The implementation of genre-based approach in EFL teaching has been increasingly attracting many EFL teachers' attention. This study aimed at investigating the implementation of Ganre-Based Approach in teaching and learning process of speaking skill at SMPN 1 Gamping Yogyakarta. This study was descriptive qualitative. The techniques of collecting the data were observation, interviews and documentation. The data was analyzed by referring to theory of the stages of genre-based approach developed by Hammond et al., (1992). The total of the sample of this study was 28 students in the seventh grade of SMPN 1 Gamping Yogyakarta. The findings showed that the English teacher still had some weakness in implementing genre-based approach. Moreover, the students still had many difficulties in generic structure and social function of the text.


The purpose of this paper is to gain insights from the online product reviews of e-commerce sites such as Flipkart and Amazon and analyze its impact on third party sellers. To judge the authenticity of a product, reviews are more useful than ratings, since ratings do not give a complete picture. It is always preferred to consider both the product and seller reviews to have a seamless delivery and defect less product. In this paper, natural processing methods are used to gain insights by considering online reviews of a product. Methods such as sentiment analysis, bag of words model help to understand the impact of online product reviews on the seller's ratings and their performance over some time. The reviews are categorized into positive, negative, and neutral using sentiment analysis. Further, topic modeling is done to find out the topic reviews are majorly referring to. The seller reviews for a specific product after analysis are compared with the overall seller reviews to judge the authenticity. The results of this paper would be beneficial to both the consumers and sellers.


Correspondence: Dr. Jamshed Akhtar, Department of Paediatric Surgery, National Institute of Child Health, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan. Email: firstname.lastname@example.com Surgical oncology over the years has established itself as a distinct speciality, with defined goals and curriculum in technologically advanced countries, sadly it has yet to gain recognition in developing countries like Pakistan. Cancer treatment has been a field of extensive research and significant advancements have taken place over the years. This includes surgical management of patients with solid tumours. New treatment protocols and surgical approaches have made a remarkable reduction in mortality and morbidity; however, in context of Pakistan and other developing countries, this change is not noticeable. This has been reported in studies from India and Ethiopia.[1,2] In a report on the subject of global challenges related to cancer in children, it was mentioned that most of the cancers in children are curable and about 80% of children with cancer in developing world survive while the same number die in developing countries, a painful fact indeed.[3]


Selective area wavelength tuning of InAs quantum dots (QDs) in GaAs matrix is achieved by patterning TiO2 and SiO2 layers on the sample surface followed by rapid thermal processing. After heat treatment, the QD emission under the SiO2 capped areas shows pronounced blueshifts compared with regions capped with TiO2/SiO2, where interdiffusion is strongly suppressed. Finite element calculations of the strain generated by the different thermal expansion coefficients of GaAs, SiO2, and TiO2 at high temperature are used to interpret the results. This method may provide a simple route to achieve monolithic integration of optoelectronic devices based on QDs.


Climate variability can affect population dynamics via adult survival or via offspring production and recruitment. The relative importance of both processes is still an unresolved mat- ter, especially in long-lived species, where the time lags between the climate signal and the pop- ulation response differ greatly depending on the process involved. We address the issue using 378 time series from 29 seabird species from 187 breeding colonies throughout the North Atlantic. The effect of climate on population growth rate is estimated as the slope of the North Atlantic Oscilla- tion (NAO) index at different time lags when used as a covariate in population models. Using non- linear mixed effects models, we can demonstrate that climate affects the population dynamics of seabirds, both through adult survival and through the recruitment of offspring produced. The lat- ter effect is stronger, and the long time lags involved make it likely that its magnitude is still underestimated. Because different processes are involved, the sign of the relationship with the NAO differs between time lags. The relationship between the NAO and the population growth rate is also highly variable, both within and across species. In a second analytical step, we address the factors that may cause this interspecific and inter-colony variation, considering the ecological, demographic and geographical characteristics of the populations. Among comparatively 'fast- lived' seabirds, i.e. species with large clutches, the relationship with the NAO reverses its sign depending on latitude, while no such trend is apparent among 'slow' species.


The DC microgrid system contains a variety of distributed power sources, but the distributed power sources are uncertain and intermittent. In order to improve the economy of DC microgrid operation, mainly to reduce the microgrid operation cost and environmental management cost, and at the same time the largest proportion of scenery consumption, the optimization algorithm is effective for microgrid for optimal scheduling. A multi-objective optimal scheduling model for microgrids is established. A microgrid model with wind, photovoltaic, micro gas turbine and energy storage is constructed and solved using a multi-objective particle swarm algorithm. The multi-objective particle swarm algorithm is invoked for a typical 24h daily isolated micro-grid system in a certain region. The simulation results show that the optimal dispatching scheme can effectively improve the economy of the microgrid, reduce its operating costs as well as the ability to consume renewable energy scenery power.


The invention relates to a connector frame and a semiconductor device. The connector frame includes a frame part, a first connector projected from the frame part and integrated with the frame part, and a second connector projected from the frame part and integrated with the frame part. The first connector includes a first portion and a second portion provided between the first portion and the frame part. The second portion is thinner than the first portion. The second connector is as thick as the second portion of the first connector.


The mature form of RafE has been expressed, purified and crystallized. X-ray diffraction data have been collected to 3.65 and 2.90 Å resolution from native and selenomethionine-derivative crystals, respectively.


Coarse aggregate is widely used in the unbound granular layers (UGM) of roads, in particular as granular sub-base and base. However, although various studies have been conducted on these materials, their mechanical behaviour still has not been properly characterized, in Portuguese conditions, especially due to reasons connected to the heterogeneity of the rock masses from which they come from. This has special importance for Portuguese pavement technology. In the attempt of contributing for a better knowledge of that behaviour, a work was developed having the aim of obtain the mechanical characterization and the establishment of behaviour models for crushed materials coming from different lithologies, namely limestone and granite, susceptible of being used as UGM. This paper describes the principal results obtained from the work and pointing out the main directives that can be extracted from it, in terms of the global behaviour of a road pavement.


The quantity of text information published in Arabic language on the net requires the implementation of effective techniques for the extraction and classifying of relevant information contained in large corpus of texts. In this paper we presented an implementation of an enhanced k-NN Arabic text classifier. We apply the traditional k-NN and Naive Bayes from Weka Toolkit for comparison purpose. Our proposed modified k-NN algorithm features an improved decision rule to skip the classes that are less similar and identify the right class from k nearest neighbours which increases the accuracy. The study evaluates the improved decision rule technique using the standard of recall, precision and f-measure as the basis of comparison. We concluded that the effectiveness of the proposed classifier is promising and outperforms the classical k-NN classifier.


Fibroblasts grown in medium containing less than 1 µg of ascorbic acid per milliliter showed evidence of ascorbic acid deficiency when compared with cells grown in medium containing 50 µg of ascorbic acid per milliliter. This was manifested morphologically by dilated endoplasmic reticulum, a decrease in number, size, and intensity of staining of the mitochondria, by defective intercellular fibril formation, and by easy disaggregation of the cells from the intercellular matrix after treatment with pronase. When 50 µg per milliliter of ascorbic acid was incorporated into the medium, the altered morphology was corrected, banded fibrils were produced which were organized into bundles, and the cells were tightly bound in a matrix which was resistant to disaggregation with a variety of proteolytic enzymes. Collagen and sulfated glycosaminoglycan synthesis were less in the control than in the ascorbic acid supplemented cells. Similar morphological and chemical changes have been reported in the connective tissue of scorbutic animals. The effects of low ascorbic acid concentration on fibroblasts in culture indicate that these cells require ascorbic acid to maintain connective tissue functions.


The charactristics and applications of automotive suspension systems were represented. Various controlling strategies and their merits and faults were introduced. The development trends of automotive active suspension were pointed out. And several Proporals on R D of automotive active suspension system were put forward.


Verrucous Epidermal Nevi (VEN) are congenital, non-inflammatory cutaneous hamartomas occurring as a result of excessive proliferation of the keratinocytes. Available treatment options are ineffective and recurrences are common. A 66-year-old housewife, presented with complaints of well-defined hypopigmented plaque with verrucous surface on scalp noticed since birth and gradually increasing in size. Initially asymptomatic but since last one year had complaints of itching with loss of patchy hair over the plaque. Incision biopsy taken from the plaque confirmed the case as a verrucous epidermal nevus. The patient was treated with six sittings of Ksharakarma for a period of 3 months. After 3 months of treatment the plaque resolved completely and there was no recurrence noted during 2 years of follow-up. The present case report proves that Ksharakarma, an Ayurvedic parasurgical modality is a better alternative treatment option for VEN.


J.G. Brand, Biophysics of Taste. D.V. Smith and M.B. Vogt, The Neural Code and Integrative Processes of Taste. B.P. Halpern, Psychophysics of Taste. H.T. Lawless, Olfactory Psychophysics. B.J. Cowart, I.M. Young, R.S. Feldman, and L.D. Lowry, Clinical Disorders of Smell and Taste. J.A. Mennella and G.K. Beauchamp, The Ontogeny of Human Flavor Perception. Index.


