Yeast mRNA 5′‐triphosphatase, Cet1p, recognizes phosphorylated‐RNA polymerase II as a component of the capping machinery via Ceg1p for co‐transcriptional formation of mRNA cap structure that recruits cap‐binding complex (CBC) and protects mRNA from exonucleases. Intriguingly, we find here that the absence of Cet1p significantly enhances the association of RNA polymerase II toward the 5′‐end of the ADH1 coding sequence in Sacharomyces cerevisae. Cet1p is recruited to the 5′‐end of the ADH1 coding sequence, and its absence impairs mRNA capping, and hence, recruitment of CBC. However, such an impaired recruitment of CBC does not enhance the association of RNA polymerase II toward the 5′‐end of the ADH1 coding sequence. Thus, Cet1p specifically represses the accumulation of RNA polymerase II toward the 5′end of the ADH1 coding sequence independently of mRNA cap‐structure or CBC at ADH1 in vivo. Similar results are also found at several other genes. Collectively, our results demonstrate for the first time a significant enrichment of RNA polymerase II toward the 5′‐end of the coding sequence in the absence of Cet1p, thus implicating a new role of mRNA 5′‐triphosphatase in repressing promoter proximal pausing of RNA polymerase II in vivo. Funding: National Institutes of Health


Carboxylic acid could be produced by anaerobic digestion of waste biomass and used as feedstocks for various chemical processes. The recovery of carboxylic acid and the optimization of organic acid producing are the challenges of this bioconversion. In this study, MCM-41 type amine functionalize mesoporous silica (MPS) was used as an adsorbent to separate carboxylic acids. The experimental data fitted with a modified Langmuir model. At an amine density of 3.14 mol N kg -1 , the highest acid adsorption capacity experienced was 3.38 mol kg -1 . The reaction was exothermic and favored at low temperature. More than 90% of maximum adsorption would be achieved at pH < 4. By increasing pH above 10.5 using alkali chemicals, the desorption/regeneration completed within 1 minute. The interferences such as ethanol, glucose and protein did not affect organic acid adsorption significantly. However, anions at the high concentration might compete acetic acid to adsorb at the same site of adsorbent. MPS has a high selectivity for carboxylic acid. The pseudo-second-order rate constant for acetic acid adsorption on MPS was 0.41 kg mol -1 min -1 which is higher than that of anion exchange resin and activated carbon. The maximum organic acid yield from serum-bottle test using corn stover as a sole substrate was 0.25±0.02 g/gVS and decreased when the substrate concentration increased. Acid inhibition might play an important role in this phenomenon. With dilution rate of 0.5 d -1 in leaching bed reactor study, the highest organic acid yield and productivity were 0.14 g/gVS and 0.70 g/L/d, respectively. On the other hand, the maximum organic acid yield from semi-batch reactor in this study was 0.056 g/gVS at substrate concentration of 70 gVS/L and hydraulic retention time of 5 days. The maximum organic acid productivity obtained from this study is 1.319 g/L/d at substrate


Abstract : This research deals with the problem of extracting features from an image using wavelets and then using these features to recognize objects present in the image. This technique is applied to recognition of Unexploded Ordnance (UXO) objects. However, the concepts described here can be extended to recognition of other objects such as ships, missiles and aircraft. This work is performed as part of an ongoing effort to develop an autonomous vehicle capable of detecting UXOs.


Under different reaction conditions, hydrogenation of CO 2 over a YBa 2Cu 3O 6~7 superconductor catalyst was studied, and 1.72% yield of methanol was obtained at the optimum reaction conditions of 513 K,3600 h -1 and 3.0 MPa. The main products were methanol, CO and trace of CH 3OCH 3. XPS, XRD and AFM techniques were used to characterize the structure, the copper oxidation states and the active sites. It was found that at in situ reaction condition, the structure of YBa 2Cu 3O 6~7 transformed from orthorhombic to tetragonal phase. The active sites on the surface are possibly the Cu(I) species. The particle dispersity at the reaction state increased compared with that of the pure YBa 2Cu 3O 6~7 untreated with CO 2 and H 2.


Objective: The childbearing age women with hysterectomy have physical, psychological, social, and cultural needs, based on things felt after underwent hysterectomy. Aim of this study is to determine holistic needs of childbearing age women with hysterectomy. Method : This study use grounded theory qualitative study method. The participants in this study were 6 childbearing age women post hysterectomy, 6 husbands, family members, and 3 healthcare workers. This study was conducted in West Sumatra Province with Minang culture that embrace matrilineal platform. Result: The results of this study there are 7 points that develop concept of holistic needs on childbearing age women with hysterectomy. Those 7 points are including the need to solve sexual and pain problem, the need of being concerned by the closest relatives, the need to be more active and got support from the surrounding environment, the need to improve the relationship with God and self-acceptance, and the need of trust from the surrounding environment and community values to accept her. Conclusion: That the needs of childbearing age women were not only physical and psychological needs but also social, spiritual, and cultural needs. From this study, the healthcare workers need to understand holistic needs on childbearing age women with hysterectomy. Keywords: holistic needs, women of childbearing age, hysterectomy, grounded theory


Abstract Placenta accrete spectrum (PAS) disorders are significant life-threatening nosology due to increased maternal morbidity and mortality in this condition. All surgical interventions in PAS can be accompanied by a high percentage of massive obstetric bleeding and a high frequency of urological complications, such as injuries of the ureter and bladder. To evaluate the effectiveness of the bladder filling technique during cesarean section and metroplasty in case of PAS we analyzed 41 women, that were delivered in Regional Perinatal Center (Rostov-on-Don, Russia) in the period from 2015 to 2018. Group I included 22 pregnant women who underwent a cesarean section followed by metroplasty using the method of intraoperative filling of the bladder with physiological saline. Group II (n = 19) underwent cesarean section with metroplasty without filling the bladder. In group I, one woman had a bladder injury, in group II −6 women, which is statistically significantly more often (p < .05). The total blood loss in group I (M ± σ) was 2177.8 ± 114.9 ml and was statistically significantly less (p < .05) compared with blood loss in group II −2545.7 ± 158.8 ml. Duration of surgery in group I (M ± σ) was 2-hour 45 ± 7.1 min; in group II −3-hour 31 ± 4.1 min. Thus, using the method of filling the bladder with physiological saline and mobilizing the bladder during cesarean section surgery with metroplasty in patients with PAS can reduce the frequency of bladder injury, the volume of intraoperative blood loss and duration of surgery.


In 1993, members of the National AIDS Commission were shocked by the number of physicians still refusing to care for AIDS patients. Bill Pickney, a physician in Arkansas, says that the situation has changed today, and health care providers are more sensitive about health care than they used to be. However, there seems to be a lack of training on how to provide adequate treatment to AIDS patients, and current treatment regimens are very complex and change rapidly. The Area Health Education Centers (AHEC), started in North Carolina in 1972, address training concerns of rural physicians, and are now actively working to update skills for providing HIV treatments. AHEC provides medical libraries, computer assistance, and continuing education programs in order to further develop a doctor's skills. Telemedicine is being studied by AHEC as a possible solution to diagnostic and treatment concerns, although the issue of telemedicine remains controversial.


From the U.V. spectra study of series of metal biguanides, attempt has been made to find out any interaction between the filled ligand orbital with the vacant metal orbital which may give rise to delocalisation of electron system over the whole complex molecule. This type of interaction may develop aromatic character in metal biguanide ring. The benzenoid character of the metal acetylacetonate can be cited as parallel to that of the metal biguanide. The U.V. study of metal biguanides concludes that there is a definite indication of the suggested overlap of the ligand and metal orbitals with consequent shifting of absorption bands with different substitutions.

UV-spektroskopische Untersuchung von Metall-Biguanidin-Komplexen

Aus der UV-spektroskopischen Untersuchung einer Reihe von Metall-Biguanidinen wurde versucht, eine Wechselwirkung zwischen dem vollem Liganden-Orbital und dem leeren Metall-Orbital zu finden, das zum Ansteigen der Delokalisierung des Elektronensystems der ganzen Molekel fuhren konnte. Diese Art der Wechselwirkung konnte einen aromatischen Charakter im Metall-Biguanidin-Ring hervorrufen. Der benzoide Charakter der Metall-Acetylacetonate stellt eine Parallele zu dem der Metall-Biguanidine dar. Die Untersuchung der Metall-Biguanidine im UV zeigt, das es klare Hinweise fur die Uberlappung der Liganden- und Metall-Orbitale gibt, die mit einer Verschiebung der Absorptionsbanden verbunden ist.


Natural remedies from medicinal plants are considered to be effective and safe alternative treatment for diabetes mellitus. The aim of present study was to demonstrate the hypoglycemic and anti-diabetic activity of the Ethanolic extract of tinospora cardifolia whole plant in alloxan induced diabetic animals with a view to explore its use for the treatment of diabetes mellitus in humans. The Ethanolic extract of tinospora cardifolia whole plant was investigated for its anti-hyperglycemic and anti-hyperlipidemic effects in male albino rats. Diabetes was induced in the albino rats by administration of a single dose of alloxan monohydrate (150 mg/kg, bwt, i.p) and the Ethanolic extract of tinospora cardifolia whole plant was administered daily at single doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg, p. o to diabetes induced rats for a period of 14 days. The effect of Ethanolic extract of tinospora cardifolia whole plant on blood glucose level was measured in the diabetic rats. Serum lipid profiles [total cholesterol, triglycerides, phospholipids (low density, very low density and high density lipoprotein)] were also determined. The activities were also compared to the activity produced by a standard anti diabetic agent, Glibenclamide (500 μg/kg). The present investigation established pharmacological evidence to support the folklore claim that Ethanolic extract of tinospora cardifolia whole plant is an anti-diabetic agent.


