The accurate determination of residual strain/stress in thin films is especially important in the emerging field of MEMS/NEMS. In this paper, a focused ion beam (FIB) Moire method is proposed and demonstrated to measure residual strain/stress in microstructures. This technique is based on advantages of the FIB system in nano-machining, in-situ deposition, imaging, and fine adjustment. A nano-grating is directly written on the top of the microstructures by ion milling without any etch mask; the FIB Moire pattern is formed by the interference between a prepared specimen grating and raster scan lines. Since the local strain of a microstructure itself can be monitored during the process, the FIB Moire technique has many potential applications in the mechanical metrology of MEMS.


An automatic data-based revision method of probabilistic multi-attribute decision models is proposed. Data-based revision of decision models is defined as follows: given an existing model and a set of data items, revise the model to match the data items. We propose and experimentally evaluate a method for the revision of probability distributions in qualitative hierarchical multi-attribute models of DEX methodology. The revision method is automatic, but limited to the modification of probability distributions in utility functions. The method is experimentally evaluated in an artificial domain. In all experiments, the classification accuracy of the revised model was improved and the changes of the model correctly reflected the simulated changes in the decision environment.


We develop an Excel® Add-In that automates the evaluation and visualization of measures of risk and error (MORE) for performance measures that change over time. We use an example with a non-stationary arrival process to demonstrate the applicability and importance of a such tool. The tool takes raw simulation output, automatically calculates the pertinent MORE values, and generates side-by-side MORE plots for different time ticks according to a user-specified interval to characterize how the mean and percentiles of a time-dependent statistic and their corresponding confidence intervals change over time. The ADD-MORE tool significantly reduces the burden on the simulation analyst and can potentially have a high impact on simulation practice as there is no easy way to perform such analysis using existing tools. The tool is made available online for free and can potentially be integrated into existing simulation and/or statistical software packages to support output analysis and decision-making.


Voltage-dependent ion channels are presently thought to consist of several distinct functional regions: (a) activation gates, (b) inactivation gates, and permeation pathways. This chapter focuses on permeation pathways and may spur new ideas about experiments that use site-directed mutagenesis to probe the ion conduction pathway. Some hubris is required to attempt a survey of this field since individual families--K+, Na+, or Ca2+--have been reviewed in detail (15, 68, 115, 127). My unified treatment is motivated by the structural similarity suggested by recent cDNA sequencing data on this group (see, for instance, 24). There have been many excellent previous treatments of ion channel permeation (6, 15, 34, 35, 51, 53, 68, 73, 74, 115, 127). Most well-characterized voltage-dependent channels in animal cells are selective for cations and, as a class, these channels are more selective than the ligand-gated cation channels of postsynaptic membraneS. At present there are few reports of pharmacological or genetic manipulations that affect the selectivity of ion channels, e.g. that change Na+ to K+ or Ca2+ channels. When successfully performed and interpreted, such manipulations will represent a triumph of the site-directed mutagenesis approach. It is already known that batrachotoxin and aconitine render Na+ channels less selective for Na+ than for many other ions (62).


The work is dedicated to research of strength and damage of fluid saturated rocks and has a practical application in petroleum and gas related rock mechanics. In order to understand the influence of fluids on the limit state of rock, triaxial laboratory tests on saturated rocks were conducted. The Mohr Coloumb strength theory is used to describe limit state of fluid saturated rocks. The results of stress distribution around vertical boreholes located in fluid saturated rocks based on the elastoplasticity theory are given. Prediction of limit state zone around vertical borehole shows that if initial stress state is non-hydrostaticthe shape of limit state zone is elliptical. The presents of fluids in the rockswill magnify the size of limit state zone. The assessment of probability of crack formation during hydro fracturing of borehole due to significant fluid and mud pressure is done.


Model thermionic cathodes with different oxide coatings have been surveyed using a combination of photoelectron emission microscopy and thermionic electron emission microscopy. The model cathodes are imaged directly at operating temperatures and the electron yield is measured with a Faraday cup located in the image plane. Cathodes with combinations of Ba, Sc, BaO, Sc2O3, and pulsed-laser-deposited Sc2O3 on W substrates have been examined. BaO deposited on Sc2O3 is the most stable cathode combination. Measurement of the W–Sc2O3–BaO cathode shows that the electron yield enhancement produced by BaO and Sc2O3 is a two-step process which requires that the BaO be on top of the Sc2O3. BaO does not need to be in direct contact with the W substrate.


Disclosed is an operative pull hook which is conducive to reducing incision length, incision healing and various intraoperative observation operations. A main hook (1) is arranged at one end of a hook body, an auxiliary hook (4) is arranged at the other end of the hook body, a through groove (3) is formed in the middle of the hook body, length of the main hook is 65-120 mm, and a smoke guide tube (2) is adhered in an area, extending to a hook back, of the outer side of the main hook. One end, facing the tail end of the main hook, of the smoke guide tube is provided with an opening, and one end, facing the hook back, of the smoke guide tube is provided with an opening and is away from a plane, in which the hook bottom is positioned. The operative pull hook is suitable for being used to build an operative working cavity.


It is generally accepted that delay occurs before the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis is established. Most authors are agreed that part of this delay is due to the development of tuberculosis, in the absence of symptoms. For this reason mass radiography has been advocated for the detection of the early asymptomatic case (N.A.P.T., 1942, and others). Following this period of early or latent disease there is a phase in which the signs or symptoms may or may not suggest phthisis. Indeed, there is such a wide variety of non-specific symptoms that the condition may often be erroneously diagnosed as anaemia, debility, bronchitis, influenza, atypical pneumonia, etc. It is with this latter phase-the phase of partially defined signs and synptoms-that this paper is concerned.


The Maillard reaction of alliin is one of the pathways to form the pungency and perfume of garlic.To control the Maillard reaction effectively,the relative factors and conditions were investigated.It is found that at 120℃,pH10,2.5h,water content10%,maillard reaction is most active.


OF the four cases to be described hei-eunder the earlier three have recently provided material for discussion at post-graduate demonIstrations given in colnjunction with my colleagues, Dr. A. F. Hurst and Dr. C. P. Symonds. Thle points which 'emerged at these discussions may help to illuminate the bare records of clinical history and physical findings. The instructive features of the fourth case will be manifest in the narrative.


One of the authors developed a new spray drying nozzle (special quadruplet fluid spray nozzle) for drug manufacturing and it has succeeded in manufacturing fine particles of 2 micrometer diameter of 1/15 ratios to those currently in use. The flow visualization results show that the two air jets become under-expanded on both edge sides of the nozzle, generate shock and expansion waves alternately on each side and reach the edge tip, where they collide, unite, and spout out while shock and expansion waves are again formed in the mixed jet. When the edge surfaces are supplied with water, the water is extended into thin film by the air jet and intensely disturbed. At the nozzle tip it is torn into droplets, which are further atomized afterwards in shock waves. At the spray tip, the friction with ambient air shears the droplets furthermore, and they decrease further in size.


Historians of Chartism face a dilemma. On the one hand, they are obliged to interpret this national political movement on the national level, to attempt to explain why millions of British working men and women were engaged in organized political activity over several decades. But, on the other hand, many of the richest sources on Chartism are found on the local level. Older histories of the movement treated Chartism from a national perspective, but failed to take note of many of its complexities. More recently, a good deal of local research has rigorously tested our assumptions about Chartism, but the task of carefully analyzing the movement on the national level still remains.


contribution ends. Pierce has left this section much as it was, he tells us, and his additions are mostly to incorporate the results of new research. The remaining six chapters are Pierce's own. He writes of the initial surge across northern Siberia to the Pacific, the conquest of Buryatia and Trans-Baykalia, the Amur campaigns, the first journeys to and along the Arctic coast, and the winning of Chukotka and Kamchatka. His sources for these chapters are the Russian chronicles, the early histories of Siberia, particularly those by G. F. Miiller (1750) and J. E. Fischer (1774), and the results of recent Russian and Soviet scholarship. He has made an excellent job of it. The reader will not find a better nor a fuller account of these events in English. One must also compliment him on his scholarly judgment. This is seen well in his conclusions, where he refuses to accept Frank Golder's denigration of the early Siberian travellers, dismisses Robert Kerner's simplistic view of Russian history as "an urge to the sea", accepts the validity of Raymond Fisher's closely argued case for fur as the chief motivation, and finds a parallel to Siberia in Frederick Turner's assessment of the influence of the frontier on the development of a nation. This book fills a real gap, and fills it in a way that is unlikely to require revision for many years.


Objective: The study was conducted to analyze the rationality of treatment regimens and thrombosis prophylaxis used in coronary artery intervention to compare to guidelines for treatment according to VNHA and recommendation of ACC/AHA at Interventional cardiology in Can Tho Central General Hospital. Methods: The cross-sectional study was based on the data collected from entire medical records of patients at Interventional cardiology in Can Tho Central General Hospital from August 2017 to February 2018. The rationality of the antithrombotic regimen used at the Hospital is assessed through criteria such as medical combination, dosage, time to take medicine, clinical trials during the treatment. Results: The study found that 95.6% and 90.7% were suitable for medical combination before and after PCI; 100% fit for the use of medicine; and 100% was suitable for antithrombotic agents and clinical trials during treatment time; in terms of dosage, the result showed that entrance and maintenance were 84.9% and 100% for aspirin respectively; 71.7% and 100% for clopidogrel; 100% and 94.7% for ticagrelor; 90.2-92.8% and 98.1% for enoxaparin; especially, heparin-100% anticoagulant was appropriate to recommend. Conclusion: The study showed that treatment regimens and thrombosis prophylaxis in percutaneous coronary intervention at Interventional cardiology in Can Tho Central General Hospital were quite suitable compared to the recommendations of the Heart Association. The results from the study are a scientific basis for the Hospital to maintain or consider adjustments to improve the quality of treatment, ensure the effectiveness and safety of patients.


