The identification and evaluation of all factors influencing runoff and erosion on the erosive lands of the nation are manifestly studies of the most fundamental importance, especially in so far as they may be made to yield definite information upon methods of control over this insidious tendency upon cultivated lands.

Investigations in progress at our Soil Erosion Experiment Stations have rather clearly shown that we may divide the factors that are mainly responsible for preventing or provoking erosion into two broad categories, namely: (1) The protective effects of dense covers of vegetation of one kind or another, and (2) the almost certain destruction that follows the exposure of cultivated slopes to natural conditions of rainfall. Thus it is a fact that increasing the slope on Kirvin fine sandy loam-soil— which is the most extensive and probably the most erosive soil-type in the East Texas—Louisiana-Arkansas sandy-land region served by the Erosion Station at Tyler, Texas—from 8 3/4 per cent to 16 1/2 per cent does not appreciably affect the almost perfect erosion-control provided by the use of a dense Bermuda sod. However, under conditions of clean cultivation, as with cotton, the same change in slope on the same soil greatly increases the soil-loss which already is excessive under such conditions on slopes of more than six or seven per cent.


Objective of the research: to study the features of the radiological picture of the brain and internal organs of newborns with severe perinatal asphyxia, who underwent general therapeutic hypothermia (GTH). Materials and methods: the study included 116 newborns with severe perinatal asphyxia. GTH was performed in 72 patients (group 1), 44 children did not receive hypothermia in the 2 (control) group. In the first 6 hours of life, children of groups 1 and 2 underwent ultrasound of the brain and abdominal organs and chest x-ray. The complex ultrasound scan was repeated at 3–5, 7–10, 14–16 and 21–28 days. Repeated chest x-ray was carried out strictly according to the indications. Results: GTH reduced the incidence of organic brain lesions by 18% in children with severe perinatal asphyxia (p0,05). The study revealed a number of undesirable consequences associated with GTH. Transient effusion into the abdominal and thoracic cavities was diagnosed by ultrasound in 8 (11%) patients after hypothermia, while there were no such changes in children in the control group (p<0,05). X-ray of the chest in newborns who received GTH during the first 14 days revealed edematous-hemorrhagic changes in the lungs more often than in patients of the control group – 55 (76%) and 24 (55%), respectively (p<0,05). Conclusions: GTH effectively prevented the development of severe post-hypoxic changes in the brain. The negative effect of hypothermia on microcirculation was manifested by the development of effusion into the serous cavities and edematous-hemorrhagic syndrome.


functioning in more than four hundred communities. In recent years their financial campaigns have been synchronized under national leadership in a well-publicized "Mobilization for Human Needs." This type of aggressive leadership in the chests has done much to prevent the debacle in volunteer giving that seemed in 1929 so certain to ensue. Up to June 12, 1936, 350 community chests had raised a total of $69,989,084 for the support of private social work during that year. 1


Summary Fifty girls of Pakistani origin attending a single‐sex school were interviewed about their views on education. Similar interviews were conducted with their mothers and fathers. The girls and their mothers were much more likely than the fathers to see the purpose of education for girls in terms of qualifications for getting a job. Approximately half the parents were in favour of establishing separate Muslim schools to help preserve their religion and culture. Only a quarter of the girls favoured such schools, and these were mainly younger girls who disliked the teasing they received in a multiracial school. Parents who did not want to see Islamic schools established generally felt that existing schools were accommodating Muslim demands, while the girls stressed the importance of integration with other cultures.


Objective To find a new quality control method of coptis root medicine slices applied to hospital where laboratory facilities are not available.Methods Reference substance of coptis root,its decoction pieces water-soluble and its chief component berberinen was analyzed by UV.The detection wave length was 344±1nm.The content of berberinen in different decoction was analyzed by UV and TLC scanner,and compared their relationship.These results compared with tradition view quality control methods.Results The traditional quality control method could not evaluated internal quality of medicine slices.UV absorbance in 344±1nm the content of berberinen in decoction and its contracted water-soluble have positive relativity. Conclusion The UV absorbance in 344+1nm could be identified the coptis root medicine slices in hospital.


The main purpose of this study is to demonstrate these points: a) a prosecutor that did not get a fi fth of the votes in a public lawsuit or did not continue an initiated action immediately incurred a fi ne of 1.000 drachmas inexorably linked to partial and temporary (not permanent) atimia . If, as later, he did not settle the debt in the ninth pritany , it was doubled (2.000 drachmas) and atimia went from partial to total. As he paid off, he became epitimos ; b) a prosecutor who did not go on with an eisangelia was subject to the preceding punishment; however a plaintiff who did not obtain a fi fth of the votes in it did not suffer any punishment at fi rst, but from about 331 BC he was punished with 1.000 drachmas, but not with partial atimia ; c) the defendant who was sentenced on euthynai, on some graphai or dikai to indemnify the state or fi ned by a magistrate, turned into public debtor from that very moment, but not into atimos. If, as a last resort, he did not pay off the debt in the ninth prytany , it was doubled and he became fully atimos . He was again epitimos as soon as he cleared off what he owed.


ABSTRACT The paper presents the stability analysis of thin walled open and closed cross section orthotropic composite beams subjected to axial or transverse loads. In the analysis both the transverse shear and the restrained warping induced shear deformations are taken into account. Explicit expressions are presented for the buckling load of axially loaded composite columns and for the lateral torsional buckling load of transversely loaded composite beams. Simple expressions are also presented to determine the approximate reduction in the buckling load due to shear deformations. The local buckling analysis of composite beams is also discussed.


R. JUSTICE H. R. Khanna is known for his candour, courage and M robust commonscnsc. A man of gentle moderation and intrinsic humility, he speaks on the theme of "Liberty, Dcmocracy and Ethics" in this volume 64th transparent sincerity of purpose. The baok is a collection of addresses delivered on public ccxsions and is therefore necessarily gcncral i n its approach and thought content. Thcse addresses are not analytical and critical law review essays of academic craftsmanship in any narrow or specialised groove. The strength of Justicc Khanna's book is its breadth of vision and corlcern and its deep humanism and patriotism. It informs, educates and awakensits readers and lucidly explains the elements of our constitutional system and its underlying values. Much of what Justice Khanna says is not new, but he says it forcefully, persuasively and engagingly. Defending and defining right to personal liberty, Justice Khanna cautions the nation by stressing that a constitutional bill of rights is not to be converted into a suicide pact. "Democracy", he says, "embodies the principle of resistance to government within the principle of government itself." He tells us that "entrustment of power to those in charge of the government of the country calls for utmost vigilance," and at the same time reminds us that '<a weak government is also an unconsicous ally of the forces of tyranny and oppression." In an address to the International Conference on Dynamic, Durable and Ethical Deniocracy in March 1978, he describes the dilemma of powers necessary for efTective government and the concomitant problem of abuse of power. t


Gas discharge between liquid electrolyte and a copper electrode at capacities that make up tens of kilowatts is experimentally investigated. As the liquid electrolyte we used the aqueous solution of sodium chloride. Identification of conditions of occurrence of the constricted channels. The electrical and spectral characteristics of the discharge in such conditions were studied.


Caroline Shuldham discusses the important part research plays in improving the health and treatment of patients and argues that nurses need to get more involved.


Since the mid-twentieth century, the question of achieving procedural and substantive justice in the context of judicial mediation has received significant attention beginning with the work of Owen Fiss and Lon Fuller. Recent work has highlighted the growing inefficiencies of civil litigation in economically advanced countries, while at the same time, cautioning judiciaries to ensure that justice is safeguarded in extra-judicial procedures.1 Building on a growing body of empirical cross-jurisdictional research examining mediation reform and policy,2 this book explores


Wavelet transformation is adopted in this paper,and the basic principles of discrete wavelet transformation and power spectrum estimation based on continuous wavelet transformation are given. The simulation steps and results are presented,and the characteristics of the two methods discussed. The signal processing system based on the digital signal processor(DSP) is designed which has the characteristics of powerful functions,speediness and higher reliability. The methods used in this paper is suitable to other flowmeters.


Objective To make microRNAs (miRNAs) microarray for mammal miRNAs profiling and to screen breast cancer-specific miRNAs and analyze their functions preliminarily. Methods First, 496 probes designed according to known miRNAs sequences of human and mouse. Then, miRNAs microarray was made and subjected to credibility verification. Next, MCF-7, breast cancer cell line, and MCF-10A, normal human mammary epithelial cell line were cultured for respective total RNA extraction. Small molecular RNA was separated and fluorescence labeling was performed by T_4 RNA ligase. Finally, microarray hybridization was performed to obtain miRNAs signature of human breast cancer. Results We successfully made credible miRNAs microarray and obtained 57 breast cancer-related miRNAs by microarray-based screening, including 29 highly-expressed miRNAs and 28 lowly-expressed ones. Conclusion We built up the technical platform of mammal miRNAs detection and obtained miRNAs signature of human breast cancer so as to lay necessary basis for research on the function of miRNAs in breast cancer.


This study examines the level of community participation in rural water supply in Vietnam from two approaches: (1) the legal documents at the top level as well as implementing guidances and (2) the case study of community practice and awareness about their role in local water supply. Rural water supply policy and regulations are assessed to point out how they allow and support community participation. A survey conducted in My Hoa commune, Tra Vinh province, with the total of 152 households, reveals the levels and types of the community participation, from which some lessons learned can be drawn. The engagement of the community in monitoring and maintenance of the water supply infrastructure is seen as a key for the sustainability of the clean water supply service. Recommendations are given to improve community participation, and therefore to have better clean water supply service in rural areas.


We present a fiber-coupled single-photon detector with 98% system detection efficiencies at 1550 nm. We characterize beam divergence within the optical stack and the electronic compensations required for large-active-area detectors.