The breeding range of the Golden-winged Warbler (Vermivora chrysoptera) has expanded in some regions and contracted in others for more than a century (Gill 1980). The decline of the Golden-winged Warbler often is attributed to loss of breeding habitat and/or interactions with the Blue-winged Warbler (V pinus; Confer and Knapp 1977, 1981; Will 1986; Hands at al. 1989; Confer 1992a,b). Golden-winged Warblers nest in early successional habitat. Abandoned farmland is the precursor of most its nesting habitat, although fires, lumbering, and powerline maintenance also create habitat (Hands et al. 1989). The decline of the Goldenwinged Warbler is part of a widespread reduction in early successional species (Sauer et al. 1997) that is correlated with habitat loss. For example, abandonment of farmland in New Hampshire peaked about a century ago, and early successional habitat was most abundant from 1900 to 1955 (Litvaitis 1993). Since 1955, early successional habitat has decreased to nearly zero. Similar loss of habitat has occurred throughout the reforested northeastern United States, and the abundance of Golden-winged Warblers and other early successional birds has declined (Hill and Hagan 1991, Witham and Hunter 1992, Smith et al. 1993). At the other extreme, the rate of farmland abandonment has increased in Pennsylvania, Minnesota, and Wisconsin from 72,000 ha per year during 1925 to 1960 to 185,000 ha per year from 1960 to 1990 (Census of Agriculture 1935, 1992). Numbers of Golden-winged Warblers increased from 1980 to 1996 (Sauer et al. 1997). Within forested habitats, bird species turnover may continue as young forests mature (Holmes et al. 1986). Rappole and McDonald (1994) speculated that Golden-winged Warblers (but not Blue-winged warblers) "have been seriously reduced in numbers as a result of winter-habitat loss...." However, regional declines of Golden-winged Warblers began more than 90 years ago (Gill 1980), before loss of winter habitat was extensive, and their numbers are increasing in the northern portions of their range (Sauer et


Ion exchange membranes (JEM) chemically treated with platinum salt so1uions gives rise to IEM-platinum composites that undergo large deformations in an electric field of a few volts (2-4 volts/mm). They also show remarkable vibrational characteristics of about 80 lIz bandwidth. A simple theoretical treatment as well as some experimental evidence on the dependence of deformation amplitude on the imposed voltages and frequencies are presented.


Abstract Platforms choose between offering exclusive deals or uniform prices to content providers in a setting where content providers can multi-home or single-home. We find that platforms offer exclusive deals for sufficiently large or sufficiently small values of standalone benefits. For sufficiently large or small standalone benefits, there are relatively large or small proportion of multi-homers to single-homers, exclusive deals allow to extract more efficiently from the content provider type that is relatively large in the market. Hence, it becomes more lucrative to employ exclusive deals regardless of the pricing strategy chosen by rival platform. We find that for standalone benefits being sufficiently small, exclusive deals equilibrium is also the industry profit enhancing outcome. On the other hand, when standalone benefits are large, exclusive pricing deals equilibrium leads to a prisoner's dilemma type of outcome.


It has been a puzzle that rotating detector may respond even in the appropriate vacuum defined via canonical quantization. We solve this puzzle by taking back reaction of the detector into account. The influence of the back reaction, even in the detector's mass infinite limit, appears in the response function. It makes the detector possible to respond in the vacuum if the detector is rotating, though the detector in linear uniform motion never respond in the vacuum as expected from Poincare invariance.


ABSTRACT Through the analysis of two graphic novels: The Property by Rutu Modan and Ha-Dor Ha-Sheni: Dvarim she-lo Siparti le-Aba by Michel Kichka, this essay will try to track the changes in the way in which the Holocaust and its memory are visualized and formulated through graphic narratives, as well as how changes in the form and content of these works give us a unique outlook on larger processes concerning Holocaust memory in Israeli society.


A pumped loop two-phase heat transfer system, operat- ing at a nearly constant temperature throughout, includes a plurality of independently operating grooved capillary heat exchanger plates supplied with working fluid through independent flow modulation valves con- nected to a liquid supply line, a vapor line for collecting vapor from the heat exchangers, a condenser between the vapor and the liquid lines, and a fluid circulating pump between the condenser and the heat exchangers.


PVC‐clay nanocomposites were prepared by melt blending of the polymer with an organically modified clay, both in the presence and in the absence of di(2‐ethylhexyl) phthalate (DOP). The clay can serve as a plasticizer for PVC in the absence of DOP. The nanocomposites were characterized by using X‐ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy, and the materials were found to be largely intercalated. Thermal properties were evaluated by using thermogravimetric analysis, and the thermal stability was determined to be variable, depending upon the amounts of clay and DOP that were present. The fraction of polymer that remained at 600°C was significantly reduced in the presence of the clay, a result indicating that the clay had an effect on the course of the degradation of the PVC. The tensile strength of the nanocomposites increased as the fraction of clay increased, and the addition of a small amount of clay increased the elongation, but when additional clay was added, the elongation decreased.


Objectives: To show a process to synthesize and analyze a crank mechanism oscillator function generator. Simulate it in a virtual reality environment, without losing its physical characteristic. Evaluate deviations between analytically desired and virtually obtained. Methodology: Using the analytical method described by Hartenberg and Denavit, a graphic package and an electronic spreadsheet; knowing the angle of rotation of the crank, the angular reference position of the crank, the displacement of the oscillator, the extreme values of the independent variable and the function; precision positions, link lengths, eccentricity and oscillator reference position were determined. The links were generated, the mechanism was assembled, analyzing fifteen of its positions. Of the infinite number of existing solutions, five were synthesized. For each solution that justify it, the deviation of the generated function was evaluated with respect to the desired one. Contribution: The friendly, fast, safe, accurate and parametric process was demonstrated; modifying the inputs and checking the update of the outputs, therefore it is a contribution to the scientific progress of the area.


: This paper presents the results of a study on natural durability of selected tropical wood species from South America and Africa affected by Serpula lacrymans (Wulf., Fr.) Schroet. Tabebuia sp. and Autranella congolensis (De Wild.) A.Chev. wood displayed the highest class of natural durability. They were ranked to first class in terms of natural durability. Apuleia leiocarpa (Vogel) J.F.Macbr. exhibited the lowest resistance to fungal activity. It was classified third class in terms of natural durability presented in European standards.


ABSTRACT Academic spin-offs have become widely recognized vehicles for the commercialization of research results, fostering regional growth by universities. However, expectations of benefits are accompanied by high failure rates, low survival rates and fragile development paths. Our study addresses the role and contribution of the parent university in ASO growth. While most prior research focused on external contingencies relevant for successful ASO development, we turn towards the relationship between the parent university and the ASO in order to better understand how its dynamics can support or impede growth. From a behavioral perspective, we argue that these relationships are consequential to the behavior of ASO entrepreneurs, their attention focus and their business development. Our study focuses on trust- and distrust-building mechanisms between the ASO and its parent university. In order to identify relevant patterns experienced by individuals, we use a purposeful sampling procedure for maximum heterogeneity. We collected 19 semi-structured interviews from 29 informants at the same research university, along with its 10 ASOs at various stages of development and from diverse academic fields. We follow a hybrid coding procedure, and thematically group emerging topics into overarching themes to find that trust and distrust appear at the same time within the same relationships. The interplay between trust and distrust appears as asymmetrical and ambivalent. We identify the mechanisms that lead to trust and to distrust at the individual and institutional levels. Our findings contribute to better understanding the behavioural underpinnings of effective ASO-parent university relationships.


In this paper we explore the effect of innovation on income inequality using annual country panel data for 29 countries. We demonstrate that innovation activities reduce personal income inequality by matching patents from the European Patent Office with their inventors. Our findings are supported by instrumental variable estimations to tackle endogeneity. The results are also robust with respect to various inequality measures, alternative quality indexes of innovation, truncation bias, the use of patent applications together with granted patents and different ways to split or allocate patents.


: The construction industry is known for its high risks and has been responsible for numerous accidents and fatalities worldwide. Employers have a responsibility to provide a safe and healthy working environment for their employees, encompassing physical, physiological, and psychological well-being, known as work health and safety (WHS). Despite existing laws and regulations aimed at protecting construction workers, accidents still occur frequently. This essay explores the implementation of the Training-With-Industry (TWI) theory as a human resource management strategy to improve safety in the construction industry. It highlights the economic, legislative, ethical, and motivational damages caused by workplace accidents and emphasizes the importance of addressing safety concerns from the perspective of human resource managers. The essay proposes two TWI-based training methods for construction workers: job instruction training and safety awareness training. Job instruction training involves experienced workers mentoring and guiding new employees, fostering a safer work environment, and reducing the risks associated with inexperienced workers. Safety awareness training aims to enhance safety consciousness among both employees and employers, emphasizing the proper use of personal protective equipment and conducting emergency drills. The essay concludes by stressing the significance of prioritizing workplace safety and encourages human resource managers to incorporate TWI strategies into their management plans to ensure the well-being of construction workers.


Objective In systemic sclerosis (SSc) a persistent tissue repair process leads to progressive fibrosis of the skin and internal organs. The role of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which characteristically initiate and regulate tissue repair, has not been fully evaluated. We sought to investigate whether dividing metakaryotic MSCs are present in SSc skin, and test whether exposure to the disease microenvironment activates MSCs leading to transdifferentation. Methods Skin biopsy material from recent onset diffuse SSc patients was examined by collagenase spread of 1mm thick surface-parallel sections, in order to identify metakarytoic dividing stem cells in each tissue plane. Adipose-derived MSCs from healthy controls were treated with dermal blister fluid from diffuse SSc patients, and profiled by next generation sequencing, or evaluated for phenotypic changes relevant to SSc. Differential responses of dermal fibroblasts were studied in parallel. Results MSC-like cells undergoing active metakaryotic division were identified in SSc but not control sections, most prominent in the deep dermis and adjacent to damaged microvessels, in both involved and clinically uninvolved skin. Furthermore, exposure to SSc blister fluid caused selective MSC activation, inducing a myofibroblast signature, whilst reducing signatures of vascular repair and adipogenesis and enhancing migration and contractility. Microenvironment factors implicated in inducing transdifferentiation include the pro-fibrotic growth factor TGFβ, presence of lactate and mechanosensing, whereas the microenvironment Th2 cytokine IL-31, enhanced osteogenic commitment (calcinosis). Conclusion Dividing MSC-like cells are present in the SSc disease microenvironment where multiple factors, likely acting in concert, promote transdifferentiation, leading to a complex and resistant disease state.


of the industry; competitive advantages; level and assessment phases of the strategic competitiveness of the industry; m anagement system of strategic competitiveness of the industry; param eters.


