Single crystals of Sr14-xCaxCu24O41 with dimensions on the order of 1×0.05×1.5 mm3 (x=0) and 0.3×0.05×2 mm3 (x=6.8) have been grown using NaCl as a flux. Anisotropic properties of the electrical resistivity and the thermoelectric power of these single crystals have also been investigated.


Professional morality, as already mentioned, consists primarily of such activities, the object of which is a person. Undoubtedly, unique situations, difficulties, and contradictions arise in working with people, which must be resolved and overcome in the


Most patients affected by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 — responsible for the Coronavirus disease, COVID-19 — remain asymptomatic or develop mild symptoms. Only a small percentage of cases develop a severe disease that may lead to a fatal outcome. Since the early reports published in the literature by Wuhan colleagues, we have learned that patients hospitalized for acute COVID-19 infection have different clinical and laboratory pictures of coagulopathy. In particular, a marked increase in blood clotting capacity has been reported in most hospitalized patients – COVID-19-associated coagulopathy, CAC – which in turn increases the risk of developing thrombotic complications. The main pathophysiological mechanisms underlying this hypercoagulable state are inflammation, endothelial damage, hypofibrinolysis and hypoxemia. Traditional coagulation tests fail to fully characterize the nature and severity of COVID-19-associated hypercoagulability (CAH). Hence the need for functional coagulation assays (i.e. tromboelastometry/graphy, thrombin generation, platelet function test) and circulating extracellular vesicles to better understand these peculiar conditions. Moreover, it would be very helpful to use these tests to identify patients at increased risk of developing thrombotic complications or with a worse prognosis as well as to ascertain the effectiveness of the anticoagulant treatment. The aim of our narrative review was to describe the main pathophysiologic mechanisms of CAH and to summarize the current knowledge on functional coagulation assays and extracellular vesicles tests in CAH.


Direct numerical simulation(DNS) and Lagrangian particle-tracking approach were employed to simulate the interaction of particles and vortices in a flat-plate boundary layer.Simulated results showed the evolution of hairpin vortex induced by a hemispherical roughness element along the plate? Heavy particles with small inertia concentrate in the upper fringe of the low-pressure zone behind the hemisphere,hinder the process of vorticity concentration,and finally depress the shedding of hairpins effectively.Simulated results also proved that ejection and sweep events dominate the transport of particles in the boundary layer,and in the near-wall region,sweeps show stronger ability of transporting particles than ejections.


Objective To evaluate the changes in peripheral lymphocyte subsets by flow cytometry of PFC regimen in the treatment of 47 patients with advanced gastric cancer.Methods A total of forty-seven patients with a pathologic enrolled in the study.The patients were treated with paclitaxel 50 mg/m~(2)infusion for 3 h or day 1,8,15;on day 1 to 5 infused with 5-Fu 750 mg/m~(2)using an ambulatory pump;and cisplatin 20 mg/ m~(2) infusion on day 1 to 5 administrated in 28 day cycle.Every patient must be treated for two cycles then evaluated with the flow cytometry for T lymphocyte subsets,NK cell and CD19~(+).Results The expressive rates of CD4~(+),CD16+56~(+)and the ratio of CD4~(+)/CD8~(+) in peripherorl blood were higher in post-treatment patients than in pre-treatment samples(P0.05).No evident case of changes of CD3~(+),CD8~(+),CD19~(+) positive cell percentage were observed after chemotherapy(P0.05).Conclusion PFC regimen for advanced gastric cancer can activate patients immune function.


Utilisation of instrumentation within exposure therapy enables a client to get a continuous feedback on the function of client's autonomous nervous system. Thanks to that the person may increase cognitive control by his or her own autonomous nervous system reactions. By biofeedback In other words, the client gets information on possible maladaptive responses in real time and he/she can learn how to reacts adaptively.


Diaphragm monitoring relies on the measurement of trans diaphragmatic pressure (Pdi) during cervical magnetic stimulation (CMS). Specifically, twitch Pdi (Pditw) is measured using esophageal and gastric probes. Such probes are invasive and require a high level of expertise, and non-invasive methods to assess diaphragm function are necessary. Here we test how maximal diaphragm tissue velocity (Vdimax) is related to stimulation intensity and Pditw, during CMS. Ultrafast ultrasound of the diaphragm was performed in 13 healthy subjects at various intensity levels. We show that Vdimax is strongly related to stimulation intensity and Pditw, in all participants. Within-day reliability for Vdimax was strong and similar to that of Pditw. Our findings open prospects for the non-invasive monitoring of Pditw in clinical populations. Indeed, the relative changes in Pditw over time may be monitored by assessing the relative changes in Vdimax.