Magnetic reconnection phenomena are investigated taking into account all three vector components of the magnetic field in a laboratory experiment. Two toroidal magnetized plasmas carrying identical toroidal currents and poloidal field configurations are made to collide, thereby inducing magnetic reconnections, The directions of the toroidal field play an important role in the merging process. It is found that plasmas of anti-parallel helicity merge much faster than those of parallel helicity. It is also found that the reconnection rate is proportional to the initial relative velocity of the two plasma tori, suggesting that magnetic reconnection, in the present experiment, is forced phenomenon. 16 refs., 5 figs.


Objective
To explore the application of staged gradient follow-up in patients with cerebral infarction thrombolytic therapy.

Methods
Our hospital in January 2010 to January 2014 received 100 thrombolytic therapy patients with cerebral infarction and we divided them into test group and control group according to the random number table method on average. The patients of test group were received follow-up care, while the patients of control group received conventional rehabilitation care guide. Daily living ability and life satisfaction were assessed in patients discharged from hospital after 4 and 8 months, and the overall function were evaluated at 8 months discharged from hospital.

Results
At 8 months discharged from hospital, the patients of test group had better recovery than patients of control group (P<0.05); 4 and 8 months after discharge, the ability of daily living and life satisfaction in the test group were higher than those of the control group (P<0.05).

Conclusions
Staged gradient postoperative follow-up can contribute to the overall function of thrombolysis in patients with cerebral infarction recovery, improve the patient′s activities of daily living and life satisfaction.

Key words:
Stroke; Thrombolysis; Staged gradient; Nursing


The invention relates to a radiator structure of a semiconductor lighting fixture, aiming at, under the condition of not changing the volume of the semiconductor fixture, effectively adjusting radiating power distribution of radiating elements in the fixture, forming rational temperature gradient of gas in the fixture and further acting in concert with a gas flowing heat transfer passage formed by the shell structure of the fixture to achieve the objective of raising the flow rate of the heat transfer gas in the fixture, namely improving heat radiation in the fixture. The radiator structure comprises a fixture shell and a semiconductor light source heating device arranged in the fixture shell; wherein, at least one side of the semiconductor light source heating device is provided with the radiating element thermally communicated therewith; the radiating element is positioned in the fixture shell; a cold air inlet is correspondingly arranged on the lower surface of the fixture shell and a hot air outlet is correspondingly arranged on the upper surface thereof. The radiator structure can effectively improve the radiating effect of the semiconductor light source heating device in the fixture.


In this paper, optical spectra of LiYF4 single crystals doped with Tm3+ions of various concentrations are reported.The emission intensity at 1.8 μm first increases with increasing Tm3+concentration, and reaches a maximum value when the concentration of Tm3+is about 1.28 mol%, then it decreases rapidly as the concentration of Tm3+further increases to 3.49 mol%. The emission lifetime at 1.8 μm also shows a similar tendency to the emission intensity. The maximum lifetime of 1.8 μm is measured to be 17.68 ms for the sample doped with Tm3+of 1.28 mol%. The emission cross section of3F4 level is calculated. The maximum reaches 3.76 × 10-21cm2 at 1909 nm. The cross relaxation(3H6,3H4→3F4,3F4) between Tm3+ions and the concentration quenching effect are mainly attributed to the change of emission with Tm3+concentration. The largest quantum efficiency between Tm3+ions is estimated to be ~147% from the measured lifetime and calculated radiative lifetime. All the results suggest that the Tm3+/LiYF4 single crystal may have potential applications in 2 μm mid-infrared lasers.


Many compressible flow and aeroacoustic computations rely on accurate nonreflecting or radiation boundary conditions. When the equations and boundary conditions are discretized using a finitedifference scheme, the dispersive nature of the discretized equations can lead to spurious numerical reflections not seen in the continuous boundary value problem. These reflections can lead to poor convergence to a stationary state, and can lead to selfforcing of flows. We have constructed numerically nonreflecting boundary conditions which account for the particular finite-difference scheme used, and are designed to minimize these spurious numerical reflections. These extend our earlier work on onedimensional boundary conditions to the multidimensional case. Stable boundary conditions which are nonreflecting to arbitrarily high-order-of-accuracy are obtained. Various test cases are presented which show excellent results.


Thermal lensing at high average laser powers is a well-known issue for cw-Laser applications, when the average power exceeds about 1 kW for fundamental mode, and about 10 kW for multimode lasers. The laser-material interaction significantly changes during laser processing, if the focus shift exceeds about one Rayleigh length, as the incident laser intensity drops by a factor of two.Today, ps- and fs-lasers with average powers exceeding 2 kW were demonstrated in the laboratories. In addition to the high average power, pulsed lasers often feature very high peak powers exceeding Gigawatt.In this work, focal shift measurements were made for different combinations of different types of substrates and coatings, from different manufacturers. This was done using the IFSW-prototype ps-laser, which provides 8 ps pulses at a repetition rate of 300 kHz up to the aver-age power of about 520 W. Fused silica substrates with good wavelength-coatings caused a shift of less than half a Rayleigh-length at the maximum power. In contrast, the worst combination of a broadband coating on a BK7 substrate caused a shift of more than seven Rayleigh-lengths.In the talk, a brief overview over the theory will be given. In addition, the latest results of time resolved focus shift measurements using a novel matrix beam splitter will be presented and discussed.


Technology is changing the landscape of the financial sector, increasing access to financial services in profound ways. These changes have been in motion for several years, affecting nearly all countries in the world. During the COVID-19 pandemic, technology has created new opportunities for digital financial services to accelerate and enhance financial inclusion, amid social distancing and containment measures. At the same time, the risks emerging prior to COVID-19, as digital financial services developed, are becoming even more relevant.


The paper sums up by questionnaire the moral attainment characteristics of the contemporary university students in the new circumstances. With a logic study, suggested measures are presented to the educational workers of university.


The purpose of this research was to develop an operational definition of historical accuracy for theatrical costume design. Contemporary Broadway costume designers were interviewed to discover their perceptions of historical accuracy and the characteristics they believe are essential to achieve it. Upon analysis, we determined that Robert Hillestad's appearance taxonomy provided a vital foundation for understanding their insights, which revealed that, for a costume to be considered historically accurate, all elements displayed in Hillestad's framework must be authentic to the period the costume represents. With Hillestad's taxonomy as the basis, analysis of the designers' words therefore resulted in the following definition: A historically accurate costume is one in which historically accurate articles made using historically accurate materials and processes are assembled on or around a historically accurate body. This definition of historical accuracy in costume design offers a foundation for designers and scholars to explore the discipline.


Two novel complexes of Isoniazid,L-Phenylalanine and Arsenic triiodide were synthesized by the solid phase reaction and characterized by elemental analysis,UV spectra,X-ray powder diffraction,IR spectra and TG-DTA.The chemical composition and structures of complexes were determined.And the antibacterial activity of complexes were investigated.


1. Gondola (1a, 1b) for a turbojet (3a, 3b), comprising a front air intake section, a middle section covering the fan of the turbojet and a rear section, fitted with at least one thrust reverser system comprising deflecting means for deflecting the at least part of the air stream generated by the turbojet engine, and at least one movable hood (4a, 5b, 5a, 5b), adapted to be moved under the action of at least one electromechanical actuator (6a, 6b 7a, 7b) of Zak rytogo position in which it provides a streamlined nacelle, and wherein the deflecting means are not active, to an open position in which it opens the channel in the nacelle, and wherein the deflecting means are active, and back from said open position to said closed position, wherein that comprises at least one block (8a, 8b) power control adapted to convert power means (20a, 20b) for supplying high voltage electrical energy in the at least one means (3 1a, 31b, 32a, 32b) for supplying power to the electromechanical actuator and at least one drive input (41a, 41b, 42a, 42b) for said power control unit and at least one control unit (9) for the block power management, excellent and separate from the latter and comprising at least one control input (91a, 91b) and at least one drive output (41a, 41b, 42a, 42b) for connection to a drive input of the power management block. ! 2. Nacelle (1a, 1b) according to claim 1, characterized in that the control unit (9) comprises at least one from


—The recent advances in cloud computing have risen a number of unforeseen security related issues in different aspects of cloud environments. Among these, the problem of guaranteeing secure access to computing resources in the cloud is gathering special attention. In this paper, we address open issues related to trust in cloud environments proposing a new trust model for cloud computing which considers a higher level view cloud resources. A simulation of trust calculation between the nodes of the clouds is performed. The simulation was possible to verify that a node is reliable when it reaches the minimum index of trust.


Objective To explore the value of color Doppler ultrasonography in the blood perfusion of renal allografts. Methods Forty-six patients with renal allografts with age ranged from 26-58 years, inc luding 16 cases of renal transplantation rejections, were examed by using color Doppler flow imaging (CDFI) and power Doppler imaging (PDI). Renal blood flow pe rfusion, pulse index (PI) and resistance index (RI) were observed. The thickness of the renal cortex and kidney's volume was measured. The complications were di agnosed by renal tissue biopsy. Results In 16 patients ( 34.78% ) with renal rejections, renal arterial RI and PI were increased as compared with normal renal allografts. In the patients with acute rejection, the long axis and the thickne ss of the renal cortex were significantly increased as compared with normal rena l allografts. In the patients with chronic rejection, the long axis, width and t he thickness of the renal cortex were decreased as compared with normal renal al lografts. Conclusion CDFI and PDI were valuable for monitoring normal renal transplantation and compl ication such as rejection.