For a best broadcasting efficiency we give in this paper an alternative treatment with electromagnetic potentials (EP) and propose a powerful tool based on the resonance properties. Recently, we have developed some methods for studying the change on broadcasting conditions and explained theoretically as the brake of confinement conditions for the so-called evanescent waves. We also named the former as left-hand material conditions because the event that occurs inside a left-hand material can be analyzed with exactly the same tool as the broadcasting case. So we have proposed that the equivalent mathematical behavior in case of electromagnetically broadcasting is really a transformation of the confined near field into travelling waves. In addition, we know that if we make a time reversal, the quality of the signal becomes much better and can be focused in a more restricted area. In other words, the theory of the generalized Fredholm integral equations (GFE) has been used to first introduce a source for the time reversal procedure but then we transform the inhomogeneous equations (GIFE) into generalized homogeneous ones (GHFE) for describing the resonances, that is the frequencies for which we can see the brake of confinement conditions and because of their singular properties, prevent information lose. But in the past we never talked about the electromagnetic potentials neither the retarded Green functions and applying them to the mixing of signals in the same thin band but with different recording times. In this paper we built the equivalent formalism that involves both the electromagnetic potentials and the retarded (and advanced) Green functions. We must underline that, for convenience, the system considered is a discrete one, but we can recover a continuum version by including the discrete indexes as continuum variables. To convert evanescent waves into travelling waves we must also locate the sink in the near field region, restriction that we have explained as a consequence of orthogonality rules followed by the resonances. Once we have obtained the inhomogeneous vector-matrix equation we inquire ourselves about a singular condition that is a situation similar to that of scattering quantum mechanics theory when we have an outgoing wave but we don't have an incident one. That condition on scattering theory describes an unstable system known as resonance. If we demand the same condition on our vector-matrix equation, we obtain also resonances but which describes travelling waves that come not for an incident wave but for evanescent waves. In addition, in accordance with Communication Theory we have shown that it is possible to introduce the recording time as an additive contribution to the so-called power. The fact that we are using the same band but different cutting limits, also suggests that we can design an appropriate filter that can distinguish between signals according to the recording time that is we can superpose signals with the same frequency range but with different recording times. In a previous work we have sketched a filter, but now we give a better-defined device. In addition we introduce the so-called Plasma Sandwich Model (PSM) with the purpose to optimize the broadcasting, which propose that regions or zones with a fluctuating refraction index constitute the transmission media and that strongly depends on the magnetization and local values of the EP. Finally we give a simple example for obtaining the resonant frequencies for a particular form for the Fourier transform of the kernel in the GHFE.


Writers who have dealt specifically with the history of secondary education in the United States have usually presented their readers with a series of unrelated snapshots that picture successively the Colonial Latin grammar school, the academy, and the nineteenthcentury high school. These writers have neglected to observe the points of similarity between the several types of secondary schools and have tended to exaggerate the points of difference. In so doing, they have lost sight of the gradual development of one institution out of another. This article, contrary to the general practice, presents American secondary education in a continuous process of evolution. Changing conditions, as the reader will see, have brought modification of existing institutions rather than the creation of new and entirely different institutions. The study throws new light on the origin of the high school.


A rapid learning algorithm was put forward to realize complex system modeling and self-adaptive control with uncertainty, high nonlinear and lame time-delay. Merits of internal model control were combined, such as simple design, food regulation capacity, high robustness and the ability to eliminate the unknown disturbance to construct a internal model control system based on wavelets neural network, which was characterized by high robustness and quick response speed and then it can brim food control performance when controlled objects vary in a wide range. Finally, it was triumphantly used in simulation of the superheated steam temperature reduction control system of 500 MW unit and food performances are obtained.


One thousand sorghum germplasm accessions were evaluated and characterized at SDAU Deesa (Gujarat) under Consortium Research Platform on Agro-biodiversity and majority of accession showed good early vigour, dark green leaves, non-tan type, drooping leaf orientation, white mid rib color, non-senescence, awn less, semi compact ear head, oblong ear head shape, half glum covered, bold and white seeded. The quantitative characters also showed wide variation and the potential germplasm may be utilized for further breeding program.


A study on the species richness and temporal variation of insect under order Odonata was conducted at National Botanical Garden Shah Alam (NBGSA), Selangor. Samplings were conducted for three months from January 2012 to March 2012 using sweep net. Two trails were chosen at two different lakes and two different sessions which were morning session and evening session. Trail one was located at the innermost part of the forest that far human activities while trail two was located at middle of the forest with open area and near to human activities. A total of 420 odonates were successfully collected consist of four families and 23 morphospecies. The families identified were Lestidae, Libellulidae, Coenagrionidae and Gomhidae. The most abundant family was the Libellulidae with 341 individuals followed by Lestidae, Coenagrionidae and Gomphidae with 54, 16, and 9 individuals respectively. Trail one recorded the highest number of individuals collected with 250 individuals while trail two with 170 individuals had the lowest number of individual collected. Morning session was identified as the most active time for Odonata with 236 individuals collected rather than evening session with only 184 individuals. From the data analysis, Shannon-Weiner Diversity Index showed that there was no significant different (p > 0.05) between both trails and sessions. Overall study had shown area with high vegetation and located far away from human activities had the highest diversity of Odonata.


Category: Hindfoot Introduction/Purpose: The pathophysiology of adult-acquired flatfoot deformity (AAFD) is not fully explained by degeneration of the posterior tibial tendon alone. While a shortened or dysplastic lateral column has been implicated in flatfoot deformity in pediatric population, there is no study that has quantified the degree of shortening or dysplasia in adults with a stage IIb flatfoot deformity, or if any exists at all. The purpose of this study was to use reconstructive 3D modeling from computed tomography (CT) scans of the calcaneus in order to perform three-dimensional morphometric measurements of the lateral column in patients with stage IIb posterior tibial tendon dysfunction (PTTD) compared to controls in an effort to better understand the morphology of patients with AAFD. Methods: After IRB approval, an institutional radiology database was queried for patients with PTTD who had CT performed between January 2011 and June 2016. Controls were patients receiving CT scan for an intraarticular distal tibia fracture without preexisting foot or calcaneal pathology. Clinical office notes, physical examination, and weight-bearing radiographs were used to identify patients that met clinical criteria for stage IIb PTTD. A 1:1 match was performed using age, laterality, gender, and BMI. Morphometric measurements of the calcanei were performed involving the length of the calcaneal axis (LCA), height of the anterior process (HAP), and length of the anterior process (LAP) (Figure 1). Linear mixed-effects models were used to assess the differences between control and PTTD patients with respect to LAP, HAP, and LCA measurements, with also considering measurements from 3 independent observers. We considered a difference of ± 4 mm as our threshold of clinical significance. Results: Of the 3586 CT within our institutional database, a total of 14 patients were available for reconstruction and analysis. There were no statistical differences detected between patient characteristics or demographics between these groups. On average, the long axis of the calcaneus (LCA) was 3.1 mm shorter (95% confidence interval: 0.43-5.76 mm) in patients with stage IIb PTTD compared to controls (p<0.05). Additionally, the distance from the articular margin of the posterior facet to the anterior process (LAP) was shorter in PTTD patients compared to controls 3.35 mm (p<0.001; 95% confidence interval: 1.82- 4.88). Comparison of observers demonstrated high agreement between LCA and LAP measurements, as illustrated by satisfactory concordance correlation coefficients. Conclusion: Our results support the hypothesis that the calcaneus of adult patients with stage IIb AAFD is, indeed, dysplastic when compared to healthy controls, which further supports the utility of LCL. Analysis of these results, taken together with previous literature, may suggest the use of a smaller graft between 4-6 mm as ideal when performing this procedure.


The purpose of this study, to determine whether there are differences in student learning outcomes in using the Problem Based Learning method with the lecture method. During approximately 1 month different methods were applied in 2 classes, namely the Problem Based Learning class and the Lecture class with a total of 25 students each, then to see the learning outcomes a post-test was conducted. The results showed the value of t arithmetic = 2.92> t table 2.010, so that the conclusion Ha is accepted and H0 is rejected, it means there are differences in student learning outcomes using the Problem Based Learning method with those using the lecture method on redox material.


Oligothiophene-derivatives have been extensively studied as p-type semiconducting materials in organic electronics applications. This manuscript reports the synthesis, self-assembly and photophysical properties of a new acceptor-donor-acceptor (A-D-A) type oligothiophene-derivative by end-group engineering of quaterthiophene (QT) with naphthalene monoimide (NMI) chromophores which are further connected to a tri-alkoxy benzamide wedge. Conjugation to the NMI units reduces the HOMO-LUMO gap significantly and consequently the absorption spectrum exhibits a bathochromic shift of ~ 50 nm compared to QT. Furthermore, extended H-bonding interaction among the amide groups of the peripheral wedge produces entangled fibrillar nanostructure and gelation in hydrocarbon solvent such as methylcyclohexane wherein the A-D-A chromophore exhibits a typical H-aggregation. In contrary, the same chromophore, lacking only the amide units, does not produce gel or H-aggregation indicating strong impact of H-bonding on the self-assembly. Computational studies reveal electronic properties of the chromophore and predict the geometry of a dimer in the H-aggregation which reasonably matches with the experimental results. Bulk electrical conductivity measurements estimate excellent conductivity value of 2.3 x 10-2 S cm-1 for the H-aggregated system (OT-1) which is two orders of magnitude higher than the same chromophore lacking the amide groups (OT-2).