The invention discloses a drive skid prevention control algorithm for a four-wheel independent drive electric automobile, and belongs to the field of new-energy automobile control. The method includes the steps of firstly, estimating the largest torque output value Tmax of the whole automobile through combination with rotating speed information of four wheels and through the largest torque estimation algorithm; secondly, calculating the torque output value Tf of the front wheels according to the calculation result obtained in the first step and according to the load ratio of the front wheels to the rear wheels; thirdly, estimating the whole automobile speed V and the acceleration a through the rotating speed omega f of the front wheels; fourthly, calculating the actual slip rate S of the rear wheels and the change rate (please see the specification) of the rear wheels according to the result obtained in the third step and the rotating speed omega r of the rear wheels; fifthly, calculating the torque output value Tr of the rear wheels according to the results obtained from the first step to the fourth step and the target slip rate S* of the rear wheels and through a sliding membrane control algorithm. According to the method, no additional hardware structure is needed, cost of system is reduced to the maximum extent, reliability of the system is ensured, and the method and the system can be widely applied to the four-wheel independent drive electric automobile.


A car navigation system, a method and a system for updating map data, and a recording medium are provided to reduce updating time for map data by automatically extracting changed contents in the map data. A data input unit(130) receives changed map data for updating. A database(150) stores the map data. A communication unit(160) transmits update information to a navigation terminal. A controller(110) compares the input map data from the data input unit with the map data which is stored in the database, and extracts the changed contents. The controller creates update information of a predetermined format using the extracted contents and transmits the update information to the navigation terminal. The update information includes a change history table, containing node information, link information, and road information.


This paper addresses a fundamental conundrum at the heart of meaning making: How is agreement to change achieved amid multiple, coexisting meanings? This challenge is particularly salient when proposing a new strategic initiative as it introduces new meanings that must coexist with multiple prevailing meanings. Yet, prior literature on meaning-making processes places different emphases on the extent to which agreement to a new initiative requires shared meaning across diverse organizational members. We propose the concept of a joint account as the means through which an agreement to change may be achieved that accommodates multiple, coexisting meanings that satisfy diverse constituents' vested interests. Based on the findings from an ethnographic study of a university's strategic planning process, we develop a framework that demonstrates two different patterns in the microprocesses of meaning making. These patterns extend our understanding about the way vested interests enable or constrain the construction of a joint account. In doing so, we contribute to knowledge about resistance, ambiguity, and lack of agreement to a proposed change.


AbstractDewatering is a key step in sludge handling, and flocculant conditioning is the commonest way to improve the sludge dewatering. The sludge dewatering performance is largely affected by the sludge moisture distribution. But changes of sludge moisture distribution by flocculants were unclear and literature findings were controversial to each other. This paper investigated the changes of sludge moisture distribution and sludge dewatering characteristics after flocculant conditioning, and the flocculant used was cationic polyacrylamide (C-PAM). Results showed that C-PAM conditioning effectively changed the sludge moisture distribution, sludge viscosity, specific resistance of filtration (SRF), particle size, extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) concentration, and filtrate liquid viscosity. Especially, free water was increased by C-PAM conditioning and the highest value reached 95.04%. On the other hand, the interstitial water content was decreased by C-PAM conditioning. The optimal dosage was 3 mg...


Multi-year results of collaboration diverse practical and research work between VNIISSOK and Belarusian Agricultural Academy are presented in the article. Over 25 years of collaboration work has resulted in 15 cultivars have been released and included into in State Register of Breeding Achievements of Russian Federation and Republic of Belarus. Joint cooperation research keeps on going to perform study of ecological cultivar trials and to realize breeding program for crop improvement and to show the latest achievement in the frame of annual practical and research day-long field forum. The outcomes of the last forum are also presented.


which has been carried out by Dr. Schroeder in investigating this problem on the human subject. But it would be unfortunate, and I am sure most unwelcome to Dr. Schroeder himself, were it to be supposed, as your article almost seems to suggest, that the probable explana. tion of the beneficial effects which have often followed venesection in infective conditions was now put forward for the first time in the thesis in question. The idea has been familiar in this laboratory for several years. It was first advanced by Professor Dreyer in a paper read before the Biological Society in Copenhagen in the spring of 1906; it was emphasized by him in an address delivered before the Pathological Society of Manchester in 1907, and was repeated at the meeting of the Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland held in London in January, 1908. It is to be noted that in Dr. Schroeder's thesis the author himself expresses at the outset his warm thanks " to my distinguished teacher, Professor Dreyer, to whom I am indebted not only for the suggestion of my subject, but also for much help in carrying out the work." And it appears from a footnote on p. 41 that the whole of the calculations for his curves were actually done by Professor Dreyer himself, The precise facts regarding the reaction of immunized animals to venesection were first worked out in a joint investigation undertaken by Professor Dreyer and Dr. Schroeder, a great part of which was intentionally incorporated in the present thesis. And these authors were the first to show that venesection can be made to produce a rapid rise in the immunity curve of the animal concerned. The earlier investigations, such as those of Roux and Vaillard, of Salomonsen and Madsen, and of Nicolle, had only succeeded in demonstrating the fact that the effect of bleeding was to check the rate of fall in the quantity of antibodies present in the blood, and to induce a fresh formation of these substances, which brought the curve back (or nearly back) to the level at which it stood before the bleeding, as the animal recovered from the immediate effects of the removal of a quantity of blood. But the fact that the removal of blood may be made to act "just as a second bacterial injection would " in "causing a considerable further increase in the specific agglutinating power," so far from being "long known," was only demonstrated comparatively recently by Professor Dreyer in the experiments above referred to, which he carried out with Dr. Schroeder. This will be found clearly stated in Dr. Madsen's article on methods of immunization in Kraus and Levaditi's handbook, vol. ii, page 57. The facts thus established were referred to and made use of by Professer Dreyer and myself in January, 1909, in our paper on the relation of the leucocytes and leucocyteforming tissues to the production of agglutinins (Journal of Pathology and Bacteriology, 1909, vol. xiv, page 30), and they were then becoming familiar among pathologists. In continuing his investigation on the human subject Dr. Schroeder has provided us with valuable evidenoe that, as might be expected, facts ascertained by observations on the blood of mammals in laboratory experiment are also capable of demonstration in man.-I am, etc., Pathological Department, Oxford, E. W. AINLBY WALKER. January 17th.


Objective: To compare the healing effect of Oleozon and calcium hydroxide on experimentally exposed pulp tissue. Method: Direct pulp exposures were conducted in nine dogs, i.e., three dogs were prepared for each experimental period of 7, 30 and 90 days. In each dog the upper and lower canines of the right side were capped with calcium hydroxide (Dycal), while those of the left side were capped with ozonated olive oil (Oleozon). After the observation periods, the teeth were prepared for histomorphological examination. Results: The tissues capped with Oleozon revealed inflammation with dilated blood vessels and hemorrhages at 7 days, a slight inflammatory response at 30 days, and the increase of collagen fibers and fibroblast with dilated blood vessels at 90 days. While, the tissues capped with calcium hydroxide exhibited medium degree of inflammation and necrosis adjacent to the exposure site at 7 days, remarkable absorption of necrotic tissues with few collagen fibers and fibroblast at 30 days, and a localized connective tissue capsule with depositions of reparative dentin at 90 days. Conclusion: Based upon the results and the limitations of the study, it was concluded that direct pulp capping with Oleozon induced less degrees of irritation to the dental pulp compared to that with Dycal. Clinical significant: The application of Oleozon paste for direct capping to exposed pulp could have a possibility to serve as a therapeutic method to enhance pulp tissue healing. (Rania Sayed Mosallam; Amany Nemat; Ahmed El-Hoshy and Shiro Suzuki. Effect of Oleozon on Healing of Exposed Pulp Tissues. Journal of American Science 2011;7(5):38-44). (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.americanscience.org .


The absence of vertically resolved wind observations over large portions of the globe is a welldocumented shortcoming of the Global Observing System. While AMVs provide very good horizontal coverage of single-level wind observations over most of the globe, one of the most promising paths toward obtaining vertically resolved wind information is a space-based Doppler Wind Lidar. The European Space Agency will launch its ADM/Aeolus DWL technology demonstration mission in 2014, and the US is planning to deploy its first DWL system as one of NASA's Decadal Survey missions sometime after 2020. The NASA-NOAA Joint Observing System Simulation Experiment (OSSE) system has been used to assess the expected impact on numerical weather prediction skill of various possible configurations of this mission. We report on a series of experiment undertaken with this system in the expected impact on NCEP forecast skill of a hypothetical DWL system was simulated. The experiments show the respective impacts of measuring one or two wind components as well as the impact of increasing the horizontal data coverage.


Three procedures designed to eliminate a response were compared in 4 groups of 5 introductory psychology students. The procedures were: 1) differential reinforcement-of-other-behavior, where reinforcement occurred when the response was not emitted, 2) reinforcement of an alternative response while the target response was on extinction, and 3) extinction, which was in effect for all conditions. A control group was included, in which reinforcement continued for making a response. Each group was run on 4 experimental phases: 1) baseline training, where the lever - pressing target response was reinforced, 2) target response elimination, 3) a durability test, where any response could produce reinforcement, and 4) another durability test, where extinction was in effect for all responses. Reinforcement of an alternative response was the only effective procedure. On the durability tests, the alternative reinforced response group maintained low target response rates. Results corresponded with previous investigations which found that the alternative reinforced response procedure was effective, but differed from other studies which found that the differential-reinforcement-of-other-behavior procedure was effective.


vVe discuss the power behaviour observed in particle production at large transverse mo mentum (pj_) and in wide-angle elastic scattering from the viewpoint of the coherent state representation of multiple production. \Ve show that the power-like fall-off of the inclusive p j_ -distribution is a natural consequence of our representation with the Ginzburg-Landau-type free energy functional. Furthermore, the power index is quantized to be an odd integer. The deep-region behaviour of shadow scattering is studied in detail. As a result, we find that the overlap function of the uncorrelated jet model behaves like ~s7 H(8) thanks to the power behaviour of the wave function. The power index r is determined by the power index of the pj_-distribution within uncertainty ±1/2.


