Horticultural Plant Pathology is a specialized core course of horticultural profession, which is important to this professional students. The following points shoud be pay attention to: be familiar with the course characteristics; make clear the teaching aims; make good summaries; im prove the teaching means; get the practice done well, and so on. Practice and experience about those points was dealt with in the paper.


For most readers there is not a lot of fun to be had at Finnegans Wake. Even those hardy souls who have overcome the mighty Ulysses often give up on Joyce's final novel within the first few pages. If the combination of portmanteau words, irregular grammar, and vast allusive breadth is not sufficient to discourage the reader, the knowledge that there are another 625 pages of this stuff lying ahead almost certainly will. To read any, let alone all, of Finnegans Wake is a challenge. Perhaps the one thing more difficult than reading this text is writing about it. As Finn Fordham demonstrates in the introduction to his excellent Lots of Fun at Finnegans Wake: Unravelling Universals, one can identify a number of different approaches to Joyce's novel within the vast quantity of criticism it has inspired. Choosing which approach to take is not, however, an easy matter. Rigorous structuralist analysis of the text or its composition seems to go against the ethos of this fluid, unstable work. Yet to move too far in the opposite direction risks a descent into critical despair or, worse, inane sub-Joycean wordplay. Fordham's book is an attempt at a responsible analysis of the Wake. It combines the genetic and the exegetical in order to create a new method of reading: "I take a short, relatively self-contained passage of between half a page to three pages, and trace how it grew from its earliest draft of perhaps just fifteen to twenty words, through the many draft levels, up to the form of its appearance in the final version, the third edition


Osteoporosis is a bone disease which manifests itself in the perforation and subsequent resorption of individual trabeculae [1]. Bone mass is consequently reduced leading to a mechanically weakened structure which is prone to fractures. These fractures have serious health and social implications for sufferers of osteoporosis.Copyright © 2007 by ASME


A rapid and effective method, solid phase extraction coupled with high performance liquid chromatogra- phy(SPE-HPLC), was applied to the separation and analysis of ginsenosides. Waters OASIS HLB was used for con- centrating and purifying samples and Alltima C18(53 mm×7 mm, 3 μm) chromatography column was used for sepa- rating ginsenoside Rg1, Re, Rb1, Rc, Rb2 and Rd. These ginsenosides were analyzed within 20 min in our gradient elution process and the equilibrium time of the chromatography column cost only 5 min. Moreover, there was no ob- vious baseline drift in our experiment. This method was used to analyze the contents of ginsenosides in different gin- seng products for quality control. Four ginseng products were studied, including two kinds of capsules, one kind of tablet and one kind of injection. The results show that the method developed in this paper had good accuracy, linearity and precision. Therefore, this method could be applied in quality control of ginseng products. Keywords High performance liquid chromatography; Solid phase extraction; Ginsenoside; Quality control Article ID 1005-9040(2010)-04-527-05


In order to accurately predict the oil temperature of the transformer top layer, based on the traditional neural network algorithm, this paper proposes a transformer top oil temperature prediction method based on VMD (Variational Modal Decomposition) and GRU (Gated Recurrent Unit) neural network. Traditional prediction methods have less consideration of the interaction between different trend items in the oil temperature series, and the oil temperature prediction problem is a time series problem, so the historical oil temperature at the previous time also needs to be considered. In response to the above problems, VMD is introduced to decompose the original sequence into different modalities, and then use the superiority and efficiency of the GRU neural network in timing analysis to establish an oil temperature prediction model, which can avoid the gradient disappearance problem and ensure Prediction accuracy. The results of the calculation examples show that, compared with the traditional prediction method, this method has higher prediction accuracy and higher efficiency than the traditional neural network method.


PURPOSE
The aim of this presentation is to report a rare association between interatrial aneurysm and Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome.

METHODS
We present a 20-year-old girl with Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome, in whom the diagnosis was confirmed by the facial dysmorphic appearance, slit-lamp examination, applanation tonometer, gonioscopy, and cardiovascular examination.

RESULTS
The patient had prominent Schwalbe's line in all quadrants, iris atrophy, and secondary glaucoma in both eyes. The echocardiogram revealed an atrial septal defect with interatrial aneurysm.

CONCLUSION
This is the first case report of coexisting Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome and interatrial aneurysm. We would like to stress that aneurysm can be a potential occult source of cerebral embolism.


In this issue brief, we present the evolution and decomposition of income inequality in Asia for the period 1993 to 2019, using the latest (preliminary) results from simplified Asia Distributional National Account (DINA) a . We find an important decrease in Asian inequality over the past three decades at the regional level; while within countries, we observe very different growth and inequality patterns. While inequality started to rise in India and China substantially in the early 1990s and 2000s, it was stabilized in China while it continued to rise in India. This suggests that development and higher growth rates do not necessarily mean more inequality in the distribution of growth. As a matter of fact, national economic policies matter.


An articulating ball-and-socket fluid coupling includes a ball body 12, a socket body 14, a primary retainer structure 16, an annular seal assembly and a secondary retainer structure 21. The primary retainer structure 16 has a shaft 56 extending through the ball and socket bodies 12, 14 to connect the ball body 12 and the socket body 14 together while permitting the ball body 12 and the socket body 14 to articulate relative to each other. The secondary retainer structure 21 includes an annular member 58 disposed in a ball receiving conduit portion 54 of the socket member and connected to the socket body 14 at or adjacent to an opening into the ball receiving conduit portion 54. The annular member 58 has an inner secondary retainer diameter less than a spherical diameter of a partially spherical exterior surface defining a ball portion 22 of the ball body 12 so that the secondary retainer structure 21 retains the ball body 12 and the socket body 14 connected if the primary retainer structure fails 16.


This paper reviews the development of the first principle force equations for the 6 degree-of-freedom model of the Thunder Tiger Raptor 50 V2 remote-controlled helicopter. The purpose of this project is to study the use of robust control techniques for autonomous rotorcraft applications using an accurate helicopter model. The longitudinal and lateral-directional dynamics of the Raptor 50 helicopter are simulated using a linear parameter varying force model. This model of the helicopter has been incorporated into the Raptor 50 simulation environment for flight control research. Additionally, a thorough testing of the simulation environment was performed to verify that the analytical model matched the performance of the actual Raptor 50 dynamics by comparing the simulated results against flight test data. The simulation environment developed in this initial phase of the study will be used for further control research. A controller is implemented in the Raptor simulation environment to stabilize the lateral-directional dynamics of the helicopter and, furthermore, illustrates the use of the simulation environment as a control analysis tool


This paper describes a Metrorail accident that occurred in suburban Maryland, and the environment in the corporate culture that made it likely that this accident would not be averted. The author, from the National Transportation Safety Board, details the actions of five Metro employees who were involved in the accident and relates their actions. She notes that any one of these individuals could have prevented the accident along the way, but they were all too afraid of losing their jobs to speak up. She emphasizes that the management of this company is responsible for creating a corporate culture that will encourage safe transportation operations.


Aiming at the problem of oversubscription of data relay access request of user stars in future Space-Based Information System, the problem of resource scheduling optimization for data relay satellite system with microwave and laser hybrid links is studied. The characteristics of the hybrid links are analyzed. A multi-objective programming model on static resource scheduling constraint satisfaction problem is established, and a hybrid optimization algorithm integration of artificial immune strategies, niche ideas and improved genetic algorithm is put forward to solve the scheduling model. Simulation results show that the hybrid optimization algorithm optimizes the model quickly, and performs well in the ability of global optimization and convergence. The results validate that the static resource scheduling model could accurately describe the microwave and laser hybrid links relay satellite system resource scheduling problem with multi-tasking and multi-type antenna1.


Let (, M) be the family of all 1-1 holomorphic mappings of the unit disk into a complex manifold M. Following the method of Royden, Hahn introduces a new pseudo-differential metric on M. The present paper is to study the product property of the metric when M is given by the product of two domains and in the complex plane C, thus investigating the hyperbolicity of the product domain with respect to metric.


A 6-page questionnaire which takes about 30-40 minutes to complete by filling in the circles. The following two citations are suggested: 1) Block G. et al., A data-based approach to diet questionnaire design and testing. AM J Epidemiol 1986; 124: 53-469; 2) Block et.al; Revision of dietary analysis software for the Health Habits and History Questionnaire. Am J Epidemiol 1994; 139: 1190-1196.


[1] The transition from Newtonian to non-Newtonian flow of silicate melts is commonly manifested as shear thinning at conditions of high stress and strain rate. Shear thinning may strongly influence the dynamics of magmatic flows, but the details of its microscopic origins are not fully understood. Here we consider viscous heating and thermomechanical coupling as a potential cause of shear thinning. We compare the results of laboratory, uniaxial compression experiments of a silicate melt with the results of thermomechanical numerical simulations corresponding to the experimental setup. Both the experimental and numerical results concord and indicate that the reduction of the temperature-dependent viscosity in flowing silicate melts is a result of viscous heating. Viscous heating was quantified for glasses with viscosities ranging from 108 to 1011 Pa s and strain rates from 10−5 to 100 s−1. The results of 48 compression experiments indicate that the transition from Newtonian to non-Newtonian flow in the silicate melt occurs at a Brinkmann number (i.e., ratio of heat gained to heat lost) around 1 whereas brittle behavior dominates the melt deformation when the Deborah number (i.e., ratio of viscoelastic relaxation time to characteristic deformation time) is larger than around 0.01. The observed viscous heating significantly contributes to the viscosity decrease observed in high stress-strain rate experiments and questions our current understanding of the non-Newtonian deformation behavior of silicate melts.


