Polyester based polyurethanes were synthesized from low molecular weight polyester (Mn 2000) and 4,4′-methylene bis(phenyl isocyanate) (MDI) with butanediol as a chain extender and glycerol as a crosslinker. The polyester was synthesized from adipic acid and glycol which was a mixture of 1,6-hexanediol and 1,2-propanediol. The effect of the crosslinker content on the degree of H-bond formation in the hard segments and the physical properties of polyurethanes were studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermal mechanical analysis (TMA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and mechanical testing. The experimental results revealed that incorporation of a triol crosslinker into the hard segments of polyurethane results in a decrease of hard segment H-bond formation. The mechanical data indicate that the mechanical properties of polyurethanes depend on the concentrations of physical and chemical crosslinks and that there is an optimum concentration of triol crosslinker for the tensile stress and elongation properties. © 1998 Society of Chemical Industry


The aim of the study was to analyze various mating systems, mating dates, and the number of matings applied for farmed American mink in relation to resulting litter sizes. The observations were carried out on yearling females of two color varieties, Perl (P) and White Hedlund (WH), as well as yearling males belonging to four color varieties, namely P, WH, White Regal (WR) and Black Cross (BC). The color of the males was chosen so as to easily discern, which male sired which litter and what was the litter size resulting from the particular copulation date. The breeders were mated according to various mating schemes. The analysis revealed that if two matings were the case, most embryos conceived on the first date died.


The motor and sensory ocular status of parents and siblings of 20 patients with microtropia was studied and was compared with the findings in 16 control subjects and their families. The data thus obtained indicate an uncommonly high incidence sensory, motor, and refractive anomalies in families of microtropic propositi. These anomalies included heterotropias and various sensory defects such as diminished fusional amplitudes, eccentric fixation, anomalous retinal correspondence, and deficient stereopsis. Analysis of the pedigrees of affected families suggests that microtropia is not a primary congenital defect inherited in any simple mendelian manner, but rather is caused by multiple and independently inherited sensory and motor anomalies.


We describe new planetesimal accretion calculations in the Kuiper Belt that include fragmentation and velocity evolution. All models produce two power-law cumulative size distributions, NC ∝ r-2.5 for radii ≲0.3–3 km and NC ∝ r-3 for radii ≳1–3 km. The power-law indices are nearly independent of the initial mass in the annulus, M0; the initial eccentricity of the planetesimal swarm, e0; and the initial size distribution of the planetesimal swarm. The transition between the two power laws moves to larger radii as e0 increases. The maximum size of objects depends on the intrinsic tensile strength, S0; Pluto formation requires S0 ≳ 300 ergs g-1. The timescale to produce Pluto-sized objects, τP, is roughly proportional to M and e0 and is less sensitive to other input parameters. Our models yield τP ≈ 30–40 Myr for planetesimals with e0 = 10-3 in a minimum mass solar nebula. The production of several "Plutos" and ∼105 Kuiper Belt objects with 50 km radius leaves most of the initial mass in 0.1–10 km radius objects that can be collisionally depleted over the age of the solar system. These results resolve the puzzle of large Kuiper Belt objects in a small-mass Kuiper Belt.


Aimed at developing a highly active and stable non-precious metal electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), a novel FexNy/NC nanocomposite—that is composed of highly dispersed iron nitride nanoparticles supported on nitrogen-doped carbon (NC)—was prepared by pyrolyzing carbon black with an iron-containing precursor in an NH3 atmosphere. The influence of the various synthetic parameters such as the Fe precursor, Fe content, pyrolysis temperature and pyrolysis time on ORR performance of the prepared iron nitride nanoparticles was investigated. The formed phases were determined by experimental and simulated X-ray diffraction (XRD) of numerous iron nitride species. We found that Fe3N phase creates superactive non-metallic catalytic sites for ORR that are more active than those of the constituents. The optimized Fe3N/NC nanocomposite exhibited excellent ORR activity and a direct four-electron pathway in alkaline solution. Furthermore, the hybrid material showed outstanding catalytic durability in alkaline electrolyte, even after 4,000 potential cycles.


The paper,according to investigation of the developed course of Northwest cities from the Zhou dynasty to the end of the Qing dynasty,makes a brief probing on the formation,the developing course and the underlying mechanism by means of cultural geography and historical geography. The cities in Northwest China began to form in Zhou dynasty,and had a high development in Han and Tang dynasty. But they had a gradual declination from the mid Tang dynasty. This paper thinks that the Northwest cities have three kinds of formations,four kinds of developing courses and endings,with an understanding of the influential factors including cultural factor,social economic and natural factor. So it is very instructive and beneficial to make a thorough research on the courses and reasons of the cities formation,development and declination and to reveal the generating system and changing principles.


We reviewed 145 prim hip arthioplasties (in 120 patients, 69 men & 51 women) in which Omnifit Microstructured femoral stems (Osteonics, Allendali.', New Jersey) were used. They were followed up for an average of 4 years and 2 months (3 year and 3 months to 6 years and 3 months). The mean age of them at operation was 44 years(17 to 67). The diagnosis was osteonecrosis of femoral head in 85 cases, infection sequela in 34 cases, bony ankylosis in 9 cases, dysplastic hip in 8 cases, Legg-Perthes disease sequela in 4 cases, epiphyseal dysplasia in 2 cases, fracture sequelae in 2 cases and ankylosing spondylitis in 1 case. The everage Harris score was improved from 61.6 preoperatively to 90.2 postoperatively. The results were excellent in 92 cases(63.4%), good in 42 cases(29%), fair in 7 cases(4.8%) and poor in 4 cases(2.8%). According to the last follow-up radiologic findings, 141 cases (97.2%) were considered to be stable bony fixation and 4 cases to be stable fibrous fixation. There was no case of unstable fixation and revision. Nine cases(6.2%) of proximal neck vrack during insertion of this stem were occurred. Thirteen patients complained of thigh pain and it had no relation with the final radiologic fixation state. Long term follow-up result is mandatory for further evaluation and analysis of survival of hip arthroplasty using Omnifit Microstructured femoral stem.


A quartz tube atomic absorption spectrometric method for the determination of antimony by FI-HG was developed in which stibine (SbH3) was generated from the reaction between antimony in the injected solution and tetrahydroborate immobilized on a strong anion-exchange resin (Amberlite IRA-400). Several samples could be injected before the column was reloaded. The LOD (3s) in 4 mol l−1 HCl and 10% cysteine, and 4 mol l−1 HCl and 10% thiourea, were 0.55 and 0.54 μg l−1, respectively. The precision, expressed as %RSD (n
 = 5), was 5.9, 4.9, 3.8, 2.6 and 1.0 for 5.0, 10.0, 20.0, 40.0 and 60.0 μg l−1, respectively, in 4 mol l−1 HCl and 10%
 (m/v)
 L-cysteine; and 8.1, 5.0, 1.5, 1.2 and 1.4 for the same concentrations in 4 mol l−1 HCl and 10%
 (m/v) thiourea. The throughput was 60 h−1. Interferences from transition metals and hydride-forming elements, and signal suppression due to high ionic strength, were eliminated by the addition L-cysteine or thiourea to the samples, which also allowed the acid concentration to be decreased to 0.61 mol l−1. The method was evaluated by the analysis of spiked sea and well waters, for which no matrix effects were observed: the recoveries for 3.0 and 5.0 μg l−1 were 102% and 110–114%, respectively.


The authors' research addresses rational decision-making among anti-air units whose mission is to defend a specified territory from a number of attacking missiles. They present a decision-theoretic method that automated agents can use to select optimal communicative acts in this domain, given the characteristics of the threat situation. Since the communication bandwidth is usually limited in a battle field environment and disclosure of any information to hostile agents should be avoided, it is critical for a defending agent to be selective as to what messages should, or should not, be sent to other friendly agents. The work builds on their earlier work that uses the recursive modeling method (RMM) for coordination, and applies RMM to rational communication in the anti-air defense domain. They show how a defending automated agent can rank the values of alternative messages that could be communicated in a given defense situation. Further, they compare this ranking to communicative choices of human subjects under the same circumstances of the coordinated anti-air defense.


Purpose: This study evaluated changes in growth and nutritional status using the first basic and the second repeated surveys on children from North Korean refugee families who settled in South Korea.Methods: A total of 337 children were included in the survey. Using a structured questionnaire, the data collected included sex, date of birth, country of birth, date of entry to South Korea, and birth parents'nationality. The prevalence of stunting, underweight, wasting, and obesity were evaluated using the 2017 Korean National Growth Chart for Children and Adolescents.Results: The prevalence of stunting decreased from 7.9% in the first survey to 6.9% in the second survey; that of underweight decreased from 6.0% to 4.7%; and that of wasting decreased from 6.3% to 3.5%; however, these changes were not statistically significant. The prevalence of obesity significantly increased from 8.0% to 13.2% in the first and second surveys, respectively (p=0.037). There was no significant difference in the prevalence of malnutrition according to the length of stay in South Korea or the children's country of birth. However, the prevalence of obesity was significantly higher in children with longer lengths of stay and in those born in South Korea.Conclusion: Although children from North Korean refugee families have settled in South Korea for a long time, the rate of malnutrition is still high, and the prevalence of obesity continuously increases.


HEATING ELEMENT FOR USE IN A DEVICE THAT SMOKY, unburned, HEATED SCENT generating means within the device to produce an aerosol, VAPOR, OR FRAGRANCE THAT CONSUMERS CAN BREATHE. More specifically, a heating element LINEAR ELECTRIC POWER HAVING A RESISTIVE HEATERS plurality of segments, of which only one is active at any given time. In a preferred embodiment, the heating element is contained within a device so that segments HEATING ELEMENT indivuales are adjacent to the generating means FRAGRANCE. AS EACH HEATING ELEMENT SEGMENTS ARE PROVIDED energy generating means FRAGRANCE ADJACENT TO THAT SEGMENT heated, but not burnt. THIS WARMING CAUSES WHICH THE PRODUCE FRAGRANCE generating means A FRAGRANCE, AEROSOL, VAPOR OR THAT THE CONSUMER DEVICE can inhale.