A compact three-dimensional (3-D) metal-printed ridged waveguide slot array antenna with wideband, dual linear polarization and low cross-polarization is presented for X-band applications. The proposed design achieves a compact structure due to the method of using a ridged waveguide (RWG). A vertically linear polarized (VP) array is realized through eight longitudinal shunt slots etched on the non-ridged broad wall of the RWG, while a horizontally linear polarized (HP) array is realized through eight V-shaped slots cut on the ridged broad wall of the RWG. To extend the operating bandwidth, each 1 × 8-element linear array is separated into two 1 × 4-element sub-arrays through a central feeding technique. The two sub-arrays of the VP array are excited with equal amplitude and are 180° out-of-phase through a T-junction power divider, which connects the coaxial feed and the radiated waveguide, while the two HP subarrays are directly excited by a coaxial feed with equal amplitude and remain in phase. The feed structure uses coaxial probes directly attached to the RWG to provide good mechanical stability and low voltage around the feed. An optimized 2 × 8-element dual-polarized array is fabricated using 3-D metal-printing technology for experimental verification. The measured −10 dB impedance bandwidth of the VP array is 1.2 GHz (12.2%) and, of the HP array, is 1.1 GHz (11.2%) with maximum gains of 14.6 and 15.5 dBi, respectively. There is good polarization purity over the entire operating bandwidth with a cross-polarization level better than −40 dB in the main beam direction. The isolation between two orthogonal polarized arrays is greater than 40 dB over the whole band.


This research was funded by the William Beattie Fund for Undergraduate Research in Peace and Conflict Studies through the Trudeau Center for Peace, Conflict and Justice at the Munk School of Global Affairs, University of Toronto.


Conventional ionic liquids possess several disadvantages, such as high viscosity, difficult sampling/retrieval, and great loss in aqueous solution, limiting their wide applications in the pretreatment field. To solve these drawbacks, we synthesized a quaternary ammonium polymeric ionic liquid (PIL) and pressed it into an effervescent tablet for developing an effervescence-enhanced dispersive solid-phase extraction method (QAP-EDSE). The pressed effervescent tablet was composed of PIL as an extractant, tartaric acid as an acidic source, NaHCO3 as an alkaline source, and water-soluble starch as a filler, respectively. Under the CO2-driven dispersion, the QAP-EDSE method integrated rapid enrichment, extraction, and dispersion into one synchronous step. Employing the one-factor-at-a-time approach, several important variables were optimized as follows: 200 mg of P[VBTHEA]Cl as sorbent, 400 μL of acetone as elution solvent, 5 min of elution, solution pH 9.0, and 1 : 1.25 molar ratio of alkaline to acidic sources. Combining LC-DAD analysis, this proposed approach offered the limits of detection as low as 0.11–0.31 μg L−1 and satisfactory recoveries of 81.40–102.62% for five sulfonamides (SAs) in environmental waters. The lower relative standard deviations (1.9–6.7%) evidenced the higher intraday and interday experimental precision by this method. Overall, the newly developed method is environmentally benign, time-saving, and easy to operate with low detection limit and high recovery and thus shows excellent prospects in the trace-level detection of SAs in environmental waters.


New technologies have major effects on the profitability of companies and the economic growth of society. If appropriate technologies can be routinely selected, then it is possible to achieve sustainability at a company level. Knowledge management (KM) can be used to support technology decision making and give an understanding of the potential of particular technologies in a specific business environment. In this study, the design research methodology (DRM) is used with three case studies in an industry environment to develop and evaluate a novel technology valuation method (TVM). The proposed six-step TVM focuses on the acquisition, modeling, and validation of product-related knowledge to support KM related to technology decisions. The contribution of this research is to use distinctions between product properties and behaviors with a disposition toward understanding the potential of technology. During the process, tacit knowledge is made visible and documented, which supports the reliability of technology decisions and enables companies to gain sustainability.


There has been a recent resurgence of interest by developing countries in regional trading arrangements, despite their checkered history. The new arrangements seem to have a greater prospect of success because of extensive autonomous trade reforms and a greater outward orientation in recent years. This paper looks at briefly at experiences in Latin America, and goes on to look at stages of integration, discussing how economic integration processes may be deepened. Provided regional integration agreements maintain their outward orientation, they can be building blocks for the multilateral trading system. This paper was first published in Regionalism and its Place in the Multilateral Trade System, OECD, Paris, 1996. (...)


This article introduces the class of dynamic systems known as discrete event systems, which are characterized by event-driven transitions over a discrete set of states. The modeling formalism of automata is employed, and their language properties characterized. Parallel composition of automata is defined. Analysis of logical properties of discrete event systems modeled by automata is discussed, with a special focus on partially observed systems and event diagnosis using diagnoser automata.

Keywords:

discrete event systems;
automata;
languages;
safety properties;
blocking;
parallel composition;
observers;
diagnosers


Wastewater discharged from the institutions is white,
acidic in nature ,turbidity is higher and high COD and BOD.
Higher the values of the carbon dioxide and lower the value of
chloride were noted for the waste water. Waste water which is rich
in protein and fat content can be used as a feed for animals
.Treatment of the waste water from GITA is treated and is utilized
further for gardening purposes. The estimation of the entire
construction of the plant was calculated and was constructed
according to the plan .


Low-permeability near-critical volatile reservoirs are characterized by light oil, complex fluid phase, and strong reservoir inhomogeneity, etc. Purely injecting CO2 will create a series of problems, such as serious gas channeling, low sweep efficiency, and low oil recovery. Therefore, in this paper, through a combination of experiments and simulations and in the process of studying the problem from simple to complex, we carried out phase equilibrium experiments for CO2-near-critical volatile oil and CO2-near-critical volatile oil-formation water, as well as experiments for minimum miscible pressure of slim-tube with pure CO2 and CO2–water co-injection to the comparative study of the miscible characteristics and displacement oil efficiency between pure CO2 injection and CO2–water co-injection. It provides an important reference for improving oil recovery by CO2–water co-injection in low-permeability near-critical volatile reservoir. The results of CO2-near-critical volatile oil/CO2-near-critical volatile oil-formation water phase equilibrium experiments show that the saturation pressure, density, and gas–oil ratio of the system increase, and the viscosity decreases with the increase in CO2 injection. In the three-phase system of CO2-near-critical volatile oil-formation water, the CO2 content in the flash gas of crude oil, gas–oil ratio, and gas–water ratio are negatively correlated with the water saturation. The results of slim-tube experiments and simulations on the miscible characteristics and displacement oil efficiency of pure CO2 injection and CO2–water co-injection show that the recovery degree of crude oil under CO2–water co-injection is higher than that of pure CO2 injection, and the CO2 dissolved transition section in oil and gas is shorter and the gas breakthrough time is later under CO2–water co-injection, which effectively increases the sweep efficiency and improves the degree recovery of crude oil. When CO2–water co-injection, the ratio of water is higher, the later the gas–oil ratio rises, the later the CO2 breakthrough, and the higher the degree of crude oil recovery. It indicates that when CO2–water co-injection, the ratio of water is higher, the more CO2 is dissolved in water, which effectively inhibits the occurrence of gas channeling and increases the sweep area, thus improving the degree recovery of crude oil. The research results of this paper provide an experimental basis and theoretical foundation for CO2–water co-injection for enhanced crude oil recovery in low-permeability near-critical volatile reservoirs.


(57) Abstract: apparatus for detecting an obstacle in the flow line. Detector housing having a cavity is provided. Detector housing has first and second openings to the cavity. Flow line is attached to the detector housing, each first opening, the cavity, the flow path is established through the second opening. The pressure detector detects a change in pressure in the cavity, indicating the presence of the obstacle.


Babesiosis, caused by Babesia microti and B. divergens, is transmitted by Ixodid ticks. Symptoms of babesiosis vary from a mild flu-like illness to acute, severe, and sometimes fatal and fulminant disease. In Korea, 7 imported babesiosis cases and 1 endemic case have been reported. We report 2 cases of severe babesiosis initially mistaken as malaria. The first patient was complicated by shock and splenic infarction, the other co-infected with Lyme disease. As the population traveling abroad increases every year, physicians should be aware of babesiosis which mimics malaria, co-infection with other diseases, and its complications.


For all practical purpose, qard and qard hasan are generally regarded synonymous from orthodox Islamic viewpoint, because, due to the categorical prohibition of riba in the Qur'an, qard (loan) is considered ribawi, and therefore only gratuitous monetary loans – without any benefit to the lender – are considered permissible.The concept of qard hasan has gained new relevance and importance as it is being used to structure Islamic financial products, such as demand deposit products in banks and credit cards. Using qard hasan as the basis for such products leads to some serious anomalies. But more importantly, is the traditional understanding of qard hasan consistent with the Qur'an as well as hadith? What scriptural evidences are there to support the traditional understanding? Also, in light of the impact of credit cards on personal financial health, is the concept of qard hasan at all compatible with credit cards, and thus, structuring Islamic credit cards?In this paper, we focus on how the Qur'an illuminates this concept of qard hasan and also how it is treated in hadith. While evidence from hadith is looked at, the primary purpose of this paper is to examine the Qur'anic approach to this concept and practical implications for Islamic product structuring. This conceptual paper critically examines the Qur'anic perspective on qard hasan and identifies implications that are seriously at odd with the traditional understanding and with some contemporary practices in Islamic banking and finance.


What explains variation in policymaker demand for intelligence? When do policymakers request "just the facts?" When do they also solicit the judgments of intelligence agencies? In making their requests, why do policymakers sometimes adopt intrusive postures toward intelligence agencies and at other times treat them deferentially? In this paper, I develop a very preliminary typology of policymaker demand for intelligence. I derive hypotheses from existing International Relations theories to explain why policymakers adopt certain patterns of demand for intelligence during crises. I discuss the important effects of these patterns of demand on intelligence effectiveness and overall decision-making. Finally, I explore potential ways to test the theory empirically.