In a series of papers, cited in the main body of the paper below, detailed calculations have been presented which show that electromagnetic and weak interactions can induce low energy nuclear reactions to occur with observable rates for a variety of processes. A common element in all these applications is that the electromagnetic energy stored in many relatively slow-moving electrons can, under appropriate circumstances, be collectively transferred into fewer, much faster electrons with energies sufficient for the latter to combine with protons (or deuterons, if present) to produce neutrons through weak interactions. The produced neutrons can then initiate low energy nuclear reactions through further nuclear transmutations. The aim of this paper is to extend and enlarge on various examples analyzed previously, present simplified order-of-magnitude estimates for each and illuminate a common unifying theme among them.


We show how learning objects can be designed to promote a constructivist learning environment whilst maintaining flexibility for reuse and repurposing. These learning objects, which support an introductory Java programming module, are employed across two UK HE institutions that both use the same virtual learning environment (WebCT) to link to these objects, together with a graphic software library creating a rich and varied learning environment. Collaboration was ongoing during the parallel process of development and delivery. The first semester is evaluated, and suggestions are made for future work.


A military problem-solving methodology the overview of decision support systems the multi-agent decision support systems the testbed - Chinese chess the case studies decision support for a battlefield management system learning in dynamic environments.


ABSTRACT Volunteer tourism is considered an alternative form of tourism [Wearing, S. (2001). Volunteer tourism: Experiences that make a difference. Cambridge: Cabi Press], which focuses on the possibilities of a more sustainable development. Drawing on research in Ulaanbaatar, the capital city of Mongolia and a fast-growing volunteer tourism destination, this paper challenges some premises of the conventional belief that volunteer tourism is a form of sustainable tourism. Using qualitative interviews with different volunteer tourism stakeholders, this paper examines volunteer tourism practices through the sustainability trinity framework (economy, culture and environment) and also extends the discussion to ethics of care by proposing the sustainability triangular pyramid. In doing so, this paper suggests the input of care can potentially strengthen the three pillars in the sustainability trinity, which might in turn help to build a more resilient future for the individuals and host communities in volunteer tourism as a whole.


In this paper, long-term sediment yield data, collected in a small (1.38 ha) Calabrian catchment (W2), reafforested with eucalyptus trees (Eucalyptus occidentalis Engl.) are used to validate the performance of the SEdiment Delivery Distributed Model (SEDD) in areas with high erosion rates. At first step, the SEDD model was calibrated using field data collected in previous field campaigns undertaken during the period 1978-1994. This first phase allowed the model calibration parameter β to be calculated using direct measurements of rainfall, runoff, and sediment output. The model was then validated in its calibrated form for an independent period (2006-2016) for which new measurements of rainfall, runoff and sediment output are also available. The analysis, carried out at event and annual scale showed good agreement between measured and predicted values of sediment yield and suggested that the SEDD model can be seen as an appropriate means of evaluating erosion risk associated with manmade plantations in marginal areas. Further work is however required to test the performance of the SEDD model as a prediction tool in different geomorphic contexts.


Along with the consistent increase in the COVID-19 vaccination rate, the Indonesian government continues to strive to control the pandemic with various policy programmes. On the other hand, the vaccination programme has also been expanded to 6-11 years school children to foster the implementation of school reopening despite many debates and controversies circulated in the country. Identifying parental health beliefs toward vaccination, this study aims to examine factors influencing parental intention to vaccinate their children. An online survey was conducted to attain responses from 400 study participants from 9 selected provinces. The data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistical techniques on the SPSS version 26. This study revealed that vaccination acceptance is high among parents in Indonesia. Parents' intention to vaccinate their children was significantly influenced by health beliefs. The multiple regression analysis suggested perceived susceptibility (β = .146, p = .012), perceived benefits (β = .249, p = .000) and cues to action (β = .220, p = .000) as significant predictors which positively influenced the vaccination intention, while the perceived barrier (β = -.316, p = .000) was identified as a negative predictor of the dependent variable in the model. There was a significant mean difference in parental intention within gender, age group, and household income. The findings of this study emphasised the need to provide a more strategic health messaging and health education programme to address the issues surrounding the barriers to implementing vaccination for children in Indonesia. Keywords: COVID-19, vaccine acceptance, health belief model, school children, Indonesia.


Abstract This article investigated how mathematic anxiety (MA) of Korean middle school students could be reduced by comparing analytically their cognitive neuroscience and questionnaire results. We developed a three-hour Complex Treatment Program (CTP) on quadratic functions for the study. In the summer of 2016, we collected data of the pre and post MA questionnaires by Mathematics Anxiety Scale for Students (MASS), the percent of correct answers (PCA) and reaction time (RT) by E-prime program, and also brain-imaging data of the event related potentials (ERP) by Electroencephalograph (EEG) using computer-based functional F-G model. The result indicated the CTP to be effective with the group with higher math anxiety and the group with higher achievement respectively. The MASS result was verified with the better performance of PCA on type G, which was measured by E-prime program. Some interesting patterns were revealed on brain-imaging data by EEG, indicating more brain activities with the MA groups.


Trust is foundational to establishing and maintaining relationships. Construction project management research has long touted the importance of trust for project organisation and performance. Yet t...


Background Adenylate kinase 7 (AK7) mediates the reaction 2ADP ↔ ATP + AMP, providing energy for the beating of cilia. A study recently showed that AK7 expression may be correlated with the primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) phenotype in mice. In this study, we characterized AK7 expression in vitro in an air–liquid interface (ALI) model and in middle nasal turbinate biopsy specimens from a cohort of patients with PCD to elucidate whether AK7 expression is correlated with ciliary malfunction. Methods AK7 expression was measured by real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting. In vitro differentiated nasal human epithelial cell siRNA experiments were performed to investigate the effect of AK7 expression on ciliary beat frequency (CBF). Ciliary motility and ultrastructure were evaluated in a cohort of 29 patients with PCD (PCD, n = 17; Kartagener's syndrome, n = 12) and 26 healthy control donors. Results AK7 expression was mainly located on the apical surface of differentiated nasal ALI cells, and targeted suppression of the AK7 gene decreased CBF by 41%. AK7 expression was diminished significantly in patients with PCD (0.54 ± 0.1-fold; p < 0.05) compared with healthy controls (1.1 ± 0.08-fold). Furthermore, AK7 expression was correlated with CBF in patients with PCD (r = 0.5; p = 0.009). Conclusion AK7 expression was correlated with CBF in vitro and in nasal biopsy specimens from patients with PCD, which may have contributed to the ciliary malfunction observed in our patients with PCD.


In order to achieve open-loop constant current(OCC)driver for LED,a series-resonant converter is used.The working condition of a series-resonant converter is equivalently analyzed under OCC condition,and selection basis of resonant parameter and switching frequency are determined.The effect of LED number and transformer turns ratio to constant current is also determined,which provide scientific basis for the selection of LED number and transformer turns ratio.The series-resonant converter is designed by the analysis.The simulation and experimental results confirm the correctness of the proposed design method.


Off-chip DRAM memory accesses limit the energy efficiency and training time of state-of-the-art deep neural networks (DNN). Compute-in-memory (CIM) accelerators leveraging pseudo-crossbar arrays and on-chip weight storage have emerged as alternatives to GPUs for fast and efficient training. However, this comes at the cost of reduced training accuracy due to weight cell non-idealities such as: low bit precision, nonlinearity, asymmetry, low Gmax/Gmin ratio, and slow programming speed. Here, we engineer the ferroelectric domain structure in a carefully designed superlattice (SL) ferroelectric(FE)/dielectric(DE) stack, to experimentally demonstrate high precision FEFET analog weight cells with excellent linearity and symmetry during potentiation and depression. We demonstrate switching speed as low as 100 ns in the SL-based ferroelectric capacitor (FECAP), with no degradation in either retention or endurance. We integrate the SL FE/DE/FE with a back-end-of-line (BEOL) compatible Indium Tungsten Oxide transistors, to demonstrate 128 stable conductance states with improved linearity and symmetry. System-level analysis of SL-FEFET based CIM accelerators show an excellent 94.1% online learning accuracy without degrading any other performance parameter, with potential for monolithic 3D integration.


In view of the recognition difficult of the petroleum in in E31、E32、N22 reservoirs in the Qigequan Field, Chaidamu Basin, based on a great quantity of production information, according to the different lithology ,confirmed the recognition criteria of oil layer in different reservoirs by using the convergence between ILd and AC . The results as follows: 1) In N22 reservoir, the value of AC in conglomerate is greater than or equal to 249μs/m, the value of ILD is greater than or equal to 7.9Ωm,the value of AC in sand is greater than or equal to 255μs/m, the value of ILD is greater than or equal to 5.0Ωm; 2) in E32~E31 reservoir, the value of AC in the grit and conglomerate is greater than or equal to 239μs/m, the value of ILD is greater than or equal to 4.5Ωm,the value of AC in siltstone-packsand is greater than or equal to 250μs/m, the value of ILD is greater than or equal to 4.0Ωm; 3)in E31 reservoir, the value of AC in basal conglomerate is greater than or equal to 237μs/m, the value of ILD is greater than or equal to 5.5Ωm. According to this recognition criteria, more than 2000 oil layers were confirmed, and the coincidence rate was more than 85%. The recognition criteria and conclusion had important significance for the production of Qigequan Field.


May I first say, Mr Chairman, that I regard it as a great honour to have been invited to take part in this Conference? I speak to you as a philosopher who happens to be interested both in religion and in psychical research (like the Neoplatonists long ago). But I am afraid I am going to discuss some questions which it is 'not done' to talk about.


