The idea of Eurasia is reemerging as the main focus in contemporary politics, and certainly, Bruno Macaeas has become one of the first writers to predict it in recent times. He also shows how both China and Russia are seeing and engaging with Eurasia with the Belt and Road Initiative and Eurasian Economic Union respectively. On the other hand, he says that the EU's idea towards Eurasia as many of the threats the union is facing today has been indirectly the result of breaking up of the firm border of Asia and Europe. The book explores the idea of an emergent Eurasia. Bruno Macaeas believes that the Eurasian region will re-emerge as the most important factor leaving the American and the Asians in the 21 century. He also exerts on the interplay among China, Russia, and the European Union. This according to him is a simple return to the history; he mentions that "Eurasia happens to be the largest landmass on earth, the place where most of the great civilizations of human history were developed." He says that "As Europe disappears, Eurasia coheres" (Pg 9). The author gives an example of the spectacular rise of Singapore and Hong Kong. In the book, the author uses the termEurasia to denotemuchmore than the geographical entity. The book is divided into two parts. In the first part, "The Map," the author explains the origins of the divide between Europe and Asia and what are the factors that are helping to collapse that divide. This part puts forward how a new world order, Eurasian, is taking shape on the ruins of the old order. The second part of the book, "The Journey," is the travelogue of the author. The part introduces the readers with minute and lesserknown details about the region. He mentions his observations while traveling in the Xinjiang region of China that, "it is difficult to see how China will be able to solve the contradiction between the desire to facilitate trade and movement while closing borders and subjecting everyone to permanent surveillance." The first part has three chapters. The first chapter of the book tries to explain how the borders of the two continents, Asia and Europe, were defined historically. The authors say that now it is easier to trace the border as it is getting diminished. The chapter concludes an attempt of finding Eurasia in history. While the second chapter explains the present events which often show contradictory views on an issue, the third chapter looks the new Eurasian continent using three players, where the author sees Russia oscillating between Asia and Europe. The second part which has six chapters provides support to author's argument in the previous part by the help of his travel accounts. The author started his journey from theCaucasus, then traveled to Armenia and Iran, and covered the parts of Central Asia, China, and Russia. The fourth chapter of the book starts the travel details of author. The travel starts with Azerbaijan. In the chapter, the author uses the conversation to show what people think about their location as well as the pipeline projects in the region. The next chapter gives the account of China and Russia in which author also gives the account of a Russian diplomat who expresses concern onChinese presence in Central Asia. The seventh chapter narrates author's experiences in east Russia and gives even the minute details like those of Kalmyks. In the epilogue, the author describes the present events which happened when he was writing the book like the Brexit and the coming of Trumpwhich he finds are the result of the rise of global powers in Asia. In this book, the author has presented both his experience in the government and a powerful and informative travelogue which helps the reader in understanding both the governmental and grassroots issues and responses.


The Gattini cameras are two site testing instruments for
the measurement of optical sky brightness, large area cloud cover and auroral detection of the night sky above the high altitude Dome C site in Antarctica. The cameras have been operating since installation in January 2006 and are currently at the end of the first Antarctic winter season. The cameras are transit in nature and are virtually identical both adopting Apogee Alta CCD detectors. By taking frequent images of the night sky we obtain long term cloud cover statistics, measure the sky background intensity as a function of solar and lunar altitude and
phase and directly measure the spatial extent of bright aurora if present and when they occur. The full data set will return in December 2006 however a limited amount of data has been transferred via the Iridium network enabling preliminary data reduction and system evaluation.
An update of the project is presented together with preliminary results from data taken since commencement of the winter season.


The distribution of aluminum silicate minerals in pelitic schists constrains pressure and temperature conditions during the Acadian Orogeny to have been approximately those of the Al 2 SiO 5 invariant point, thus providing an excellent opportunity to evaluate the internal consistency of a variety of published geothermometers and geobarometers with the Al 2 SiO 5 invariant point of Holdaway (1971). Four fluid-independent equilibria yield P-T estimates consistent with Holdaway (1971). Two fluid-dependent equilibria yield internally consistent but unrealistically high temperatures. Our data are consistent with the conclusions that: (1) only pyrope-grossular mixing in the quaternary garnet system is significantly non-ideal; and (2) the activity coefficient for the anorthite component in plagioclase is approximately 2 at triple point P-T conditions.--Modified journal abstract.


The article investigates current issues of process automation at the enterprise, which contribute to reducing production costs, as well as problems associated with the automation of business processes. The advantages of process automation are considered.


It is shown that if 6 is a linear functional on a func- tion algebra with k(1) = 1, and if k satisfies the Jensen inequality with respect to some finite nonnegative measure, then '/ is multi- plicative.


In this paper we study the global stochasticity of a family of measure-preserving mappings with three-dimensions where A, B, C, D are four parameters. This is an extension of two-dimensional standard mapping (also called Taylor mapping: where A is a parameter) to a three-dimensional one. It is known that for A=-1.5 mapping possesses not only stochastic region but also ordered region and that for the large B, C (A=-1.5) mapping φ is stochastic in the whole domain of definition. Because LCN's (Lyapunov characteristic numbers) do not depend on the parameter D for the stochastic region of mapping φ, in order to study the stochasticity of a family of measure-preserving mappings φ it is sufficient to investigate the Kolmogorov entropy of the mapping φ with Large B, C and fixed D. Pesin's formula has given the relation between the LCN's and the Kolmogorov entropy of a dynamical system. Let p(p) denote the sum of all positive LCN's, the formula states that the total entropy is given by According to the analytical computation for the three LCN's X_i(p) (i=1, 2, 3) X_1(P)≈ln(|ABC|/8),X_2(P)0, X_3(P)0, we have h≈ln(|ABC|/8) Numerical results show that this is a good approximate formula for the Kolmogorov entropy of the mapping φ and that the stochastic region is connected. These results are very analogous to the ones of two-dimensional area-preserving mappings.


This paper confirms that the impetus of sustainable development of marine ecosystem is nutrient silicon and water temperature through marine ecological changes, of which nutrient silicon is the main engine and water temperature is secondary engine. It expounds the climate changing process and mechanism utilizing the dynamic balance of earth ecosystem and displays the future climate changing mode of earth, such as the weather changing mode in 2020, based on many theories proposed by authors themselves, for example, three complementary mechanisms of earth eco-system—complementary mechanism of nutrient silicon, water temperature and carbon in earth ecosystem, related concepts—the definition, structure, goals, functions, contents and significance of earth ecosystem, and climate models—the climate models in inshore region and drainage basin, inland, and ocean. Therefore, we should fully understand the climate changing process and mechanism and positively cope with the drought and flood disasters and high temperature it has brought to human, so as to give scientific support to disaster prevention and mitigation in China.


SYNOPSIS:  While retired government employees clearly depend on public sector defined benefit pension funds, these plans also contribute significantly to U.S. state and national economies. Growing public concern about the funding adequacy of these plans, hard hit by the great recession, raises questions about their future viability. After several years of study, the Governmental Accounting Standards Board (GASB) approved two new standards, GASB 67 and 68, with the goal of substantially improving the accounting for and transparency of financial reporting of state/municipal public employee defined benefit pension plans. GASB 68, the focus of this paper, requires state/municipal governments to calculate and report a net pension liability based on a single discount rate that combines the rate of return on funded plan assets with a low-risk index rate on the unfunded portion of the liability. This paper illustrates the calculation of estimates for GASB 68 reportable net pension liabilities, funded ratios, and ...


In this paper we have investigated Printed Semicircular disc monopole antenna, which is basically printed micro strip antenna with etched ground plane for UWB applications. In high performance aircraft, spacecraft, satellite, missile and consumer electronics applications, where weight, cost, performance, ease of installation, and aerodynamic profile are constraints, low profile antennas may be required. Presently there are many other government and commercial applications, such as mobile radio and wireless communications that have similar specification. To meet these requirements, micro strip patch antennas can be used. These antennas are low profile, conformable to planar and non planar surfaces, simple and inexpensive to manufacture. In particular we have simulated Semicircular disc monopole antenna with etched ground plane. Simple rectangular micro strip line is used for feeding the printed monopole antenna and which is having impedance of 50 Ohms. This designed Semicircular disc UWB monopole antenna works well for the whole UWB frequency band 3.1-10.6GHz.


Obesity predisposes a person to a variety of pathological disorders and has become a serious public health problem. White adipose tissue (WAT) is a major energy reserve in higher eukaryotes, and storing triacylglycerol in intervals of energy excess and its mobilization during the energy requirement are its primary purposes. However, initiation and endurance of obesity occur pursuant to not only hypertrophy of adipose tissue but also differentiation of preadipocytes into adipocytes. This mechanism of adipogenesis is triggered by adipose tissue hypergenesis (Spiegelman and Flier 1996, 2001). Differentiated adipocytes secrete obesity-related factors called adipokines. Plasma leptin, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and nonesterified fatty acid levels are all elevated in obesity and play a role in causing insulin resistance. Therefore, obesity is closely correlated to the prevalence of diabetes as well as other crucial diseases such as cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and cancer (Langin 2006; Schwartz and Porte 2005). Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by defects in both insulin secretion and insulin action, causing raised blood glucose levels, which in turn can damage many systems in the body, such as blood vessels and nerves. DM affects about 5% of the global population and is becoming the fifth leading cause of death, according to a recent survey of global mortality (Roglic et al. 2005). The disorder is still maintaining a surprising prevalence, and unfortunately, the current treatments are only limited to a weak control of disease to increase the life quality rather than a cure. DM can be classified into several types, while type I and type II are becoming the main and wellstudied ones. The most common type is type II DM, which accounts for over 90% of all diabetes-diagnosed patients. It is well known that most of the diabetic complications and impaired cell function in type 2 diabetes are mediated by hyperglycemia (Ceriello 2005). Increasing levels of reducing sugars in the blood under hyperglycemic conditions trigger sets of reactions resulting in formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which CONTENTS


According to the demand of a gear manufactory,a gear parts classified codification system is developed,a method of part information input based on feature surface description is set up,and combined part codification with information input,part automatic coding is implemented,which provides supports to the development of gear parts CAPP system.