Early determination of plasmic level of coagulation Factor V,is not predictive of mortality in clinical situations that disturb its hepatic synthesis or in diseases in which coagulation is activated through inflamatory pathway with intravascular consumption of coagulation proteins. Otherwise, prothrombin time ratio (PTR) is an indicator of outcome, independently of the primary illness. Apatient with a PTR higher than 1041 has 3.3 options of death more than a patient with a PTR or 1.0. The PTR is equally usefull as screening test for detection of low plasma levels of coagulation factor V.The best cutoff point of PTR for detection of factor V plasma level below 0.40 is 1.2, with 100% sensitivity and 45% specificity.


Abstract High fat diet (HFD) exposure is associated with various pathological dysfunctions, including haematological disorders and oxidative stress. The in vitro analysis of AECG revealed the presence of important levels of polyphenols and flavonoids, and denoted antioxidant capacities confirmed by nitric oxide radical (NO•), reducing the power and HPLC chemical components' determinations. The animals exposed to HFD revealed a severe damage in the blood cells structure and haematological parameters accompanied with a significant decrease in serum Mg2+ and Ca2+ ATPase activities. Furthermore, malondialdehyde (MDA) and the advanced oxidation of protein products (AOPP) levels were significantly increased, while vitamin C level, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities were markedly reduced in the erythrocytes and platelets of HFD-treated mice. However, the co-administration of AECG with HFD-treated animals restored the parameters cited above to near-normal values. Therefore, our investigation revealed that Chaetomorpha gracilis extract was a useful element preventing HFD-induced blood cells damage.


This award, The 1981 National Capital Area Political Science Association Pi Sigma Alpha Award, presented to a political scientist who has made a substantial contribution to strengthen the relationship between political science and public service, appropriately goes to one who has, more than anybody else I know, worked to strengthen the relationship between political science and public service, Evron Kirkpatrick. Kirk's own career reflects that relationship. He studied political science at the University of Illinois where he earned a B.A. and M.A. and learned all that he knows. Then he went on to Yale in order to bring enlightenment to that area and to teach them what we had taught him at Illinois and for which they so gratefully gave him a Ph.D. Kirk is a teacher, one of the best. He has taught at Minnesota, Howard, and Georgetown, and he has never stopped teaching throughout his demanding career.


Effect of the starting time of cooling at the flowering stage together with the effects of water temperatures and light conditions after cooling on the fertility percentage were examined. The fertility percentage of the spikelets cooled from the end of the light period was 20% higher than that of the spikelets, with identical maturity, cooled from the end of the dark period. No effect was observed on the fertility if water temperatures (at 25°C and at 15°C) and light conditions (light and dark) were changed after cooling. This suggests that the difference of the fertility percentage between the two cooling starting times, morning and evening, is determined by the difference of some physiological properties of the spikelets at the start for cooling.


We reported here that two aqueous phases were formed when cationic surfactant was mixed with anionic surfactant at certain concentration.This phenomena had been called as aqueous surfactant two-phases(ATPS).The basic features and application of the aqueous two-phase extraction was introdunced.The relationship between aqueous two-phases system and liquid crystal structure(LCS) of cationic and anionic surfactants mixture was studied.Phase interface of it was also mentioned.Its directions in the future and some unresolved problems were pointed out.


Isotactic (i) and syndiotactic (s) PMMA polymers differ markedly in the physical properties. The fact that these physically unlike macromolecules strongly attract each other with the resultant formation of stereocomplexes is indeed remarkable. Although stereoregular PMMAs and the stereocomplex have been studied over decades, their conformational characteristics are yet a matter of controversy. We performed variable-temperature FTIR measurements on i-PMMA and s-PMMA, followed by a detailed analysis of the temperature dependence of integrated band intensities for C-O stretching modes in the region 1050-1300 cm -1 and achieved, for the first time, the unambiguous conformational assignment for the C-O bands. This enabled reliable IR spectroscopic determination of conformational energies for the backbone and for the ester group. Besides, a comparative analysis of the C-O band intensities in the FTIR spectra of single-component and stereocomplex PMMA films, based on the established band assignments, revealed new features in the structure of the stereocomplex.


Prologue: In April 2989, the board of The Commonwealth Fund authorized $1 million for the development and funding of a program to examine lessons from Canada for a revised financial framework for American health care. This research program will be developed by staff and consultants and announced this fall This GrantWatch essay, drawn from a report to the directors of The Commonwealth Fund, represents an opportunity to show an example of the actual content of the case for such a step as presented to a foundation s board of directors. It illustrates how issues are framed and the depth and sophistication with which they are presented and discussed. More particularly, it illustrates how health services research features in and is credited for ideas presented in such discussions and, conversely, what kinds of policy questions such discussions offer for health services research. This report also deals with a timely subject. In the past year, a growing number of legislators, policy analysts, and organizations ha...


PURPOSE
The purpose of the study was to investigate whether the sustained use of the "Hug," a "hugging" type robotic transfer support device, could increase the level of quality of care.

METHODS
The effect of proficiency on using the device was examined in terms of time spent for transfer, ratio of transfers using the device, and range of targets. The results were compared between skilled care facilities that had used the device for >24 months and unskilled facilities.

RESULTS
The time spent for transfer at the unskilled facility was 4.6 min (2nd week after introduction), was reduced to 3.0 min (5th week), and 1.5 min at the skilled facility. The usage ratio at the unskilled facility was 13% and 30% (2nd and 5th week, respectively), while it was 97% in the skilled facility. Further, we identified wider in the range of target care recipients in the skilled facility.

CONCLUSION
It takes time to master the use of Hug; however, its use was associated with many positive aspects, especially from the perspective of care recipients, e.g., better care, use of their own legs, and reduced time for transfers. These findings suggest that the widespread use of Hug would improve the quality of care.IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATIONLess physically burdened on the caregivers using Hug, they can afford to talk to the care recipients.Using recipient's own legs during transfers, it prevents leg muscle disuse.As reduced time for transfers, recipients will have more opportunities to get out of bed.


There is an emerging need for Distributed Geographical Information Systems. As a new distributed object technology, OMG CORBA specifies a technical framework that allows applications that use different protocols to communicate, transfer information and interoperate. Thus, CORBA enable technologies for geographic information system interoperability platform. The CORBA component technology and its applying on GIS Implementation are introduced in this paper.


A base-case flowsheet for an enzymatic hydrolysis process is presented. Included is a parametric sensitivity analysis to identify key research issues and an assessment of this technology. The plant discussed is a large-scale facility, producing 50 million gallons of ethanol per year. The plant design is based on the process originally conceived by the US National Army Command and consists of these process steps: pretreatment; enzyme production; enzyme hydrolysis; fermentation; and distillation. The base-case design parameters are based on recent laboratory data from Lawrence Berkeley Laboratories and the University of California at Berkeley. The selling price of ethanol is used to compare variations in the base-case operating parameters, which include hydrolysis efficiencies, capital costs, enzyme production efficiencies, and enzyme recycle. 28 references, 38 figures, 8 tables.


OF THE two views which one may take of medieval York perhaps the most popular is that of a great and important city, the capital of the North, the base for operations against the Scots, the seat of the Archbishop; a town owing much to the prosperity of the wool trade, to which ships came from all over Europe. It was a beautiful place with the towers and spires of the many ecclesiastical buildings new and bright in the clear light. In addition to the Minster, there were St. Mary's Abbey, monasteries, friaries, forty churches, and the walls and bars which were kept in good repair. Houses in the narrow streets were plastered externally, often decorated with pargetting and fine barge-boarding. The bustling streets, the pageants, soldiers and officials, the frequent royal visits, parliaments held in York, all combine to make a cheerful picture. But there is another view of York and it is an equally true one. It is of the city at times when trade was bad, when there was much unemployment, or at times of great and recurring epidemics. For if medieval York was a fine place to live in with its beautiful buildings, its orchards and gardens, and the two rivers flowing through it, it was also a place to die in. York in the middle ages was a death trap. Deaths always exceeded births, but the population of about 10,000 (estimated probably inaccurately by several people using different methods but usually arrving at the same total) was kept up by the immigration of people into the city from villages nearby or from further afield. It was a notoriously dirty and smelly place. In fact, one king said it was the worst in his kingdom. A royal visit was often a blessing since the council would attempt a thorough cleansing and banish the pigs-those inefficient and inadequate scavengers-from the streets. There were no drains, usually only a central gutter in the street down which water and refuse were expected to flow. Whilst it was forbidden to throw rubbish into the Ouse, the number of references to fines imposed make it obvious that it was the common receptacle for what was described as 'nastiness'. Nightsoil and manure were put outside the houses and then carted away to recognized sites such as Toft Green to be sold later by manure merchants to the farmers. Garbage was supposed to …


Objective To explore causes for misdiagnosis and mistreatment of keloid in order to improve curative effect. Methods 36 cases of recurrent keloid,once treated elsewhere,were analyzed retrospectively. Results The misdiagnosis and mistreatment of keloid resulted most from lack of professional knowledge and simply pursuing economic benifet by medical professionals.And they were also due to patients blindly seeking medical advice.All these made keloid recurrent fast,enlargened and symptoms worse. Conclusions Keloid should be differentiated from hyperplastic scar.And proper management should be applied.For the subjects in this study,satisfactory response was obtained after the second operation and complex treatment were implemented.


ACI Structural Journal, V. 109, No. 2, March-April 2012. MS No. S-2010-081.R5 received February 4, 2011, and reviewed under Institute publication policies. Copyright © 2012, American Concrete Institute. All rights reserved, including the making of copies unless permission is obtained from the copyright proprietors. Pertinent discussion including author's closure, if any, will be published in the January-February 2013 ACI Structural Journal if the discussion is received by September 1, 2012. Nonlinear Cyclic Truss Model for Reinforced Concrete Walls


Recently all levels of traffic departments in charge have paid strong attention to the bridge maintenance and management work. Combined with the present situation of bridge maintenance at home and abroad, analysis is made on some problems in it, and given the countermeasures.