The concept of the prevention of fatty livers and cirrhosis by lipotropic factors and protein led to the notion that the latter might also be capable of affording protection against similar liver damage frequently seen in alcoholic man. The relevant literature, which had been published before the first investigations in this area were undertaken in Professor Best's department in 1949, is briefly cited. Developments in this field then utilized three approaches: experiments in which alcohol when administered in the drinking water supplied 27% of calories (Best), experiments with a completely fluid diet which supplied 36% of calories as alcohol (Lieber), and experiments in which an ethanol–sucrose mixture (Porta) in place of drinking water supplied 40–60% of calories as alcohol, with the remainder provided by semisynthetic diets. Most of the results obtained from these investigations did not support the concept of a direct hepatotoxic action of alcohol. Finally, evidence is presented that alcohol did not pre...


Abstract : Contents: A programming language--Manipulation of data structures and some proposed extensions; System description languages; Microprogram transformations; Graph description language; Program schemata and microprogram transformation.


The capabilities of the Lubricant System Interaction Simulator (LSIS) are demonstrated by presenting the results from a 1,000-h thermal oxidative degradation test of an MIL-PRF-23699F lubricant. These results are compared with data from two in-service gas turbine engines using the same oil but under different conditions so that a range of operating regimes can be represented. The results showed that the viscosity changed, in accordance with the two engines, from 26.5 to 28.3 mm2/s. The change in total acid number was higher than expected, identifying areas for improvement. The antioxidant level reached 30%, which is between the 25 and 45% levels observed from the two engines. The antiwear and metal deactivator additives reached steady-state concentration levels of 95 and 20%, respectively. The results obtained from this test verified the significant potential of this facility as a reliable means of testing lubricants in an environment that is closely related to gas turbine lubrication system operating conditions.


To some extent,scouring and silting evolution of tidal flat may reflect the relationship and interaction between dynamic effect and geomorphologic characteristics.On the basis of Shanghai coastal zone investigation project,a continuous observation was made at the intertidal zone of three sections on Nanhui Spit from June 2006 to June 2007,in order to research the properties of short-term scouring and silting changes as well as its influencing factors.The results show that(1) recently,the tidal flat of Nanhui Spit mostly has a scouring posture,and seasonal difference of flat variation in the year is relatively obvious;affected by its location,the respective section shows different developing properties,for example,scouring and silting changes of section one are the most obvious of all,the amount of which is both above 10cm;(2) acted by waves and tidal current,the surface sediment of this zone is easy to be stirred,and the existence of sediment circulation system is favorable for the suspended sediment to settle in shallow water area,which becomes the sediment source of tidal flat;(3)influenced by the storm surge caused by typhoon "Bilis",drastic scouring as well as silting happened in this zone.All of these have proved that the scouring and silting changes of tidal flat were affected by several kinds of dynamic conditions.


Genetics and human anthropology were often deeply racist disciplines before World War II; hierarchies of intelligence and ability among races were drawn up, and it was thought that the unfit should be weeded out of the population. These ideas were not the sole property of Nazi Germany, but were endorsed widely in the USA and Europe. The Holocaust and other massacres in the name of racial purity buried such notions for decades, but the author shows here how they are returning in the work of often well-meaning scientists. Exploiting as they do anxieties about race, social breakdown and nationalism, these ideas are increasingly less marginal. This book analyzes such ideas and their defenders in a powerful expose of resurgent racialism in science.


The literature on the role of law in countries with so‐called hybrid regimes that are stuck somewhere between democracy and authoritarianism tends to dwell on the politicization of law and the courts. This has the effect of discounting the importance of the vast majority of cases that are decided in accord with the law. Taking Russia as a case study, this essay reviews a cross‐section of the literature on its courts in order to document this tendency and explore why alternative narratives of law have failed to gain traction: Burbank's Russian Peasants Go to Court (2004); Feifer's Justice in Moscow (1964); Kaminskaya's Final Judgment (1982); Ledeneva's Can Russia Modernise? (2013); McDonald's Face to the Village (2011); Politkovskaya's Putin's Russia (2004); Popova's Politicized Justice in Emerging Democracies (2012); and Romanova's Butyrka (2010).


Structure images showing the end-on views of extended 60° - and screw dislocations in silicon crystals are observed with a high voltage electron microscope using the axial illuminating technique. The mean width of 60° dislocations is measured to be 68.7±3.3 Å from which the energy of the intrinsic stacking fault is estimated to be 48.7±2.4 mJm-2.


A qualitative discussion of the holographic process is given. The consequence of recording only the intensity at a given surface and using an oblique reference wave is shown to be an incomplete reconstruction resulting in images of low contrast.


Unstable subsynchronous control interaction (SSCI) between wind farms (WFs) and series-compensated grid has posed a big threat to the safety of equipment and the stability of system. Many studies have been conducted on its analysis and control. However, very little research has been done on the protection. To fill the gap, this paper proposes a system-wide protection against unstable SSCI in wind power systems with fixed series compensations. The protection is composed of a centralized protection coordinator (CPC) and several distributed protection relays (DPRs). Local DPRs measure the subsynchronous impedances of WFs in real time. These impedances are next collected by the CPC to calculate the sensitivities of tripping for each WF. The sensitivities are then used to determine the candidate WFs and the number of WTGs to trip at those WFs, so as to stabilize the SSCI. The effectiveness of the proposed protection is verified with detailed electromagnetic simulations on a wind power system that had experienced actual SSCI incidents.


Copaiba oil can be extracted from the trunk of some Copaifera species and contains mainly resinous acids and volatile substances, which have wide medicinal use. The chromatographic standardization of the oil characteristics is the guarantee of the identity of raw material. In this work, three copaiba oil samples from Colombo/PR, and twelve from Amazonas State were analyzed. The copaiba oil was fractionated in silica gel impregnated with KOH, esterified and the fractions were evaluated by TLC and GC. In a second stage, the crude oil was esterified with diazomethane or transesterified with KOH/MeOH and injected in GC. The diterpene acids used for comparison were hardwickiic, copaiferolic and caurenoic and the 14-hydroxy-b-caryophyllene (caryophyllenol). The presence of copaiferolic acid was observed in all analyzed samples and caryophyllenol in 80% of the samples. Hardwickiic and caurenoic acids were absent in the samples from Parana State, and respectively detected in 8.3% and 41.7%, of the samples from Amazonas. The obtained results indicate that the oil can be directly analyzed through GC after methylation with diazomethane, without previous fractionation. Also, an acidity index method proposed for copaiba oil analysis did not show to be reliable for the analyzed samples.


Abstract : This report offers a description of the three-component seismic station that was installed in Apatity on the Kola Peninsula of Russia in June of 1991. Data from this station are useful for studying mining explosions in the nearby Khibiny Massif. Colleagues at the Kola Regional Seismological Center in Apatity have provided us with detailed information on 200 mining explosions undertaken during June 1991-September 1992 and we have compiled a data base comprising data from 61 of these explosions. The data are used to estimate the noise level at Apatity station and also for estimation of P-wave arrival azimuths, using a broad band slowness analysis technique. Values for the true azimuths are available from the information presented in this report and the azimuth residuals are found to have a median value of -7.06 degrees. A small- aperture array was installed close to Apatity in the fall of 1992 and some perspectives for the future use of data from Apatity are discussed.


This work focuses on a brief discussion of new concepts of using smartphone sensors for 3D painting in virtual or augmented reality. Motivation of this research comes from the idea of using different types of sensors which exist in our smartphones such as accelerometer, gyroscope, magnetometer etc. to track the position for painting in virtual reality, like Google Tilt Brush, but cost effectively. Research studies till date on estimating position and localization and tracking have been thoroughly reviewed to find the appropriate algorithm which will provide accurate result with minimum drift error. Sensor fusion, Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU), MEMS inertial sensor, Kalman filter based global translational localization systems are studied. It is observed, prevailing approaches consist issues such as stability, random bias drift, noisy acceleration output, position estimation error, robustness or accuracy, cost effectiveness etc. Moreover, issues with motions that do not follow laws of physics, bandwidth, restrictive nature of assumptions, scale optimization for large space are noticed as well. Advantages of such smartphone sensor based position estimation approaches include, less memory demand, very fast operation, making them well suited for real time problems and embedded systems. Being independent of the size of the system, they can work effectively for high dimensional systems as well. Through study of these approaches it is observed, extended Kalman filter gives the highest accuracy with reduced requirement of excess hardware during tracking. It renders better and faster result when used in accelerometer sensor. With the aid of various software, error accuracy can be increased further as well.


OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of 23 clinical skills of the fourth and fifth year medical students. Which have been trained by Family Medicine, Medical Education and other related departments during the first, second and third years. METHODS: A questionnaire regarding 23 clinical skills was administered to 165 fourth year and 125 fifth year medical students. The items in the questionnaire included the performance of the skill, use of gloves, performance under supervision, and the place of the performance. RESULTS: The most commonly performed clinical skills were blood pressure measurement (97.2%), venous blood withdrawal (91.4%) and arterial blood withdrawal (87.9%) when the fourth and the fifth years were evaluated together. Application of intrauterine device (0.7%), episiotomy (1.4%) and birth assistance (3.1%) were the least performed skills. All of the students stated that they have used gloves on gynecological examination, application of intrauterine device, birth assistance and episiotomy, the least use of gloves was on pregnancy examination (59.3%), intramuscular injection (60.7%) and subcutaneous injection. Amongst the clerkships, General Surgery, where the students were on duty during their clerkship, was the ward where most of the skills were performed. CONCLUSION: In order to perform the clinical skills and achieve proficiency before graduation, it would be an appropriate approach to follow the performance of the students by report cards and forward them to perform the skills.