Neutrino masses provide evidence of lepton flavour violation, but no violation in the interactions among the charged leptons has been observed yet. Many models of Physics Beyond the Standard Model (BSM) predict Charged Lepton Flavour Violation (CLFV) in a wide spectrum of processes with rates in reach of upcoming experiments. The experimental searches that provide the current best limits on the CLFV searches are reviewed, with a particular emphasis on the muon-based experiments that give the most stringent constraints on BSM parameter space. The next generation of muon-based experiments (MEG-II, Mu2e, COMET, Mu3e) aim to reach improvements by many orders of magnitude w.r.t. the current best limits, thanks to several technological advancements. We review popular heavy BSM theories, and we present the calculations of the predicted CLFV branching ratios, focusing on the more sensitive $\mu\to e$ sector.


In this paper we estimate the effect of political volatility in Balkan transition economies on their FDI inflows. For transition economies unaffected by domestic and international instability, FDI inflows in the early 1990s were about 20 to 30% of those achieved by European market economies with similar economic characteristics. Progress with reforms and transition increased post-communist economies' ability to achieve their potential FDI inflows. The Balkan transition countries suffered additional shortage in FDI due to many barriers. However, we estimate than an important barrier is domestic and international volatility.


Learning analytics visualizations can empower teachers to keep track of student engagement and performance of hundreds of students. This paper starts with a brief review of learning analytics dashboard design and the user needs of instructors. A heuristic assessment of Canvas LMS course analytics dashboards identifies limitations of current visualizations and suggests the design of a multi-level heat map of student engagement and performance. The heat map is implemented using student trace data generated by 1000 students taking the 2015 information visualization course at IU. Data selection and preprocessing workflows and dashboard visualization design are detailed. We present results of a user study involving university instructors and discuss implications for design improvements. The paper concludes with a discussion of opportunities for learning analytics dashboard development and assessment.


Summary form only given. A silicon avalanche electron emitter array was fabricated using ultrashallow p-n junctions biased in the avalanche region. The devices were fabricated on a p/sup -/ epilayer grown on p/sup +/ substrates. The most promising applications include flat panel displays with high current density and brightness; an electron source for scientific instrumentation; and an electron source in microwave applications, which requires a long and thin rectilinear electron beam. >


SUMMARY: Lipid extracts were isolated from unripe and ripe banana pulp and peel and the fatty acid composition of the extracts was determined. Unsaturated acids, particularly linoleic and palmitoleic, decreased about 3-fold in the pulp while more than a 2-fold increase in stearic acid occurred. In general, unsaturated fatty acids decreased in both the pulp and peel during ripening. The peel contained almost 4 times more lipid than the pulp.


Abstract The second installment of a two‐paper series devoted to areas of the Chukchi Peninsula proposed for inclusion in an international "Bering Bridge"; protected natural area (see Polar Geography Vol. 20, No. 2, pp. 119–128) focuses on native vegetation communities associated with the region's hot and cold‐water springs. The floristic composition of the spring‐side plant communities is presented as an additional criterion that may be used in the process of selection of tracts most appropriate for inclusion in the special area. Various aspects of the vegetation are examined—spatial distribution, species composition, probable source region, and relationships based on size and cover density.


