material. Our results demonstrated that these innovations not only help teachers to maintain the teaching process as usual but also be useful for protecting students from psychological trauma. Our study indicates that online education with a well‐designed workflow for conducting provides an alternative approach for teachers to maintain quality education during the onset of the emerging crisis.


Objective To evaluate the impact of endoscopic sphincterotomy (EST) and bile duct exploration with open surgery on immune function and inflammatory response. Methods Fifty-one patients with choledocholithiasis were divided into endoscopy group ( EG, n = 24) and laparotomy group ( LG, n = 27 ) according to the patients' will from June 2010 to February 2012. Procalcitonin( PCT), C-reactive protein ( CRP), immunoglobulins (IgA,IgG,lgM) and T lymphocyte ( CD4 ,CD8 ) of peripheral blood were exam- ined preoperatively and on the 1st, 3rd and 5th day postoperatively. Results Compared with preoperative levels, postoperative levels of serum PCT and CRP were higher in both groups (P 〈 0. 01 ) , but on the 3rd day after the operation, the changes of PCT and CRP levels in the two groups were not significantly different ( P 〉 0. 05 ). Postoperative levels of serum immunoglobulins of two groups were lower than preoperative levels (P 〈0. 01 ), but the IgA and IgM levels in EG were significantly higher than those in the LG (P 〈0. 05), and IgG levels in the two groups were not significantly different after surgery ( P 〉 0.05 ). Compared with preoperative levels, postoperative levels of CD4, CD8 and CD4/CD8 ratio in EG were only slightly decreased (P 〉 0. 05 ) , and returned to the preoperative levels on the 5th day postoperatively, but postoperative levelsof these variables in LG were decreased significantly ( P 〈 0. 05 ). Postoperative levels of CD4, CD8 and CIM/CD8 ration of the two groups were significantly different (P 〈 0. 05 ). Conclusion Both EST and bile duct exploration with open surgery can inhibit immune function and induce inflammation, but the procedure of EST, which may mainly affect humoral immune function, has impact on immune function less intensely.

Key words:
Choledocholithiasis ;  Sphincterotomy,endoscopic ;  Laparotomy ;  Acute-phase reac-tion;  Immunity


The measure of the effectiveness of a product or production process taking into account environmental and social performances is strongly influenced by the interpretations and goals of different actors (proposers, companies, regulators and affected community). It is difficult to reach a clear consensus. Each actor wants to give a higher weight to those aspects that benefit or affect him-self. This problem is presented when economical actors want to assess and compare the sustainability from products or processes for doing ecodesign and eco-labeling. A Data Envelopment Analysis application is proposed. This tool provides neutral assessment of the effectiveness taking into account the best evaluated products or industries. Social aspects, besides environmental ones, are included in order to evaluate the relative efficiency of comparable products that may not be obtained by using similar processes. The input and output metrics for the model should be identified; then the model will be described. A proposal of a protocol for doing ecolabeling is presented. Finally the advantages and difficulties of this proposal will be discussed.


The present invention provides a printing system comprising: an image data generator, for at least a portion of the print data as image data; a memory for storing image data and print data; means for displaying an image stored in the display memory data; and a controller, according to input commands, image data stored in the memory is displayed by selecting a desired print data onto the display section.


This study describes the removal of sulfamethoxazole and cephalexin by catalytic ozonation process in two types of reactors i) batch stirred type and ii) water circulation type. The first step was to screen a suitable catalyst during ozonation of sulfamethoxazole in a batch type reactor. It was observed that loading of Fe2O3/CeO2 did not suppress the adsorption capacity of PAC and that adsorption process was by physisorption for Fe2O3/CeO2 loaded PAC or PAC. Moreover, the loading of Fe2O3/CeO2 synergized the effectiveness of powdered activated carbon (PAC), for removal of sulfamethoxazole during catalytic ozonation. Complete removal of sulfamethoxazole was observed using Fe2O3/CeO2 loaded PAC catalyst within 5 min of ozonation on batch reactor. Further screening of catalyst suggested granular activated carbon (GAC) was a better catalyst compared to CeO2, MnO2, and MnO2- CeO2 metal oxides. In the presence of GAC as catalyst, approximately 90 % of cephalexin was removed in 5 min during batch ozonation process. GAC assisted ozonation of two antibiotics was conducted in a newly developed circulating reactors. Circulating batch reactor removed > 98 % of sulfamethoxazole and > 80% of COD using GAC as catalyst in 15 min duration. Similarly, 80-100% of cephalexin was removed using circulation batch reactor. Biodegradability was increased to more than 90% and 98% for cephalexin and sulfamethoxazole antibiotics respectively using circulating batch ozonation. Finally, a separate study was performed for solid phase regeneration of GAC to emulate the effectiveness of in-situ regeneration during ozonation process. In situ ozonation regenerated GAC efficiently. BET analysis, TPD-N2 and TGA profiles of regenerated GAC resembled more of virgin GAC and differed from saturated GAC sample.


The invention relates to an anti-backlash transmission comprising trochoid gears and roll pins with conical teeth, and belongs to the technical field of mechanical transmission. The anti-backlash transmission mainly comprises a pin gear and a trochoid rack, and a rack pair consisting of the pin gear and the trochoid rack realizes movement transmission. Working tooth profiles of teeth of the trochoid rack are flat trochoid internal equidistant lines, and each tooth has a certain conical degree along the tooth width direction. The pin gear meshed with the trochoid rack is provided with a plurality of roll pins, and conical degrees of the roll pins are identical to a conical degree of the rack. The anti-backlash transmission has the advantages that the anti-backlash transmission is good in interchangeability, low in maintenance cost, high in transmission precision and long in service life, backlash is prevented in a meshing procedure, tooth gaps caused by abrasion in a transmission procedure can be compensated, smooth transition between clockwise rotation and anticlockwise rotation can be realized, and the like.


CHYLOUS ascites during infancy is a well recognized clinical entity. A total of 54 cases in children under the age of two and one-half years have been reported since the first description by Ruhrah1 in 1934. The cause of the ascites was unknown in more than 75 per cent of the cases reported. A few infants were found to have congenital anomalies such as chylous cysts of the small-bowel mesentery,2 congenital bands constricting the root of the mesentery and atresia of the thoracic duct.3 , 4 In others an operative procedure,5 , 6 with injury to the lymphatics, or blunt trauma to the abdomen . . .