Robotic control and force-feedback applications require multi-axial force and torque sensing. One possible implementation of future sensors is seen in fiber optic force torque sensors, since the signal demodulation may be located in some distance to the actual sensor and they also do not have to include any magnetic material. This article presents a fiber Bragg grating-based force and torque sensor with six degrees of freedom. The general setup resembles a Stewart platform. Its connecting beams are formed by the fiber used to measure the deformation of the transducer. The element creating stiffness may be of arbitrary form. We demonstrate how the sensor is realized and show results of all six force and torque measurements. We present a theoretical model of the sensor. The results in this work demonstrate the feasibility of a fiber-optic force-torque sensor.


Spurred by a spike in drug overdose deaths over the past year, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is warning public health departments, health care professionals, and first responders of "a concerning acceleration of the increase in drug overdose deaths" coinciding with the emergence of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. In a recent CDC Health Alert Network advisory, the agency noted that approximately 81 230 drug overdose deaths occurred in the United States in the 12 months ending May 2020, the highest number ever documented in a 1-year period, the agency said. Although such deaths were already on the rise in the months before the emergence of COVID-19, the latest evidence suggests an acceleration during the pandemic, with the largest increase documented from March 2020 to May 2020, a time when widespread mitigation measures were implemented. "The disruption to daily life due to the COVID-19 pandemic has hit those with substance use disorder hard," said CDC Director Robert Redfield, MD, in a statement. "As we continue the fight to end this pandemic, it's important to not lose sight of different groups being affected in other ways. We need to take care of people suffering from unintended consequences." The surge in deaths was primarily driven by a rapid rise in overdose deaths caused by synthetic opioids (other than methadone), most likely illicitly produced fentanyl, the CDC said. Such deaths increased more than 38% from the 12-month period ending in June 2019 to the 12-month period ending in May 2020. Of 38 jurisdictions with available synthetic opioid data, 37 reported increases in synthetic opioid overdose deaths, and nearly half (18) reported increases greater than 50%. The largest percentage increases in deaths caused by synthetic opioids overdoses occurred in western states, with 10 western states reporting more than a 98% increase in such deaths. "This is consistent with large increases in illicitly manufactured fentanyl availability in western states and increases in fentanyl positivity in clinical toxicology drugs tests in the West" after the United States declared COVID-19 a national emergency on March 13, 2020, the CDC noted. Other regions experiencing large increases in synthetic opioid overdose deaths included a dozen southern states and the District of Columbia, a half-dozen midwestern states, and 8 northeastern states and New York City. Overdose deaths involving cocaine use increased 26.5% during the same 1-year period. Based on earlier research, the CDC noted, these deaths were likely linked to use of cocaine together with illicitly manufactured fentanyl or heroin or use of cocaine contaminated with these opioids. The researchers noted an even larger spike in deaths involving overdoses of "psychostimulants with abuse potential," such as methamphetamine, increasing 34.8% in the same time period. Overdose deaths involving methamphetamine and other psychostimulants have been increasing both with and without concurrent use of synthetic opioids. "These increases are consistent with the increased availability of methamphetamine in the illicit drug supply and increases in methamphetamine-related treatment admissions," the advisory noted. To address the surge in fatal drug overdoses, the CDC recommends expanding the distribution and use of the anti-overdose drug naloxone, as well as educational efforts targeting overdose prevention. For clinicians and health care organizations, the advisory cited strategies to prevent overdose deaths. These strategies include talking with patients about the risks for overdose and the dangers Author affiliations and article information are listed at the end of this article.


In recent years extensive effort has been expended to qualify buried nuclear waste storage tanks under accident conditions. One of these conditions is deflagration of the combustible gases which may build up over time. While much work has been done to calculate the general strain state, less effort has been made to address the local strains at structural discontinuities. An analytical method is presented for calculating these local strains and combining them with the general strain state. A closed form solution of the local strains is compared to a finite element solution.


The dynamic forced shear deformation behaviors of cold-rolled Cu sheet were investi- gated by means of Split-Hopkinson pressure bar technology. Hat-shaped specimens of cold-rolled Cu sheet, which were cut with the axes along the 0 ◦ (RD-0 ◦ ), 45 ◦ (RD-45 ◦ )a nd 90 ◦ (RD-90 ◦ ) directions from rolling direction lying in the rolling plane, were compressed with shear strain rate of 3.5×10 4 s −1 . The results show that the forced shear behaviors of cold-rolled Cu sheet for different directions exhibit pronounced anisotropy, both the yield strength and flow stress for the RD-90 ◦ direction sample are the maximum while those for the RD-0 ◦ direction are the minimum. The adiabatic shear deformation characteristics for different direction samples display much distinction. The adiabatic shear susceptibil- ity of RD-90 ◦ sample is the strongest while the RD-0 ◦ is the weakest. Based on the shear stress-shear strain curves and adiabatic shear dissipation energy, the difference of adiabatic shear susceptibility for different directions can be explained qualitatively. The ultrafine grains can be found within the shear bands for three different directions by electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). The calculated results prove the possibility that the dynamic recrystallization can happen in shear bands based on the rotational dynamic recrystallization mechanism.


License plate detection includes license plate positioning, segmentation characters, character recognition. The recognition rate of license plates under dynamic scenes is affected by many factors. Each process deviation may affect the overall system recognition rate, and the accuracy of each part is affected by many factors, in order to reduce this error, we combine the advantages of a variety of algorithms to propose a comprehensive detection model. In the license plate positioning phase, we propose HSV space and morphological methods; in the segmentation character phase, we propose the maximum adjacent character horizontal center distance segmentation method; in the character recognition stage, we choose to use the CNN algorithm. In the final simulation test, there are a set of 1 errors in the 30 groups of license plate recognition, the accuracy is higher.


In the South of the Atlantic Ocean, histories and memories of the Second World War period still remain submerged. It is urgent to bring them to the surface for the general public to know them, dignifying the allies' efforts against the U-boats. Within the combatants' individual and collective narratives, for example, we can notice various naval facts in the coast of Bahia, in Brazilian eastern region. This way, it is possible to establish connections between the militarized world and the society of Bahia state. From a regional to a national scale, Brazilian History needs to embrace the belligerent operations in Africa and in the South Atlantic, so it can broaden its frame of references outside Europe. This paper, therefore, aims at highlighting the U-boats war in the coast of Bahia, inside the Brazilian Eastern Naval Command ("Comando Naval do Leste") area. By means of historical sources and literature review, it was possible to design a belligerent scenario in South America, the last frontier of the Battle of the Atlantic.


To explore the feasibility of replacing nephrectomy of the recipient native kidney with extracorporeal ligation(EL) of the recipient native renal vessels for kidney transplantation in rats, The EL of the left and right renal vessels were performed respectively at an interval of 20 days in 10 Sprague-Dawley rats of nontransplant group. The EL of the right native renal vessels were performed in 10 kidney transplant Lewis rats with resected left native kidney 3 to 5 days after kidney transplantation. The results showed that the nontransplant rats survived well after EL of the left renal vessels and died within 3 to 4 days after EL of the right renal vessels. The transplant rats survived well after EL of the right native renal vessels. The pathological examination of the kidneys with EL showed extensive necrosis and that of the transplanted kidneys showed normal structure. It can be concluded that the EL technique of the rat renal vessel is simple, reliable and little traumatic to rats, thus it may be used to replace the nephrectomy of the recipient native kidney for kidney transplantation in rats.


Introduction: Since the abdominal cavity contains the vital organs like liver, spleen, kidney, stomach, intestines etc, trauma to this region challenges the integrity and even the viability of the individual. Because of its size and anatomical position, it is a major site of trauma in road accidents. Even with the improvement in safety measures in vehicles and greater availability of state of art resuscitative measures, the mortality rate in crush injuries to the abdominal region has not declined. Material and Method: Materials for the present observational study were collected from the medico legal autopsies, showing blunt abdominal injuries, carried out at the mortuary of Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences, Ranchi, during the period from 1 st December, 2014 to 30th November, 2015. Results: Among the 296 subjects studied, Blunt abdominal injuries were most commonly associated with Thoracic (198 cases i.e., 66.89%) and head injuries (160 cases i.e., 54.05%). Majority of cases died within 2 hours of sustaining injury which were mostly accidental in nature, the cause of death being Neurogenic shock and haemorrhage.


The invention relates to a tank flap arrangement (10) for closing an opening (18) in a body (14) of a motor vehicle, having a guide means (12) and a closure element (24) attached to the body by means of the guide device (12) (14) can be mounted, and which between an opening (18) closed position closing and the opening (18) at least partially releasing open position is adjustable via an intermediate position, wherein the closure element (24) for moving between the closed position and the intermediate position substantially perpendicular to a main plane of extension (e) of the closure element (24) and for moving between the intermediate position and the open position substantially parallel to the main plane of extension (e) of the closure element (24) is movable, on the guide device (12) comprises a storage device (30) is arranged, on which the closure element (24) is held, and w hich is guided in moving the closure member (24) between the intermediate position and the open position along said guide means (12).