The invention provides a machine tool and a control method for the same. The machine tool can extend the life of the tool by further suppressing occurrence of chipping of the tool. The machine tool includes a rotational drive unit that rotationally drives a main spindle to which a tool is attached, a moving unit that relatively moves the tool with respect to the workpiece, and a rotational speed adjustment unit that adjusts a rotational speed of the main spindle by controlling the rotational drive unit. The machine tool also includes a machining start determination unit that determines that machining of the workpiece by the tool is started with the rotational drive unit rotationally driving the main spindle. The rotational speed adjustment unit exponentially raises the rotational speed of the main spindle after reducing the rotational speed to a predetermined rotational speed set in advance, on condition that the machining start determination unit determines that the machining is started, and causes the rotational speed of the main spindle to reach a value of the rotational speed before being reduced.


Critical thinking is an important element which students have in the school. However, the critical thinking in the students nowadays is in the lower level.  Junior high school students need to have good critical thinking skills, so that they are able to compete in the current and future era of information and globalization. The purpose of this study was to determine the profile of the critical thinking skills of junior high school students in integrated science learning (biology). The indicators used in this study from Ennis include: giving simple explanations, building basic skills, concluding, making further explanations, strategies and tactics. The subjects of this study were 32 students of Grade 9 Junior High School. This research uses a descriptive method. The data collection technique is purposive sampling. The method used is observation and tests. Data collection instruments consist of critical thinking skills instruments. The results showed that the profile of critical thinking skills of SMP N 2 Karanganyar students on average was 67.08% in the good category.


Yimnirun, R., Ananta, S. and Laoratakul, P. Dielectric properties of ceramics in lead zirconate titanate - lead magnesium niobate system Songklanakarin J. Sci. Technol., 2004, 26(4) : 529-536 In this study, the xPb(Zr 0.52 Ti 0.48 )O 3 - (1-x)Pb(Mg 1/3 Nb 2/3 )O 3 (when x = 0, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, 0.9, and 1.0) ceramic composites are prepared from PZT and PMN powders by a conventional mixed-oxide method. The dielectric properties of the ceramics are measured as functions of both temperature (-150 - 400oC) and frequency (100 Hz - 1 MHz). The results indicate that the dielectric properties of the pure phase PZT and PMN are of normal and relaxor ferroelectric behaviors, respectively. The dielectric behaviors of the 0.9PZT - 0.1PMN and 0.7PZT - 0.3PMN ceramics are more of normal ferroelectrics, while the other compositions are obviously of relaxor ferroelectrics. In addition, the transition temperature decreases and the maximum dielectric constant increases with increasing PMN content in the system. These results clearly show the significance of PMN in controlling the dielectric behavior of the PZT-PMN system.


The authors study the bulk conductivity of a random network of diodes and insulators as a function of the concentration of diodes p near the percolation threshold. The network considered is a square lattice and the diodes are oriented along the positive x or y axes. The results of the analogue and digital simulations show that the conductivity in the easy direction varies as (p-pc)t, where pc is the critical probability for directed percolation, and t=0.73+or-0.10.


As a kind of piezo actuator, impact drive mechanism (IDM) has advantages in precision machinery and instruments. Several IDMs are used in parallel to realize some motion mechanisms which have multi degrees of freedom (DOF). Two motion mechanisms are designed subsequently, and a spherical motor is designed and assembled in principle based on one of them. Experiment results reveal that this design method is feasible, but some problems exist, for example, vibration is serious. These problems should be solved in follow-up study.


Cognitive radio networks use information about their environment and user requirements to achieve specified objectives. There are many radio and network parameters that may be adapted in response to changes in the environment, and these may interact resulting in an emergent state that is not predictable by considering the parameters separately. The cognitive radio network may therefore be considered as a complex adaptive system; further, multiple independent networks form a complex system of systems. Thus, the evaluation of mobile networks operating in congested, heterogeneous environments must consider the high-level objectives rather than those of individual radio and network components. This paper discusses the requirements for the modelling, simulation and evaluation of cognitive radio networks in heterogeneous environments.


DNA methylation is environment-sensitive and can mediate plant stress responses. In long-lived trees, changing environments might cumulatively shape the methylome landscape over their lifetime. However, because high-resolution methylome studies usually focus on single environments, it remains unclear to what extent the methylation responses are generic or stress-specific, and how this relates to their long-term stability. Here, we studied the methylome plasticity of a single poplar genotype, Populus nigra cv. 'Italica'. Adult poplar trees with diverse environmental histories were clonally propagated, and the ramets exposed to experimental cold, heat, drought, herbivory, rust infection and salicylic acid treatments. Then, we identified and compared stress-induced vs. naturally occurring DNA methylation changes using whole genome bisulfite sequencing data. Methylation changes mainly targeted transposable elements and when occurring in CG/CHG contexts, the same regions were often affected by multiple stresses, indicating a generic response. Drought triggered a unique CHH hypermethylation response in transposable elements, affecting entire superfamilies and often occurring near drought-responsive genes. Stress-induced methylation variation in CG/CHG contexts showed striking overlap with methylation differences observed between trees from distinct geographical locations. Altogether, our results indicate that generic methylome stress responses can persist as epialleles in nature while some environments trigger more transient but large and specific responses, with possible functional consequences.


Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) is bleeding from uterine corpus , abnormal in volume, regularity, or timing.
Objective: To compare the efficacy in terms of adequate endometrial sample received by pathologist of manual vacuum aspiration versus dilation & curettage in females presenting with abnormal uterine bleeding.
 Methods:  It was a Randomized Controlled Trial performed in Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Lahore General Hospital, Lahore for one year  (April 3, 2020 till april 2, 2021). 390 females were randomly divided in two groups by lottery method. In group A, females had endometrial sampling with MVA. In group B, it was by dilatation and curettage by single surgical team. Efficacy was labelled when a pathologist could identify the endometrial epithelium, gland, and stroma, and make particular diagnosis of sample.
 Results: The mean age of females in MVA group was 55.07 ± 6.10 years and  55.5 in D & C group  ± 6.07 years. The mean duration of AUB in MVA group was 17.26 ± 4.12 months and in D &C group, it was 17.44 ± 2.51 months. In MVA group, 170(87.2%) cases had efficacy and in D & C group efficacy,it was in 181(92.8%) cases, the frequency of efficacy in both groups was statistically same i.e. p-value > 0.05.
Conclusion: Although the efficacy in D & C group was high but was not statistically significantly different than MVA.So being simple and quick procedure,MVA can be used as an outdoor procedure, with less blood loss, without general anesthesia


The article focuses on contemporary perspectives in psycholinguistics that EFL teachers need to develop in order to teach effectively. A perspective explains much on how EFL teachers implement their teaching. These perspectives include: (1) Knowing how language is acquired to teach the language effectively; (2) being aware that what is known about learning in general may be different for learning EFL; (3) holding specific beliefs about learning EFL influence the teaching of EFL; and (4) teaching is assessed by EFL by looking at teachers attitudes about teaching and learning. Given the perspectives, recommendations are provided for EFL teachers.


OBJECTIVE To investigate the effective measures for controlling and preventing incision infections in hybrid operation of vascular surgery. METHODS The clinical data of patients who underwent hybrid operation from Mar.2009 to Nov.2010 were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS None of the enrolled patients(826 cases) got surgical incision infection. CONCLUSION Well-prepared pre-operation,sound operative surroundings,strictly aseptic process and close cooperation between nurse and doctor are effective measures to reduce postoperative infections.


The long-standing problem of explaining the observed polarization of Lambda hyperons, inclusively produced in the high-energy collisions of unpolarized hadrons, is tackled by considering spin- and k(perpendicular to)-dependent quark-fragmentation functions. The data on Lambda 's and )over bar>'s produced in p-N processes are used to determine simple phenomenological expressions for these new "polarizing fragmentation functions," which describe the experiments remarkably well.


As childbirth has become medicalized, a gap has opened between the needs and wishes of the individual woman giving birth and the dictates of the institution where birth occurs, the hospital. One way the medical establishment has sought to reconcile these differences is through prenatal education. Drawing on participant observation of a series of prenatal classes for poor and working-class women at a large urban hospital and interviews with the participants in the program, I argue, however, that the class neglected many of the needs that pregnant women and their partners expressed. Moreover, the class engaged a variety of strategies to socialize women to comply with hospital routines and expectations, even at the expense of their own interests. This process, through which organizational needs are defined as therapeutic needs, was first described by Erving Goffman in Asylums (1961). Using Goffman's "medical service model," I contend that hospital-based prenatal education is primarily organized and designed to meet not individual, but institutional needs. Rather than empowering women to achieve their own goals in birth, the classes teach women to be compliant with the institutionally determined regimen for labor and delivery. Thus, prenatal education illustrates the growing gap between individual needs and institutional needs in the realm of health care in the U.S., as well as the growing burden placed on individuals to be responsible for their own health regardless of the powerful social configurations that constrain individual choices and experiences.


Following a review of some highlights of eta-meson characteristics, the status of eta-meson production experiments is reviewed. The physics motivations and first results of two LAMPF experiments on (..pi.., eta) reactions are discussed. Possible future experiments are also discussed.


Riveted structures are not applied nowadays in bridge engineering. Yet many riveted truss bridges are in service. People have already paid attention to the load carrying safety of these bridges. In this paper the concept "robust" is looked at, and fracture mechanics is applied to assess the load carrying safety of riveted truss bridges. The structural components to be strengthened are indicated.


Mathematical deficiencies in students at entry to higher education programmes in the Federal Republic of Germany are discussed against the background of the secondary education system. Programmes aimed at remedying these deficiencies are considered.