Wound healing and carcinogenesis are defined as complex, adaptive processes which are controlled by intricate communications between the host and the tissue microenvironment. A number of phenotypic similarities are shared by wounds and cancers in cellular signaling and gene expression. Radiotherapy is the second most effective modality of cancer treatment after surgery and can be used, either alone or in combination with chemotherapy. Recent findings suggest that radiotherapy apart from tumor cell death also rapidly and persistently modifies the tissue microenvironment. These modifications affect cell phenotype, tissue metabolism, bidirectional exchanges and signaling events between cells. The complex interactions between stromal cells and cancer cells are of immense interest and in The First Part of My Thesis, I tried to explore the crosstalk between stromal and carcinoma cells in response to radiotherapy by genetic modulation of the stroma and irradiation. We found that fibroblasts, irrespective of their RhoB status, do not modulate intrinsic radiosensitivity of TC-1 but produce diffusible factors able to modify tumor cell fate. Then we found that Wt and RhoB deficient fibroblasts stimulated TC-1 migration through distinct mechanisms respectively, TGF-β1 and MMP-mediated. We also found that co-irradiation of fibroblasts and TC-1 abrogated the pro-migratory phenotype by repression of TGF-β and MMP secretion. This result is highly relevant to the clinical situation and suggests that conversely to, the current view; irradiated stroma would not enhance carcinoma migration and could be manipulated to promote anti-tumor immune response. Secondly, our in vivo experiments, tends to confirm the in vitro data showing that irradiated tumor bed does not stimulate tumor growth and escape. Our results also challenges the view that irradiated stroma would promote migration of carcinoma cells as we show that independently from their genotype co-irradiation of fibroblasts and carcinoma cells repressed carcinoma cell migration and confirmations studies are currently performed in vivo. The Third Part of My Project, was dedicated to investigate the effect on CTC release after radiotherapy. Consistently with the results reported after surgery , the number of CTC increases in the blood stream after radiotherapy probably due to radiation-induced vascular injury induced or/and by EMT induction in tumor cells but these cells seemed to be entrapped into the cardiac cavity. The significance of these CTC to metastatic development is still under investigation but there is evidence for a metastasis-promoting effect of RT from animal studies.Thus the microenvironment can exert antagonist stimulatory or inhibitory effects on malignant cells.


In a cross-sectional study, one computes the association between exposures (in this case e-cigarette and cigarette use) and an outcome (in this case having had an acute myocardial infarction) among data observed at a fixed point in time. In this case the specific issue is whether the myocardial infarctions may have occurred before e-cigarette use. Rodu & Plurphanswat provided an alternative analysis of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) data set to one we published, that found an association between having had a myocardial infarction and ecigarette use. Their analysis selectively changes data for e-cigarette users who started using ecigarettes before their myocardial infarction, which is inappropriate in a cross-sectional study. Their inappropriate analysis led to the biologically implausible result that non-daily e-cigarette use was protective against myocardial infarction. A standard cross-sectional analysis that treats all exposure groups the same is the appropriate way to do such studies. Rodu & Plurphanswat's [1] re-analysis of our cross-sectional study of the association between e-cigarette and cigarette use and having had an acute myocardial infarction [2] does not follow standard epidemiological procedures for analysis of cross-sectional data. In a cross-sectional study, one computes the association between exposures (in this case ecigarette and cigarette use) and an outcome (in this case having had an acute myocardial infarction) among data observed at a fixed point in time. As we note in our paper, temporality and reverse causality (i.e. which event occurred first) are limitations in all crosssectional studies. In this case, the specific issue is whether the myocardial infarctions may have occurred before e-cigarette use. firstname.lastname@example.com. Author contributions Dharma N. Bhatta and Stanton A. Glantz: Conceptualization; methodology. Declaration of interests None. HHS Public Access Author manuscript Addiction. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2021 November 01. Published in final edited form as: Addiction. 2020 November ; 115(11): 2180–2182. doi:10.1111/add.15103. A uhor M anscript


Brain–computer interfaces (BCIs), also known as brain–machine interfaces (BMIs), are a group of experimental procedures in which an external sensor is used to provide information about a specific brain process in order to change the measured quantity. A BCI acquires signals from the brain of a human or an animal using any one or more of these sensors, then selects or extracts specific features of interest from the signal and converts and then translates these into artificial output that can act on the body or the outside world. A BCI may influence human performance by replacing, restoring, supplementing, or enhancing brain function. In this chapter, we discuss the extant research in terms of experimental work and neuroscience understanding of the application of BCIs and neurofeedback systems in influencing human performance in different brain functions, namely, action, perception, cognition, and emotion, in healthy individuals, expert performers, and patients.


This paper describes the proposed light rail transit (LRT) alternative currently under evaluation in the Airport to University West/East Corridor FEIS in Salt Lake City, Utah. The paper also contains a discussion of the regional and local planning context, the regional improvements under construction or study, the operating details of the proposed West/East LRT line, and describes the joint development opportunities existing in the corridor. It concludes with a review of the likely process from now on forward.


