Under the name of Mysophobia (Muooq, defilement, pollution, con tamination, and Qcfio^fiear), I propose to describe a form of mental derangement of which several cases have come under my charge, and which, I think, has not received that attention from psychiatric physi cians which its importance deserves. As the name I have given it implies, it is characterized by a morbid, overpowering fear of defile ment or contamination. Under the designation of La fiolie du doute (avec delire du toucher} M. Le Grand du Saulle* has described an affection which has some marked relations with that which I now bring to the notice of the society, and cases in which this fear of contamination was a promi nent feature, have been reported by other authors ; but no one, previous to this time, has, so far as I know, called special attention to the remarkable phenomenon, which, I think, particularly characterizes the disorder, which is, in fact, the essential symptom, and which ought, I conceive, to determine its nomenclature. The instances which have come under my observation were not, with one exception, marked by any feeling of doubt in the minds of the subject, or necessarily with


The antimicrobial properties of silver nanoparticles are being more often used in consumer products (deodorants, bandages, sprays, etc.). Numerous studies showed their phyto-, cyto-, and genotoxic effects of nanoparticles on both plant and animal organisms. In this study, the effect of nanoparticles (in the concentration range 0.5 - 25 mg L-1) was investigated using duckweed which is often used as a test organism. The standardized Lemna test has been performed in which plants are exposed to a toxicant over a period of 48 hours. Content of chlorophylls and carotenoids as well as of some oxidative stress indicators has been determined. The inhibition of growth and chlorophylls and carotenoid contents was noticed in response to nanoparticles. In contrast, oxidative damage to membrane lipids and proteins markedly increased in duckweed exposed to nanosilver which suggests great damage to membrane lipids. The activities of antioxidative enzyme increased in response to lower nanosilver treatments and significantly declined in response to higher concentrations. The results of the study indicate that oxidative stress is involved in the mechanism of nanosilver toxicity.


Let (G, E) be a quasi-ordered group such that E∩E -1 is infinite, (G, G +) an ordered group with G +EG, and (G, G 1) the partially ordered group induced by (G, E).Let γ E, G + ∶T G + →T E and γ E, G 1 ∶T G 1 →T E be the corresponding natural morphisms between Toeplitz algebras. We prove that the kernel Ker γ E, G + is rigid,while Ker γ E, G 1 is equal to the compact-operator ideal on  2(G 1), and all Fredholm operators in the Toeplitz algebra T G 1 are of index zero.


by Tom Barry WHOSE SIDE ARE YOU ON? THAT'S THE question that President George W Bush asked in the aftermath of the 9/11 attacks. And he gave the world his answer and warning: "Either you are with us or against us.'I The President has not retreated from his "them-versus-us" framing of international affairs. At home, restrictionist groups demanding a clampdown on legal and illegal immigration are framing the immigration debate in the same dualistic terms. They insist that U.S. political leaders tell the public whose side they are onthe side of pro-immigrant groups, or the side of the opponents of "mass immigration," "open borders" and "immigrant terrorists." The "whose side are you on" question about immigration is sparking political fires across the country-from U.S. border communities in southeastern Arizona where citizen vigilantes proudly say they are protecting the "home front," to the halls of Congress. An increasingly powerful caucus of Republican representatives is pushing to close the borders to the immigrants that stream across on a daily basis and to deport the 9 to 10 million unauthorized immigrants living within U.S. borders. Anti-immigrant movements are, of course, nothing new in the United States. Campaigns against new immigrants have generally coincided with the business cycle, rising in intensity with economic slowdowns, declining in times of prosperity There are two main corollaries to this rule. One, the U.S. public generally views immigrants with more or less hostility according to the color of their skin, their English-speaking abilities, and the degree to which their religions and cultures depart from Judeo-Christianity and what conservative Harvard scholar Samuel P Huntington calls the "American Creed."2 Two, in times of war, immigrants from nations in conflict with the United States are especially suspect. Grassroots campaigns that blame immigrants for job losses and declining wage levels, as well as charges that fault the immigrant population for crime and public health crises, have coursed through U.S. history, ebbing and surging in response to economic and political circumstances. Certainly, the deepening sense of vulnerability experienced by many U.S. citizens today " Tom Barry is an associate of the Americas Program of the International Relations Center (IRC), online at


Deformation and rupture of rock mass under loading cause the variation of electric potential. Response characteristics of self-potential and stress during the complete stress-strain process of red sandstones play an important role in evaluating the stress state of sandstone on the basis of self-potential. Experimental results demonstrate that the stress of red sandstone under uniaxial compression is linearly correlated with the self-potential difference before the first inflection point in the initial stage of loading. The average variation rate of self-potential difference and stress is 0.1325 mV MPa−1. As the loading pressure gradually increases and enters the softening stage (before the maximum loading point), the catastrophic points of uniaxial loading stress correspond to the inflection point of self-potential. The self-potential of red sandstone varies in a range of 0–45.6 mV in that case and it fluctuates most significantly around the maximum loading point, with a range of 0.3–195.5 mV. In the end stage of loading, the macroscopic rupture of the red sandstone sample is complete, the self-potential of red sandstone fluctuates slightly around the maximum load point and then gradually stabilizes. Moreover, it is found that self-potentials change more significantly in the radial direction than in the axial direction in the uniaxial compression experiment, indicating that self-potentials generated by rock mass rupture are more sensitive in the radial direction. The rupture process of red sandstone can be dynamically represented by the tempo-spatial evolution profiles of self-potential.


Provided is a noise abatement case, comprising an internal layer of sound insulating casing and an external layer of sound insulating casing, wherein a gap is arranged between the internal layer of sound insulating casing and the external layer of sound insulating casing which are mutually connected via an elastic element. The noise abatement case of the utility model carries out better sound insulation by arranging an internal layer of sound insulating casing and an external layer of sound insulating casing and realizes better damping by arranging an elastic member, thereby making the noise abatement case of the utility model present better performance in both sound insulation and damping performance.


The optimization of HVAC system is an important part of building energy conservations. As a complex nonlinear system with large inertia and large lag, the traditional HVAC system adjusts temperature based on the current indoor temperature, so that the control does not involve future changes. Therefore, accurately predicting the building indoor temperature will help more stable control and provide a reference for system tuning. Air handling unit dataset, which is established by the US Department of Energy for experiments, is used in this article, and the long short-term memory (LSTM) model is also used to predict the temperature. The MAE of predictions of the final model is about 0.077 °F, and the RMSE is about 0.107 °F. The experimental results show that the LSTM can efficiently learn the trends and features of the data, and higher prediction accuracy than the traditional back propagation neural network (BP) and multi-layer perceptron (MLP).


Objective
To investigate the value of measurement of cardiac output in children by bioreactance versus echocardiography.

Methods
Pediatric patients admitted in pediatric department of Peking University First Hospital from September to December 2012 who needed hemodynamic monitoring were enrolled prospectively.Cardiac index(CI) and stroke volume(SV) were measured by echocardiography and non-invasive cardiac output measurement(NICOM) and compared by Spearman correlation and Bland-Altman analysis.

Results
Thirty patients were included.The median age was 7.25 years.CI[M(P5, P95)]measured by NICOM and echocardiography were correlated significantly[3.42(2.28, 4.92) L/(min·m2) vs.3.51(2.94, 4.85) L/(min·m2), R=0.385, P=0.035]. Bland-Altman analysis revealed a bias of -0.22 L/(min·m2)(P=0.051), limits of agreement of -1.40 to 0.95 L/(min·m2). SV[M(P5, P95)]measured by NICOM and echocardiography were correlated more significantly[36.3(12.6, 87.8) ml vs.39.4(14.7, 86.9) ml, R=0.768, P<0.001]. Bland-Altman analysis revealed a bias of -3.1 ml(P=0.176), limits of agreement of -27.4 to 21.2 ml.

Conclusion
There is no significant difference between NICOM and echocardiography for the measurement of CI and SV in pediatric patients.Further validation studies need to be conducted before routine clinical use.

Key words:
Bioreactance; Cardiac index; Stroke volume; Children,


In this paper, we study the construction of verifiably encrypted signature in certificateless public key setting. We first present the notion and the new security model for certificateless verifiably encrypted signature (CLVES) and then present a concrete CLVES scheme based on Zhang's certificateless signature (CLS) [1], and provide the security analysis for the proposed scheme. It proves that our CLVES scheme is secure in the random oracle model by assuming the intractability of the Computational Diffie-Hellman Problem.


In this study,the status and problems of the hierarchy of marine function zones were analyzed.Benefiting from the hierarchy and control system of the land-use planning and the urban planning,as well as the main idea of "anti-planning,and considering the influence of Administrative Regionalism System on the settings of the hierarchy of marine functional zoning,the framework of the hierarchy of marine functional zones was designed.The framework was comprised of the guiding ideology of hierarchy,principle,hierarchical control methods,level settings and content.It was aimed to provide the support for the goals implement of the marine function zones at all levels.


Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) are the second most common infections that infect millions of people worldwide. UTI can occur anywhere along the urinary tract and may cause symptomatic infection to complete renal failure. Most UTIs are caused by Escherichia coli (E. coli) which exhibit a high degree of both phenotypic and genetic diversity and disseminated in various geographical regions of the world. The aim of the present study was to determine the foremost pathogen responsible for UTIs and to investigate its genetic lineage in Pakistan. The clean clutch midstream urine samples of 174 (78% females and 22% males) patients with clinical symptoms of UTI from Gujranwala and Faisalabad districts of Pakistan, were cultured for the isolation of bacterial agents. The bacterial species were identified by standard biochemical and molecular tests. Out of total 174 samples, 84 (48%) were found urine culture positive with CFU >104. Among them, E. coli was the most frequent bacterium (n=51, 60.7%) isolated from patients followed by Pseudomonas sp. (n=13, 15.4 %), Klebsiella sp. (n=9, 10.7%), Proteus sp. (n=7, 8.3%), and Staphylococcus aureus (n=4, 4.7%). To perform phylogenetic analysis of E. coli isolates, partial 16S rRNA was amplified and sequenced. Sequences were aligned and edited using CodonCode Aligner. Phylogenetic tree constructed on the basis of 613 bp fragment of 16S rRNA, using MEGA6.1 through NeighborJoining method revealed that majority of E. coli isolates (n=16) had close relatedness with established uropathogenic strain ST-131. Eight isolates resembled closely and grouped with each of ST-101 and ST-14 strains while seven isolates showed high similarity with ST-648 strain followed by ST-73 strain indicating genetic closeness with four local isolates. It is concluded that genetically diverse uropathogenic E. coli are prevalent in the clinical setting of Pakistan in the studied area. The data of these isolated E. coli strains would improve our understanding about the epidemiology of this organism and may serve as baseline information for future researchers in the days ahead.


The anthology on which Iain Galbraith is presently at work will be the first retrospective overview of twentieth-century Scottish poetry to appear in translation. Over the last twenty-five years, however, eleven translation anthologies have been published featuring selections of contemporary Scottish verse or of Scottish poetry across the ages (these are listed in my Appendix). To what extent, then, have these met Iain Galbraith's demand that a translation anthology reflect not only the trilingualism of Scottish literature but the poly vocal, synthetic character of twentieth-century verse in all three of Scotland's languages? A study of the translation strategies employed suggests that editors and translators have largely failed to engage with the linguistic complexity of Scottish verse, and highlights ideological and institutional factors that militate against the recognition and translation of heteroglossia. Only a minority of these eleven anthologies (the first translation anthologies of Scottish verse since the mid-nineteenth century) represent Scottish literature as a multilingual tradition. Only four feature translations from English, Scots, and Gaelic alike (those listed in the Appendix for 1979, IO*82, 1992, and 1998). One, an Israeli volume of 1988, includes both English and Scots verse. Two apiece limit their selections to verse in English (1992 and 1998), in Scots (1976 and 1997), and in Gaelic (1986 and 1993). Only two of the monolingual anthologists assert that the language represented constitutes the authentic tradition of Scottish verse. For the editors of La nuova poesia scozzese, 1997, Scots is the only language in which Scottish poets can express their deepest emotions (p. 9). Those of Six poetes ecossaisy 1991, argue, conversely, that the media-driven spread of English has not only irretrievably distanced Scots from everyday discourse, rendering it an essentially artificial medium, but has thwarted hopes for a revival of the Gaelic tradition (p. 7). Other anthologists acknowledge the co-existence of three linguistic traditions but justify a


AIM: To investigate the effects of prestorage γ ray radiation on the cytokine levels in preservative red cells during storage. METHODS: Preservative red cells were prepared by centrifugation from 6 donors and irradiated by γ ray at the dose of 25 Gy and then were stored for 5 weeks at 4℃. Cytokine concentrates were measured at the first, third and fifth weekend with self control by ELISA. RESULTS: The content of cytokines increased with storage time both in irradiated and control group. Before storage the contents (ng·L -1 ) of IL 1β, IL 6, IL 8 and TNF αin control group were 0.47±0.07, 0.07±0.02, 16.46±0.42 and 0.18±0.01, but after storage the content of this cytokines increased to 18.85±0.79, 0.56±0.04, 290.07±2.44 and 4.43±0.33 respectively. Before storage, the contents of IL 1β, IL 6, IL 8 and TNF αin irradiated group were 0.45± 0.06, 0.06±0.01, 16.40±0.54 and 0.17±0.01, but after storage the content of this cytokines increased to 0.69± 0.04, 0.31±0.03, 23.45±1.85 and 1.25±0.07 respectively. Contents of this cytokines in the control group increased more significantly than those in the irradiated group and the cytokine levels in the control group were higher than those in the irradiated group. CONCLUSION: γ ray irradiation can inhibit the increase of cytokines during the storage of preservative red cells and can prevent febrile nonhemolytic transfusion reactions and transfusion associated graft versus host diseases.


Encapsulation of cells in nanoporous silica gels has shown great potential for the development of biotechnology applications such as biosensors, biocatalysis, bioremediation, energy conversion systems, and cellular therapies [1]. However, even though the inorganic matrix confers improved mechanical properties, chemical and thermal stability, and is resistant to microbial attacks, long-term viability and function after encapsulation remains as one of the principal setbacks of this technology [2].Copyright © 2012 by ASME


In this paper, a novel magnetic transport saddle based on the electro-permanent magnet (EPM) technology is proposed. A strong and stable magnetic force can be generated by passing only a momentary current during loading and unloading since the magnetic force is provided by the internal permanent magnet, not the electromagnet. The EPM system is convenient to control and has low energy consumption. This research commenced with a preliminary design of the magnetic circuit structure and circuit structure. The feasibility of this magnetic circuit structure is verified by theoretical derivation and magnetic field simulation, and the factors influencing the magnetic force are further investigated. Subsequently, transient thermal analysis was performed for the extreme case of continuous magnetization and demagnetization. Then, a series of experiments such as electrical circuit, magnetic field, and tensile test were performed for the EPM chuck. Based on the magnetic element, the magnetic transport saddle is designed and the magnetic field simulation is performed for the magnetization state. In addition, when the wall thickness of the transport cylinder is too thin and the magnetic force is insufficient, this paper proposes a solution to increase the cushions inside the transported equipment. Finally, the energy-saving performance of the magnetic transport saddle based on the EPM technology is calculated.


The sequence stratigraphy of the Guantao Formation was investigated by integrating lithostratigraphic,well log,paleontological,and seismic stratigraphic data.Three system tracts,LST(low-stand system tract),TST(transgressive system tract)and HST(high-stand system tract)were recognized.Base on base-level cycle analysis,three kind of base-level cycles(SSC:short-term baselevel cycle sequence;MSC:medium-term baselevel cycle sequence;and LSC:long-term baselevel cycle sequence)in Guantao Formation were recognized.The Guantao Formation is divided into two LSCs and four MSCs(MSC1 to MSC4).The depth of 2782 to 2917 meter of the D5-1 well belongs to the Dongying Formation,whose upper boundary marks the base of the Guantao Formation.Ascertaining the lower boundary of the Guantao Formation and a detailed sequence stratigraphic investigation of the Dongying Formation provide important stratigraphic basis to support the oil and gas exploration in the middle Bohai Bay Basin.


The market in which firms compete magnifies the need for buying firms to effectively manage and develop their supply chain. One of the important notions in the management and development of the supply chain is the implementation of supplier development program. Previous extensive literature review has identified various types of activity in the supplier development program, which categorized as low involvement activity to high involvement activity. Further, extensive literatures on supplier development program implementation and its implication on supplier's capability are also available. However, there is still limited empirical research for investigating the determinants of knowledge sharing effectiveness in supplier development programs. Aimed at bridging that gap, this study attempts to investigating the role of supplier's organizational culture, information and communication technology (ICT), and perceived behavioral control as the determinants of knowledge sharing effectiveness by mentorship in the supplier development program (SD). A survey questionnaire was employed to collect data from 200 suppliers after conducting mentorship training at the suppliers' site. The data were analyzed using bootstrap resampling method (with 5,000 resamples). The bootstrap samples are used to estimate the Partial Least Square (PLS) path model. The results of path analysis indicated that all variables are significantly associated with knowledge sharing effectiveness with mentoring mechanism (p-values< 0.05) except collaborative culture to knowledge sharing effectiveness which was insignificant. It was also observed that ICT and perceived behavioral control affected the effectiveness of knowledge sharing by mentorship in the SD program.


Kastan notes that Hamlet's intense grief at the beginning of the play is caused because he misses his dear father and 'not the Sarum rite' (p. 126). Likewise, Kastan disagrees with Stephen Greenblatt's observation that the play is about a Protestant hero who is 'haunted by a distinctly Catholic ghost' (p. 134). Thus, the book ends by repeating its sensible conclusion: for dramatic purposes, Shakespeare deeply engaged with the religious beliefs of his day, but it is erroneous to read systematic and sectarian theology in his creative works. raJiv tHind, The University of Queensland


An investigation of the relative speed and effectiveness of two computer vision algorithms has been conducted. One algorithm incorporates a two-level data hierarchy. The other incorporates a one-level hierarchy and serves as a relatively conventional basis for comparison. The computer vision algorithms, programmed in Fortran, detect and recognize a moving square. Both computer vision algorithms could readily be implemented in existing hardware. The two-level algorithm was found to be up to 90% faster than the one-level


This paper presents a description of a new method to generate a short impulse based on a counter designed on BiCMOS SiGe technology. This architecture includes a new method to modify the PRF (pulse repetition frequency) by changing the counter division ratio and an easy way to control the impulse frequency center. A pseudo-noise sequence prescaler modulates the impulses with specific modulation schemes, such as pulse position, bi-phase modulation or a combination of both. The total power consumption is 65 mA at 7GHz.