Emma Paige , Karin Thursky and Monica Slavin Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; NHMRC National Centre for Infections in Cancer, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; NHMRC National Centre for Antimicrobial Stewardship, Peter Doherty Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia


How should authorities that care about match quality and diversity allocate resources when they are uncertain about the market? We introduce adaptive priority mechanisms (APM) that prioritize agents based on both their scores and characteristics. We derive an APM that is optimal and show that the ubiquitous priority and quota mechanisms are optimal if and only if the authority is risk-neutral or extremely risk-averse over diversity, respectively. With many authorities, each authority using the optimal APM is dominant and implements the unique stable matching. Using Chicago Public Schools data, we find that the gains from adopting APM may be considerable.


Crannell et al. (1978) have reported an observed correlation between the time profiles and flux densities of impulsive hard X-ray and microwave solar bursts. We report here on a significant correlation between the flux density of extended bursts of hard X-rays and micowaves. These extended events follow after impulsive bursts and last much longer (see e.g. Fig. 1, Frost and Dennis 1971). However, as extended bursts only occur during very large flares the number of cases available for study is small. The significance of our observations follows from the suggestion of Wild et al. (1963) that the extended bursts are evidence for a second-phase acceleration process in the corona. We show that the observed characteristics of these extended microwave bursts (viz. a rather flat spectrum below a turnover frequency which is independent of intensity) can be explained by gyro-synchrotron radiation from the same population of energetic (E ≈ 100 keV) electrons as those emitting (thin-target) X-ray bremsstrahlung. A detailed source model is discussed in a companion paper (Nelson and Stewart 1979 — Paper B).


ABSTRACT Religious diversity dates to the founding of Cabo Verdean society by Portuguese explorers in the mid-15th century. Increasing anti-Semitism that claimed Iberia beginning in the last decades of that century propelled a disproportionate number of Jews to join Catholic Portuguese migrants emigrating (for their own reasons) to the previously-unoccupied islands of Cabo Verde. Centuries later, another "wave" of Jews fleeing persecution—this time, in Morocco—reached Cabo Verde. In this article, I profile several living Cabo Verdeans with Jewish ancestry, to sample the variety of ways in which diasporic Cabo Verdeans themselves understand and experience their intriguing Afro-Jewish heritage.


Subjects possessed a unilateral power advantage over a simulated opponent in a Prisoner's Dilemma game. In response to the subjects' threats demanding a cooperative response, the simulated target's verbally announced behavioral intentions and his subsequent responses were manipulated in a 2 by 2 factorial design: (1) Honest-Compliant, (2) Honest-Defiant, (3) Dishonest-Compliant, and (4) Dishonest-Defiant. It was found that subjects sent more threats to a compliant than a defiant target. When the target was Honest-Compliant, he converted the subjects into mutual cooperators; but when he was Dishonest-Compliant, subjects exploited him. While behavioral defiance generally inhibited subjects from sending threats, when the defiant target used deceit in the form of announcing intentions to comply, he induced subjects to make themselves vulnerable to exploitation. Conciliatory gestures in the face of threats from an adversary are typically viewed as signs of weakness which are apt to encourage a threatener to intensify his demands. Halle stated that "defenselessness in others invites the assertion of one's own relative power,


Bank Indonesia launched PBI No. 14/22 in 2012. It regulated that it will be mandatory for all commercial banks to give a minimum of 20% of their total credit to Micro, Small and Medium Enterprise (MSME) by 2018 at the latest. With this regulation, the government expects that there will be a significant rise in credit deployment to the MSME sector. This research study shows that by December 2015 there was no significant growth in credit deployment to MSME. As a contrary, the average credit to the MSME sector between January 2012 and December 2015 was lower than the average credit deployment to MSME between January 2011 and Devember 2012.


A scheme for cutting face gears with a sphericity hob and reconstructive hobbing machine was proposed.The basic worm helicoid surface of sphericity hob was deduced,and the coordinate systems for cutting face gears were established.The error difference surface research indicates that theory surface error of the face gear using sphericity hob is very small.The forming error of hobbing is much less than that of slotting cutter.Tooth contact analysis(TCA)indicates that the contact path position and direction are consistent with the theory results,and the transmission errors curve with the new method is favorably parabolic.This research finds a new method for machining face gears,and expands the application scope for the sphericity hob.


This paper studies government support which targets industries capable of learning. Monitoring procedures are implemented to prevent rent-seekers from non-learning industries. But this involves bureaucratic red tape that reduces flexibility in response to world market shocks. The main thrust of this study is that, as an economy develops, the balance shifts endogenously between the need for bureaucratic monitoring and the desirability for flexibility. An optimal strategy may be to support learning, with a certain degree of bureaucracy at an early stage when necessary, but to liberalize the policy toward laissez faire, as the economy matures. The results appear be consistent with empirical evidences in Asian countries.


The article discusses the conception and technique of new flower varieties landscape design in urban park with an example,that is the landscape design of outdoor exhibition area of World Famous Flowers Exposition of Beijing Botanical Garden.Through overcoming its limitations,it shows beauty of plants at the maximum limit by material object( on-the-spot) and fully reflects the role and charm of outdoor flower.


Ergonomics is a science that studies the relationship between human beings and their where its purpose is to provide a productivity increase related to the posture adopted, optimize the time of the employee / operator in their daily task and cause the least possible discomfort. An in-depth study in the administrative sector of a pharmacy reveals can be happening in the most varied branches of Brazil and the world, whether the company a car assembler or an accounting office. In this article we highlight the importance of a careful ergonomic analysis in the work environment, so that we can find "problems-details" and make significant changes in our daily life.


In this report, we give detailed information about implementation and evaluation efforts that were undertaken w.r.t. the system described in [1]. Particular emphasis is given to system-level learning of contextual dependencies, and in particular to the computation of visual features used by the employed learning algorithms. Another important issue treated here concerns the evaluation of the system: we give details about the evaluation procedures and the HRI RoadTraffic dataset which is the basis of the evaluation efforts. As a last point, we compare the HRI RoadTraffic dataset to other publicly available, annotated datasets for road traffic and present arguments why the HRI RoadTraffic dataset constitutes a suitable reference dataset for future benchmarking efforts.


During the second term of the President Michelle Bachelet (2014-2018), a transversal educational reform was carried out. To tertiary education its main purpose was to provide free tuition for higher education institutions (HEIs): Universities, Technical Training Centers (CFT) and Professional Institutes (IP). In that context, this paper analyzes the impact of this educational reform as it pertains to the Chilean system of higher education, with special focus on the implementation of free tuition as a new way to transfer resources from the State to HEIs.
The methods used is the documental analysis of different legal texts, as Acts and Budget Acts. They are analyzing to identify manifestations of governmental rationality, identifying  the language-in-use or its performative dimension.
The analysis considers political variables and how they influenced the process. Its focus is to see legal and institutional changes along with public budget and the impact of HEIs enrolment. The results indicate that despite the significant transformations carried out in the sphere of higher education, the reform could not achieve a significant change in the relationship between the State and HEIs due to the political dispute that arose in the process, thus achieving mixed results.
Chilean higher education provides an interesting case study which can serve as reference for educational debates in other countries.


A Capstone C30 MicroTurbine has been installed, instrumented, and utilized in a junior-level laboratory course at Valparaiso University. The C30 MicroTurbine experiment enables Valparaiso University to educate students interested in power generation and turbine technology. The first goal of this experiment is for students to explore a gas turbine generator and witness the discrepancies between idealized models and real thermodynamic systems. Secondly, students measure and analyze data to determine where losses occur in a real gas turbine. The third educational goal is for students to recognize the true costs associated with natural gas use, i.e. the hidden costs of transporting the gas to the consumer. Overall, the gas turbine experiment has garnered positive feedback from students. The twenty-six students who performed the lab in Spring 2014 rated the quality and usefulness of the gas turbine experiment as 4.28 and 4.19, respectively, on a 1–5 Likert scale, where 1 is low and 5 is high.


The aim of this research is to determine whether the advertising message of Tokopedia, with the theme "Ciptakan Peluangmu" influences business interest among teenagers during the pandemic in the city of Makassar. The research method used is quantitative research, with a population of 338,444 teenagers aged 18-29 in Makassar. The sample size used is 100 individuals. The primary data collection technique involves using a questionnaire through the Google Forms platform, while secondary data is obtained through observation and documentation. The data analysis technique used in this research is simple linear regression analysis, conducted using the SPSS version 25 software. The results of this research indicate that the advertising message has a significant influence on business interest among teenagers during the pandemic in Makassar. With a calculated t-value of 7.473 > the tabled t-value of 1.671, the null hypothesis (H0) is rejected, and the alternative hypothesis (Ha) is accepted. This means that there is an influence of the advertising message of Tokopedia, with the theme "Ciptakan Peluangmu" on business interest among teenagers during the pandemic in Makassar, with a significance level of 0.000 < 0.05. Based on the coefficient of determination, which indicates the magnitude of the influence of the advertising message on teenagers in Makassar, it is found to be 0.491 or 49.1%. This means that 49.1% of the business interest among teenagers in Makassar during the pandemic can be attributed to the advertising message. The remaining 50.9% is influenced by other factors.