Brisbane City Council provides sewage-treatment facilities for a population of 800 000, together with industrial effluents having an organic loading equivalent to a further 600 000 people. Three projects are described to illustrate some of the different designs and operating parameters used in Brisbane, where the sewage temperatures range from 18°C to 29°C and stormwater is collected separately. The first project is a 400 000 population equivalent augmentation to a conventional activated-sludge plant located at Luggage Point. The two other plants have to comply, inter alia, with an effluent standard of 10 mg/l for total nitrogen. This requirement, together with site constraints and an economic evaluation of alternatives, resulted in the selection of the extended-aeration process incorporating anoxic zones and separate mixing and aeration. These contemporary designs are specific to Brisbane conditions, and are intended to facilitate reliable operation as well as being cost effective.


The point of this research is to present a new iterative procedure for approximating common fixed points of nonexpansive mappings in Hadamard manifolds. The convergence theorem of the proposed method is discussed under certain conditions. For the sake of clarity, we provide some numerical examples to support our results. Furthermore, we apply the suggested approach to solve inclusion problems and convex feasibility problems.


The compartmental interrelationships of the metabolically related amino‐acids glutamate, GABA and glutamine and the metabolically unrelated amino‐acids taurine and glycine in the rodent pituitary, were investigated by light microscopic immunocytochemistry using highly specific antisera. Glutamate‐like immunoreactivity was abundant in astrocytes in the posterior pituitary. Glutamine immunoreactivity was present only at low levels in the posterior pituitary, but was abundant in astrocytes within the intermediate lobe. Other glia‐like ceils in the anterior pituitary were also glutamine‐immunoreactive. GABA immunoreactivity was abundant in the intermediate lobe but absent from anterior and posterior lobes. The GABA immunoreactivity mainly took the form of small punctata, the majority of which were in intimate apposition to the glutamine‐immunoreactive glia. Strong taurine immunoreactivity was present in astrocytes in the posterior pituitary but only weak labelling was present in intermediate and anterior lobes of the pituitary. Specific glycine immunoreactivity was not detected in the pituitary. These results suggest that glutamate‐immunoreactive astrocytes in the posterior pituitary, unlike glia in loci such as the retina, do not convert much, if any, of their glutamate content into glutamine (or if they do, it is rapidly further metabolized to another compound), whereas those astrocytes in the intermediate lobe do contain glutamine. The spatial association of GABAergic fibres with glutamine‐positive astrocytes raises the possibility that astrocytes in the intermediate lobe receive a GABAergic innervation. Glutamate, glutamine and taurine (or their metabolites) may have roles as neuroactive substances regulating pituitary secretion.


The recent Italian elections ended in gridlock, contrary to what most observers expected. The left won in the Chamber but not in the Senate. To make things worse, the result in the Senate made it impossible to form a majority coalition between Bersani's left and Monti's centre, which many considered the most likely outcome of these elections. This left the Democratic Party, the winner in the Chamber, with the unpalatable option of having to form a cabinet seeking the support of either the Five-star Movement or Berlusconi. Eventually the latter option prevailed with the formation of the Letta cabinet. There are a number of factors behind this unexpected result. The success of the Five-star Movement is one. Surprisingly it has become the largest party in the country, attracting votes from across the political spectrum and from all sectors of society. The weakness of the Democratic Party coalition is another. It missed the goal of extending its electoral base at a time when the right lost almost eight million votes. Actually, it also lost 3.5 million. Another factor yet is the poor performance of the Monti coalition, which failed to become a competitive actor in spite of the popularity the outgoing prime minister enjoyed until he decided to step into the political arena. Last but not least, a key role has been played by the weird electoral system used for the Senate.


Abstract The objective of our study was to assess the residual effect of sewage sludge on the growth and yield of Prairie cordgrass and the content of crude ash, macroelements and heavy metals in the plant biomass. Field trials conducted in the years 2011 to 2013 focused on the assessment of the impact of municipal sewage sludge applied from 2008 to 2010on the growth and yield of Prairie cordgrass. The experiments followed the split-plot design with two variables: the rate of sewage sludge (DM-dry matter) at 0, 1.4, 2.8 and 4.2 t ha-1, corresponding to nitrogen fertilization with: 0, 50, 100, 150 kg ha-1, and the harvest time - fall and winter. The total dose of sewage sludge applied in 2008−2010 was 0, 4.2, 8.4 and 12.6 t DM ha-1, which corresponded to the total dose of nitrogen fertilization: 0, 150, 300 and 450 kg ha-1, respectively. The municipal sewage sludge at a rate of 8.4 t DM ha-1, compared to the Control, significantly increased the number of leaves per plant, the leaf and culm matter, the number of shoots per 1 m2, the dry matter yield, crude ash deposition and uptake of macroelements and heavy metals. Graphical Abstract


Since the bodily constitution, physiological functions, and physical strength of women workers differ from those of men, special care should be given to their safety and health in production (at work). The party and the state place much importance on using labor legislation to protect the safety and health of women workers in the course of production (work). Since the founding of the People's Republic, the State Council and its relevant departments have formulated and promulgated the Rules for Safety and Health in Factories, the Rules and Regulations of the People's Republic of China for the Protection of Women Workers (Draft), the Provisional Regulations on Health Protection for Women Workers, the Regulations on Labor Protection for Women Workers and the Regulations on Work Areas Contraindicated for Women Workers, and have drawn up comprehensive regulations for the protection of women workers during menstruation, pregnancy, birth, breastfeeding, and menopause.


Africa in general is said to still be lagging behind the developed nations in terms of workforce skills, and South Africa is not an exception. The problem of skills inadequacy, it is argued, has a negative effect on enterprises as it presents hurdles to the country's economic development objectives. Small, medium and large organizations tend to suffer from the said issue. In the context of South Africa, parastatals, as vital enterprises to the growth of the economy are also exposed to the adverse effects of relevant skills shortage. To this point, parastatals have to continual find ways to curb the inadequacy of relevant skills. This paper aimed to show how relevant skills, in a large South African parastatal, could be transferred among employees through a Learning Management System. This is done by following a case study method on the ways in which ElecKom corporate services promotes and facilitates relevant skills transfer through its adopted learning management system. Following the interpretivist research paradigm, Activity Theory underpinned the study. The paper concludes that the issues of relevant skills shortage may be curbed through knowledge and skills transfer using learning management systems as enabling tools, so long as the systems are contextualized sensitive to the organizational culture and the background of employees.


Nowadays, it is almost unknown how fetoplacental insufficiency of mothers affects the formation of the reproductive system in male offspring during puberty. Therefore, the aim of this work was to study the histological structure of the testes of male offspring born to mothers of different ages with fetoplacental insufficiency and to evaluate the effectiveness of a new pharmaceutical composition for the correction of pathological conditions of pregnancy. The experiment involved healthy mature female Wistar rats in young (3–4 months) and mature (8–10 months) reproductive age. Eight groups with 7 pregnant females in each one were formed: groups 1 and 2 — intact animals of young and mature reproductive age, respectively; groups 3 and 4 — females with experimental fetoplacental insufficiency of young and mature reproductive age; groups 5 and 6 — young and mature animals with experimental fetoplacental insufficiency and addition to food depending on the weight of animals from 11 to 19 days of pregnancy pharmaceutical composition. Groups 7 and 8 — young and mature animals with experimental fetoplacental insufficiency with addition a comparison drug Dipyridamole to the food. Modeling of fetoplacental insufficiency was performed by daily subcutaneous injection to females from the 12th to the 18th day of pregnancy 50% oil solution of carbon tetrachloride at a dose of 2 ml/kg body weight. Offspring were decontaminated on the 50th day of life (puberty) by rapid decapitation. Samples of male testicles were fixed in 10% formalin solution, performed on alcohols of increasing strength, poured into paraffin. Sections were made from the blocks, which were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Qualitative assessment of histostructure was performed on sections of the body in rats. Summing up the results of histological analysis and morphometric parameters characterizing the condition of the testicles of rats, we can draw the following conclusions. In the offspring born to reproductively young females with fetoplacental insufficiency, inhibition of the rate of germ cell differentiation was found, while in the offspring born to reproductively mature females with fetoplacental insufficiency, the negative effects of this effect were leveled and the rate of spermatogenesis increased. When the pharmaceutical composition was administered to both young and mature pregnant females on the background of fetoplacental insufficiency, it activated the processes of proliferation and differentiation of spermatogenic epithelium in their offspring, which was reflected in the appearance of mature sperm in the seminal tubules. The comparison drug Dipyridamole, administered according to the same regimen to both young and mature pregnant females with fetoplacental insufficiency, also helped the 50-day-old offspring of these females to restore the rate of spermatogenesis at the level of the pharmaceutical composition.


The other day I had a call from St Cuthbert's prep school. "Come quickly, doctor, Soames has collapsed." I rushed round to find the spluttering boy on the floor of the dormitory. From his purple face and distended jugular veins, the diagnosis was clear: overtightened school tie syndrome.

Stopping only to capture the scene on my iPhone to illustrate an article I was planning to submit to Cases journal, I pulled out my scalpel, and with a single swift movement …


Introduction. Amid reports of a growing number of diabetic patients, the antidiabetics market players positioning is highly important for companies and the country's leadership. The regulatory measures and management decisions depend on the competitive situation in the market.Aim. Analysis of the changes in the level of dominance on the markets for antidiabetics and blood glucose monitors and meters.Materials and methods. The distribution of these markets by product groups, as well as by commercial and public procurement segments has been taken into account. The Herfindahl-Hirschman and Linda indices, the adjusted Hall-Tideman index, concentration ratios and the SV matrix (strength/variety) were used as analysis tools, and the calculations were made on the basis of IQVIA data for the period from 2004 to the 3rd quarter of 2022.Results. The dominance of three foreign companies that fell into the B4 and G quadrants was detected in the insulin and insulin analogues market. The glucose-lowering drugs market is the most competitive, it fell into the RO quadrant more often than other markets, and the dominant group, depending on the segment, included foreign and domestic companies with different frequency. The dominance of both three foreign and one Russian companies in the B4 and G quadrants, as well as a larger number of companies, was identified in the market for other alimentary tract and metabolism products. Several foreign and one Russian company that were identified into the B4 and G quadrants steadily dominated in the markets for blood glucose test strips, glucose monitors and meters and accessories, and lancets.Conclusions. The antidiabetics market is highly concentrated in its segments. The results show the historical development of the studied markets, the role of the commercial and public procurement segments in them, and serve as the foundation for studying the impact of environmental events on the Russian antidiabetics market.