Fast-track courts (FTCs) have been around for a long time, with the first ones being established in the year 2000. At the end of March, 2019 there were 581 FTCs operational in the country, with approximately 5.9 lakh pending cases. Uttar Pradesh has the most number of cases. However, 56% of the States and Union Territories, including Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh and Gujarat, had no FTCs. In terms of money, Rs. 870 crore was released by the Centre between 2000-2001 and 2010-2011 towards these FTCs.


A device (12) distance estimation for use in a collision avoidance system (11) in air unaplataforma (1), said avoidance system (11) a unit (17) for determining leg switching and a filter (15) monitoring comprising white to follow a target (3) to retrieve a direction quecomprende the azimuth and elevation to the target (3) based on the output of at least one passive sensor (13) camera or infrared camera and calculating an estimate away and estimates deincertidumbre distances to the target (3) based on said data path and position of the unit (17) dedeterminacion path, wherein said device (12) for estimating comprendeuna distance unit (14 ) control arranged to indicate to a system (16) control said work platform (1) to execute a maneuver own aircraft of said work platform (1), so that lascaracteristicas measurements passive sensors from said at least one passive sensor (13) IR camera or allow the distance estimates and estimates of uncertainty dedistancia to the target (3) is determined; characterized in that said unit (14) control is further arranged to indicate to the system (16) control running unamaniobra of own aircraft of said work platform (1) if the estimated distance incertidumbrese located above a level predetermined acceptance distance estimates deincertidumbre and azimuthal angular change speeds and elevation of the target (3) pordebajo a limit angular velocity are established taking into account estimated time to elblanco (3) minimum distance.


Aiming at the problem that SAR image segmentation is seriously interfered by the speckle, this paper studies the methods of SAR image segmentation based on different gradients under nonlocal mean (NLM) filter. We focus on four gradient operators, contained ratio of average(ROA), ratio of an exponentially weighted averages (ROEWA), Unsampled Wavelet Transform (UWT) and instantaneous coefficient of variation (ICOV). Firstly, the NLM filter is used to suppress the speckle and protect the structure in the SAR image. After that, the gradient of SAR image is calculated based on the above different gradient operators. Finally, the watershed technique is used to segment the image based on the gradient of SAR image. Experimental results show that the segmentation based on ICOV and UWT obtain more accurate boundary location and fewer segmentation regions than the methods based on ROA and ROEWA.


For a perfectly competitive firm with a constant returns to scale techenology, a greater price uncertainty has been shown to increase investment even in the presence of irrecersible investment. We show, however, that the option value generated by a one-time fixed cost can cause increasibg uncertainty to reduce investment from a positive value to zero.


The problem of development of universal learning activities of students is an urgent in terms of the federal state educational standards. The author considers features of thinking the psychological basis of successful development of universal learning activities, emphasizes the importance of critical thinking and describes methods of development critical thinking, imagination and flexibility of thinking.


Moir\'e excitons are emergent optical excitations in 2D semiconductors with deep moir\'e superlattice potentials. While these excitations have been realized in several platforms, a system with dynamically tunable moir\'e potential to tailor the moir\'e exciton properties is yet to be realized. Here, we present a continuously tunable moir\'e potential in a monolayer WSe2 that is enabled by its proximity to twisted bilayer graphene (TBG) near the magic-angle. Due to its flat electronic bands, charge distribution is highly localized and forms a triangular lattice in TBG. Tuning the local charge density via electrostatic gating, TBG thus provides a spatially varying and dynamically tunable dielectric superlattice for modulating monolayer exciton wavefunctions. By performing optical reflection spectroscopy, we observe emergent moir\'e exciton Rydberg branches in monolayer WSe2 with increased energy splitting upon doping TBG. The twist-angle dependence reveals that the observation is due to a hybridization between bright and dark Rydberg states enabled by the moir\'e potential. Further, at the magic-angle near 1.1{\deg}, the moir\'e Rydberg excitons form a sawtooth pattern with doping owing to the formation of strongly correlated states in the TBG. Our study provides a new platform for engineering moir\'e excitons as well as optical accessibility to the electronic states with small correlation gaps in TBG.


In modern scientific literature an idea dominates that with all natural for various political trends of Russia of the 19th century approaches to the national-state policy, all of them were close in stating the inevitability of the Great Russian hegemony in the Slavic world and messianism of the Russian nation. M.P. Dragomanov was one of the first to offer the given approach. He thought that Russian socialist movement, was ill with chauvinism, as well as Russian society as a whole. M.P. Dragomanov's works caused a wave of indignation among Russian socialists and gave rise to a fierce dispute. To understand its essence it is necessary to allocate two aspects. The first concerns the actual positions and variants of solving the ethnic question. Socialists of 1840-1850s considered national-liberation struggle of the Slavic people as a force, capable to shake the state foundations of Europe of that time. On the wave of emancipating revolutions they expected to solve the problem and social updating by radicalisation of national movements and introducing socio-political purposes. Therefore, on the whole, the attitude of Russian socialists to the liberation movement was positive. However in 1870-80s the situation changed considerably. At preservation the positive attitude to the idea of the federal structure of post-revolutionary Russia, socialists of the radical wing in the system of ideological priorities reduce the ethnic question to a minor level, solved during a social revolution. As for Russian socialists' chauvinism, M.P. Dragomanov obviously transferred aspiration of populists to centralization of revolutionary organizations for solving the ethnic question as a whole. Here we have approached to considering the second, organizational aspect in the discussion of populists and M.P. Dragomanov. In revolutionary movement of 1880s the idea of primacy of social problems resulted in the notion of solidarity of purposes of workers of all nationalities. The consequent requirement of organizational universality of revolutionary movement, negative perception of the idea of creation of national organizations or groups by the national principle followed. M.P. Dragomanov saw the federal structure of revolutionary movement as a most active part of the society as a guarantee and a prototype of the future federal relations in the Russian state. Therefore, it was important that within the socialist movement federalism was realized not only ideologically, but also organizationally through creation of national parties or independent national organizations within a single party. M.P. Dragomanov's and Russian socialists' views on the prospects of solving the ethnic problem in Russia differed not only and not so much at the program-declarative level, but at the level of the concrete mechanism of their realization. But these distinctions excluded the possibility of allied relations and further on kept away the Russian socialist (in Marxist and neo-populist variants) and the Ukrainian national movements.


17 In many regions of the vertebrate brain, microcircuits generate local recurrent activity that aids 18 in the processing and encoding of incoming afferent inputs. Local recurrent activity can 19 amplify, filter, and temporally and spatially parse out incoming input. Determining how these 20 microcircuits function is of great interest because it provides glimpses into fundamental 21 processes underlying brain computation. Within the Xenopus tadpole optic tectum, deep layer 22 neurons display robust recurrent activity. Although the development and plasticity of this local 23 recurrent activity has been well described, the underlying microcircuitry is not well understood. 24 Here, using a whole brain preparation that allows for whole cell recording from neurons of the 25 superficial tectal layers, we identified a physiologically distinct population of excitatory neurons 26 that are gap junctionally coupled, and through this coupling gate local recurrent network 27 activity. Our findings provide a novel role for neuronal coupling amongst excitatory 28 interneurons in the temporal processing of visual stimuli.


A surgery resident's early operations always carry more risk than those performed by more senior surgeons, a risk residents can work to offset by thorough attention to pre- and postoperative care and spending more time with patients. Virtual Mentor is a monthly bioethics journal published by the American Medical Association.


A hybrid photonic crystal cavity structure is designed for 2D polariton study by integrating a high-index-contrast grating into a vertical microcavity. The new structure allows unique photon and polariton dispersions compared with conventional DBR-DBR cavity.


An inverted Fitts task is defined as one in which the subject moves a probe of large width to a target that may be smaller in width than the probe. This is the inverse of the normal task in which a pointed stylus is moved between targets of variable width. Four experiments are reported; in the first with pointed targets, it was found that Fitts' law applied in its normal form with information processing rates typical of those found in the usual method. The second experiment, using finite widths for both probes and targets, showed that Fitts' law applied when an 'effectiveapos; target tolerance, which was the sum of the fixed target width and about 0-6 of the probe width, was used in calculation of the Index of Difficulty. Two further experiments illustrated the use of effective target tolerance when the finger and the foot were used as a probe.


—Prosthesis control through electromyographic signals has been used in many works, but it is still hard to achieve dexterity of a human hand. Current systems rely on the extraction of various features from the EMG signal to further classify user's intention. In an attempt to contribute to the field, this paper investigates the performance of Multilayer Perceptron and Learning Vector Quantization to classify various classes of movement. Electromyography data were collected from four pairs of electrodes positioned around the forearm of six subjects. Seven classes of movement were classified based on features extracted in the time domain. The results showed that both methods can achieve accuracy above 92%, with a slight advantage for the Multilayer Perceptron Learning Vector Quantization: 92.69%; Multilayer Perceptron: 94.56%.