The frequency noise power spectral density of a free-running quantum cascade laser frequency comb is investigated. A plateau is observed at high frequencies, attributed to the quantum noise limit set by the Schawlow-Townes formula for the total laser power on all comb lines. In our experiment, a linewidth of 292 Hz is measured for a total power of 25 mW. This result proves that the four-wave mixing process, responsible for the comb operation, effectively correlates the quantum noise of the individual comb lines.


Literacy is an instrument of stability within and among countries and thus may prove an indispensable means of effective participation in the societies and (the) economies of today's world. Eradication of illiteracy from the world is an important agenda of UNESCO, and one of the six goals of Dakar Framework of Action on Education for All. Illiteracy is also a major problem in Pakistan. The picture of illiteracy in Pakistan is grim, and although successive governments have announced various programmes to promote literacy the situation is still poor because of various political, social, economic and cultural obstacles. To sum up, it can be said that literacy is a skill necessary to acquire or transmit (information) to others.  It is a means not an end in itself. Keeping in view the gravity of the situation of literacy and basic education in the country, Pakistan has completed/implemented a number of actions/activities for broad-based consultations with principal actors of EFA. Furthermore, the Government of Pakistan has accomplished the preparation of provincial and national plans of action and resource mobilization for EFA planning. This paper therefore examines the efforts to decrease illiteracy in Pakistan, a signatory of the worldwide EFA movement.


The objective of this paper is to presents new design on assistive smart glasses for visually impaired. The objective is to assist in multiple daily tasks using the advantage of wearable design format. The proposed method is a camera based assistive text reading to help to blind in person in reading the text present on the text labels, printed notes and products in their own respective languages. It combines the concept of Optical Character Recognition (OCR), text to Speech Synthesizer (TTS) and translator in Raspberry pi. Optical character recognition (OCR) is the identification of printed characters using photoelectric devices and computer software. It converts images of typed, handwritten or printed text into machine encoded text from scanned document or from subtitle text superimposed on an image. Text-to-Speech conversion is a method that scans and reads any language letters and numbers that are in the image using OCR technique and then translates it into any desired language and at last it gives audio output of the translated text. The audio output is heard through the raspberry pi's audio jack using speakers or earphones.


Introduction: Clinicians with compassion fatigue (CF) experience behavioral, cognitive, and emotional changes due to repeated exposure to second-hand trauma from the clients with whom they are working. A civic-minded professional possesses the core value of social responsibility. Physical therapy (PT) education programs must balance a focus on developing social responsibility and compassion against the risk of CF. Objective: The objectives of this study were to (1) describe the prevalence of CF in a sample of physical therapists in the early years of practice and (2) to determine whether higher civic-mindedness leads to the development of CF in physical therapists. Method: Three cohorts of recent graduates were administered the Professional Quality of Life (Pro-QOL) survey to measure CF. Thirty-five of 127 surveys sent (27.6% response rate) were completed. Results: A Mann-Whitney U was run to determine differences in the Pro-QOL survey between those scoring high or low in civic-mindedness at graduation. Higher civic-mindedness scores exhibited significantly lower burnout and higher compassion satisfaction. Conclusion: Higher levels of civic-mindedness appear to have a protective effect against developing CF.


A device for heating and/or frothing milk for machines for preparing hot beverages such as a cappuccino, comprising a tubular body inside which a Venturi tube is provided which has an intake end which can be associated with a source of steam and a discharge end, a mixing chamber, which is defined between a converging portion and a diverging portion of the Venturi tube, and at least one milk supply duct, which has a drawing port which can be associated with a milk reservoir and a port for introducing the milk in the mixing chamber, the milk being drawn into the mixing chamber due to the partial vacuum created by the flow of steam between the converging portion and the diverging portion of the Venturi tube.


PLATE 7. Up to the present Spirochceta obermderi has not been grown from the blood of persons suffering from relapsing fever, nor has a spi-rochete of any species, as far as I have been able to discover, been cultivated directly from the blood of human beings. In this com-munlc~tion I wish ta report the successful cultivation of Spirochceta obermeleri directly from the blood of patients suffering from European relapsing fever. The studies were carried on in Serbia in the winter of 1915. The successful cultures, five in all, were made from cases clinically typical of European relapsing fever occurring in dvilians and soldiers thea residing in Macedonia. Noguchi, t following his successful experiments on the cultivation of other spirochetes, succeeded in growing Spiroch~ta obermeieri from mice infected with relapsing fever. This spirochete had previously been kept alive by continued passage from animal to animal for a considerable length of time. The question arose whether spirochetes thus propagated for a long time become more amenable to artificial cultivation. The method employed is the same as that used by Noguchi. t All cultures were taken during the febrile period of the disease. After careful disinfection of the skin with alcohol and iodine a vein in the antecubital space is punctured and 10 to 15 cc. of blood are withdrawn. A 15 cc. syringe with a thick bored needle is employed. It is important to withdraw the blood slowly, because rapid withdrawal may so injure the organisms that they will not grow. The needle is then removed from the syringe and the blood is slowly introduced into an Erlenmeyer flask containing 10 cc. of a 1.5 per cent sodium citrate solution in 0.85 per cent sodium chloride. The flask is gently agitated and the contents are then ready for culture. Culture tubes measuring 1.5 by 20 cm. are used.


The utility model discloses a multi-level engine braking control device which comprises an engine rocker shaft, at least one engine braking control valve and a multi-cylinder engine braking mechanism, wherein a fluid channel is arranged in the engine rocker shaft and comprises more than one axial braking oil hole and radial braking oil holes communicated with the multi-cylinder engine braking mechanism, any one axial braking oil hole is communicated with the engine braking control valve, and the radial braking oil holes are communicated with the axial braking oil holes. By utilizing the control device, the multi-level engine braking control method is realized; and the engine braking mechanisms of part or all of the oil cylinders are started selectively according to braking needs, thus realizing braking of different levels. The multi-level engine braking control device only adopts one rocker shaft, thus simplifying design and installation, reducing cost, being capable of reducing engine braking control valves or increasing the engine braking control level, and improves the working efficiency and reliability of brakes.


Th e eff ectiveness of diff erent arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on diff erent hybrid cucumber cultivars has not been well documented, even under normal seedling conditions. Th e present study therefore aimed to evaluate colonization, nutrient uptake, dependency, and other seedling traits of 4 cucumber hybrids (Ceren F 1 , Beta F 1 , Silyon F 1 and Maraton F 1 ) inoculated by 3 diff erent AMF (Glomus intraradices (Gi), Glomus etunicatum (Ge) and Gigaspora margarita (Gm)). Traits were evaluated in a growth chamber experiment consisting of a 4 × 4 factorial design (4 cucumber hybrids, 3 AMF plus 1 control) with 3 random replications. AMF-inoculated cucumber seedlings had shorter hypocotyledons and wider and longer cotyledons than non-inoculated seedlings. Gm-inoculated seedlings had the narrowest stem diameter and lowest leaf number. AMF-inoculated seedlings had shorter shoots and longer roots than noninoculated ones. Th ere was signifi cant mycorrhizal eff ect on the iron (Fe) content of shoots and the mycorrhizal colonization rate in roots. Relative mycorrhizal dependency (RMD) varied widely among the hybrid cucumber cultivars tested. It is thought that the determination of high-RMD cultivars could lead to improvements in cucumber seedling production in the future.


Understanding water and nitrogen redistribution in the soil profile is important to improve water and nitrogen use efficiency for sustainable agriculture. This thesis evaluates the interactions between water and fertiliser management factors affecting water and nitrogen use efficiency, based on field experiments on a semi-arid loamy sandy soil. The impact on maize (Zea mays L.) yield and other crop properties was also assessed. Cropping periods in two hot-wet seasons and two cold-dry seasons were compared. The treatments involved two irrigation methods (furrow and drip), two irrigation levels (full and reduced) and two top dressing nitrogen fertiliser types (quick-release and slow-release).

Overall, there were trends for better nitrogen uptake, water and nitrogen use efficiency and grain yield in the cold-dry than in the hot-wet season, especially under reduced irrigation. Furrow irrigation with reduced irrigation level tended to give higher grain and dry matter nitrogen use efficiency in both hot-wet and cold-dry cropping periods. Soil moisture distribution, water flow direction and deep percolation were primarily affected by irrigation method and irrigation level in the cold-dry season and by a combined effect of irrigation level and rainfall events in the hot-wet season. In both seasons, full irrigation level with quick-release nitrogen fertiliser was found to induce more net downward redistribution of water and nitrogen in the soil profile, irrespective of irrigation method. Reduced irrigation, particularly in the hot-wet season, resulted in less deep percolation. In the cold-dry cropping period, reduced irrigation combined with slow-release nitrogen fertiliser, resulted in longer nitrogen residence time at 30 and 60 cm depth, irrespective of irrigation method. Drip irrigation resulted in a moister soil profile overall in both seasons, and thus allowed better growth and elongation of coarse and fine roots, which were denser in the uppermost 56 cm of soil and reached a maximum depth of 80 cm.

These results indicate that reduced irrigation should be considered as a potential irrigation management option for semi-arid loamy sandy soil in both hot-wet and cold-dry seasons. Drip irrigation and slow-release nitrogen fertiliser may be suitable options for the cold-dry season.


This paper presents the application of genetic algorithms (GAs) to the robust pole placement for LTI systems with parameter uncertainties. The robust pole placement approach is firstly converted to a constrained optimization problem. The objective of the optimization is to derive the most robust state-feedback gain matrix K with respect to parametric plant uncertainties. Then, GAs are introduced as efficient optimization tools to solve the problem. The search of the GA is done within the linear bounded domain in the space of parameters in matrix K. The resulting system guarantees the closed-loop poles to remain in a prescribed region in the complex plane despite of the greatest possible uncertainty in plant parameters. Finally, this method is applied to design the longitudinal stability augmentation system (SAS) for a static unsteady airship. Simulation results show that the designed system not only stabilizes the longitudinal motion of the airship, but also reduces the sensitivity to parameter uncertainties.