Field outbreaks of Kalanchoe lanceolata poisoning in cattle on a commercial farm in Zimbabwe are reported. The clinical signs and pathological lesions observed in field cases resembled those reproduced in an experimental cow and were consistent with acute cardiac glycoside poisoning.


In architectural design of a small or medium-sized scale project, various competition forms came to be adopted and the designer selection have greatly changed in recent years. The resident participation form is also transfigured to the creative participation. Designers need to explain the design intention to the resident or the parties concerned for understanding. Therefore, it needs a new method to represent the design idea, intention, and design proposal etc., both to the designers and the resident. By analysis of the designer's creative thinking in the planning stage of architectural design, we proposed a design creation model for design obeject modeling. It aims to provide a design support method for the conceptual stage of architectural design. This paper focus the discussion on design object modeling and representation. We also verify the effectiveness of the proposed model through an application example.


This paper describes an experimental study that was performed to determine the limiting factors on the power output in the closed cycle Electro-Hydro-Dynamic generator of small capacity. A corona discharge for producing unipolar charged particles used as the charging method. The experiment demonstrated that the corona method of charging was an efficient and effective means of producing unipolar charged particles. Four factors having an effect on the power output characteristics of EHD generator are discussed and examined experimentally, using methyl alcohol and kerosene as working fluides; a. The conversion length between attractor and collector. b. The corona current of Emitter. c. The flow velocity of working fluids. d. Load resistance. This results are as follows; 1) There in a critical value in conversion length for its maximum power output. 2) Power output increases almost linearly with corona current and flow velocity. 3) There is the critical value of load resistance producing a maximum power output. 4) Kerosene is known better working fluid than Methyl alochol in this EHD generator.


This report describes work performed by Energy Conversion Devices, Inc. (ECD) during this phase of this subcontract. ECD researchers have made significant progress in advancing the very high frequency (VHF), high-rate technology. They demonstrated that 8.0% stable efficiencies can be achieved for a-Si:H cells whose i-layers are prepared at rates near 10 {angstrom}/s using the VHF technique. Presently, there is not a great difference in the performance of a-Si:H cells made using the VHF technique and i-layer deposition rates near 10 {angstrom}/s and that for cells made using the standard 13.56 MHz technique and rates near 1 {angstrom}/s in the same deposition system. In terms of the a-SiGe:H cells, researchers have completed a number of studies of devices with properties appropriate for middle-junction cells-that is, cells without Ag/ZnO back-reflectors having Voc values near 0.75V and Jsc values near 8.0 mA/cm{sup 2} when measured using AM1.5 light filtered using a 530-nm, low-band-pass filter. The stabilized proper ties for these cells prepared at i-layer rates near 10 {angstrom}/s are again similar to a-SiGe:H cells made using the same deposition hardware and the low-rate 13.56 MHz method. Establishing an initial 10.5% for a triple-junction cell whose i-layers are prepared at the high rates sets the baseline for ECD's future studies. The triple-junction cell degradation (10%--13%) with prolonged light soaking is similar to that regularly obtained for cells prepared at low i-layer deposition rates (1 {angstrom}/s). This is important because the use of high-rate methods to prepare i-layers typically leads to less-stable materials and cells. Increasing the buffer-layer deposition rate to 6 {angstrom}/s leads to nearly a 15-min decrease in the total deposition time, whereas the increase in the n-layer and p-layer deposition rates both decrease the total time by 5 and 5.8 min, respectively. Thus, besides the i-layer growth rates, increasing the buffer layer growth rate has the strongest effect on the deposition time of the triple-junction semiconductor structures.


Introduction: French tax legislation contains a large number of terms denoting the terms "tax" and "taxation". The problem of choosing and defining all the terms used in this meaning, and all its characteristics, which are highlighted by the authors of this study, predetermined its relevance. The main objective of the article is to study and analyze the terms of tax payments. Methods: The methodological basis of this study is the analysis of definitions or components of terms, which involves the selection of the main concepts of the studied area and the definition of the features of their use. Results: Based on the analysis of the definitions of the terms of tax payments, it is argued that, despite their use in one area, most of these concepts have distinctive features in their meaning, which are distinguished by the authors of this study, and cannot be replaced by other terms. Conclusions: Despite the variety of terms of tax payments, which at first glance seem to be homogeneous and interchangeable, the authors revealed incompatibility in their definition and, consequently, a different context for their use, which explains the existence of various names of tax payments in French tax law.


