A third generation, synthetic, water-soluble, pentapeptide analog of the marine depsipeptide dolastatin 15, with potential antimitotic and antineoplastic activities. Tasidotin and its metabolite, tasidotin C-carboxylate, suppress the dynamic instability behavior of the microtubules through a reduction of the shortening rate (disassembly); reduction of the switching frequency from growth to shortening; and by reducing microtubules growth time. This may eventually result in a reduction of cell growth.


Ruth Lapidoth is the Bessie and Michael Greenblatt professor emerita in international law at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem and is a senior researcher at the Jerusalem Institute for Israel Studies. She is the author of, among other books, The Basic Law: Jerusalem Capital of Israel, which was published in Hebrew. Prof. Lapidoth was awarded the Israel Prize in 2006 for excellence in legal research. Tomer Treger is a graduate of law and English literature at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem and currently works at the Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs.


A solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) is a benign neoplasm, firstly described as a mesenchymal tumor of the pleura. Its incidence range in the head and neck region is about 5–27%, but only rarely does it affect paranasal sinuses. The differential diagnosis is challenging, owing to its erosive growth pattern and immuno-histochemical features. SFTs have an aggressive behavior and an important recurrence potential. Therefore, a radical surgical excision is the gold standard therapeutic procedure. A rare SFT originating from the right maxillary sinus is reported here. The 37-year-old patient presented to the outpatient clinic with a painful expansive lesion in the whole right maxillary region. The overlying skin was inflamed and the patient had no epistaxis episodes. The 1.5 dentary element tested negative for vitality; however, a puncture of the lesion led to a hematic spill and no purulent discharge. An endoscopic-guided biopsy was suggestive either of SFT or hemangioperictoma, excluding a malignant neoplasm. A multi-equipe surgical team was activated. The lesion was embolized in order to achieve a good hemostatic control and, after 48 h, the neoplasm was radically excised with a combined open and endoscopic approach. The patient was disease-free at 12-month radiological and clinical follow-up. Given the rarity of this lesion and the delicacy required in addressing head and neck neoplasms, we believe that the present case report might be of help in further understanding how to approach cranio-facial SFTs.


Book review of The Integrated Physical Security Handbook, by Don Philpott & Shuki Einstein (2006).Directed at a target audience of facility and physical security specialists, this handbook provides a straightforward and practical, yet detailed guide for developing comprehensive integrated physical security (IPS) plans for both public and private sector facilities.


The present study discusses about evaluation of liquefaction potential of soil within a probabilistic framework based on the standard penetration test (SPT) dataset using evolutionary artificial intelligence technique, multi-gene genetic programming (MGGP). Based on the developed limit state function, a relationship is given between probability of liquefaction and factor of safety against liquefaction using Bayesian theory. This Bayesian mapping function is further used to develop a probabiliy based design chart for evaluation of liquefaction potential of soil. Using an independent database the efficacy of present MGGP based probabilistic model is compared with the available artificial neural network (ANN) and statistical models in terms of rate of successful prediction of liquefaction and non-liquefaction cases. The proposed MGGP based model is found to be more accurate compared to other models.


Chronic pain following surgery remains a significant problem to which modern anaesthetic practice continues to pay insufficient attention. Anaesthesiologists' actions and the drugs they use need to take into account the fundamental importance of abolishing noxious reflexes at the spinal level and combine this with excellent postoperative analgesia, particularly for those patients or procedures at high risk, to minimise the transition of acute to chronic pain.


Abstract Background the Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) was originally developed to summarise a Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment and yield a care plan. Especially since COVID-19, the CFS is being used widely by health care professionals without training in frailty care as a resource allocation tool and for care rationing. CFS scoring by inexperienced raters might not always reflect expert judgement. For these raters, we developed a new classification tree to assist with routine CFS scoring. Here, we test that tree against clinical scoring. Objective/Methods we examined agreement between the CFS classification tree and CFS scoring by novice raters (clerks/residents), and the CFS classification tree and CFS scoring by experienced raters (geriatricians) in 115 older adults (mean age 78.0 ± 7.3; 47% females) from a single centre. Results the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for the CFS classification tree was 0.833 (95% CI: 0.768–0.882) when compared with the geriatricians' CFS scoring. In 93%, the classification tree rating was the same or differed by at most one level with the expert geriatrician ratings. The ICC was 0.805 (0.685–0.883) when CFS scores from the classification tree were compared with the clerk/resident scores; 88.5% of the ratings were the same or ±1 level. Conclusions a classification tree for scoring the CFS can help with reliable scoring by relatively inexperienced raters. Though an incomplete remedy, a classification tree is a useful support to decision-making and could be used to aid routine scoring of the CFS.


This paper describes the calibration, validation and application of numerical models to assess the spreading, dispersion and settling of the material put into suspension by dredging operations in Port Phillip Bay. The models were set-up and validated using the field data collected during a Trial Dredging Program specifically undertaken as part of investigations for the Supplementary Environment Effects Statement. A brief discussion of the Trial and some of the data collected is included. A range of dredging scenarios consisting of varying wind and tide conditions and different dredging configurations were simulated. The full dredging program, spanning about two years, was modelled and, in addition, more than one operational scenario was considered so that a very large modelling effort was undertaken. The results show that the plumes in the south of Port Phillip Bay are driven primarily by the strong tidal-currents and can travel relatively large distances with varying levels of turbidity. In the north of the Bay, the tidal flows are much less and the turbid plumes do not travel large distances from the area of dredging operations. The time-series of turbidity at ecologically sensitive locations in combination with statistical patterns derived for the entire model area provide an estimation of both spatial and temporal variation of turbidity.


Plant growth and development are regulated by small signaling molecules called plant hormones. Plant hormones, including auxin, cytokinin (CK), ethylene, gibberellin, brassinosteroids, strigolactone, abscisic acid or jasmonic acid, collectively control the number of developmental processes such as embryogenesis, root and shoot growth and branching, or flowering. Over the past decades, studies that focused on mechanisms of phytohormone regulation of plant development clearly demonstrated that the individual hormone action is largely determined by complex interactions with other hormonal signaling pathways. Thus, a tightly interconnected hormonal network is generated which governs and coordinates proper plant development. Although the molecular principles of signal perception and transduction for most plant hormones were recognized, the molecular basis for hormonal crosstalk remains largely unknown. To get insights into the molecular mechanism underlying the hormonal crosstalk we focused on the interaction between auxin and CK. Auxin and CK are key hormonal coregulators in major developmental processes, such as shoot apical meristem activity (Reinhardt et al. 2000; Werner et al. 2003), shoot branching (Ongaro et al. 2008), root growth (Sabatini et al. 1999; Dello Ioio et al. 2008) or lateral root (LR) organogenesis (Benkova et al. 2003; Laplaze et al. 2007). The key principles of both the auxin and CK signal transduction pathways have been established (Hwang and Sheen 2001; Kepinski and Leyser 2005) and although mechanisms of their interaction have been proposed (Dello Ioio et al. 2008; Muller and Sheen 2008; Zhao et al. 2010) the crosstalk between auxin and CK is not fully understood yet.
In my PhD thesis I focused on the investigation of the molecular mechanisms of auxin and CK interaction using LR organogenesis as a suitable model system. Lateral root organogenesis is regulated by both hormones and accurate balancing is required between the promotive effect of auxin (Laskowski et al. 1995) and the inhibitory effect of CK (Laplaze et al. 2007).
Cytokinin modulation of polar auxin transport was found to represent an important mode of auxin and CK interaction (Dello Ioio, et al., 2008, Ruzicka et al., 2009; Pernisova et al., 2009). We further investigated the underlying molecular mechanisms and revealed that besides transcriptional regulation of auxin efflux carriers of the AtPIN family, CK interferes with cellular trafficking of the AtPIN1 protein and its stability. We found that CK regulates recycling of the auxin efflux carrier PIN1 to the plasma membrane by redirecting it for lytic 6 degradation in vacuoles independently of transcription. We proposed that such a rapid post-transcriptional regulation of PIN1 abundance provides a very efficient and precise mechanism to control auxin fluxes and distribution during CK-mediated developmental regulations, including lateral root primordia organogenesis and root meristem differentiation.
The results presented in the second part of my PhD demonstrate that the above described CK stimulatory effect on the lytic degradation of PIN1 not only allows overall regulation of auxin transport efficiency, but might be part of the mechanism determining directionality of the auxin stream. We reveal that CK interferes selectively with the trafficking pathway targeting PIN1 towards the basal membrane. Developmental and genetic modulations increasing the proportion of apically localized PIN1, due to an increased phosphorylation, dramatically reduce CK sensitivity. We demonstrate that during developmental processes such as LR organogenesis requiring redirection of the auxin flow, CK might contribute to PIN polarity re-establishment by targeting a specific subset of PIN1 membrane proteins for lytic degradation.
Last part of my PhD is focused on the role of the PIN3 (PIN-formed) auxin efflux carrier in the endodermis in the regulation of the early phases of lateral root initiation (LRI). We demonstrate that a local, developmentally specific auxin moves from endodermal to founder cells, so called auxin re-flux, and is required for the progress from founder cell to LRI phase. This auxin re-flux is mediated through the PIN3 auxin efflux carrier and its deficiency causes dramatic defects in the transition from founder cells to LRI. The data demonstrate that the endodermis plays an active role in the regulation of LRI and is part of the control circuit building up the auxin threshold in founder cells, which is required for the transition to the initiation phase.