The total RNA of human liver was extracted and human Mn-SOD gene was amplified by RT-PCR. Manganese SOD gene was expressed in P. pastoris after construction of expression vector. The optimized gene codon, which is based on yeast major preference codons was also expressed in P. pastoris. Meanwhile, enzyme-producing ablilities of the two genetic engineering strains were compared. Results showed that the optimized strain have advantage on ability of producing enzyme over the control. It can be concluded that optimization of gene sequence plays an important role in its expression.


Tunnel construction has become an important and growing activity. Tunnelling is an important part of transport infrastructure and is a part of the sustainable development of the country. The tunnel ventilation during construction and operation is part of the whole design procedure. Although ventilation might be performed with different approaches, longitudinal ventilation with jet fans is most often employed. The efficiency of such devices depends on several factors – design parameters, location in the tunnel, interaction with main current. The last one is crucial in emergency situations, especially during fires when both temperature and density of main current change. One important point in normal and emergency ventilation design is the downwind influence of jet fans. This paper presents a longitudinal scheme with jet fans. Based on energy and mass conservation, the interaction between the jet fan and the main current is considered, leading to expressions for areas of impact. Several models for fire temperature distribution downstream are presented, outcomes are compared and suggestions for use are made. Additionally, jet fan efficiency coefficients are adjusted due to modelling results.


Abstract The aim of this paper is to examine how the institutional environment impacts the nature of corruption affecting entrepreneurship in transition economies. Drawing on a survey and in-depth interviews with entrepreneurs in Montenegro, the paper finds that corruption is a pervasive presence which has not been ameliorated despite economic reforms. Montenegro is a transition economy which has made significant strides in terms of creating a more open market economy. However, reforms have often overlooked corruption which remains prevalent, and the institutional environment has left space for officials and entrepreneurs to engage in corrupt practices. The paper shows that although it takes different forms, corruption can be viewed as a cultural impediment even if the majority of entrepreneurs are not exposed to it.


Constructional details are given of an inexpensive and easily made self-latching electromechanical shutter. The device is based upon a conventional blade type shutter and should find uses in a wide range of applications other than the vacuum evaporation unit for which it was designed.


The possibility of the curd product enrichment by the grain component and biologically active substances received from Daurskaya larch wood is considered in the article.


An ionogram is a display of the data produced by an ionosonde. It is a graph of the virtual height of the ionosphere plotted against frequency. In addition to "useful signal", an ionogram almost always contains noise of different nature, a so called background noise. That is why the signal filtering task becomes so important. There are two groups of methods to this end. The first group features methods of computer vision for image processing, namely, different filters and image binarization. The second group includes adapted clustering methods. In this paper, we show how several methods work for filtering "useful signal" from noise and emissions.


Interactions between 3 ́ untranslated regions (UTRs) and RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) play critical roles in post-transcriptional gene regulation. Metazoan genomes encode hundreds of RBPs and thousands of 3' UTRs have been experimentally identified, yet the spectrum of interactions between 3 ́UTRs and RBPs remains largely unknown. Several methods are available to map these interactions, including protein-centered methods such as RBP immunoprecipitation (RIP) and cross-link immunoprecipitation (CLIP), yeast three-hybrid assays and RNAcompete. However, there is a paucity of RNA-centered approaches for assaying an RNA element of interest against multiple RBPs in a parallel, scalable manner. Here, I present a strategy for delineating protein-RNA interaction networks using a gene centered approach. This approach includes annotating RBPs and identifying physical interactions between an RNA of interest and these RBPs using the Protein-RNA Interaction Mapping Assay (PRIMA). Few RBPs have been experimentally determined in most eukaryotic organisms. Therefore I show that existing RBP annotations can be supplemented using computational predictions of RNA binding domains (RBD) from protein sequences. A single RNA of interest can be tested using PRIMA against a library of RBPs constructed from these annotations. PRIMA utilizes the green fluorescent protein (GFP) in yeast as a reporter.


The bruchid beetle Callosobruchus maculatus does not feed as an adult. The resources such as energy or nutrients available to it are therefore fixed at emergence. Allocation of resources to processes contributing to one trait must therefore reduce those available for allocation to others and trade-offs between these traits are expected. The present study investigates the trade-off between current and future reproduction, the cost of reproduction, in both females and males of this species taking an explicitly phenotypic approach.
The trade-off between adult longevity and lifetime fecundity in females is demonstrated using experimental manipulations of fecundity. It is shown that reduced adult longevity reflects reduced future reproduction and that this trade-off is therefore the cost of reproduction. The inadequacy of phenotypic correlations in demonstrating this trade-off is shown.
The allocations of dry weight, water, lipid and energy by females to reproductive and non-reproductive processes are measured. For each resource, the predicted slope of the trade-off between adult longevity and lifetime fecundity is calculated based on that resource being limiting. From a comparison between these predicted slopes and the slope measured using experimental manipulation, it is concluded that none of these resources can be rejected as the limiting resource and that they all may contribute to the trade-off.
Males make a non-trivial investment in ejaculate. This investment reduces a male's future reproductive success. To some extent these costs are short-term; the male soon regains his fertility. However, there are also long-term costs due to reduced longevity.
The fitness consequences of remating to females are investigated. Fecundity is increased following remating but it is impossible to distinguish between the nutritional and manipulative roles of the ejaculate.
Finally, the costs of reproduction are summarised and their generality and implications discussed.


We have calculated the oxygen and carbon K-shell near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectra of formate (HCOO) adsorbed on Cu(110) surface in terms of the multiple-scattering cluster method. The calculation shows that the molecular bond-length LC-O=1.26±0.01Å,the adsorption distance of oxygen LO-Cu=1.99±0.04Å. We have found the C-H resonance existing in the carbon K-shell NEXAFS spectra. The origin of the C-H resonance has been discussed.


Based on a long-term field experiment established by soil removal,the soil phosphatase activity dynamic during corn growth period under identical climate condition were studied.The relationships among soil phosphatase activity,soil nutrient and corn productivity were analyzed.The results showed that there was a higher soil phosphatase activity in high organic matter content soil.There was significant positive correlations between soil phosphatase activity and soil organic matter content,total N,total P,available N,and their correlation coefficient were 0.993,0.996,0.951 and 0.921 repectively,and phosphatase activity significantly correlated with corn yield.


Topological polymer networks with sliding cross-link points, the "sliding gels" (also called slide-ring gels), are a new class of supramolecular networks based on intermolecularly cross-linked α-cyclodextrins/poly(ethylene glycol) polyrotaxane precursors. The cross-link points of such networks are not fixed but can slide along the template chain of the polyrotaxanes. The main parameters governing the sliding gel properties are the number of cyclodextrins per polyrotaxane, the cross-linking density, and the nature of the swelling solvent. Small-angle neutron scattering, swelling measurements, and mechanical spectrometry were used to understand the unusual physical properties and their relation to the molecular structure of the sliding gels. The swelling as well as the viscoelastic properties are found to be solvent dependent reflecting the structural changes of the network. Indeed, in water, the number of cross-link points (topological and physical) increases as opposed to dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) leading...


One of the first people who understood how power could be produced by civil resistance was the great African-American abolitionist, Frederick Douglass [2]. In the years of his work before the American Civil War, which was an age of universal, brutalizing racism, even white abolitionists were dismissed as dreamers. But Douglass was no dreamer. He operated with cold, furious logic. The power of oppressors "concedes nothing and it never will," he said. You can find the "exact measure" of injustice that will be imposed on people, he explained, by measuring how much they will submit to. And the injustice will go on until it is resisted. "The limits of tyrants are prescribed by the endurance of those whom they oppress," he declared.


Cloud computing has started to gain extensive appreciation inside the corporate world as well, because it has given permission to access the required resource as Internet. The process of accessing and sharing of the resources is performed in a very virtual and protected way so that a general user is not aware of the task that is performed. In this paper, we aim to derive a mechanism to make data safe and control the access of the sensitive information over the cloud servers.


This study focuses on crowd logistics challenges in Malaysian crowd logistics companies. To the author's best knowledge, there is limited empirical qualitative research on crowd logistics, especially in the Malaysian logistics sector. This research aims to identify and examine the challenges that hinder the success of crowd logistics and how crowd logistics can shape the future of the logistics industry. A semi-structured interview with six industry experts, including logistics service providers and platform operators, were selected in this study to gain insights into their experiences and perspectives on crowd logistics. Additionally, a data analysis process is presented. The findings of this study suggested three main themes and six sub-themes, including operation management, resource management, and technology and communication management as the main themes. The sub-themes include delivery operation, service offered, rider issues, demand issues, delivery platform


The first English-language study devoted to Hölderlin's novel in three decades, this book reveals Hyperion's literary and philosophical richness and its complex ties with politics, choreography, and economics.


This paper presents numerical studies on thermal performance of LED filament light bulbs with different bulb sizes, phosphor diameters, and phosphor shapes. A quarter of numerical model of LED filament light bulbs was built to analyze the temperature field, velocity field and distributions for convective heat flux coefficient on the filament surface. The effects of bulb sizes, phosphor diameters and phosphor shapes on the thermal performance were investigated. The maximum temperature of a type of commercial LED filament light bulb reaches 145 °C, which can be reduced by the increasing of bulb sizes and phosphor diameters. When the phosphor diameter increases from 2 mm to 5 mm, the maximum temperature is reduced by 24 °C, which is also decreased by 10 °C with the increased bulb size of 4 mm. In addition, fin-shape filaments can effectively reduce the bulb temperature, and the maximum temperature reduction is 10 °C when the fin length reaches 0.91 mm.