This study aims to provide information related to the Quality of Work Life on Employee Performance. Quality of Work Life is a problem that can not be underestimated, because it will affect the Employee Performance in achieving organizational goals. Achievement of organizational goals tends to decline is allegedly associated with work morale that is also unstable. This research is aimed to find out how big influence of Quality of Work Life to Employee Performance at Dinas Pemuda dan Olahraga Kabupaten Batang Hari Regency either arsial or simultaneously. The method used in this study is descriptive and verifikatif with independent variables (Work Life Quality) and the dependent variable (Employee Performance). The unit of analysis of this study is all employees of the Dinas Pemuda dan Olahraga Kabupaten Batang Hari Regency, the sample in this study amounted to 38 employees, taken with the technique of withdrawal Proportional random sampling. Test data analysis using Path Analysis (Path Analysis) with the help of SPSS 20.0 for windows program. The Application of Quality of Work Life has been very well implemented, Morale looks increasing in both criteria and Employee Performance is included in the criteria very well. The results showed that the Quality of Work Life directly affects Employee Performance of 8.5%.


Clearance of T1 or T2 bacteriophage from the circulation of rabbits takes place in two phases; a rapid first phase and a slower second phase. Secondary stimulation of rabbits with a similar dose of phage to the primary dose results in a more rapid clearance of bacteriophage particles from the circulation. This increased rate of clearance can be demonstrated prior to the production of any detectable humoral antibody. The enhanced secondary clearance appears to be specific for the particle concerned, and does not occur using non-antigenic carbon particles.


Abstract: Treatment of NG 108–15 cells in culture with the opiate peptide [D‐Ala2,D‐Leu5]enkephalin produces maximal inhibition of cyclic AMP synthesis in < 15 min. The activity of [GM3]:N‐acetylgalactosaminyltransferase is similarly inhibited, but maximal inhibition is not observed for at least 30 min following the addition of [D‐Ala2,D‐Leu5]enkephalin. Conversely, the phosphodiesterase inhibitor 3‐isobutyl‐1‐methylxanthine rapidly potentiates the intracellular accumulation of cyclic AMP and, in a more gradual fashion, increases [GM3]:N‐acetyl‐galactosaminyltransferase activity. The reductions in the activity of [GM3]:N‐acetylgalactosaminyltransferase that occur following treatment of NG108‐15 cells with indomethacin argues for a direct role of cyclic AMP in the observed changed in [GM3]:N‐acetylgalactosaminyltransferase activity. By adding low concentrations of cyclic AMP (but not cyclic GMP) to microsomes derived from neonatal rat brain, we were able to demonstrate a dose‐dependent phosphorylation of membrane protein and subsequent doubling of [GM3]:N‐acetylgalactosaminyl‐transferase activity.


Soil quality serves as the basis for both food security and environmental sustainability. To optimize production and implement soil management interventions, understanding the state of the soil quality is fundamental. Thus, this study was conducted to assess the soil quality of arable lands situated in the Nitisols and Luvisols using different assessment techniques. A total of 57 georeferenced soil samples were taken at a depth of 20 cm (18 from Nitisols and 39 from Luvisols land). The soil samples were analyzed for particle size distribution (PSD), texture, pH, organic carbon (OC), total nitrogen (TN), available phosphorus (P), sulfur (S), exchangeable bases (calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and potassium (K)), soil micronutrients (boron (B), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), and zinc (Zn)), and cation exchange capacity (CEC). The techniques used to estimate soil quality includes principal component analysis (PCA), a normalized PCA, and common soil parameters (soil texture, pH, OC, N, P, and K). The results were expressed in terms of soil quality index (SQI). In addition, the soil fertility/nutrient/index (NI) approach was used. The result showed that the SQI values using the common parameters approach were 0.17 and 0.30 for the lands belonging to Nitisols and Luvisols and categorized as very poor (<0.2) and poor (0.2–0.4) quality soils, respectively. PCA-SQI and normalized PCA-SQI values for lands in the Nitisols were 0.36 and 0.42, while for Luvisols they were 0.38 and 0.40, respectively. The soil quality of lands in the Luvisols was rated low (0.38–0.44), while lands in the Nitisols qualified under very low (<0.38) and low soil quality, respectively. In addition, the value of 1.42 and 1.78 in their order for lands belonging to Nitisols and Luvisols were recorded using the NI method that indicated low and medium soil quality. In conclusion, PCA and common soil parameters techniques regardless of soil types offered consistently similar information and could be taken as useful techniques for aiding soil management interventions. Furthermore, the result also calls for the need for applying soil management practices.


Globalization continues to be a disputed concept despite the immense literature dedicated to it. I will focus on features of the current globalization process that can be employed to better understand the direction and reach of changes, particularly in agriculture and food. It is not my goal to produce original contributions about the theoretical relevance and accuracy of globalization or about its scale and scope. I will use a theoretical framework based on a political economy perspective focusing on the global agents, their logic and dynamics. However, this must be tempered by calling attention to the agencies and contingencies involved in the process. In fact, political economy insights suggesting global lines of evolution are not contradictory but rather complementary to actor-oriented, actor-network theory and social constructivist approaches, which acknowledge the social agencies and the complex articulations of the different spaces involved in agro-food production and consumption (Llambi et al. 1999, Goodman and Watts 1997).


Purpose : The purpose of study was to identify to analysis of core nursing interventions performed by Operating Room nurses. Method : The subjects of the study were arbitrarily selected nurses(n=104) working in Operating Room. The period for data collection was 15 days from July, 15, 2002 to July, 30. 2002. The instrument for study was 486 Nursing Interventions Classification developed by McClosky & Bulechek(2000) and was translated into Korean. In 486 nursing interventions, 57 nursing interventions were selected by more than half of 47 professional nurses group of Operating Room. 57 nursing interventions were used as a secondary questionnaire. In the secondary questionnaire, labels and definitions of all 57 interventions were listed. The collected data were self reported by Operating Room nurses. The data were analysed with SPSS program. Result : In 57 nursing interventions, the 'Behavior' domain was the most frequently used. Core interventions of Operating Room were performed several times a day by more than 50% of Operating Room nurses. Core interventions of Operating Room were 16 Core interventions, 7 classes, 5 domains. In the core interventions, the 'Physiological:Complex' domain was the most frequently used. Core interventions of Operating Room were Surgical Preperation, Infection Control:Intraoperative, Surgical Precautions, Fall Prevention, Documentation, Surgical Assistance, Environmental Management:Safety, Skin Surveillance, Physical Restraint, Pressure Ulcer Prevention, Environmental Management:Comfort, Infection Protection, Presence, Emotional Support, Specimen Management, Shift Report. Conclusion : Core interventions of Operating Room have implications for nursing care practice, nursing education, nursing research, and nursing information system in Operating Room.


FIELD: chemistry. SUBSTANCE: present invention relates to production of acrylonitrile copolymers. Described is a method for synthesis of copolymers of acrylonitrile with itaconic acid derivatives through mixing thereof in a solvent medium with addition of a radical polymerisation initiator and heating, the method characterised by that heating is carried out to temperature of 65-85°C, the solvent used is supercritical carbon dioxide, the itaconic acid derivatives used are monoesters or monoamides thereof, and content of the itaconic acid derivatives in the copolymer ranges from 0.01 to 4 mol.%. Also described is a method for synthesis of copolymers of acrylonitrile, itaconic acid derivatives and methyl acrylate through mixing thereof in a solvent medium with addition of a radical polymerisation initiator and heating, the method characterised by that heating is carried out to temperature of 65-85°C, the solvent used is supercritical carbon dioxide, the itaconic acid derivatives used are monoesters or monoamides thereof, and content of the itaconic acid derivatives in the copolymer ranges from 0.01 to 4 mol.% and content of methyl acrylate ranges from 0.01 to 4 mol.%. EFFECT: obtaining copolymers of acrylonitrile with itaconic acid derivatives using an environmentally safe, cheap and energy-efficient method with high output. 2 cl, 1 tbl, 11 ex


The urgency of the problem under study is due to the fact that the professional life of a person under current conditions is highly dynamic; moreover, the attitude to the profession, the meaning of work, and its results is changing. The purpose of this article is to develop innovative psychological and pedagogical support of the professional self-determination of young students as well as to design an innovative psychological and educational technology of the professional choice promotion of an individual. The leading approach to the study of this problem is the psychological and pedagogical observation and questionnaires, which allow for the identification and the study of the experience in the field of development and application of interactive technologies of the provision of professional self-determination of the youth under the conditions of overcoming conflicting realities. This article presents conceptual provisions of interactive psychological and pedagogical support of professional self-determination of an individual in terms of continuing education as a semantic factor of the professional self-determination of an individual; defines goals, objectives, and principles of the modern interactive technology of psychological and pedagogical support of professional self-determination of the youth under the conditions of overcoming conflicting realities; and reveals an interactive technology for the provision of the professional self-determination of the youth. The article may be useful for psychologists, education psychologists, or career psychologists who are ready to use the Internet in order to facilitate an individual in its professional self-determination — namely, the creation of profession interactive services whose activity is not limited to the search for "the most suitable profession".


The invention discloses a culture method of black fungus rich in seabuckthorn flavonoids and a culture medium thereof and relates to the culture method of the black fungus and the culture medium thereof. The culture method can solve the problems that the hyphae growth speed during the culture process by using the existing culture method is slow, and the content of total flavonoids of the obtainedblack fungus is low. The method is as follows: 1, preparing the culture medium; 2, carrying out high-pressure or normal-pressure damp heat sterilization after bagging and sealing the culture medium, and then carrying out natural cooling; and 3, inoculating a black 29 secondary strain into a bacterial bag after cooling, then disinfecting the bacterial bag, cutting an opening, carrying out centralized germination and growing management, harvesting till a fruiting body of the black fungus grows to 80% of mature and drying in the air, thereby obtaining the black fungus rich in seabuckthorn flavonoids. The obtained black fungus rich in seabuckthorn flavonoids can effectively treat and prevent hypertension and hyperglycemia, suppress platelet aggregation and heart failure and increase the healthcare effect of the black fungus. The hyphae growth speed during the culture process is fast. The obtained product has high yield.