Nonetheless, adequate control of hyperglycemia in patients with diabetes and ESRD may reduce morbid complications (5). The correlation between increased dose of dialysis and circulating levels of AGEs suggests that dialysis removes a low molecular weight reactive precursor (4). However the identity of that precursor remains unclear. Recent attention has focused on the role of glucose degradation products in commercially available peritoneal dialysate (6). Increased levels of3-deoxyglucosone (7), and glyoxal, methylglyoxal, and other aldehydes (8) are present in dialysate manufactured by heat sterilization, but not by filter sterilization. AGE formation is slowed in icodextrin dialysate solutions compared to glucose dialysate solutions (9), and in two-compartment bags in which the glucose and electrolyte solutions are heat-sterilized separately (10). Thus improvements in the manufacture of peritoneal dialysate may result in less glycation of the peritoneal membrane, with potential for improving technique survival (6).


In this paper, we define the factors of game-based learning and quality and how they can be incorporated into e-Learning systems development. First, we identify the advantages of games-based learning in correlation to the basic learning theories, next we define the quality and socio-cultural factors as published in previous work and lastly we formulate the essential factors combining the two aforementioned principles.


We introduce a new traffic generation and monitoring tool which was developed for performance evaluation of TCP/IP networks. Our tool, called Agent-Ant, supports a number of TCP/IP applications and new applications of future can also be easily included. Agent-Ant supports multiple connections and can measure different traffic characteristics on the application level. The main concepts, the architecture and some performance results of the development of Agent-Ant are described in this paper.


SPARC (secreted protein, acidic and rich in cysteine) is a matricellular protein that is highly expressed during development, tissue remodeling, and repair. SPARC produced by olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) can promote axon sprouting in vitro and in vivo. Here, we show that in the developing nervous system of the mouse, SPARC is expressed by radial glia, blood vessels, and other pial‐derived structures during embryogenesis and postnatal development. The rostral migratory stream contains SPARC that becomes progressively restricted to the SVZ in adulthood. In the adult CNS, SPARC is enriched in specialized radial glial derivatives (Müller and Bergmann glia), microglia, and brainstem astrocytes. The peripheral glia, Schwann cells, and OECs express SPARC throughout development and in maturity, although it appears to be down‐regulated with maturation. These data suggest that SPARC may be expressed by glia in a spatiotemporal manner consistent with a role in cell migration, neurogenesis, synaptic plasticity, and angiogenesis. Developmental Dynamics 237:1449‐1462, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Shallow aquifers in the Ganges River channel belt (Bihar, India) have high and spatially variable concentrations of arsenic contamination. The arsenic is of geogenic origin. Hydrated iron-arsenic-oxide coatings on quartz and clay minerals occur in the Ganges River deposits. The arsenic is subsequently released to the groundwater in a redoxcontrolled environment whereby microbial respiration triggers the reductive dissolution of iron and arsenic. Recent data acquisition in Holocene fluvial deposits of the Ganges River suggests that high arsenic concentrations are associated with sandy point bars in the inner bends of abandoned meandering river bends. Analysis of two 50 m deep cored boreholes shows the lithofacies heterogeneity in the Holocene Ganges River deposits. Stacked point bar deposits and associated clay plugs occur in the first 28 m of the succession. From 28-50 m depth the gravel and coarse grained braided river deposits are the characteristic lithofacies type. In addition, a high resolution time domain electromagnetic survey (TemFast) was performed to visualise the spatial distribution of the fluvial deposits in the shallow subsurface. In both boreholes an anomalously high arsenic concentration (up to 800 ppb) occurs at the boundary between both lithofacies types. Further TemFast data acquisition and analysis should result in the construction of a static 3D geological model which subsequently will be used for flow calculations.


A recent report of periodicity uptake of 32P in human mammary carcinoma has been confirmed. Whereas previous observations were made with an interstitial counter, in the present series it was demonstrated by a surface detector and an integrated counting system. With this technique, periodicity was shown in nine of the 19 patients examined. Unlike the observation made by Hale (1961) of a 6 to 36 hour periodicity, the cycle was circadian in all nine of the present cases. It showed a close relationship to circadian fluctuation in adjacent skin temperature. A common "biological clock" control could be suggested. The sophisticated technique employed demonstrates that the circadian rhythm in 32P uptake is not sinusoidal in form. It comprises low diurnal and high nocturnal levels with fairly rapid transitions between them. Its persistence in tumors possibly indicates continued response to endogenous hormones.


Residual dynamics of imidacloprid in tomato and soil were determined with HPLC, using a spherisorb 5μ-C18 column and acetonirile and water(30:70) as mobile phase.A method for the pretreatment and analysis of samples was established. The results showed that recoveries of imidacloprid in soil and in tomato varied from 80% to 120% ; half-life of imidacloprid was 8.2~21d.


equations derived from Floquet analysis have shown that the instabilities are a direct result of the primary disturbance of the traveling wave but do not provide an analytical framework upon which to design a feedback controller. The necessary observation, although simple but subtle, is that the dynamics of the steady-state flow induced by a traveling wave must be linearized and decomposed in a frame of reference moving with the traveling wave. The resulting linear time-invariant equations are appropriate for system theoretic feedback control synthesis, i.e., H2 and H∞ methods. Although the linearization method produces a time-invariant linear system in the moving frame,thecontrollerisperiodicfromafixedreferenceframe.Thisapproachforconstructingatime-invariantsystem with periodic inputs is applicable to any system in which the dynamics are described as acombinationof astatic base and a periodic primary disturbance.


BACKGROUND
Hepatitis C virus infection is a leading cause for chronic liver disease. It has wide population specific genotype variability. Genotype knowledge and viral load assessment are equally important for designing therapeutic strategies and as predictors of treatment outcome among hepatitis C (HCV) infected patients.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Between June 2012 and 2013 an observational study was conducted among 350 chronic hepatitis patients visiting Calcutta National Medical College, Kolkata, India. Among them, 110 anti-HCV antibody positive cases were diagnosed and subjected to viral RNA extraction, viral genotyping and viral load quantification using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based techniques.

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS
Statistical analysis was done with IBM SPSS Statistics software, version 20. p-value <0.05 was regarded as statically significant.

RESULTS
Among 66 HCV RNA positive cases, genotypes 1a, 3a and 3b were observed among 18 (27%), 44(67%) and 4(6%) cases respectively. Genotype 3a had higher viral load than patients infected with genotypes 1and 3b. However, no statistical significance was observed for viral load among the various HCV RNA genotypes.

CONCLUSION
Genotype 3a accounted for the highest number of cases with positive HCV RNA. However, no statistically significant difference existed for viral load among the various HCV RNA genotypes in this study.


Eberhard et al. (1998) reported that genitalia had lower allometric slopes than other body parts in all of 20 species of insects and spiders studied. This led them to suggest that selection on genitalia in both sexes favors intermediate, standard sizes appropriate for the most typical size of the opposite sex ("one size fits all") and that sexual selection has different effects on the scaling of genitalia and other body parts. Here I demonstrate that their results are dependent on the methodology used in their analyses and that reanalysis using more appropriate methods shows that the evidence that genitalia tend to be negatively allometric is not conclusive. Eberhard et al. (1998) analyzed allometry by linear ordinary least squares (OLS) regression of log(length of body part) on log(length of body-size indicator). For each species, several different measures of genitalia and nongenitalia were all regressed on the "body size indicator" (another nongenitalic measure, usually of the thorax in insects and the cephalothorax in spiders). In males of all 20 species, Eberhard et al. found that the median OLS slope for genitalic body parts was lower than that for nongenitalian body parts. Combining all the genitalic slopes together (up to five for each species), in 60 of 63 cases the OLS slope was less than the median nongenitalic slope for the same species. (Note such combined analyses are not statistically sound because repeated measurements of the same individual's genitalia are not independent [as suggested by Eberhard et al., p. 418]. However, I include them in this article for the sake of comparison.) These highly significant results obtained by Eberhard et al. are a consequence of their use of OLS regression, which is inappropriate because the assumptions of this model I regression are violated for studies of this type (for a fuller explanation and discussion of alternative methods than that presented below, see Ricker 1984; Rayner 1985; McArdle 1988; Pagel and Harvey 1988; LaBarbera 1989; Martin and Barbour 1989; Jolicoeur 1990; Sokal and Rohlf 1995; Mesple et al. 1996). The slope of the line of best fit to a bivariate plot is heavily dependent on the assumptions underlying the regression method used. The assumptions of the OLS method include: (1) that y is dependent on x in a strict, causal manner; and (2) that x is measured without sampling or measurement error and that only y is subject to such error. I emphasise that "error" as used here and below (with quotes) is not synonymous with measurement error, which is only one of its components. In the study of Eberhard et al. (1998), y (body part I) is not directly dependent on x (body part II) in the manner required for OLS regression. The authors themselves state "our analyses are not meant to imply, as is usual in regression analyses, that one variable was dependent on another" (p. 417) and "we do not intend to make any claims regarding cause-effect relationships with body size" (p. 421-422). Likewise, the assumption that there is no "error" in x is also violated because x is subject to both natural variation and measurement error. As a consequence, the OLS method used by Eberhard et al. systematically underestimates the slope best describing the functional relationship between x and y (hereafter described as the "true slope"). The correct way to place the best-fit line depends on the precise nature of the "error" in x and y (Rayner 1985), which is unknown for Eberhard et al.'s study. The true slope can be expected to lie somewhere between the OLS slope for y regressed on x (b) and the OLS slope for x regressed on y (equal to b divided by r2; Ricker 1984; McArdle 1988; Martin and Barbour 1989). Instead of presenting OLS slopes of y on x, Eberhard et al. would have had just as much statistical justification in presenting OLS slopes of x regressed on y. However, changing the slopes they presented to OLS regressions of x on y transforms their results, reversing the tendency for genitalic slopes to be shallower. Median x-on-y slopes for genitalia are higher than those for nongenitalia in 12 of 20 species (Table 1, sign test, P > 0.8). In 29 of 63 cases (sign test, P > 0.6), the genitalic slope is now higher than the median nongenitalic slope for the same species. Eberhard et al. are either unaware of the problems of using OLS regression or they implicitly assume that, because they are comparing slopes of one character with another, the regression method is irrelevant (i.e., that the same character has the higher slope with any method). This is not the case because when the allometric slope for one character is higher with an OLS regression of y on x, it may easily be lower with other methods (Fig. 1). In the presence of unmeasured variation in both x and y, no line-fitting method gives an unbiased result with real data. However, two model II regression methods, major axis (MA) and reduced major axis (RMA), provide valuable alternatives to OLS. Both MA and RMA are standard techniques in allometry studies (e.g., Boag 1984; LaBarbera 1989; Herrera 1992; Cane 1993; Simmons and Scheepers 1996; Silva 1998), and there is debate about their relative merits (Ricker 1984; McArdle 1988; Jolicoeur 1990; Sokal and Rohlf 1995). The lower the value of the correlation coefficient r, the more the OLS method of regressing y on x tends to under-