As an economic means to adjust the contradiction between ecology and development, ecological compensation plays an important role in promoting the good operation of interbasin water transfer projects and the sustainable development of regional economy. The accounting of ecological compensation is the key and difficult point of ecological compensation as well as the basis of ecological compensation policy and practice. Watershed ecological compensation based on water resources value accounting is an early exploration field of ecological compensation research, and water resources value calculation needs to consider both water quantity and water quality comprehensively. Taking the water source area of the Middle Route of South-to-North Water Transfer Project (SNWTP) as an example, this article tries to establish the payment standard of watershed ecological compensation from the perspective of water resources value. The results show that: 1) The water resources value of the six core regions in the water source area has shown an overall upward trend since 2000, and the northern regions have demonstrated higher value of water resources than the southern regions. 2) The LSTM neural network model is used to forecast the value of water resources in the six regions from 2020 to 2022, and it is found that the value of water resources would increase in the next few years. 3) The compensation price of the six regions in the water source area is predicted in the range of 0.5–1.5 yuan/m3 from 2020 to 2022, and an upward trend in the ecological compensation amount is forecast. Based on the above conclusions, this article puts forward suggestions to establish an ecological compensation accounting system in line with the Middle Route water source area from the perspectives of ecological compensation legislation, allocation of ecological compensation amount, and introduction of market mechanism.


This research aims to find the maxims violated by Johnny English as the main character in Johnny English Reborn movie. The data of this research is all of Johnny English utterances as the main character in the movie. This research study is using descriptive method because this research does not need statistic approach to analyze the data and the researcher describes the types of maxim. The purposes of this study are to identify the types of maxims violated by the main character in Johnny English Reborn movie and to describe the reasons of violation of cooperative principle in Johnny English Reborn movie.
The writer presents what she has found associated with the types of offense and use the theory of Grice's Maxim combined with classification of Christoffersen. There are two conclusions of the research. First, the writer found all types of maxims that violated by the main character, Johnny English. The main character violated the maxim of quality, quantity, relation, and manner. Second, the writer found five reasons why he violated the maxims. Those are hiding the truth, saving face, satisfying the hearer, building one's belief, and convincing the hearer.


Embodiments of the invention disclose a method and a device for game tests. The method comprises: acquiring all states of each test unit of a to-be-tested game and related data required in an operating process of each test unit; according to the required all states of each test unit and the related data, establishing state machines respectively corresponding to each test unit; according to the established state machines corresponding to each test unit, generating testing scripts respectively corresponding to each test unit, and implanting the testing script corresponding to each test unit to game development environment; calling the testing script corresponding to each test unit in sequence, controlling each test unit to operate among states of the corresponding state machine; and acquiring an operation result of each test unit of the to-be-tested game, analyzing the operation result to obtain a test result of the to-be-tested game. The method and the device can be used to test games rapidly and effectively.


Abstract : The objective of the program was to synthesize a cathodoluminescent phosphor with greatly increased ultraviolet emission efficiency in the spectral region between 350 and 400 nanometers for the purpose of writing on photochromic or Kalvar media. Twenty-nine phosphor compositions were studied in at least a preliminary manner and several of these more extensively. Relative to P-16 powder, sprayed films of calcium magnesium silicate: cerium showed an average writing efficiency on Kalvar nearly ten times greater in a demountable system. Another sprayed film phosphor, BaZn1.9Mg0.1Si2O7:Pb with spectral peak at about 300 nm was shown to be about ten times more efficient than P-16 powder in writing on a spiropyran photochromic film in a demountable system. Demonstration cathode ray tubes were fabricated with the sprayed phosphor films, BaSi2O5:Pb, calcium magnesium silicate: cerium, and Zn2SiO4:Ti, and settled powder P-16 screens incorporated. Phosphors in cathode ray tubes generally were no better than presently available P-16 except for solution sprayed barium silicate: lead activated. This phosphor exhibited a relative writing efficiency four times greater than P-16 phosphor on photochromic film.


ABSTRACT The purpose of the study was to determine the level of access that youths in child welfare have to mental health providers in a single state. Mystery shoppers called every provider publicly advertised in Medicaid managed care organization networks. Results showed that 25.4% of the advertised network was able to schedule a new appointment for a child in Department of Children and Family Services guardianship. There were 9.7 accessible providers of any discipline (MD, PhD, or licensed masters-level clinician) per 10,000 Medicaid-enrolled youths in the population. The level of access to MDs was 4.1 times lower than the nationally recommended level.


This edition focuses on decentralisation and its implications. In this paper, Joseph Fenech, Senior Lecturer in the Faculty of Education, University of Malta, offers a portrait of the work of four headteachers as local administrators within Malta's highly centralised system. He suggests that even within such a system a level of professional discretion remains possible at the level of the individual school.


Pediatricians must be vigilant for signs of child abuse while also recognizing that unsubstantiated concerns for abuse can have devastating effects on


Thermosetting laminated plastics are used extensively for electrical insulation because of their unusual combination of electrical, mechanical, and chemical properties. Excellent electrical insulators, these materials are also mechanically strong, light in weight, and easy to fabricate. They resist chemical corrosion, moisture, aging, heat, and temperature deterioration. To establish safe operating loads, tests for the endurance limits of dielectric strength were run on each of several grades of thermosetting plastic laminates plotting voltages against time. The data thus obtained indicate that for a given thickness and atmospheric condition, a maximum voltage exists below which failure will not occur. Tests of this type yield results which are valuable to the design engineer in determining the proper grade and thickness of material for use as insulating parts in electrical equipment.


Focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) are localized regions of malformed cerebral cortex that are frequently associated with drug-resistant epilepsy. Currently, there is a lack of research towards providing quantitative methods for characterizing minor abnormalities in cortical architecture, hindering efforts to determine whether removal affects surgical outcome, and define potential imaging correlates. In our work, we have developed a tool to extract relevant features associated with cortical architectural abnormalities that can deal with artifacts including cortical layer distortions and morphological differences caused by cortical folding effects, and processing artifacts due to improper sectioning. This framework was applied to detect abnormalities across multiple subjects and slides using unsupervised anomaly detection algorithm. Our results suggest that the technique is able to identify anomalies that correspond to visually-identifiable histological abnormalities. The frequency of abnormalities was found to differ among patients; however, the clinical significance of these findings is yet to be investigated.


PurposeThis study offers a critical inquiry into accountability vis-à-vis organizational identity formation. It investigates how accountability evolves in the transformation of an NGO operating in the field of migration management from an informal grassroots group into a fully-fledged organization.Design/methodology/approachThe paper is the outcome of a participatory action research project on Welcome Refugees (WR), a UK-based NGO. The project involved documentary analysis, focus group and semi-structured interviews, field notes, and participant observation. The analysis draws from poststructuralist theorization to explain the interplay between organizational identity and different forms of NGO accountability over time.FindingsThe study shows how different forms of accountability became salient over time and were experienced differently by organizational members, thus leading to competing collective identity narratives. Organizational members felt accountable to beneficiaries in different ways, and this was reflected in their identification with the organization. Some advocated a rights-based approach that partially resonated with the accountability demands of external donors, while others aimed at enacting their feelings of accountability by preserving their closeness with beneficiaries and using a need-based approach. These differences led to an identity struggle that was ultimately solved through the silencing of marginalized narratives and the adoption of an adaptive regime of accountability.Practical implicationsThe findings of the case are of practical relevance to quasi-organizations that struggle to form and maintain organizational identity in their first years of operation. Their survival depends not only on their ability to accommodate and/or resist a multiplicity of accountability demands but also on their ability to develop a shared and common understanding of identity accountability.Originality/valueThe paper problematizes rather than takes for granted the process through which organizations acquire a viable identity and the role of accountability within them.


This study aims at investigating the capability of the English department students, Faculty of Humanities, Udayana University in pronouncing diphthongs. Diphthong is a glide from one vowel to another. English is very rich in words containing diphthongs, such as: / aI / in the word try / traI / buy / baI /; / eI /, in the words they / ðeI /, day / deI /, / eə / as in hair / heə /, chair /tʃeə/. Meanwhile, the number of diphthongs in Indonesian and Balinese as the mother tongue of the students is very limited. This difference certainly creates problems for students in pronouncing the English words consisting of diphthongs. The knowledge of English sounds is taught in the subject of English phonetics and phonemics in the fifth semester. This study examined the ability of new students who have not taken the English Phonetics and Phonemics subject to be compared with the ability of those who have got this subject, so that it can be seen to what extent this course can change student performance in pronouncing diphthongs. This research is a qualitative descriptive research supported by quantitative data. The population of this study was 50 new students and 50 sixth semester students, taken randomly. The research instrument was a list of English words containing diphthongs and questionnaires. The technique of collecting data was done through recording, and the data were analyzed descriptive qualitatively and presented formally and informally.


Dinuclear silver(I) complexes with bridging N-phosphorylated azolylidene ligands have been synthesized. Subsequent transfer of the ligands to other group 11 metal centers (Cu, Au) has been accomplished, highlighting the usefulness of the silver complexes as an easy to handle, air- and moisture-stable source of these ligands. Preliminary results indicate that dinuclear copper(I) complexes with N-phosphorylated imidazolylidene ligands display notable catalytic efficiency in nitrene transfer reactions.