Pose estimation relating two-dimensional (2D) images to three-dimensional (3D) rigid object need some known features to track. In practice, there are many algorithms which perform this task in high accuracy, but all of these algorithms suffer from features lost. This paper investigated the pose estimation when numbers of known features or even all of them were invisible. Firstly, known features were tracked to calculate pose in the current and the next image. Secondly, some unknown but good features to track were automatically detected in the current and the next image. Thirdly, those unknown features which were on the rigid and could match each other in the two images were retained. Because of the motion characteristic of the rigid object, the 3D information of those unknown features on the rigid could be solved by the rigid object's pose at the two moment and their 2D information in the two images except only two case: the first one was that both camera and object have no relative motion and camera parameter such as focus length, principle point, and etc. have no change at the two moment; the second one was that there was no shared scene or no matched feature in the two image. Finally, because those unknown features at the first time were known now, pose estimation could go on in the followed images in spite of the missing of known features in the beginning by repeating the process mentioned above. The robustness of pose estimation by different features detection algorithms such as Kanade-Lucas-Tomasi (KLT) feature, Scale Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT) and Speed Up Robust Feature (SURF) were compared and the compact of the different relative motion between camera and the rigid object were discussed in this paper. Graphic Processing Unit (GPU) parallel computing was also used to extract and to match hundreds of features for real time pose estimation which was hard to work on Central Processing Unit (CPU). Compared with other pose estimation methods, this new method can estimate pose between camera and object when part even all known features are lost, and has a quick response time benefit from GPU parallel computing. The method present here can be used widely in vision-guide techniques to strengthen its intelligence and generalization, which can also play an important role in autonomous navigation and positioning, robots fields at unknown environment. The results of simulation and experiments demonstrate that proposed method could suppress noise effectively, extracted features robustly, and achieve the real time need. Theory analysis and experiment shows the method is reasonable and efficient.


Introduction: Human pulmonary perfusion is not homogeneously distributed. Analysis of pulmonary perfusion spatial distribution (SD) variations, could be useful in the evaluation of pulmonary disorders. We developed a new tracer called PulmoBind (PB), which binds to the adrenomedullin receptor abundantly expressed in the lung endothelium. Nowadays, all imagery methods rely on physical agents distributed within the pulmonary circulation and whose external signals are reflections of perfusion. There is no clinically validated imaging agent that relies on biologic functions of the endothelium properties and could quantitatively assess the spatial distribution of metabolic active pulmonary circulation (SDMAPC). The aim of this study was to determine the ability of the endothelial cell tracer PB to measure the SDMAPC in human. Methods: Healthy subjects (n=20) were included in the PB phase I trial (NCT01539889). SPECT imaging was performed in the supine position 90 min after injection. SD was determined as mean ...


This paper seeks to provide a set of three scenarios for the year 2015 (of which a high skills society is but one), and then see where current policy trajectories might lead in terms of these different projections of what the future might look like. The value of this heuristic device, it will be argued, is that it presents policies as courses of action and choice that become set (path dependency), thereby offering access to certain options while excluding many others. One of the aims of adopting this device is to make it clear where it can be argued current government policies are leading England and what the consequences of this trajectory and its associated destination are liable to be.


Military aid is a strategy that the United States uses in the international system in order to promote its interests in countries that are considered as allies. Likewise, mainly the U.S. Congress, has made an effort to regulate such assistance to parameters of respect for human rights. One of these mechanisms is known as the Leahy Law, which is a tool of political conditionality that pretends to persuade other counterparts' behavior if they want to keep receiving the military support. Having this in mind, this study explores why the Leahy Law has a limited effect when generating a positive change concerning the respect and promotion of human rights in countries which are recipients of U.S. assistance. Thus, it argues that this law has had a limited effect because it is a tool which is applied in nations that are considered as friends and, furthermore, they are states where Washington has interests related to its national security. Because of these factors, the application of the Leahy Law becomes flexible and subjective. This article is divided in three sections; first, it explores the literature related to coercive diplomacy, in order to identify the scenarios where tools such as this law are prone to have a limited influence when promoting human rights; secondly, it traces the role of human rights in U.S. foreign policy to observe the kind of relation that they have with other foreign policy issues, for example, those associated to national security; finally, it describes the content of the Leahy Law and its particular application to the Colombian military units (brigadas).


Experiments on the behaviour under glasshouse conditions of schradan and demeton-S applied to different species of plants are reviewed.

Following application of schradan to leaves, some was absorbed and some evaporated. Absorption occurred both in light and darkness but higher temperatures accelerated initial absorption. Whilst the two surfaces of broad bean and Coleus leaves were equally absorptive, the lower surface of apple and chrysanthemum leaves absorbed more than their upper surface. Application of demeton-S to leaves was followed by three processes—evaporation, change into less volatile, toxic derivatives, and absorption, and the chemical was effectively removed from the leaf surface within a few hours. The products derived from demeton-S were also absorbed but at a slower rate. The evaporation of demeton-S gave rise to a fumigant effect.

Translocation of schradan from treated leaves to other parts of the plant occurred, mainly in an upward direction and in amounts sufficient to kill aphids. Schradan was also found in the nectar of borage and mustard flowers following leaf application before the flowers had opened. The schradan appeared to be translocated in the phloem. Translocation from leaves treated with demeton-S was never sufficient to kill aphids feeding elsewhere on the plant, and no unchanged demeton-S and only small amounts of its toxic derivatives were found in untreated leaves or nectar.

Species differences were found in the rate of breakdown of schradan after absorption from leaves and in the relative rate of breakdown of schradan in treated leaves and in those receiving schradan by translocation. The primary derivatives of demeton-S were retained for several weeks, especially within treated leaves. The breakdown rates of both schradan and demeton-S slowed down towards the end of the growing season.

Following root application to broad beans in sand or soil, unchanged demeton-S was absorbed and detected in the shoot tip where concentrations of demeton-S and its primary derivatives were present in amounts sufficient to kill Aphis fabae. Movement in xylem following root application seems to occur freely.


Approximately 2,000 men and women were employed in the fur-cutting industry in 1934, preparing the fur of rabbits and hares so that it could be used subsequently in the manufacture of felt hats. At an early stage in the manufacturing process the pelts are treated with a solution containing mercury dissolved in nitric acid, and at every later stage workmen are exposed to mercury vapor arising from the mercury-treated fur. It has long been known that cases of chronic mercurialism occur in this industry, but there has hitherto been no information concerning the proportion of fur cutters who were affected, and there has likewise been no information concerning the relation between exposure to mercury vapor and the incidence of chronic mercurialism. To help remedy this lack of information a medical and engineering study of five representative fur-cutting factories employing 529 persons was made by members of the Office of Industrial


This contribution illustrates the common relations that have
developed between the Region of South Bohemia and the People's
Republic of China in the field of education, business and
entrepreneurship, health care systems, culture and tourism
since 2004. The opening section focuses on the historical bonds
of co-operation between both countries. What follows is an
insight into the business and cultural differences as they are
perceived by several Chinese students studying for one semester
in the Czech Republic.


The effects of edge blur on minimally distinct border (MDB) judgments were investigated using a computerized color video system. A single observer made MDB matches of the red, green, and blue primaries and fixed-ratio binary mixtures of the primaries to a 30-townsend (TD) standard white. The method of adjustment was used. The monitor was 260 cm from the observer and viewed through a Powell achromatizing lens. The stimuli were 1° 30′h × 40′V and were presented with a 4-s on duty/0.25-s off duty cycle. The edge separating test and standard stimuli were formed either by appropriate step functions for each of the three monitor guns or by functions computed by spatial convolution of the appropriate sharp edges with Gaussian blur functions having standard deviations of 1, 2, 4, or 8 min of arc. Within the range of spatial and chromatic parameters explored, the spectral sensitivity, precision, and additivity of the MDB matches were all essentially unaffected by the introduction of edge blur. The results suggest that the sharpness of a border is less important than has been assumed in determining the characteristics of MDB matches.


PURPOSE: To mix an animation sequence with computer graphics to simultaneously display them by mixing the animation sequence stored in a compressed form with computer graphics and synchronizing the animation sequence released from compression with computer graphics. CONSTITUTION: A CO-ROM drive 26 supplies compressed data indicating the animation sequence to an animation sequence generator 20. This generator 20 reads a block of compressed picture elements from a specific frame from a clutch pad memory 44 and releases them from compression to obtain individual digital picture elements and sends them to a single line store 36 and synchronizes them with graphic picture information there. A control logic 40 selects the operation of a digital mixer 34 through a control bus. The output of the digital mixer 34 where the animation sequence and graphics are mixed is sent to a video DAC 42, and analog R, G, and B signals to be sent to a computer monitor 22 are generated there.


THESIS: Effects of Carbohydrate Supplementation on Variable-Intensity Exercise Responses in Boys and Men STUDENT: Lisa Guth DEGREE: Master of Science COLLEGE: Applied Technology DATE: July 2009 PAGES: 82 This study examined the physiological and perceptual effects of carbohydrate (CHO) on variable-intensity exercise (VIE) in boys and men. It was hypothesized that CHO would increase RER in boys and men and that this increase would be greater in boys. Additionally, it was hypothesized that RPE would be attenuated by CHO. Five boys (10-12 years) and seven men (18-30 years) consumed CHO or a placebo (PL) beverage before and throughout VIE. VIE included three 12-min sets of cycling; intensity varied every 20-30 seconds between 25, 50, 75, and 125% VO2max. Boys' post-exercise glucose was higher in the CHO trial than the PL trial and RER was lower in boys than men, but was not affected by trial. RPE increased over time but was not different between groups or trials. Though VIE responses varied between boys and men, CHO ingestion before and during VIE did not provide physiological or perceptual benefits.