The aim of this work is to synthesis of activated carbon from pyrolysis of coconut shell through 2 N potassium hydroxide (KOH). Carbon can be produced from material through heating at high temperatures with a porous solid containing 85%-95%. During the heating process, the carbon is only carbonized, and without oxidized in the heating chamber to avoid air leakage. Activated carbon can be used as an adsorbent. The absorption capacity of activated carbon is determined by the surface area of the particles. The absorption ability of activated carbon can be improved through an activation with chemicals such as KOH. Carbon will change in physical and chemical properties. This research used the pyrolysis process at an operating temperature of 550 °C. There were three stages of active carbon production by activating KOH, namely 1) immersion of coconut shell through 2 N KOH with a variable time of 5 days, 2) drying process of coconut shell in sunlight, 3) the burning process of dry coconut shell with the temperature of 500°C, and 4) the KOH activation process by reabsorbing activated carbon using KOH and drying in the sun. The results indicated that the water content of activated carbon was affected by drying time. The testing of the activated carbon water content shows that the quality of activated carbon meets Indonesian Standards (SNI, 1995), which is less than 15%. According to Indonesian Industrial Standard (SII) No.0258-79, the ash content of activated carbon is 2.5%, While the result in this study is exceeded 2.5%.


Research into the application of freeway loop detector data for traffic safety has gained momentum in recent years. The incompleteness of data from loop detectors has been a common problem in both the development and the implementation of models. The effect of individual crash precursors, obtained one at a time from a series of loop detectors, on relative risk of crash occurrence was examined through within-stratum one-covariate logistic regression models. The hazard ratio (resultant change in log odds of observing a crash by changing the covariate by one unit) was used as the measure of risk. The log of coefficient of variation in speed expressed as percentage, standard deviation of volume, and average occupancy expressed as percentage were found to be the most significant individual covariates affecting the odds of crash occurrence at a crash site. It was also observed that these parameters calculated at a 5-min level (as opposed to a 3-min level) are more significantly associated with crash occurrence. Hazard ratios corresponding to these covariates observed at a series of stations during six 5-min slices were plotted as a contour variable. The location and time of measurements of these parameters with respect to the location and time of the crash were used as ordinate and abscissa, respectively, in the contour plots depicting spatiotemporal variation of crash risk. The chart corresponding to the log of coefficient of variation in speed demonstrated the most clear patterns of increasing risk as the time and location of the crash are approached. On the basis of these spatiotemporal patterns, a methodology with which to identify freeway black spots in real time is proposed. This information could be used by traffic management centers to take preventive measures to avoid crashes or to prepare law enforcement and emergency vehicles for the impending situation.


CO 2 leakage is a major concern in a geological carbon sequestration projects due to adverse environmental consequences, where the main leakage risk is identified to be along existing wells through a thick, low‐permeable cap rock. To pursue robust and cost effective real‐time downhole monitoring technology for CO 2 sequestration wellbore integrity, a permanently deployed coaxial cable casing imager is developed and evaluated in laboratory in this paper. The prototype of the casing imager consists of evenly distributed coaxial cable strain sensors helically wrapped around the pipe. The system is deployed on both PVC pipe and steel pipe to test its performance in casing deformation monitoring, including axial compression, radial expansion, bending, and ovalization. The strain sensors are pre‐stressed and then helically wrapped onto the pipe with high strength epoxy. Multiple linear variable differential transformers (LVDTs) or strain gauges are used as an independent measurement of the actual pipe deformation in comparison to the casing imager measured pipe deformation. The test results demonstrated the ability of the lab‐scale casing imager prototype in real‐time casing deformation monitoring, including axial compression, radial expansion, bending, and ovalization, which would prove of great value in evaluating wellbore integrity state and providing early warnings of leakage risk that will contaminate the groundwater during CO 2 injection. The low cost and high robustness of the distributed coaxial cable sensors will greatly lower the downhole monitoring cost and increase the system longevity. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The author shows the space of n-magnon states in integrable isotropic models of magnetic chains, the structure of the space of states in the RSOS model. The S-matrix in these models is described in terms of weights in integrable RSOS models.


A novel procedure for a controlled monolayer growth of silicon oxide films on silicon substrates is presented. It is based on a binary A−B reaction sequence involving the formation of an alkylsiloxane monolayer through self-assembling from solution (step A) followed by UV/ozone oxidation of the hydrocarbon groups (step B). Repeated application of this A−B cycle results in a layer-by-layer growth of the oxide film with a strictly linear thickness increase of 2.7 A per cycle, as evidenced by ellipsometry and infrared reflection spectroscopy.


TM330-like higher order mode was excited in a multibeam reflex klystron oscillator employing a hybrid photonic-band-gap (PBG) cavity using a three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulation. One side of a conventional metal cavity was replaced with a dielectric photonic crystal lattice to form a hybrid PBG resonator that uses lattice band-gap effects resulting in a more uniform field of a higher order mode as well as the exclusion of some conventional-cavity-type modes, thereby reducing mode competition. Simulated reflex klystron in the hybrid PBG cavity produced an output power much higher than could be delivered in a conventional metal cavity.


The genitive ἧς at Iliad 5.265 is sometimes considered due to attractio relativi. Alternatively it is taken as a partitive or ablatival genitive, or emended. The question matters for Greek linguistic chronology because uncontroversial attractio relativi is not found until the fifth century BC. This paper addresses the question via a fresh examination of the syntax and sense of lines 265-269. The linguistically most plausible views are: (i) we should not understand eἰσίν with τῆς γάρ τοι γeνeῆς, nor punctuate strongly after 267; (ii) ἧς should stand, and is a partitive genitive; (iii) οὕνeκα means 'because'. The resulting interpretation implies that Zeus accessed some pre-existing stock of horses, otherwise unknown to Greek literature. For many scholars this is a fatal objection to ἧς as a partitive genitive, with some concluding that ἧς is due to attractio relativi or corrupt, and others that ἧς is an 'ablatival genitive' (a suggestion that does not solve the perceived problem). This paper defends the partitive genitive analysis on the grounds that Homeric audiences could easily have imagined Zeus getting the horses from some pre-existing stock. Parallels support the plausibility of this background assumption. We do not have a Homeric instance of attractio relativi.


A scheme for estimating atmospheric parameters T$_{eff}$, log$~g$, and [Fe/H] is proposed on the basis of Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) algorithm and Haar wavelet. The proposed scheme consists of three processes. A spectrum is decomposed using the Haar wavelet transform and low-frequency components at the fourth level are considered as candidate features. Then, spectral features from the candidate features are detected using the LASSO algorithm to estimate the atmospheric parameters. Finally, atmospheric parameters are estimated from the extracted spectral features using the support-vector regression (SVR) method. The proposed scheme was evaluated using three sets of stellar spectra respectively from Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS), Large Sky Area Multi-object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST), and Kurucz's model, respectively. The mean absolute errors are as follows: for 40~000 SDSS spectra, 0.0062 dex for log~T$_{eff}$ (85.83 K for T$_{eff}$), 0.2035 dex for log$~g$ and 0.1512 dex for [Fe/H]; for 23963 LAMOST spectra, 0.0074 dex for log~T$_{eff}$ (95.37 K for T$_{eff}$), 0.1528 dex for log~$g$, and 0.1146 dex for [Fe/H]; and for 10469 synthetic spectra, 0.0010 dex for log T$_{eff}$(14.42K for T$_{eff}$), 0.0123 dex for log~$g$, and 0.0125 dex for [Fe/H].


To investigate the effect of ozone and ultravioletrags on air disinfection,two supply room of same volume were selected,made use of Ozone and ultravioletrags,shined in stiputate time,and made sample of air,exposed in 15 min,culture of bacteria on 37℃in 24 h,then observed number of bacteria.The result shows that disinfection of ozone is better than ultravioletags.It concluded after contrasting ultravioletrags with ozone,the methods of sterilization using ozone is higher safe and effective,ozone is one of new type methods of disinfection on air,and it is importment significance of lessening infective diseases and improving the quality of medical treatment.


Antroponyms in the service of persuasion – based on examples from "Odpór" (1579) by Erazm Gliczner Summary The main purpose of this study is to describe the persuasive function of personal names in Odpór na odpowiedź kwestyj niektórych podanych o Kościele Powszechnym [...], written by Erazm Gliczner in 1579. The author was an esteemed member of the reformation community. In Odpór Gliczner deals with the views of Jesuits. The work is characterized by numerous personal names, which the Protestant author thoughtfully included in the polemics with Catholics. Gliczner subjectively selected the discussed content and the people it refers to. Some anthroponyms were enriched with additional terms, which were designed to influence the reader's thinking and convice them to the presented views.


Contents: Preface Introduction Part I Post-Foundationalism and Agnostic Democratic Theory: Post-foundational politics and democracy Agonism and democracy A typology of agonistic democracy Agonistic democracy and the question of institutions. Part II Evaluating the Institutional Possibilities for Agonistic Democracy: Agonistic democracy and the limits of popular participation Populism, representation, and the popular will Political liberalism, contingency and agonistic pluralism Liberalism, agonism, and democracy Bibliography Index.