Objective: This study aims to explore the resident's perspectives of the training climate and the different learning domains within the Saudi Residency Training Program of Emergency Medicine using the Dutch Residency Educational Climate Test (D-RECT).
Methods: A cross sectional survey was conducted using email to all residents of the Saudi Residency Training Program of Emergency Medicine in Riyadh. The survey consisted of the validated Dutch Residency Educational Climate Test (D-RECT). The responses received from the participants were analyzed using JMP. ANOVA and the reliability test were applied after determining Cronbach's alpha.
Results: Ninety residents out of 215 responded to the survey. Males represented 57% of the sample with equal distribution of residents across the years of training. The overall D-RECT score was 3.51 ± 0.46. The training climate scored very well (>4) for the following subscales: Teamwork, peer collaboration, and formal education. The training climate did poorly on the scale for the item of Feedback (<3). All the other items were within an average score of 3-4. Cronbach's alpha was calculated to be above 0.6 in all scales.
Conclusion: The study shows that the emergency training program has a relatively good training climate with the need to improve on feedback for residents. Possible options to improve feedback are discussed in the article. In addition, the D-RECT score offers a good method of monitoring the training climate.


Waverider is a hypersonic vehicle that improves the lift-to-drag ratio using the shockwave attached to the leading edge of the lifting surface. Owing to its superior aerodynamic performance, it exhibits a viable external configuration in hypersonic flight conditions. Most of the existing studies on waverider employ the inverse design method to generate vehicle configuration. However, the waverider inverse design method exhibits two limitations; inaccurate definition of design space and unfeasible performance estimation during the design process. To address these issues, a novel framework to directly optimize the waverider is proposed in this paper. The osculating cone theory is adopted as a waverider inverse design method. A general methodology to define the design space is suggested by analyzing the design curves of the osculating cone theory. The performance of the waverider is estimated accurately and rapidly via combining a high-fidelity computational fluid dynamics solver and a surrogate model. A comparison study shows that the proposed direct optimization framework enables a more accurate design space and efficient performance estimation. The framework is applied to the multi-objective optimization problem, which maximizes internal volume and minimizes aerodynamic drag. Finally, general characteristics for waverider are presented by analyzing the optimized results with data mining methods such as K-means.


An extensive reading project named 'Reading for Pleasure' has been implemented since 1999 at both Keio University and Sophia University i . Students read and talk about books they have read in reciprocal relationships between peers in the classroom and online using the Interactive Reading Community (IRC) homepage. This paper describes the underlying idea and methods of the project which will make each and every student into an autonomous reader. First, problems of the reading classes in junior and senior high schools and cram schools are pointed out. As a solution to these problems, the educational value of an extensive reading project in the university English education is discussed in detail. The IRC is presented as an example of the implementation of this philosophy and examined in terms of cultural and educational values in the Japanese educational system.


Argan pulp is an abundant byproduct from the argan oil process. It was investigated to study the feasibility of second-generation bioethanol production using, for the first time, enzymatic hydrolysis pretreatment. Argan pulp was subjected to an industrial grinding process before enzymatic hydrolysis using Viscozyme L and Celluclast 1.5 L, followed by fermentation of the resulting sugar solution by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The argan pulp, as a biomass rich on carbohydrates, presented high saccharification yields (up to 91% and 88%) and an optimal ethanol bioconversion of 44.82% and 47.16% using 30 FBGU/g and 30 U/g of Viscozyme L and Celluclast 1.5 L, respectively, at 10%w/v of argan biomass.


This article investigates the foundations of cooperative identity and how it is constructed by the organization. More specifically, our research focuses on a financial cooperative in the simultaneously emerging and consolidating cultural sector. The originality of this article lies in the methodology used – textual analysis. We use the Economies of Worth model developed by Boltanski and Thévenot (2006), which accounts for a plurality of legitimate forms of evaluation used in the processes of critique and justification.


The important factor to be considered in biomass production is the maximum light use efficiency. The capture of radiation and its use in dry matter production depends on the fraction of the incident photosynthetically active radiation (PAR). An experiment was conducted in the campus of Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth Akola, Maharashtra during 2018-2019 with the objective to study microclimatic effect under Babul (Acacia nilotica L.) for checking the suitability of Babul to match the under story agricultural crops and pasture grasses on the basis of microclimatic parameters recorded under and outside the canopy of Babul. Collected data were statistically analyzed with descriptive statistics by calculating mean and standard deviation. Observations on microclimatic parameters Photosynthetically active radiation were recorded from October to December (Rabbi Season). Observations were recorded under and outside the canopy of Babul by selecting ten trees from the 15x15 m plot of Babul plantation site and data were recorded during (9 am, 2pm, and 4pm) in a day by weekly intervals for three months. The results revealed that the microclimatic parameter such as photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) showed lower values under the canopy and higher value outside the canopy, and from West and South direction highest PAR was recorded. In comparison, average PAR values under the canopy from all the three months were lower for the outside canopy PAR value. On the basis of this farmer can chose the suitable understory agricultural crops and pasture grasses.


As the number of body area electronics increases, the power source is becoming a major bottleneck. Using a battery for each node is bulky and inconvenient due to the need of frequent battery replacement/recharging. Conventional harvesting methods are largely placement confined and thus unable to sustain multiple nodes of heterogeneous placements simultaneously [1], [2]. For simultaneous power delivery to multiple nodes on body, [3] utilizes the near-field inductive link for power delivery to sensor nodes placed on the eTextiles shirt and thus exhibits placement constraints, whereas the far-field RF transfer based [4] suffers from antenna pattern distortion and body shadowing effect (RF energy blocked by human body), leaving sensor nodes under such effect practically uncovered due to the 20~40 dB more channel degradation [5]. Such placement-induced nonidealities, along with distance/environment induced impedance variations and voltage/power degradations, challenges the powering system design for wider body coverage. This paper presents the full-body coverage "body-coupled power delivery" and the placement-independent "body-coupled ambient energy harvesting" ICs, achieved by the Bulk Adaptation Rectifier (BAR) and the Detuned Impedance Booster (DIB), with the power sustainability supported by the Dual Mode Buck-Boost Converter (DM-BBC).


Major explosive volcanic eruptions may significantly alter the global atmosphere for about 2–3 years. During that period, volcanic products (mainly H2SO4) with high residence time, stored in the stratosphere or, for shorter times, in the troposphere are gradually deposited onto polar ice caps. Antarctic snow may thus record acidic signals providing a history of past volcanic events. The high resolution sulphate concentration profile along a 197 m long ice core drilled at GV7 (Northern Victoria land) was obtained by Ion Chromatography on around 3500 discrete samples. The relatively high accumulation rate (241 ± 13 mm we yr −1) and the 5‐cm sampling resolution allowed a preliminary counted age scale. The obtained stratigraphy covers roughly the last millennium and 24 major volcanic eruptions were identified, dated, and tentatively ascribed to a source volcano. The deposition flux of volcanic sulphate was calculated for each signature and the results were compared with data from other Antarctic ice cores at regional and continental scale. Our results show that the regional variability is of the same order of magnitude as the continental one.


We study the effect of a dibaryon, S, in the mass range 1860 MeV < m_S < 2054 MeV, which is heavy enough not to disturb the stability of nuclei and light enough to possibly be cosmologically metastable. Such a deeply bound state can act as a baryon sink in regions of high baryon density and temperature. We find that the ambient conditions encountered inside a newly born neutron star are likely to sustain a sufficient population of hyperons to ensure that a population of S dibaryons can equilibrate in less than a few seconds. This would be catastrophic for the stability of neutron stars and the observation of neutrino emission from the proto-neutron star of Supernova 1987A over ~ O(10)s. A deeply bound dibaryon is therefore incompatible with the observed supernova explosion, unless the cross section for S production is severely suppressed.


The paper considers the dynamics of the coalescence of two drops of Newtonian fluid. Using numerical simulations for a two-phase liquid-air system, the change in droplet shapes over time is shown for different properties of liquids. Numerical simulation data are compared with experimental data.


Confidential wireless transmission of a 150 Mb/s chaotic encoded signal with an artificial signal to noise ratio of 0 dB is experimentally demonstrated at 28 GHz. The chaos is generated by a digitally implemented Duffing oscillator system.


The "one-size-fits-all" College English graded teaching mode failed to really implement the guiding principle of "teaching students according to their aptitude" in independent colleges.In this paper,by analyzing the disadvantages of the present graded teaching method,and based on this guiding principle,the author proposes a three-dimensional College English teaching mode from the perspective of the differences of diverse majors,hoping to provide useful experience of improving the efficiency of College English teaching in independent colleges.


For five-axis flank machining process, the static deflection of cutter and workpiece creates surface errors that leads to disqualification in thin-walled parts industry. In order to concentrate on mentioned issues, the dimensional surface error is predicted in the paper which is caused by cutting force. First, the cutter is processed for a cantilever structure, hence the analytical solution for deformation of end-mill can be obtained. Then, the flexible cutting force is distributed on finite element (FE) model of workpiece. The stiffness of the workpiece varies with the material removal. Subsequently, a flexible iterative calculation method for deflection prediction is achieved. Finally, the presented model is demonstrated by machining a thin-walled parts, in which the surface error prediction coincides with the experimental results.