The SO2 density intelligent detection is completed using AT89S52 as the core and the electrochemistry SO2 sensor.The hardware design and software program of SO2 density intelligent detector are implemented.This detector can online detect SO2 and analyze the result.This detector has advantages of accurate and reliable and it can be widely used in Industry and Mining Enterprises and atmospheric SO2 density detection.


Diphtheria toxin repressor (DtxR) binds to approximately 30 to 35-bp regions containing an interrupted 9-bp inverted repeat within a 19-bp core sequence. The core sequence is fairly conserved and critical for DtxR binding. The flanking regions that are consisted of 5 to 8 more of nucleotides from the core are also required for DtxR binding. The nucleotides in both flanking regions are A-T rich. To examine whether the A-T nucleotides in both flanking regions from the core have significant roles for DtxR binding, a DNA fragment was constructed based on the diphtheria tox promoter/operator, and DNA fragments with substitution of A and T nucleotides in the flanking regions to G and C were also constructed. To assess the effect of these substitutions on binding of DtxR and repressibility by DtxR, β-galactosidase activity from lacZ fused to the region was assessed. Gel mobility shift of the region by purified DtxR was also examined. The DNA fragments containing the mutations in the flanking regions still exhibited repression and mobility shift with DtxR. The core segment with the mutation is still, therefore, recognized by DtxR. Nonetheless, the results from the assays indicated that the substitution significantly decreased repression of the operator by DtxR in vivo under high-iron condition and decreased binding of DtxR to the operator. These results suggest that A and T nucleotides for both flanking regions are preferred for the binding of DtxR.


SPONTANEOUS closure of ventricular septal defects, which was first postulated on the basis of changing clinical findings in 19181 2 3 and first demonstrated by serial cardiac-catheterization studies in 1957,4 has now been documented as occurring during infancy,5 6 7 childhood,7 8 9 and adulthood.10 11 12 13 14 Medical management of ventricular septal defects during infancy is usually recommended since even large defects associated with large left-to-right shunts and congestive heart failure have been observed to undergo spontaneous functional closure.4 5 6 7 , 15 Delayed spontaneous closure of patent ductus arteriosus has also been reported in premature babies,16 , 17 children18 19 20 21 22 23 and adults.20 , 24 In premature babies with large ductal shunts and congestive heart failure it . . .


Objective:To investigate the status of occupation tension and quality of life of teachers in medical colleges in Shenyang.Method:A total of 293 teachers from different medical colleges in Shenyang had selected by group.They were asked to fill out occupational stress inventory-revised(OSI-R)and 36 short form health survey(SF-36).Results: The scores of personal strain questionnaire(PSQ)of the stuffs under 35,female teachers were significant higher than that of the old and male(P0.05).Higher education degree the teacher had,higher scores of PSQ he got.And there was significantly correlation between PSQ and Quality of life(P0.01).Conclusion: Occupational stress is closely related with the quality of life.To improve the professional level of young teachers and to decrease the personal strain are helpful to improve the quality of life of teachers.


Objective To reveal the HA protein can cause acute immune injury of the molecular mechanisms of signal transduction and key molecular target,in order to lay the foundation for the development of innovative drugs.Methods RT-PCR detection and inhibition experiments.Results Different concentrations of HA protein to stimulate A549 cells after 1h both IRF-1 and IP10 gene expression levels increased dose-effect relationship.Conclusion JAK3 molecules are HA protein,triggering the early immune response to a key signaling molecule in inflammation.


Some conditions of the tensions of wire-driven parallel mechanisms are pointed out and a new method for tension distribution is presented.In this method the tensions are divided into two parts:effective ones,which are not smaller than zero,and noneffective ones,which are not smaller than a given positive,so the tensions are not smaller than the given positive.The method is illustrated by two degrees of freedom wire-driven parallel mechanisms and verified by simulations.


Globally IBD is most prevalent in Europe and North America, and in recent years there has been an increase in incidence in people of South Asian origin living in these countries. However, little is known about their experience of the condition. This is of concern because it has been known for some time that minority ethnic groups with a range of health conditions encounter barriers to accessing acceptable health and other support services. The aim of the LISA Project was to describe what living with IBD is like for South Asian adults, and to understand whether ethnicity impacts on this experience and, if so, how.