This paper describes how transportation engineers and planners worldwide are faced with the challenge of improving transit services in urban areas utilizing low cost means. Transit signal priority is considered to be an effective way to improve transit service reliability and efficiency. In light of the interest in testing and deploying transit signal priority on a major arterial in Northern Virginia, this research focuses on the impacts of transit signal priority along the U.S.1 corridor in Fairfax County, in terms of benefits to transit and impacts on other traffic. Using a simulation tool, VISSIM, these impacts were assessed considering a ten second green extension priority strategy. Also, this assessment is being supported by a field study giving researchers an opportunity to compare simulation and field study results. The results of the simulation analysis indicated that the Fairfax Connector buses benefit from the green extension strategy with little to no impact on the other non-transit traffic. Overall, improvements of 3.61% were found for bus service reliability and 2.64% for bus efficiency, while negative impacts were found in the form of increases in queue lengths on side streets by a maximum value of approximately one vehicle. Preliminary field results show a comparable improvement in bus efficiency of 2.38%. While evaluating the impacts of provision of priority to transit buses this research emphasizes that 'green extension' strategy provides constant benefits with little to no disbenefit to other traffic. This research tries to provide a comparative depiction of results consistent with past studies showing 'green extension' as a viable option, even in most congested corridors without disrupting non-transit traffic.


The objective of the study was to evaluate the influence of the drying method (under sunlight and shade) of the foliage of Morus alba (mulberry), Boehmeria nivea (ramie) and Tithonia diversifolia (Mexican sunflower), on the dehydration dynamics and meal quality. The water loss, under sunlight and shade, of the edible biomass of each species, was determined. The yield and bromatological quality were quantified in the dehydrated foliage. A completely randomized design was used, with two treatments and seven replicas each. The foliage dehydration was reached after five days with both drying methods, in the three species. The yield in meal was higher in mulberry, than in ramie and Mexican sunflower (186,4; 131,5 and 81,2 g /kg GM, respectively); however, in each species it had a similar value with both drying forms. In mulberry and ramie, although the dehydration method did not affect the CP content of the meal, under shade the highest values of DM (88,2 %), ADF (33,8 %) and cellulose (26,8 %) were detected in the former, as well as the value of ADF (39,8 %), cellulose (25,8 %) and lignin (9,2 %) in the latter. In Mexican sunflower, the drying under sunlight produced a higher CP content (27,1 %); while DM (89,6 %), ADF (34,1 %) and cellulose (25,7 %) were higher with drying under shade. It is concluded that both drying types constitute an alternative to dehydrate the edible biomass of the three species, with little affectation of the bromatological indicators.


The development of the agricultural business in the traditional Georgian villages is not connected with significant losses and costs thus it allows the supply of cheap agricultural production. The comparatively low prices of the products makes them affordable for the tourists coming from Central and Eastern European countries. If one takes into account the fact that some 47.3 % of the overall Georgian population lives in the villages, it becomes obvious that the effective use of these cheap and well aware of the rural life human resources for the needs of the tourism industry may open a significant potential for development of the agricultural business in regards to the use of the rural tourism.


In sheet metal forming, both the dimensional accuracy of the manufactured parts and the robustness of the forming process are significantly compromised by elastic springback effects. In contrast to traditional compensation methods mostly relying on modifications of the tool geometry, a part geometry-based approach reduces the amount of springback by appropriately manipulating the part stiffness through slight modifications of the part geometry. To date, part-geometric measures are mostly based on practical experience and trial-and-error processes resulting in a need for simple and effective simulation-based approaches. In the present work three novel simulation-based approaches for a suitable modification of structural component design are suggested relying on unconventional topology optimization, the so-called line-of-force method and shape optimization. First tests with a classical hat profile reveal that the optimized geometries, compared to the nominal one, lead to significant reductions of the springback after stamping and simultaneously to a notable decrease of the process variation when parameters of the forming process are varied slightly. For the adapted topology optimization approach the excellent results are also confirmed when applied to the industry-relevant case of a truck rear panel.


The nutritional status of children is very influential on the process of growth and development. Poor nutrition is often experienced by toddlers and children, in some remote areas whose livelihoods are difficult, it tends to be epidemic. Children suffer from malnutrition every year from the two villages of Tamantirto and Bangunjiwo. This condition makes a child or toddler experience a shortage of healthy and nutritious food intake. The limited understanding of the community about malnutrition is an obstacle in dealing with health problems. Therefore from the problems above, it is necessary to design a system for diagnosing malnutrition in Balta using a simple additive weighting method to help determine the nutritional status of children under five years of age who are served at the Puskesmas Kasih 1 Bantul. This system was built using a website-based application with the aim of assisting in looking at nutritional levels in infants, developing a knowledge base appropriate to be applied to the diagnosis problems of this study can help detect malnutrition in toddlers.

Keywords: Malnutrition, Simple Additive Weighting, Website Application.


Absorption and laser-induced fluorescence of phenylcyclohexadienyl radicals in an irradiated biphenyl crystal have been measured at 4.2 K. The origin of the lowest electronic transition of the radical is located at 6604 A. It was shown that the radical produced in the irradiated crystal is most probably a 2- or 4-hydrogen adduct radical, a phenylcyclohexadienyl radical, from the analysis of the vibrational frequency, from an ESR spectrum, and from the results of SCF-CI MO calculation.


Rainfall is one of the most important ecological and environmental factors which influences the germination,growth and subsequent establishment of plants and species composition in many areas of the world,especially in arid and semi-arid areas.A large number of scientists and scholars have been doing research on it and produced a great many useful results.This paper is a comprehensive analysis on the study of rainfall in the last decades,including various methods such as modeling,simulation,statistics,time-series,predicting and so on dealing with rainfall distribution,intensity,long-term trends and so forth.The methods and productions could provide references for our further study on rainfall analysis.


We present an overview of the most important representatives of algorithms gleaned from natural evolution, so-called evolutionary algorithms. Evolution strategies, evolutionary programming, and genetic algorithms are summarized, with special emphasis on the principle of strategy parameter self-adaptation utilized by the first two algorithms to learn their own strategy parameters such as mutation variances and covariances. Some experimental results are presented which demonstrate the working principle and robustness of the self-adaptation methods used in evolution strategies and evolutionary programming. General principles of evolutionary algorithms are discussed, and we identify certain properties of natural evolution which might help to improve the problem solving capabilities of evolutionary algorithms even further.


Recent calls for reform of engineering education have highlighted the importance of treating the engineering education system holistically; not only looking at developing curriculum components nor proposing new teaching pedagogies to enhance graduate skills. One aspect of this holistic view, which has not been given due cognisance is the impact that academic conceptions can have on the experience of the student in the educational system. The authors propose that academics teaching on engineering programmes do not share a common understanding of what we mean by "professional skills", nor assume the same teaching and learning processes which develop these skills. It is unlikely that large scale reform of engineering education will be successful until we better understand and therefore allow for variations in conceptions of what we term here, "Professional Skills". This paper reports on preliminary findings of a PhD study; a phenomenographic study of academic conceptions of the term professional skills in engineering graduates in Ireland. These preliminary results show that there are at least four qualitatively different ways in which the academics interviewed, conceive of the term professional skills. It is hoped that the results will enable academics to better understand how their own conceptions are similar to, or how they differ from their colleagues and so can enable them to better see how their own strategies can help reform engineering education. This paper presents preliminary findings and hopes to generate discussion at the conference to help define, debate and shape the findings of the overall study.


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Alice Hatter decided to leave her medical studies after developing a bipolar illness. This decision was not made because she felt that her illness prevented her from continuing or coping with her studies, but because her outlook on life changed afterwards. Being able to


The electrical stimulation(ES) has grown into one of the significant training methods, for it is proved to greatly promote muscle strength. The purpose of this study is to observe the effects of muscle flexibility by the electrical stimulation training. The experiment reveals that the electrical-stimulation-training(EST) can synchronize the improvement of muscle flexibility with that of right leg muscle flexibility. Additionally the same effects are also true to the antagonistic troup of muscle.


The year 1 999 marked the 40th anniversary of the Cuban revolution. One of the central goals of the revolutionary government in 1 959 was to improve the system of education. After 40 years of education reform under a socialist government, the cumulative achievements are impressive by anyone 's standards. In contrast to the attention devoted to the first decades of educational change, little has been writ ten about these achievements and the process by which they occurred. The purpose of this article is to (a) highlight Cuba's educational achievements and contrast them with pre revolutionary conditions, (b) trace the general devel opment of the massive education reform effort from 1 959 to the present, and ( c) suggest challenges facing Cuban education in the coming years. The final section identifies for policy makers some of the critical in sights and knowledge for implementing successful school reform.


Abstract Liquid chromatographic enantiomer separation of N‐phthaloyl (PHT) protected α‐amino acids on several coated and immobilized chiral stationary phases (CSPs) derived from polysaccharide derivatives was performed. The coated CSP of Chiralpak AD showed more or less enantioseparation than the covalently bonded CSP of Chiralpak IA with the same chiral selector of amylose tris(3,5‐dimethylphenylcarbamate). However, the coated Chiralcel OD showed greater enantioseparation than the covalently bonded Chiralpak IB with the same chiral selector of cellulose tris(3,5‐dimethylphenylcarbamate). Among all examined CSPs, Chiralcel OD afforded the greatest performance for enantiomer resolution of N‐PHT α‐amino acids and, therefore, all analytes enantiomers were baseline separated on Chiralcel OD. The chromatographic method developed in this study was usefully applied for determination of the enantiomeric purity of commercially available N‐PHT α‐amino acids analytes.


As part of a US Nuclear Regulatory Commission program focusing on the accident management capabilities of operating nuclear plants, Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) is carrying out a series of studies of containment and release management (CRM) for each of the five containment types used in US commercial power plants. The purpose of CRM is to maintain the integrity of the containment as long as possible following a severe accident and minimize the release of radioactivity to the environment.