The rat retrotrapezoid nucleus (RTN) contains candidate central chemoreceptors that have extensive dendrites within the marginal layer (ML). This study describes the axonal projections of RTN neurons and their probable synaptic inputs. The ML showed a dense plexus of nerve terminals immunoreactive (ir) for markers of glutamatergic (vesicular glutamate transporters VGLUT1–3), γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA)‐ergic, adrenergic, serotonergic, cholinergic, and peptidergic transmission. The density of VGLUT3‐ir terminals tracked the location of RTN chemoreceptors. The efferent and afferent projections of RTN were studied by placing small iontophoretic injections of anterograde (biotinylated dextran amine; BDA) and retrograde (cholera toxin B) tracers where RTN chemoreceptors have been previously recorded. BDA did not label the nearby C1 cells. BDA‐ir varicosities were found in the solitary tract nucleus (NTS), all ventral respiratory column (VRC) subdivisions, A5 noradrenergic area, parabrachial complex, and spinal cord. In each target region, a large percentage of the BDA‐ir varicosities was VGLUT2‐ir (41–83%). Putative afferent input to RTN originated from spinal cord, caudal NTS, area postrema, VRC, dorsolateral pons, raphe nuclei, lateral hypothalamus, central amygdala, and insular cortex. The results suggest that 1) whether or not the ML is specialized for CO2 sensing, its complex neuropil likely regulates the activity of RTN chemosensitive neurons; 2) the catecholaminergic, cholinergic, and serotonergic innervation of RTN represents a possible substrate for the known state‐dependent control of RTN chemoreceptors; 3) VGLUT3‐ir terminals are a probable marker of RTN; and 4) the chemosensitive neurons of RTN may provide a chemical drive to multiple respiratory outflows, insofar as RTN innervates the entire VRC. J. Comp. Neurol. 499:64–89, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Seborrheic dermatitis (SD) is a common inflammatory disorder of the skin, characterized by erythema covered with greasy-looking scales and seen over areas rich in sebaceous glands-namely, the scalp, face, chest, back and flexural areas. Though much remains to be learned, there is increasing understanding of the etiopathogenesis of seborrheic dermatitis. This should eventually lead to more effective management of the disease.


Korean version is available at: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3035799
The argument that the news selection of Korean web portals is politically biased lacks not only objective evidence but also discourse on what the causes are. If web portals provide a sufficient amount of variety in their news contents, it may be unnecessary to regulate the average bias. However, a cautious approach is needed when expanding algorithm-based news feed services as the selective consumption of personalized news will polarize public opinion, which in turn, will serve to further disseminate fake news.


The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of eight week of badminton training on body composition and cardiorespiratory function in mid-aged men. study participants consisted of 10 overweight men who have played the badminton no longer than 3 months and 10 overweight men who have not worked out at all. Body composition and cardiorespiratory function changes were assessed via badminton training in 5days a week for 8 weeks. The data were examined using the paired t-test and subjected to an analysis of variance(ANOVA). The results indicated the reduction in body weight, body fat, and fat distribution compared to controlled group while that of fat-free mass was insignificant. There also was a significant increase in VO₂max, respiratory exchange ratio. Therefore, regular training in badminton can be effective at body composition and cardiorespiratory function and this initial finding can provide positive effects on prevention of an adult disease.


In this study, we have examined the correlation between work function (WF) of indium-tin-oxide (ITO) and open-circuit voltage (Voc) of heterojunction photovoltaic (PV) cells based on different donor materials. Device configurations of ITO(modified)/SubPc/C60/BCP/Al and ITO(modified)/ZnPc/C60/BCP/Al were used in this study. Surface modification of ITO electrode through p-substituted benzenesulfonyl chlorides with different electron withdrawing terminal groups (C6H5-, Cl- and NO2-) has exploited to change the WF of ITO up to 5.28 eV with NO2-. Chemically modified ITOs and SubPc, ZnPc were used as anode electrode and donor materials, respectively. In order to find the correlation of Voc, two different donor materials with different HOMO levels were used in PV cells. When the SubPc was used as a donor in PV cells, the Voc was strongly dependent on WF of ITO. However, for ZnPc, the Voc was almost independent on WF of ITO due to its low HOMO level and formed ohmic contact at the interface between chemically modified ITO electrodes and ZnPc.


Differentiating species according to their relative niche breadth is a common approach in community ecology that can enhance understanding about how species relate to the environment. Although a species might exhibit a generalized ecology across its entire range, on a local scale, individuals might function as specialists. American badgers (Taxidea taxus (Schreber, 1777)) are terrestrial carnivores that have been described most often as generalists. We compared patterns of habitat selection by badgers at three scales to test the hypothesis that badgers would exhibit behaviors more closely aligned with specialists than generalists when inhabiting landscapes with black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus (Ord, 1815)). At a course scale, badgers selected for prairie dog colonies across the landscape. At an intermediate scale, we documented significantly greater use of prairie dog colonies within the home ranges of badgers. At fine scales within colonies, badgers used areas that had relatively high densities of prairie dog burrows, where prey was presumably abundant. On multiple scales, badgers exhibited a narrow use of resources in comparison with the resources available. Our study provides additional evidence that badgers behave as specialists when burrowing rodents are highly concentrated and predictable over space and time.


The objective of this study was to provide practical insight into the design and operation of sublevel cave stopes. In particular, the effects of increased sublevel intervals were investigated in order to under stand their impact upon stop recovery. The investigation included; review of the flow theory for caving rock, physical model tests and underground mine observation. The technical and financial support for this study was provided by MC0 Ltd.. where the plan is to increase sublevel intervals fiom 2 1 to 3 1 metres. The implications of design to the recovery of the sublevel cave stopes, with the greater sublevel intervals, is described in this thesis. Practical design strategy is discussed with the Sliding Plane (SP) concept and recommendations for the mine operations are included. The physical model tests indicate that strong vertical flow is necessary for high recoveries for the 3 1 rn sublevel intervals. The vertical flow component is primarily influenced by steep ring gradients and wide drawpoints. The geometrical and operational parameters hvo lved with the sublevel cave mining process should promote rnaximizing both these parameters. Results from the underground operatioos conciuded that fragmentation is of key importance to sublevel cave stope. Proper fiagmentation of the ore column resulted in improved eEciency for the other mine operations aml was critical to recovery. Underground observations indicated that the drawpoints must be wide enough to account for inconsistent blast results and provide regular flow. The drawpoint width determines the width and flow strength of the central channel which is important to achieving high recovery of the ring. The high mo bility and lack of particle interlock are the majn differences between the flow regime in the model and the underground sublevel cave stope. The model results indicated that 3 1 metre sublevel intervals are viable for the su blevel cave design provided that burdens are increased accordingly. The larger burdens may not be possible for the underground sublevel cave design due to poor fiagmentation and subsequent Iow particle mobility within the stope.


Examines problems of tactical-criminalistic complexes in the theory of criminalistics and practice of combating modern crime. Critical analysis of scientific approaches and discussion of the perspectives of individual scientists on study issues proposed author's vision of solving the above problems. It is proved that a tactical operation along with a tactical combination are variations of tactical-criminalistic complexes, is a relatively new, specific activity categories, revealing the functional aspect of complex forensic tools and tactics used by the investigator (judge) in the process of criminal proceedings.
Considered scientific approaches to the understanding of tactical operations and tactical combinations, criteria of their differentiation. It is noted that a tactical combination and tactical operation dynamic categories, the essence of which is manifested in the procedural and non-procedural actions (events) that are in interaction and mutual influence. Despite some external similarity, they are separate tactical means, and their distinction is based on certain criteria, the list and content of which are proposed for consideration.
It is proved that a tactical operation should be considered as a special kind of tactical and forensic complexes the investigation of crimes and prosecution of criminal proceedings as a separate category of criminalistics. It is proved that in modern conditions of reforming of the criminal procedural legislation, the criminal justice system study the problems of complex use of tools are relevant and demand-driven practices. Suggested a promising direction of research for further research on the problems.


The aim and novelty of this paper is to correct and up-date a classical theory that is two thirds wrong and besides incomp lete. We mean the Linton's theory about the pyridine N-o xide 'excited structures'. He found that the dipole mo ment of pyridine N-o xide is appreciably s maller than the expected theoretical value. Thus, he postulated the contribution of three 'excited structures', with a negative electric charge at the 2-, 4- and 6-position. However, a typical electrophilic substitution such as nitration, afforded only the 4-nitro derivative. Th is discrepancy between theory and experiment pro mpted us to study the pyridine N-o xide physical properties, since reactivity is derived fro m them. Besides, these negative charged rings require an unexpected polarizat ion and a reaction mechanism must be provided. We propose intermolecular induced polarization as a viable path, that is, a special case of electro meric effect. We uncovered that only one of the three structures before mentioned is supported by the observed reactivity as well as by 13 C nuclear magnetic resonance data. Thus, we reject two of the Linton's 'excited structures' and explain the regioselectiv ity found in pyridine N-o xide n itration.


Objective To explore the effect of early screening and psychotherapy on post stroke depression.Methods 80 patients with stroke at first onset were assessed with Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression(HAMD-17).Patients with depression were divided into control group(n=21) and intervention group(n=21).Both groups received rehabilitation therapy and the intervention group received psychotherapy in addition.They were assessed with HAMD again 2 months after treatment.All of them were evaluated with modified Barthel index(MBI).Results 52.5% patients had post stroke depression.The score of HAMD-17 was lower in the intervention group than in the control group(P0.01).There was no significant difference in MBI between 2 groups after treatment(P0.05).Conclusion Early screening and psychotherapy can facilitate the recovery of patients with depression after stroke.