The availability of potent and broad-spectrum sunscreens can protect the skin from harmful effects induced by UV radiation. Aside from avoiding sunburn, modern-day sunscreen also has the potential to prevent skin cancer and slow photoaging, if it is used appropriately. This article traces through the evolution of sunscreens and highlights the clinical benefits, specifically in preventing skin cancers. Besides improved UV filter technology, development of UVA assessment methods and the regulatory standards are instrumental in the advancement of sunscreen efficacy. Lastly, compliance remains the most crucial factor for optimal sun protection. Sunscreen is often applied in too little amount, too late or not at all. Compliance may not improve if users do not change their behaviors and habits.


State-of-the-art camera based inspection systems for automatic tile sorting do a good job in reducing personal costs and in assuring a constant quality shipped to the customer. The large amount of data about the quality of the production process which they generate simultaneously comes however too late in order to improve the already completed process. A new family of small and low-cost vision systems is presented, which operate before the kiln to monitor the quality of the production process at the press and at the decoration. They generate immediate alarms in case of process drifts and thus prevent the un-noticed production of large batches of poor quality products. They also can eject those tiles before they consume precious production capacity just to be eliminated anyway after the kiln.


EGSB combined with biological contact oxidation process was applied to the treatment of brewery wastewater in China Resources Snow Breweries(Heilongjiang Province) Co.,Ltd.After 4 months' debugging,the system operations were stable and reliable with full load,and all effluent qualities were much better than the Discharge Standard of Pollutants for Beer Industry(GB19821-2005).The removal rates of COD,BOD5,SS,NH3-N and TP reached 98.1%,98.5%,95.4%,82% and 86.7%,respectively.


Abstract Interventions to improve nursing home care have been developed and tested. However readily disseminated interventions are lacking. Barriers include low staffing levels contributing to limited time for education and high turnover of direct care and administrative staff. Educational interventions must be accessible to accommodate busy staff. Meaningful outcome measures are needed and interventions must fit varied nursing home sizes, ownership, resident population, and regions. Changing Talk Online (CHATO) was adapted from the effective, yet time-intensive, Changing Talk program addressing nursing home staff communication. The original classroom-based program significantly improved staff communication with residents and resulted in subsequent reductions in resident behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia. Strategies for marketing and recruiting nursing homes and to engage administrators and staff will be discussed as implemented in the Changing Talk Online (CHATO) R61 trial. Approaches addressing unique nursing home challenges to implementation are essential for successful dissemination to improve care.


One of the principal objectives of this photovoltaic mission analysis effort has been to identify and evaluate applications for photovoltaic solar energy conversion that could lead to significant contributions to the national energy supply and that would provide attractive opportunities for application experiments aimed at stimulating the adoption of photovoltaic technology. The scope of the study has included applications both for electric-only photovoltaic (PV) systems and for photovoltaic total energy systems (PTES), i.e., systems that provide both photovoltaic electricity and solar thermal energy to meet all or part of the energy demand at a single load point or a group of related load points. In either case, both flat-plate and concentrating systems have been considered and it has been assumed that the thermal energy is collected in and transported by the fluid used in an active cooling system for the photovoltaic cells. Because the efficiency of photovoltaic devices decreases rapidly with increasing temperature and because the operational lifetime of such devices is reduced by prolonged operation at elevated temperatures, a practical upper limit of about 200/sup 0/C (400/sup 0/F) was assumed for the temperature at which arrays can be allowed to be operated. This limitation, in turn, places an uppermore » bound on the temperature at which solar thermal energy is available in PTES applications. An initial screening aimed at identifying the most promising applications has therefore been required, with the expectation that detailed evaluation will be made of only the higher-ranking candidates. A description of the screening procedure that was adopted and a discussion of the results are presented.« less


The article analyzes a Turkish fairy tale (The Stag-Prince) of the ATU 450 Brother and Sister taletype via the CENTERPERIPHERY image schema and certain related conceptual metaphors. It is demonstrated that the CENTERPERIPHERY image schema (and respective conceptual metaphors) constructs the space and basic meaning of the fairy tale. Also, a parallel has been made between the realization of the CENTERPERIPHERY image schema in the tale and the socio-political reality of the Ottoman Empire, the centerperiphery polity model in particular. Author information: Delyana Dimitrova Senior Lecturer at Konstantin Preslavsky – University of Shumen Department of Germanistics  firstname.lastname@example.com  Bulgaria