In the year of 2003,a case of Guinea fowl Pasteurellosis happened on an economic animal farm in Jilin province was reported in this article.The diagnosis was got according to clinic symptoms,pathological anatomy and laboratory detection.At the same time,the prevention and cure measure was put forward.The result showed that chloramphenicol and norfloxacin were effective for curing the disease.


OBJECTIVE To establish an HPLC method for determination of teicoplanin in serum.METHODS Chromatographic conditions included Hypersil C_ 18 colunm,acetonitrile -0.01 mol· L -1 NaH_ 2PO_ 4 (27∶73, pH was adjusted to 2.02 with H_ 3PO_ 4) as mobile phase. The detective wavelength was 240 nm and the flow rate was 1 mL·min -1. RESULTS Two ways were used to make the standard curve of teicoplanin which showed good linearty in the concentration range of 4~ 100 mg·L -1 (r= 0.999 3, 0.998 1), the limit of quantity determination was 4 mg·L -1,the average recovery was 100.40%, 104.81%,with RSD of 4.96%, 4.75%(n=5).CONCLUSION The method was found to be simple, sensitive and accurate, it could be used for determination the concertration of teicoplanin in serum for the research work of clinical pharmac okinetics.


The article discusses the dynamics of the influence of media texts on the linguistic consciousness of native Russian speakers. The main material of the study was the Russian regional associative dictionary-thesaurus (EVRAS). Analysis of the reactions showed that the most relevant source of precedence for the speakers of the Russian language is still mass culture, namely cinema, television, music, and also literature. At the same time, some sources of precedence (slogans, ideologies of the Soviet era) gradually disappear, while others (the Internet) appear. An analysis of the associative reactions of modern native speakers shows that the most relevant source of precedent for them is still mass culture, namely cinema, television, music, as well as literature (including fairy tales, children's literature, texts of classics of domestic and foreign literature). At the same time, we can observe some dynamics of this phenomenon: some sources of precedent (slogans, ideologies of the Soviet era) are gradually disappearing, others are appearing.


We acknowledge Dr. P. Docampo for fruitful discussions.
We acknowledge Dr. W. Huhn and the
FHI
-
AIMS
team for
allowing us to use their implementation of SOC prior to
publication. This work is sponsored by the European Research
Council,
QUEST
project (C.M. and S.S.), and by the Qatar
Environment and Energy Research Institute (F.E.). Computa-
tional resources were provided by the supercomputer facilities
at the Trinity Center for High Performance Computing and at
ICHEC (project tcphy038b and tcphy066b) and by the research
computing centre at Texas A&M University at Qatar


Molecular dynamics simulations of nanocrystalline FCC metals revealed the strain rate dependence to be reflected in the critical resolved shear stresses for dislocation propagation. The strain rate and temperature dependence study is complemented by a stress and grain size dependence supporting consistently the importance of thermally activated dislocation mediated plasticity in the inverse Hall–Petch regime. A model is presented demonstrating that the strongest size can as well be explained on the sole basis of dislocation mechanisms.


of Dissertation Presented to the Graduate School of the University of Florida in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASE 2, MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASE 9,AND CONNECTIVE TISSUE GROWTH FACTOR IN THE EQUINE TEAR FLUID: POSSIBLE IMPLICATIONS IN CORNEAL WOUND HEALING By Franck J. Ollivier May 2004 Chair: Dennis E. Brooks Major Department: Veterinary Medicine The goals of this study were to investigate the presence of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2), matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9), and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) in the equine tear film, cornea, and lacrimal glands; to compare the levels of MMP-2, MMP-9 , and CTGF in the tear fluid of horses with healthy eyes and horses with ulcerative keratitis; to document the changes in MMP-2 and MMP-9 levels in horse tear film during corneal healing; and to investigate the in vitro effects of various proteinase inhibitors on the activity of MMP-2 and MMP-9 isolated from the equine tear film. This study demonstrates by immunohistochemistry the expression of MMP-2 protein in the equine lacrimal gland and the gland of the nictitating membrane. The expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 proteins was also found in the healthy cornea of the horse and was increased in the ulcerated equine cornea. In this study, the level of MMP-2 and MMP-9 activity was determined in a total 330 tear fluid samples by the use of gelatin zymography. MMP proteolytic activity was


A review on recent investigations of local fluctuations and genuine correlations in electron-positron annihilations at LEP and in positron-proton collisions at HERA is given.


To enhance the quality of optical fiber communication systems and expand application fields, it is preferable that optical devices have such features as small size, high reliability, adjustment-free optical coupling, automatic assembly, etc. Waveguide devices have high capability in meeting the above mentioned requirements [1] [2].


George Eliot's "Middlemarch" - a Schopenhauerian Shadowplay George Eliot's "Daniel Deronda" - a study in Schopenhauerian morality. "A Strivng and a Striving" - Schopenhauerian pessimism in Olive Schreiner's "The Story of an African Farm" and "From Man to Man" Virginia Woolf, Bloomsbury aesthetics, and Schopenhauer Doris Lessing's "Children of Violence" - the Schopenhauerian education of Martha Quest Doris Lessing's "The Fifth Child" - the will personified.


In this book, Mark Turner shows that the languages of literature and everyday life are different expressions of the same universal mechanisms of the mind. Drawing on the languages and metaphors of kinship and causation, and on myriad examples in English literature from Chaucer to Wallace Stevens, he argues convincingly that all our thinking with language depends on a restricted range of deep metaphors and inference patterns.Words: english deathAuthor: Turner, Mark Publisher: Cybereditions Corporation Illustration: N Language: ENG Title: Death Is the Mother of Beauty: Mind, Metaphor, Criticism Pages: 00177 (Encrypted PDF) On Sale: 2001-12-24 SKU-13/ISBN: 9781877275135 Category: Literary Criticism : English, Irish, Scottish, Welsh Category: Literary Criticism : Poetry


ABSTRACT Taking as its point of departure the late work of Arif Dirlik that was highly critical of the PRC state, this essay traces some of the conundrums and contradictions in the relationship between western left scholars of China, PRC "left" intellectuals, and the Chinese state over the last several decades. It suggests that, especially during the Xi Jinping era, PRC "left" intellectuals' over-identification with the state limits critical possibilities. Inequality, patriarchy, environmental degradation, oppression of workers, and other phenomena that one would expect to be the targets of left critique receive relatively limited attention. The left focuses more on socialist legacies, and on a kind of "virtual socialism" that could be at one point be realized thanks to massive state capacity. Arif Dirlik's "liberationist" socialism is a useful corrective to this. Still, the diminution of critical left voices in the PRC is a loss for left critique worldwide.


Introduction to Neurology Common Presentations: Headache Transient Loss of Consciousness Dizziness Weakness Numbness Fatigue Conversion disorders Basic Neuroscience: Neuroanatomy Neurophysiology Neurological Disorders: The brain The spinal cord Roots and nerves The neuromuscular junction and muscle Cerebrovascular Disease Epilepsy Central Demyelination Movement disorders The rare but important Neurological emergencies Appendices: The neurological examination How to do a lumbar puncture Final MCQ's and answers to MCQ's Glossary.


With the large-scale integration of clean energy resources, microgrids have shifted from consumer to prosumer. Therefore, the behavior of microgrids would have an enormous impact on the distribution network and electricity market. In this context, this paper established an optimal energy sharing model for multi-microgrids under the condition of the constructing cooperative alliance relationship. An overall operation strategy to maximize clean energy utilization and overall benefits is constructed by a two-stage robust model considering the uncertainty of clean energy. Also, a Shapley model is established to distribute the profit based on the contribution among multi-microgrids. Finally, a test case is applied to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model and is given to verify that the economic benefits of each microgrid are improved after optimization.


Among the branchial cysts, those arising from second arch, which appear in the mid neck are the most common. It is followed by cysts arising from the third and fourth arch, which appears in the lower neck, supraclavicular or suprasternal location. But branchial cysts presenting as a mediastinal mass is very rare. Here we present four different clinical presentations of branchial cysts with their gross morphology and microscopic findings.


The purpose of this study, Small / Medium and Large size business, E-Commerce by several variables to examine their attitudes towards. Research in 2010-2012 in Diyarbakir was performed on 168 SMEs. The data, averages, percentages, t-test and were interpreted to benefit from the analysis of variance. Research as a result, SMEs' attitudes towards e-Commerce "Year" variable has been determined to vary. In addition to investigating the e-commerce to SMEs prefer traditional methods of trade that has been seen. This study on the e-commerce to continue its activities in Diyarbakir trade and the necessary infrastructure for SMEs do not have enough information or has been determined.


This research intends to explore the factor determining the positive relation between executive stock options and managerial risk taking. I firstly investigate the relation between the risk increase of investment project (referred to the risk relative) and a measure of incentive effects of stock options (referred to as the incentive ratio). The evidence shows a positive relation between the risk relative and the incentive ratio, implying that executives undertake more risky projects when their compensation contain a higher proportion of stock options. The causal link between higher option compensation leading to higher risk increase is further examined in terms of firm-specific factors, including firm size, investment opportunity, and managerial discretions (eg., internal liquidity and borrowing capability). The evidence from statistical tests and regression models (OLS and separate-slopes) supports the hypothesis that the relation between option compensation and capital investment risk is determined by firm-specific factors. The results support the hypotheses that the relation of higher option compensation and lagged impact on capital investment risk is constrained by firm-specific factors.


The present invention relates to a honeycomb body (1) having at least a housing (2) and a honeycomb structure (3) for an exhaust gas purification system (4) comprising at least one sheet material (5), wherein the sheet material (5) in at least one section (6) has elevations (7) and the elevations (7) surrounding the edge contour (8) and an area fraction of the elevations (7) in which at least a portion (6) is at least 80%.