The system of non-prosecution in criminal procedure field is built in the basis of procedural law principles as well as more substantive law ones.Individualization of punishment,integrated theory of punishment,principal of a legally prescribed punishment for a specified crime in relative aspect and criminal policies are related closely with discretionary non-prosecution.The relationship strongly supports the idea of criminal integration.


The title of the AAP Executive Board Statement was incorrectly listed on the cover and contents page in the April issue (Pediatrics, 57:467, 1976). The title should have read "Academy Policy in Relation to the Pediatric Nurse Associate."


Increasing levels of autonomy in safety-critical systems such as autonomous vehicles, airplanes, and medical robots, pose questions about their safety, thus compelling the scientific community to provide novel techniques for the design of foolproof safety-critical control software (SCCS). One promising approach for designing formally-correct SCCS is to use unambiguous formal descriptions for design requirements and, at the same time, automate the development and implementation processes. In this poster, we introduce OmegaThreads [3], a tool for automated synthesis of formally-correct controllers for control systems from ω-regular specifications.


In constructing public-key cryptosystems, commutative property is an essential characteristic. Taking advantage of the commutative property of Chebyshev polynomials, a publickey cryptosystem over the residue class ring ${\mathbb{Z}_{{2^k}}}$ has been introduced, which can be implemented very efficiently. Unfortunately, however, the cryptosystem is broken using knowledge of the periodic properties of Chebyshev polynomials. Although commutative polynomials with two variables can be candidates for a public-key cryptosystem instead of Chebyshev polynomials, characteristics of the polynomials should be discussed carefully. In this study, we analyzed some properties of commutative polynomials with two variables over ${\mathbb{Z}_{{2^k}}}$. More precisely, the degree period and the condition for permutation polynomial are given theoretically and verified experimentally. Based on the derived properties, a security evaluation of a key-exchange protocol using the polynomials is also discussed.


Using appropriate surfactant,the water-based nanometer polysilicon has been successfully prepared by dispersing the superhydrophobic nanometer polysilicon nucleus in water.This products has good dispersibility and stability.It can make water replace the expensive diesel oil completely as the medium to carry the nanometer polysilicon to the well.The mimic core driving experiment indicated that after the core treated by water-based nanometer polysilicon,the average water velocity was increased by 90.0%,from 0.250mL/min to 0.475mL/min,the augment injection effect is remarkable.According to the result of XPS,the nanometer polysilicon and the surfactant can adsorb on the rock surface,change its wettability,and enhance the water relative permeability.


The invention discloses an improved wheel powder spraying line and technology. A conveying line (2) is arranged on the outer side of a powder spraying chamber (1); a robot (3) and a turntable (4) are arranged between the powder spraying chamber (1) and the conveying line (2); the robot (1) grabs a wheel, and the turntable (4) sends the wheel into the powder spraying chamber (1) and rolls the wheel subjected to powder spraying out of the powder spraying chamber (1). The technology comprises technological processes as follows: storing workpiece parameters, recognizing workpieces, entering a powder spraying isolation chamber, moving the workpieces out of the conveying line, transferring the workpieces into the powder spraying chamber, spraying powder on the workpieces, recovering fallen powder into powder supply equipment for recycling, finishing powder spraying, moving out the workpieces, transferring the workpieces to workpiece cleaning stations, cleaning powder in workpiece assembly positions, cleaning powder on the turntable, transferring the workpieces back to the conveying line, and curing the powder.


The background of this research is that there are still many students who think  that mathematics is a subject that is difficult to understand and boring. The solution to overcome the problem is by developing a sum board learning media that can help students solve problems regarding addition material and attract students' attention in ongoing learning and determine understanding of the addition concept so that it has an impact on student learning outcomes. This type of research is Research and Development (R&D) research, which uses the ADDIE development model which consists of the analysis stage, the analysis stage includes material analysis, analysis of student needs, and student characteristics. The design stage (design) the design stage is carried out on the summation board media, namely the instrument design, the framework design. The development stage (develop) the development stage is tested for validity. The implementation stage carried out a practicality test, and the evaluation stage carried out an effectiveness test carried out at SD N 02 Sungai Rumbai. The results obtained from the development of the sum board media on fractional material for class II SD N02 Sungai Rumbai students, namely from the results of the validator obtaining an average value of 83% in the very valid category, the practicality value obtained an average value of 91% with the very practical category and the results obtained the effectiveness of obtaining an average value of 90% with a very effective category in improving student learning outcomes. Then the sum board on fractional material obtained from student learning outcomes with a percentage of 90% assessment is included in the very effective category. This media is said because it has an impact on student learning outcomes


In this paper the synthetic load modeling system is presented.Based on the modeling ideas of clustering,online,synthesis and practicality as well as on the basis of current various related data source of loads,the approaches of both component-based statistical synthetic modeling and overall measurement-based identification are improved and integrated,then a platform that can implement dynamic and long-term management of load model parameters is built.The built platform can adapt to the time-varying performance and diversity of loads.The built platform is put into practical operation of Fujian power gird,and it offers primary load models and parameters for power grid simulation.


The air content of concrete plays an important role in the durability of concrete. Excess air may reduce the strength of the concrete, while inadequate air will result in premature deterioration of the concrete due to scaling caused by freeze–thaw cycles and deicing chemicals. Pumping of hydraulic concrete has been a common practice for placing concrete. Although the air content before pumping is relatively easy to control, the air change during pumping has not been well understood. The purpose of this study was to investigate the change in air content of hydraulic concrete caused by pumping. Air content and other properties of concrete before and after pumping were measured at 36 construction projects in two phases. Analysis on data from 31 projects in Phase I indicated that most concrete experiences air loss because of pumping. Many factors could be behind this air loss. Analysis on data from five control projects in Phase II indicated that sampling methods had a moderate effect on the air change. Errors in measurement were minimal for certified testers and calibrated pots. The air change of concrete was significantly affected by the configuration of the boom, in addition to the air content before pumping. Attachments to the boom played key roles in reducing the air loss. Two mathematical models were developed for the prediction of air loss.


Asymptotically flat manifolds with Euclidean volume growth are known to be ALE. In this paper, we consider a class of asymptotically flat manifolds with slower volume growth and prove that their asymptotic geometry is that of a fibration over an ALE manifold. In particular, we show that gravitational instantons with cubic volume growth are ALF.


The present study was conducted during September 2014 to July 2015 to identify the pearl bearing bivalves in south-eastern coast of Bangladesh and culture potentialities of marine oyster in captivity based on field investigation. A total of 7 pearl bearing bivalve species were identified in the coast with a salinity of 18-34 ppt, pH 8.1-8.3 and water depth ranged 0.2-2.0 meter in their habitat. From the collected bivalves, most abundant oyster species windowpane oyster, Placuna placenta (Linnaeus, 1758) was reared in fiber glass tanks with seawater for a period of 6 months. During rearing highest survival rate of 88% was observed in T1 with sandy and gravel substratum and lowest survival rate of 78% was found in T2 with muddy substratum.  Average temperature and salinity were varied between 24 °C-25 °C and 21-26 ppt respectively. From the reared oyster, highest 54 nos. small pearls in the month of April and lowest 7 pearls in December from a single P. placenta were obtained. The study proved that pearls can be obtained from the marine oysters in captivity in Bangladesh, and this offers large scale culture potentialities in our coast.


The study aimed to identify the degree to which national and life education curriculum for the first and second basic grades includes the life skills from the point of view of teachers in government schools in Qabatia. Furthermore, to determine the differences according to gender and specialization variables. To achieve that, the study conducted on (72) male and female teachers, and (42) items questionnaire was applied for collecting data.The results of the study indicated that the degree to which National and life Education curriculum for the first and second basic grades includes the life skills from the point of view of teachers in government schools in Qabatia was high, as it came with a mean of (3.90) and a weight of (%78), and that there are no statistically significant differences at the level of significance (α=0.05) in the degree to which National and life Education curriculum for the first and second basic grades includes the life skills from the point of view of teachers in government schools in Qabatia due to gender and specialization variables.In the light of the results, the researcher recommended providing the means, materials, and techniques to provide an opportunity for teachers of the national and life education curriculum to employ activities appropriately as well as enhancing the student's personality through the adoption of various programs in schools such as the child friendly school, in addition to employing the interactive national education curriculum in line with the digitization of education.