The utility model discloses a vehicle back wheel cover structure, which comprises a cover outer plate, a side panel outer plate, a side panel inner plate, a cover inner plate, a cover connecting plate, a front guard plate and a back guard plate, wherein the cover outer plate is punched into a semi-U-shaped opening structure, the cover outer plate is provided with a cover outer plate corner extended with a cover outer plate second welding edge, the cover outer plate second welding edge is pre-welded with the side panel inner plate and the cover connecting plate. Compared with the cover outer plate corner, the side panel inner plate and the cover connecting plate are respectively provided with a protruded side panel inner plate welding edge and a cover connecting plate welding edge. The cover inner plate is provided with a cover inner plate welding edge welded with the side panel inner plate welding edge. The front and back guard plates are provided with a front and back guard plate welding edges welded with the connecting plate welding edge. The vehicle back wheel cover structure has simple punching technique, which can be welded and positioned easily.


PURPOSE
To compare the anatomic results of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA)-guided half-dose photodynamic therapy (PDT) versus indocyanine green angiography (ICGA)-guided PDT in eyes with acute central serous chorioretinopathy.

METHODS
This study is a prospective, single-center, noninferiority, double-masked, randomized, controlled clinical trial. Fifty-one eyes of 45 patients with acute central serous chorioretinopathy were recruited, and randomized to an ICGA-guided group and an OCTA-guided group. The primary outcome measures were the rates of complete subretinal fluid (SRF) resolution at 1 month and 3 months.

RESULTS
Forty-six eyes of 40 patients finished the follow-up and were analyzed. In the OCTA-guided group, the SRF was completely resolved in 13 (56.5%) eyes within 1 month and in 21 (91.3%) eyes within 3 months. In the ICGA-guided group, the SRF was resolved in 16 (69.6%) of the eyes within 1 month and in 22 (95.7%) of the eyes by 3 months. Optical coherence tomography angiography-guided PDT was demonstrated noninferior to ICGA-guided PDT for SRF resolution rate at 3 months (P = 0.016), but not at 1 month (P = 0.311) for acute central serous chorioretinopathy patients. Subretinal fluid did not recur in any of the eyes in the OCTA-guided group, but did recur in 2 eyes (8.7%) of the ICGA-guided group during the 3-month follow-up period.

CONCLUSION
Optical coherence tomography angiography-guided PDT seemed to be noninferior to ICGA-guided PDT for resolution of SRF at 3 months in eyes with acute central serous chorioretinopathy.


From farmers� markets to the Food Network, from the emergence of Michael Pollan as a household name to the proliferation of food studies programs, publications, and standing-room-only conference sessions, popular and scholarly interest in food appears insatiable. It is fitting, then, that food is the subject of a new exhibition at the National Museum of American History in Washington, D.C. (fig. 1). FOOD: Transforming the American Table, 1950�2000 opened to the public in November 2012 and is scheduled to remain on display through 2015.

The strengths of food as a subject for a historical museum are the same as those that have led to its popularity among scholars, writers, and the public. Food is elemental, one of the main ways we connect to the world around us. On our plates, the labors of those who till the soil become our sustenance. Eating is also a highly personal act, an expression of social and cultural values, ethnic traditions, regional differences, and national identity. By using food to tell the story of life in the United States since 1950, the exhibition�s curators draw connections among a number of historical topics: technological changes and environmental transformations, shifts in rural livelihoods and suburban lifestyles, the health and labor of producers and consumers, and profound social and cultural shifts whose effects continue to reverberate.


This paper presents the current status of the image analysis activities in the COVIRA project, which is funded by the European Community under the 'Advance Informatics in Medicine' programme [l]. It gives an overview over the project with a focus on specifications for Multimodality Image Registration and Segmentation. Together with results in the areas of Visualization, User Interface, Digital Anatomy Atlas, Conformal 3 0 Radiation Therapy Planning an, and Cerebral Vessel Tree Reconstruction, clinical validation of initial results is under way at six clinical sites in jive European countries.


Three intermediates, (2R, 3R, 4R)-2, 3, 5-tris (benzyloxy)-4-hydroxypentanal-O-tert-bu-tyldimethylsilyl oxime (3), (2R, 3S, 4S)-2, 3, 5-tris (benzyloxy)-4-iodopentanal-O-butyldimethylsilyl oxime (4), and (2R, 3R, 4R)-3, 4-bis (benzyloxy)-2-(benzyloxymethyl)-3, 4-dihydro-2H-pyrrole-1-ol (5), were prepared successively from D-arabinose. 5 reacted with aryl Grignard reagent to form (2R, 3R, 4R, 5R)-3, 4-his (benzyloxy)-2-[4-(benzyloxy) phenyl]-5-(benzyloxymethyl) pyrrolidin-1-ol (6) with high stereoselectivity. Radicamine B was synthesized from 6 by catalytic hydrogenation in total yield of 18.5%. The novel compounds 3 and 4 were characterized by NMR, MS and elemental analysis.


The European Court of Justice has issued a Judgement (Decision of 14 June 2011, Pfleiderer, Case C-360/09) on a preliminary ruling from a national court, on a key matter regarding antitrust…


VENTURE CAPITAL IS BIG BUSINESS in the U.S. Last year, total U.S. venture-capital investments addedupto $18.2 billion in 2,715 companies, according to the National Venture Capital Association (NVCA). Although this was off 15% from 2002, it seemed to mark the end of the downturn following the investment bubble of 1999 and 2000. In 1999, the value of 5,604 investments totaled $54.4 billion, while in 2000, the industry hit an all-time high with 8,068 investments totaling $105.9 billion. Through the first three quarters of this year, investments were up 20% to $15.5 billion, on track to beat the 2003 total. The number of investments for the first nine months, however, totaled 2,102, up just 3.6% from the same period in 2003. It is not just traditional venture-capital firms that are reaping the benefits of investing in emerging companies. Corporate America also is taking part. ...


Amblyopia is a developmental visual disorder caused by abnormal visual experience during early life. Accumulating evidence points to perceptual deficits in amblyopia beyond vision, in the realm of audiovisual multisensory perception. This thesis presents a systematic psychophysical investigation of audiovisual processing and integration in adults with unilateral amblyopia. Study I examines audiovisual spatial integration and reveals amblyopic deficits in localization precision for unisensory visual and auditory stimuli, but statistically optimal integration according to the maximum likelihood estimation model of multisensory integration. Study II confirms the novel deficit in sound localization described in Study I, and reveals a non-uniform spatial pattern of sound localization deficits that implicates the superior colliculus as a primary neural locus affected by abnormal visual experience. Study III measures audiovisual simultaneity perception, and shows that asynchronous audiovisual pairs are perceived as synchronous over wider temporal intervals than normal, regardless of which eye is viewing. Study IV examines audiovisual temporal integration using the temporal ventriloquism effect, and reveals successful temporal integration in amblyopia, but possibly over a wider interval of audiovisual asynchrony. In sum, the findings suggest that the capacities for spatial and temporal audiovisual integration are intact in amblyopia, but that non-integrative multisensory processes, including cross-modal temporal matching and cross-sensory calibration of sound localization, are impaired.


In this paper, a new approach to design gain scheduled robust linear parameter varying (LPV) PID controllers with pole placement constraints (through LMI regions) is proposed for LPV systems with second order structure and time-varying delay. The controller structure includes a Smith predictor, real time estimated parameters that schedule the controller (including the known part of the delay) and unstructured dynamic uncertainty which covers the unknown portion of the delay. Finally, the proposed control technique is validated in a real case study based on real a single reach canal: the Lunax Gallery at Gascogne (France).


This paper addresses the derivation of creep models using the framework of hyper-viscoplasticity. It demonstrates that the formulations widely used already can easily be obtained using the hyper-vi...


An Oldroyd-B fluid suddenly disturbed by relatively moving half-planes is theoretically studied in this paper. This new problem, extended from the traditional Stokes' problem, recently attracts a great deal of attention due to its potential applications in engineering. Using integral transformations and dividing the original system into two subsystems, the exact solution is derived and shown in a series form. In addition to the general understanding of velocity developments, the effects of the relaxation time and the retardation time on the velocity profiles are examined in a series of figures. It is found that above two rheological parameters influence the induced flow in an opposite way. Other interesting characteristics are also elucidated from present results.