Meiosis expressed gene 1 (Meig1) was originally identified in a search for mammalian genes potentially involved in meiosis. Seven mouse Meig1 transcripts with the same coding region, but different 5′‐UTRs, have been identified. These transcripts have different tissue distributions, two are only present in the testis. In the testis, Meig1 is present in germ cells and Sertoli cells. A Meig1 conditional knockout model has been generated. When Meig1 was inactivated globally by crossing with Cmv‐Cre transgenic mice, the Meig1‐deficient males were sterile due to severe spermiogenic defects, and had no obvious defects in meiosis. To further study its role in individual cell types in the testis, the Meig1flox mice were crossed with Hsp2a‐Cre, Prm‐Cre, and Amh‐Cre mice, in which the Cre recombinase is driven by the heat shock protein 2 (Hsp2a) gene promoter (expressed in spermatocytes), the protamine 1 gene promoter (expressed in post‐meiotic spermatids) and the anti‐Mullerian hormone (Amh) gene promoter (expressed in Sertoli cells) respectively. Both Meig1 mRNA and protein were undetectable in testis of the Hsp2a‐Cre; Meig1flox/flox mice and all the mutant adult males tested were sterile. This phenotype mirrors that of the Cmv‐Cre; Meig1flox/flox mice. Even though the total testicular Meig1 mRNA and protein expression levels were dramatically reduced in testis of the Prm‐Cre; Meig1flox/flox males, all the mice tested were fertile, and there was no significant difference in sperm count and sperm motility compared with age‐matched Meig1flox/flox male mice. Disruption of Meig1 in the Sertoli cells did not affect the MEIG1 protein expression. Amh‐Cre; Meig1flox/flox males were fertile, and produced the same amount of spermatozoa as age‐matched Meig1flox/flox mice. The testicular histology was also normal. Our results indicate that MEIG1 regulates spermiogenesis through effects in germ cells alone, and that the Meig1 gene must be active during a discrete period in spermatogenesis after which it is dispensable.


timely initiation of renal replacement therapy: paradigm shift in themanagementof patientswith chronic renal failure.AmJKidneyDis 31:398±417, 1998 6. Radtke HW, Claussner A, Erbes PM, Scheuermann EH, Schoeppe W, Koch KM: Serum erythropoietin concentration in chronic renal failure: relationship to degree of anemia and excretory renal function.Blood 54:877± 884, 1979 7. Levin A: Anaemia in the patient with renal insuciency: documenting the impact and reviewing treatment strategies. Nephrol Dial Transplant 14:292±295, 1999 8. ObradorGT,RuthazerR,Arora P,KauszAT, PereiraBJ: Prevalence of and factors associated with suboptimal care before initiation of dialysis in the United States. J Am Soc Nephrol 10:1793±1800, 1999 9. MacDougall IC: How to improve survival in pre-dialysis patients. Nephron 85 (suppl 1):15±22, 2000 10. Foley RN, Parfrey PS: Cardiovascular disease and mortality in ESRD. J Nephrol 11:239±245, 1998 11. Levin A, Singer J, Thompson CR, Ross H, Lewis M: Prevalent left ventricular hypertrophy in the predialysis population: identifying opportunities for intervention. Am J Kidney Dis 27:347±354, 1996 12. Silberberg JS, Barre PE, Prichard SS, Sniderman AD: Impact of left ventricular hypertrophy on survival in end-stage renal disease. Kidney Int 32:286±290, 1989 13. FellnerSK,LangRM,NeumannA,KorcarzC,BorowKM:Cardiovascular consequences of correction of the anemia of renal failurewith erythropoietin. Kidney Int 44:1309±1315, 1993 14. Macdougall I:Higher target haemoglobin level and early anaemia treatment: di€erentor complementary concepts.NephrolDialTransplant 15 (suppl 3):3± 7, 2000 15. Hayashi T, Suzuki A, Shoji T: Cardiovascular e€ect of normalizing the hematocrit level during erythropoietin therapy in predialysis patients with chronic renal failure. Am J Kidney Dis 35:250±256, 2000 16. Portoles J, Torralbo A, Martin P, Rodrigo J, Herrero J, Barrientos A: Cardiovascular e€ects of recombinant human erythropoietin in predialysis patients. Am J Kidney Dis 29:541±548, 1997 17. Tsakiris D: Morbidity and mortality reduction associated with the use of erythropoietin.Nephron 85 (suppl 1):2±8, 2000 18. MaJ,EbbenJ,XiaH,CollinsA:Hematocrit level andassociatedmortality in hemodialysis patients. J Am Soc Nephrol 10:610±619, 1999 19. Radermacher J, Koch KM: Treatment of renal anemia by erythropoietin substitution. Clin Nephrol 44 (suppl 1):S56±S60, 1995 20. Levin A, Thompson CR, Ethier J, Carlisle EJF, Tobe S, Mendelssohn D, Burgess E, Jindal K, Barrett B, Singer J, Djurdjev O: Left ventricular mass index increase in early renal disease: impact of decline in hemoglobin. Am J Kidney Dis 34:125±134, 1999


We study the interaction of C60 molecules with intense (10‐ 1000 TW/cm 2 ) femtosecond pulses of 790-nm wavelength. High charge states of carbon up to C 41 are produced in this intensity range, as determined by time-of-flight spectroscopy. These high charge states of carbon are produced at intensities more than an order of magnitude lower than would be required based on optical field ionization of isolated carbon atoms. From a line-shape analysis of the time-of-flight data, we derive the kinetic-energy distribution of the C ions. We find average energies of up to a few hundred eV, indicating that these ions are released through Coulomb explosion of the C60 molecules once the charge buildup due to ionization becomes sufficiently high. Ionic potentials of up to 200 V are derived from the kinetic-energy distributions. The ionic potential needed to retain electrons energetic enough to cause K-shell impact ionization is 392 V. This potential is not reached in case of ionization of C60 with 790-nm, 45-fs pulses since the disintegration of the cluster occurs on a time scale of a few femtoseconds, much shorter than the optical pulse. In this short time span, the heating of the cluster is not efficient enough for higher charge states to be ionized. @S1050-2947~98!07812-3# PACS number~s!: 36.40.Gk, 52.50.Jm, 36.40.Vz, 36.40.Wa


Environmental policy implementation has been strengthened to protect the source waters in Korea and to improve their water quality. Increasing of non-point source caused water quality problem continuously. Research on runoff from forests, which occupy over 65% of the land in korea, is insufficient, and studies on the characteristics and influences of storm runoff are necessary. In this study, we chose to compare the effects of land use in the form of two types of forest distribution and then gathered data on storm characteristics and runoff properties during rainfall events in these areas. Furthermore, the significance and influences of the discharges were analyzed through correlation analysis, and multilateral runoff characteristics were examined by deducing a formula through COD(Mn) and TOC regression analysis. At two forest points, for which the basin areas differed from each other, flow changed according to storm quantity and intensity. The peak discharge at point A, where the basin area was big, was high, whereas water-quality fundamental items (BOD, COD(Mn), and SS) and TOC density were high at point B where the slope and storm intensity were high. Effects of dissolved organic matter were determined through correlation analysis, and the regression formulas for COD(Mn) and TOC were deduced by regression analysis. It is expected that the data from this study could be useful as basic information in establishing forest management measures.


Students of all ages seem fascinated by the lottery, making it a ready tool for illustrating basic probabilistic concepts. The author has developed a program called "Lotto Luck" for IBM PC compatibles which has been used in over 100 classrooms from grades 6 through 12 and with dozens of college classes and civic groups to demonstrate what happens to the "earnings" of the frequent lottery player over a period of time. We discuss how to use the program and provide information for obtaining the compiled code by ftp.


Objectives: At the conclusion of this lesson, successful participants should be able to: 1. Identify challenges associated with over-the-counter (OTC) medication use in children. 2. Identify situations in which physician referral is appropriate for pediatric patients with cough/cold and fever symptoms. 3. Design a treatment plan, including specific counseling points for parents, for a pediatric patient with cough/cold symptoms and/or fever. INTRODUCTION


The two experiments reported examined the effects of sheep treading on pasture growth and soil characteristics on autumn-irrigated subterranean clover-Wimmera ryegrass pastures and their subsequent influence on winter production. Treading only (experiment 1) increased the bulk density of soil by 40% as the stocking rate increased from 0 to 39.2 sheep ha-1. This caused a 33% reduction in late winter production (July), the decline (675 kg ha-1) being due mainly to a reduction in the proportion of ryegrass in the pasture. The combined impacts of treading and grazing (experiment 2) proved more detrimental to subsequent pasture recovery. At the July measurement, treading reduced production by 20% when the stocking rate was increased from 0 to 19.6 sheep ha-1, while the combined effect produced a 58% loss in yield. In addition to stocking rate, the length of the pre-grazing establishment period proved critical, with greater compaction evident in plots stocked 24 h after irrigation. This compaction affected the botanical composition, significantly more ryegrass being present in compacted plots, although increased tillering was encouraged by intense defoliation at high stocking rates which intensified this effect.


The invention discloses a mobile terminal and an independent intelligent data acquisition module. The intelligent data acquisition module comprises a sensor, an analog to digital (A/D) conversion module, a processor and a wireless transmission module, wherein the output end of the sensor is connected with the input end of the processor through the A/D conversion module; the output end of the processor is connected with the wireless transmission module. A power supply supplies power to the intelligent data acquisition module; the intelligent data acquisition module wirelessly communicates with the mobile terminal; data information of the intelligent data acquisition module can be received by using a wireless network module in a mobile terminal device; data is processed and analyzed through a microprocessor, and then a result is stored and displayed through the mobile terminal and is wirelessly transmitted to a monitoring center finally. Due to the adoption of an independent packaging structure, the intelligent data acquisition module facilitates targeted detection of all indicators for water quality, thus being convenient to use; meanwhile, the mobile terminal is small in size, high in signal strength and convenient to carry, so that the labor intensity of an operator is effectively reduced, and the working efficiency is improved.


This study is conducted to investigate the perception of auditors about reporting quality in Libyan's banking sector. Reporting quality presents information to the user which is free from any biases and errors presenting a fair picture. Overall results show that auditors perceive good reporting quality in Libyan banking sector with most of the annual reports containing the qualitative characteristics of faithfulness and understandability for the users of the accounting information.