The non-neuronal cells and connective tissues surrounding neuronal axons provide a complex stromal connective tissue scaffold 4 for the nerve and are important in understanding and classifying nerve injuries. Encasing the individual axons is the deepest structural layer, the endoneurium. Surrounding the endoneurium, the perineurium


Abstract Investigation of customer participation in new product development (NPD) performance has yielded conflicting results. This study explores the idea that intensive customer participation is not always better. Instead, the usefulness of customer participation in NPD is determined by the fit between product innovativeness and customer participation as information providers and as co-developers. An empirical study of 196 NPD projects of Taiwanese high-tech firms is analyzed by structural equation modeling. The findings show that product innovativeness negatively moderates the impact of customer participation as information providers on NPD outcome. Thus, the greater the involvement of customer participation as information providers in radical innovation projects, the lower the NPD outcome. Moreover, our results also indicate that product innovativeness positively affects the relationship between customer participation as a co-developer and NPD outcome, which suggest that the more customer participation as a co-developer in a radical innovation project, the better the NPD outcome.


Surveys of whitefly parasites in cotton showed few or none were present during July and October in some areas, preliminary observations of sticky traps show that large numbers of parasites were present in some fields during October. Introduction In another report of a whitefly survey of cotton fields herein, sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius), parasite populations in cotton fields in the Coolidge area were very low during July and October. No parasites were collected from fields during mid -July from Avondale to Wadell. Some of the sticky traps used to monitor whitefly populations during 1992 were saved and are just now being checked for whitefly parasites. Preliminary data show that parasites were very abundant in some cotton fields during October. Materials and Methods Adult SPW were monitored with yellow sticky traps (30.5 x 15 cm) wrapped around 7.6 cm diameter cylinders. Traps were attached vertically to 1.2 m sticks and placed at a height of 61 cm just outside 938 randomly selected cotton fields throughout Arizona. After the traps had been examined for whiteflies, selected traps were examined and the total number of whitefly parasites was counted. 1 USDA, ARS, Western Cotton Research Laboratory, Phoenix, AZ 85040. 2 Southwest Boll Weevil Eradication Program, Phoenix, AZ 85282.


Background ITIL – 306 is a genetically engineered autologous TIL cell therapy that amplifies TCR – specific antigen recogni-tion (Signal 1) with an FR a -specific CoStimulatory Antigen Receptor (CoStAR; Signal 2). 1 T-cell activation through the endogenous TCR is dependent on the concentration of cognate peptide-MHC antigen. This study examined T-cell activation across a range of physiologically relevant FR a expression levels and characterized whether functional T-cell avidity (response to cognate antigen concentration) was impacted with CoStAR engagement. determine ,


Shaving aid supply device for a shaving device (60, 160) is a razor head (12, 12 ', 12' ') comprises a razor head, resilient container (62, 162 for holding a shaving aid (300) ) and has a piezoelectric ceramic (65) disposed proximate to the elastic container. Supply device further includes a shaving strip (64) disposed in the razor head, an actuator (130), and a discharge port (68). Shaving strip is directed to engage the user's skin during shaving stroke, the actuator is electrically connected to the piezoelectric ceramic, when actuated, the actuator causes a deformation of the piezoelectric ceramic, thereby, the elastic deforming the container, it pushes through discharge port shaving aid from the container. Alternatively, the actuator may include a shape memory alloy (165), which deforms the container during metamorphosis, extruded through discharge port shaving aid from the container.


The dynamic window-based scheduling is a popular scheduling algorithm used to manage system resources efficiently. It is used in many different types of systems including distributed systems, embedded systems, and real-time systems. This scheduling algorithm works by assigning a window of time to a process or task. The window is then moved through the system, allowing each process or task to use the resources that it needs within the window. The dynamic window-based scheduling algorithm is advantageous because it allows the system to use the resources efficiently. By assigning a window of time to each process or task, the system can ensure that each process or task has an equal amount of time to execute. This also allows the system to prioritize tasks, so that processes or tasks that have higher priority will have a larger window of time to use the resources. Another advantage of the dynamic window-based scheduling algorithm is that it can help reduce latency and improve system performance. By assigning a window of time to each process or task, the system can ensure that each task is able to execute within the window. This reduces latency and improves system performance by minimizing the amount of time that tasks are waiting for resources. Furthermore, the dynamic window-based scheduling algorithm can also help improve system scalability.


Objective To observe the curative effect of Carapax Trionycis decoct pill combined with entecavir in the treatment of hepatitis B fibrosis. Methods A total of 100 patients with hepatitis B fibrosis were randomly divided into treatment group and control group, with 50 cases in each group. The treatment group received oral administration of entecavir dispersible tablet and Carapax Trionycis decoct pill. The control group was given entecavir dispersible tablet alone. Both groups received drugs for liver protecting and transaminase lowering effect, and their treatment lasted for 48 weeks as 1 course. Observation was made on patients' feelings, such as lacking in strength, anorexia, and epigastric discomfort. Detections were made on five items of hepatitis B, HBV-DNA, and liver function [total bilirubin(TBIL), glutamic-pyruvic transaminase(ALT), albumin(ALB)] in 4, 12, 24, 36, and 48 weeks of treatment. Serum indicators of hepatic fibrosis [laminin(LN), hyaluronic acid(HA), Ⅳ-collagen(Ⅳ-C), procollagen Ⅲ(PCⅢ)] were detected before treatment and after 48-week treatment. Fibro Scan was applied in detection of liver stiffness values before and after treatment, and the final curative effect was evaluated. Results After 48 weeks of treatment, both groups had obviously improved general symptoms. Compared with that before treatment, both groups had improved liver function indicators, and most of their HBVDNA turned into negative. The difference had statistical significance(P0.01), while the difference between the two groups had no statistical significance(P0.05). Both groups had improved hepatic fibrosis degree than that before treatment(P0.05), and the treatment group had better improvement than the control group(P0.05). No obvious adverse reactions were found in the two groups. Conclusion Combination of Carapax Trionycis decoct pill and entecavir provides synergistic effect in the treatment of hepatitis B fibrosis, and it also has improving and curative effect for hepatitis B fibrosis.


An ion-exchange separation technique followed by analysis with atomic absorption spectroscopy was used to study the chemical forms and distribution of thallium in Lakes Michigan, Huron, and Erie. The dominant thallium form found in water samples analyzed was the oxidized Tl(III) which comprised 68 ± 6% of the total dissolved thallium, contrary to thermodynamic prediction that Tl(I) is favored in natural waters. A significant proportion of Tl(III) may be in colloidal form. No definite spatial (horizontal or vertical) pattern was found in the distribution of total dissolved thallium in the water columns of Lakes Michigan, Huron, and Erie. An overall decline of thallium concentration from Lake Michigan to Lake Erie was observed which may be related to rapid scavenging removal from the water column.


This article aims to contrastively study the thermal aging characters under different temperature between natural ester and mineral oil-pressboard insulation system. The thermal aging experiment was conducted with copper flat bars together in a sealed stainless vessel at 130 °C for 80 days, and at 100 °C for 220 days separately. Some basic physicochemical and electric characteristics of oil and cellulose varied with aging time, including moisture content, acid value, viscosity, furfural content, dielectric loss, AC breakdown voltage of oil, and the degree of polymerization were tested at each scheduled aging time. Results showed that the value of moisture content and dielectric loss in natural ester were higher than that of mineral oil, but it had a better insulation strength and service life.


The MultiPhoto/Video specification defines a manifest and metadata format and practices for processing and playback of collections of digital photo, video, and related audio and file content stored on an optical disc and other storage media such as memory cards and computer harddrives or exchanged via internet protocols. COPYRIGHT NOTICE Copyright 2001-2002 Optical Storage Technology Association, Inc. All rights reserved. No parts of this document may be reproduced, in whatever form, without express and written permission of the Optical Storage Technology Association, Inc. OSTA & I3A Confidential MultiPhotoVideo – Presentation Profile Specification Ver. 0.39WD, 22 May 2002 © 2001-2002 OSTA 3 of 41 LICENSING IMPORTANT NOTICES This document was developed by the Optical Storage Technology Association (OSTA) and International Imaging Industry Association (I3A). This document may be revised by OSTA. 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ac Susceptometry has been used to study a number of magnetic molecular solids including a new compound, Mn(II) octaethyltetraazaporphyrin, {alpha}-MnOETAP, and decamethylmanganocenium tetracyanoethenide, Mn(Cp*){sub 2}{center_dot}TCNE, a previously reported molecule-based ferromagnet. Both of these compounds exhibit signatures of ferromagnetism including significant hysteresis below 2 K and rapidly increasing {chi}T (where {chi} is the molar susceptibility) with decreasing temperature. However, their ac susceptibility data show relatively strong dependence of {chi}{prime} and {chi}{double_prime} on the frequency of the applied field, indicating a spin-glass state. Other molecular ferromagnetic solids examined show much less sensitivity. These studies indicate that the standard practice of characterization by dc and ac susceptometry at a single frequency are clearly insufficient for identifying the magnetic state of a molecular solid.


Objective: The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the feasibility of a non-contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography(MRA) sequence, Multiple Inversion Pulses Sequence(SLEEK), used in pulmonary artery, and to explore the optimum blood-suppression inversion time(BSP-TI) for good image quality. Materials and Methods: Fourteen healthy volunteers who had no contraindications to MRI and no recent health problems or surgeries were recruited in the study. All subjects were performed at a 1.5 T MRI system for assessing pulmonary artery. The ability to present four segments(1 pulmonary trunk. 2 main right and left pulmonary arteries. 3 interlobar arteries. 4 segmental arteries bilaterally) were evaluated independently by two radiologists using a four-point scale. Relative signal- to-noise ratio(SNR) and contrast-to-noise ratio(CNR) also were determined. Results: Thirteen volunteers were successfully performed SLEEK MRA, only one volunteer failed because of irregular respiration. The subjective image quality was significantly better with BSP-TI 700 ms and 900 ms than with 500 ms, 1100 ms and 1300 ms(P0.05). The CNR and relative SNR of pulmonary artery were significantly better with BSP-TI 700 ms than with 500 ms(P0.05), though showed no significantly better than with 900 ms, 1100 ms and 1300 ms(P0.05), taking into the pulmonary venous contamination consideration(1100 ms 5/13, 1300 ms 9/13), the image quality with BSP-TI 700 ms for pulmonary artery was significantly better than with others. Conclusions: Performing non-contrast-enhanced MRA with SLEEK sequence can achieve clear vessel delineation both in central and peripheral pulmonary arteries with the BSP-TI of 700 ms.