Evaluation of satellite land surface temperature (LST) is one of the most difficult tasks in LST retrieval algorithm development, because of spatial and temporal variability of land surface temperature and surface emissivity variations. A large number of high quality "match-up" satellite and ground LST data is needed for the evaluation process. In developing a LST algorithm for the GOES-R Advanced Baseline Imager, we produced a set of "match-up" dataset from SURFace RADiation (SURFRAD) budget network ground measurements and GOES-8 and -10 satellite measurements. The dataset covers one-year GOES Imager data over six SURFRAD sites in the United States. A stringent cloud filtering procedure was applied to minimize cloud contamination in the match-up dataset. Each of the SURFRAD sites contains enough match-up data pairs for ensuring significance of statistical analyses of the LST algorithm. The evaluation was performed by directly and indirectly comparing the SURFRAD and satellite LSTs of each site. The direct comparison was illustrated using scatter plots and histogram plots of the ground and the satellite LSTs, while the indirect comparison was performed using a matrix analysis model developed by Flynn (2006)[1]. We demonstrated that LST measurements from the SURFRAD instrument can be used in our evaluation of the GOES-R LST algorithm development and the precision of the GOES-R LST algorithm can be fairly well estimated.


inthepresenceofNitrobacter winogradskyi was studied insoil columns, which werecontinuously percolated withmediacontaining 5mM ammoniumand different amountsofglucose atadilution rateof0.007 h'-(liquid volumes). A.globiformis won thecompetition forammonium. Thegrazing activities oftheflagellates hadtwoprominent effects on thecompetition between N.europaeaandA.giobiformis. First, thedistribution ofammoniumovertheprofile ofthesoil columns was more uniform inthepresenceofflagellates thanintheir absence. Intheabsence offlagellates, relatively high amountsofammoniumaccumulated intheupper layer (0to3cm),whereas intheunderlying layers the ammoniumconcentrations were low.Inthepresence offlagellates, however, considerable amountsof ammoniumwere foundinthelowerlayers, whereas less ammoniumaccumulated intheupper layer. Second, thepotential ammonium-oxidizing activity ofN.europaea was stimulated inthepresenceofflagellates. The numbers ofN.europaeaatdifferent glucose concentrations inthepresenceofflagellates were comparable to those intheabsence ofprotozoa. However, inthepresenceofflagellates, thepotential ammonium-oxidizing activities were fourtofive times greater thanthose intheabsence ofprotozoa. SoilN processesmay be affected bythepresenceof bacteriophagous protozoa(3,8).Grazing ofprotozoa on bacteria hasoften beenreported toenhance themineralizationofbacterial N (6,11,13,27,32), although insome other studies no significant effects on ammonification ratesbythe grazing activities ofsoilmicrofauna were found(1,2). Enhanced N mineralization may either stimulate thegrowth ofN-limited heterotrophic bacteria andplants (7,12,16,18) or increase therateofnitrification insoils withlowC/N ratios (14). Incompetition experiments, whichwere conducted with mixedcultures ofNitrosomonas europaea andArthrobacter globiformis inthepresenceofNitrobacter winogradskyi but intheabsence offlagellates inchemostats andcontinuously percolated soil columns, thenitrification processwas shown tobeinhibited byNH4'assimilation bythemore competitiveheterotrophic bacteria (28,29).Shouldprotozoabe introduced insimilar experiments, thegrazing activities of theflagellates wouldbeexpected toresult inthemineralizationofpartoftheorganic N immobilized inthemixed bacterial community. AtlowC/Nratios inthemedium,the ammoniumexcreted bytheprotozoa willprobably beconverted intonitrate bythenitrifying community, because the heterotrophic bacteria are limited bycarbonatlowC/N ratios. Asaresult, thenitrate production atlowC/Nratios is expected tobegreater inthepresenceofflagellates thanin their absence. AthighC/Nratios inthemedium,however, themineralized ammoniumexcreted bytheflagellates is expected tobeusedbytheheterotrophic bacteria, whichare nitrogen limited athighC/Nratios. Except fortheincreased mineralization ofimmobilized nitrogen, thestimulating ef


Nonlinear ultrasonic generation at closed interface in solid has been utilized for detection of unbonded interface in solid. In our previous research, mechanisms of the generation were investigated by 1-dimensional computer simulation, and calculated waves of reflection showed good agreement with theoretically predicted waves. For the further investigation, a thin layer sandwiched between solids were placed in the calculation. Nonlinear ultrasonic generation at a thin layer with two unbonded interfaces was reported as reproducibly occurred subharmonic waves with normal incidence of strong longitudinal waves. In this report, ultrasonic propagations through two unbonded interfaces located parallelly with distance of several % of the wavelength were investigated using computer simulation for 1-dimensional ultrasonic propagation in solid.


T he field of nuclear medicine is undergoing a renaissance with the growth of new PET agents and applications, as well as several novel radiopharmaceutical therapies. Although radiopharmaceutical therapies are a foundational component of nuclear medicine practice and have been successfully applied for decades in the treatment of benign and malignant disorders, recent and pending approvals for new diagnostic and therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals are the source of clear excitement about the future. Many clinical trials are currently underway for treatment of prostate (1), neuroendocrine, and other malignant tumors. Recent prospective data show advantages of radiopharmaceutical therapies over conventional chemotherapy, and early unpublished data from industry support the presence of substantial efficacy of new Lu prostate cancer therapies (2). This bodes well for the greater growth and development of radiopharmaceutical therapies and for the field of nuclear medicine in general. The SNMMI Therapy Task Force developed a wide-ranging survey on radiopharmaceutical therapies that was opened to all members of the society. The overarching goal of this survey was to gather information to evaluate the current status of radiopharmaceutical therapies and to identify opportunities to enhance and implement training, education, and operational strategies for the future.


Background: Tissue acceleration utilizing the tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) technique is a new marker of ventricular contraction. We evaluated whether the left atrial appendage (LAA) wall acceleration was associated with thrombosis in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). Methods: Seven NVAF patients with thromboembolism (TE), eight without TE, and eight with normal sinus rhythm (NSR) were studied using transesophageal echocardiography. TDI was used to evaluate the LAA wall acceleration. Results: There was a decrease in the peak flow velocity in the TE group compared with the other two groups. There was greater LAA expansion in NVAF with TE groups (with TE [8.9 ± 2.1 cm2] compared with the group without TE [7.3 ± 2.8 cm2]), but the difference was not statistically significant; the difference was statistically significant compared with the NSR group (5.3 ± 1.2 cm2; P = 0.0035). The average of the continuous 40‐frames area where tissue Doppler acceleration (TDA) was >0.024 cm/sec2 was significantly lower in the TE group (0.12 ± 0.05 cm2) compared to the group without TE (0.33 ± 0.17 cm2; P = 0.0017) and NSR group (0.30 ± 0.13 cm2; P = 0.0042), although wall velocity was not significantly different comparing the two NVAF groups. Furthermore, peak flow velocity of LAA was well correlated with LAA wall acceleration (r = 0.864, P < 0.0001). Conclusions: LAA wall acceleration obtained utilizing the TDI technique may be a new predictor of thrombogenesis in patients with NVAF.


The exploration of new forms of teaching that improve learning ability is often motivated by its positive influence on economic growth and social prosperity. In this paper we present a set of IT tools which can empower small nations to contribute to the treasure of widely accessible educational resources, and at the same time enhance their ability for using these resources with no fears of endangering their identity, so tightly attached to culture, tradition and language. The context of our study is a national initiative to develop and apply technological as well as pedagogical solutions to serve teachers and learners at all levels of education in Slovenia. We demonstrate the post-processing abilities such as automatic translation on a case study video lecture. The preliminary evaluation of the results indicates that the used tools can typically improve both the quality and the speed of the process of automatic transcription and translation.


e14021 Background: The updated 2016 edition of the WHO Classification of CNS tumors indicates that IDH1 R132H, H3 K27M mutations, and co-deletion of 1p19q are strong stratification and prognostic markers glioma. FISH/IHC, as the commonly detected methods, present specific false-negative rates in the actual condition. Methods: In our study, IDH1 R132H status of 158 cases was assessed by IHC and NGS, and H3 K27M statuses of 83 patients were evaluated by IHC and NGS. 22 positive cases of 1p/19q co-deletion, all confirmed by FISH, were assessed by NGS. Results: For IDH1 R132H, 2 cases were IHC negative and were positive as confirmed by NGS. Another 10 patients with weakly IHC positive results were negative in NGS. Combined with histologic hallmarks, 6 cases of these samples could be diagnosed as glioblastoma, IDH wildtype; 1 case with POLE could be diagnosed as giant cell glioblastoma; 3 cases with BRAF V600E mutation, BRAF fusion, and ATRX mutation, respectively, could be diagnosed as pilocytic astrocytoma. Towards H3 K27M, 3 cases with IHC weakly positive were negative in NGS. Among these samples, 2 cases were diagnosed as glioblastoma, IDH wildtype by molecular and histologic hallmarks, and 1 case was medulloblastoma, SHH. Using NGS, IDH1 R132H /H3 K27M statues can be distinctly distinguished in which that is unknown by IHC. The results of NGS and FISH showed a 90.9%(20/22) consistent rate for the 1p19q co-deletion. 1 case was 1p deletion and intact 19q by FISH while 1p19q co-deletion by NGS because of the 19p deletion. 1 case was 1p19q co-deletion by FISH but 1p19q wildtype by NGS, diagnosed as glioblastoma, IDH wildtype with chr7+/10-. Conclusions: In our study, the agreement between NGS results and clinical pathology diagnosis was approximately 100%. NGS may act as the primary technology of molecular classification in glioma in the future.


In this paper is reported the synthesis of N,N′ hydroxy derivative of NHC silver (3a–4a) and gold(I) (3b–4b) complexes of general formula [M(NHC)2]+ [MX2]−. All compounds were characterized by spectroscopic and analytic techniques. The complexes turned out to be effective in both catalytic and biological applications. They catalyzed the coupling of aldehyde, piperidine, and phenylacetylene in A3-reaction to produce propargylamines and showed antimicrobial activity. In fact, minimal inhibition concentration (MIC) tests with Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria demonstrated that the silver compounds are selective toward E. coli, whereas the gold analogues are active against S. aureus. Moreover, the N,N′ hydroxy derivative of NHC silver complexes 3a and 4a exhibited good anticancer activity on the HeLA cancer cells (3a-IC50 = 12.2 ± 0.1 µM, 4a-IC50 = 11.9 ± 1.2 µM), whereas gold complex 4b displayed good anticancer activity towards the MCF-7 cells (IC50 = 12.2 ± 1.2 µM).


This article considers the problem of locating multiple new facilities to minimize the cost function consisting of the sum of weighted distances among new facilities and between new and existing facilities. The hyperboloid approximate procedure (HAP) is probably the most widely used approach for solving this problem. In this article, an optimality condition for this problem is derived and a method to accelerate the convergence rate of the HAP for the case of Euclidean distances is presented. From the numerical results presented in this article, it can be concluded that the performance of the new algorithm is superior to the performance of the original HAP.