The total synthesis of representative members of the Schizozygine alkaloids (+)-vallesamidine and (+)-14,15-dehydrostrempeliopine were completed from a late stage divergent intermediate. The synthesis took advantage of efficient nitro group reactions with the A/B/C ring skeleton constructed concisely in gram scale through an asymmetric Michael addition, nitro-Mannich/lactamisation, Tsuji-Trost allylation and intramolecular C-N coupling reaction. Other key features of the synthesis are a novel [1,4]-hydride transfer/Mannich type cyclisation to build ring E and a diastereoselective ring closing metathesis reaction to construct ring D. This gave access to a late stage C-14,15 alkene divergent intermediate that could be simply transformed into (+)-vallesamidine, (+)-14,15-dehydrostrempeliopine and potentially other schizozygine alkaloids and unnatural derivatives.


Here, we report the identification and coding-complete genome sequences of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) strains obtained from patients with COVID-19. The variants identified belong to variant of concern B.1.617.2 and variant of interest B.1.617.1 ABSTRACT Here, we report the identification and coding-complete genome sequences of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) strains obtained from patients with COVID-19. The strains identified belong to variant of concern B.1.617.2 and variant of interest B.1.617.1.


The V-22 tiltrotor aircraft accomplishes key onboard functions using the Vibration, Structural Life and Engine Diagnostics (VSLED) system.12 Several key Health, Usage, and Monitoring System (HUMS) objectives are accomplished by processing VSLED data in the Comprehensive Automated Maintenance Environment Optimized (CAMEO) ground station. VSLED acquires Rotor Track and Balance (RTB) vibration data and calculates rotor blade weight adjustments and blade pitch change adjustments to reduce 1 per rev vibrations induced by the two proprotors and to match thrust for the two proprotors while in airplane mode. The CAMEO ground station includes a maintenance support software module called the "RTB Tool" where VSLED RTB adjustments are further processed and diagnosed as required to assure the RTB process stays on course and to provide maintainers with additional requirements when more complex diagnostics for VSLED system or mechanical problems are suspected. This paper presents an overview of the onboard system functions and CAMEO's RTB Tool functions used in the rotor smoothing operation. A description of the flight data acquisition, onboard processing and ground station processing is also provided. The CAMEO RTB Tool module displays data in graphical and tabular format. Some examples of RTB operations are presented.


Many Factors influencing the testing accuracy are discussed according to the differences between the testing data of most of the domestic anti-force rolling brake testing platform. We try to get the theoretical analysis and be proved by experiment through the mechanical model. We focus on some respects just as attachment coefficient, tire pressure, vehicle moving and direction displacement which influencing the testing accuracy of the anti-force rolling brake testing platform.


..................................................................................................................... ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ..............................................................................................iv NOMENCLATURE .......................................................................................................... v TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................................ vii LIST OF FIGURES ..........................................................................................................xi LIST OF TABLES ........................................................................................................ xiii CHAPTER


Asparagus officinalis L.is an important high nutrition vegetable rich in bioactive factors such as rutin,saponins,plant polysaccharides,organic selenium,free amino acid and vitamins.It is also considered as one of important herbal medicine plants which can prevent and treat several diseases for human such as tumour,hypertension,hyperlipidemia,hyperglycemia and obesity.The latest advances in the areas of the bioactive factors,their major functions,and pharmacological mechanism in Asparagus officinalis L.and its wild relatives were reviewed.The prospect of Asparagus officinalis L.as an important functional vegetable both of food and medicine for the future was made as well.


Searching for Keywords is an impulsive procedure for searching useful and relevant data from various sources like documents, graphs, relational databases, texts etc. The Uncertain Graph Data are widely used in real life applications. Uncertain Graphs pervasively exist in real applications, where data frequently exhibit uncertainties. Because of presence of uncertainty, it is a critical task for keyword searching on Uncertain Graph Data. Sometimes Keyword Searching phenomenon provides improper underlying results. Techniques discussed in this paper help to cover all these issues. Effective results are provided with the employed methods. This survey is done to decide which keyword searching technique is appropriate to derive the perfect results. These techniques prove to be very invoking to non-expert users in real applications.


Before 1994, some higher education institutions (HEIs) in South Africa seem not to value social inclusiveness of various groups in higher education, particularly people from disadvantaged backgrounds. As a result, access and widening participation are viewed as problematic and difficult to sustain since it has to involve students from poor and underrepresented social backgrounds. The perception of restricting access from a social justice point of view presupposes the inequalities based on the segregation policies of the apartheid era. Transformation relates to a process of absolute overhaul of social thinking and result in meaningful social transition. In 2002, a major policy decision was taken via the National Plan on Education as a means to approach transformation of the higher education system in South Africa. Attempts of amendments in policy on higher education have not translated into material benefits for the majority of previously disadvantaged black people in South African society in terms of access, equity and participation in higher education. This paper aims to provide an overview of the conditions resulting from the policy on transformation in the context of higher education. The paper concludes that improving access could be achieved through offering equal and standardised educational programmes [curriculum] in all universities. The paper further suggests that a need to introduce one common language such as English as the only medium of instruction at HEIs could be helpful in eradicating the dominance of Afrikaans which is replete with negative memories.


Energetic deposition using filtered cathodic arc plasma is known to lead to well adherent and dense films. Interface mixing, subplantation depth, texture, and stress of the growing film are often studied as a function of the kinetic energy of condensing ions. Ions have also potential energy contributing to atomic scale heating, secondary electron emission and potential sputtering, thereby affecting all film properties. A table is presented showing kinetic and potential energies of ions in cathodic arc plasmas. These energies are greater than the binding energy, surface binding energy, and activation energy of surface diffusion. The role of potential energy on film growth is not limited to the cathodic arc plasma deposition process.


Three-dimensional integrated circuits (3D ICs) are the IC chips with multiple device layers stacked together with various vertical interconnect technologies. The layers could be connected with wire-bonding, through-silicon-vias (TSV), microbump, or even inductive/capacitive contact.


We present four new findings pertaining to MEMS sensors for acoustic emission detection. Our sensors are resonant-type capacitive transducers, operating with a frequency between 100 kHz and 500 kHz, fabricated in the PolyMUMPS process. The sensitivity of a resonant transducer is related to the sharpness of its resonance, measured by the quality factor Q, and operating in a coarse vacuum will increase Q. We describe a practical laboratory method for sealing and evacuating our MEMS sensor, and present measurements showing Q in the evacuated packages to be 2.4 to 3.6 times greater than under atmospheric pressure. We also describe our theoretical analysis of noise sources in the electromechanical behavior of a resonant, capacitive-type transducer sensitive to out-of-plane motion, with particular interest in noise resulting from mechanical excitation of the moving plate by air molecule impact. We report on a new transducer design to sense out-of-plane motion featuring a moving plate constructed as an open grill rather than as a plate perforated by etch holes. Characterization measurements show the open grill design to have a higher Q than a comparable perforated plate transducer. Finally, we report on another novel transducer designed to sense in-plane motion. The sensor is a comb finger capacitive transducer, and theoretical predications predict the in-plane sensor to have a much higher Q than the out-of-plane sensors. We show experimental measurements confirming these design characteristics, and we show results from pencil lead break experiments.


Background: Apolipoprotein CIII, present on some HDL, LDL, and VLDL, promotes dyslipidemia and activates atherogenic processes. Lipoprotein subspecies containing apoCIII adversely affect CVD risk. For example, it has been shown that LDL with apoCIII is a stronger predictor of CVD than LDL without apoCIII, and that HDL with apoCIII is associated with increased CVD. Small studies have suggested that omega 3 fatty acids may reduce plasma total apoCIII in addition to their TG-lowering effects, but there is a lack of detailed analysis in regards to which lipoprotein subtypes are affected by treatment. We studied the effect of omega-3 carboxylic acids on apoCIII concentrations in HDL, LDL, and VLDL; and on the concentrations of subspecies of HDL, LDL, and VLDL that contain or do not contain apoCIII. Methods: We analyzed plasma samples from the EVOLVE trial (EpanoVa fOr Lowering Very high triglyceridEs), a 12 week double-blind study of 399 subjects with fasting TG between 500 mg/dl and 2000 mg/dl who were random...


Generally built in desert areas, heliostat fields undergo various wind loading conditions. An ANSYS Fluent CFD model of an isolated heliostat in worst-case orientation for the drag force is realized via numerical simulations using the realizable k-e turbulence model. This paper focuses on the gap width between the panels and its influence on the wind loading that heliostats are subjected to. An atmospheric boundary layer profile is generated based on a wind tunnel experiment. For a heliostat in upright and tilted orientations with the wind angle being zero degrees, the gap width is varied and the force and moment coefficients are calculated. In the range tested, all the coefficients globally increase with the widening of the gaps.


The life style in modern era is responsible for so many diseases. The vatarakta (gout) is one of them. Firstly, it occurs in hand and foot then spreads in whole body. Gout is a true crystal deposition disease. It can be defined as the pathological reaction of the joint or periarticular tissues to the presence of monosodium urate monohydrate (MSUM) crystals which preferentially deposit in peripheral connective tissues in and around synovial joints, initially favouring lower rather than upper limbs and especially targeting the first metatarsophalangeal and small joints of feet and hands. Acharya Vangasena (name book writer) Vangasena Samhita (name of ancient book) advised to use Kokilakshadi Kshayama (decoction of Asteracantha longifolia, a medicinal plant) in the chapter vataraktaadhikara (name of chapter on gout). Acharya Sushruta (name of ancient Ayurvedic book writer) has described Siraviyadha (venepuncture) as 'Ardhchikitsa (half treatment) in Shalyatantra (surgery). The present study is comparative study of Siraviyadha and Kokilakshadi Kshayama in Vatarakta w.s.r. to gout. In Group A, Kokilakshadi Kshayama was given with pippali churna anupaana (powder of Piper longum used as vehicle). In group B, Siraviyadha was done. The results show that percentage improvement was statistically higher in group A as compared to group B. Keywords: Vatarakta (gout), Siravyadha (venepuncture), Kokilakshadi kashayam (decoction of Asteracantha longifolia a medicinal plant) Cite this Article Mehta Chetan, Bhardwaj Anil, Bhatia Yogesh. A Comparative Study of Siravyadha and Kokilakshadi Kshayama in Vaatarakta W.S.R to GOUT. Research and Reviews: A Journal of Ayurvedic Science, Yoga and Naturopathy. 2017; 4(3): 6–10p.