Summary Global marketing management needs to be implemented based on valid, i.e. reliable, timely, verifiable and high-quality marketing information, which will enable valid decision-making in global business operations. The efficiency and effectiveness of decision-making is directly related to considering the comprehensive state of the chosen segment(s) of the global market. Informational completion of the picture of a market requires devising and implementing a large number of activities set in a logical sequence. Practical experience has shown that decision-making in managing global business activities of affirmed companies is based on accumulated knowledge and is regarded as a specific form of creativity, unlike operationalization and supervision, which are mostly organizational and technical issues. Bearing this in mind, the informational basis in the operation of global companies should be viewed in accordance with its significance and function in global marketing management.


The toilet,as a basic sanitation facility in daily life,is an important symbol of social change and civilization progress.To accelerate rural toilet transformation is an important part of the rural civilization and the New Countryside Construction,it is thus necessary to strengthen and guide relevant work.


Energy metabolism is at the crossroad of cell function and dysfunction. Cardiac and skeletal muscle cells whose energy metabolism is high, fluctuating and adaptable to the special needs of the body have developed sophisticated strategies for synthesizing, transferring and utilizing energy in accordance with the needs of the body. Adaptation to endurance training mainly involves energetic remodelling in skeletal muscle but less is known for the cardiac muscle. Alterations in energy metabolism participate in many pathophysiological processes among which heart failure. Because endurance training improves symptoms and quality of life and decreases mortality rate and hospitalization, it is increasingly recognized as a beneficial practice for heart failure patients. The mechanisms involved in the beneficial effects of exercise training are far from being understood. Proper evaluation of these mechanisms is thus a major health issue for populations leaving in industrialized countries. This review mainly focuses on oxidative metabolism and intracellular energy transfer in muscles and heart, their alterations in heart failure and effects of endurance exercise training. It has long been known that the energetic characteristics of muscle cells are not uniform but adapted to the specific requirements of a given muscle. Schematically, two extreme metabolic patterns have been defined. Fast skeletal muscle fibers mainly rely on quickly mobilisable energy sources to develop strong and fast contractions but this is possible only for short periods of time because of limited cellular metabolic reserves (mainly phosphocreatine (PCr) and glycogen). These muscles are quickly fatigable and exhibit delayed recovery of their energy reserves through anaerobic glycolysis and less importantly mitochondrial oxidations. Slow muscles, on the contrary develop lower contractile force but are able to maintain long-term contractile activity because they rely on oxidative phosphorylations. They should have accurate adjustment of energy production to energy consumption. Creatine kinase (CK) and other phosphotransfer kinases (like myokinase) participate in energy shuttling within cardiac and skeletal muscle cells (reviewed in (Ventura-Clapier et al. 1998;Saks et al. 2006)). CK isoenzymes are located on sites of energy production (mitochondria or glycolytic complexes) and utilization (myosin and sarcoplasmic reticulum ATPases), ensuring fast and efficient energy transfer to ATPases, and signal transfer to energy producing sites. Mitochondria can themselves directly support myofibrillar/SR-calcium ATPase function as efficiently as the bound CK system, and much better than cytosolic ATP alone (Kaasik et al. 2001;Saks et al. 2001). This indicates that a localized crosstalk between energy producing and energy consuming sites in the cardiac …


Although some studies of Congress have employed aggregate-level ideological measures to characterize the outlier tendencies of congressional committees, such measures cannot reveal intracommittee variation in the propensity for disagreement between committees and the floor. In this analysis, we examine differences in voting behavior between members of the committee to which bills were initially referred and the House in the 96th and 104th Congresses. We demonstrate that significant variation occurs both within and among committees, and divergence is at times quite high among some committees not traditionally considered outliers. In the multivariate analysis, we discover that many vote-level factors significantly influence the degree of committee-floor divergence, and a considerable range of variation is evident in the level of divergence across committees. We also find that the number of committees exhibiting divergent behavior, the degree of this divergence, and the breakdown between the parties differs dramatically between the two periods.