Kampoeng Penjawi Mandiri is one of tourism that has potential to be developed
in Susukan Sub-district, but its existence is new and not yet known public. The
existence of Kampoeng Penjawi is expected to develop the existing tourism
potential in Kecamatan Susukan. This study aims to determine the perception of
visitors about the charm of existing charms, analyze the potential of existing
tourism and know the right development strategy for this tour. The method used in
this research is survey, field observation and interview. The results of this study
indicate that sapta charm is good enough, it's just not maximal in some aspects.
Kampoeng Penjawi Mandiri has high internal potential class and moderate
external potential grade. The development strategy is obtained through the SWOT
Kampoeng Penjawi Mandiri analysis which includes, the development and
improvement of the quality of the tourism object, the increase of attractions that
can absorb tourists, coordinate with private parties to invest, increase tourism
promotion, increase and optimize the natural potential and the uniqueness of
tourism increased empowerment in community involvement around tourist sites.


The SNO+ experiment is a large-scale liquid scintillator-based experiment, adapting the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory (SNO) detector located at SNOLAB, Canada. The main physics goal is to investigate the Majorana nature of neutrinos through the search for the neutrinoless double-beta decay of 130Te. The camera system of SNO+ is designed to photograph calibration sources and triangulate their locations with an accuracy of a couple of centimeters. This will lead to better calibrations and more accurate physics measurements in SNO+. The camera system, when operated in a special mode with underwater lights turned on, also allows monitoring of the physical state of the detector. The optical calibration source was deployed in the water filled SNO+ detector in the summer of 2017. Pictures of the deployed source were taken using the camera system while the underwater lights were turned on. The triangulation analysis of the pictures gave us an opportunity to test the position accuracy of the deployed source in SNO+ using the camera system.


The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of particle size of sunflower head residues and extraction conditions on yield and chemical quality of sunflower pectin. Pectin was extracted with sodium hexametaphosphate (SHMP) and nitric acid solution. The highest yield was obtained for 60 mesh particle size, however larger sizes (about 2 mm) can be used in industry for reason to facilitate the filtration process. The factors of pH and time of SHMP extraction affected the yield of pectin however strong statistical interacions among all of the three factors (pH, temperature and time) existed only for the firmness of jellies prepared at pH 2.4. Each of the factors of acid extraction of sunflower pectin (pH, temperature, time) had a strong effect on the yield, molecular mass and firmness of gels. There were no differences in moisture, ash and galacturonic acid content between SHMP- and acid-soluble pectin. The acid-soluble pectin had a higher degree of methylation (43.7%) than SHMP-soluble pectin (35.3%). The acid soluble-pectin, despite its higher yield (15.3%), compared to that of SHMP-soluble pectin (9%), had relatively poor gelling quality.


The prohibition against the giving of financial assistance by a company to persons who purchase or subscribe to a company's shares or to those of its holding company has, for a long time, been an important feature of company law. In Malaysia, this prohibition is enacted in s 67(1) of the Companies Act 1965 (Rev 1973) (Act 125). This article focuses on an important question that has arisen in Malaysia in relation to this section, namely, what are the civil consequences of a transaction that breaches the prohibition in s 67(1). Is the transaction valid despite the prohibition, or is it void or voidable? This article explores this question by examining case law and a significant amendment that was made to s 67 in 1992. It also discusses recent proposals that have been made by the Corporate Law Reform Committee of Malaysia to reform and modernise the law on this subject.


Provided is a sintered oxide compact that has high electroconductivity and a small B-constant (temperature coefficient), and that is suitable as an electroconductive material; also provided is a circuit board using same. A sintered oxide compact characterized in including a perovskite phase having a perovskite-type oxide crystal structure, and in being represented by the composition formula REaCobNicOx (where RE represents a rare earth element, a + b + c = 1, and 1.3 ≤ x ≤ 1.7). In the formula, a, b, and c satisfy the following relationships: 0.459 ≤ a ≤ 0.535, 0.200 ≤ b ≤ 0.475, 0.025 ≤ c ≤ 0.300


ABSTRACT This study aims to provide direct evidence of exchange rate volatility's impact on corporate credit risk by using data from Chinese listed companies. I adopt an identification strategy based on regional heterogeneity across the country and obtain robust results, showing that higher exchange rate volatility increases corporate credit risk, mainly by worsening firms' profitability and financial flexibility. Additionally, I find that the impact of exchange rate volatility on corporate credit risk through the above channels is primarily concentrated in large enterprises, state-owned enterprises (SOEs), and capital-intensive enterprises.


Enter five numbers, but do not enter all zeros ERO firm name do not enter all zeros | Do not send to the IRS. Keep for your records.


Shock waves play an important role in turbulent astrophysical media by compressing the gas and dissipating the turbulent energy into the thermal energy. Here, we study shocks in magnetohydrodynamic turbulence using high-resolution simulations. Turbulent Mach numbers of and initial magnetic fields of plasma beta β0 = 0.1–10 are considered, targeting turbulences in interstellar and intracluster media. Specifically, we present the statistics of fast and slow shocks, such as the distribution of shock Mach numbers (Ms) and the energy dissipation at shocks, based on refined methodologies for their quantifications. While most shocks form with low Ms, strong shocks follow exponentially decreasing distributions of Ms. More shocks appear for larger and larger β0. Fast shock populations dominate over slow shocks if β0 ≫ 1, but substantial populations of slow shocks develop in the cases of β ≲ 1, i.e., strong background fields. The shock dissipation of turbulent energy occurs preferentially at fast shocks with Ms ≲ of a few to several, and the dissipation at strong shocks shows exponentially decreasing functions of Ms. The energy dissipation at shocks, normalized to the energy injection, ϵshock/ϵinj, is estimated to be in the range of ∼0.1–0.5, except for the case of and β0 = 0.1, where the shock dissipation is negligible. The fraction decreases with it is close to ∼0.4–0.6 for , while it is ∼0.1–0.25 for . The rest of the turbulent energy is expected to dissipate through the turbulent cascade. Our work will add insights into the interpretations of physical processes in turbulent interstellar and intracluster media.


There are a number of management roles that must be played if a nonprofit organi zation is to be successful. Drawing on the work of Mintzberg, ten managerial roles in nonprofit organizations are reviewed and prescriptions about the appropriate al location of each role between board and staff are advanced. Throughout, it is stres sed that recognition of the skills of the executive director and the responsibilities of the board of directors is critical for appropriately assigning the various functions. Finally, teamwork should be the ultimate goal of the board and staff in order to move the organization toward fulfilling its mission.


Human papilloma virus (HPV) has a well‐established carcinogenic role in certain head and neck cancers. These HPV associated cancers possess unique clinicopathological behavior and exhibits better prognosis than their negative counterparts. Detection through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has been considered as the "gold standard" but imposes burden in low resource settings. Therefore, in the present study, we assessed the validity of cytomorphological features for the detection of HPV in oral leukoplakia (OL), oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC).


The article begins with a counter-narrative that focuses on the workplace tensions experienced by an Australian pre-school teacher. Drawing on Van Soerst & Bryant's conceptualisation of violence, the author deconstructs the counter-narrative to identify a range of forces (individual, organisational, structural-cultural) that may contribute to workplace violence in early childhood settings. The author's underlying assumption is that we need to problematise prevailing non-critical constructions of early childhood settings as exemplifying communities of care if we are to work more effectively towards realising this ideal.


The article researches the role of the graduate of the St. Petersburg Church Singers' Cappella Pavel Iosefovich Ivanov-Radkevich in the creation of the unique image of the musical and artistic life of Krasnoyarsk of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Understanding the universals and the specificity of the development of cultural processes of Siberia, Ivanov-Radkevich catalyzed their unfolding, in many ways predetermining the subsequent evolution of the artistic space of Krasnoyarsk. His abundant activities permeated virtually into all the basic elements of the musical life of Krasnoyarsk, forming and organizing them into an integral model of regional academic art. As the result of his self-sacrificing work a powerful replenishment was received by the professional musical sphere of Krasnoyarsk. His greatest achievement – founding the People's Conservatory, which successfully functions up to our days – presented a crucial moment of the swaying of the balance in favor of professionalization and its subsequent predominance within the system of the local academic traditions. In his struggle for the development of the visual arts, Radkevich ardently son Mikhail to become a painter. The personality of this specialist, formed and generated during the epoch of the Silver Age in the metropolis of Russia, its scale and cultural range of vision connected the center and the periphery, the capital and the province. He coordinated the living communication of the leading artistic forces of Krasnoyarsk (the musicians and the painters), synthesizing the various trends and traditions of academic art. He provided for a fullfledged inclusion of the Siberian town into the overall processes of constructing the system of Russian culture. The reported study was funded by Russian Foundation for Fundamental Research, the Government of the Krasnoyarsk Region, the Krasnoyarsk Regional Fund for Support of Science and Technology within the framework of research project №17-14-24006. Keywords: musical culture of Russia, musical culture of Siberia, musical academic culture, artistic life of Krasnoyarsk, People's Conservatory, P. I. Ivanov-Radkevich's school for drawing.