Purpose – The aim of this paper is to examine how the relationship between performance pressure and unwillingness to report ethical infractions of peers is mediated by moral disengagement, while considering organizational cynicism as a moderator in the mediating relationship.Design/methodology/approach – Data collected from 302 managers working in public, private and multinational companies were used to test a model employing a moderated mediation analysis. The strength of the indirect effects of performance pressure on peer reporting via moral disengagement was found to depend on organizational cynicism when tested using a generalized approach to simultaneously test combined, moderation and meditation effects as suggested by Edwards and Lambert.Findings – Path analytic tests of moderated mediation supported the hypothesis that moral disengagement mediates the relationship between performance pressure and unwillingness to report ethical infractions by peers and that the mediation effect is stronger in the...


We consider complete nearly K\"ahler manifolds with the canonical Hermitian connection. We prove some metric properties of strict nearly K\"ahler manifolds and give a sufficient condition for the reducibility of the canonical Hermitian connection. A holonomic condition for a nearly K\"ahler manifold to be a twistor space over a quaternionic K\"ahler manifold is given. This enables us to give classification results in 10-dimensions.


The basic needs of people such as safe drinking water, improved hygiene and sanitation must be fulfilled for a dignified life of human being. Sanitation is one of the major components which directly impact the living standard of people. However, people in many parts of the world have not got the sanitized condition and have been living in a non-hygienic situation. About 35% (2.5 billion) populations in the world are still lacking to access improved sanitation. There are many indicators of sanitized society but toilet is considered as one of the important ones. In Nepal, around 62% households have got the facility of toilet. This indicates that 38 % of households have no access to toilets and defecate openly. As a result people have got poor hygiene and sanitation environment. In turn, the country has got the loss of NRs. 10 billion annually. The objective of this paper is to explore the knowledge on open defecation (OD). OD is being eradicated from many parts of the world. Many western countries have already been free from OD. But this problem still exists in most of the developing and under-developed countries like Nepal. Though the adverse impact of OD is very high; people are not aware. Construction of toilets by providing outside support for the ultra poor people is not the rational way of eradication of OD. Technical and financial support for toilet construction could be effective if people are aware.


Mitochondrial DNA of Takifugu fasciatus is prepared as templates from the liver tissue.Several important genes,such as cytochrome b(Cytb) and cytochrome oxidase subunit I,II,III(COI,COII,COIII) and D-loop,and their connected tRNA genes are amplified,cloned and measured by PCR separately with a pair of specific primers which designed according to the sequence of Takifugu rubripes are released from Genbank.All of them have been registered in GenBank.The eight tRNA genes contain nucleotides from 69 to 72.The secondary structures of tRNA genes have been deduced respectively and their sequences have been primarily analyzed.It is suggested that most of them have classical cloverleaf structures,each arm with high base pair ratio and good stability.


The effects of chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen removal rates and nitrite accumulation are investigated under alternating oxic-anoxic model in biological nitrogen removal system——sequencing batch reactor (SBR). The system operational effect was studied by analyzing pollutants removal and nitrite accumulation changes. The results showed that the ammonium nitrogen removal rate increased gradually and reached 60% at last. The average removal rate of ammonia nitrogen was 50.2%. The average total nitrogen removal rate was 31.0% due to the low ammonia nitrogen removal and the low carbon in the inflow. The average COD removal rate was 41.7%, finally the COD removal rate reached near 60%. The average nitrite accumulation rate was 68.71%. The alternating oxic-anoxic model reached stable nitrite accumulation.


THE chronic form of the oriental sore has received very little attention in English language publications, although it was first reported {Cliristopherson, 1923) in the British Journal of Dermatolof/// under the title of " Lupus Leishmaniasis'" and Sbiderson (H)3l) and MacLeod (1934) also published similar cases. The first report in the American literature seems to have been by Berlin (1040) who also drew att^rition to papers by (iitelzon (1932) and Dostrowsky (1034). A number of papers written in French were well summarized by Carteaud and Ossipowski (1958) while an article hy Rodyakin (1957) is based on a large series of eases in Russian Turkestan. About eight years ago typical acute dermal loishmaniasis almost disai)peared from the Shiraz province of South Iran. This may liave been due to treatment of the area with D.D.T. in an antimalarial campaign which seems to have destroyed the sandfiy populaton for about two years and so the transmission cycle of the oriental sore was broken. The disappearance of the acute form of the disease brought into relief the chronic forms of dermal leishmaniasis : this paper is based on a series of 68 cases which has recently been studied. Although it seems that the lupoid type nntst occur in all area.s where dermal leishmaniasis is seen, it is apparently much more common in Iran and its neighbouring countries, and Katzenellenbogen (personal communication) says that almost all the cases of ehronic leishmaniasis that he has seen in Israel were in Jewish settlers originating from Irak. Iran and Afghanistan, while most Russian cases come from Tashkent and Ashkhabad.


Objectives : Headache is one of the most common symptom in primary medical care. The purpose of this research is to examine persisting effects of acupuncture treatment for CTTH. Methods : In this randomized, single blind, placebo-controlled study, we compared active acupuncture with sham acupuncture...


In order to availably restrain the impact of network delays for networked control systems (NCS), we propose a new approach that novel Smith predictor combined with the CMAC and PID control for the NCS. This method realized the feedback control by using traditional PID controller to enhance the stability and reject the disturbance, and realized the feedforward control by using CMAC neural network to increase the response speed and control precision. Because new Smith predictor does not include network delay, therefore, it is no need for measuring on line, identifying or estimating network delays. Based on CSMA/CD (Ethernet), the results of simulation experiment show validity of the control scheme and improvement in dynamic performance and robustness of NCS.


Aimed at the extensive appli cation of reverse engineering in several fields,the author summarized several qu estions encountered in constructing the surface in this paper. The author also p uts forward an approach to construct three-sided patch in Imageware environment by assistance method.


Detection of the rail surface defects is important to the safety of railway transportation.Leveraging the techniques of image processing and pattern recognition to detect and locate defects is a viable and rapidly developing research techniques.In previous work,a Rail Surface Defect Detection(RSDD)was proposed by our research group.RSDD first enhances the contrast of the rail image,on this basis locates and detects suspicious defects.It has a high detection performance for conventional rail image,but misses some defects in the cases of rail image that contains multiple defects and has high gray value difference among them.This paper put forward an Improved Rail Surface Defect Detection(I-RSDD),which fills the detected defect areas with mean gray value of original rail image and then detects the intermediate result image again.In the rebuilt contrast image,thereby,the contrast value of the defect areas which are not obvious in the original image is enhanced and the possibility for the defect areas to be detected is increased.Our experimental results demonstrate that I-RSDD has high detect property:in the case of no noticeable increase of total time consumption,the average rate of accuracy of detection is 90.8%,and the average detection error rate is 4.0%,which has substantially improvement compared with RSDD.


Summary

The competitive abilities of a wide range of genotypes of wheat (Trilicvm aestivum L.) and durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) against Lolium rigidum Gaud, (annual ryegrass) were examined 1o determine the potential for breeders to select strongly competitive varieties, Considerable potential within the wheat genome to breed varieties with greater competitive ability was demonstrated. In 1993, 250 genotypes from around the world were screened and in 1994 a subset of 45 (mainly Australian) genotypes were further examined. A uniform density of L. rigidum reduced grain yield of wheat by up to about 80% in 1993 and to 50% in 1994, depending on wheat genotype. Reduction in grain yield was correlated with L. rigidum dry matter. Wheats varied in competitive ability with source, and durum wheats were less competitive than T. aestivum. The 'old' standard wheat varieties (released between 1880 and 1950) suppressed the weed more than all the current varieties, with the exception of eight F1 hybrids. A doubling of the crop seeding rate of 10 of the genotypes in 1994 reduced the biomass of L. rigidum by an average of 25% compared with the standard seeding rate. Ranking of competitive ability of varieties at high density was consistent at both seeding rates. The strongly competitive genotypes had high early biomass accumulation, large numbers of tillers, and were tall with extensive leaf display. The potential for breeding enhanced competitive ability in wheat is discussed.


The devastation caused by Hurricane Katrina and the subsequent failure of government agencies and public administrators elicited an unprecedented response by international nongovernmental organizations (INGOs) to a disaster in the United States. This paper focuses on why so many INGOs were compelled to provide humanitarian assistance and relief in the United States for the first time and the administrative barriers they faced while doing so. What does such a response reveal about administrative failures in the wake of Katrina, and what might the implications be for reconceptualizing roles for nonprofit and nongovernmental organizations in disaster relief? The authors answer these questions using data from interviews with INGO representatives, organizational press releases and Web sites, news articles, and official reports and documentation.


The author explains why, in his view, John Major has not received a fair hearing from historians. The party had been in office too long and for much of the 1990s was more interested in fighting internal battles than in looking outwards to the country. While accepting that most Prime Ministers fail to leave a positive legacy the author analyses the achievements and failures of Major's premiership, and emphasises its success in consolidating much of the Thatcher agenda and establishing common ground with Labour after 1997.


Session cookies constitute one of the main attack targets against client authentication on the Web. To counter these attacks, modern web browsers implement native cookie protection mechanisms based on the HttpOnly and Secure ags. While there is a general understanding about the eectiveness of these defenses, no formal result has so far been proved about the security guarantees they convey. With the present paper we provide the rst such result, by presenting a mechanized proof of noninterference assessing the robustness of the HttpOnly and Secure cookie ags against both web and network attackers with the ability to perform arbitrary XSS code injection. We then develop CookiExt, a browser extension that provides client-side protection against session hijacking, based on appropriate agging of session cookies and automatic redirection over HTTPS for HTTP requests carrying these cookies. Our solution improves over existing client-side defenses by combining protection against both web and network attacks, while at the same time being designed so as to minimise its eects on the user's browsing experience. Finally, we report on the experiments we carried out to practically evaluate the eectiveness of our approach.