A TREATMENT of the subject "The Limitations of Civil Service" il should not convey the impression that a civil service jurisdiction is devoid of merit. As is common in many branches of governmental agencies, there is no perfect method of handling the many functions incumbent with serving the public. Civil service is no exception. It is certainly recognized that there are outstanding advantages to the merit system when conscientiously and properly managed and applied. The topic to be discussed herein has been limited to facts which demonstrate that the present day civil service provisions, under governmental ownership, do have definite limitations which tend to impose hardships on operating functions of a municipal government. Comments will be aimed primarily at the effect of such limitations on an operating utility which serves water to a city of 1,500,000 population. No doubt many of the points presented herein will be common to most of the larger municipal jurisdictions in our country, as it is apparent that the charter provisions, creating civil service departments in so many American cities, have been made after the same pattern. Ordinarily, institutions such as water supply utilities have two principal objectives, i.e., the construction of works and the operation and maintenance of works. The subject will be treated with these two phases of the industry in mind, taken up in the order stated, followed by a summary of the limitations which affect a jurisdiction generally showing the effect of administration of civil service by political regimes imbued with the spirit of the spoils system.


In adults, sleeping after new learning enhances memory, but whether postsleep memory improvement occurs in infants is unknown. To examine this issue,


The purpose of this thesis was to supplement the existing knowledge of the impact of the road and the road environment on road traffic safety. The object of the study was road 850 between Falun and Svaerdsjoe. The variables studied were: road width, standard of intersections and adjoining roads, alignment standard and the unevenness and rut depth. The effect these variables had on the road traffic safety was examined. Interviews were also made with different categories of road-users to investigate their opinion of the road. Inspections, observations and analyses of the parts of road 850 that were most prone to accidents resulted in the formulation of proposals intended to enhance the safety of the road. The length of the study was 13 years and the evaluation showed that the most effective measure to reduce the number of injuries amongst pedestrians and cyclists is a physical separation within the road reserve between the unprotected road-users and motorised vehicles.


A year was counted when the moon had returned to the full for the tenth time: that number was then in great honor, whether because that is the number of the fingers by which we are wont to count, or because a woman brings forth in twice five months, or because the numerals increase up to ten, and from that we start a fresh round.


Smart home applications are fast becoming a staple of modern houses, leading to an increased interest in consumer electronics which enable the automation of common household tasks. However, high initial costs, complex solutions, and closed systems mean home automation is still out of reach for a large number of potential customers. A cheap, open, extensible solution is therefore a must if IoT is to become a standard option for modern homes. In this article, we present an innovative solution to this problem in the form of an IoT framework called qToggle: a system for interconnecting sensors, actuators, and other data sources based on open source solutions and easily accessible components. To give a practical example of the uses of the new framework, we implemented a smart irrigation system, which can simplify garden care, while reducing water and energy consumption. The article describes details of the design, instrumentation, and software (mobile application) for the real time control of this system.


Atenolol was determined in six pharmaceutical product of different manufacturer via the chemiluminescence system for the oxidation of Luminol-atenolol derivative in alkaline solution using continuous flow injection analysis using a sample of 85µl of Atenolol that was injected on a distilled water carrier stream which gave white blue which has max emission of 450 nm. A scatter diagram for the variation of Atenolol concentration versus chemiluminescence response was obtained; linear calibration graph for 0.1-20 mM.L-1 with C.O.D of 97.39% while L.O.Q of 257 µg/85µl with a L.O.D at S/N=3 was 113 ng/85µL via the gradual dilution for the lowest concentration in the calibration graph. The R.S.D% for 10mM.L-1 was 0.43% (n=10). The developed method for analysis was applied satisfactorily for the determination of Atenolol in pharmaceutical drugs using direct calibration graph and the standard addition method. It was found that the later was more representative in expressing the results via the recovery percentage as at was between 95.32-100.98% with no systemic error. A comparison was made between the classical spectrophotometric method and the new method for all six samples. Using standard addition method and paired t-test. It was found that there were no significant difference at 95% confidence internal i:e the newly developed method for Lu-OH--H2O2-Atenolol can be accepted as an alternative analysis method.


Thirty isolates of lactobacilli were screened for β-glucosidase production and isoflavones biotransformation. The isolates exhibited enzyme activities in the range of 0.14–3.31 IU. Five highest enzyme producers were assessed for isoflavones biotransformation potential in soymilk that varied greatly among the isolates with an increase of 2–3 fold in genistein and 6–14 fold in daidzein. The biochemical and molecular identification classified the isolates as Lactobacillus rhamnosus. Among isolates, L. rhamnosus D13 was the highest enzyme producer, while L. rhamnosus D7 was the highest isoflavone aglycone producer. Our results are distinct because of no proportional relation between enzyme activity and isoflavones biotransformation. The study further confirms that the degree of biotransformation of isoflavones is characteristic of an individual strain.


Cultural and creative products have strong cultural, artistic and regional characteristics, and are important carriers for the communication of the Grand Canal culture. Changzhou section of the Grand Canal, as one of the oldest river sections in China, has formed a rich and colorful cultural scene along the river through the development of previous dynasties. However, most of the existing canal cultural and creative products in Changzhou are simply copied, labelled and sold, lacking the cultural characteristics and cultural connotation of Changzhou canal. The development of cultural and creative products should focus on Changzhou's representative canal cultural symbols at the material and spiritual levels, the product design and story content, and the improvement of communication power.


Abstract : The Lorraine Campaign: An Overview, September-December 1944 originated at the U.S. Army Command and General Staff College as an introductory lesson to a course on corps operations. It is an adaptation of a narrated slide presentation used to provide students with a historical context on which to base their studies of current doctrine. The Lorraine Campaign, which included failures as well as successes, was chosen because it encompassed a variety of operations that involved such factors as logistics, intelligence, and weather. This overview serves as a point of departure for more in-depth studies, sets the stage for the analysis of unit operations from platoon to corps, and furnishes a useful reference for studying branch operations in battle. Repeated reference to this overview will give students an insight into specific operations or single branch actions. This study also provides a concise summary of Third Army operations in one of the World War II European campaigns. Officers beginning their studies of American military history will find that The Lorraine Campaign overview contains important lessons for soldiers in today's Army.


We investigate the observational constraints on the cosmic neutrino background (CNB) given by the extended $\Lambda$CDM scenario ($\Lambda$CDM $+ N_{\rm eff} + \sum m_{\nu} + c^2_{\rm eff} + c^2_{\rm vis} + \xi_{\nu}$) using the latest observational data from Planck CMB (temperature power spectrum, low-polarisation and lensing reconstruction), baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO), the new recent local value of the Hubble constant from Hubble Space Telescope (HST) and information of the abundance of galaxy clusters (GC). We study the constraints on the CNB background using CMB + BAO + HST data with and without the GC data. We find $\Delta N_{\rm eff} = 0.614 \pm 0.26$ at 68\% CL when the GC data are added in the analysis. We do not find significant deviation for sound speed in the CNB rest frame. We also analyze the particular case $\Lambda$CDM $+ N_{\rm eff} + \sum m_{\nu} + \xi_{\nu}$ with the observational data. Within this scenario, we find $\Delta N_{\rm eff} = 0.60 \pm 0.28$ at 68\% CL. In both the scenarios, no mean deviations are found for the degeneracy parameter.


It is somewhat difficult to write a paper on the navigation of aircraft without devoting a considerable part of it to going over old ground. The general principles of aerial navigation are in no way new. It is only in the application of the principles that progress has been made, and much of this progress has already been described. This paper should therefore be regarded merely as a general survey of the methods available and the conditions in which they may be employed.


The AN/SQS-510 is an adaptable, medium-frequency, hull-mounted or variable-depth, active sonar system that was created as a major re-design of the AN/SQS-505. It integrates the existing transmitter group, transducer, and hull outfit or towed body equipment with a new programmable digital receiver, incorporating the latest digital signal and display processing algorithms to create a modern high-performance sonar system. Copies area available from the publisher: Sterling Publications Ltd., 86-88 Edgeware Road, London, W2 2YW, U.K.


The Department of Energy (DOE) and NASA have identified Stirling Radioisotope Generators (SRG) as a candidate power system for use on long‐duration, deep‐space science missions and Mars rovers. One of the developments planned for an upgraded version of the current SRG design is to achieve higher efficiency by increasing the overall operating temperature of the system. Currently, the SRG operates with a heater head temperature of 650 °C and is fabricated from the nickel base superalloy 718. This temperature is at the limit of Alloy 718's capability, and any planned increase in temperature will be contingent on identifying a more capable material from which to fabricate the heater head. To this end, an assessment of material candidates was performed assuming a range of heater head temperatures. The chosen alternative material candidates will be discussed, along with the development efforts needed to ensure that these materials can meet the demanding system requirements of long‐duration operation in hostile ...


Fishermen in the coastal area of Kebunrejo hamlet, Alasrejo village, Wongsorejo sub district, Banyuwangi district are traditional fishermen. The boat used is a small boat with a sail. Catching fish is carried out by fishing line which is stretched out with strings. Storage of catches using simple foam boxes. The use of sail has weather problems that cause the total fishing trip travel time to be ± 5 hours. The amount of travel time and a simple storage box causes the freshness of the fish to be not optimal and the selling value is relatively low. Community partnership program activities are carried out with the aim of increasing the income level of fishermen with the application of diesel engines with propellers. The partners are 4 (four) fishermen. Activities carried out by designing, manufacturing and using a 24 Hp diesel engine with 2 blades brass propeller as a replacement for the sail driving power. The results of the activity show that the partners get technical benefits including improvements to boat propulsion device, increased speed of movement of boats at sea, relatively low fuel needs and operating costs, and income opportunities from actors in sea fishing tourism.