Turmeric (Curcuma longa) is extensively used as a spice, food preservative and colouring material in India, China and South East Asia. It has been used in traditional medicine as a household remedy for various diseases, including biliary disorders, anorexia, cough, diabetic wounds, hepatic disorders, rheumatism and sinusitis. For the last few decades, extensive work has been done to establish the biological activities and pharmacological actions of turmeric and its extracts. Curcumin (diferuloylmethane), the main yellow bioactive component of turmeric has been shown to have a wide spectrum of biological actions. These include its antiinflammatory, antioxidant, anticarcinogenic, antimutagenic, anticoagulant, antifertility, antidiabetic, antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, antiviral, antifibrotic, antivenom, antiulcer, hypotensive and hypocholesteremic activities.


Credit risk management is the main task of banks and other credit institutions. Untimely partial or complete non-repayment of the loan body, as well as the interest part, within the period established by the agreement and in compliance with all the conditions provided for, is one of the main causes of losses of financial institutions. Data mining technologies contain effective tools for building scoring models – neural networks, decision trees, and logistic regression to predict the value of the target variable that allows you to assess the creditworthiness of the client. The purpose of this article is to show the relevance of the problem of data classification on the example of the financial and credit sphere (credit loan).


This paper extends Salop's (1974) and Purvis's (1979) flexible exchange rates system small open economy model to the perfect sterilization operation dual exchange rates system. We assume the policy authorities choose the full employment output and desired financial exchange rates level as policy targets and use fiscal policy and monetary policy as policy instruments. If the policy authorities want to achieve the dual policy targets, then how to choose the appropriate policy assignment. We findings: (1) In the larger degree of capital mobility case: If the fiscal authority uses fiscal policy to achieve the full employment output (desired financial exchange rates level) and the monetary authority uses monetary policy to achieve the desired financial exchange rates level (full employment output), then the policy authority can achieve the dual policy targets. (2) In the smaller degree of capital mobility case: If the fiscal authority uses fiscal policy to achieve desired financial exchange rates level (the full employment output) and the monetary authority uses monetary policy to achieve the full employment output (desired financial exchange rates level), the policy authority can achieve the dual policy targets (if the economy satisfies the dynamic stability condition, the policy authority still can achieve the dual policy targets).


The efficacy of the treatment of various forms of edema has surpassed our knowledge of their pathologic physiology. Thus we are able to prolong lives of patients and minimize their symptoms despite only fragmentary and conflicting information concerning the mechanisms responsible for the symptoms of the disease. The fact that mercurial diuretics were dramatically able to aid both the patient and the doctor ensues from the remarks of Volhard in the late 20th, &dquo;Treatment of dropsy, earlier a real heartbreaker for the physician, has become a real delight.&dquo; It may thus well be that our successful work with respect to edema has considerably slowed down our endeavor to understand the pathogenesis of edema. Edema is a clinical sign, a symptom, not a cause of various diseases. I shall attempt to emphasize its constant features and the attributes which appear to be essential for its formation, regardless of the specific underlying disease. In this way, I hope to call special attention to those characteristics which may be a common denominator, whether the patient be suffering from congestive heart failure, ascitic cirrhosis of the liver, the nephrotic syndrome or more localized disorders.


The basic principle of feature extraction method in glaucomatous images is to represent the image in its compact and distinctive form. Glaucoma is a type of eye disease; it damages the optic nerve due to gradual increase in the fluid pressure and hence causes blindness. The available methods used in Heidelberg Retinal Tomography (HRT), Scanning Laser Polarimetry (SLP) and Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) are costly and need experienced clinicians to use them. So, there is a need to analyze glaucoma accurately with low cost. Hence, in this paper, a new approach to extract the features is proposed which are further useful in automated diagnosis of glaucoma. Based on 2 Dimensional Empirical Wavelet Transform (2D EWT) entropy features are extracted. The 2D EWT is used to decompose the image and entropy features are obtained from decomposed EWT components. These extracted features are evaluated and used for the comparison of glaucoma images by 2 Dimensional Discrete Wavelet Transform (2D-DWT) and 2D EWT. The 2D EWT is employed for comparison with preprocessing and regularization. The results obtained put forward that the extracted features from 2D EWT are better for proposed method.


Hypopharyngeal carcinoma is not a common tumour. Few risk factors increase the risk of this cancer including tobacco smoking, alcohol drinking, chewing of betal nuts. If it is diagnosed in advanced age, its outcome is fatal. So awareness of the risk factors among the persons at risk of this cancer and early diagnosis is recommended. Journal of Current and Advance Medical Research, 2016;3(1):26-30


In this paper, we continue the study of large $N$ problems for the Wick renormalized linear sigma model, i.e. $N$-component $\Phi^4$ model, in two spatial dimensions, using stochastic quantization methods and Dyson--Schwinger equations. We identify the large $N$ limiting law of a collection of Wick renormalized $O(N)$ invariant observables. In particular, under a suitable scaling, the quadratic observables converge in the large $N$ limit to a mean-zero (singular) Gaussian field denoted by $\mathcal{Q}$ with an explicit covariance; and the observables which are renormalized powers of order $2n$ converge in the large $N$ limit to suitably renormalized $n$-th powers of $\mathcal{Q}$. The quartic interaction term of the model has no effect on the large $N$ limit of the field, but has nontrivial contributions to the limiting law of the observables, and the renormalization of the $n$-th powers of $\mathcal{Q}$ in the limit has an interesting finite shift from the standard one. Furthermore, we derive the $1/N$ asymtotic expansion for the $k$-point functions of the quadratic observables by employing graph representations and analyzing the order of each graph from Dyson--Schwinger equations. Finally, turning to the stationary solutions to the stochastic quantization equations, with the Ornstein--Uhlenbeck process being the large $N$ limiting dynamic, we derive here its next order correction in stationarity, as described by an SPDE with the right-hand side having explicit fixed-time marginal law which involves the above field $\mathcal{Q}$.


PURPOSE: To verify the applicability of favorable and neutral environment, obtained from speech data of children without language impairment, in the treatment of phonological disorder. METHODS: Six children with phonological disorder, with an average age of six years, were treated using the ABAB - Withdrawal and Multiple Probes model. The words selected for treatment contained neutral and favorable environments for the acquisition of /r/ according to gestural and generative theoretical basis studies. The therapeutic evolution was measured based on the data of the assessments carried out before, during and after the treatment, and investigated, among the contexts used, the most effective for treatment. RESULTS: The neutral environment promoted more changes in the phonological system of the subjects than the favorable environment. The data of the subjects of this study showed favorable contexts for the acquisition of /r/ in children with phonological disorders. CONCLUSION: The favorable linguistic context, based on normality data, is not applicable to children with phonological disorders. It is suggested the realization of research in the treatment of phonological disorders using the contexts proposed in this study to test their applicability.


What degree of equality or inequality between work and wages is fair? This paper examines wage-setting policies as different conceptualizations of fairness. Focusing particularly on comparable worth as an alternative to existing wage-setting policies, it demonstrates how social psychological approaches to justice contribute to the understanding of these policies. More specifically, it analyzes the contributions of research on distributive justice and procedural justice to understanding the determination of job worth and the dynamics of implementing comparable worth policy. The discussion illuminates theoretical issues regarding the nature of the relationship between individual deservingness, social fairness, and social power. Finally, suggestions are offered for future research that links policy with basic theoretical problems.


This paper presents challenges and opportunities resulting from the application of geographical information systems (GIS) in the (digital) humanities. First, we provide an overview of the intersection and interaction between geography (and cartography), and the humanities. Second, the "GeoBib" project is used as a case study to exemplify challenges for such collaborative, interdisciplinary projects, both for the humanists and the geoscientists. Finally, we conclude with an outlook on further applications of GIS in the humanities, and the potential scientific benefit for both sides, humanities and geosciences.


With the rapid development of Internet,the network security receives more and more attention.As one of the important means of network monitoring and control,the traffic anomaly detection technology has been realizing more important by people.Now there are many ways to detect the anomaly of the traffic,and the anomaly detection technology based on entropy is an important means in recent years.First the anomaly detection technology based on information entropy and the anomaly detection technology based on joint-entropy are programming realized in this paper,then make an experimental test and an analysis according to the two ways.It shows that the anomaly detection technology based on joint-entropy is more effective,and then a valid analysis of ideas to detect the anomaly of traffic is proposed.


To investigate the exploitation and contamination by self-propagating Internet worms, a provenance-aware tracing mechanism is highly desirable. Provenance unawareness causes difficulties in fast, accurate identification of a worm's break-in point, and incurs significant log inspection overhead. This paper presents the design, implementation, and evaluation of process coloring, an efficient provenance-aware approach to worm break-in and contamination tracing. More specifically, process coloring assigns a "color", a unique system-wide identifier, to each remotely-accessible server or process. The color will then be either inherited by spawned child processes or diffused indirectly through process actions (e.g., read/write operations). Process coloring brings two major advantages: (1) It enables fast color-based identification of a worm's break-in point even before detailed log analysis; (2) It naturally partitions log data based on their colors, effectively reducing the volume of log data that need to be examined for worm investigation. A tamper-resistant log collection method is developed based on the virtual machine introspection technique. Our experiments with a number of real-world worms demonstrate the advantages of processing coloring.


Clarify the extent to which a medical practitioner with a conscientious objection may refrain from participating in certain medical activities; and for connected purposes.