This research aims to see the effectiveness of combination of two learning models in helping students to understand learning process. The learning model is a conceptual framework that encompasses the stages of activities, materials, and guidance procedures in obtaining learning experiences that are arranged systematically and serve as guidelines for learning designers and instructors. Qualitative paradigm with analysis description research model is used in this study. The data were collected from the strengths and weaknesses of the active learning model and some research results from three researchers. This article will discuss about a combination of three active learning models, inquiry model, discovery and discovery inquiry. The model is expected to facilitate students to understand learning well in Indonesia. The results of this article proves that the inquiry discovery learning model is considered very effective in understanding learning in the classroom. Keywords—learning models; discovery inquiry; discovery; inquiry


It is the first measure of product output of all goods and services depending on the quality to survive and develop. According to I.S.O definition for quality,the author suggests that the teaching quality means the extent of inherent characteristics of a college to meet its customers' requirement. The basic intension for the quality of vocational education under the mode of work-study combination is the extent of the school-running system,teaching resources,course structure and available supply of highly skilled expertise,professionalism and various features of vocational colleges to meet the " customer" occupational flexibility,employment competitiveness and sustainable development.


On January 25, and 26, 2007, an NWChem meeting was held that was attended by 65 scientists from 29 institutions including 22 universities and 5 national laboratories. The goals of the meeting were to look at major scientific challenges that could be addressed by computational modeling in environmental molecular sciences, and to identify the associated capability development needs. In addition, insights were sought into petascale computing developments in computational chemistry. During the meeting common themes were identified that will drive the need for the development of new or improved capabilities in NWChem. Crucial areas of development that the developer's team will be focusing on are (1) modeling of dynamics and kinetics in chemical transformations, (2) modeling of chemistry at interfaces and in the condensed phase, and (3) spanning longer time scales in biological processes modeled with molecular dynamics. Various computational chemistry methodologies were discussed during the meeting, which will provide the basis for the capability developments in the near or long term future of NWChem.


The peculiarities of the influence of air temperature data on the accuracy of forecasting of nodal loads in power systems and how the accuracy of such forecasting changes depending on the training sample and its volume are considered. The application of the data analysis method to detect anomalous values and omissions to reduce data distortion and improve forecasting results is considered. A neural network of deep learning of the LSTM type was used for multifactor prediction of nodal loads. To evaluate the effectiveness of the forecast accuracy, various variants of data samples for neural network training are considered.


A transmitting array antenna for both long- and medium- range automotive radar application is proposed in this paper. The array antenna consists of six linear series-fed patch subarrays and a network based on substrate integrated waveguide (SIW). With adoption of the broadband self-compensating phase shifter, the antenna has a good performance in wide band. Simulation results show that impedance bandwidth is from 23.9GHz to 25.1GHz, the relative bandwidth with flat-shoulder pattern is 2%.


In this paper, we propose a controller for the Controller Area Network with Flexible Data-Rate (CAN FD), an automotive communication protocol that supports flexible data length. The CAN FD is suitable for in-vehicle communication networks that requires a high reliability and high data transmission rate among ECUs. Experimental results show that our controller receives data from virtual ECU through SPI and transmits the data to the CANFD bus, completing the communication successfully.


Taking the eastern section of the round Xuzhou city freeway of as an example, the foundation defects and geological hazards in high construction are discussed The related preventive measures are proposed


In recent years,with thoroughly carrying out of middle line of South-to-North Water Diversion Project and the development of rural water supply,agricultural irrigation and urban water supply,the drainage aqueduct has become an important component part of these lifeline projects.By using finite element analysis software ANSYS,this paper makes the three-dimensional finite element static analysis on the drainage aqueduct,and points out that the research results can provide a theoretical foundation for the design of similar projects.


Lamprophyre dykes intruded in the lower Permian stratigraphy in Liuyuan area of Beishan,Gansu province.There was a compact tectonic relation between the lamprophyres and the basalts,gabbros and uhramafic rocks that distributed in this region. The K-Ar and Ar-Ar mica datings indicate a intrusion time between 240Ma and 220Ma.The lamprophyre dykes are characterized by significant LILE and LREE enrichment but a depletion in HFS elements( Ta-Nb-Ti,Zr ,Hf).The Sr-Nd isotope ratios of the lamprophyres show a range of high(~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr)_i from 0.708616 to 0.708744 and-3.89~-2.14 ofe_(Nd)(t).The Nb/Ta(16.16~19.14,compared with 17.5 for primitive mantle),Zr/Hf(42.14~43.95,compared 36.7 for primitive mantle)ratios and the depletion of Ta-Nd-Ti suggest a metasomatized mantle origin.This origin is associated with an enrichment process by metasomatic melts/fluids that released from the ancient subducted oceanic crust or delaminated root of orogenic belts.We propose that the lamprophyre dykes that intruded through rifts were derived from the enriched ascending metasomatized mantle materials;and the lamprophyre dykes were a latter step of the Permian marie rocks such as basalts,gabbros and ultramafic rocks in this region.


VI – VII Chapter 1: Introduction to the multilayer coatings 1 1.1 Multilayer coating for EUV lithography 3 1.2 Multilayer coating for EUV astronomy applications 4 1.3 Multilayer coating for EUV astronomy applications 6 1.4 Multilayer coating for reflection of EUV attosecond pulses 8 References 9 Chapter 2: General aspects related to the multilaye r coatings 13 interaction with radiations 2.1 Optical constants in the EUV spectral region 13 2.2 Reflection and transmission of a multilayer coa ting 14 2.3 Standing wave distribution of a multilayer coating 17 2.4 Multilayer structures design 18 2.4.1 Local optimizers 19 2.4.2 Global optimizers 20 2.4.3 The multilayer design approach 20 2.5 Multilayer fabrication 20 2.5.1 Deposition methods 20 2.5.2 Performance of multilayer systems 23 2.5.3 Substrates 23 2.5.4 References 24 Chapter 3: Innovative design of EUV Multilayer reflective coating 27 for improved spectral filtering in solar imaging 3.


This reflection paper reconstructs the normative contents for the concept of multiculturalism in order to clearly differentiate it from affirmative action. It aims at providing normative criteria for assessing current policies and designing some that conform to the ideals of multiculturalism. Accordingly, a conceptual analysis based on the comparison between multicultural affirmative action and intercultural policies is made. In the first part, the problems of intercultural education understood as an affirmative action are discussed, the second part proposes some normative criteria to support intercultural education policies that promote the values of Latin American interculturalism: justice, equality, respect, dialogue, and mutual learning between cultures. The main results highlight that educational policies based on affirmative action may lead to the assimilation of cultures subalternized by the dominant ones, or even encourage isolation between them, meanwhile intercultural education policies promote dialogue, respect, and coexistence between cultures in a context of equality.


The devastating Christchurch earthquake in February last year has heightened awareness of the vulnerability of businesses whose computer applications are both mission-critical and housed on computers in the same premises from which the business operates. Is cloud computing the answer? Bronwyn Howell observes that this too has a downside.


AIM
To study the chemical constituents of Ligularia dictyoneura.

METHODS
Various chromatographic techniques were used to separate and purify the compounds. Their spectral data (MS, IR, NMR) were measured for structure elucidation.

RESULTS
Four sesquiterpenes were isolated from Ligularia dictyoneura and their structures were identified as ligudicin A (1), ligudicin C (2), ligudicin D (3) and isopetasin (4).

CONCLUSION
Compound 1 is a new compound, compound 2 is a new natural product, and compounds 3 and 4 are obtained from Ligularia dictyoneura for the first time.


Recording and reproducing system (200) is configured from a recording system (300) reproduction system (350). Can recording system (300) reproduces the data in the middle of the content recording is performed based (350) is reproduced (simultaneous playback). That is, since the recording system (300) is recorded in the management area (331) as the reproduction system (350) can obtain its own recording process information as management data, reproduction system (350) reads the management data You can control the playback immediately by.


Molecular-beam epitaxy growth of 5 um emitting strain-compensated quantum semiconductor laser (QCL) is reported. The QCL structure is characterized by complementary techniques: high-resolution X-ray diffraction and dynamical secondary-ion mass-spectrometry, that reveal the high quality of QCL structure and in-depth distribution of chemical composition, respectively.


the conventional frame of Atlantic World history while making judicious selections from world history that supports the book 's main thesis. Up to chapter four, Strobel admirably manages to do this but toward the final chapter his narrative starts to lose its focus and meanders on when he describes the interactions between the European powers (the Portuguese and the Dutch, in particular) and the Asian empires — mainly, China. In other words, the author appears to struggle with finding a proper end point of the Global Atlantic at the turn of the twentieth century. Strobel also writes that ''culture contact'' and the ''encounter'' of peoples are ''central to this book '' but not many of these exchanges appear fully fleshed out (6). For instance, the author frequently refers to intermarriages between European, Muslim, or Chinese men (who were mostly traders or soldiers) with local Indigenous women and their mixed offspring, but Strobel stops short of examining further the issues of race, religion, and ethnicity arising from these unions. Instead, he often identifies racism as the main cause of violence between colonizers and colonized people at the expense of the nuances and complexities surrounding intercultural relations. Strobel, however, gives due emphasis on how the European invaders chose accommodation rather than subjugation or conquest as they cooperated with their African, American, and Asian counterparts in order to forge profitable trade relations or military alliances, clearly illustrating that the brute exercise of imperialism had rarely proved effective. Despite these shortcomings, The Global Atlantic indeed provides a sense of global scale and dimension to the Atlantic system. But Strobel's work probably will not convince the traditionalists of Atlantic World history who continue to privilege the Atlantic Ocean as the most important epicentre of the modern world system just yet. Of course, none of these issues would matter to students or general readers for whom this book is highly recommended.