1 Funding for this project was provided by the National Science Foundation. The research in this paper was conducted while the authors were research associates at the Center for Economic Studies, U.S. Bureau of the Census. Research results and conclusions expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily indicate concurrence by the Bureau of the Census or the Center for Economic Studies . We are extremely grateful to Adela Luque and Sebastian Barletta for excellent research assistance and to Sebastian Barletta for help with the field interviewing process. We also thank Elinor Champion for comments on the final draft. The opinions and conclusions we express are our own, and do not necessarily represent those of the Bureau of the Census.


Experimental Video Art in China is an emerging art.It's generated with the advancement of technology and art concepts arising from the update, and in terms of its manifestations, or visual are given the audience a new feeling at Art Appreciation also giving a new inspiration.Just as photography and film at the turn of the last century are a major visual technical development, experimental imaging technology is a new century of the development of vision technology.Similarly, it will inevitably affect the development of contemporary art images.


This article establishes a theoretical model that sheds light on whether corporate support programs can foster employees' innovative behavior across nations and which national cultural dimensions moderate this relationship. To validate the arguments empirically, this research consists of two sequential, independent studies. The first study uses secondary data from the 2011 Global Entrepreneurship Monitor special report. Analysis of responses from 11,560 full-time employees in 13 countries shows that the relationship between support and innovative behavior is more positive when the nation's levels of power distance and masculinity are low and individualism is strong. A second experimental study is conducted in Germany and China using employees' individual behavior as the dependent variable and corporate support programs differentiated into three types of corporate support (providing time, providing budget, and providing advice) as the independent variable. Findings indicate that all three types of corporate support programs positively impact employees' innovative behavior in the sample from Germany, at least indirectly via feasibility and desirability judgments as mediators, but no significant relationships in the sample from China. This study contributes to the research stream on employees' innovative behavior and corporate support programs by adding national cultural properties as environmental factors. In addition, this study investigates the mediating effect of feasibility and desirability judgments between three types of corporate support programs and innovative behavior. This study also contributes to innovation research in general and to research on employees' innovative behavior in particular by building and validating a multilevel model empirically.


This article deals with the study of pedestrian behaviour in one-dimensional traffic situations. We asked participants to walk either in a straight line with a fast or slow leader, or to form a circle, without ever forcing the conditions of density. While the observed density results from individual decisions in the line case, both density and velocity have to be collectively chosen in the case of circle formation. In the latter case, interestingly, one finds that the resulting velocity is very stable among realizations, as if collective decision was playing the role of an average. In the line experiment, though participants could choose comfortable headways, they rather stick to short headways requiring a faster adaption - a fact that could come from a ``social pressure from behind''. For flows close to the jamming transition, the same operating point is chosen as in previous experiments where it was not velocity but density that was imposed. All these results show that the walking values preferred by humans in following tasks depend on more factors than previously considered.


The Port of Los Angeles has embarked upon a program to improve wave and current conditions at Fish Harbor, Los Angeles, California. To achieve this, field measurements (both wave heights and currents) for the existing harbor were obtained and analyzed and a physical hydraulic model for short-period wave tests and numerical models for harbor oscillation and tidal circulation were used to investigate the effects of proposed harbor improvements. The proposed improvements consisted of dredging deeper channels and berthing areas to accommodate the larger, deeper draft vessels using the harbor and the creation of landfills to provide for expansion of local industry. The physical model was constructed to an undistorted scale of 1:60, model to prototype, and included the entire harbor and approximately 1,500 ft of underwater contours to the south and east of the entrance. A 30-ft-long wave generator and an automated data acquisition and control system were utilized in model operation. A hybrid finite element numerical model (capable of calculating forced harbor oscillations for harbors of arbitrary shape and variable depth) was used to calculate harbor resonance at Fish Harbor. Four numerical finite element grids were used to compute wave-height amplification factors and normalized maximum current velocities associated with the harbor's response to incident waves ranging from 20 to 160 sec. A two-dimensional depth-averaged formulation of the hydrodynamic equations was used in the tidal circulation model, and an implicit-explicit finite difference scheme was used to numerically solve the equations. An optimum improvement plan was developed during the physical model wave tests. The plan met the established wave-height criteria and provided increased area for mooring small craft in the lee of the harbor breakwater. The results of the long-period prototype data analysis and numerical harbor oscillation study indicated a decrease in long-period wave energy for this optimum plan. The tidal circulation study indicated that changes in tidal circulation characteristics were limited to the vicinity of Fish Harbor and included a slight shift in flood and ebb flow patterns due to the breakwater location for the optimum plan. Tidal flushing in Fish Harbor was influenced by the optimum plan but was similar to existing conditions for successive low waters.


:Objective To compare thetherapeutic potential of 32P-chromicphosphate-poly L-lactic acid (32P-CP-PLLA) seeds onregional lymph nodes in the KM mice model of hepatoma H22 lymph metastasis afterintratumoral implantation. Methods Ascitic hepatoma cells (H22) were injected into rightfat pad to establish lymph metastasis model in KM mice. Fifty-five KM mouse models wererandomly divided into different groups (n=5 each) through 32P-CP-PLLA implantion orcolloid 32 P-chromicphosphate ( 32P-CP) intravenous injection. Different doses at 18. 5,37. 0 or 74. 0 MBq per mouse were used immediately after establishing the tumor models.Different injection time points of 3, 7, 10 or 13 days were used as well at the dose of 37MBq per mouse. Dynamic imaging was performed by γ camera. Thereafter, all of KM mice were sacririced to separate popliteal lymphnode (PLN) and inguinal lymph nodes (ILN). The dose- and time-effect relation was observedby lymph node weight, light microscopy and electron microscopy. Results γ camera imaging demonstrated thatthe implantation points in 32P-CP-PLLA group had a limited and lasting radioactive uptakewhile the quality was the contrary, better than that in 32P-CP group. At the same dose thecolloidal group had a higher radioactivity than the seed group. At the same dose, the PLNquality of seed group and colloidal group was not significantly different ( P > 0. 05 ); The ILN quality of colloidal group is less than seed group (P < 0.05 ). Seedsimplanted at different times, PLN quality is significantly different ( F=31. 268 ,P <0.01 ). Conclusion 32P-CP-PLLA seeds implanted into tumor targeting position is better than32P-CP. There is a therapeutic effect to the lymph node metastasis as well as thetreatment of tumor.

Key words:
32P-chromicphosphate-poly L-lacticacid; Carcinoma,hepatocelluar; Lymph metastasis


This chapter offers a novel theoretical approach to the ethical hazards arising from public-private interactions. It outlines the role that separation of powers plays in the public sphere, regulating interactions between different branches of government. Antitrust or competition laws play a parallel role in the private sphere, regulating interactions among corporations. Given these norms for addressing reciprocity and influence in the context of public-public and private-private interactions respectively, the chapter makes the case for analogous norms to govern public-private interactions. Rationales for public-private partnerships (PPPs) are analogous to claims that have been decisively rejected when offered as justifications for violations of separation of powers. These rationales similarly fail to justify the public-private partnership paradigm. If public health agencies wish to preserve their independence, integrity, and credibility, they should maintain arm's length relationships with industry. The chapter outlines a set of principles that can help public officials interpret existing norms (such as conflicts of interest policies) and develop new norms to govern interactions with the private sector.


Poguntano Herb Plants (Picria fel-terrae Lour.) contains flavonoids compounds that have been potentially to developed into immunomodulators. The purpose of this study was to determine the immunomodulatory activity of Poguntano herb extract (Picria fel-terrae Lour.), with the method of carbon clearance. n-hexane extract puguntano herb(ENHHP), extract of ethyl acetate of Poguntano herb (EEAHP), and ethanol extract of puguntano herb(EEHP) Poguntano multistage results in the test of immunomodulatory activity with a method of carbon clearance. Results showed that the EEHP 200 mg/kg BB showed a strong immunostimulation effect, EEAHP 200 mg/kg BB showed strong immunostimulation effect, ENHP 200 mg/kg BB demonstrated strong immunostimulation effect. It is thought that extract N-hexane herb Poguntano (ENHHP), extracts of ethyl herb acetate Poguntano (EEAHP), and herb ethanol extract Poguntano (EEHP) Poguntano herb may increase phagocytosis activity. Extract of ethyl acetate Poguntano herb 200 mg/kg bw (EEAHP) has the best phagocytosis activity with a value of 2.376 which indicates there is a significant difference (P < 0.05) with another treatment group.


In the saw blade protecting device of a table saw, in the past existing problem of the mounting frame that fixed relative to the blade is easy to loose. The invention provides saw blade protectors being able to fix the mounting frame onto the blade without loosing. In the invention, using frame shaft (20) to combine the mounting frame (11) with the blade (8), and screwing in the position regulating screws (27,28) of the front and back position of the frame shaft (20) to against the butt section (8b,8c) of the blade (8) so as to eliminate loosing of the mounting frame (11).


The liquid-and gas-phase products of methanol carbonylation reaction were analyzed by gas chromatography using a thermal conductor as detector and a 8/100 isophthalic acid + GDX-103 and Porapak-Q as chromatography column.The operational conditions and component correction factors of gas chromatography were determined.The method established was employed to analyze the products of methanol carbonylation in the catalyst activity measurements.It is proved to be a suitable method.


The detection of antigens, bacteria, and viruses for medical diagnostics and environmental monitoring requires the development of highly sensitive and selective biosensors. Conventionally, fluorescent immunoassays have been the primary detection platforms in complex environments, such as serum or whole blood. This technique is particularly successful due to its high specificity to the target molecule and the good signal-to-noise provided by the fluorescent molecule. However, because a dye molecule is required as a read-out mechanism, these approaches are not suitable for real-time, in-line monitoring of biological processes. In contrast, label-free optical sensors, such as those based on optical waveguides and resonant cavity devices, are able to detect the molecule itself, without the use of a secondary fluorescent probe. However, while many of these optical devices are inherently sensitive transducers, detection specificity is equally, if not more, important in many applications. Therefore, it is critical to improve the specificity of detection without degrading the device performance.