This paper introduces the unique resources of circumstances and the utilizing statue of solar energy in Xinjiang.It also analyzes market potential for popularizing solar energy in this region, points out the problems in the development process. Finally, the author makes some suggestions to extend the market of new energy sources and improve people's standard of living.


The Rockwood Clinical Frailty Score (CFS) is a well validated tool for assessing frailty. However, there is a paucity of data in the literature demonstrating how severity of clinical frailty correlates with adverse outcomes. This gap in the literature limits the ability of physicians, who predominantly use measures of frailty in day-to-day practice such as CFS, to fully construe the implications of increasing frailty for patients in their care.

 In this prospective cohort study, patients (n=186) aged >65 years admitted for unscheduled medical care to a district general hospital, were assigned a clinical frailty score within 24 hours of admission. Patients were then followed up for 12 months and assessed in terms of mortality, discharge to institutional care, length of hospital admission, polypharmacy and re-admission rate.

 This study found significant differences between frail and non-frail populations in terms of adverse patient outcomes including mortality, length of hospital admission, polypharmacy, co-morbidity and re-admission rates. Of greater importance still, this study found that increasing risk of adverse outcomes correlated with increasing CFS. For CFS ≤4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 12-month mortality rates were 7.55%, 28.6%, 31.4%, 37.14%, 87.5% and 100% respectively. For CFS ≤4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 rates of discharge to institutional care were 1.88%, 6.12%, 34.3%, 41.66%, 50% and 40% respectively.

 These results are important as they begin to help physicians form a more nuanced interpretation of CFS. With growing emphasis on individualising patient care, binary categorisation of patients into 'frail' and 'non-frail' groups is felt to be an increasingly inadequate way of viewing frailty. This study adds information to the discourse which helps both physicians and patients to make more informed decisions regarding their on-going medical care. Larger prospective cohort studies will now be required to understand correlation between severity of frailty and patient outcomes.


FIELD: oil and gas industry. SUBSTANCE: well flow rate is changed in compliance with the method for determining the profile of fluid influx and parameters of borehole environment after continuous operation of the well with constant well flow rate during the time which is sufficient to provide minimum influence of production duration on speed of the next temperature change of the fluids supplied from productive formations to the well. Pressure on working face of the well is measured before and after the flow rate is measured. Temperature of influx of fluids supplied to the well is measured for each formation. Time versus fluid influx temperature graph and derivative versus influx temperature graph is built according to the logarithm of the time that passed after the flow rate change. As per the above derivative versus temperature graphs as per time logarithm there determined are the times when temperature derivative reaches constant value, and relative flow rates of formations are calculated as per mathematical expression. As per time versus fluid influx temperature graph there determined is fluid temperature change by this time, and skin factors of formations are calculated as per mathematical expression. EFFECT: higher determination accuracy. 4 dwg


Objective:To Compare the alterations of pelvic floor anatomy and function between the normal female and pelvic floor dysfunction(PFD) patients,to explore the relationship of PFD with specific pelvic floor anatomy abnormality,and to supply the objective bases for the pelvic floor reconstruction surgery.Methods:46 patients with PFD were recruited from January 2008 and march 2009,including 24 patients with pelvic organ prolapse(POP),10 patients with stress urinary incontinence(SUI),12 patients with both symptomes.14 normal women were enrolled as control group.The dynamic and static values of the areas of iliococcygeus,pubococcygeus and puborectalis,the widths of levator hiatus,the urethrovesical angle,the length of H-line and M-line,the levator angle were compared between PFD and control group.Results:The static areas of iliococcygeus,pubococcygeus and puborectalis were larger than those under dynamic status,while the dynamic width of levator hiatus was larger than that under static status in PFD group(P 0.05).However,no marked changes of these markers were found in control group(P 0.05).The urethrovesical angle,the length of Hline and M-line in PFD group were significantly larger than those in control group,while the levator angle in PFD group was smaller than that in control group(P 0.05).Conclusions:MRI can clearly show the anatomy and function changes of pelvic floor,and the abnormality of levator ani muscle in structure and function is associated with PFD.


X-ray sources according to the principle of the "free electron laser" (FEL), will in future, be able to provide bright radiation with pulses in the femtosecond range. Even nowadays, home-lab X-ray sources with very short pulses in the sub-picosecond range are already available for lab experiments. These laser-based sources need different kinds of optics to direct the emitted X-rays onto the samples. On the one hand, the optics should transfer as much flux as possible and on the other hand, the brilliance and timestructure of the source should not be reduced too much. These requirements are fulfilled with 2-dimensional beam shaping multilayer optics. Their design, production and their influence on the shape of the X-ray beam will be explained in this contribution. The optics consist of bent substrates with shape tolerances below 100 nm, upon which multilayers are deposited with single layer thicknesses in the nanometer range and up to several hundreds of pairs of layers. Furthermore, these multilayers were designed with lateral thickness gradients within ± 1% deviation of the ideal shape. This means that a deposition precision in the picometer range is required. We use magnetron sputtering methods for deposition, optical profilometry in order to characterize the shape of the optics and X-ray reflectometry to characterize the multilayers.


At the present time "vital security interests are no longer national interests, and national security interests are no longer vital". Vital national interests are challenged by a wide range of problems that go beyond the military ones that have almost become anachronistic in the face of economic and environmental problems, terrorism, migration, civil unrest, resurgent nationalistic splits and fear of further escalation of tension across borders. These challenges require an adequate, complex and instrumental approach. A single state cannot provide sustainable and satisfactory solutions to all contemporary challenges. The institutional approach is the most appropriate in providing the solution to the new challenges, especially to those related to security and defence issues. The purpose of international institutions and their role is to "provide an acceptable balance between the sovereign equality and independence of states on the one hand and the reality of an interdependent world and the international law commitment to human dignity on the other". To these considerations should be added the assumption that institutions could attenuate the burden of difficulties that amount from the transition processes – most of the Balkan countries are part of it – that aim at transforming centralised regimes into democratic ones.


Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an idiopathic disease that is typically characterized by chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. Recently much effort has been devoted to the development of novel diagnostic tools that can assist physicians for fast, accurate, and automated diagnosis of the disease. Previous research based on Raman spectroscopy has shown promising results in differentiating IBD patients from normal screening cases. In the current study, we examined IBD patients in vivo through a colonoscope-coupled Raman system. Optical diagnosis for IBD discrimination was conducted based on full-range spectra using multivariate statistical methods. Further, we incorporated several feature selection methods in machine learning into the classification model. The diagnostic performance for disease differentiation was significantly improved after feature selection. Our results showed that improved IBD diagnosis can be achieved using Raman spectroscopy in combination with multivariate analysis and feature selection.


Advisors: Prof. Giovanni Pegoretti (Italy) and Prof. Brian W. Gould (USA) ... [See http://marinbozic.info/research.php for other publications by this author.]


This study examines the influence of presor, machiavellian, risk preference, the current information on the ethical decision making of tax consultants. This research was conducted at Tax Consultant Office of Semarang. The research used sample of tax consultant in Semarang City. The sampling method uses convenience sampling and determination of a minimum sample using the slovin formula. The analysis technique used is multiple linear regression with SPSS program. As a requirement for the test statistics have been tested normality and the classical assumption that the results show the data is normally distributed and pass from the classical assumption test. The results of this study indicate that the variable presor and the current information has no significant effect on ethical decision making tax consultant. While variable machiavellian and risk preference have a significant positive effect to ethical decision of tax consultant. Keywords: Presor, Machiavellian, Ris


Multi-Level Agent-Based Modeling (ML-ABM) has been receiving increasing attention in recent years. In this paper we present LevelSpace, an extension that allows modelers to easily build ML-ABMs in the popular and widely used NetLogo language. We present the LevelSpace framework and its associated programming primitives. Based on three common use-cases of ML-ABM – coupling of heterogeneous models, dynamic adaptation of detail, and cross-level interaction - we show how easy it is to build ML-ABMs with LevelSpace. We argue that it is important to have a unified conceptual language for describing LevelSpace models, and present six dimensions along which models can differ, and discuss how these can be combined into a variety of ML-ABM types in LevelSpace. Finally, we argue that future work should explore the relationships between these six dimensions, and how different configurations of them might be more or less appropriate for particular modeling tasks.


A critical review discussing Global Capitalism and the Crisis of Democracy by Jerry Harris (Clarity Press, 2016), The One Percent Solution by Gordon Lafer (Cornell University Press, 2017), Democracy in Chains by Nancy MacLean (Viking, 2017), The Long Depression by Michael Roberts (Haymarket Books, 2016), and Global Capitalism and the Crisis of Humanity by William Robinson (Cambridge University Press, 2014).


We provide a new description of the scaling limit of dimer fluctuations in homogeneous Aztec diamonds via the intrinsic conformal structure of a Lorentz-minimal surface in R^{2+1}. This surface naturally appears as the limit of the graphs of origami maps associated to symmetric t-embeddings (Coulomb gauges) of Aztec diamonds, fitting the framework of [6, 7].