Collaborative filtering recommendation algorithms based on traditional matrix factorization model have poor robustness and low recommendation accuracy when facing shilling attacks. To address this issue, we propose a novel robust recommendation method based on kernel matrix factorization. We first construct a robust kernel matrix factorization model for collaborative recommendation by using kernel mapping of the rating matrix and kernel distance, and regulate residual error with the scale factor, which can enhance the power of the model's anti-attack and realize the robust estimation of user feature matrix and item feature matrix. Then we introduce kernel distance to compute the similarity between users in order to improve the credibility of user similarity and reduce the influence of attack profiles on the recommendation results. Finally, we devise a robust collaborative recommendation algorithm based on the kernel matrix factorization model. Experimental results show that our algorithm can improve the robustness and accuracy compared with the existing algorithms.


n a recent article, Professor Caroline Fohlin investigates the underpricing of initial public offerings (IPOs) and seasoned equity offerings (SEOs) at the Berlin Stock Exchange between 1882 and 1892 (Fohlin 2010). One of her key conclusion is that "underwriters directly reaped profits from pricing their purchase of new issues below market value" (Fohlin 2010, p. 653). According to Professor Fohlin, German underwriters could profit from asymmetric information among issuers, underwriters, and investors by taking the spread between the price the underwriter paid to issuers and the price at which they sold off to investors (Fohlin 2010, pp. 638 39). She calls this price difference "underwriter premium." The proxy used to measure the underwriter premium is the percentage difference between the offering price and the par value of a share (Fohlin 2010, p. 642). The mean values for the IPOs included in Professor Fohlin's study may illustrate her approach. In the typical case, the issuer sells the shares to the underwriter for 100. Subsequently, the underwriter offers the shares to the first investors for 132.5; and the first market price is 142. Thus, the issuer leaves 42 percent of the value on the table, the average underwriter premium is 32.5 percent, and initial returns for the first investors are 7.2 percent. This result is surprising given the findings of the modern finance literature. For example, initial returns at the U.S. stock market averaged about 15 percent between the 1970s and the 1990s and the spread taken by underwriters has been about 7 percent (Ritter and Welch 2002; Chen and Ritter 2000). Thus, if Professor Fohlin's findings are correct, in Germany during the 1880s, issuers left more money on the table, first investors earned lower initial returns, and underwriters earned a much larger premium. Professor Fohlin's finding of low initial returns for first investors confirms the established view from the literature. Moreover, it is also uncontroversial that the offering price was significantly higher than the par value (see Table 1). However, I provide evidence that the underwriter premium has often been shared between the underwriter and the issuer. In contrast to Professor Fohlin, who only assumes that the underwriter acquired the shares at par value from the issuer, I provide archival evidence from IPO contracts. It turns out that the acquisition price of the underwriter was on average above par. Consequently, the spread earned by the underwriter was smaller and the issuer left less money on the table.


This paper presents an assessment of the impact of forest structure (type of tree & broadleaf v deciduous proportion) on albedo and hence FAPAR as a proxy for productivity. This is an important topic given the link between productivity and climate and the use of remote sensing to estimate albedo across large areas. The paper is very well written, clear and the results are well presented. I have a few queries regarding the methods, particularly sensitivity and generality, but if the authors can address these then the paper is suitable to publish and would be of wide interest.


The Van der Waals constants for the five lowest energy levels of Cul interacting with noble-gas atoms have been calculated using a semiempirical method. A comparison with the values obtained from the Coulomb approximation is presented


Abstract Abiotic degradation of representative samples from available commercial photo(bio)degradable polyethylene films was examined with respect to the rate and extent of degradation, oxidation products, and changes in molecular weight both during outdoor exposure and in laboratory photoaging devices with different accelerating factors. Although the rate of photoxidation was found to depend on the type of degradation system used, all the samples showed rapid rate of carbonyl formation with concomitant reduction in molecular weight and mechanical properties on exposure to UV light. The photofragmented polymers were shown to be much more hydrophilic in nature compared to the unoxidized analogues, and photofragments of all samples were found to contain high levels of low molecular weight (bioassimilable) carboxylic acids and esters. Recycling behavior of virgin polyolefins, both as homopolymers and heterogenous polymer blends, which contained 10% of nonoxidized and photooxidized photo(bio)degradable plasti...


"W I think of writing a biography, I think of ... the color red in our living room. My mother said I could not have remembered it because I was only about 6 months old," Alice Neel said of her precocious recollection of red. Yet she was more than 70 years old before her art began to sell. In the meantime, she took a great interest in those around her: "I paint my time using people as evidence." "I love to paint people torn by all the things that they are torn by today in the rat race in New York." And as she created portrait after portrait, she came to see herself as a "painter of people" and "collector of souls."1 "The road that I pursued, and the road that I think keeps you an artist, is that no matter what happens to you, you still keep on painting." A native of Delaware County, Pennsylvania, Neel attended art school in Philadelphia before moving to New York. "I don't know what you expect to do with your life," her mother warned, "You're only a girl." A bohemian from the start, Neel resisted movements and labels. Though she came of age when the art scene was changing, she formed her own style, a mixture of figurative, expressionist, and abstract elements. "I am not against abstraction. What I can't stand is that the abstractionists pushed all the other pushcarts off the street." Some of her favorite painters, Morris Louis and Clyfford Still, were abstractionists. "I hate the New Realism. I hate equating a person and a room and a chair. Compositionally, a room, a chair, a table, and a person are all the same for me, but a person is human and psychological." "All during the 40s and 50s, New York was nothing but Abstract Expressionism and nobody painted people or anything like that .... They couldn't even let people painters get a foot in the door. But during that time I couldn't give up what I was interested in for what was the fashion, so I kept right on painting." Neel's choice, portraiture, was a declining genre, but she did not see it that way. "When portraits are good art, they reflect the culture, the time, and many other things." Neel painted full-body portraits of unconventional, controversial, or little-known persons around her, who were often asked to pose nude. "Every person is a new universe unique with its own laws." She dwelled on the character and circumstances of her subjects and her engagement with them. "I always loved the working class and the most wretched, but then I also loved the most effete and the most elegant." Her portrait of Andy Warhol gained great notoriety. During a career that stretched more than 5 decades and produced 3,000 works, she was called "radical" and worse. Neel had a turbulent life. She married Cuban artist Carlos Enriquez and moved to Havana, where they lived "painting night and day." She lost one child, age 11 months, to diphtheria, another soon afterward to the failed marriage. She became seriously ill, physically and emotionally. "I didn't see life as Picnic in the Park. I wasn't happy like Renoir." She had money problems well into her old age and often could not afford painting supplies. Aside from a rare sale, from 1933 to 1943, her income came from New Deal art projects. The Federal Arts Project of the Works Progress Administration provided a steady income and time to work. In return, she had to deliver a finished oil painting once every 4 to 6 weeks, depending on the size of the canvas. "This was fabulous," she said later, "as most of the artists had nothing in those days and in fact there were free lunches for artists in the village .... All the artists were on the project. If there had been no such cultural projects there might well have been a revolution." Eventually, project funding dried up, and she had to depend on public assistance. Her work began to receive some attention and she a degree of notoriety, but real recognition did not come until the 1970s. In the interim, she was investigated by FBI for her political activities. The files described her as a "romantic bohemian type communist." Neel remembered her rural small-town beginnings as "benighted, unenlightened, and obscured by darkness." As an adult, she lived in urban New York, first in Greenwich Village, then East or Spanish Harlem, where she accomplished her mission as "collector of souls" by finding and painting a fantastic array of colorful characters and capturing their individuality and uniqueness as well as their


This research explores the relationship between employees' disposition and several important job attitudes. Dispositional affect is a personality trait that describes people's emotional responses to situations. This study explored how affective disposition influences the job attitudes of work engagement, organizational commitment, and job satisfaction. Data were collected from a sample of librarians, and the results show that affective disposition strongly predicted the three job attitudes in the expected directions. The findings contribute to knowledge of the role of personality in the workplace and provide guidance for library managers on how best to facilitate positive job attitudes.


We provide a new constraint satisfaction system that extends the constraint network to an acyclic one, computes a join tree, and establishes the directional strong k-consistency before any attempt is made to construct a solution; after this, the variables are instantiated without any backtracking. This method is extremely efficient if the constraint network is acyclic and the number of variables per constraint is bounded by a small constant or if a lot of solutions have to be computed.<<ETX>>


In this paper, the mesh phases of sun gear and ring gear meshing with multi planets are analyzed respectively. The results show that the mesh phases are closely related to the teeth number of sun gear and ring gear, and the position angle of planet. Then, the gravity excitation is analyzed according to the different installation positions of the gearbox, and the dynamic response of the system under different conditions is solved. The results show that the mesh phase has a significant effect on the shape and amplitude of the component vibration trajectory; the different installation positions of the gearbox will make the component vibration trajectory deviate, and the mesh force on two sides of the herringbone gear is no longer equal.


The Brady Campaign initially promoted the 2008 election as a win for gun control, but detailed investigation indicates a pervasive attempt to manipulate their endorsement process for a favorable but misleading outcome.


One of the objectives of examining culture vis-a-vis additional language (L2) writing is to conceptualize an effective L2 writing pedagogy (Matsuda & Atkinson, 2008). Kaplan's (1966) analysis of English as an additional language (EAL) texts was a pioneering endeavour in this regard, although due to ensuing controversy surrounding his claims, the desired goals of his effort were never achieved, leaving a gap in culture studies of L2 writing (Abasi, 2012; Belcher, 2014). This article reports on an investigation of student views on what instructors can do to help overcome cultural challenges L2 writers encounter in an English for academic purposes (EAP) context. Drawing on data from semi-structured interviews and questionnaire surveys, this qualitative case study examined 27 students at a Canadian university. Data analysis yielded six categories of instructor support: (a) providing explicit feedback on writing; (b) providing English text structures; (c) using exemplars; (d) creating opportunities for in-class writing and reviews; (e) explaining cultural differences between first language (L1) and L2 writing; and (f) providing more writing practice. The findings underline the importance of instructors' roles in unpacking various cultural underpinnings in L2 writing. Also, they support the (re)conceptualization of L2 writing pedagogy that integrates empirical evidence into instruction. The implications for L2 writing instruction are discussed.


The collection includes correspondence, manuscripts, and first publications of Maine writer, Margaret Wade Deland. The bulk of the collection consists of letters written by Deland to various correspondents between 1884 and 1944. The collection also contains manuscript items of varying length, clippings, published writings, and a few photographic prints. Preferred Citation Collection of Margaret Wade Deland Materials, Colby College Special Collections, Waterville, Maine. ^ Return to Table of