The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of verjuice on atherosclerosis risk factors in rabbits fed a cholesterol-rich diet for how long. Two New Zealand rabbits were used for this study which lasted 8 weeks. The rabbits were divided to four groups and treated as follows normal diet, cholesterol-rich diet, cholesterol-rich diet supplemented with 5 ml verjuice and cholesterol-rich diet supplemented with 10 ml verjuice. The low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), malondialdehyde (MDA), oxidized LDL (ox-LDL), nitrite, nitrate; factor VII, fibrinogen and C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured before and after experimental feeding. In all groups, fatty streak formation in right and left coronary arteries were determined at the end of the study. Administration of low (5 ml) and high (10 ml) dose of verjuice significantly lowered the levels of fibrinogen (p < 0.05) and atherosclerotic lesion in right and left coronary arteries (p < 0.05). However, the serum level of nitrite and nitrate increased in both verjuice supplemented groups. Administration of 10 ml verjuice could significantly reduce the amount of MDA, ox-LDL, LDL-C (p < 0.05). No significant effects were noted for CRP and factor VII after consumption of both doses of verjuice. We conclude that verjuice could reduce some atherosclerotic risk factors in long term treatment.


From obstruction or injury of the Qi of spleen and stomach Dr.Wu Ju-tong considered that the etiology of deficiency failing to receive invigorating therapy was classified to three categories.Simultaneously,the simple treatment methods were indicated.Combining with other correlated opinions of Dr.WU his train of thought was analyzed from clinical practices and supplemented opinion was suggested.


Thank you for downloading the turbulent teens understanding helping surviving. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have search numerous times for their favorite novels like this the turbulent teens understanding helping surviving, but end up in harmful downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of tea in the afternoon, instead they juggled with some harmful bugs inside their desktop computer.


The utility model discloses a constant-voltage drainage gastric tube which consists of a drainage tube (1); and a drainage side hole (2) is formed on the side wall at one end of the drainage tube (1). The gastric tube is characterized in that a constant-voltage negative pressure bottle (3) is connected with the other end of the drainage tube (1); a gravity suction cylinder (4) is fixed on one side of the constant-voltage negative pressure bottle (3); an upper mouth spigotjoint of the gravity suction cylinder (4) is connected with an catheter spigotjoint of the constant-voltage negative pressure bottle (3) through a catheter (5); and a fixed hook (6) is arranged on the wall between the gravity suction cylinder (4) and the constant-voltage negative pressure bottle (3). The gastric tube can not only prevent the gastric tube from dropping, but also is provided with constant-voltage negative pressure suction apparatus which causes the gastric tube to always conduct suction under a set negative pressure suction force during a drainage process of the gastric tube, thereby preventing the gastric tube from being blocked by lump matters or mucus; at the same time, tapping is convenient, and the gastric tube is provided with functions of concurrent sterilization, disinfection and peculiar smell elimination, so that the use of the gastric tube is more convenient and safer; and the gastric tube can be widely applied to intragastric drainage of various operations.


The beamforming techniques have been recently studied as possible enablers for underlay spectrum sharing. The existing beamforming techniques have several common limitations: they are usually system model specific, cannot operate with arbitrary number of transmit/receive antennas, and cannot serve arbitrary number of users. Moreover, the beamforming techniques for underlay spectrum sharing do not consider the interference originating from the incumbent primary system. This paper extends the common underlay sharing model by incorporating the interference originating from the incumbent system into generic combined beamforming design that can be applied on interference, broadcast, or multiple access channels. This paper proposes two novel multiuser beamforming algorithms for user fairness and sum rate maximization, utilizing newly derived convex optimization problems for transmit and receive beamformers calculation in a recursive optimization. Both beamforming algorithms provide efficient operation for the interference, broadcast, and multiple access channels, as well as for arbitrary number of antennas and secondary users in the system. Furthermore, this paper proposes a successive transmit/receive optimization approach that reduces the computational complexity of the proposed recursive algorithms. The results show that the proposed complexity reduction significantly improves the convergence rates and can facilitate their operation in scenarios, which require agile beamformer computation.


Many low-income households in developing countries cannot afford the high costs of medical treatment. They often resort to cost-saving, but risky options for their treatment. The article uses data published in earlier studies in India to analyse the treatment decisions of low-income households. We compare parents' decisions about their children's treatment with those about their own treatment. The analysis shows that parents often adopt a cost-saving (and risk-taking) attitude about their own treatment, relative to that for their children. This difference is found even when the parents and children have the same sickness profiles and also, when the parents have a higher incidence of serious sicknesses. There is a need for policies to increase affordable access to medicines. These include poverty alleviation and competition/regulation to reduce prices of medicines.


The evaluation reform of new courses and mathematics teaching is under study,so as to change the traditional teaching evaluation pattern based on imparting knowledge.This paper is to find out and set up a new three-model evaluation pattern of teaching containing multi-subjection,multi-method,and multi-level.


By analyzing the 2-D river-network numerical model,a generic 2-D river-network numerical model is brought forward.In this mode,the 2-D river-network is combined with the several cells which include "tree-like" river cell,"ring-like" river cell,and "cross-like" river cell.By disposing these cells,1-D river-network coupling with 2-D can be easily simulated,and a soft system about generic 2-D river-network′s numerical model is built.Derivation and realization of the "tree-like" cell calculation model shows that the method is very valuable and can be applied to the large-scale simulation of 1-D and 2-D river-network.


Aim  Restoration of habitats may be used as a conservation tool when ecosystems have lost their natural structure, dynamics or functioning over large areas. Controlled and planned use of fire could be an effective way to restore habitats of many threatened species in boreal forests where fire suppression has been effective. We asked whether the large‐scale landscape context affects the occurrence of rare and threatened species in forest habitats that have been burned to restore their fire‐related structures.


Textbooks are undoubtedly the most important components of English language classrooms and fulfill a range of needs in terms of language acquisition. Considering their pivotal role in language learning, their routine evaluation is essential to confirm whether they are instrumental in achieving the desired outcomes or not. This study evaluated the secondary school grade 11 and 12 English language textbooks, 'Engage with English' (EWE), used in the Omani public schools using a mixed-methods approach. Sixty-one high school teachers evaluated the textbook using the adapted version of Cunningsworth's (1995) textbook evaluation checklist which comprises 38 items with the core areas including alignment with the curricular aims, design, organization, content, themes, methodology, and teacher's book. To get deeper insights, semi-structured interviews were also conducted with eight high school teachers and two staff members of the Directorate of Curriculum Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Oman. The student perceptions (n=100) were gathered using a short survey questionnaire. Quantitative data were analyzed using Smart PLS- Structural Equation Modeling while qualitative data were categorized and analyzed thematically. The findings indicate overall positive results in most of the areas assessed, however, there is scope for further improvement in developing writing skills, pronunciation practice, appropriate vocabulary, critical thinking skills, and study skills. The study has pedagogical implications for curriculum designers, researchers, teachers, and students.


This paper introduces a statistical method to identify spectral signatures of buried archaeological remains and distinguish them from spectra of the background soil in the visible to near infrared region. The proposed method is based on the Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The difference between an archaeological spectrum and non-archaeological soil spectra is quantified by a so-called R value. R values larger than 1 indicate that the spectrum represents an archaeological material. The method is successfully applied to samples from five study sites in Italy and Hungary with special conditions. The reflection spectra are taken in a time-efficient way with a field spectrometer. The method works best if background non-archaeological soil spectra are gathered from the same area, around the targeted archaeological site. Also, it can work without such local background spectra (but with lower accuracy) using background spectra from existing spectral libraries. This indicates that the method can, in principle, be applied to any archaeological site which is spectrally distinct from its surroundings. The paper highlights that this method does not require high spectral resolution and thus has the advantage of using low spectral resolution spectrometers which can eventually be applied for continuous 2D imaging applications with high temporal resolution. Additional studies are needed to further improve the method and to investigate under which conditions it works well or only with limited accuracy.


Objective To investigate the effect of exogenous melatonin(MLT)in the formation of form deprived myopia(FDM)in guinea pigs.Methods Forty guinea pigs with 7 days old were divided into four groups,10 cases in each group,FDM model were established in the right eyes,and the left eyes were set as control.Group A:The control group;Group B,C,D:Intraperitoneal injection of different doses of MLT(5 mg·kg-1,10 mg·kg-1,20 mg·kg-1).The axial length was measured with A-mode ultrasound,and the eyes refractive state was determined by streak retinoscopy,MLT receptor MT1,iNOS and c-fos were analysed with immunohistochemistry after 8 weeks.Results In the FDM eyes of group A,the diopter,axial length,expression of iNOS,MT1 and c-fos were(-7.86±0.26)D,(8.51±0.16)mm,0.483 6±0.024 7,0.317 9±0.034 4 and 0.228 2±0.024 6,the FDM model was successfully established.Intra-peritoneal injection of different doses MLT,as compared with group A,these indexes were significantly inhibited or even reversed with doses of exogenous MLT increased.In the FDM eyes of group C and D,the diopter,axial length,expression of iNOS,MT1 and c-fos were(-4.30±0.59)D and(-3.41±0.88)D,(8.04±0.24)mm and(7.43±0.39)mm,0.373 3±0.042 7 and 0.307 9±0.126 1,0.374 3±0.044 7 and 0.405 5±0.091 9,0.371 3±0.078 6 and 0.445 8±0.097 4,respectively;There were statistical differences between group C,D and group A(all P0.05),but there was no difference between group A and B(P0.05).Conclusion Exogenous MLT can inhibite or even reverse the refraction,axial length and immunoreactivity of iNOS,MT1,c-fos in the FDM,the effects in the high dose groups are more significant than that in the low dose group.From these we can deduce that the exogenous MLT inhibites the formation of FDM.