Sixty point-of-lay chickens were randomly allotted to six groups of 10 birds and fed on six test diets containing 0, 11.5, 17.3, 23.1, 46.2, and 48.0% sweet potato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.] peel corresponding to 0, 20, 30, 40, 80, and 100% maize replacement, respectively. Feed intake was not significantly affected by the treatment. Egg production, egg weight, and feed efficiency were significantly (P 0.05) up to the 40% substitution level. The result indicates that sweet potato peel can replace maize at the 40% level or constitute 23% of the layer's diet without adverse effect on egg production, egg weight, and feed efficiency.


Efforts have been made in recent years to ensure there is sufficient capacity within nation states to respond to, and combat, Online Child Sexual Exploitation (OCSE). The UK-led WeProtect Global Al...


Attenuated virus vaccines are currently used in most of the countries to control Aujeszkys disease (AD). There has not been true experience with these vaccines in Mexico, therefore, the objective of this work was to evaluate the immunogenicity and infectivity of the attenuated virus gE-/TK- Begonia strain against AD. The experiment was carried out in a farrow- to finish farm free of AD where all sows (90), and 10% of 4 to 6 month old pigs were bled at the beginning and at the end of this experiment. Three groups of 14 animals each were formed. From each group, seven pigs were vaccinated with two doses of the vaccine; one at 10 and another at 14 weeks of age, and the remaining seven were left as controls to detect viral shedding. Blood samples were taken from all the animals at 10, 14, 18 and 22 weeks of age. Antibody concentration was determined against the whole virus by the ELISA test. Results were that none of the sows or fatteners at the beginning or end of the trial presented antibodies against AD. Mean- and standard deviation of the optical density of the vaccinated animals were: 0.083 ± 0.002 at 10 weeks of age, 0.513 ± 0.025 (P < 0.05) at 14, 0.918 ± 0.068 (P < 0.05) at 18 and 0.907 ± 0.093 (P < 0.05) at 22 weeks of age. None of the sera taken from control animals had optical densities above 0.082 ± 0.02. It was concluded that this attenuated virus vaccine was immunogenic for all the animals, and was not infective for control pigs or other animals in the farm.


The effect of fatliquor was not included in our previous vacuum drying studies for chrome-tanned leather. Therefore, a follow-up vacuum drying study was performed to evaluate the effect of fatliquor. By using the SAS statistical program, we have formulated the relationship between fatliquor concentration and drying rate. This study also focused on how fatliquor affects the strength, elongation, stiffness and toughness of the vacuum dried leather. A second order polynomial regression equation was derived to plot 3-D response surfaces that clearly illustrate the relationship between the fatliquor concentration and drying rate, as well as the resultant physical properties. Measurements showed the drying rate decreases as the fatliquor concentration increases by a factor of (1-f) 1 / 2 , where f is the fatliquor concentration fraction. Observation showed that the tensile strength, elongation, and toughness all increase steadily with an increased fatliquor concentration, whereas the Young's modulus decreased. A correlation was observed between elongation and Young's modulus.


Nowadays there are several tools aimed to help biologists study undiscovered phenomenons by exploiting the wide set of available data shared in the research community. One of these phenomenons requires the creation of a list of genes ranked by their likeliness to be involved in the emergence of a certain genetic disorder: in bioinformatics this problem is called "Disease Gene Prediction". We propose a semi supervised learning method to the DGP formulated in terms of Evolutionary Game Theory. In order to explore different approaches, we've built an evolutionary model based of a two players game and a multiplayer (polymatrix) game. The first one exploits a very recent variation of a well known graph-based clustering technique (Dominant Sets[25]), introducing the possibility to set some constraints (Constrained Dominant Sets[41]). This graph-based technique extracts the best cluster which contains at least a non-empty subset of the constraints nodes. In our application those are the already known genes of a particular disease and the extracted cluster contains the best unknown candidates. In the multipopulation scenario this is formalized as a polymatrix non-cooperative game using the connection between the so called Relaxation Labeling Processes[11] and game theory (Miller and Zucker[21]). In a relaxation labeling process we have a distribution of the objects among all the possible labels, so in the end each object is assigned to the best label according to the concept of global consistency. For our purposes there are only two possible labels: "good candidate" or "bad candidate" and obviously by objects we mean genes. For both approaches we define a score in order to rank all the possible candidates for a given disease as expected by the purpose of the problem. We applied those methods on a gene network, a weighted graph based on HIPPIE[30] dataset, starting from some seeds genes present in the 2012 version of OMIM Morbid Map[20]. In order to evaluate the performance of our results we verified the position of recently discovered genes present in the current version of OMIM Morbid Map. Experimental results show that, in case of diseases with high modularity, we have a good precision in predicting unknown genes. Unfortunately some diseases seem to affect different areas of the network, therefore it's difficult to handle with our approach that can only exploit local informations. We propose a possible future development to solve these cases.


In this paper, the problem of MIMO signal detection based on the belief propagation (BP) algorithm has been addressed in the presence of channel and noise uncertainties at the receiver. We propose a robust detection approach that works on the basis of message passing algorithm on the best tree approximation of the posterior distribution of the received signal. Our approach to make the detector robust is to formulate a worst-case detector design as a min-max optimization problem with imperfect channel and noise knowledge at the receiver.


The purpose of this paper is to review Marxian ground rent theory for urban context especially for urban residential sector. This could provide a wider arena for futher debate over mechanism of capital accumulation in bulit environment. Firstly, it is argued that product of land is not building itself but labour reproduction in urban residential context based on the investigation on production phase in land. Secondly, controversial condition on Absolute rent is reviewed. The condition of low organic composition of captial is critically reviewed and other economic condition which enables the appropriation of Absolute rent is suggested. Thirdly, in the relationship between Absolute rent and Monopoly rent, it is found that differentiation and emulation process between capitalist lessees seeking the two rents have been an impetus of urban development. Fourthly, it is found that combination of Absolute rent and Differential rent is the basic form of ground-rent in urban context as Differential rent type 2 and Monopoly rent are not permanent types of rent. Fifthly, existence of different potential combinations of rents in a site is suggested as an impetus of redevelopment of the site. Spatial fixity and durability of properties have created multiple types of housing submarkets in a city varing with Absolute rent by difference of preferences to housing type and Differential rent by spatial difference in labour reproduction. Capital investment for appropriating higher level of rents in upper housing group leads to shift of housing group resulting physical changes in a city.


Latgale has always been the weakest region in regard to the development of Latvia. Even though in the National development plans the progress in the balanced course of the development process all over the territory of Latvia is envisaged, the lagging of Latgale will grow. The given situation is not acceptable not only from the perspective of Latvia but also from the viewpoint of the whole European Union. Latgale would be able to make a more rapid progress in its development if we took into consideration the significance of investing large amounts of capital therein and raising the capital return. The article is dedicated to the analysis of capital dynamics, structure, and economic efficiency in order to clarify the causes of slow capital "inflow" in Latgale.


Objective : Ssangwha-tang is a traditional medicine formula widely prescribed for a decrease of fatigue after an illness in Korea. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of Ssangwha-tang fermented by Lactobacillus fermentum (SF) on osteoclast differentiation in vitro and on bone metabolism of an ovariectomized rat in vivo. Methods : Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase activity and staining were applied to evaluate the formation of osteoclasts. Ovariectomized rats were orally administrated with SF (30 ㎖/㎏/day) for 12 weeks. Serum aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, triglyceride, phosphate, calcium levels were determined. Effect of SF on bone loss were studied by histological analysis and the measurement of bone mineral density. Results : SF significantly inhibited tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase activity and formation of osteoclasts in RAW264.7 cells stimulated by receptor activator for nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) ligand (RANKL). In addition, SF significantly decreased the level of triglyceride and increased the level of low-density lipoprotein. Moreover, the decrease of trabeculae of the femur was partially prevented in ovariectomized rats administrated with SF. Conclusions : SF treatment could prevent ovariectomy induced bone loss and its effects could be medicated by the inhibition of osteoclastogenesis.


Standing height is an essential anthropometric measurement in pediatrics. In children unable to stand upright, measurement of ulna to predict standing height is recommended, but height prediction equations based on the ulna have not been established in children of African ancestry. We hypothesized that such equations would result in lower predicted height compared to using equations derived from non‐African children. We measured prospectively standing height and both ulna in 358 African‐Caribbean children without bone deformity or muscle disease, referred to two pulmonary function test laboratories. Interobserver variability was low for standing height (n = 54) and ulna measurement (n = 51) (mean biases [95%CI]: −0.02 [−0.99; 0.95] and 0.05 [−0.91; 1.01] cm, respectively), as well as inter‐ulna variability (n = 352; mean bias 0.03 95%CI [−0.66; 0.73] cm). We used the mean value of 247 bilateral ulna measurements to calculate prediction equations using a generalized linear model including age, sex, ulna length, and geographic origin group, the latter showing no influence on the model. In the validation population of 107 children, the median difference [inter‐quartile range] between standing height and ulna‐predicted height was −0.4 [−2.7; 1.0] cm. Of 260 reliable baseline spirometry, there was a strong concordance between bronchial obstruction diagnosis established using standing height or ulna‐predicted height (kappa coefficient: 0.85 [0.77; 0.94]) with only 11 (4.3%) children misclassified. The ulna predicted height calculated from African‐Caribbean prediction equations resulted in a smaller height than the height calculated using equations derived from non‐African children.