Successful course reforms rely on the development of courses that support productive patterns of classroom interaction. Particularly in the case of inquiry-based classes, the ways that students talk to each other and how they interpret the instructor's actions can make great differences in their learning. This paper describes results of research on patterns of social interactions in a college physics course for prospective elementary teachers. Students in this course developed physics concepts for themselves with support from particular pedagogical structures, collaborative group work, and special computer software. Data consisted of videotapes of class work, interviews, and collections of students' work. The paper extends Yackel and Cobb's "sociomathematical" norms (1996) to the fields of physics, and introduces two "sociophysics norms" that emerged in the course. These were class criteria for accepting evidence and the obligation for each group to have a scientific model of magnetic materials that they could support with acceptable evidence. Implications of this study are that classroom norms seem to be influenced by the instructor, by pedagogical structures, and by students' actions, and that the development of norms seems to be part of the process of developing understanding. (Contains 4 figures and 11 references.) (Author/BT) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document.


The reticence of ocular disorder in the community has been a major deterrent to one being visually impaired before getting diagnosed. The genesis lies deeper in the inefficiency of ophthalmologists configuring the root cause of defacement. One such predicament is Diabetic Retinopathy (caused due to changes in retinal blood vessels) which is in an upsurge causing apprehension for vision loss. Meagre research has been carried out using different learning techniques giving a vague prospect of a cogent solution. In this paper, we have subsumed potent Deep Learning (8-Layer CNN) and Transfer Learning architectures (MobilenetV2, DenseNet121, InceptionV3, ResNet50, VGG16) for deducing the potentiality of a person having Diabetic Retinopathy using a 02-Class model with collating varied dataset namely APTOS 2019 and HRF Image Database begetting preeminent accuracy results with metrics comprehended such as f1 Score, Area Under Curve, Cohen's Kappa Score for corroboration.


There is considerable interest in what is described as the regional economic paradigm which questions the nation state as the most appropriate basis for economic policy design and implementation (Barnes and Ledebur 1998). Nation states are viewed as artificial constructs and more functional economic regions are advocated as the more effective basis for policy. In particular, the potential of the older, established concept of city regions has attracted considerable attention as the more appropriate locus for interacting labour, capital and housing markets. This interest is generally mirrored in the contemporary political agendas of devolution and processes of decentralised governance and public administration. Care has to be taken, however, in moving down this particular road as any such interest tends to mask the inherited baggage of different localities. Devolution and indeed decentralised administration arrangements do not fall on clean slates. They impact on differentials in relative economic structures and performance, the policies and programmes already in place and the institutional capacity across the old devolved nation state and within the new political entities. There is also the dynamic of political expectations. The contemporary differential nature of devolution in the United Kingdom gives a flavour of this unevenness in the economic and institutional landscape (Bogdanor 1999).


Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect of traditional Chinese medicine,Ginkgo leaf extracts and dioyridamole injection on acute cerebral infarction and its mechanism.Methods Patients in treatment group(n=82) and control group(n=78) were injected with Ginkgo leaf extracts and dioyridamole injection and Danshen injection,respectively.The treatment period of two groups was 2 weeks.The clinical therapeutic effects,neurological functional deficit scores(NFDS),hemorheology indexes,serum lipid,C-reactive protein(CRP),nitric oxide and endothelin were evaluated in both groups before and after 2-week treatment.Barthel index was accessed before treatment and 4 weeks later.Results After 2-week treatment,the total clinical effective rate in treatment group and control group was 90.2% and 78.2%,resectively(P0.05).NFDS,Barthel index,hemorheology indexes,serum lipid,CRP,nitric oxide and endothelin in both groups were improved after treatment with Ginkgo leaf extracts and dioyridamole injection(P0.05 or P0.01).These effects were more significant in treatment group than in control group(P0.05 or P0.01).No side effect of Ginkgo leaf extracts and dioyridamole injection was found in the trial.Conclusion Ginkgo leaf extracts and dioyridamole injection is better than Danshen injection in the treatment of acute cerebral infarction.Ginkgo leaf extracts and dioyridamole injection is able to decrease NFDS,improve patients' life quality.The mechanism is related function to promote blood hemorheology,serum lipid,vascular endothelium function and decrease inflammatory response in ischemic tissue.Ginkgo leaf extracts and dioyridamole injection is an ideal herb drug for acute cerebral infarction.


The purpose of the experiment was to study the influence of the type of higher nervous activity (HNA) on the secretion of organic components of milk in various milking conditions. Under the influence of the unconditioned stimulus "inadequate udder preparation" in the milk of machine milk in cows in the morning milking: I HNA type - secretion and percentage of milk fat and the ratio of percentage of fat to percentage of lactose decreases, while in all other types there is a decrease in the percentage of fat and protein. In the unbalanced (II) type, the average duration of the milk flow cycle decreases; in the inert (III) and weak (IV) type, the concentration of fat and lactose decreases, and the ratio of fat to lactose in the latter. It is advisable to characterize the stress resistance of animals based on knowledge of their types of HNA. At the same time, the complexity of their determination by known methods should be noted. In dairy farming, it is necessary to provide for the presence of all types of HNA among the cows and take into account their individual characteristics in terms of resistance to stress, the level of milk production and milk yield. It is recommended to apply the model of dairy cows developed by us to objectively determine the type of their stress resistance in production conditions. The presented patterns of changes in the secretory function of the mammary gland under the influence of tested stress factors on dairy cows of different types of higher nervous activity should be used to develop express methods for determining the types of stress resistance in animals and completing the herds of dairy farms.


Very little is known about the effects of wilderness stress-challenge programs on juvenile recidivism. A quasi experimental design is used to assess the effects of participation in an Outward Bound type program on the recidivism of a sample of juvenile probationers. Findings indicate a one-year delinquency reduction effect, which is confined to those youth who successfully completed the program. While the reductions were exhibited for both high and low-rate offenders, the reduction effect was not found at a two-year follow up period. lmplications for such programs and sanctioning policies are discussed.


Intensities and anomalies of radiometric (gamma) natural fields are related to structures in geologic sections. Positive and negative anomalies in the overburden of petroliferous as well as of "sterile" structures are essentially functions of lithologic and/or mineral composition of the rocks which, in turn, depend on tectonic structure of the area. These and still other complexities, suited as they may be for interpreting radiometric expressions of various structures, are still in need of further research. -- AGI Staff.


• Black Saturday: How the media covered Australia's worst peace-time disaster • Journalists adrift: the reporting of Black Saturday • Humans First, Journalists Second. The Journalism of Black Saturday • Media Coverage of the Black Saturday Bushfires (2009) and Discussion of Climate Change in Australia • Lessons from media reporting of natural disasters: A case study of the 2011 flash floods in Toowoomba and the Lockyer Valley • In the Media Spotlight: The Survivor Stories • Mindframe: media professional reporting guidelines for portrayal of suicide and mental illness and help-seeking information • Tragedies & Journalists: a guide for more effective coverage • How should media report breaking news about bushfires?


Nurses are more at risk of experiencing psychological distress during a pandemic than other healthcare workers, and its effects can last for up to three years, suggests a review of global research [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Nursing Management - UK is the property of RNCi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use This abstract may be abridged No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract (Copyright applies to all Abstracts )


Congress and of the split between the Pan-African Congress and the African Congress is of great interest. For a future historian of the African National Congress and of the African struggle in South Africa, however, more detail of the kind ex-Chief Luthuli deliberately, but perhaps unfortunately, refrains from giving about the actual working of the organization and about his colleagues, would have been invaluable; and on this score, Dr Callan can naturally be of even less help. There are in both books a few minor slips, and although it is unnecessary to burden a review of this nature with their correction, some notes may be of general interest. Both refer to the Amakolwa or Abasemkolweni 'tribe' of the Zulu people; as the words simply mean ' converts' or ' those who have been converted', this is a rather curious description. Dr Callan refers to a son of Ntaba Luthuli as being Chief of the Groutville community in the 1920s—this must be Martin Luthuli, Albert's uncle, a man of some importance in his own right, having at one stage been Secretary to Dinizulu (before 1890) and later first President of the Native Congress, a forerunner of the African National Congress. He must have been Chief about 1910—one Josiah Nqebu was Chief in the 1920s. Four Luthulis have been elected chiefs of Groutville. According to the autobiography, only Oliver Tambo was sent to work out of South Africa by the African National Congress—but according to other sources at least two others were also sent overseas by the organization. It is also of interest to note that the authors differ in the degree of participation they attribute to the African National Congress in the 1959 Johannesburg busstrike, and it is difficult at this stage to assess which is the correct view, although apparently Johannesburg members of Congress would support Dr Callan's opinion that the African National Congress helped organize the boycott from the very outset. From the above it can be seen that Dr Callan's long essay covers much the same ground as the longer autobiography and gives most of the salient facts about Luthuli's life and work, although it is in the autobiography that the full unity and integrity of his personality can be seen. Both books incorporate in their appendices useful documents: the Freedom Charter, Luthuli's speeches on his being forced to resign the Groutville chieftaincy (' The Road to Freedom is via the Cross'), and his undelivered speech when charged with burning his pass, in 'Let My People Go', and his Nobel Peace Prize address in Dr Callan's booklet. That there is scope for similar biographies of nationalist leaders of today and yesterday is undoubted; and the extended essay form adopted by Dr Callan should prove highly suitable for the latter, where the amount of source-material available may be limited.


This chapter looks at Rimsky-Korsakov's Snegurochka (The Snow Maiden) in the political context of the era, namely within a particular branch of 1870s populism that extolled "harmonious communal ritual, agrarian prehistory, and the development of individual feeling." Together, the Snegurochkas of Alexander Ostrovsky and Rimsky-Korsakov offer perhaps the clearest representations in art of the populist notion of the ideal past, depicting the prehistoric village as a site of social cooperation and humane politics. Indeed, in his adaptation of Snegurochka, Rimsky-Korsakov united an idealized vision of the past with the progress of private, inner feeling. Meanwhile, Russia's thick journals of the seventies brimmed with articles by populist thinkers like Nikolai Mikhailovsky and stories about village life by writers such as Gleb Uspensky and Nikolai Zlatovratsky.