PURPOSE: To provide a therapeutic agent for a rheumatoid disease having a 2-iminothazolidine-4-one deriv. as an effective ingredient. CONSTITUTION: The pharmaceuticals which contain the compd. of formula I [R 1 is lower alk-2-en-1-yl, lower alk-3-en-2-yl, lower alk-2-yn-1-yl, lower alkyl of which the 2, 3-positions are substd. by the radical dissociatable into provide a double bond; R 2 of R 2 , R 3 is H and R 3 is methyl (may be substd. by the radical capable of providing the double bond by dissociation together with R 2 ), both are H or lower alkyl, methylene with both; R 4 is formulas II to IV; R 5 is H, lower alkyl, lower alk-2-en-1-yl, lower alk-2-yn-1-yl; R 6 is formulas V to VI] or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt and common pharmaceutical additives and is in the form of a unit administration form, such as a frosted tablet, for treating the rheumatoid disease, more preferably further for rectal or nonoral administration. COPYRIGHT: (C)1993,JPO


Warping that occurs in fiber optik cables has the potential to cause serious power losses and further leads to optikal fiber rupture. Therefore, it is necessary to measure the effect of the optikal fiber curvature on the power loss generated when the optikal fiber is curved. This study aims to determine changes in the intensity of light output through plastic optikal fibers. this research distinguish the type of single mode cable and multi mode with varying radius. This paper only discusses the calculation of light output that has been affected by the curve of the optikal fiber. from the analysis conducted with a fiber optik cable length of 100 m, attenuation of 0.001 db / km and a bending radius that varies with a bend radius of 8 cm, 2x4 cm and 4 cm. different optikal fiber warping losses are obtained. that single mode cable is better than multimode cable.
Kata Kunci : Serat Optik,bending, Redaman, Jari-Jari, Singel mode, Multi mode


Li et al. published a noticeable article about a gap in heart failure management between Chinese societies in the latest issue of the European Journal of Heart Failure. They indicate a big gap in the care of patients with heart failure. Despite the progress in health care management, there are challenge in the prevention of disease severity. The role of health system in health care gap is vital and unknown. In worldwide, the high-quality health service disturbance is essential for improving health status. This problem can assess two aspects including the provision of health supply and expertise by the health care system and the knowledge of the individual for utilizing it. 2 The various factor influence inequality in health, including health approach, sociocultural status, and health care system type. But the reasons of disparity in health were different among developing and developed countries. In developed countries, health care facilities for various people are public. On other hand, health structure in developed countries is proper and various socio-cultural factors can influence on use of health services. For example, in the study of Osborn et al. about health care between 11 countries, the result of the study indicates that health care systems in developed countries does not our roles in access to inexpensive services with high quality correctly. In this study, individuals report several problems such as the lake of involvement patients in self-management, inadequate management, and coordination for providing care especially in susceptible adults with poor income. Inequality in health care services in developing countries may be due to lack of effective health care system for providing health care supplies and health professionals. In fact, these countries need development resource and revision in the health care system. Also, health program in the developing countries is complex. These factors include governmental or financial unpredictability, lack of enough financial plans, and increasing individual without insurance that can defeat these programs. Finally, each health care system has a specific problem for solving health care status due to compound interaction between the national, regional, and political programs. All of the factors should support and amplify the access of the essential resource for improving knowledge and health status. Distribution of health services should have justice between population with various ethnicities and income level. Also, the national and regional program considers high-risk people and supervises allocation of economic and health instrument for equality in health care.


This paper build a new hybrid wireless broadcast model by effectively integrating mobile broadcast and mobile communication, and further proposes an efficient information delivery technique by cooperating broadcast scheduling with base station caching to adapt well to different access load and transmission bandwidth. Simulation results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method.


Objective To study the relations of gastroenteropathy caused by HP infection and endothelin(ET), gastrin (GAS) and histamine(HTM) in blood, and get the knowledge to the changes of the diseases and the infleunce of prognosis. Methods The quantity of ET,Gas and HTM in blood were measured at the pre, the mid and the post period of Swibec(SBC)treatment with fluorespectrophotometer and radioimmunoassay. Results The levels of ET, GAS and HTM were raised in different degrees in plasma of patients with chronic gastritis and peptic ulcer caused by HP, and the levels of ET and GAS were reduced after HP was killed by SBC, but the level of HTM kept raising during the mid-period of treatment. The levels of ET, GAS and HTM in blood have a high-positive correlation (r=0.9987), a medium- positive correlation (r=0.7882) and no correlation with HP infective positive rate of the chronic gastritis and peptic ulcer respectively. Conclusion HTM continued raising during the mid-period of treatment may be related to HTM released from mast cells after stimulated by toxins of HP. The relations of HP infection and the levels of ET, GAS and HTM have some important clinical significance in studying the cause, pathophysiology as well as the changes of chronic gastritis and peptic ulcer.


A new magneto-electric dipole antenna is designed. The antenna is composed of a horizontal bowtie electric dipole, a center-fed loop antenna functioning as a magnetic dipole and a rectangular cavity. A microstrip-to-stripline transition is employed as a balun to feed the antenna. A prototype was fabricated and measured. Results show that an impedance bandwidth of 110%, with SWR ≤ 2 from 3.08 to 10.6 GHz, was achieved. A stable gain of 8.7 ±1.9 dBi was realized by using the rectangular cavity. Stable radiation pattern with low cross polarization ( ≤ -20 dB), low back radiation ( ≤ -13 dB) and symmetrical E- and H-plane patterns was found over the operating frequencies. Moreover, the impulse response is analyzed which reveals the antenna with good time domain characteristic.


This paper describes an automated system to perform radio frequency interference (RFI) analysis for the deployment of a broadband telecommunication services, ADSL-I. The system include engineering programs and a database of all the licensed transmitters in the US., within the 100-kHz to 500-kHz frequency range. Interfering signal levels at any specified location are first calculated. Analysis is then performed to predict the coupled voltage at the network interface of the customer premises. The total noise spectrum (from this voltage) is calculated and compared with the maximum tolerable noise for reliable performance. Areas where the noise spectrum exceeds the threshold value are defined as critical areas and indicated as shaded regions on a map. In future, the system will be upgraded to analyze RFI study at higher frequency ranges for ADSL-III and other broadband services and will include more capabilities for drawing field contours at frequencies of interest.<<ETX>>


We report the first detection of H 2 absorption pro- files of LMC gas on the line of sight to star 3120 in the associ- ation LH 10 near the emission nebula N 11B. Transitions found in the Lyman band are used to derive a total column density N(H2 )=6 :6 10 18 cm 2 . Excitation temperatures of 50 K for levels J 1 and of ' 470 K for levels 2 J 4 of H2 are derived. We conclude that moderate UV pumping influences the population even of the lowest rotational states in this LMC gas.


Multicore systems are increasingly utilized in real-time systems in order to address the high computational demands. To fully exploit the advantages of multicore processing, possible intra-task parallelism modeled as a directed acyclic graph (DAG) must be utilized efficiently. This paper considers the scheduling problem for parallel real-time tasks with constrained and arbitrary deadlines. In contrast to prior work in this area, it generalizes federated scheduling and proposes a novel reservation-based approach. Namely, we propose a reservation-based federated scheduling strategy that reduces the problem of scheduling arbitrary-deadline DAG task sets to the problem of scheduling arbitrary-deadline sequential task sets by allocating reservation servers. We provide the general reservation design for sporadic parallel tasks, such that any scheduling algorithm and analysis for sequential tasks with arbitrary deadlines can be used to execute the allocated reservation servers of parallel tasks. Moreover, the proposed reservation-based federated scheduling algorithms provide constant speedup factors with respect to any optimal scheduler for arbitrary-deadline DAG task sets. We demonstrate via numerical and empirical experiments that our algorithms are competitive with the state of the art.


A field experiment was carried out at the field laboratory of the Department of Soil Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh during boro season (January 2014-May 2014) to find out the growth and yield performance of 5 boro rice varieties under two irrigation approaches. The experiment was laid out in a two factors Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with varieties V 1 (BRRI dhan 28), V 2 (BRR1 dhan 29), V 3 (BINA dhan 8), V 4 (BINA dhan 10) and V 5 (BR 47) at two irrigation approaches, I 1 (application of irrigation at physiological stages), I 2 (application of irrigation at critical stages). The experimental field was divided into 30 plots to apply 10 treatments with 3 replications for each treatment. The area of each unit plot was 4.0 m x 2.5 m. Recommended dose of all fertilizers and pesticides were applied. The different varieties showed variable results on different physiological attributes. For different parameters such as 1000 seed weight; the effects of varieties are statistically significant. Highest 1000-grain weight (25.95g) obtained in I 2 (application of irrigation at critical stages) and lowest (25.53g) obtained in I 1 (application of irrigation at critical stages). Experimental result showed that the weight of 1000-grain was slightly increased under irrigation approaches, I 2 (application of irrigation at critical stages) over irrigation approaches, I 1 (application of irrigation at physiological stages). The variety, V 5 (BR 47) is the tallest variety (79.54cm) and variety, V 3 (BINA dhan 8) is the shortest variety (74.20 cm) among the five varieties. Statistical variation is found in 1000 seed weight obtained in two different irrigation approaches. Grain yield is slightly decreased in I 2 (application of irrigation at critical stages) over I 1 (application of irrigation at physiological stages). The highest grain yield (6.87 t ha -1 ) was observed in the combination of V 3 ×I 1 and lowest grain yield (5.83 t ha -1 ) observed in the combination of V 5 ×I 2 . The highest grain yield (6.63 t ha -1 ) was attained in V 3 (BINA-8) and the lowest grain yield (6.01 t ha -1 ) was attained in V 5 (BR-47) and it's higher in I 2 (irrigation at physiological stages).


Many-body localization (MBL) features are studied here for a large spin chain model with long range interactions. The model corresponds to cold atoms placed inside a cavity and driven by an external laser field with long range interactions coming from rescattering of cavity photons. Earlier studies were limited to small sizes amenable to exact diagonalization. It is shown that nonergodic features and MBL may exist in this model for random disorder as well as in the presence of tilted potential on experimental time scales also for experimentally relevant system sizes using tensor networks algorithms.


We introduce a new formulation for a cutting stock problem in the stainless steel industry. The formulation extends some previous models developed for the paper industry. In this formulation, mother coils are assumed to have finite lengths, and the widths and lengths of the mother coils are considered variables as well as the lengths of the product coils along with the cutting patterns to be used. To enable reuse of scrap material, the trim loss at the end of a mother coil is preferred and collected into a single coil. Finally, the scattering of an order to multiple mother coils is minimized to facilitate the shipping of the order in a single batch. For numerical solution, the inherently nonlinear problem is transformed to a linear one by a decomposition technique. The procedure is illustrated with numerical examples. The presented model has been successfully utilized in large scale industrial environment as a part of the production planning system developed for Outokumpu Stainless by Accenture.