One of the biggest challenges for teachers face today is how to improve an enhance the reading com- prehension skills. Reading is an essential skill because most new knowledge is transferred either via print- ed or digital text .I addition to this, Reading comprehension is crucial for undergraduate students for their academic and professional success. They need excellent reading skills because they may be required to read different reading materials.Basic knowledge that, knows how to decode words,read text aloud,write neatly and spell accurately is simply not enough.In addition to these skills,students must have an adequate knowledge base, vocabulary, numerous meta- cognitive skills and abilities. The present work tries to study language skills of the student's Co-operative learning of Reading comprehension who are studying in undergraduate, which experimented with strategically and effective read- ing skills .The experiment resulted in motivation students to read text outside the syllabus. COVERAGE OF THE PRESENT STUDY The present work tries to study Reading comprehension skills of the students who are studying in undergraduate B.A degree program at college of Arts,King Saud Univer- sity, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.


The incorporation of low carbon concentration within the SiGe region of a heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT) can significantly suppress boron outdiffusion caused by a variety of subsequent processing steps. Thus, it provides greater flexibility in process design and wider latitude in process margin. We demonstrate almost ideal base current characteristics and cutoff, maximum oscillation frequencies of more than 70 GHz, and delays per stage down to 15 ps for ring oscillators with integrated SiGe:C HBT's.


Sinkhole attack is an active routing disruption attack in the routing layer of the mobile ad hoc networks. A sinkhole node attempts to entice all the network traffic towards it by broadcasting bogus routing information to other nodes in the network. On demand routing protocols such as dynamic source routing protocol and ad hoc on demand distance vector protocol are vulnerable to this attack. Sinkhole attack makes use of the route discovery and the route maintenance phases of these protocols. Sinkhole attack often facilitates other attacks such as blackhole attack, greyhole attack, wormhole attack and Sybil attack on MANETs. In this paper, we present a secondary cache based approach to prevent the sinkhole attack in DSR MANETs. The simulation results show that the proposed approach improves the performance of DSR even in the presence of multiple sinkhole attacks.


A facile process, laser irradiation on colloidal nanoparticles, was developed to modify the morphology of silver selenide (Ag2Se) nanostructures. The power density of pulsed laser was found critical on the temperature rise of the nanoparticles and then the final morphology of the product. Correspondingly, nanorods and nanosheres were obtained via solid phase transformation at a power density of 2.4 × 107 W cm−2 and via thermal decomposition at a power density of 5.2 × 1010 W cm−2, respectively.


We give an abstract version of Sierpiński's theorem which says that the closure in the uniform convergence topology of the algebra spanned by the sums of lower and upper semicontinuous functions is the class of all Baire 1 functions. Later we show that a natural generalization of Sierpiński's result for the uniform closure of the space of all sums of A and CA functions is not true. Namely we show that the uniform closure of the space of all sums of A and CA functions is a proper subclass of the space of all functions measurable with respect to the least class containing intersections of analytic and coanalytic sets and which is closed under countable unions (A and CA functions are analogues of lower and upper semicontinuous functions, respectively, when measurability with respect to open sets is replaced by that with respect to analytic sets). Let N denote the set of all natural numbers, Z the set of all integers and R the set of all real numbers. Let also R∗ = R∪ {−∞,∞}. C will stand for the classical Cantor set 2N. The family of all subsets of a set X will be denoted by P (X). For A ⊆ P (X) by Aσ, Aδ, As, Ad, A we denote, respectively, the families of all countable unions, countable intersections, finite unions, finite intersections and complements with respect to X of elements of A. Let r(A) stand for the algebra of sets generated by A. A family A such that A = Ads is a σ-class if Aσ = A, and a δ-class if Aδ = A. For A ⊂ P (Y ) and X ⊆ Y we define A|X = {S ∩X : S ∈ A}. Let now X and Y be any sets. For A ⊆ X × Y and x ∈ X let Ax = {y ∈ Y : (x, y) ∈ A}. If A is a family of subsets of Y a set A ⊆ X × Y is called a universal set for A if A = {Ax : x ∈ X}. 1991 Mathematics Subject Classification: Primary 04A15; Secondary 26A15.


Health education as an important part in the holistic nursing care, while the obstetric nursing health education as a predominantly nursing staff to targeted for maternal health education measures, at the present stage in our country, there exist many problems during the implementation, including lack of nurses' knowledge of obstetric care, lack of recognition, etc. Therefore, nursing staff should take positive and effective measures to ensure the effective implementation of the obstetrics nursing work.


(2009). Arabesque: Graphic Design from the Arab World and Persia, by Ben Wittner and Sascha Thomas. Design and Culture: Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 147-148.


Objectives: Intussusception is a common pediatric surgical emergency. The aim of the study is to present our experience in the only institute where pediatric surgery is carried out in the State of Qatar. Methods: All cases of intussusception admitted to Hamad Medical Centre, Qatar between 1988-1993 were evaluated. Results: Barium enema was used for diagnosis and primary management and reduction was achieved in 51% of cases. We had no mortality among our patients. Conclusions: Our results, on the whole, were comparable to the results reported from other centers.


In order to minimize the error of a measured quantity with respect to computer time, the distribution of trial moves and frequency of measurements in the Metropolis Monte Carlo simulations of fluids are studied. A simple theory based both on fluctuations of density described by the brownian dynamics and on the microscopic behaviour of a moving molecule is proposed and tested on the hard sphere fluid and Lennard-Jones liquid. Recommendations for practical applications of the simulations are given.


AbstractIn the present investigation, an attempt has been made to propose a lightweight backfill material using industrial wastes, namely quarry waste and granulated rubber. Granulated rubber was a...


Pure Quadrupole Resonance (PQR) of 139La in high Tc superconductor, (La1-xMx)2CuO4 with M=Ba, Sr, has been observed at zero external field between 1.3 K and 4.2 K. In undoped La2CuO4, the PQR spectrum is very complicated, reflecting the orthorhombic structure, while in the superconducting compounds, the spectrum exhibits a drastic change and becomes more simple due to the tetragonal structure. The alloying is suggested to be responsible not only for the change of crystal structure but also for the change of microscopic electronic state.


This paper reports the final results of research into weedy Sporobolous spp. grass control using fertiliser in coastal central Queensland. In 2014/2015 a single application of herbicide pellets, GP Flupropanate® (e.g. 86.9 g/kg flurpropanate, produced by Granular Products) was applied (label rate, 13kg/ha) across 4 ha at two sites located at Miriam Vale and Byfield. The Miriam Vale site was heavily infested (60%) with giant rat's tail grass (GRT) (Sprobolous pyramidalis), whereas at the Byfield Site contained 50% Parramatta grass (S. africanus). Half of each site also received an application of Nitrogen (N) and Phosphorous (P) fertiliser, after the herbicide was applied. A second application of fertiliser was applied a year later, and the Byfield Site received a third application of fertiliser in October 2017. The results of the Miriam Vale site were reported in 2015 (Reeve et al 2015) and this paper will focus on the results from the Byfield site.After the first fertiliser application, the pasture legume round-leaf cassia cv. Wynn (Chamaecrista rotundifolia) grew vigorously creating a mixed sward that also included humidicola (Brachiaria humidicola) and Parramatta grass. During winter, when this legume is most palatable, the mixed sward was readily consumed by cattle. After fertiliser was applied in the second year, 93% of the pasture dry matter was the improved and highly competitive tropical sown grass humidicola, compared to 40% in unfertilised area. At the same time, Parramatta grass accounted for 2.8% of the fertilised pasture, compared to 6.5% in the unfertilised and 50% in the unstocked and unfertilised area. After the initial application of herbicide, there has been very successful, herbicide free, control of the Sporobolous spp using commonly available fertiliser at economical rates that also resulted in increased pasture productivity and quality.


A method is described for the determination of 110 ppm of uranium in zirconium and Zircaloy. The sample is dissolved in hydrochloric and hydrofluoric acids, and the solution is evaporated to dryness. Uranium is extracted twice with 10% tributyl phosphate in carbon tetrachloride from an acid solution containing EDTA, ascorbic acid, and ammonium thiocyanate. After washing the organic phase, the uranium is back-extracted with 1M hydrochloric acid. The back-extract is evaporated to dryness, and uranium (VI) is reduced to uranium (IV) with zinc in hydrochloric acid solution. Oxalic acid and Arsenazo III are added, and the absorbance of the uranium (IV)-Arsenazo III complex is measured at 665 nm.Satisfactory results have been obtained in applying the proposed method to several standard samples.


A new prototype system, called the U-Rail system, has been developed for non-contact rail inspection. The development is the result of several years of collaboration between two companies, who intend to promote it in the North American market. It uses high-energy lasers to generate ultrasonic signals in the rail. The waves that are propagated through the rail are then analyzed. The article describes special components designed just for the new system and the range of AREMA profiles it is intended to service. New elements in the design include systems for precision correlation of signals and progressive inspection distance to accurately locate identified defects. Revenue service testing is scheduled and will involve comparisons between the prototype and current conventional ultrasonic inspection techniques. Illustrations include picture of raw data signals from a head inspection and real-time results.


ABSTRACT An increment in the quantity of services/goods manufactured per-head of the population over time denotes economic growth of a country. Exchange Rate Intermediate Regimes are unable to continue under conditions of capital movement. To examine the relationship between exchange rate regimes and economic growth. This study has kept its focus on the economic growth of a set of developing countries during the years (1974–2006). Fixed effects and pooled regression for 16 developing countries have been incorporated as the methodologies techniques for data. Analysis of data was performed through SPSS. A relationship between exchange rate regimes and economic growth has been identified through statistical approaches. The results indicated that as compared to flexible exchange regime, growth rate was higher by 1.2% when fixed exchange regime was adopted; and a growth rate of 0.64% was achieved under the intermediate regime when compared with the flexible regime. A positive impact has been identified in exchange rate regimes upon economic growth of the developing countries. Countries following the flexible exchange rates are facing scarcity for the existence of advanced financial systems, which deprives them of enjoying the benefits of flexible regime.