This paper asserts that central to the debate over excellence and equity in education is the shifting nature of authority over public education in the schools and school districts of Greater Boston, Massachusetts, noting that the autonomy that local school districts have historically exercised is fading, if not gone. The 1993 Massachusetts Education Reform Act gave the state expanded authority over school curriculum and the responsibility to develop assessments to measure student and school performance. The federal government has also taken a more authoritative role. This paper focuses on federal, state, and local players in education policy; understanding accountability (education reform and the birth of Massachusetts Comprehensive Assessment System, or MCAS; assessing MCAS; accountability at the national level; and local accountability); the choice movement (school choice, charter schools, and funding for school choice and charter schools); equity and school funding; serving special populations (special education, English language learners, and bilingual education); excellence in the classroom; school building construction and quality; and the future of education in Greater Boston. (SM) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. 5. Creating Communities of Learning: Public Education in Greater Boston


The fixed energy Dirac equation using scalar plus fourth component vector potentials is solved in the eikonal limit. The Dirac-eikonal amplitude can be written in the familiar integral over impact parameter form. Results of model calculations using the Dirac-eikonal amplitude are compared with those of a partial wave solution for parameters appropriate to intermediate energy proton nucleus scattering.


The high and strong steel easily results in welding the hot influence in welding area frailty turn, softens with produce the hot crack etc.. This paper aims at the problem that high and strong steel in GH60 weld inside, passing to prepare the heat, adjusting to weld the craft parameter, the handles behind etc..Establishe a set of the craft welding, guiding the production, insuring the product quantity.


Abstract The present study demonstrates the expression of adrenomedullin (ADM) in the rat Sertoli cells and its effect on inhibin production. The regulation of ADM by FSH and its interaction with endothelin 1 (EDN1) in the rat Sertoli cells have also been established. Primary culture of Sertoli cells secreted 414 ± 27 pg immunoreactive ADM per 106 cells in 24 h and expressed Adm mRNA. In addition, the Sertoli cell was shown to co-express mRNAs encoding for the calcitonin receptor-like receptor (CALCRL) and receptor activity-modifying proteins (RAMPs) 1–3. These may account for the specific binding of ADM to the Sertoli cells. Administration of ADM to Sertoli cells resulted in an enhancement of basal and FSH-stimulated inhibin B production. On the other hand, the production of ADM and the mRNA levels of Calcrl and Ramp2 in the Sertoli cells were suppressed by FSH. The results suggest that ADM, via its control in the secretion of inhibin B, may play a role in regulating spermatogenesis as well as the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad feedback system. In addition, like in the Leydig cell, ADM and EDN1 were found to regulate the production of each other in opposite directions in the Sertoli cells, suggesting the presence of yet another local regulatory mechanism in the rat testis that may be important in modulating testicular functions regulated by gonadotropins.


A comparison between the economics and the technical principles of fossil and nuclear power generation systems shows one of the main design goais of the latter to be: maximum heat extrJction from the reactor core combined with maximum conversion efficiency of this heat to mechanical power. By dividing the heat transfer process into three distinct phases, viz. within the fuel element, from fuel element to coolant and from coolant to steam cycle, the inherent limitations and sometimes conflicting requirements for achieving the aforementioned goal are brought out and discussed for various reactor coolants. (auth)


Tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis (TINU) syndrome was first described 30 years ago. The syndrome is defined as the concurrence of acute interstitial nephritis (AIN) and uveitis without a known underlying systemic disease that can cause ocular and renal inflammation. As even the largest case series of TINU syndrome are retrospective with small numbers of patients and variable (and often short) follow-up, we still do not have a full understanding of the course of the uveitis. However, TINU syndrome is likely underrecognized, and in fact may be a relatively common cause of bilateral anterior uveitis of sudden onset, especially in younger patients. As such, it is important that ophthalmologists become more aware of the syndrome.


Optimised N-hydroxythiazoles are efficient and selective inhibitors of the 2-oxoglutrate dependent oxygenase factor inhibiting HIF, which has a key role in the human hypoxic response; the inhibitors decrease lipid accumualtion in adipocytes.


Using a comparative framework advocated by Hughes, I describe and analyze the work activities of professional horse race gamblers. Drawing upon qualitative data, I show that this unresearched occupational grouping is involved in a difficult nondeviant task for which commitment, discipline, and the ability to deal with ambiguity are prerequisites. The bane and sustenance of the occupation is its independent character, as players work with neither an organizational safety net nor bureaucratic regulations. The common dimensions that the professional gamblers share with certain other workers provide insight into occupations that survive outside bureaucratic organizations and suggest refinement of existing occupational categories.


Atrial-esophageal fistula (AEF) is perhaps the most dreaded complication of AF ablation. Since the early reports of esophageal injury from percutaneous catheter-based atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation by Pappone et al.,1 the incidence of this complication has been low. Rates of AEF post-AF ablation have been reported to be less than 0.1%.2,3 A recent global survey of participating Heart Rhythm Society members including close to 200,000 AF ablations showed the incidence of AEF at 0.016%.4 Of these complications, the occurrence of a pericardialesophageal fistulawas extremely rare.Most of these cases present 10– 20 days postablation with symptoms of dysphagia, odynophagia, massive gastrointestinal bleed, persistent fever and chills, recurrent neurological events, and septic shock.We describe an extremely rare case of a pericardial-esophageal fistula as a post-AF ablation complication with an uncommon presentation.


This luxurious hotel is hailed as the first luxury resort in the Maldives to be located south of the equator. The hotel offers guests an indescribably-beautiful setting, perfect for a relaxing beach holiday bathed in serenity and peace. The hotel is stunningly..


Coincident and near‐coincident Global Ultraviolet Imager (GUVI) and Special Sensor Ultraviolet Spectrographic Imager (SSUSI) plasma bubble images provide a unique opportunity to image the evolution of a single feature over a large longitude and time range. SSUSI and GUVI are currently the only two UV imagers that can provide low‐Earth orbit measurements capable of reconstructing a multidimensional electron density map. New imaging techniques applied to years of UV data provide a powerful tool for observing and understanding ionospheric electron density and equatorial plasma bubbles. GUVI, launched on board the TIMED satellite in December 2001, and SSUSI on board the DMSP F16 satellite launched in October 2003 have several overlapping years of observations of the nightside ionosphere. The low‐Earth orbit of the DMSP and TIMED satellites allows for tomographic reconstruction of altitude versus longitude bubble cross sections from UV disk images. GUVI is at an altitude of 625 km in an orbit that precesses through all local solar times in just 60 days, and SSUSI is at an altitude of 830 km in a fixed 0800/2000 local solar time orbit. We have developed a technique for tomographic retrievals of electron density maps from GUVI observations. We are able to produce three‐dimensional maps of ionospheric electron density. We discuss the adaptation of the tomographic imaging technique to SSUSI data and present initial results. Electron density reconstructions are accompanied by discussion and analysis of plasma bubble drift rates and the morphology and time changes in the tilt of the bubbles as they drift through the ionosphere.


Tissue organoids derived from primary cells have high potential for studying organ development and diseases in numerous organs. They recreate the morphological structure and mimic the functions of given organ while being compact in size, easy to produce, and suitable for use in various experimental setups.


To realize a recommendation system that combines the benefits of human recommendation (experts in the field, e.g., salesclerks) and computer recommendation (recommendation algorithms, such as those in e-commerce), we constructed an emotion model that appropriately represents customers' emotions during a human recommendation process. As a typical scene of a recommendation by a human, we focused on bespoke tailoring in which a customer interacts with a tailor. First, we extracted emotions evoked in the scene using the evaluation grid method. After that, we constructed an emotion model by determining the extracted emotions' positions on the core affect model. As a result, we constructed an emotion model that appropriately expressed the emotions evoked in the recommendation process. In addition, we found that unique emotions such as troubled and expected are evoked in the recommendation by a human.


Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET) is an infrastructure less network. Each node will act as a host as well as a router and forwards each other's packets to enable the communication between nodes not directly connected by wireless links. Today, mobile ad hoc networks are mainly helpful in sensing, gaming and also for military purposes. But the steadily wider adoption of wireless technologies in daily life let one foresee the next generation of mobile ad hoc network applications: environmental and medical monitoring, groupware, customer to customer applications, risk awareness management, entertainment including advertising, etc. Data transmission through the network platform is being greatly affected by an important parameters namely routing. We introduce the concept Co-operative opportunistic routing in MANET and compared with the performance of AODV. The concept of link quality using co-operative communications is being implemented with IDS to enhance routing than AODV. This helps in obtaining less traffic overhead. Finally, low power energy consumption with efficient throughput is being obtained and the network lifetime is dramatically increased. Keywords—Co-operative communication, AODV protocol, Intrusion Detection system (IDS), Link quality, Live update, Path Finding Algorithm (PFA).


In this paper, the author Kinoshita proposes Thetical and Antithetical economies in macroeconomics by utilizing the technique of operations reserach (OR). The author also states the economy naturally goes through a bubble economic phase, followed by its bursting, when it moves from Thetical Economy to Antithetical Economy. Thus, the author analyzes and identifies how each of the four economic phases (Thetical Economy, bubble economy, the bursting of the bubble, Antithetical Economy) is to be formed. The author also believes that the two major economic events in the past, or the prolonged recession in Japan over the last 20 years, and the global downfall in stock prices triggered by the 2008 U.S. sub-prime loan crisis, which adversely affected general consumers, presented significant difficulties within the study of economics. It is the position of this paper that Japan's recession and the U.S. sub-prime loan crisis have revealed a new fundamental economis truth, in view of the fact that macroeconomics was born from the Great Depression, a prolonged slump that originated in the United States 80 years ago.