When working with teenagers that present depressive and/or suicidal ideation symptoms, the evaluation and detection of thoughts oriented to suicide is very important for the mental health professional. Having an instrument that measures youth's cognition towards suicide is a useful tool for research, prevention and treatment of adolescents with this problematic.However, there is no a psychological test available in our midst that can fulfil this purpose. Considering that psychological assessments verbal tests, are sensitive to cultural changes, should be avoided its use outside of context to which they have been designed and validated without a previous study of their operation. The aim of this work was to study the psychometric properties of CCCS-18 (Ruiz Hernandez, Navarro-Ruiz, Torrente Hernandez, & Rodriguez Gonzalez, 2006) in argentine population. The Spanish version of this instrument was administered in a sample of 122 individuals from three secondary educational institutions. The average age was 16, 06 years. To evaluate the reliability of the test regarding its internal consistency, Cronbach's alpha showed a satisfactory value (0.86) for the overall scale. Regarding validity, the Varimax rotation method was used as a factorial analysis, showing a slight difference of factors compared to the original scale. In conclusion, the results indicate that this test has adequate psychometric properties for its administration in argentine population.


Starting from the early 2000s, the Italian exhibition chain is involved in the adaptation of its structures to digital projection. It is a costly process, comparable only to the dramatic conversion of the movie theaters to sound and widescreen technologies. The successful introduction of three-dimensional digital technology in 2009 has resulted in a sharp acceleration in the rate of conversion, but the interest of the general public for the stereoscopic films is apparently already running low. Still a flop of 3D? Early to say. Certainly the three-dimensional digital technology is not without its weaknesses. If, on the one hand, the three-dimensional technology has provided the digital cinema with an important attractional value, on the other hand, it has charged the viewer with the symbolic cost of the dematerialization of the film. The materiality of the 3D special glasses that the viewer must necessarily be worn – they are defective, expensive, inconvenient, vehicle of diseases, etc. – is the heavy price to pay to enjoy those materiality-effects produced by the three-dimensional technology. This intervention aims to study the 3D special glasses as a technical object, in the context of the conversion of the Italian movie theaters to digital technology, through an approach at the turn of Film Studies, Media Studies and industry Science and technology studies.


To our knowledge, only two reports concerning association between GSTO1 polymorphism and breast cancer risk have been revealed, but no association between GSTO1 polymorphism and clinicopathological features of patients with breast cancer have previously been reported. Therefore, in this study, the association of GSTO1 genotypes with a number of clinical parameter was investigated in 101 patients with breast cancer diagnosed and treated at the National Cancer Institute. DNA extracted from buffy coats of the cases was used to determine the genotypes by polymerase chain reaction-restriction-fragment length polymorphism. Our findings revealed that wild-type GSTO1 gene (A140/A140) significantly correlated with advanced-stage breast cancer (P=0.008). Form the literature, GSTO1 appears to be involved in drug and xenobiotic metabolism, it would be of great interest to investigate further whether resistance to radiation or chemotherapy occurs in carriers of wild-type GSTO1 gene, particularly those with advanced-stage breast cancer. Elucidating this relationship should lead to the improved clinical management of these patients.


The stability limit factor is an important index to evaluate the safety of key transmission lines in East China Electricity Market.By using the optimal power flow(OPF),the relation between the electricity purchasing cost change and the line stability limit which is the product of the stability limit factor and the basic stability limit of the line,is described by the derivative of the augmented lagrangian function with respect to the line stability limit factor.It is pointed out that the value reveals the economic worthy of the stability limit factor,and various stability limit factors display the safety level of the system.Based on that,the implement suggestions on stability limit factor calculation in East China Electricity Market are proposed,and the IEEE-9-bus system was used to prove the methodology correct and practical.


This paper examines how developing countries can embark on a sustained path of strong investment, capital accumulation and economic growth without capital imports. It is argued that the key lies in the Keynesian-Schumpeterian credit-investment nexus: Given certain preconditions, the central bank can allow a credit expansion which finances new investment and creates the savings necessary to balance the national accounts. It is further argued and confirmed in empirical data that one of the biggest impediments to such a process is formal or informal dollarization which limits the policy scope of the central bank. Moreover, a stable banking system with a broad outreach as well as a low degree of pass-through between the exchange rate and domestic prices seem to be a necessary condition for this process to work


This article examines a heuristic paradigm of a yoga-spirit-travel nexus and its agency on the identification-of-self. In the ancient Sanskrit yoga means union or yoke. Yoga practice may act as a yoking or linking element between self-identity and spiritual development such that yoga travel may lead to the enhancement of self-identity for the yogi traveler. Conceptually, the practice of yoga acts as a catalyst for travel to partake in foreign yoga experiences. Both during travel and in the travel destination, the engaged spiritual capital via yoga may act as an uplifiting transformative agent for identity formation. We conclude that by linking self-identification to a yogatravel-spirit nexus a foundation of self-enlightenment may emerge. Spiritual motivation has been noted as a reason for adopting a yoga practice and for yoga travel (Lehto et al. 2006). There seems to be a therapeutic ability of a yoga-place connection (as through a travel destination) to foster spiritual purity (Hoyez, 2007), disrupt the mundane and allow in the 'new' (Lea, 2008). Yoga, and its intimate partner meditation, may allow individuals to achieve self-realization, purification and intrinsic feelings of love (Aggarwal et al. 2008). Yoga landscapes such as Rishikesh, India, Yogaville, USA (the creation of yoga guru Swami Satchidananda), and La Mercy, krter a ademisk academic quarter Volume Identification-of-self through a yoga-travel-spirit nexus Patrick J. Holladay and Lauren M. Ponder 04 309 South Africa are recognized by some as spiritual places (Hoyez, 2007). Engagement in meaningful travel leading to experiential intrinsic transformative processes could have positive implications for the development-of-self through a tourism product (Gelter, 2010), which in this example is yoga. A yoga journey may possibly integrate the mind, the body and the spirit (Kelly & Smith, 2009; Smith, 2003) leading to a causatum of values-laden transformation in self (Pritchard et al., 2011). This article examines the archetype of a yoga-spirit-travel nexus and its agency on the identification-of-self. Consideration is given to whether melding identification-of-self to the evolvement of spirituality through yoga tourism might influence personal dynamics through positively reinforcing reciprocal feedbacks of spirit. This heuristic focuses on the multi-faceted nature of this phenomenon as yogi travelers are transformed by overcoming boundaries of self versus non-self by linking self-identification to spiritual capital through yoga practice and travel. The descriptions laid out in this article should not be confused with totality or a notion of an 'Absolute' such as outllined in some forms of religion like Buddhism or Hinduism (e.g. Brodd, 2003). Rather, the thoughts here are based on a philosophy of principles expounded upon in Patanjali's Yoga Sutras, an ancient treatise on Raja Yoga (e.g. Satchidnanada, 1990). We suggest that by marrying self-identification to a yoga-travel-spirit nexus a foundation of selfenlightenment may emerge. Yoga Yoga, from the Sanskrit, means union or yoke (Joshi, 1965). Yoga is an ancient form of spiritual self-discipline that promotes enlightenment and ultimately samhadi, the end-point of the yoga journey where the consciousness is stilled and energies are fully directed towards an object of attention (Lee, 2004). This induced stillness and direction of energy is about achieving higher awareness, a new state of mind or "mindfulness" (Freidberg, 2009; Langer 1989). This mindfulness may facilitate stronger connections between individuals and place (Langer & Moldoveanu, 2000). Yoga is guided by eight principles. In Patanjali's Yoga Sutras, the eightfold path is described as ashtanga (Chatterjee & Datta, 1939) or "eight limbs" (ashta = eight, anga = limb). This path was developed krter a ademisk academic quarter Volume Identification-of-self through a yoga-travel-spirit nexus Patrick J. Holladay and Lauren M. Ponder 04 310 to infuse balance between the polarities of strength and compassion within an individual (Chopra & Simon, 2004). In support of the eight limbs are the six branches of yoga (Raja, Karma, Bhakti, Jnana, Tantra, and Hatha). While the yogin is encouraged to explore all six branches of yoga, Raja Yoga and its goal of samadhi is connected most closely to spirituality (Mehta & Mehta, 1990). The development of samadhi is supported by meditative practices within yoga that may help to build the understanding of self (KabatZinn, 2006). Meditation opens clearer understanding of individuals and the world allowing action to be more effective (Combs, 2002). Virtually all forms of meditation lead to a more calm and objective mental, emotional and spiritual poise (e.g. Arambula et al., 2001; Butler et al., 2008; Ditto et al., 2006; Kanojia, 2010; Waelde et al. 2008). Thus, it would seem that the practice of yoga, including meditation, leads in the direction of integral consciousness of identification-ofself (Bose, 2011). Spirituality and travel Modern life generates uncertainty such that people seek authentic experiences as a means of revitalizing fragmented personal identity or existential authenticity (Steiner & Reisinger, 2006). It has been suggested that contemporary Western society has come to be defined by a 'spiritual revolution' (Heelas & Woodhead, 2005). There has been a shift in the sacred landscape and a search for spiritual nourishment through the pursuit of a variety of beliefs and practices, such as holism, fen shui, yoga, or New Age (Drury, 2004). Spirituality often describes what individuals feel to be missing in their lives rather than explicitily defining what is hoped for (Brown 1998). Sharpley & Jepsen (2010, p. 55) stated, "spirituality may be thought of simply as a connection between the self and the 'this world', implying that a spiritual or emotional relationship exists or is sought between people, 'this world' and specific places, such as the countryside, within it." Spiritual travel experiences may promote a healthy state of wellness, oneness and humility (Aggarwal et al. 2008; Smith & Kelly, 2006a; Wilson, 2010). In a case study of Machu Picchu, Peru pilgrims were able to consociate with their creative energies, reconnect with nature and with the sustaining power of the ancient Inca civilization (Raj & Morpeth, 2007). More than simply seeking to gaze at an authentic culture, people or landscape, the krter a ademisk academic quarter Volume Identification-of-self through a yoga-travel-spirit nexus Patrick J. Holladay and Lauren M. Ponder 04 311 'post-tourist' wants to live an experience (Urry, 1990). These newly developing tourist quests are centered towards self transformation and constitute new ground for spiritual travel experiences. Since the late 1700s, the Lake District in the United Kingdom has been an area steeped in fascination and seemingly able to deliver physical, mental and spiritual benefits to visitors. A case study of the area found that those who visited were motivated by or achieved spiritual meaning or fulfillment through their visits (Sharpley & Jepsen, 2010). The landscape offered travelers an emotional connection to a greater power amd held a sacred meaning that compensated for the increasing spiritual void in urban society. Prominent in the discussion of the Lake District was the idea of examining one's life in relation to the world around and how spirituality was related directly to nature and the earth (Sharpley & Jepsen, 2010). Either during or as a result of their visit, spirituality was reflected in the interpretation of the feelings they experienced: a sense of oneness and connection to the world, feelings of being part of something bigger and infinite, a sense of a greater power and the appreciation of creation, a sense of timelessness and of scale, euphoria, a feeling of being blessed and a sense of renewal. The Lake District led to a temporary fellowship with other tourists, a sense of 'communitas' bound by common interests and shared experiences, where social status and normal boundaries were disregarded (Digance, 2006). The idea of tourism as a spiritual journey has been excogitated by a number of authors (e.g. Olsen, 2006; Sharpley & Jepsen, 2009) sometimes with the spiritual concept under the guise of holistic or wellness tourism (Smith & Kelly, 2006b). Various studies reveal a correlation between the natural environment and a deep sense of belonging, a sense of place, a profound connection with the world and harmonious feelings (e.g. Pritchard, et al., 2011; Ratz et al., 2008; Voigt, et al., 2011). Solitude, silence, time and space are all important factors in spiritual well-being and have been described as life-giving and rejuvenating leading to an increase in human development and spirituality (Heintzman, 2002; 2009). Self-yoga-spirit-travel The dualism and wholeness of physical and spiritual space, united in a holistic manner of being in and understanding the world, krter a ademisk academic quarter Volume Identification-of-self through a yoga-travel-spirit nexus Patrick J. Holladay and Lauren M. Ponder 04 312 seems to have been lost (Lightman, 2005). As Pritchard et al. (2011, p. 18) posited, "Our age is one which denounces love, hope and the transcendental. It is governed by the mundane; it is a time of lovelessness, of 'us' and 'them', of profit and loss, when we cut ourselves off from what makes us human, from our essence. It is a world which nullifies mutually sustaining, nurturing relationships and shuns beauty. Yet, our world does not merely ignore such relationships, it rails against them and so to even talk about them makes us vulnerable." The practice of yoga is an awakening of the self, to include weaknesses, fears, and limitations as well as strength, courage and beauty (Cope, 1999). Yoga is about experiencing life, while working towards something greater than one's self (Chopra & Simon, 2004; Easwaran, 1985). The journey for the identification-of-self i