Optical-electronic system with operational amplifiers used for comparison of slowly varying sensor signals is considered. Methods of zero drift correction employed in such systems are analyzed. A new method is proposed which ensures compensation of output signal bias voltage.


The purpose at this study was to examine and understand shopping behaviors and body image among Korean females in U.S. Subjects for this research were 20 Korean housewives. They were interviewed for this study using an interview schedule. As a result, most at the subjects have enjoyed shopping in U.S. stores. They showed that they go shopping more often in U.S. than in Korea due to more time to shop. They considered refund policy and kind salespersons as th positive characteristics in U.S. stores, while they complained about size, quality, and style in even their favorite stores. Also, subjects tend to be dissatisfied with their bodies. Compared to how they feel in Korea, they especially feel lower body image and lower self-esteem in the U.S. Ninety percent of subjects considered their body affected their shopping behaviors. To compensate how they felt about their bodies, they responded that they limit or change clothing styles or colors when they shopped. Based on these results, socio-cultural body image regarding ideal beauty and shopping behavior would be discussed.


We investigate the discrete Painlevé equations (dPII and qPII) over finite fields. We first show that they are well defined by extending the domain according to the theory of the space of initial conditions. Then we treat them over local fields and observe that they have a property that is similar to the good reduction of dynamical systems over finite fields. We can use this property, which can be interpreted as an arithmetic analogue of singularity confinement, to avoid the indeterminacy of the equations over finite fields and to obtain special solutions from those defined originally over fields of characteristic zero.


This bachelor's thesis focuses on causes of drug addiction and social impacts of drug addiction in relation to family. It characterises drug scene in the Czech republic including state anti-drug policy. It explains the concept of drug addiction and deals with causes of drug addiction origination, especially in family environment. This thesis focuses on family relations affected by drug addiction and on social and legal impacts.


"First" portable electronic entity (100) includes a means for connection to the host station (105), it is loaded at least partially above the host station is performed by the host station described above, and a host station in cooperation with a server connected to the containing, a memory (120) storing instructions of adapted application (121) in order to execute a personalization of the "second" portable electronic entity (100). In an embodiment, the second electronic entity, in the embodiment where the first electronic entity, an application is at least partially performed by a first portable electronic entity. .FIELD 1


The tissues (leaves, barks and roots) of mangrove species ( Nypa fruticans, Rhizophora racemosa and Avicennia africana ) were screened qualitatively and quantitatively for phytochemicals (metabolites). Phytochemical analysis indicated presence of highly polar bioactive compounds (alkaloids, saponins tannins flavonoids and reducing sugar) in their tissues. The concentration of these compounds varied significantly (P<0.001). The highest concentrations of alkaloids and saponins were in A. africana, flavonoids and tannins in R. racemosa and reducing sugars in N. fruticans . The existence of these metabolites suggests the possible contributions and potentials of the mangroves to medicine and the environment. Keywords: Mangrove species, Metabolites, Polar bioactive compounds, Medicine.


All political parties in Germany agree that pollution controls by market instruments should become an increasingly important part of government regulatory activities. As environmental quality goals are sometimes in conflict with other objectives such as full employment, economic growth orprice stability, there arises the question of the economic impact of these activities. At the current state of the debate, the ecological reform of the German tax system should be neutral in its effect on the income distribution, on government budget deficit, on the international competitiveness of the German industry, on location decisions and to foreign direct investment. It should, of course, provide an incentive to conserve energy, to reduce discharge of waste to the atmosphere and water, to stimulate substitution in the structure of goods and inputs; and it should be a signal for world-wide effort in environmental policy. The objective of this paper is to identify and to measure the traderoffs between the various goals of environmental and economic policy. This requires information on the economic impacts of various environmental objectives. Since environmental quality programs have impacts on prices, and hence on supply and demand, a general equilibrium model with pollution specifications is an appropriate methodological approach to identify the economic impacts of pollution control policies. By integrating environmental variables directly into models of producers' and consumers' behavior, structural changes arising from environmental programs can be properly taken into account Such an approach models price-responsiveness on the demand side for consumption goods and production inputs as well as endogenous changes in factor incomes in a fully closed and consistent way. In contrast to the fixed-price approach in the Leontief model where abatement activities have in any case a positive impact on growth^ in a price-responsive approach higher abatement costs can dampen the growth effect or even reverse iL Incorporating environmental regulation and its impact in general equilibrium models has by now a twenty years long tradition. In 1970, LEONTIEF extended his input-output approach to quantify environmental repercussions on the economic structure. Since then generalized input-output programming models have been developed for quantifying environmental policy packages (see THOSS and DÖLLEKES [1974], THOSS [1976], MÜLLER [1979]). The shortcomings of these models like fixed coefficients in technologi-


There are some problems existing in the public English teaching in arts academy.For example,the teaching contents tend to be too difficult for the students to learn and the students' subjectivity has been developed to the full.To improve the teaching quality,we should choose the suitable teaching contents and reform teaching methods to expand the English class beyond 45 minutes by use of modern information technology.


ABSTRACT Research shows that social connectedness is decreasing and loneliness increasing in the United States, subsequently resulting in a health crisis due to the anxiety and depression these attributes can cause. There is evidence that clinicians have difficulty treating individuals experiencing social anxiety and there is need for intervention strategies that lower treatment barriers. There has been scant research recognizing the use of table-top role-playing games to incorporate when treating social anxiety. The current manuscript describes a year-long group using Dungeons and Dragons in a therapeutic setting and explores perceptions from participants who experienced this group. Core concepts of the model and lessons learned from the developers are described for clinicians who hope to incorporate such a model. Participants described increased confidence in social situations, particularly with boundaries or making mistakes. Secondly, the skills practiced in the game were transferred into real-world experiences. Implications for future research and limitations were described.


In 1877 the Italian astronomer Giovanni Schiaparelli reported (mistakenly as it turns out) the presence of canali on the surface of Mars. Despite the fact that canali means 'channels' in Italian it was commonly translated into English as 'canals', a word which carries with it the connotation that these features are man made. The mistranslation of Schiaparelli's word had a significant effect on public attitudes towards Mars, largely because of the work (and vivid imagination) of the American astronomer Percival Lowell. Beginning in the late nineteenth century, Lowell published a number of books on Mars (the last was entitled Mars as an Abode for Life) which described a vast irrigation system transporting water from the polar regions to the rest of the planet's surface. These ideas excited people's imagination. Soon after Lowell's first book appeared, H. G. Wells wrote his War of the Worlds and the concept of life on Mars (whether one believed in it or not) has been firmly embedded in the human psyche ever since. The idea that there is intelligent life elsewhere in the Universe is not a nineteenth century invention; it can be traced back at least to ancient Greece. However, it is only in the twentieth century that we have been able to step out from the realms of fantasy and to make scientific statements and predictions about the possibility of extraterrestrial life (XTL). Life on some distant planet need not resemble life on Earth but, if one wants to search for XTL, it is sensible to look for conditions similar to those which allowed life to evolve on our planet. All forms of life on Earth are dependent on an energy supply (almost always the Sun) and liquid water. Complex active life forms such as Homo sapiens also require free oxygen. The first step in the search for XTL is, therefore, an attempt to find environments where there is liquid water and the first place to look is within our own planetary system. Mercury (like our Moon) has no atmosphere and is just a barren piece of rock. Venus has a thick atmosphere of carbon dioxide which, because of the greenhouse effect, results in surface temperatures of about 4508C, well above the boiling point of water. Mars is rather more intriguing. Lowell's irrigation canals were a figment of his imagination, but photographs taken by visiting spacecraft show features which indicate that water did once flow on Mars' surface. This suggests that Mars once had quite a thick atmosphere, but the planet is very small (much smaller than the Earth) and as a result most of its atmosphere has escaped and the thin layer that remains is incapable of retaining sufficient heat to allow for liquid water. The temperature on Mars' surface is well below 08C, but there may well be frozen water beneath the surface and the possibility still exists that some forms of cold-resistant bacteria survive. Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune are basically large balls of gas and unsuitable for life, and beyond that there are just frozen lumps of rock. However, perhaps one of the best bets for finding life in our solar system is on Europa, one of Jupiter's many moons. Jupiter's gravity produces tidal forces which generate sufficient heat to keep the temperature underneath the surface on Europa above the freezing point of water and the moon appears to be encased by an ice-covered ocean of liquid water. Any life found in the Solar System will be primitive. To find intelligent XTL we must look further afield. Until recently we have not known for sure whether stars other than our Sun have planets in orbit around them, although it seems unlikely that the formation of the solar system was a unique event in the Universe. The first planets to be found outside the solar family were discovered in 1991, but because of their nature they are not suitable homes for life Author's address: Department of Mathematical Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, UK. Contemporary Physics, volume 44, number 3, May – June 2003, pages 265 – 267


Economic analysis can assist these decisions in three main ways to: 1. provide insights into the reasons why an issue (or problem) may exist at all, helping to identify whether an issue can be categorized as a spillover effect (i.e., externality), underprovided public good, market failure and/or government failure; 2. identify whether a problem is worth fixing by applying cost benefit analysis (CBA) to evaluate whether and how society would be advantaged by a policy change; and, 3. evaluate the impacts of alternative potential policy solutions (such as extension, information and suasion methods, regulations, changing property rights, positive and negative incentives, and market based instruments) to effect the change.