In our noncontact acoustic inspection method, we have studied a noncontact non-destructive method to detect and visualize internal defects (depth to 10 cm) of composite material (especially concrete) from a long distance (5 – 33 m). The target surface is excited by aerial plane sound waves by a long-range acoustic device (LRAD) and the vibration velocity distribution on the two-dimensional lattice points is measured with a scanning laser Doppler vibrometer (SLDV). Conventionally, after signal processing, internal defects were detected by combining acoustical feature quantities (vibrational energy ratio and spectral entropy) [1,2]. This time, we propose spatial spectral entropy (SSE). SSE can automatically detect resonance frequencies of internal defects, and at the same time, can detect resonance frequencies of a high sensitivity SLDV. Using SSE analysis, internal defect detection and clear defect imaging were achieved for an actual concrete structure.


Transmission line driver systems are described which comprise multiple paralleled driver elements. The paralleled structure allows efficient generation of multiple output signal levels with adjustable output amplitude, optionally including Finite Impulse Response signal shaping and skew pre-compensation.


The AIDS epidemic is now twelve years old. In its first year, 593 cases were reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.1 The cumulative total stands at 315,000 cases.2 Through Au,g~3 st 1993, over 67,000 cases have been reported in 1993. AIDS is now the eighth leading cause of death in the United States.4 The first twelve years have seen major changes in the prevalence for human immunodeficiency virus. Our laboratory prevalence of HIV for the first half of 1993 is 0.05 (5 cases per 1,000). The gender ratio is 85:15 (male:female). The analysis of age versus prevalence indicates the greatest risk is for ages twenty to fortynine. The overall prevalence as a function of policy amount indicates the highest H1V rates are found in the lowest policy amounts, amounts of less than $100,000. This data is compared and contrasted to Centers for Disease Control for gender, age and location. Test Subjects


In this work, we carry out the study of hidden-charm hexaquark states with the typical configurations $qqc\bar{q}\bar{q}\bar{c}$ ($q=u, d, s$). The mass spectra of hidden-charm hexaquark states are obtained within the chromo-magnetic interaction model. In addition to the mass spectra analysis, we further illustrate their two-body strong decay behaviors. There exist some compact bound states which cannot decay through the strong interaction. Hopefully our results will help to search for such types of the exotic states in the future experiments.


Heidegger understands technology as a mode of revealing, i.e., a way of discovering and comprehending reality, which is not merely the result of human invention and operation, but rather a destiny ...


We have read the case report entitled "A new technique of reduction for isolated proximal tibiofibular joint dislocation: a case report" with great interest1. We want to thank to appreciate the authors for the contribution to the literature with their new technique. We want also to present our additions with the valuable authors and readers through you. As mentioned in the study, isolated proximal tibiofibular joint dislocations are not frequently seen in emergency departments (ED) but they are orthopedic emergency cases. According to the study, reduction of the talofibular joint dislocations with the new technique has advantages for the patient and physician. Before the reduction, local anesthesia was applied with 10 cc lidocaine for the pain management in the study. We want to mention that regional block also can be used as an alternative to the local anesthesia in these patients. It is known that in recent years, local and regional blocks can be applied safely and quickly in the reduction fractures and dislocations with the widespread use of ultrasonography in ED2. Sensorial and motor innervation of proximal tibiofibular joint is usually provided by common fibular nerve. It can be easily blocked at popliteal region with USG guidance, and it provides a valuable addition to the reduction procedure3. Regional blocks are also superior to procedural sedation with lack of serious complications. Moreover, it is known that vascular and nerve injuries can be seen in these cases. Especially tibial artery and common peroneal nerve injury may accompany4. It should be in mind that cases that have pain at proximal tibiofibular joint region can be associated with isolated proximal tibiofibular joint dislocation after high energy trauma. In these cases, detailed distal extremity sensation, motor and periphery artery examination should be done and findings should be noted. As mentioned in the study, in the presence of vascular and nerve injury, choose of closed reduction or open reduction in the surgery room is controversial.


The twelfth canto of the Inferno may seem, at first glance, rather straightforward, when compared to those surrounding it. To Charles Singleton, the sheer physicality of its action exemplifies 'the li ne of aliteraI journey given as real': "This man's feet on a siope coming down to a river of bIood dislodges stones so that a centaur on guard here draws an arrow from his quiver and with it pushes back his beard to utter his amazement. This man must be carried across the river (since it is boiling) on the back of another centaur, for 'he is no spirit that can go through the air.,l But is there perhaps a special point to the heightened, even exaggerated, physicality of the poet's encounter with the centaurs? Do other meanings lurk behind the literal? I shall answer both questions affirmatively, suggesting that the action of the twelfth canto is constructed as an allegory of the proper course of earthly justice seen in Aristotle's terms; an allegory played out against the backdrop of a violated landscape shaped by God's wrathfullove and peopled by Him with those whom earthly love has led to physical violence. We begin where Dante begins, with a view of the fallen landscape of the underworld of the violent (Inferno XI, 1-5; XII, 1-10, 28-45). The first circle of Dis is ringed by a high 'alpine' (XII, 2) range, broken by an enormous rockslide which was not there on Virgil's previous visit; he reasons that it must have fallen when Christ harrowed Hell, through the sheer force of his love (XII, 33-45). This revolting vista clearly prefigures the 'abomination of desoiation' of the Last Judgment. For us these stones resound with added echoes: they are also reminiscent of the stony, wintry alpine landscape of Dante's later lyrics, the rime petrose and canzone montanina, and they are also his anagogical rendering of Lucan's 'Emathia,' the quasi-mythical Thessaly of Book VI of the Pharsalia.


This study was done to observe the occurrence of heterotrophic bacteria in terms of free chlorine residuals in two different water distribution systems, which belongs to both K and Y water treatment plant of S city in Korea. The data analyzed in the distribution systems show that the free chlorine residuals decreased from 0.10 to 0.56 mg/l for K, and 0.51 to 0.78 mg/l for Y. The decay of free chlorine is clearly higher in both March and August than in January. The HPC in the distribution systems are ranged from 0 to 40 cfu/ml for K, 0 to 270 cfu/ml for Y, on R 2 A medium. In particular, its level is relatively high at the consumer's ground storage tanks, taps, and the point-of-end area of Y. The predominant genera that were studied in the distribution systems were Acinetobacter, Sphingomonas (branch of Pseudomonas), Micrococcus, Bacillus, Staphylococcus. The diversity of heterotrophic bacteria increases in the end-point area. Most of them are either encapsulated cells or of Gram-positve cocci. In conclusion, the point-of-end area in distribution systems shows the longer flow distance from the water treatment plants, along with a greater diversity and a higher level of heterotrophic bacteria, due to the significant decay of free chlorine residuals.


Background: Atrial �brillation recurrence after surgical ablation in valvular atrial �brillation patients will increase the mortality and morbidity during follow-up. In this study, we attempted to evaluate the relationship between circular RNAs in left atrial appendage and atrial �brillation recurrence to establish a predictive model for early intervention. Methods: A retrospective case control study of all patients who underwent surgical ablation during valve surgery was performed. The expression level of circular RNAs were detected in the left atrial appendage tissue after surgery. 24 hours Holter examination was used to evaluate the status of heart rhythm during follow-up. The independent risk factors of atrial �brillation recurrence were analyzed by multivariate analysis. The predictive model of atrial �brillation recurrence was visualized by Nomogram and was tested by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Kaplan-Meier analysis was performed to compare the rate of freedom from atrial �brillation recurrence after surgery. Results: A total of 136 patients completed the research strategy from September 2018 to June 2019, 81 (59.6%) patients restored sinus rhythm and 55 (40.4%) patients experienced atrial �brillation recurrence. Increased age (P=0.002), longer AF duration (P<0.001) and increased expression of circ 81906-RYR2 (P<0.001), circ 44782-LAMA2 (P=0.002), circ 418-KCNN2 (P=0.011) and circ 35880-ANO5 (P<0.001) were detected in atrial �brillation recurrence group. Multivariate analysis revealed that increased age (odd ratio=1.072, P=0.006), longer AF duration (odd ratio=1.007, P=0.036) and increased expression of circ 81906-RYR2 (odd ratio=2.210, P<0.001) were independent risk factors for recurrence. The area under the curve was 0.77 and the cut-off value was 70 points of the predictive model. The results of Kaplan-Meier plots showed that patients over 70 points were more likely to suffer from atrial �brillation recurrence during the follow-up. Conclusions: Circ 81906-RYR2 could be a new predictor of atrial �brillation recurrence after surgical ablation. A predictive model consists of age, atrial �brillation duration and expression of circ 81906-RYR2 was alternative for early intervention of atrial �brillation recurrence. ejection C-reactive estimated glomerular �ltration


The increase in popularity of higher education has improved the talent competitiveness of China on the global stage and highlighted the function of higher education in fostering social prosperity and development. But, as higher education has continued to advance, other issues have surfaced. Although enrollment chances have risen, there is still inequity in the distribution of opportunities, particularly across genders. The gender disparity in the growth of Chinese higher education is therefore examined and discussed in this article. The analysis and comparison approach is used to explain the causes and solutions to gender inequality in Hong Kong and Mainland China's higher education stages. It is discovered that there are gender bias-causing similarities and differences between Hong Kong and Mainland China. The study's findings are that traditional Chinese beliefs have an impact on gender inequality in higher education in Hong Kong and Mainland China. In several professions and textbooks in Hong Kong, there are very serious gender stereotypes, whereas, in Mainland China, gender inequality is greatly influenced by the urban-rural divide. The remedies for gender disparity examined in this research have a mitigating impact but do not actually solve the issue. China should establish policies in the future that are better suited to its own national circumstances and guarantee that the policies are implemented effectively.