today , more than ever , health C are systems need to do more with less. Clinicians, decision-makers, and other stakeholders are seeking evidence-based healthcare practices that control expenditures while improving patient care. Of particular concern is the paucity of supportive clinical data related to alternative therapeutic options for the treatment of acute and chronic conditions. The demand for high-quality pharmacoepidemiologic and pharmacoeconomic research is at unprecedented levels, with government agencies, foundations, and private industry collectively committing billions of dollars in funding for studies examining the beneficial and unintended effects of medications. 1,2 Pharmacoepidemiology provides vital insights into effectiveness and safety, while pharmacoeconomics addresses value and costs given limited healthcare resources.


We have measured field-dependent resonant magnetic scattering of soft x rays from a Co/Cu multilayer exhibiting giant magnetoresistance. We show that, choosing the appropriate experimental geometries, one can draw hysteresis loops of antiferromagnetic as well as ferromagnetic order.


As a central mediator of TH1 immune responses, interleukin 12 (IL-12) in the tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a key role in driving anti-tumor immunity. Recombinant IL-12 has been reported to promote CD8+ cytotoxic T cell (CTL) dependent anti-tumor immunity in a wide variety of preclinical models. However, systemic recombinant IL-12 was poorly tolerated in early clinical trials. We are therefore investigating whether intra-tumoral (IT) delivery of a messenger RNA encoding IL-12 formulated in lipid nanoparticles can drive local IL-12 expression in solid tumors to induce TME transformation and anti-tumor immunity. Here we report that IT IL-12 mRNA induces dose-dependent local IL-12 protein expression in mice bearing both subcutaneous syngeneic and patient-derived xenograft tumors. In multiple syngeneic tumor models (e.g. MC38, A20), mouse IL-12 mRNA (mIL-12 mRNA) treatment promoted dose-dependent tumor regression and significantly improved overall survival. Flow cytometry and luminex analysis revealed that anti-tumor activity of mIL-12 mRNA was accompanied by transformation of the TME characteristic of a TH1 immune response. IFNγ induction and natural killer cell activation was accompanied by antigen presenting cell maturation, increased CTL numbers and activation, and increased PD-L1 expression. Furthermore, rejection of established MC38 tumors in response to mIL-12 mRNA was CTL-dependent, and animals demonstrated immunity to subsequent re-challenge with MC38 tumor cells. Since mIL-12 mRNA enhanced PD-L1 expression in the TME, we next investigated whether PD-L1 blockade would enhance responses to mIL-12 mRNA. We found that the combination of a single dose of mIL-12 mRNA and PD-L1 blockade led to significantly more complete responses compared to mIL-12 mRNA monotherapy in the PD-L1 resistant MC38 model. Furthermore, A single dose of mIL-12 mRNA induced rejection of un-injected MC38 tumors in a dual flank model, and this was further enhanced by combination with PD-L1 blockade. These preclinical data demonstrate the potential for IT IL-12 mRNA to drive TME transformation into a proinflammatory state consistent with a TH1 immune response and to ignite CTL-dependent anti-tumor immunity, even in a PD-L1 resistant setting. Citation Format: Susannah L. Hewitt, Nadia Luheshi, Dyane Bailey, John Zielinski, Ameya Apte, Faith Musenge, Russell Karp, Grace Adjei, Andrew Leinster, Sushma Gurumurthy, Ankita Mishra, Kristen Arnold, Darren Potz, Robert W. Wilkinson, Ronald Herbst, Joshua P. Frederick. Intratumoral IL-12 mRNA promotes cytotoxic T cell-dependent anti-tumor immunity and enhances responses to PD-L1 blockade in pre-clinical models [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 1758.


De-noising of electrocardiogram signal is studied by the application of wavelet-based approaches. A new thresholding method for linear and non-linear denosing procedure is offered. The threshold value newly defined is assigned by considering the maximum transform coefficient and decomposition level dependably. The new thresholding method is applied to a set of biorthogonal, orthogonal wavelets and an optimized wavelet-packet decomposition. The quantitative comparison of the method with the existing nonlinear denoising method is done in terms of the peak-signal to noise ratio and visual inspection of electrocardiogram signal. The error is measured in the high frequency region QRS complex of the electrocardiogram signal. It is observed that the soft thresholding approach is effective then hard one with the defined threshold.


This paper mainly introduces the use of the ultra-rapid observed file and predicted file provided by IGS satellite ephemeris on the interval of 15 min and 30 s,and compares the satellite clock offset getting by this two methods with the satellite clock offset provided by the IGS final ephemeris file.Finally we can concludes that the accuracy of using linear model based on the observation file higher than the accuracy of using the Cubic-spline interpolation based on the predicted file,which can reach to 3 ns,and can satisfy the accuracy of the general real-time single point positioning.


In audio-visual automatic speech recognition (AVASR) both acoustic and visual modalities of speech are used to determine what a speaker is saying. In this paper we propose a basic AVASR system that uses melfrequency cepstrum coefficients (MFCCs) as acoustic features, active appearance model (AAM) parameters as visual features, and dynamic Bayesian Networks (DBNs) as probabilistic models of audio-visual speech. The performance of the AVASR system is tested using the Clemson University audio-visual experiments (CUAVE) database. We find that, as expected, visual-only speech recognition (automatic lip-reading) performs worse than audio-only speech recognition. However, by integrating visual and acoustic speech information we are able to significantly increase performance, in particular in noisy acoustic environments.


We report supercontinuum generation in a Te crystal pumped by picosecond CO2 laser pulses at intensities up to 20 GW/cm2. The effective nonlinear refractive index of Te is estimated to be 30x that of GaAs.


Numerous claims are made for cannabis' therapeutic utility upon human seizures, but concerns persist about risks. A potential confounder is the presence of both Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), variously reported to be pro‐ and anticonvulsant, and cannabidiol (CBD), widely confirmed as anticonvulsant. Therefore, we investigated effects of prolonged exposure to different THC/CBD cannabis extracts on seizure activity and associated measures of endocannabinoid (eCB) system signalling.


A novel method for re-identification based on optimal features extraction in VideoSurveillance environments is presented in this paper. A high number of features are extracted for each detected person in a dataset obtained from a camera in a scenario. An evaluation of the relative discriminate power of each bag of features for each person is performed. We propose a forward method in a Support Vector framework to obtained the optimal individual bags of features. These bags of features are used in a new scenario in order to detect suspicious persons using the images from a non-overlapping camera. The results obtained demonstrate the promising potential of the presented approach. The proposed method can be enriched with future enhancements that can further improve its effectiveness and complexity in more complex VideoSurveillance situations.