This qualitative study aims at explaining reading beliefs and behaviors of college students taking a developmental reading course through analyzing components of the students' self-systems. A student's self-system is comprised of many different factors that may or may not develop in tandem through experiences in and out of school (Borkowski, Carr, Rellinger, & Pressley (1990). These factors include: self-efficacy, self-esteem, locus of control, achievement, motivation, and attributional beliefs of learning. Unfortunately not all students' self-systems develop appropriately. Schraw and Bruning (1999) claim that as the self-system weakens, a student's ability to engage in deeper processing of a text also diminishes. I used the self-system framework to understand my students' learning and reading beliefs and behaviors.


Why it is difficult to improve literature writing instruction is ascribed to various factors.First,from the view of literature text,its fabrication is an unverified feeling prospect.Second,in view of the accumulation of students' personal knowledge,a considerable amount of knowledge can not be taught by teachers.Third,considering the features of teaching,the difference lies in that teaching requires teachers to focus on universality,whereas writing stresses writer's personality,which results in the conflict between teaching and learning.In addition,the dispute caused by the standard range of checking teaching and learning can also lead to the drop of students' learning passion.Therefore,the writer thinks a proper resolution of these factors can assure the improvement of writing instruction.


Wyburn–Mason syndrome is a rare congenital disease of phacomatosis group (progressive diseases, with combined skin, ocular, nervous system and internal organs damage), characterized by the development of intracranial and retinal arteriovenous malformations (RAM) in the central nervous system and retina. Racemose hemangioma is a benign arteriovenous fusion of the retinal vessels and occurs as a component of this syndrome. This pathology can be an accidental finding in the absence of complications, among which the most common is occlusion of the retinal veins. The article describes a clinical case of this rare congenital disease complicated by occlusion of the central retinal vein with macular edema in a 44-year-old woman with a best-corrected visual acuity of 0.2 when applied. The intracranial RAMs were not detected. The authors presents the analysis of optical coherence tomography as well as the ophthalmological examination before and after the treatment. Three intravitreal injections of angiogenesis inhibitor (ranibizumab) led to a regression of edema and an increase in visual acuity to 0.7. The follow-up was 5 months. This clinical case is interesting due to the rarity of this syndrome and the positive effect of the treatment. However, further monitoring is required due to the risk of neovascularization and recurrence of macular edema, which will require continued treatment.


Until recently cardiac transplantation in man was considered to be primarily investigational and of limited practical value in treatment of heart disease. Four seriously ill and incapacitated patients underwent cardiac transplantation with restoration of adequate cardiac function and circulation in each. Two patients are alive and apparently well 6 weeks and 3 1/2 weeks, respectively, after operation. Donor-recipient blood and tissue compatibilities were studied and considered acceptable. Donors all suffered from brain injury, either blunt or penetrating, and one had a spontaneous intracranial hemorrhage. Immunosuppressive agents consisted of corticosteroids, azathioprine, and antilymphocytic globulin (ALG). No unequivocal evidence of threatened rejection has appeared in any patient, and in the longer survivors, convalescence was unremarkable. This experience suggests that human cardiac transplantation is feasible and deserves further clinical trial.


In Ambon, the project node managed by Dr Sigit Dwiono of LIPI (Indonesian Institute of Sciences) will concentrate on standardising the use of concrete cages for producing larger juveniles (30–50 mm) in coral reefs off the township of Morella for reseeding. A pilot hatchery was set up at Morella and managed by the villagers under the guidance of LIPI. Villagers were involved in the daily activity pertaining to the care and maintenance of the juveniles in the hatchery and providing security to the reseeded sites.


ABSTRACT Beekeeping offers income-generating opportunities for rural households but is threatened by climate change and variability. Adaptation strategies are assessed through semi-structured interviews focus groups, key informants and personal observation: in Ada Berga District, beekeepers have adopted supplementary feeding, modern hives, planting and hive shading to mitigate climatic impacts. A multivariate probit model (MVP) suggests that choices made in combining various adaptation strategies depend on socio-economic, institutional and demographic factors.


Over past decades competitiveness has become a matter of growing interest for academics, businessmen and policy makers who are concerned about the success of fi rms, industries and nations in a globalised world. Yet, the concept is oft en criticised for its diff erent meanings and the lack of a comprehensive theoretical framework. Similarly, there is no commonly accepted measure of the concept but a variety of indicators is being used. Existing literature oft en refers to individual dimensions of this concept thus failing to take into account its multifaceted and multidimensional nature. Th e objective of this paper is to explore diff erent meanings of competitiveness in search for a common line connecting diff erent dimensions of this concept. It also discusses theoretical foundations of competitiveness suggesting that its underlying principles can be traced to theories of competition, international trade and economic growth. Finally, three main approaches to the analysis of competitiveness (macroeconomic, trade and microeconomic) are critically examined and their interrelatedness is discussed. Th e general message of this paper is that competitiveness is in its essence a fi rm-level concept and that the competitiveness of nations depends on the competitiveness of their fi rms which in turn is determined by a combination of their activities, characteristics and features of their environment.


In 2001, two numerical experiments were performed to observe whether or not the second largest eigenvalue of the adjacency matrix for the random cubic bipartite graph approaches 2 √ 2 as the size of the graph increases. In the first experiment, by Kevin Chang, the graphs were chosen using an algorithm that constructed entirely new graphs at each step using three random permutations, in contrast to the second experiment, by Peter Richter, which used a random walk in the space of simple cubic connected bipartite graphs. Although the walk in Richter's experiment was random, in that two randomly chosen edges were swapped, the eigenvalues of the graphs from two consecutive steps of the walk are shown here to be correlated. A walk in which the eigenvalues are uncorrelated is used here in a similar experiment. In addition, an experiment similar to Kevin Chang's experiment is performed in which graphs are constructed using an algorithm that is proven to choose uniformly at random from the space of simple cubic connected bipartite graphs. The distributions of the eigenvalues, after being normalized to have mean zero and standard deviation one, appear to be stable but not symmetric, similar to the Tracy-Widom distributions. The mean and standard deviation appear to approach 2 √ 2 and zero, respectively, according to power laws with the mean approachig quicker than the standard deviation. ∗E-mail: email@example.com


The aim of the Bachelor Theses is to focus on the role of life-long learning in the career of a manager. In the theoretical part there are basic terms defined, such as a manager, life-long learning and a manager´s career. The practical part is focused on the research whether and how life-long learning is a part of managers´ lives.


Based on the principle of the gear-tooth action and the geometrical relation between the profiles of the worm and the worm gear, the formula for calculating the least number of teeth was proposed in this paper when the worm gear hob is used to make the worm gear of the ZA-Worm pair. Thus, it was theoretically proved out that the data of the least number of teeth recommended in the references are reasonable. Furthermore, more precise data were suggested.


In this scientific review, pursuing the objective of analysis, we consider the main principles of the clinical-psychological forensic expert science. The principle of comparative expert studies explains how fundamental sciences are transformed into the system of specialist knowledge in the field of forensic science. The principle of dialectical unity of integration and differentiation of forensic expert sciences is exercised through the study of the legal criteria, jointly carried out by psychiatrists and psychologists, and through delimitation of psychopathological or psychological factors which affect the legally significant capacities of forensic examinees. The principle of ratifiability determines the practical interaction of experts with the agencies which order forensic assessments. We have identified the regular pattern of the multi-subject interdisciplinary formation of specialist psychological knowledge within the framework of forensic examination.


Children and adolescents with inflammatory bowel disease are often treated with immunomodulators (thiopurines, methotrexate) and biologics (anti-TNF, anti-integrin) for extended periods despite concerns about long-term safety. Here, we report a case of follicular dendritic cell sarcoma, a very rare malignancy, and the first reported presentation in a patient with inflammatory bowel disease exposed to infliximab, methotrexate, and vedolizumab. We review the key clinical features and diagnostic factors of this malignancy. The pathogenesis of follicular dendritic cell sarcoma is largely unknown, however, knock out of B-cell TNF in mice has been related to follicular dendritic cell dysregulation through its impact on NF-κB pathways and CXCL13 chemokines. It is unknown whether any relationship exists between this patient's diagnosis of Crohn's disease and therapeutic exposures to this rare malignancy. We document this case in the literature to raise awareness among other clinicians who may observe a similar case.


In this study, secondary structures of sweet potato protein (SPP) after high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) treatment (200–600 MPa) were evaluated and emulsifying properties of emulsions with HHP-treated SPP solutions in different pH values (3, 6, and 9) were investigated. Circular dichroism analysis confirmed the modification of the SPP secondary structure. Surface hydrophobicity increased at pH 3 and decreased at 6 and 9. Emulsifying activity index at pH 6 increased with an increase in pressure, whereas emulsifying stability index increased at pH 6 and 9. Oil droplet sizes decreased, while volume frequency distribution of the smaller droplets increased at pH 3 and 6 with the HHP treatment. Emulsion viscosity increased at pH 6 and 9 and pseudo-plastic flow behaviors were not altered for all emulsions produced with HHP-treated SPP. These results suggested that HHP could modify the SPP structure for better emulsifying properties, which could increase the use of SPP emulsion in the food industry.