The aim of the paper is the reveal effect of the quartz particle size on the mechanical properties of the electroporcelain subjected to cyclic test. This paper describes the influence of quartz on the mechanical properties of electroporcelain. The amount of quartz was controlled during sample preparation. Eight groups of samples were manufactured by extrusion with the addition of 0, 1, 2, and 4 wt.% of quartz and two different quartz grain sizes of 200 μm and 64 μm. Samples were fired at the temperature of 1320 °C, which is a common temperature for this type of ceramics. Once the nominal value of mechanical strength for each group was determined, the samples were cyclically tested using 50% of the nominal mechanical strength. The samples were tested by a 3-point bending machine for obtaining mechanical strength. The obtained values exhibited, that with an increasing amount of quartz, the mechanical strength decreased. On the other hand, the amount of quartz did not have a significant impact on cyclic tests. The influence of the amount of quartz on the value of mechanical strength after 100 and 500 cycles was negligible. However, the quartz grain size had a significant effect on the mechanical strength. The smaller grain size of impurities led to a lower degradation effect.


ABSTRACT This paper supports a concerted effort towards validating an unstructured finite volume methodology for combined flow, thermal and stress analysis of turbine blades. In this part, CFD and conjugate heat transfer solutions are compared against measured surface pressure and heat transfer profiles on the C3X turbine. Sensitivities of the prediction to inlet turbulence levels and laminar-to-turbulent boundary layer transition are also presented.


The aim of this study is to determine an energy balance of common vetch, hungarian vetch and narbonne vetch production during the production season of 2015 in Bingol province of Turkey. The energy input in common vetch, hungarian vetch and narbonne vetch production have been calculated as 13060.72 MJ ha-1, 15767.22 MJ ha-1and 14769.73 MJ ha-1, respectively. The energy output in common vetch, hungarian vetch and narbonne vetch production have been calculated as 42048.22 MJ ha-1, 10051.33 MJ ha-1 and 11963.62 MJ ha-1, respectively. Energy usage efficiency, specific energy, energy productivity and net energy values related to common vetch, Hungarian vetch and Narbonne vetch production have been determined as 3.22, 0.64, 0.81; 5.46 MJ kg-1, 29.98 MJ kg-1, 21.98 MJ kg-1; 0.18 kg MJ-1, 0.03 kg MJ-1, 0.05 kg MJ-1 and 28987.50 MJ ha-1, -5715.89 MJ ha-1, -2806.11 MJ ha-1 respectively for each type. The total renewable energy input applied in common vetch, hungarian and narbonne vetch was 26.85, 20.42 and 29.69 per cent, respectively.


We enjoyed A practical approach to acute vertigo by Seemungal and Bronstein in the August issue. However, we disagree that the head impulse test "will only be positive in patients with vestibular neuritis"1 and so …


This paper studies the female characters in the Chinese classic Zuos Commentary (Zo Zhuan), brings to light the origin of their beauty, social status and struggle, as well as the social factors for these female images in literature, so as to highlight the literature significance of these female figures.


The ability to synthesize DNA and enter mitosis was studied in Balb/c and Swiss 3T3 cells, SV40 and MSV‐transformed 3T3 cells and revertants of these transformed cells in cultures of different serum concentrations and cell densities. Three ways were found by which cells were able to maintain a constant cell number in non‐permissive growth conditions: cessation of DNA synthesis, synthesis of DNA coupled with failure to enter mitosis, and the slow traverse of the cell cycle coupled with cell shedding.


The size of time slicing affects link prediction accuracy in pocket switched network (PSN), this paper proposes a network variation indicator slicing algorithm(NVISA) to determine it. The local network variation indicator is defined to characterize the degree of dynamic change of the network between adjacent time slices. In order to determine whether the sequence of local network variation indicator corresponding to different slice sizes is stable, stationarity test is used as filter. After that, the global network variation indicator is defined to characterize the topology evolution of the whole network under different slice sizes. Meanwhile, by determining the global network variation indicator interval (0.1, 0.3) and the value of 0.2, appropriate slice size can be determined. And the Encoder-LSTM-Decoder(E-LSTM-D) link prediction model is used to verify the slice effect. The experimental results show that, compared with some slice size commonly used on Infocom05, Infocom06 and Cambridge datasets, the one determined by NVISA improves the prediction effect 2.7%, 6.3% and 5.86% of the link prediction model. So the algorithm by this paper can effectively select the appropriate slice size.


The present invention describes a method for high reverse current of the solar cell and a solar cell burn burn out with a bypass diode. In one embodiment, a high reverse current of the solar cell having a tunnel oxide layer due to the calcined low breakdown voltage of the solar battery. Soak at high current solar cell may further reduce the voltage difference between the battery defect area and the non-defect area.


The property identification of solid waste was very important in imported solid waste management,which provides main technical support for supervision of imported solid waste.The identification institutions might meet a large number of problems in identification of imported goods.A rethinking on key issues in property identification of solid waste was made,including six key issues: the chief problem to be solved;how to use standards or criterions;three key nodes of identification;the judgment of process product;the characteristic analysis;and reprocess materials produced by waste.


The simulation and experimentation system of valve is introduced; the frictional moment of butterfly valve and ball valve is calculated on base of the analysis of ANSYS; the program of calculation is given,and analyze the generality of the program.


This paper presents the design of a smart car system based on the Freescale MC9S12SX128 processor. Infrared photoelectric sensor was used to percept the path information. The motor driving system was designed with the MOSFET circuit and controlled by the PID algorithm. With the speed feedback module and steering gear module, the smart car can run along the track steadily and rapidly.


While official discourse on history silences the violence witnessed by oppressed communities, Indian English fiction has been central in foregrounding 'silenced' voices. With the failure of the Nehruvian welfare-state manifest in post-Independence fiction, Indian English novel depicted the marginal 'others' whose presence gets erased from history. Meena Kandasamy's first novel, The Gypsy Goddess (2014), is a memorial text that addresses the erasure of violence against Dalits by enabling acts of remembering. A re-visitation of the Kilvenmani atrocity of 1968 in which 44 dalit labourers were burnt alive by landlords, The Gypsy Goddess, while providing visibility to dalits (both within and outside the text), also causes ethical dilemmas because of its self-reflexive and playful narrative. As an experimental novel depicts a gruesome massacre, this article aims to analyze the narrative disjunction in the text, to comment on the memorial practices that the novel partakes in.


This paper describes the demands placed on disc brakes by the modern generation of high-speed passenger trains, in particular the TGV of the French Railways (SNCF), and outlines how a new design of solid steel brake disc was developed in response to these demands. Modern engineering design and development methods such as CAD (computer aided design), FEA (finite element analysis) and large scale computer-controlled test rigs were used to refine initial design proposals to achieve a design which was substantially 'right first time'. Prototype equipment was delivered to the customer on time for vehicle trials in the passenger-carrying service, and discs of the production design are now being supplied for use on the TGV.


Background The prevalence of burnout remains troublingly high among clinicians in the United States, especially in primary care. National health care goals have expanded to include the concept of the "quadruple aim," with a proposed fourth aim being sustainability of practice for clinicians (including physicians and advance practice clinicians such as nurse practitioners and physician assistants) and staff. Employee engagement is frequently regarded as the inverse of burnout. However, cases have been observed among health care workers meeting the criteria for burnout whereas still deeply engaged in the care and treatment of their patients. Although many health systems use employee engagement measures such as the Net Promoter Score, the Gallup 12 survey, or the Utrecht Work Engagement Survey as a metric of organizational This article was externally peer reviewed. Submitted 1 October 2020; revised 8 December 2020; accepted 21 January 2021. From the Center for Excellence in Primary Care, Department of Family & Community Medicine, University of California, San Francisco (RW-G, MK, BH, HH, CK, KG); School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley (MK); San Francisco Department of Public Health (HH); UCSF Health, University of California, San Francisco (CK). Funding: This project was supported by grant number R03HS026067 from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. Conflicts of interest: None. Corresponding author: Rachel Willard-Grace, MPH, 1001 Potrero Ave., Ward 83, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110 (E-mail: email@example.com).


Howard Raiffa, a leading figure in decision analysis, has long urged its application to medical decisions: doctors, he suggested, should fill in the probabilities and patients their own utilities.1 Protheroe and coworkers report a demonstration of how Raiffa's recommendations might be applied. My comments are an attempt to adapt this approach to clinical practice.

The authors used a simple decision tree that illustrates their points but passes over crucial considerations in arriving at both the probabilities and the utilities. Their probabilities for stroke are taken from published frequencies for patients given a diagnosis of atrial fibrillation (AF). This diagnosis lumps together patients without symptoms, like myself, who may have had only a few seconds of documented AF, with patients suffering palpitations or longer periods of AF. It also lumps together patients who have other risk factors for stroke with those who do not. But warfarin may be no more effective than aspirin in preventing strokes in patients with AF that have no other risk factors.2 Perhaps the probabilities should be filled in by a doctor familiar with both the relevant medical literature and the patient's own condition.

With regard to utilities, input should be sought from someone who knows the patient and who has observed how similar patients have handled the consequences. My internist was able to assure me that warfarin therapy would require less change in my lifestyle than I had imagined. A huge change in my lifestyle would have greatly lowered my utilities for all outcomes of treatment. Some patients with AF might exaggerate the nuisance of the initial period of testing. Estimating future utilities—how it would feel if certain conditions came to pass—is complicated by the difficulty of understanding how the relevant contexts or standards will have changed.3 For example, people often estimate that confinement to a wheelchair would be a fate worse than death, but victims of accidents who become paraplegic can make astonishingly rapid adjustments to their changed circumstances, reporting that they are "happy to just be alive" and indeed as happy as they were before their accident.4

Although Protheroe and colleagues showed that their procedure can be used to measure patients' utilities, its complexity is likely to dissuade practicing physicians from attempting this form of decision analysis. Fortunately, the same information about patients' utilities can be obtained more easily using simple rating scales.5 For example, the patient rates each outcome on a 9-point scale from "1—Extremely Bad" to "9—Extremely Good." Unless the decision tree has many branches, a computer is not needed to record these ratings or to perform the simple arithmetic calculation of the expected utilities. By using a prepared form that deletes improbable outcomes, the physician might accomplish the entire procedure in less than 5 minutes.