The rapid follow-up of gamma-ray burst (GRB) afterglows mad e possible by the multiwavelength satelliteSwift, launched in November 2004, has put under a microscope the GR B early post-burst behavior, This is leading to a significant reappr isal and expansion of the standard view of the GRB early afterglow behavior, and its connection to th e prompt gamma-ray emission. In addition to opening up the previously poorly known behavior on minutes to hours timescales, two other new pieces in the GRB puzzle being filled in are the the di scovery and follow-up of short GRB afterglows, and the opening up of the z> ∼ redshift range. We review some of the current theoretical interpretations of these new phenomena. CHALLENGES POSED BY NEW SWIFT OBSERVATIONS Compared to previous satellites, Swift has made a large diff rence on two main accounts. First, the sensitivity of the Burst Alert Detector (BAT, in t he range 20-150 keV) is a factor ∼ 5 higher than for the corresponding instruments in the prede c ssor CGROBATSE, BeppoSAX and HETE-2. Second, Swift can slew in less th en 100 seconds in the direction determined by the BAT instrument, positionin g ts much higher angular resolution X-ray (XRT) and UV-Optical (UVOT) detectors on t he burst [1] As of December 2005, at an average rate of 2 bursts detected pe r week, over 100 bursts had been detected by BAT, of which 90% were followed promptly with the XRT within 350 s from the trigger, and about half within 100 s [2], while ∼ 30% were detected with the UVOT [3]. Of these, over 23 resulted in redshift determin ations. Ten short GRB were detected, of which five had detected X-ray afterglows, three ad optical, and one had a radio afterglow, and five had a redshift determination. The new observations brings the total redshift determinati o s to over 50 since 1997 when BeppoSAX enabled the first one. The redshifts based on Sw ift have a medianz > ∼2, which is a factor∼ 2 higher than the median of those previously culled via BeppoS AX and HETE-2, [5]. This can be ascribed to the higher sensitivi ty of BAT and the prompt accurate positions from XRT and UVOT, making possible groun d-based detection at a stage when the afterglow is much brighter. The highest Swift -enabled redshift so far is in GRB 050904, obtained with Subaru, z = 6.29 [6], the second highest being GRB 050814 atz = 5.3, whereas the previous Beppo-SAX era record was z = 4.5. The relative paucity of UVOT detections versus XRT detections may be ascr ibed in part to this higher median redshift, and in part to the higher dust extinction at the implied shorter rest-frame wavelenghts for a given observed frequency [3], although ad ditional effects may be at work too. The BAT light curves show that in some of the bursts which fall in the Theories of Early Afterglow February 5, 2008 1 "long" category ( tγ > ∼2 s) faint soft gamma-ray tails can be followed which extend the duration by a factor up to two beyond what BATSE could have detected [1]. A rich trove of information on the burst and after glow physics has come from detailed XRT light curves, starting on average 100 seconds after the trigger, together with the corresponding BAT light curv es and spectra. This suggests a canonical X-ray afterglow [18] with one or more of the following: 1) an initial steep decayFX ∝ t1 with a temporal index3< ∼α1 < ∼5, and an energy spectrumFν ∝ ν1 with energy spectral index1< ∼β1 < ∼2 (or photon number index2< ∼Γ = α + 1< ∼3), extending up to a time300s< ∼t1 < ∼500s; 2) a flatter decayFX ∝ t2 with 0.2< ∼α2 < ∼0.8 and energy index0.7< ∼β2 < ∼1.2, at times 10s< ∼t2 < ∼10 s; 3) a "normal" decayFX ∝ t3 with 1.1< ∼α3 < ∼1.7 and 0.7< ∼β2 < ∼1.2 (generally unchanged the previous stage), up to a time t3 ∼ 10s, or in some cases longer; 4) In some cases, a steeper decay FX ∝ t4 with 2< ∼α4 < ∼3, after t4 ∼ 10 s; 5) In about half the afterglows, one or more X-ray flares are ob served, sometimes starting as early as 100 s after trigger, and sometimes as lat e as10s. The energy in these flares ranges from a percent up to a value comparable to t h prompt emission (in GRB 050502b). The rise and decay times of these flares is unusu ally teep, depending on the reference timet0, behaving as(t− t0)fl with 3< ∼αfl < ∼6, and energy indices which can be also steeper than during the smooth decay portio ns. The flux level after the flare usually decays to the value extrapolated from the va lue before the flare rise. FIGURE 1. Schematic features seen by the XRT in bursts detected by Swif t [16] (see text). Another major advance achieved by Swift was the detection of the long burst GRB 050904, which broke through the astrophysically and psycho logically important redshift barrier ofz ∼ 6. This burst was very bright, both in its prompt γ-ray emission ( Eγ,iso ∼ 10 erg) and in its X-ray afterglow. Prompt ground-based optica l/IR upper limits and a J-band detection suggested a photometric redshift z > 6 [4]. Spectroscopic confirmation with the 8.2 m Subaru telescope gave a z = 6.29 [6]. There are several striking features to this burst. One is the enormous X-ray brightness, exceedi ng for a full day the X-ray brightness of the most distant X-ray quasar know to-date, SD S J0130+0524, by up to Theories of Early Afterglow February 5, 2008 2 a factor10 in the first minutes [7]. The implications as a tool for probin g the IGM are thought-provoking. Another feature is the extremely varia ble X-ray light curve, showing many large amplitude flares extending up to at least a day. A th ird exciting feature is the report of a brief, very bright IR flash [8], comparable in brig htness to the famous mV ∼ 9 optical flash in GRB 990123. The third major advance from Swift was the discovery and loca lization of short GRB afterglows. As of December 2005 nine short bursts had been lo calized by Swift, while in the same period HETE-2 discovered two, and one was identified with the IPN network. In five of the Swift short bursts an X-ray afterglow was measur ed and followed up, with GRB 050709, 050724 and 051221a showing an optical afterglow , and 050724 also a radio afterglow, while 040924 had an optical afterglow but n ot an X-ray one [46]. These are the first afterglows detected for short bursts. Also, for the first time, host galaxies were identified for these short bursts, which in four cases ar e rly type (ellipticals) and in two cases are irregular galaxies. The redshifts of fou r of them are in the range z ∼ 0.15− 0.5, while another one was initially given as z = 0.8 but more recently has been reported as z ≃ 1.8 [49]. The medianz is < ∼1/3− 1/2 that of the long bursts. There is no evidence for significant star formation in any of t hese host environments, which corresponds to what one would expect for neutron star m ergers or neutron starblack hole mergers, the most often discussed progenitor can did tes (it would also be compatible with other progenitors involving old compact st ar ). The first short burst seen by Swift, GRB 05059b, was a low lumin osity (Eiso ∼ 2 × 10 erg) burst with a simple power-law X-ray afterglow which cou ld only be followed for ∼ 10 s [36]. The third one, GRB 050724, was brighter, Eiso ∼ 3× 10 erg, and could be followed in X-rays for at least 10 s [37]. The remarkable thing about this burst's X-ray afterglow is that it resembles the typica l X-ray light curves described above for long GRB – except for the lack of a slow-decay phase, nd for the short prompt emission which places it the the category of short bursts, as well as the elliptical host galaxy candidate. It also has X-ray flares, at 100 s and anothe r ne at3×10 s. The first flare has the same fluence as the prompt emission, while the lat e flare has∼ 10% of that. The interpretation of these pose interesting challenges, a s discussed below. MODELS OF EARLY AFTERGLOWS IN LIGHT OF SWIFT The afterglow is expected to become important after a time tag = Max[(3/4)(rdec/2cΓ )(1+ z) , T ] = Max[102(E52/n0) Γ −8/3 2 (1+ z)|s , T ] , (1) where the deceleration time is tdec ∼ (3/4)(rdec/2cΓ) and T is the duration of the prompt outflow,tag marking the beginning of the self-similar blast wave regime . Denoting the frequency and time dependence of the afterglow spectral energy flux as Fν(t) ∝ ν t, the late X-ray afterglow phases (3) and (4) described above are similar to those known previously from Beppo-SAX. (For a review of th is earlier behavior and its modeling see e.g. [9]). The "normal" decay phase (3), wit h temporal decay indices α ∼ 1.1− 1.5 and spectral energy indices β ∼ 0.7− 1.0, is what is expected from the Theories of Early Afterglow February 5, 2008 3 evolution of the forward shock in the Blandford-McKee selfsimilar late time regime, under the assumption of synchrotron emission. The late steep decay decay phase (4) of §, occasionally seen i n Swift bursts, is naturally explained as a jet break, when the decrease of the e jecta Lorentz factor leads to the light-cone angle becoming larger than the jet angular ex tent,Γj(t)> ∼1/θj (e.g. [9]). It is noteworthy, however, that this final steepening has bee n seen in less than ∼ 10% of the Swift afterglows, and then with reasonable confidence mainly in X-rays. The corresponding optical light curve breaks have been few, and not well constrained. This is unlike the case with the ∼ 20 Beppo-SAX bursts, for which an achromatic break was reported in the optical [10], while in some of the rare cases w here an X-ray or radio break was reported it occurred at a different time [11]. The relati ve paucity of optical breaks in Swift afterglows may be an observational selection effec t due to the larger median redshift, and hence fainter and redder optical afterglow at the same observer epoch, as well as perhaps reluctance to commit large telescope time on more frequently reported bursts (an average, roughly, of 2/month with Beppo-SAX vers us 2/week with Swift).


The main purpose of this research work was to examine the influence of information technology on the Nigerian banking industries. Two research hypotheses were postulated as a guide to this study and a ten (10) items questionnaire was designed, validated and used to get the required information. Simple frequency tabulation and percentages was used to test and answer the research hypothesis. It was found out that introduction of information technology increases service delivery, improve innovation and provide new products /packages, it also help management and managers to influence their corporate planning processes, anticipate problems and take corrective measures. Based on these findings, it was recommended that managers and indeed management should tap from the knowledge available on information technology to improve on their services provision and introduction of new packages to supersede the existing ones. Also, government should improve on infrastructural provision to help enhance the proper take off of information technology development and that orientation awareness programmes should be created by managers, management, government of all level and non governmental organizations to eradicate computer illiteracy.


Objectives: The purpose of this study was to provide a basic data of nutrition services in home health care by analyzing hospital-based home-visit nutrition education needs of patients at discharge. Methods: Data was collected from September 11 to October 12, 2012 by administering questionnaires to 289 chronic disease patients to be discharged from a university hospital in Pusan. The home-visit nutrition education instruments used for collecting data were developed by the researcher.