Mentigi Plants ( V. varingiaefolium ( Bl.) Miq) grew up around the crater of the mountain. Strong roots of trees can withstand erosion rate Mentigi on the mountain cliffs. Highlands protected crop plant population Mentigi existence for less. Thus Mentigi crop development needs to be done to prevent extinction. Alternative propagation was implemented was through culture in vitro using Mentigi seed explants. This study aimed to study the effect of growth regulators IBA and TDZ on shoot induction Mentigi seed ( V.varingiaefolium ( Bl.) Miq). This research use of growth regulators IBA and TDZ. The study was conducted using a completely randomized design (CRD) with 2 factors namely the use of plant growth regulators IBA (1 ppm, 2 ppm and 3 ppm) and TDZ (0,025, 0,050 and 0,075). The data were analyzed using ANOVA and Duncan 5% further test. Based on the results of analysis of variance and TDZ IBA treatment showed significant effect on seed broke interaction aged 3 hst and explants sprout at age 6 HST. Occurred a real influence on the concentration of 2 ppm IBA to sprout explants at age 39 HST. The use of high concentrations of TDZ resulted in inhibition of explants sprout.


Excerpt Since the first pathological description by von Rokitansky,1and the clinical and pathological correlation by Kussmaul and Maier,2more than 300 cases of periarteritis nodosa (panarteritis no...


E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase NEDD4 (1000 aa, ~115 kDa) is encoded by the human NEDD4 gene. This protein is involved in the transfer of ubiquitin to target proteins and may play a role in virion budding from infected cells and tumor suppression.


According to political realism, countries are in a constant state of competition with each other. This competition ranges from markets to weapons causing the ones that wish to change the balance of power to opt for innovation in all fields. Although the concept of innovation is not new, current conditions demand that this innovation is connected to technology. The incorporation of new technologies gives states the chance to rise to the top of the power competition, while middle powers have the ability to tackle their state and non-state enemies using them. This paper focuses on what these new technologies are and what Russia, China and Israel are doing with them, providing insight regarding the way these technologies can be used to serve national interest in a security dilemma environment.


The objective of the study was to compare the provision of the existing artificial insemination service delivery system (AI-SDS) among public, private and autonomous institutions to the small-scale dairy farmers in Bangladesh. A cross-sectional survey was conducted by using a pre-tested and pre-designed questionnaire and face-to-face interview technique. A stratified-purposive sampling technique was applied to select 165 small-scale dairy farmers from four study areas. Descriptive statistics were performed to know the frequency of the provision of AI services. Public services were available in all study areas whereas autonomous services were only delivered in Mymensingh district. The private service was increasing faster than the public and autonomous service. The public service had higher incentives and network coverage compared to private and autonomous services. The results also showed that 50% of the respondent perceived the AI service as "public goods" and showed no willingness to pay (e.g., free of charge for public service). The demand for the services has been increasing but the existing organizations were not able to provide the services especially to the remote areas. From this study, it is recommended that farmers' needs should be translated in a way that they get access to their required services in a satisfactory manner. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v43i3.21643 Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2014. 43 (3): 166-174


Over the last decades, a continuous increase in groundwater reserves has been observed in southwest Niger due to a rapid clearing of the native vegetation. In this rural region, high levels of nitrate occur in groundwater, which are difficult to explain given the lack of any usual source of pollution. Groundwater surveys show that important increases in nitrate content occur during exceptional recharge events near infiltrating ponds, indicating a current nitrogen flux to the aquifer. Groundwater samples with nitrate contents of between 1 and 100 mg l"1 have 8bN values between +3 to +8%o, a range fully consistent with natural derivation from the soil. These results strongly suggest that a break in the nitrogen cycle following land clearance is the main source of dissolved nitrate in this unconfmed aquifer.


Humanity faces a global environmental crisis in addition to the COVID-19 pandemic. In the age of disruption, both the public and politicians search for advice and guidance from science. Thus, universities (higher education institutions) act as pillars of social and economic transformation. With the sustainable development goals (SDGs), this function of higher education can be examined more closely. Therefore, this paper examines the implementation of the SDGs in higher education institutions and possible links to other metrics and core functions. To this end, 467 HEIs from 76 countries are examined in a quantitative study. The results show that social SDGs are addressed to a higher degree than ecological and economic SDGs and that there might be a connection between the implementation of the SDGs and other factors at HEIs.


A method for safely and efficiently producing high purity 3- l -menthoxypropane-1,2-diol and intermediates to be used in the method. As shown in the following reaction formula, 3- l -menthoxypropane-1,2-diol represented by the chemical formula (IV) is produced by adding l -menthol to a 1,2-epoxy-3-halogenopropane represented by the general formula (I) (wherein X represents a halogen atom) in an organic solvent in the presence of a Lewis acid, thereby producing a 1-halogeno-3- l -menthoxypropan-2-ol represented by the general formula (II), allowing the first intermediate to react with an alkali metal salt of an aliphatic carboxylic acid having from 1 to 5 carbon atoms to produce a 1-acyloxy-2-substituted-3- l -menthoxypropane represented by the general formula (III) and then hydrolyzing the second intermediate.


The invention relates to a method and an system for continuously moulding longitudinally slotted pipes from a flat material, in which markings in the material can be minimised or avoided if the rolling forces of at least two rolls acting successively on the flat material are introduced centered into the roll stand and/or the two successively acting rolls are able to align freely relative to one another.


Accurate estimation of endmember signatures and the associated abundances of a scene from its hyperspectral observations is at present, a challenging research area. Many of the existing hyper-spectral unmixing algorithms are based on Winter's belief, which states that the vertices of the maximum volume simplex inside the data cloud (observations) will yield high fidelity estimates of the endmember signatures if pure-pixels exist. Based on Winter's belief, we recently proposed a convex analysis based alternating volume maximization (AVMAX) algorithm. In this paper we develop a robust version of the AVMAX algorithm. Here, the presence of noise in the hyperspectral observations is taken into consideration with the original deterministic constraints suitably reformulated as probabilistic constraints. The subproblems involved are convex problems and they can be effectively solved using available convex optimization solvers. Monte Carlo simulations are presented to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed RAVMAX algorithm over several existing pure-pixel based hyperspectral unmixing methods, including its predecessor, the AVMAX algorithm.


Problem Statement: Natural resources within the southern United States have repeatedly been subjected to the impact of tropical cyclones. While the frequency of tropical cyclones hitting either coast varies from year to year, it is crucial for natural resource managers and land owners to be prepared for the damage resulting from such storms. The goal of this review paper is to synthesize previous research and assess how hurricanes impact coastal forests. Approach: In order to understand the impact on forests in this region, an extensive literature review was preformed. The literature review focused primarily on the southern United States' forests but included information from other areas that was pertinent in understanding the impact of strong wind events on forests. Results: Although the literature is not entirely consistent in arriving at factors that can be used to describe or predict potential damage to forests, a number of trends were obvious. Forest damage was found to be a function of tree species, proximity to the eye of the hurricane, stand and site characteristics, species-specific responses to storm surges, and topographic exposure. Each of these factors was found to be critical in developing and understanding potential hurricane damage to forest and wildlife values. Conclusions/Recommendations: Such a review paper was found to be a valuable tool for informing natural resource managers and forest land owners of the potential impacts of hurricanes on the forest of the southern United States. This information will help land managers develop a response plan related to hurricane damage.


Art. 22a para. 1 and 2 of the Act of April 14, 2000 on International Agreements stipulates that supplying the President, by the minister responsible for foreign affairs, acting on the basis on the resolution of the Council of Ministers, with a draft decision on Poland's withdrawal from the EU is possible only with prior consent granted in a statute enacted by the Sejm and the Senate with a simple majority of votes in the presence of at least half of the statutory members of each chamber. This provision, adopted in 2010, has been reminded with fear in last years, due to the consistent anti-constitutional and anti-European policy applied by the Sejm's prevailing political parties, by the government and by the President alike, supported by the subordinate organs and institutions of the state, including the Constitutional Tribunal, which is sometimes aptly named as an actual and even legal gradual polexit. The first objective of the paper is to reconstruct the legislative history of the aforementioned regulation on the procedure of Poland's withdrawal from the EU and the competing legislative proposals in that matter that were formulated parallelly. The second objective is to defend the thesis stating that for the decision on Poland's withdrawal from the EU, Art. 90 of the Constitution, construed a contrario (and not Art. 89), should apply, where in order to pass the statute granting consent for renunciation of an international agreement referred to herein, it is necessary to have a two-thirds majority vote in both chambers, in the presence of at least half of their statutory numbers, and where granting of such a consent may also be passed by a nationwide referendum.


This study was developed to synthesize a chemically activated carbon from Australian raw pine cone and to evaluate its effectiveness as a low cost adsorbent in the removal of anionic dyes such as Congo red from aqueous solution. Pine cone is a natural and low-cost agricultural byproduct. The effects of various phosphoric acid concentrations and temperature profiles on activated carbon production were studied. Synthesized activated carbon samples were characterized by bulk density, particle size distribution and CHNS analysis. Batch adsorption experiments were carried out under different physicochemical process parameters such as solution pH and adsorbent dose. It was observed that the adsorption process was pH dependent and the maximum adsorption occurred at low pH. Also, it was found that amount of dye adsorbed per unit activated carbon qt (mg/g) was decreasing at higher initial adsorbent dose. These results suggest that pine cone is a good and low cost feed material for the production of biomass activated carbon.