This paper is based on the background of learners' expression recognition in emotion recognition interactive E-Learning. This paper aims at time-consuming of training samples and weights degradation two problems of traditional AdaBoost algorithm, proposes a decile eigenvalue AdaBoost algorithm and joins FPR (False Positive Rate) in this algorithm. The experiments use improved AdaBoost algorithm in E-Learning face detection achieved good effect, and the results provide good conditions for the follow-up E-Learning expression feature extraction.


The utility model discloses a drawing type expansion screw bolt used for installing stationary members in a general project. The utility model is composed of a screw nut, an expansion sleeve and a screw rod. The screw nut forms a cone shape and connects with one end with a deformation fracture of the expansion sleeve and the screw rod is arranged in the conical screw nut from the other end of the expansion sleeve. Compared with the existing expansion screw bolt, the utility model which has the advantages of reliable fixing performance, neat and beautiful appearance of the fixed objects without exposed screw rod, etc. is especially suitable for the present interior decoration and finishing project.


A national survey of assessment professionals in the US was conducted to ascertain who was testing special education students, who were being tested and which tests were being used. Based on 1059 returned surveys, the following statements can be made. Four groups (teachers, specialists, psychologists and speech therapists) generally administer the tests. As an average, three-quarters of these individuals have at least a master's degree; two-thirds are over 35 years of age; they have taken five assessment courses; and assess about 67 children each year. Two out of three children tested are male, regardless of the handicapping category, and almost two out of three are between the ages of 6 and 14 years although there is a trend to test more preschool children. Psychologists and speech therapists use more different tests than teachers and specialists. Some widely used tests are utilized primarily by one of the four groups while others are shared by two or three groups. The most widely used tests are discussed in terms of their technical adequacy and other relevant characteristics.


In consistent to the fact that HPV sequence variations possibly influence virus carcinogenic potential, change in amino acid sequence of HPV-16 E5 protein might modify the transforming activity of the protein by affecting the interactions with the EGFR or potentially, other cellular proteins. In addition, it has been proposed that those variations in the E2 protein may affect the transforming potential of HPV-16 owing to changed affinity for cellular transcription factors or for viral DNA. In the present study, HPV 16 DNA was isolated from cervical cancer tissue using the specific primer designed by the Primer 3 plus software for the HPV antigen E2 gene. The amplified gene was ligated with T vector (pTZ57R/T) and transformed into DH5α cells. The plasmid DNA obtained was then confirmed by restriction digestion and sequence analysis. The sequence was found to be 99% similar to that obtained in GenBank. Dendrogram was constructed using ClustalW software to get the similarity of the sequence with the existing sequence in the NCBI. Further research is required to express the gene to get the protein antigen for the production antibodies or effective vaccine against high risk Papilloma virus.In consistent to the fact that HPV sequence variations possibly influence virus carcinogenic potential, change in amino acid sequence of HPV-16 E5 protein might modify the transforming activity of the protein by affecting the interactions with the EGFR or potentially, other cellular proteins. In addition, it has been proposed that those variations in the E2 protein may affect the transforming potential of HPV-16 owing to changed affinity for cellular transcription factors or for viral DNA. In the present study, HPV 16 DNA was isolated from cervical cancer tissue using the specific primer designed by the Primer 3 plus software for the HPV antigen E2 gene. The amplified gene was ligated with T vector (pTZ57R/T) and transformed into DH5α cells. The plasmid DNA obtained was then confirmed by restriction digestion and sequence analysis. The sequence was found to be 99% similar to that obtained in GenBank. Dendrogram was constructed using ClustalW software to get the similarity of the sequence with the existing sequence in the NCBI. Further research is required to express the gene to get the protein antigen for the production antibodies or effective vaccine against high risk Papilloma virus.


Objective: to identify the profile of Brazilian scientific production of Nursing on the donation of organs and tissues, in our country. Method: integrative review of literature, guided by the following research question: how to characterize the profile of Brazilian scientific production of nursing on the donation of organs and tissues? The search of the articles occurred in following databases: SCIELO, CINAHL, LILACS, MEDLINE and COCHRANE, classified by year of publication, location of research and issues approached. The results were presented in tables and the discussions were centered in the process of donation and transplantation of organs and tissues. Results: of the articles found, 21.05% were available in LILACS; 47.36% in SCIELO; 10.52% in MEDLINE; 5.26% in COCHRANE, and 15.78% in CINAHL. Of these, only 42.10% were arguing about the family experience, and 21.05% on the denial; 10.52% the decision, and 26.31% about the assistance before these processes. Conclusion: It is important that Nursing publications in the process of organ donation continue to evolve, covering a range of issues, being able to provide support to nursing professionals improve their health care. Descriptors: Organ Transplant; Tissue Transplant; Nursing.


Being complex-valued and low in signal-to-noise ratios, magnitude-based diffusion MRI is confounded by the noise-floor that falsely elevates signal magnitude and incurs bias to the commonly used diffusion indices, such as fractional anisotropy (FA). To avoid noise-floor, most existing phase correction methods explore improving filters to estimate the noise-free background phase. In this work, after diving into the phase correction procedures, we argue that even a perfect filter is insufficient for phase correction because the correction procedures are incapable of distinguishing sign-symbols of noise, resulting in artifacts (\textit{i.e.}, arbitrary signal loss). With this insight, we generalize the definition of noise-floor to a complex polar coordinate system and propose a calibration procedure that could conveniently distinguish noise sign symbols. The calibration procedure is conceptually simple and easy to implement without relying on any external technique while keeping distinctly effective.


Donald Ingber—founding director of the Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University—remembers the first time he heard of an organ on a chip. He was at a meeting, and a former postdoc he comentored with George Whitesides, Shuichi Takayama at the University of Michigan, presented something called a "lung on a chip." The chip had channels with branches the size of small airways. Takayama flowed droplets through the channels to mimic mucus plugs. He played a recording of the chirping sound the chip made. "It was exactly the noise I was trained as a med student to listen for through a stethoscope," Ingber recalls. "It's called a crackle. You listen for that to see if people have pneumonia." That chip had no cells on it, but it sparked inspiration in Ingber. Months later, in September 2007, when Ingber hired Takayama's grad student, Dan Huh, as a postdoc, the


With the signing of the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) on 15 November 2020, the announcement of the EU-China Comprehensive Agreement on Investment (CAI) on 30 December, and the prospects of enlarging the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP), trade policy with and within Asia is gathering speed. In the greater East Asia region, consisting of Japan, South Korea, China and the Association of Southeast Asian nations (ASEAN), economic integration via trade, investment, supply chains and digital connectivity will accelerate. In contrast, regions that remain on the outside – i.e. North America, Europe and India – surely fear that trade flows will be diverted. At the same time, geopolitics have become a determining factor of trade policy. Any agreement also represents political positioning in the context of the Sino-American rivalry, or at least a reinsurance against the risks of economic or technological decoupling. What are the economic and political perspectives of these trade and investment agreements? What goals and strategies are the relevant actors pursuing? And what are the consequences for Europe's trade policy?


Minkowski geometry is axiomatized in terms of the asymmetric binary relation of optical connectibility, using ten first-order axioms and the second-order continuity axiom. An axiom system in terms of the symmetric binary optical connection relation is also presented. The present development is much simpler than the corresponding work of Robb, upon which it is modeled.


The neutron kinetics model developed for the THOR code is described. The kinetics model calculates the energy deposition in the reactor core due to fission and radioactive decay. This calculation is performed using one of three user-selected options: (1) Table lookup of total power as a function of time, (2) point kinetics, or (3) 1-group, 1-dimensional (axial) space-dependent kinetics. Feedback effects due to changes in fuel temperature, coolant temperature, and coolant density are included in both the point and space-dependent options. The space-dependent option also includes the capability to calculate the initial critical axial power distribution, and to represent explicitly the movement of control rods in and out of the core. 8 refs.


①JP-8 is called as multi source-multi purpose, according to the diverse application such as generation, public use, vehicles, military use, aviation use. In this injection characteristics, A preliminary injection characterization of injection rate and injection quantity behavior was investigated from a high pressure common rail injection system used in heavy duty engine. Therefore, a trade-off appears the tendency for the injection speed and injection quantity and injection pressure according to the spill. As expected, with pilot injection affects spray quantity and injection evolution of subsequent without pilot injection in JP-8 aviation fuel and diesel fuel. It was found that the total injection quantity was decreased by adding 20% pilot injection duration. because pilot injection quantity causes solenoid response loss and needle lift stroke friction loss. ②To be developed in conjunction with local companies and regional organizations such as the participating companies and the Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology for the processing of onion waste. In animal feed subunit low-temperature storage of the first, the waste, to resolve the litigation of complaints by the stench of the fertilizer onion waste of second low-temperature storage large groups. Therefore, to develop a CO2-reducing green processing system and recycling of agricultural waste. ③And to the activation of the 10th Butterfly Festival to promote Jeollanam Hampyeong and Hampyeong World Expo insect butterfly Butterfly Festival to promote the carriage of the towing vehicle and the shape of a ladybug design and production of new or changes to existing vehicles improved. The towing vehicle is to purchase a combination of 25 passenger cars were produced from existing operations minibus ladybug appearance in the form of structural change. ④The development of the private tourist train to move between Anshan ballistic harbor breakwater and harbor in the Korea International Boat Show songs. The towing vehicle is to remove the appearance of the purchase made by saetsi accompany agricultural tractors and construction machinery was old operational changes to streamline the form of high-speed boats. We developed a two-way trolley train station installed on the steering wheel section, but only the central part of the development of both the towing vehicle hydraulic caster can move in both directions before and after the rotation period is not a geographical term for ballistic and Jeongok. ⑤The technology to produce the final shape by machining one or a few number of components consisting of the integral part of the product forming techniques. The car manufacturer has been assembled over 20,000ea different two parts. The reduction process because the speed and energy consumption during part production material costs, the progressive development of mold that can be produced by processing one or a few that were made i n several pieces to manufacture car parts.