Transparent and conductive doped GaN thin films have been prepared on glass substrates by the metalorganic chemical vapor deposition method utilizing electron cyclotron resonance plasma. Highly transparent oxygen‐, silicon‐, and titanium‐doped GaN thin films with resistivities of 1.8×10−2, 3.8×10−2, and 8.7×10−3 Ω cm, respectively, were prepared at 350 °C using triethylgallium and ammonia (NH3) as source gases. Carrier concentrations above 2×1020 cm−3 were obtained for all three types of GaN thin films doped with each impurity. These GaN thin films exhibited excellent thermal and chemical stability in various gas environments up to 350 °C and chemical stability in either acid or basic solutions depending on the dopant used.


The object of the present invention is to provide: a method for manufacturing an electrophotographic photoreceptor in which voids are not formed even under repeated use in an environment of high heat and high humidity; an electrophotographic photoreceptor; an electrophotographic cartridge; and an image formation device. The present invention pertains to an electrophotographic photoreceptor having a photosensitive layer on an electroconductive support body, wherein the electrophotographic photoreceptor is characterized in that the photosensitive layer contains the compound represented by general formula (1), and palladium, the palladium content in the photosensitive layer being 0.01-50 ppm.


An object of the present invention is to provide a plasma CVD apparatus and method capable of forming an excellent film thickness uniformity on a large substrate of high quality thin films. A plasma CVD apparatus arranged for the inductive coupling electrode having a folding a shape in a straight line or the center in the reaction vessel, and the feed section form the respective ground and the power supply portion of the high frequency power to both end portions of the inductive coupling type electrode, and a ground portion or between the feeding portion and a grounding portion, and the folded half-wave between the parts or configuration for supplying a high frequency power to wake up the standing wave in the natural number of times, and all to change the electrode diameter of the inductive coupling type electrode, or tert and in characterized in that the at least a portion of the electrode diameter to the ground below the 10㎜ or coating the electrode with dielectric. Inductively coupled electrodes


ABSTRACT Investigations were focused on light effects on allocation of root-borne macronutrients (calcium, magnesium and potassium) and micronutrients (iron, manganese, zinc and copper) in roots, shoots and harvested grains of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Plants were exposed to low (100 μmol photons m−2 s−1) or high light (380 μmol photons m−2 s−1). High light stimulated both root and shoot growth. While the total contents per plant of some nutrients were markedly higher (calcium and potassium) or lower (copper) under high light, no major differences were observed for other nutrients. The distribution of nutrients and the further redistribution within the shoot were influenced by the light intensity in an element-specific manner. Nutrients were selectively directed to the leaves of the main shoot (low light) or to the tillers (high light). The quality of the harvested grains was also affected by the light intensity.


New analytic estimates of the rate at which parametric subharmonic instability (PSI) transfers energy to high-vertical-wavenumber near-inertial oscillations are presented. These results are obtained by a heuristic argument which provides insight into the physical mechanism of PSI, and also by a systematic application of the method of multiple time scales to the Boussinesq equations linearized about a 'pump wave' whose frequency is close to twice the inertial frequency. The multiple-scale approach yields an amplitude equation describing how the 2f0-pump energizes a vertical continuum of near-inertial oscillations. The amplitude equation is solved using two models for the 2f0-pump: (i) an infinite plane internal wave in a medium with uniform buoyancy frequency; (ii) a vertical mode one internal tidal wavetrain in a realistically stratified and bounded ocean. In case (i) analytic expressions for the growth rate of PSI are obtained and validated by a successful comparison with numerical solutions of the full Boussinesq equations. In case (ii), numerical solutions of the amplitude equation indicate that the near-inertial disturbances generated by PSI are concentrated below the base of the mixed layer where the velocity of the pump wave train is largest. Based on these examples we conclude that the e-folding time of PSI in oceanic conditions is of the order of ten days or less.


Four kinds of methal carbonyl complexes with 1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene (dppfe) are synthesized and their molecular structures are determined by single-crystal X-ray analyses. Crystal data for (η5-CH3C5H4)Mn(CO)2dppfe (1), (η5-CH3C5H4)Mn(CO)dppfe (2), [ClMn(CO)4]2(μ-dppfe) (3), and CH3CCo3(CO)7dppfe (4) are as follows: 1, Pbca, a = 20.551(3), b = 28.951(5), c = 11.786(1) A, V = 7012(2) A3, Z = 8; 2, P21/n, a = 18.682(5), b = 20.495(4), c = 9.750(2) A, β = 91.24(2)°, V = 3732(1) A3, Z = 4; 3, A2/a(C2/c), a = 18.978(5), b = 15.293(4), c = 16.513(5) A, β = 112.62(2)°, V = 4423.9(2) A3, Z = 4; 4, , a = 13.031(2), b = 15.338(2), c = 11.583(2) A, α = 99.13(2)°, β = 98.35(2)°, γ = 99.64(2)°, V = 2218.1(7) A3, Z = 2; Mo Kα radiation; R = 0.075, 0.084, 0.074, and 0.056 for 2639, 4219, 2575, and 6098 reflections, respectively. Dppfe functions as a monodentate ligand in 1 with the rotational angle 128.0° for two cyclopentadienyl rings, as a bidentate chelating ligand in 2 with the rotational angles 3.1°, a...


Heat transfer rate from a copper plate into air across the cloth dyed with a dye absorbing infrared rays was measured with and without irradiation from the infrared lamp. The copper plate was maintained at temperature of human body by hot water flown backside of the plate. Over-all heat transfer resistance of dyed cloth was larger than that of non-dyed cloth, that is, the dyeing cloth promoted the heat retaining of clothes. The heat transfer resistance also increased by the irradiation from the infrared lamp. The heat transfer coefficient of air boundary film adjoined dyed cloth divided into the convectional heat transfer coefficient and the radial heat transfer coefficient by use of the convectional heat transfer coefficient obtained for a non-dyed cloth. The radial heat transfer coefficient of dyed cloth decreased to about 1/3 of that of non-dyed cloth, which might be dominant because of the promoting heat retaining of clothes. The radial heat transfer coefficient decreased by the irradiation from the infrared lamp, and the value became negative for the dyed cloth, which indicated that the absorption heat of radiation overcame the emission one. Absorption of heat irradiated from the infrared lamp, which is indicated by the difference in the radial heat transfer coefficient between without and with the irradiation of infrared lamp, increased by dyeing the cloth. This was supported by the large increase in surface temperature of dyed cloth with the irradiation from infrared lamp.


Objective To study the value of exposure recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) in the prevention of neural injury in thyroid surgery.Methods The data of 597 cases with exposure RLN and nonexposure RLN in thyroidectomy from January 1998 to November 2008 were analyzed retrospectively.Results There were 597 cases of thyroidectomy operated.In RLN exposure group (299 cases),there were 391 exposed RLNs,1 nonrecurrent laryngeal nerve(NRLN),3 injuried RLNs. The injury rate of RLN was 0.77%. In RLN non-exposure group (298 cases) ,there were 19 injuried RLNs,3 permanent palsy recurrent laryngeal nerves,the injury rate of RLN was 6.4%.The difference between the two groups were statistically significant(P0.05).Conclusion The injury of nerve can be reduced with exposal RLN during the thyroid surgery.


Due to changes in lifestyle and work patterns, education, and values associated with wellbeing, non-human animals are now incorporated into a range of human experiences and environments (Franklin, 1999). This research specifically focuses on human-equine relations, examining blurred boundaries between therapeutic and recreational interspecies encounters. Birke and Brandt (2009) and Daspher (2015) acknowledge that human-equine relations are often gendered, and this research focuses mainly on women's narratives. Viewed through the post-humanist lens, horses now form kinship and companionship roles, particularly for women, where relations have become mutually emotionally dependent as result of interspecies communication and embodied encounters. Research utilises feminist post-humanist (Barad, 2007; Braidotti, 2013; Haraway, 2003) and cultural politics of emotion (Hochschild, 1983; Ahmed, 2004) frameworks as situated in Latimer and Burke's (2009) work on the co-agency of animals. Embedded in Danby's (2017) concept of equiscapes, or post-humanist leisure spaces, research methods employ qualitative approaches, including in-depth interviews, participant diaries, and multi-species ethnography. Findings reveal how women make considerable investments in equine activities, which develops mutual welfare and wellbeing. Yet, despite these benefits, emotional and other expenditures are justified in work discourses to legitimise them as valuable to themselves, their families, and their communities.


Four years have passed since the publication of Christopher Alexander's Notes on the Synthesis of Form. And already the book has gone through two printings and been translated into Italian and Japanese. In its most basic form, it presents a method for aiding the designer in systematically structuring physical design problems. Interestingly enough, it has been criticized both by what might be called the "traditional right" and the "new left" of architectural education. The former accuses the method of being partial in that it addresses itself primarily to the functional side of the problem and neglects the esthetic and culturally symbolic aspects of architectural solutions—an aspect to which the traditional right gives primary emphasis. From the other side, the "new left" attacks the method as systematically unreliable since it does not contain the rigor of scientific method. In fact, it is said that Alexander's method cannot deal objectively with the "true" complexity of design problems. Subjective judgme...


The small oscillations of an arbitrary scleronomous system subject to time-independent non dissipative forces are discussed. The linearized equations of motion are solved by quadratures. As in the conservative case, the general integral is shown to consist of a superposition of harmonic oscillations. A complexification of the resolving algorithm is presented.


The aim of this study was to evaluate the desertification risk of rangelands in three village communities of Lagadas county, northern Greece, with the use of the Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Geoinformation data were used in order to combine several layers of information involved in desertification for the formation of a GIS model. The latter is a modified approach of the methodology used for mapping Environmentally Sensitive Areas (ESAs). It is found that the majority of the study area is in a critical stage in terms of desertification. The majority of rangelands are under intensive grazing activities. Overgrazing however, contributes to the desertification risk in combination with physical parameters such as soil, vegetation and climate.