Demonstration by Protheroe and coworkers that patients can participate meaningfully in their medical decisions should encourage simpler procedures for using what patients know about their own utilities.


This special section is devoted to the latest research advances in cyber-physical security and privacy of smart grids. A smart grid integrates advanced communication technologies and efficient bi-directional energy dispatch into the physical grid with the goal of achieving effective and efficient power management. However, the integration would make the mission-critical energy infrastructure more vulnerable to a wide variety of malicious cyber-attacks. Therefore, it is imperative to investigate the critical threats to the smart grid cyber-physical security and privacy, as well as to propose effective countermeasures to improve security and resilience of the smart grid.


Huiyin (Drinking Party)2, a Chinese translation of Plato's Symposium by Liu Xiaofeng (1956) came out in 2003. This translation was the loose stone that triggered an avalanche of the interest in Western Hellenic works among Chinese intellectuals in the 2000s. By the end of the decade this wave of interest coalesced into a group of Chinese scholars bound together by their distinctive views on the Greek classics and by the intensity of their abiding fascination with the neo-conservative thinkers Leo Strauss and Carl Schmitt. Owing to the efforts of Chinese scholars inspired by Liu Xiaofeng's translation, Huiyin's publication was followed by a succession of translations of Platonic dialogues and commentaries. This body of work is now collectively referred to as "Platonic opera Omnia cum commentariis in Chinese Translations" (Complete works of Plato with commentaries in Chinese Translations) and forms a part of an even more comprehensive translation project entitled "Hermes: classici et commentarii" (Hermes: classics and commentaries) which was started in 2000 and has published approximately 350 books by early 2015. Liu Xiaofeng received his master degree in philosophy at Peking University in 1980s and Ph. D. in theology in Europe in early 1990s. He established his academic reputation in the 1980s by participating in cultural debates on how to view cultural differences between the East and the West. He is the chief editor of the Hermes series and a major figure in introducing Plato in conjunction with Leo Strauss to China's intellectual community. Liu's Huiyin remains influential because it provides succeeding translations and commentaries on Plato and other Western classics with a model for both format and content. Huiyin is the first translation in the influential translation project known as Hermes, but by no means the first translation of Plato in China. Before Liu's translations, there were already several other versions of Plato's Symposium in the Chinese language. Furthermore, even after Liu's Huiyin, Wang Taiqing introduced another translation of Symposium in 2004.3 However, Huiyin is unique compared to other translations of Plato outside of the Hermes series. Of all the translations of Plato, Huiyin alone has become a foundational text of an intellectual and political campaign. This book is both representative and illustrative of the intellectual outlooks of Liu and his supporters, who stand united around their Straussian political philosophy and Straussian approach to the classics. Additionally, even compared to the other books of Hermes, Huiyin also stands apart as the most thorough piece of work. Huiyin boasts the most comprehensive


Introduction: Following application of microspheres (MS) into the left atrium, MS deposition is considered to be the gold standard for determination of organ and local tissue perfusion. When assessing myocardial deposition of MS in individual tissue pieces of e.g. 250 mg, a substantial variability of local deposition density is seen (CV 0.34), with about 10% of myocardial voxels displaying less than 50% and another 10% more than 150% of the average MS deposition, indicating major differences in local flow under physiological conditions. Due to averaging effects, this heterogeneity is only partially seen at lower spatial resolution. So far, little information is available on the local deposition pattern of MS at a high spatial scale. In the past, it has been inherently difficult to correlate MR based measures of local perfusion with MS deposition, since conventional fluorescent MS require tissue sampling. Using microspheres that could be visualized by MR would overcome this obstacle. Purpose: The purpose of the present study therefore was to obtain a 3-dimensional description of the deposition pattern of fluorescent MS in the ventricular myocardium, and to relate its pattern to that of MR visible iron-oxide-labeled MS. Methods: In 16 anesthetized open-chest dogs, 15mm microspheres were applied into the left atrium. In one series of experiments, differently colored, fluorescent MS (FMS) (0.25 10/kg) were applied sequentially (every 30 min) to determine the temporal stability of the local deposition pattern. In a second set of experiments, iron oxide labeled MS (IMS) (1 10/kg) were given and its deposition pattern imaged by in vivo MR. At the end of the experiment, the hearts were excised and high resolution in vitro 3D data sets for IMS and FMS obtained by MR and fluorescence imaging (500 and 40mm voxel size, respectively).


Objective To investigate the expression and significance of heme oxygenase-1(HO-1) in gastric adenocarcinoma and its peritoneal metastatic tissues, as well as drug-resistant cell strains. Methods The expression of HO-1 in patients with (n=68) or without (n=46) peritoneal metastasis of gastric adenocarinoma was examined. The expression of HO-1 in cancerous tissue, peritoneal metastatic foci, and normal peritoneum was detected by immunohistochemistry. The expression of HO-1 protein in metastatic foci and drug-resistant cell strains was measured by Western blotting. Results The positive expression of HO-1 was 39.7% (27/68) in gastric adenocarcinoma tissues with metastasis and 41.2% (28/68) in peritoneal metastatic tissues, which was significantly higher than that in normal peritoneum (0%,0/68,P<0.01) and gastric adenocarcinoma tissues without metastasis (21.7%, 10/46, P<0.05). The Western blot study showed that the HO-1 expression in metastatic tissues was higher than that in normal peritoneum (P<0.05). The expression of HO-1 protein was markedly increased in GC9811-P drug-resistant cell strains compared with its parental cell strains (P<0.05). Conclusions The increased expression of HO-1 may be involved in the peritoneal metastasis of gastric adenocarcinoma, and related to the malignant potential. The underlying signal pathways in neopastic epithelium may also be related to the multi-drug resistance.

Key words:
Stomach neoplasms;  Neoplasms metastasis;  Hemeoxygenase-1;  Drug resistance, multiple


The interconnection of morpho-functional changes of liver and cellular capacity to synthesize RNA and DNA in condition of the acute liver failure (ALF) and after the administration of the newborn allogenic hepatocytes (NAH) was studied by the autoradiographic method. The administration of NAH prevents, in part, the ischemic cell death and is efficient in the stimulation of the liver regeneration in ALF; it increases metabolic and proliferative activity of hepatocytes as well as of reticulo-endothelial cells.


This paper utilizes Bayesian methods to estimate the cumulative failure probability.Firstly the least square method is used to calculate the two Weibull distribution parameters,and then Weibull distribution is applied to calculate its reliability.Based on a group of test data calculation and analysis,the results show that this method accords to the information of experience,and is able to meet its performance requirements.


The study of breast cancer in women with African ancestry offers the promise of identifying markers for risk assessment and treatment of triple‐negative disease.


The telescope mount is an important component for the success of the Southern Observatory for Astronomical Research (SOAR) scientific mission. The SOAR telescope structure must have the best combination of extremely high structural stiffness, low torque bearings, sophisticated encoder pick-offs and smooth drive trains so that the servo system can achieve closed loop control in the sub-arc second regime. While challenging, these parameters are achievable. Once assembled, this mount will enable the telescope to have superior image viewing quality and large payload capacities. This paper will address the telescope mount structure, drive system performance, structural analysis and thermal design.


ABSTRACT The web is breaking down barriers for diverse narrative screen content creators in Australia, enabling them to bypass screen gatekeepers such as television commissioners and film funding bodies. Diverse web series creators can develop memorable characters and stories and build audiences that may lead to subsequent funding.Australian screen commissioners are risk adverse so when a creative team have a successful web series with a loyal audience, doors may open a little more readily for them.The web has allowed for more diverse narrative screen stories in Australia as female, multicultural, LGBTQIA+, indigenous, disabled and marginalized creators have been empowered to create low budget and successful web series.Further, Australian federal and state film funding bodies and several television networks have now recognized the need for diversity on Australian screens and have developed diversity statement requirements within their charters and initiatives that aim to support work from diverse writers, currently under-represented on screen.Using multicultural series, Superwog, along with popular female series', The Katering Show, Skitbox, Starting From Now and Homecoming Queens as examples, this article discusses how the web series provides a viable proof of concept for diverse creators, potentially leading to web or television series commissioning.


Clonal dominance is a phenomenon that occurs when descendants (i.e., clones) of one or more founder cells in an organism contribute disproportionally to the system's final structure as the tissue grows. This phenomenon is associated with numerous biological processes, including bacterial growth and the genesis of tumors. While numerous studies have investigated clonal dominance, its origin is still is poorly understood.


An apparatus for generating a time synchronization type OTP(On Time Protocol) in a portable phone and a method thereof are provided to solve an error of a time synchronization type OTP number by preventing a time error with a financial organization server by generating the OTP number based on standard time information transmitted through a base station by a satellite. An apparatus for generating a time synchronization type OTP(On Time Protocol) in a portable phone comprises an IC chip(10), a memory(5), a cryptoanalysis unit(8), a time counter(3), an OTP generation module(7) and a controller(2). The IC chip(10) stores a serial number and a secret key encrypted for generating the OTP, and is installed at an IC interface(9) arranged in a battery mounting seat(11) of the portable phone. The memory(5) stores a downloaded OTP program. The cryptoanalysis unit(8) deciphers the serial number and the secret key of the IC chip(10). The time counter(3) counts standard time information offered by a base station. The OTP generation module(7) generates the OTP number by applying the standard time information, the serial number and the secret key as a key value of the OTP program stored at the memory(5). The controller(2) converts a current mode into an OTP generation mode, requests inputting a user authentication number for the user authentication, generates the OTP number by driving the OTP generation module(7) if the user is determined to be legal, and displays the generated OTP number via a display unit(6).