To improve the dynamic characteristics and cavitation characteristics of large-flow pilot operated check valve, consider the pilot poppet as the research object, analyses working principle and design three different kinds of pilot poppets. The vibration characteristics and impact characteristics are analyzed. The simulation model is established through flow field simulation software. The cavitation characteristics of large-flow pilot operated check valve are studied and discussed. On this basis, high-pressure large-flow impact experimental system is used for impact experiment, and the cavitation index is discussed. Then optimal structure is obtained. Simulation results indicate that the increase of pilot poppet half cone angle can effectively reduce the cavitation area, reducing the generation of cavitation. Experimental results show that the pressure impact is not decreasing with increasing of pilot poppet half cone angle in process of unloading, but the unloading capacity, response speed and pilot poppet half cone angle are positively correlated. The impact characteristics of 60° pilot poppet, and its cavitation index is lesser, which indicates 60° pilot poppet is the optimal structure, with the theory results are basically identical.To improve the dynamic characteristics and cavitation characteristics of large-flow pilot operated check valve, consider the pilot poppet as the research object, analyses working principle and design three different kinds of pilot poppets. The vibration characteristics and impact characteristics are analyzed. The simulation model is established through flow field simulation software. The cavitation characteristics of large-flow pilot operated check valve are studied and discussed. On this basis, high-pressure large-flow impact experimental system is used for impact experiment, and the cavitation index is discussed. Then optimal structure is obtained. Simulation results indicate that the increase of pilot poppet half cone angle can effectively reduce the cavitation area, reducing the generation of cavitation. Experimental results show that the pressure impact is not decreasing with increasing of pilot poppet half cone angle in process of unloading, but the unloading capacity, response speed and pilot poppe...


Atrial fibrillation (AFIB) is a common clinical problem affecting approximately 0.5-1% of the United States population. Radio-frequency (RF) multielectrode catheter (MEC) ablation has successes in curing AFIB. We utilized finite-element method analysis to determine the myocardial temperature distri- bution after 30 s, 80 C temperature-controlled unipolar ablation using three 7F 12.5-mm electrodes with 2-mm interelectrode spacing MEC. Numerical results demonstrated that cold spots occurred at the edges of the middle electrode and hot spots at the side electrodes. We introduced the bipolar phase-shifted tech- nique for RF energy delivery of MEC ablation. We determined the optimal phase-shift ( ) between the two sinusoidal voltage sources of a simplified two-dimensional finite-element model. At the optimal , we can achieve a temperature distribution that minimizes the difference between temperatures at electrode edges. We also studied the effects of myocardial electric conductivity ( ), thermal conductivity ( ), and the electrode spacing on the optimal . When we varied and from 50% to 150%, optimal ranged from 29.5 to 23.5 , and in the vicinity of 26.5 , respectively. The optimal for 3-mm spacing MEC was 30.5 . We show the design of a simplified bipolar phase-shifted MEC ablation system.


After a brief introductory summary of what is today known about the forms of early Christian worship, the poetic and musical dimensions of early Christian worship is discussed under three headings: ...


During the late asymptotic giant branch (AGB) phase of stellar evolution, the element carbon is created through the triple-α nuclear reaction. This is followed by the synthesis of other heavy elements via neutron capture in the core and the dredge-up of these elements to the surface by convection. Simple molecules and solid-state minerals begin to form in the upper photosphere. These molecules and solids are ejected into the interstellar medium by a strong stellar wind. During the subsequent post-AGB evolution, complex organics with aromatic and aliphatic structures are synthesized in the circumstellar envelope. Planetary nebulae, formed by swept-up circumstellar material, are found to show strong spectral signatures of ions, atoms, molecules, and inorganic and organic solids. These ejected materials of planetary nebulae serve as primordial ingredients of formation of new stars and planetary systems. Stellar synthesized organic solids may survive their journeys through the interstellar medium and evidence for remnants of such organics can be found in our own Solar System. In this paper, we summarize the recent observations of circumstellar synthesis of molecules and solids and discuss the implications of these ejected circumstellar materials on the chemical enrichment of the Galaxy and planetary systems.


In this work, the thermal performance enhancement of a shallow solar pond (SSP) was verified theoretically. The SSP operates under the open cycle to extract heat in order to increase own efficiency. SSP was provided with two transparent glass covers to reduce heat loss and increase global warming. It was also coated with a heat insulation material; the bottom of the SSP is painted in black to improve the absorption of solar radiation. In order to enhance heat extraction, five types of nanofluids with different physical properties were passed through a heat exchanger in the form of a serpentine welded to the bottom of the SSP. Five types of metal nanoparticles such as Al2O3, CuO, TiO2, SiO2, and Cu were mixed with pure water under various concentrations ranging from 0 to 5 % to obtain the nanofluids. A numerical model was developed based on the solution of thermal balance equations after discretization by using real meteorological conditions of the Medea city located in Algeria. The simulation was conducted on June 8 from 5 am to 6 am hours for the next day. The obtained results, including thermophysical properties, temperature of the pond and exergy performance, were presented and discussed.


The present invention relates to a cushion for a vehicle seat. Embodiments of the invention may comprise a support for a seated occupant cushion; the cushion pad portion divided into left, middle and right cushion pad portion; soft resin dispersed throughout the foam pad portion left, the right pad and the intermediate pad portion part; the left of the left pad portion having a first volume for holding a resilient three-dimensional web of fibers held by volume; the right of the portion of the right pad having resilient three-dimensional fibrous web for holding a second volume of the holding volume; and the intermediate pad portion does not have a resilient three-dimensional network of fibers is contained in the interior volume of.


Franchising is a concept whereby independent entiti es embark upon mutual cooperation, as a part of which the franchisor (as the system's organiser) transfers onto the franchisees, in exchange for an appropriate fee, the recipe for a particular business activity and how it should be operated. The relationships between those entities are based on a contract and lead to the creation of a franchise network, constituting of entities that are independent legally, in terms of ownership and financially, who are at the same t ime homogeneous from the point of view of those purchasing offered products or services [compare to Chmielarski 2002, p. 218-219]. The core type of ent ities that operate as franchisees in majority of networks are micro, smal l and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), who find the franchising concep t to be a great opportunity of obtaining support towards their entrepreneurial activities. Taking the above into account, the aim of this paper is to present the capabilities of applying the concept of franchising in the development of entrepreneurship in the SME sector. In order to ach ieve this aim, empirical research has been conducted in form of a case study , having selected by means of purposive sampling the "Iza" enterprise, a franc hisee operating as a part of the "Żabka" network. A detailed research method used was the unstructured interview with the company owner and the method of document analysis. During the empirical work particular attention was paid to the conditions, determinants and effects of franchising in stimulating the entre preneurial activities of the researched company.


Results of density functional theory computations of infrared (IR) spectra of linear sandwich V(n)Bz(n+1), n = 1-6, complexes are presented. It is shown that the systematic changes in the spectra as a function of the complex size can be categorized and understood in terms of responses of the "parent" modes of the Bz molecule and the VBz complex. The analysis presented should be applicable to a broad class of linear sandwich systems.


At present, the rate of corruption and bribery crime soars constantly,and the big and important cases occupy the main part of it.The main reasons of remaining incessant of this crime involve the reform of political economic system and the restriction of power mechanism,etc.Therefore, the compensation mechanism of corruption and bribery crime should be set up in civil law.


A feasibility study is presented of utilizing modern satellite technology, or more advanced technology, to create a cost-effective, user-friendly, integrated video service, which can provide videophone, video conference, or other equivalent wideband service on demand. A system is described that permits a user to select a desired audience and establish the required links similar to arranging a teleconference by phone. Attention is given to video standards, video traffic scenarios, satellite system architecture, and user costs.


[The amphipod, Gammarus leopoliensis Jazdzewski & Konopacka, 1989, originally described from Poland, appears now to have been collected in Hungary already in 1959 and is herein reported from this country for the first time. A short description and drawings of the Hungarian specimens of the species are provided. L'amphipode Gammarus leopoliensis Jazdzewski & Konopacka, 1989, decrit a l'origine de Pologne, aurait ete collecte en Hongrie deja en 1959 et est ici signale de ce pays pour la premiere fois. Une courte description et des illustrations des specimens hongrois de cette espece sont presentes ici. , The amphipod, Gammarus leopoliensis Jazdzewski & Konopacka, 1989, originally described from Poland, appears now to have been collected in Hungary already in 1959 and is herein reported from this country for the first time. A short description and drawings of the Hungarian specimens of the species are provided. L'amphipode Gammarus leopoliensis Jazdzewski & Konopacka, 1989, decrit a l'origine de Pologne, aurait ete collecte en Hongrie deja en 1959 et est ici signale de ce pays pour la premiere fois. Une courte description et des illustrations des specimens hongrois de cette espece sont presentes ici. ]


: Pine structure of absorption edges between 0 and 2 kev from rare-earth sesquioxide thin films were studied by electron energy-loss spectroscopy i n STEM. Rare-earth thin films (approximately 40 nm thick) are deposited by Joule evaporation onto NaCQ substrates, under a vacuum of 10-4 Pa. After floating off the films i n water, they are heated inside an electron microscope by means of the focused electron beam. In this way it is easy t o obtain - depending on the annealing temperature - all the w e l l defined structures of the polymorphic rare-earth sesquioxides: A (hexagonal) for La, Pr and Nd; B (monoclinic) for Sm, Gd and Tb; amd C (cubic) for the other elements ( D y t o Lu including Sc and Y). Only Eu and Yb have not yet been studied.


The increasing prominence of China in world trade raises important questions about the impact of this on importer countries. In this paper, we address the issue of how import competition from China has affected relative wages in the Chilean manufacturing industry. Using plant-level data for the period 1996–2005, we find that increasing imports from China have depressed relative wages in sectors with higher Chinese-import penetration. Our results show a significant reduction of relative wages, between 4 and 25 percent, for those sectors that have experienced the largest increases in Chinese imports. We also find that this effect is particularly strong for small firms, while large firms are unaffected.