ABSTRACT Background : DM is a chronic disease that has long-term complications. Alloxan is a fast way to produce experimental diabetic (hyperglycemic) in animal experiments related to elevated LDL. Jeruju ( Acanthus ilicifolius ) is a low-growth herbaceous plant that easily grows containing secondary metabolites such as Alkaloids, Saponins, Flavonoids, Terpenoids, and Phenols. Objective : To determine the effect of jeruju leaf extract on the decrease in blood levels of LDL of male Wistar rat ( Rattus norvegicus ) induced Alloxan. Methods : This research is an experimental laboratory type with Post Test Only Control Group Design. The sample using 24 rats, which were divided into 3 groups: negative control group (K-) were given standard feed; positive control group (K +) induced alloxan 120 mg/kgBW on 1 st day; the treatment group (P) induced alloxan 120 mg/kgBW on 1 st day and was given jeruju leaf extract 67.2 mg/kgBW on 5 th -14 th day. The 15 th day a blood sample was taken to determine LDL levels. Result : The results of One-Way ANOVA test showed an insignificant mean difference (p = 0.270) in LDL level of K- ( = 9.75 mg/dl) and the K+ ( = 11.38 mg/dl ). Insignificant mean difference (p = 0.270) in P ( = 9 mg/dl) with blood LDL levels in the K+ ( = 11.38 mg/dl) and the K- ( = 9, 75 mg/dl). Conclusion :    Giving alloxan can increase blood levels of LDL and administration of jeruju leaf extract can reduce blood levels of LDL in experimental animals but not statistically significant. Keywords : Alloxan, LDL, Acanthus ilicifolius .


Objective:To investigate the clinical value of laparoscopic ventriculoperitoneal shunt in treatment of hydrocephalus,and summary the reasons and measures of preventing the complications.Methods:The clinical data of 60 cases of hydrocephalus treated by laparoscopic ventriculoperitoneal shunt were retrospectively reviewed.Results: No patients died during operation and clinical symptoms of 40 cases significantly improved compared with the preoperative.There were 14 cases(23.3%)got postoperative complications.There were 6 cases with the obstruction of the catheter,4 cases with infection,4 cases with subdural hygroma.Conclusions:Strictly surgical indications,careful perioperative preparation,the appropriate shunt tube,strict aseptic technique,especially completely laparoscopic abdominal surgery,can effectively reduce the incidence of complications.


The goal of this work is to estimate the mass of CO2 that may have been removed to a quasi-stable reservoir on the Martian surface by chemisorption and to estimate the spectral effects of chemisorbed CO2 in remotely-sensed Martian spectra. Our approach is to characterize the conditions most favorable for the formation of carbonate on common terrestrial oxide minerals and to search for infrared spectral bands that result from chemisorption of CO2 molecules onto oxide and other Mars analog materials.


Objective: To study the influence of different target controlled propofol delivery systems on plasma concentration of cortisol and prolactin during induction of anesthesia.Methods: Thirty ASA Ⅰ~Ⅱ patients(17 male,13 female) aged between 20~60 yr scheduled for surgery under general anesthesia were included in this study.Body weight ranged 45~80 kg.According to the ways of propofol given by different intravenous delivery system during induction of anesthesia,the patients were randomly divided into three groups of 10 each:(G_1) the Chinese pharmacokinetic model and parameters group and(G_2) the pharmacokinetic model and parameters by Tackley group as well as(G_3) BET group of which the TCI system was set up by manual infusion using Graseby 3 500 infusion pump and 3 μg/ml target plasma concentration of propofol was obtained by three steps(10/8/6).As soon as the level of sedation was assessed by no response to prodding(OAA/S≤2) intubation was facilitated with fentanyl 2 μg/kg and vecuronium 0.1 mg/kg intravenously.All patients were unpremedication.Radial artery was cannulated for blood sampling.MAP and HR were continuously monitored during induction of anesthesia.Blood samples were taken before induction of anesthesia(T_0 baseline),after no response to prodding(T_1),immediately intubation(T_2),3 minutes after intubation(T_3),5 minutes after intubation(T_4),and 10 minutes after intubation(T_5) to measure plasma concentration of cortisol and prolactin.Meanwhile MAP and HR values were recorded at time of blood sampling.Results: During induction of anesthesia,the changes of HR and MAP over time have no significant difference among three groups(P0.05).The changes of cortisol and prolactin over time have significant difference among three groups(P0.01).At the endpoint of T_1,the concentration of prolactin was slightly increased,however the concentration of prolactin was decreased in three groups.The level of cortisol and prolactin were elevated at the time of intubation in three groups,which was less pronounced in the G_1 but markedly in the G_3.Conclusions: The three target controlled propofol delivery systems have been shown to blunt the hemodynamic and stress response to laryngoscopy.The G_3 group was superior to the other two groups in controlling stress response.The plasma concentration of cortisol and prolactin would be better to predict the depth of sedation.


Rhodium Nanoparticle Shape Dependence in the Reduction of NO by CO James Russell Renzas 1 , Yawen Zhang 2 , Wenyu Huang 1 , Gabor A Somorjai 1* University of California and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 2 Peking University To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com. Rhodium Nanoparticle Shape Dependence in the Reduction of NO by CO


Abstract. Hypothesized direct and interaction relationships among the dependent variable willingness to pay more taxes for support of live artistic communications media and the independent variables of past attendance, education, income, leisure time, and liberalism‐conservatism are tested. Past enjoyment probably makes people more favorable to tax support. Social policy implications of the results are discussed.


Plantains and bananas, belong to the Musa genus, are grown in areas of Latin America where 60% of exports come from. They constitute the basis of the diet of the population, with around 70 kilograms per year in Latin America, and are the fourth most economically important product in the world. The Musas are susceptible to several diseases, the second most aggressive is the Ralstonia solanacearum race, which causes the Moko disease, which has come to destroy 100% of the plantations where it occurs. The nutritional quality of plantains and bananas, as well as an economic factor, since they generate employment and numerous incomes from their export and production in developing countries, is what generates their importance. In Ecuador, which is classified as the main exporter of bananas in the world with 6.5 million tonnes per year, and Guatemala as the banana exporter with 290,000 tonnes, this disease occurs constantly, reducing the production and marketing of this fruit, despite the measures taken for its control, the same situation that is lived in the different Latin American countries that are also exporters. The Latin countries that receive the most royalties for the export of these products are Ecuador, Guatemala, Costa Rica, and Colombia.


Surface mounted chip inductors are widely used electrical components due to their compact size and relative high performance. The losses decrease the performance and so delimit the function of the application, therefore they should be considered during the early development phase of the inductor. The quality factor parameter represents the losses of the inductors, whose prediction is very difficult due to several complex effects which have impact on the impedance characteristic. The frequent inductor models are mainly SPICE models, which are only capable of reproduce the impedance characteristic of the inductor based on prior measurements. The purpose of the paper is to present an evaluation of the currently available methods for calculating the inductor behavior in frequency domain specifically for quality factor parameter using analytic formulas, and real measurements on market available RF chip inductors for the comparison. By the presented method the quality factor can be calculated without prior sample measurements, in case of the geometry and material parameters of the inductor are known.


Douchi is a fermented soybean food, which is popular in China. Composition and angiotensin I-converting enzyme-inhibitory activity of Douchi fermented with Mucor wutungkiao were studied in this work. The results showed that the nutritional potency of protein, fat, and soluble polysaccharide was improved in Douchi fermentation. The angiotensin I-converting enzyme-inhibitory activity of Douchi that ripening for 2 weeks showed the highest angiotensin I-converting enzyme-inhibitory activity. Then this sample was purified with Sephadex G-25 gel chromatography, and the amino acids and angiotensin I-converting enzyme-inhibitory activity of the purified fractions were studied. The results suggested that hydrophobic amino acids were assumed to cause the main increase of the angiotensin I-converting enzyme-inhibitory activity in Douchi.


Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are widely considered the gold standard for inference on the comparative effects of 2 or more treatment strategies. Randomization is the most powerful technique available in causal inference, and the controlled setting of carefully designed experiments is a necessity in evaluating most treatments. Still, as currently designed, conducted, and analyzed, clinical trials are not without limitations and might be susceptible to some of the biases present in observational studies (1, 2). Strict inclusion and exclusion criteria, as well as trials often being conducted in parallel with regular clinical care, have led to concerns that the enrolled sample might not adequately represent the population to which the tested intervention will be applied and that data collected during the trial, although generally of high quality, may not represent the real world. Another approach to obtaining evidence relies on real-world data, a term generally used to describe information collected as part of clinical care and everyday life. These data include electronic health records, registries, claims, and information collected through personal devices and apps. Although real-world appeal, ubiquity, increasing ease of access, and potential for lower cost make these data attractive for research, important limitations remain. Because the data collection process is not driven by research needs and does not follow what is routinely done in research studies, it may suffer from several shortcomings, including low interoperability between systems, excessive missingness, informed presence bias (3), and poor outcome ascertainment. Furthermore, studies conducted with real-world data are plagued by the use of inadequate and simplistic methods applied with the hope that the size of the data will compensate for the quality of the analysis. Experts and regulators have called for tools and methods used in traditional trials to be adapted to real-world settings (4). Here, we describe 3 promising approaches: embedding RCTs within the universe of routinely collected health data, translating the results of an RCT to a population of interest, and applying modern comparative effectiveness methods to design experiments that mimic RCTs. Embedding randomization within real-world data helps enlarge the trial-eligible population to make it more representative of the actual clinical setting (5). It is equally applicable to large, multisite trials and small, health system experiments. Given the relatively low cost of embedding randomization, it should be the default approach for testing new methods of care delivery. Embedding is illustrated by pragmatic studies, such as ADAPTABLE (Aspirin Dosing: A Patient-centric Trial Assessing the Benefits and Long-term Effectiveness) (6). This trial, which will enroll 15000 participants, embedded randomization into electronic health record data from the National Patient-Centered Clinical Research Network (PCORnet) to determine the riskbenefit profile of 2 low doses of aspirin. Although most RCTs rely on simple, participant-level randomization, trials embedded in health systems and registries may benefit from cluster randomization at the site or provider level. This not only increases the feasibility and efficiency of the process but also builds in the appropriate hierarchy in which outcomes might be affected by site- or provider-related variability. Still, careful planning and execution are required to minimize the risks of imbalance and bias and to ensure appropriate handling of vulnerable populations. If embedding is not feasible, another option may be to translate the results of an RCT to a population of interest. This may be done by fitting a model to the original trial data and then applying it to a sample from the target population. If sufficient heterogeneity exists within the original RCT and can be captured by using appropriate variables collected as part of the trial and also available in the target population sample, one may obtain more accurate results for the population of interest. This approach may be particularly relevant as we move toward value-based care, in which health systems will be interested in evaluating new treatment strategies based on the effect in their particular setting. Translating trial results to specific populations may be viewed as a step toward better precision of the results. True personalization may occur with the use of predictive models built to optimize trial results to individuals on the basis of benefit and risk considerations (7). The resulting treatment strategies must be validated in further studies, including RCTs. Recent advances in comparative effectiveness research methods may help us design experiments that mimic RCTs. If appropriate data are available, such techniques as matching of fixed or time-varying variables in a longitudinal data setting, g-estimation, or parametric g-formula may be used to mimic the randomized setting reasonably well, provided that standard assumptions are met (8). Recent application of risk set matching over time allowed investigators to conclude that digoxin increases mortality risk in patients with atrial fibrillation. The study leveraged the existing data from a trial that randomly assigned patients with atrial fibrillation to receive apixaban or warfarin, with digoxin used concomitantly by some participants in each group (9). New propensity scorebased techniques were proposed recently that put the weight where the equipoise is and achieve optimal balance on the measured covariates, and that better mimic what randomization does (10). These methodologies also may be used before a full clinical trial is designed for a new indication to inform the expected outcomes and to test the effectiveness of a treatment being used off-label. The differences in evidence from data collected as part of traditional clinical trials versus real-world data gathered as part of routine care create the false impression of dichotomy. Given the opportunities afforded by appropriate statistical methodology, moving away from RCTs as the sole view of clinical evidence is as important as expecting sufficient rigor and reproducibility from analyses performed on real-world data. Such trends as open science, the push to open more clinical trial data to wider uses, and such efforts as PCORnet, which standardizes data collected through electronic health records across more than 100 health institutions, will accelerate this movement. Clinical research will benefit greatly from an acceptance that data are complementary, which will result in a much larger universe of health questions to be asked and answered.


Herbal concoctions. Vitamins. Fish oils. Puzzles. Video games. Deep breathing exercises, coupled with meditation. Mozart sonatas. Hypnosis. Creating an imaginary friend with whom to have profound philosophic debates.

It seems that alternative means of enhancing cognitive skills are all the rage


We report on the preparation of a pure ultracold sample of bosonic DyK Feshbach molecules, which are composed of the fermionic isotopes 161Dy and 40K. Employing a magnetic sweep across a resonance located near 7.3 G, we produce up to 5000 molecules at a temperature of about 50 nK. For purification from the remaining atoms, we apply a Stern-Gerlach technique based on magnetic levitation of the molecules in a very weak optical dipole trap. With the trapped molecules we finally reach a high phase-space density of about 0.1. We measure the magnetic field dependence of the molecular binding energy and the magnetic moment, refining our knowledge of the resonance parameters. We also demonstrate a peculiar anisotropic expansion effect observed when the molecules are released from the trap and expand freely in the magnetic levitation field. Moreover, we identify an important lifetime limitation that is imposed by the 1064-nm infrared trap light itself and not by inelastic collisions. The light-induced decay rate is found to be proportional to the trap light intensity and the closed-channel fraction of the Feshbach molecule. These observations suggest a one-photon coupling to electronically excited states to limit the lifetime and point to the prospect of loss suppression by optimizing the wavelength of the trapping light. Our results represent important insights and experimental steps on the way to achieve quantum-degenerate samples of DyK molecules and novel superfluids based on mass-imbalanced fermion mixtures.


Abstract : To help reduce the costs and logistical requirements for establishing forward operating bases (FOBs), the U.S. Army investigates construction methods that use indigenous materials in place of commercial materials manufactured far away. An established construction system called the HESCO bastion, currently used in theater for force protection, derives its mass and load resistance from indigenous soils placed in manufactured steel and geotextile containment modules. Using this system for other FOB structures, such as soldier housing, could greatly reduce costs and logistical burdens for Class 4 construction materials. Before developing such applications, however, the load-resisting characteristics of HESCO units must be tested for incorporation into new engineering guidance. In this study a HESCO unit was filled with dry, coarse sand and subjected to combination of normal and lateral loads at four separate intensities. The interaction of normal and lateral loads was investigated, as well as the cyclic loading hysteresis. A lateral load capacity for HESCO bastions was determined based on the applied normal load. The results validated the suit-ability of HESCO units as load-bearing structural members for temporary soldier housing in FOBs located in remote areas of operation.


This dissertation examined the correlation of academic performance of adolescents and the Big Five personality traits, as well as gender and age differences one and two years later. An archival sample of 542 6 graders, 446 9 graders and 341 12 graders from the . southeastern United States were used. All five of the Big Five personality traits were found to significantly correlate with GPA at all three grade levels except for Extraversion with 12 graders. Correlations between personality and GPA were not statistically different for 6, 9, and 12 grade males and females. Agreeableness was a consistent predictor across all grades with R 2 of (.03,p < .001), (.07,p < .001), and (.08,p < .001) for grades 6, 9, and 12. Overall, regression results revealed the Big Five traits accounted for 12%, 9%, and 8% of the variance in GPA at each grade level. Longitudinal data revealed that personality at Time 1 predicted GP A at Time 2 and Time 3 with multiple R's of (.35, R 2 = .17), (.30, R 2 =.09) and (.29, R = .08) for i\ 8, and 10 grades respectively. These findings further demonstrate the criterion-related validity of the Big Five in an academic setting that traditionally has focused on cognitive ability to predict academic success. Implications and future research are also discussed.


With the continuous research on amino acid nutrition,it was found that biological activities of certain amino acids and their metabolites in animal body had regulation functions on nutrient metabolism,neuroendocrine modulation,gene expression,signal transduction,immunity,etc.These amino acids include arginine,glutamine,leucine,tryptophan,threonine,etc.The metabolic pathways and functions of nutritional regulation of these amino acids were reviewed in this paper.


The fulfillment of ESG responsibility by enterprises is crucial to achieving China's "double carbon goal" and the sustainable development of the whole society. However, ESG development is facing financing constraints and information asymmetry, while the rapid development of fintech supports ESG development to improve quality and efficiency. Therefore, it is crucial to study the impact of fintech on corporate ESG development. Can financial technology (FinTech) "empower" traditional financial institutions with technology to improve corporate ESG performance? Based on this, this paper examines the relationship between regional FinTech development and corporate ESG performance and its underlying mechanisms from internal and external perspectives, using data from Chinese A-share listed companies from 2011 to 2020. The following were found: 1) The level of regional FinTech development significantly contributes to firms' ESG performance, and the results remain robust after mitigating endogeneity using Bartik instrumental variables and difference-in-differences model estimation. 2) Mechanistic analysis finds that FinTech not only alleviates the internal financing constraints of firms, but also enhances the external government subsidies and tax rebates of firms. These significantly contribute to the improvement of firms' ESG performance. 3) Heterogeneity analysis shows that the contribution of FinTech to improving corporate ESG performance is more pronounced in the eastern region, mature firms and firms with CEOs with unbanked financial backgrounds. Therefore, in the context of sustainable development, we should continue to promote the development of FinTech, use modern technology to "empower" finance, and help enterprises balance economic and social benefits to build a sustainable country.


A novel parallel sorting is presented.This algorithm is based bitonic merge-sort scheme.The benefit of using GPU's parallel architecture and a binary tree improve the approach.Instead of a completely sequential execution of all stages,the approach is executed them partially overlapped.For sorting n keys utilizing p stream processor units,this approach achieves the optimal time complexity O((nlogn) /p).The approach performs very well in practice,which is caused by several optimizations.Furthermore,the approach consumes less time than other approaches based on GPU.


The aim of the study was to analyze the perceptions of men and women regarding changes in gender relations that occurred in contexts of political, economic, and institutional transformations in Chile between 1973 and 2010 as well as the facilitating conditions for challenging gender inequalities provided by their family, social, work, cultural, and institutional environments. The study adopted a qualitative methodology of a descriptive type and employed a biographical approach. The purposive sample was comprised by 25 professional men and women grouped into 2 generations depending on their time of entry to the labor market (1973-1989 and 1990-2010), with whom life stories were generated. The narrators from both generations identified major changes in gender relations in several social areas, highlighting the positive consequences of this, especially for women. They also pointed out certain family, labor, educational, and social conditions that favored transformations of gender relations. In the accounts of men and women, it was possible to identify social interaction mechanisms that reproduce inequalities, which shows the complexity of gender-related transformations.