Applications of the principle of reduction of couplings to the standard model and supersym-metric grand unified theories are reviewed. Phenomenological applications of renormalization group invariant sum rules for soft supersymmetry-breaking parameters are also reviewed.


Background Stress has been recently implicated as a contributing factor of hand eczema (HE) severity. However, published data are both rare and contradictory justifying the need of further research. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relation between stress and HE severity. Methods This is a cross-sectional study enrolling all patients who have been attending the Dermato-allergology unit of Farhat Hached University Hospital of Sousse over a period of one year. The HE severity was assessed by the Osnabrück Hand Eczema Severity Index (OHSI). The stress level was assessed by the Perceived Stress Scale-10 (PSS-10) in its validated Arabic version. Results During the study period, 109 participants meeting the inclusion criteria were identified. The mean age was 40 ± 9.9 years with a sex-ratio of 0.8. Severe eczema was found in 76 participants (69.7%). A high level of perceived stress was found in 18.3% of cases. A statistically significant association was noted between HE severity and the high level of perceived stress (p=0.039, OR = 4.46, 95% CI [0.96–20.59]) and the number of dependent children ≥3 (p=0.0039, OR = 1.92, 95% CI [0.51–7.22]). Leisure activity was found to be a protective factor against HE severity (p=0.031, OR = 0.27, 95% CI [0.09–0.80]). Conclusion Although the link between the severity of eczema and atopy, wet work, and contact with irritants and allergens is well known, the relation remains questionable for other factors including stress.


A 67-year-old woman with acute promyelocytic leukaemia began treatment with idarubicin at 20 mg on Day 1, 3 and 5, combined with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) at 40 mg every 12 hours. On Day 11, she presented with many clear superficial blisters, without inflammation, 1-2 mm in diameter, diffusely affecting the trunk and arms. The blisters were fragile and appeared as water droplets (figures 1A, B). Dermoscopy showed clear circular features with ring enhancement that resembled soap bubbles (figure [...]


Due to an intense necessity of performing erection and maintenance works on the overhead electric lines with a track parallel to working overhead electric lines it becomes more and more imperative to determine as exactly as possible the currents and voltages to be induced in the overhead line conductors undergoing the induction. Applying the IEEE 524-2003 standard for calculating the induced measures will not solve the problem correctly, which asks for stating another algorithm for this purpose.


On admission, to the higher structured closed ward the patient is involved in a multi-level treatment program. The first phase of treatment involves encouraging the patient to give up the former system of manipulation and/or attention seeking, and replace it with constructive endeavours. The patient's part in moving through the multi-level program involves working through increasing levels of responsibility.


The purpose: is to define parameters, criteria of the language test which will provide objectivity, correctness and reliability of the control objectivity, correctness and trustworthiness of students` knowledge. The topicality Вестник КГУ им. Н.А. Некрасова 232 Y 2010, Том 16 of this subject matter is in necessity of creating objective, correct and qualitative language tests for estimating students` knowledge and abilities. They should be constructed so that they prevent errors in estimation, i.e. be precise. The methodology: language tests for defining various skills of students abilities and skills: tests of oral communicative proficiency, written ability, conversationinterview, cloze-tests, interviewing conversation, multiple choice. The obtained results: it was defined that a language test is a measuring tool of control of study process. To have a test as a trustworthy device of knowledge control, it should correspond to following criteria: practicability, upbringing value, trustworthiness, validity (substantial, external, construct).


The Co-doped CaO nanopowder was prepared by solid-state synthesis method.The structural and magnetic properties were investigated.X-ray diffraction and high resolution transmission electron microscopy studies show single-phase cubic CaO and distinct contraction of the lattice with Co doping,indicating an actual incorporation of Co ions into the CaO lattice.The magnetic studies show that the Co-doped CaO nanopowder displays a clear ferromagnetism behavior with the critical temperature higher than 70 K.The analysis suggests that the ferromagnetism is induced by the bound magnetic polarons due to O vacancies and Co ions coupling.


The invention discloses a method for preparing a 0.85nm hydrated kaolinite by direct replacement intercalation, which comprises the following steps: preparing a mixture of a urea/kaolinite intercalation compound and excessive urea by a grinding-subsequent heat treatment process; washing with deionized water to remove the excessive urea, thereby obtaining a urea/kaolinite intercalation compound; and finally, adding the urea/kaolinite intercalation compound into hot water, stirring for a few minutes, and carrying out centrifugal drying to obtain the 0.85nm hydrated kaolinite. The 0.85nm hydrated kaolinite prepared by the method disclosed by the invention can stably exist in air for a long time, and can be used for preparing precursors of other kaolinite intercalation compounds. The adopted raw material does not pollute the environment; and the preparation technique is simple and quick, has the advantage of low cost, and can easily implement industrial production.


Despite the importance of marriage as a basic social institution, there has been little analysis of the relationship between marriage and obesity. This paper reviews work on the prevalence of obesity by marital status; factors associated with obesity as a criterion for entry into marriage; the similarity of fatness in marital partners; changes in weight in relationship to marital problems; and the relationship between obesity and marital termination. The application of knowledge about marriage and obesity to weight loss therapy is also considered. More research is needed to specify the extent, form and dynamics of the relationship between obesity and marriage.


Wolbachia are intracellular α-proteobacteria that have a wide distribution among various arthropods and nematodes. They affect the host reproduction favoring their maternal transmission, which sets up a potential conflict in inbreeding situations when the host avoids sexual reproduction preventing inbreeding depression, while Wolbachia pushes it. In this study, we used the wasp Habrobracon hebetor to test the hypothesis that Wolbachia modulate inbreeding avoidance behaviour and promote sib mating. To test this, we first cured wasps of Wolbachia using tetracycline treatment and produced infected and uninfected isolines. Then, we paired the uninfected and infected females with sibling (inbred) and non-sibling (outbred) males in choice and non-choice experiments. Our results showed no obvious precopulatory inbreeding avoidance in this wasp as brother-sister mating rates (in both choice and nonchoice experiments) were not significantly different form non-sibling pairs, regardless of Wolbachia infection. However, our results indicated that H. hebetor shows a strong postcopulatory inbreeding avoidance behaviour that results in a low fertilization rate of uninfected siblings and therefore high rate of production of male progeny was obtained. We observed higher rates of fertilization success in the Wolbachia-infected lines that resulted in significantly higher female progeny production compared to the uninfected sib mates. Since diploid females are the result of successful fertilization due to haplodiploidy sex determination system in this insect, our results indicate that Wolbachia promoted fertile sib mating in H. hebetor. Interestingly, the rate of adult emergence in the progeny of Wolbachia-infected sib mates were almost similar to the non-sib mate crosses and significantly more than those observed in the uninfected sib mate crosses. We support the idea that Wolbachia modulate inbreeding avoidance and promote sib mating and also mitigate inbreeding depression. The wasp Habrobracon hebetor siblings infected with Wolbachia show higher rates of fertilization success and higher adult emergence rates compared to the uninfected sib mates. By promoting successful sex with siblings and increasing the probability of female progeny, Wolbachia enhance their transmission to the next generation and also mitigate inbreeding depression. This is an undescribed effect of Wolbachia (symbiont) on the host reproduction.


RG is an image processing system that allows sophisticated image processing operations to bedefined by composing primitive image processing filters. An implementation of RG using OOPis easy to do and quite manageable, but its performance is severely lacking. The OOP approachturns out not to be well-suited to addressing the performance problems because the performanceissues we want to handle do not respect object or method boundaries and cannot be effectivelyaddressed in a paradigm tied to those boundaries. Aspect-oriented programming is an approachdesigned to handle complexities arising from such cross-cutting issues. This paper presents acase-study of how this limitation of OOP was overcome using aspect-oriented programmingtechniques, such that the performance problems were adequately addressed withoutcompromising the original OOP architecture of the system


Abstract. This research is a classroom action research  that aims to improve the students' learning outcomes of IPA in class VII A, through the Iqro' learning model with support of video media in SMP Negeri 2 Amali at Bone regency. Subject of this research consisted of 18 students of class VII A of SMP Negeri 2 Amali consisting of 10 men and 8 women in the second semester of the 2018/2019 academic year. This research was conducted in two cycles with six meetings. The data retrieval of students' learning outcomes is done in the end of every cycle. Technique of data collection in this research used instrument in the form of a test of learning outcomes in the form of multiple choice consist 25 numbers. The data obtained were analyzed using descriptive statistical analysis. The result of data analysis showed that the average value of students learning outcomes increase from 70,78 in the end of cycle I increase to 85,11 in cycle II. The completeness of students' learning outcomes in the end of cycle I 61,11% and become 88,89 in cycle II. It can be conclude that the Iqro' learning model with video media improve the students' learning outcomes of IPA in class VII A SMP Negeri 2 Amali at Bone regency. Keywords: iqro' learning model, video media, learning outcomes


The mortgage market of recent years has been a frustrating one for everyone concerned: escalating interest rates withered the sales market, pushed home ownership beyond the reach of many consumers, and forced many mortgage lenders to reevaluate the wisdom of reliance on conventional, fixed-rate, fully amortized mortgage loans. Congress indicated its earnest desire to free housing funds and to remove unnecessary barriers to competition when in 1980 it preempted state usury laws for most mortgage transactions. The year 1 982 saw Congress take two more giant steps in the same direction. The balance of this article addresses these most recent federal interventions, which removed state restrictions on the exercise of due-on-sale clauses and accorded to all mortgage lenders parity with federally chartered lenders in making adjustable or variablerate mortgages. Federal preemption of long-established and widely varied state laws is never an easy exercise. It involves a significant question of policy: Should the federal government impose a national rule in derogation of state law? It also involves considerable skills in draftsmanship and execution, so that the federal preemptive rule is clear, fair, and conducive to marketplace improvement. Needless to say, the recent legislation raises both issues.