The Human-Elephant Conflict (HEC) assessment study was carried out from May 2013 to August 2014 in Coimbatore Forest Division, Tamilnadu, South India. Totally 438 persons were interviewed from the forest fringe villages of six forest ranges of the Coimbatore Forest Division. This study revealed that 6 Forest Ranges were affected by elephant crop raids. Total frequency of elephant's attempt to raid the crop fields (n=409) were recorded as 2070. Crop raiding attempts and success was highest in Boluvampatti Range. Lowest attempts were recorded in Sirumugai Range. Totally 31 crop species were recorded during the study period, of which 24 species were raided by elephants at various intensities. Banana (Musa paradisia) (139.49 acres), Sorghum (Sorghum vulgare) (122.35 acres), Areca nut (Areca catechu) (18993 trees), Coconut (Cocus nucifera) (4701 trees) were the most raided crops by elephants. The study recorded 96 human casualties caused by elephants over the last 16 years. The result showed that drastic increase in human death was in the last five years. The human causalities between 2010 and 2014 alone attributed 59% of overall deaths. Most of the human deaths (67%) were recorded in outside of the forest areas. January (16.0%) and August (10.0%) months were found as highest human death caused by elephants in the year. Most of the human deaths were occurred between 1800 hrs and 2200 hrs. Totally 133 elephant deaths were recorded from 1999 to 2014. Among the causes of elephant deaths, disease attributed 37.6% followed by natural (27.1%), electrocution (18%) and slipped from slopes (6%).


Cloud computing is an emerging technological paradigm that provides a flexible, scalable, and reliable infrastructure and services for organizations. Services of cloud computing is based on sharing; thus, it is open for attacker to attack on its security. The main thing that grabs the organizations to adapt the cloud computing technology is cost reduction through optimized and efficient computing, but there are various vulnerabilities and threats in cloud computing that affect its security. Providing security in such a system is a major concern as it uses public network to transmit data to a remote server. Therefore, the biggest problem of cloud computing system is its security. The objective of the chapter is to review Machine learning methods that are applied to handle zero-day attacks in a cloud environment.


In this paper, we solve volume integral equations using discontinuous Galerkin method and half Schaubert-Wilton-Glisson (HSWG) basis functions. It is not required to enforce geometric continuity at the interface between two elements. Thus, this method can be applied for scattering problems for complex structures using domain decomposition method, even with slit or overlap, compared with traditional method. The good performance of this method has been verified with numerical examples.


Data prefetching is widely used in high-end computing systems to accelerate data accesses and to bridge the increasing performance gap between processor and memory. Context-based prefetching has become a primary focus of study in recent years due to its general applicability. However, current context-based prefetchers only adopt the context analysis of a single order, which suffers from low prefetching coverage and thus limits the overall prefetching effectiveness. Also, existing approaches usually consider the context of the address stream from a single instruction but not the context of the address stream from all instructions, which further limits the context-based prefetching effectiveness. In this study, we propose a new context-based prefetcher called the Global-aware and Multi-order Context-based (GMC) prefetcher. The GMC prefetcher uses multi-order, local and global context analysis to increase prefetching coverage while maintaining prefetching accuracy. In extensive simulation testing of the SPEC-CPU2006 benchmarks with an enhanced CMP$im simu-lator, the proposed GMC prefetcher was shown to outperform existing prefetchers and to reduce the data-access latency effectively. The average Instructions Per Cycle (IPC) improvement of SPEC CINT2006 and CFP2006 benchmarks with GMC prefetching was over 55% and 44% respectively.


In the multistage bubble column reactor with outside diameter of 0.3 m,the effect of sieve plates structure on the hydrodynamic parameters was studied with a double-sensor conductivity probe,and the parameters were compared with those in regular bubble column without sieve plates.The experimental results show that the radial distribution of gas holdup in multistage bubble column reactor is similar to the one in regular bubble column.The average gas holdup above and under the plate increases with the increasing of superficial gas velocity.In axial direction,the gas holdup under the plate is higher than the one above.The distribution of the holes on sieve plates influences slightly the dispersion of local gas holdup.But the diameter of the holes in plate can hardly influences the distribution of local gas holdup.


Demographic indicators for residents of an eight parish (county) region of Louisiana were analyzed to determine their impact on fear. Earlier studies reported a strong relationship between these indicators and high fear levels. The finding of the in‐mediate study shows a weaker relationship. Possible explanations for these results are offered.


The &egr;4 allele of apolipoprotein E (apoE) is a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease. The reduced antioxidant defense in &egr;4 carriers is suggested to contribute to &bgr;-amyloidosis. We found that oxidative stress induced by treatment with Fe2+ ions raised more protein carbonyls in vascular smooth muscle cells isolated from human brains with apoE genotype &egr;4/&egr;4 than with 3&egr;/&egr;3 and &egr;3/&egr;4. Antioxidant vitamin E prevented formation of carbonyls but not in cells with genotype &egr;4/&egr;4. Treatment with Fe2+ ions induced cellular accumulation of amyloid-&bgr; protein (A&bgr;)-immunoreactive material that co-localized with heme oxygenase, a marker of oxidative stress, and apoE. We hypothesize that the damage caused by oxidation in &egr;4/&egr;4 carriers facilitates development of &bgr;-amyloidosis.


The transformation of the market environment with an increasing demand for customer-specific products and shortened product lifeand innovation cycles confronts manufacturing companies with new challenges. In order to meet these challenges, iterative and flexible agile product development processes are increasingly being implemented. These tend to accelerate product development and achieve a higher degree of fulfilment of customer requirements. At the same time the increasing complexity of technical products and the decreasing depth of added value of manufacturing companies due to a major focus on core competencies have led to the fact that the integration of suppliers in product development has become a critical success factor. The increasing use of agile development processes has resulted in new requirements for the design of supplier integration, as there is a divergence from the established plan-oriented approaches. The aim of the paper is to concretize this divergence by identifying constituent characteristics of agile development processes for technical systems.


Drug molecular salt composed of the antihypertensive compound losartan (LOS) as the anion and the antihypertensive drug amlodipine (AMLO) was prepared.  The prepared salt (LOS-AMLO) was characterized by measurement of purity, water content, solubility, partition coefficient, and melting behavior in addition to common spectroscopic techniques (UV, FTIR and NMR). NMR spectral shifts of particular protons of LOS in particular were quite useful in explaining the points of interaction and association between the two ionic species so that a 3D structure could be proposed.  LOS-AMLO exhibited a significantly lower melting point than its parent compounds (65 oC) which places the salt within the ionic liquids category, in a broad sense of the definition.  LOS-AMLO was found to have much lower solubility than LOS with a substantially higher apparent partition coefficient.  The high partition coefficient together with lower melting temperature is favorable properties for the transdermal permeation of pharmaceuticals. However, diffusion studies through the human stratum corneum, from an aqueous solution based on propylene glycol revealed a vast decrease in the permeation of both drugs from the molecular (ionic liquid) salt form.  Interestingly the experiment demonstrated that the salt structure might be maintained during permeation but with indications of strong chemical interaction between the salt and the constituents of the barrier.


SnO2 based varistor ceramics, as new type of varistor materials, have attracted increasing interest around the world. However, the effect of B2O3 addition on novel SnO2 based varistors is still unclear. In this paper the effects of B2O3 addition on the electrical properties and sintering temperature of the SnO2-Co2O3-Ta2O5 system were investigated. The experiments revealed that addition of trivalent boron can improve the densification of SnO2 based ceramics. The samples doped with 0.025mol% B2O3 had the highest sintering density. However between 0mol% to 0.1mol% B2O3 addition region there was little effect on non-linearity and breakdown field of SnO2-Co2O3-Ta2O5 system. Obviously, the sintering temperature had a predominant influence on the SnO2-Co2O3-Ta2O5 system; the samples sintered at 1400°C were superior to those sintered at 1350°C.


The factory site of an old mustard gas plant was investigated with on-site analysis methods. Using ion mobility spectrometry and mass spectrometry a lot of degradation products of mustard gas could be detected. Sulfur mustard was found in one soil sample and in ceramic material of a bunker used for storage of the produced warfare agents. Concentrations of the mustard gas are in the sub ppb level. The results of ion mobility and mass spectrometry agreed in 95 % of the investigated samples.


holographically reconstructed holographic reconstruction system, the object elements of a scene that includes: • spatial light modulating means having a discreet encodable modulator cell structure which modulate at least one light capable of generating interference wavefront with a sequence of video holograms, • means of hologram preparation, - define for each object element in the modulator cell structure is a discrete hologram area whose size and position of data to the object position of the object element in the scene and of a current eye position (EP1, EP2, EP3) depend and calculate based on holographic information about the object element for each hologram area a term lens as well as necessary a prism term, and calculate coding data for the hologram areas, so that modulated partial light waves with separately reconstructed object elements and optical cones within a used diffraction order to one of the current eye position (EP1, EP2, EP3) dependent visibility region (VR, VR1, VR2) run - • control means, all modulated partial light waves with eye position data from observer's eyes to the current eye position (EP1, EP2, EP3) align so that all the partial light waves making the fully reconstructed scene in the visibility region (VR, VR1, VR2) visible and the eye position (EP1, EP2 , EP3) tracking during moving, said means for hologram preparation to calculate the coding data that all the partial light waves to the current eye position (EP1, EP2, EP3) run without light from parasitic diffraction orders penetrates the used diffraction order, and in which the hologram processing, the encoding the modulator cell structure at a position change of the eye position (EP1, EP2, EP3) changes to customize the view of the reconstructed scene to the changed eye position (EP1, EP2, EP3).


64 state quadrature amplitude modulation (64-QAM) can be generated by combining three 4-PSK signals, thereby allowing nonlinear amplifiers with smaller power ratings to be used. An optimum combination of amplifier power levels and combiner weighting is described which results in no lost power when the peak power state of the 64-QAM signal is being keyed.


This study aimed to produce a guideline for the social care educational game for the elementary school students which meet the criteria of accuracy, usefulness, simplicity and attractiveness. This was a research and development study adapted from Borg & Gall model by the data analysis technique using Wilcoxon. This study employed purposive sampling technique. The result of this study found that the guideline of social care educational game met the criteria of accuracy, usefulness, simplicity, and attractiveness for Elementary school students.