Organic semiconductors occurring in polymorphic structures represent excellent model systems for fundamental studies of optoelectronic excitations in different crystalline configurations. Perylene is an archetypal polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon appearing in two polymorphs known as α- and β-phases which adopt different molecular packing motifs. However, the growth of high quality single crystals with appropriate sizes and polymorph selectivity remains challenging. In this study, we compare various approaches toward polymorph-selective perylene single-crystal growth. Though crystals of both polymorphs are obtained from toluene solution (either by cooling of a saturated solution or by evaporation of the solvents), they exhibit numerous defects and their size cannot be precisely controlled. Vapor deposition and resublimation favor the formation of α-crystals which can be rationalized by a newly identified thin-film phase that forms initially. Further, we demonstrate that organic molecular beam deposition ont...


The paper analyses the parametric influence of some geometric elements of the 110 and 400 IcV simple and double circuit lines on the efficiency of the carried powers transfer, and it advances suggestions on the conductors bunch composition and on the compact line phases suspension. Based on this analysis, suggestions are made in order to ensure compacting of maximum transmission efficiency.


Some inequalities of the determinant of the positive definite symmetric matrices are studied by means of the integral method and matrix theory,and an inequality of the determinant of the invertible matrix is considered such that some extensions of Fan Ky's inequality are obtained.An improvement of Fan Ky's inequality is given by using the positive definiteness of Gram matrix.


This paper describes an analytical investigation of radio engineering characteristics of the silicon nitride ceramics. The temperature dependences of the dielectric permittivity and the dielectric loss tangent are determined in an explicit analytical form. It is shown that the obtained dependences adequately describe the experimental data. High-temperature dependences of the thermal conductivity and diffusion conductivity of the investigated material were also studied in the present work. In both cases, linear growth was observed with an increase in temperature.


The standard normalized amplitude ratio commonly used for marine CSEM data does not give a reliable and consistent diagnostic reservoir signature since it may give inconsistent readings in different water depths. This ratio only uses electromagnetic field amplitudes. Here a modification of the normalized amplitude ratio is proposed that includes both the amplitude and the absolute phase of the electromagnetic fields. This ratio behaves consistently at all water depths. In particular, it can be used in very shallow water. Frequency-domain CSEM in water depths of 40 m or less can give anomalous responses that can be detected and interpreted reliably by this simple method. The presence of a reservoir may modify the phase more than the amplitude in such shallow water depths. With the modified normalized amplitude ratio this phase change is transformed to an anomalous amplitude. By combining the up/down decomposition process with the modified normalized amplitude ratio, the sensitivity to subsurface resistors in very shallow water is enhanced.


We have developed a spinning wheel analyzer of millisecond isotopes (SWAMI), an instrument to measure the kinetic energy of fission- fragment pairs from the spontaneous fission (SF) of millisecond isotopes. This instrument employs a continuous band of thin, aluminum foils mounted at the perimeter of a spinning wheel to stop and retain recoil products produced during continuous, heavy-ion bombardment of heavy, actinide targets. The rotation of the wheel moves the implanted reaction products past four pairs of surface-barrier detectors, where the energies of correlated fission fragments are measured. With this instrument, we can determine the mass and total kinetic energy (TKE) distributions for isotopes with half-lives between 0.5 and 300 ms. To date, we have used SWAMI to measure the mass and TKE distributions for two nuclides, 20-ms /sup 260/(104) and 1.2-ms /sup 258/No. 4 refs., 1 fig.


This research aims to analyze the relationship between well-being and the presence of indicators of eating disorders in professional ballet dancers in Peru. Likewise it also investigates the relationship between the variables mentioned above with the variables of the dance. For this purpose, we evaluated 44 dancers between 15 and 44 years (M = 26.3, SD = 8.01) using Scales of Well-Being, Flourishing Scale and Scale of Positive and Negative Experience (FS and Spane; Diener et al., 2010); and The Inventory and Eating Disorder, EDI- 2, developed by Garner (1998). It was found that seven of the eleven scales of EDI-2 correlated, both inverse and direct, with all aspects of well-being. In addition it was found that two scales of the EDI-2 correlated inversely with ballet´s own characteristics.
Sociocultural environment pressures in ballet companies could be the ideal climate for the emergence of certain indicators of eating disorders; however the dancers of this research report cognitive and emotional wellbeing. Raising the profile of eating disorders for the evaluated group is not associated with the development of diseases, but rather the tendency to be constantly concerned about their physical appearance.


In order to determine the mechanism of 2,2′-diaminobiphenyl formation from benzo[c]cinnoline, effect of aldehyde on the reaction was examined. It is proposed that ethanal, which was generated from ethanol in the initial photoreduction, formed an adduct with 5,6-dihydrobenzo[c]cinnoline, and that the resulting adduct participated in the subsequent photo-induced 2,2′-diaminobiphenyl formation.


Polyamides are thermoplastic polymers consisting of monomers joined by an amide bond. The polyamide group includes many different polymers with different chemical and physical properties. One differentiates for example between aliphatic, semi-aromatic and aromatic polyamides depending on the chemical nature of the monomers. Further classification can be done via the number of repeating units (homopolyamides, copolyamides) and the melting behaviour depending on the crystallinity. Some nomenclature basics will be discussed after the next paragraph.


Background: α-1,4-Glucan lyase (GLase) is a glycoside hydrolase family member that degrades starch via an elimination reaction. Results: Crystal structures of GLase with covalently bound inhibitors show that the catalytic nucleophile can abstract the proton. Conclusion: The nucleophile has a dual function, acting successively as nucleophile and base. Significance: A single substitution converts a glycoside hydrolase into a lyase. α-1,4-Glucan lyase (EC 220.127.116.11) from the red seaweed Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis cleaves α-1,4-glucosidic linkages in glycogen, starch, and malto-oligosaccharides, yielding the keto-monosaccharide 1,5-anhydro-d-fructose. The enzyme belongs to glycoside hydrolase family 31 (GH31) but degrades starch via an elimination reaction instead of hydrolysis. The crystal structure shows that the enzyme, like GH31 hydrolases, contains a (β/α)8-barrel catalytic domain with B and B′ subdomains, an N-terminal domain N, and the C-terminal domains C and D. The N-terminal domain N of the lyase was found to bind a trisaccharide. Complexes of the enzyme with acarbose and 1-dexoynojirimycin and two different covalent glycosyl-enzyme intermediates obtained with fluorinated sugar analogues show that, like GH31 hydrolases, the aspartic acid residues Asp553 and Asp665 are the catalytic nucleophile and acid, respectively. However, as a unique feature, the catalytic nucleophile is in a position to act also as a base that abstracts a proton from the C2 carbon atom of the covalently bound subsite −1 glucosyl residue, thus explaining the unique lyase activity of the enzyme. One Glu to Val mutation in the active site of the homologous α-glucosidase from Sulfolobus solfataricus resulted in a shift from hydrolytic to lyase activity, demonstrating that a subtle amino acid difference can promote lyase activity in a GH31 hydrolase.


A new gold catalyst, [Au(CO)n]+ (n = 1, 2), was synthesized by using a facile method from commercial gold(III) oxide, Au2O3, in concentrated H2SO4, which exhibits high catalytic activity for carbonylation of olefins. The gold monocarbonyl [Au(CO)]+ (1) and dicarbonyl [Au(CO)2]+ (2) cations coexist in H2SO4 solution, the former of which is much more stable than the latter. Both of the carbonyls show IR spectra of νCO (2194, 2208 cm-1) higher than that of free CO (2143 cm-1), indicating nonclassical (σ-only) gold−CO bonding. The gold carbonyl complexes coexisting in the concd H2SO4 solution exhibit a single resonance in the 13C NMR spectrum at 171 ppm at ambient temperature and pressure, reflecting rapid CO exchange between 1 (164 ppm) and 2 (175 ppm). The nonclassical gold(I) carbonyl solution worked as an excellent catalyst, with which olefins reacted with CO to give tert-carboxylic acids in good yields at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. The gold(I) dicarbonyl cation 2 was found to function as ...


The formal application of the Fourier integral transform is shown to give rise to divergent integrals in the solution of Flamant's problem of the classical theory of elasticity. To avoid the occurrence of such divergent integrals, a second generalized Fourier transform is proposed and made use of (the first one in this area is due to Golecki [1]). This second generalization to the Fourier transform is the appropriate one for attacking elastostatic boundary value problems through the representation, due to Sneddon [2], of the displacement vector in terms of harmonic functions instead of through Airy's stress function.


An attempt was made to determine the effects of drying methods including shady air drying, presteamed and shady air drying, microwave drying, and freeze drying on the volatile flavor components with Commelina communis L.. Essential oils from the samples were isolated by simultaneous steam distillation-extraction(SDE) method using diethyl ether as solvent. Concentrated samples were analyzed by gas chromatography(GC) and combined gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS). Respective 29, 47, 36, and 24 volatile flavor components were identified in shady air dried samples, presteamed and shady air dried samples, microwave dried samples, and freeze dried samples. The kinds and amounts of volatile flavor components were evidently depended upon the drying methods. 6,10,14-trimethylpentadecanone was regarded as the most abundant component in shady air dried samples, 6,10,14-trimethyl-2-pentadecanone in presteamed and shady air dried samples, neophytadiene in microwave dried samples, and ethyl acetate in freeze dried samples.