Objective To investigate the indications, surgical methods, effects and feasibility of immediate breast construction after nipple-sparing mastectomy. Methods The immediate breast reconstruction after nipple-sparing mastectomy was performed in 126 cases with breast cancer from June 2005 to October 2011. The effects of reconstructed breast were evaluated according to objective and subjective criteria. Postoperative complications were observed and therapeutic effects were followed up. Results All operations were successful. Six cases had slight complications in early postoperative stage and were cured quickly. The aesthetic outcome and the satisfactory rate were all 97.62% during 6-80 months of follow-up period. No recurrence and metastasis were founded in 118 cases. Conclusion The operation method of immediate breast reconstruction after nipple-sparing mastectomy is maneuverable and has excellent effect of aesthetics with no influence of the therapy of breast cancer.


However, atrophy of one testis will not produce primary hypogonadism unless the other testis is non-functioning. In litigation filed after inguinal herniorrhaphies, the most common complaints are disability (related to persistent neuralgia, testicular swelling and testicular atrophy) and sexual dysfunction6. The present report underlines the importance of documenting testicular size before inguinal surgery.


The majority of commercially available pharmaceutical formulations are tablets and capsules designed to be taken orally. Fourier transform near-infrared (FT-NIR) analysis is a powerful technique for measuring these materials.The advantages of using both the Softgel and Standard Tablet detectors on the Thermo Scientific ™ Antaris II ™ FT-NIR analyzer will be discussed in this application note. Diffuse reflectance and transmission spectra of tablets and softgel capsules will also be shown.


In this study, serial communication is a method for sending data between two microcontrollers. This communication is not able to send data between two microcontrollers at the same time. The purpose of this work is to prove the appropriate characters sent from TX on arduino 1 to RX on arduino 2. The method employed in this work is to project a digital signal using an oscilloscope. The digital signal displayed in the oscilloscope will be translated in the form of a binary number set. Binary numbers obtained are matched with ASCII code. The experiments are conducted with sending one letter, two letters separated by a space, and one word. In addition, the digital signal results have been compared with ASCII code to clarify the characters represented by eight bits or one byte.


A 2-year-old boy with recently treated head lice presented with worsening right eyelid pruritus, irritation, and bleeding that was presumed to be a reinfection of head lice. Clinical examination revealed ectoparasites along the superior eyelid margin that were later identified as Phthirus pubis, or pubic lice. Treatment and management strategies are discussed. [J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 2023;60(5):e55-e58.].


The influence of temperature on tire performance is subject of matter in Research for many years. It is well known that the temperature affects the grip level of the tire and the cornering stiffness at the same time. Anyway, while the influence of temperature on grip level has been deeply investigated in different activities, the influence on cornering stiffness seems to be not sufficiently discussed yet.
As shown in this work, the reason could be that the cornering stiffness is not influenced by the surface temperature – i.e. the temperature that can be measured on the tread surface – but instead by the bulk temperature – i.e. the core of the tire that means everything is between tread surface and inner liner.
Again, different mathematical models, more or less complex, have been developed to simulate the tire performance during the last 20 years. Anyway, one limit of all these models is that they do not consider the influence of temperature.
The purpose of the entire activity has been deeply investigating the influence of the bulk temperature on tire cornering stiffness also implementing a thermal model able to estimate this temperature correcting the cornering stiffness in consequence.
Indoor and outdoor tests have been conducted for the purpose. In particular the activity was focused on the linear range of the tire lateral characteristic (slip angle limited to +- 1°). The indoor test campaign has been performed on the Flat Trac machine using a tire equipped with particular sensors developed by the TUV Automotive and named T3M sensors. These sensors consist of thermo resistances temperature sensitive that can be introduced in the bulk of a tire.
Different procedures to evaluate the cornering stiffness have been performed. The results have been surprising in terms of the temperature reached during the test. The procedures gave back significant difference on bulk temperature involving in considerable different cornering stiffness characteristics.
The outdoor tests have been conducted on the oval track of the Bridgestone European Proving Ground, remaining in the linear range of the characteristic. Also in this case the results have been surprising for some aspects: the tires reached very high bulk temperatures saturating at a value that depends on vertical load (that means the loads on the corners) and on angular velocity (that means the roadway speed). Furthermore the test showed a deep difference between inside and outside shoulder of the tire. This is in line with the negative camber angle influence that loads the inside shoulder more than the outside.
A thermal model has been developed to evaluate the bulk temperature of a tire during its exercise and correcting the cornering stiffness – through Pacejka formulation – taking into account the influence of the temperature itself.
The model is physical, the thickness of the tire is divided into two layers: for both the equations of thermal diffusivity have been written in Matlab/Simulink environment.
A physical model has been implemented even to evaluate the Strain Energy Loss (SEL) – i.e. the energy dissipated by hysteresis. The SEL model is based on different simplifying assumptions that did not influence the results anyway.
All the parameters are easily measurable and the model needed no tuning. In fact even if a certain numbers of scaling factors have been introduced, all of them have been set to 1; few corrections have been needed in the SEL model; anyway always close to unit (0.95-1.1 the maximum variations).
The model has been validated comparing the simulations with the indoor measurements and it appeared very satisfactory. The SEL model in particular gives back great results, taking into account in the right way as the influence of the vertical load as the influence of the roadway speed; this has been confirmed for very different tire specifications (different sizes, different compounds and different constructions).


Marine pollution has increased society concerns on issues of coastal, emission, global warming, climate change, and marine ecosystems. The pressures are in the shipping industry to adopt green practices and contribute to the better world. The shipping industry which involves in maritime supply chains has been encouraged to adopt the low carbon technologies and energy efficiency practices. However, to what extent the maritime supply chains practice the energy efficiency measures and CO2 emission reduction remain relatively unknown. While this pursuit is a positive indicator, there is still limited adoption in these seemingly cost-efficient technical and operational measures aiming at reducing energy cost. Thus, it is crucial to understand the current practices in order to institute a more realistic baseline and reliable evaluation towards future energy efficiency improvement. Moreover, all of these reduction measures must go through detailed planning and should engage the attention of management level and maritime stakeholders for effective implementation.


The relationships between thin elements, commutative shells and connections in cubical ω-categories are explored by a method which does not involve the use of pasting theory or nerves of ω-categories (both of which were previously needed for this purpose; see [2], Section 9). It is shown that composites of commutative shells are commutative and that thin structures are equivalent to appropriate sets of connections; this work extends to all dimensions the results proved in dimensions 2 and 3 in [7, 6].


Precise information of word boundary can alleviate the problem of lexical ambiguity to improve the performance of natural language processing (NLP) tasks. Thus, Chinese word segmentation (CWS) is a fundamental task in NLP. Due to the development of pre-trained language models (PLM), pre-trained knowledge can help neural methods solve the main problems of the CWS in significant mea-sure. Existing methods have already achieved high performance on several benchmarks (e.g., Bakeoff-2005). However, recent outstanding studies are limited by the small-scale annotated corpus. To further improve the performance of CWS methods based on fine-tuning the PLMs, we propose a novel neural framework, L B GCN, which incorporates a l exicon-b ased g raph c onvolutional n etwork into the Transformer encoder. Experimental results on five benchmarks and four cross-domain datasets show the L B GCN successfully captures the information of candidate words and helps to improve performance on the benchmarks (Bakeoff-2005 and CTB6) and the cross-domain datasets (SIGHAN-2010). Further experiments and analyses demonstrate that our proposed framework effectively models the lexicon to enhance the ability of basic neural frameworks and strengthens the robustness in the cross-domain scenario. 1


Direct volume rendering renders volume datasets without intermediate surface representation. However, due to the large data size, high quality volume rendering is a challenging research problem. Researchers have proposed various volumetric lighting models that consider no scattering, single scattering and multiple scattering.
In practice, nearly all numerical solutions of graphics and visualization problems assume a discretization of the simulation domain into a grid of cells or points. In most cases, the discretization is regular and generates a lattice. This work presents several new techniques and algorithms for rendering lattice volumes. The 3D Cartesian Cubic (CC) lattice is the most frequently used lattice for volumes. Because of its simplicity, it is natively supported by many kinds of hardware, especially on the graphics processing unit (GPU). Three algorithms are presented for rendering 3D CC lattices without scattering: an object order cell projection algorithm based on min-max octree data structure that renders large datasets beyond GPU memory capacity, a hybrid method that improves the rendering speed by CPU/GPU parallelism, and a method of ray tracing height field on the GPU. For rendering the CC lattice with single scattering, a half angle splatting algorithm has achieved real time rendering of smoke. To overcome the popping artifact of half angle based method, a lighting volume based method is proposed and further accelerated with the GPU.
A novel volumetric global illumination framework based on the Face-Centered Cubic (FCC) lattice is proposed to compute multiple scattering for volumetric global illumination. An FCC lattice has better sampling efficiency than the CC lattice. Furthermore, it has the maximal possible kissing number, which provides optimal 3D angular discretization. The proposed algorithms greatly simplify the computation of multiple scattering and minimize illumination information storage due to angular discretization.
Two distinct applications of lattice computation and rendering have been developed, dispersion visualization for the flow simulation of lattice Boltzmann Method (LBM) and computer aided polyp detection for virtual colonoscopy. The LBM simulates the flow field by the micro-scale Boltzmann kinetics of fluid elements on a lattice, and the simulation results are rendered on GPUs and GPU clusters. The second application focuses on a new pipeline for computer aided polyp detection for virtual colonoscopy. The new pipeline has a volume rendering stage to generate the electronic biopsy image of a conformal flattened colon. Then, the polyps are detected on the single 2D biopsy image with texture analysis, which is significantly faster than traditional shape analysis methods.