This submission consists of three case incidents or vignettes with a focus on decisions rather than details. The paper includes original cases, case questions and reviews of those questions for the instructor. The common perspective of government, business and social responsibility unites these cases. The first case begins with the cable TV industry and ends with public education. It examines the relationship between government and business in these two distinct environments. The second case concerns Burroughs-Wellcome and its pricing of the anti-aids drug AZT. Protesters complained that the price of the drug was too high for many people to afford and picketed the company, which insisted that it was only doing its job and making a profit. The third case is an environmental case which serves as a platform to investigate the relation between government and business in a commons situation.


the risk of pregnancy. On the other hand, a woman with mild focal glomerular disease may have two or three successful pregnancies under supervision without apparent ill-effect. One cannot be dogmatic about the outcome of any particular pregnancy. At this stage, we have only broad general principles to guide us. Diffuse glomerular disease is more serious for mother and foetus than focal glomerular disease. Hypertension complicating renal disease may be a serious development and if severe, may require immediate termination of pregnancy. A pregnancy may be successful in spite of serious impairment of renal function but further impairment usually occurs during pregnancy and this may be sudden and of very serious significance for the mother.


Recent examples come quickly to mind: * $100 million from the Lieber family to fund the Lieber Institute for Brain Development at Johns Hopkins University * $300 million from Microsoft cofounder Paul G. Allen to create the Allen Institute for Brain Science * $650 million from Ted Stanley for the Stanley Center at the Broad Institute. Such generosity is cause for celebration by psychiatrists and their long-suffering patients who are disabled by a brain disorder. Private money supplements research funding by the National Institutes of Health and will bolster the war against mental illness, (1) which costs >$300 billion annually (Box,2 page 12) . Although philanthropy will help, many needs in psychiatry are unmet, and not all can be addressed with money. Consider a number of areas of need. Unmet clinical needs Models of disease. Psychiatry is in desperate need of an objective, valid diagnostic system that transcends the DSM model of symptom clusters. The Research Domain Criteria (3) represents the effort to find an alternative. To achieve that goal, it's necessary to identify biomarkers and establish their utility--a task that requires a huge amount of funding. [ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] Therapeutics. Clinicians are hungry for innovative, safe pharmaceuticals and non-drug treatments that modify disease, not just alleviate symptoms. Obsessive-compulsive disorder always has lacked such therapies; so have dementia, schizophrenia, personality disorders, dissociative disorders, and sexual pathologies. In fact, >80% of DSM disorders do not have an FDA-approved, evidence-based treatment,4 and many available medications are only partially efficacious, poorly tolerated, or unsafe. There are more unmet needs in therapeutics: * Development of promising nondrug therapies, such as neuromodulation, proceeds slowly. * Research into neurobiological mechanisms of psychotherapy is in its infancy. * A foolproof method to monitor adherence does not exist, and countless patients relapse needlessly and deteriorate functionally. * Effective, evidence-based rehabilitation for serious psychiatric disorders is used narrowly and vastly underfunded. * Insurers continue to thumb their nose at laws that require parity for treating mental illness--thus impeding access to, delaying, or truncating psychiatric care. Unmet scientific needs Translational investigators. Despite increased funding for basic neuroscientific study and breathtaking discoveries in animal molecular neurobiology, a trickle of findings has been applied to clinical medicine. This translational gap has many causes, including a shortage of translational neuroscientists (MD-PhD psychiatrists and neurologists), insufficient long-term funding to develop such clinician-researchers, and complex regulatory oversight of human research. Stalled progress in drug development. Development of novel-mechanism therapeutics for brain disorders is languishing. Some pharmaceutical manufacturers have abandoned the development of drugs that act on the CNS in favor of less complex, more lucrative areas such as oncology and cardiology; others have reduced their investment in CNS products. Developing treatments for knotty disorders of the most coin- plex structure in the known universe requires mammoth investment. Why are stakeholders bailing out on the greatest challenge for science and medicine for easier endeavors? Discovering new genes for every devastating neuropsychiatric syndrome, such as schizophrenia, is cause for celebration, but the champagne won't flow until the coding of every gene is unscrambled so that specific biological interventions can be developed. The cost of the chase might be orders of magnitude greater than what is invested in research today. Conceptualizing new models of brain disorders is a critical part of scientific progress and an antidote to the inertia of perpetual group-think. …


Presented here are results of analyses of excavated skeletal material from the early modern period in Tartu, Estonia, for evidence of syphilis. Our understanding of the incidence of syphilis in Estonia, and the causes of its spread, are discussed. All of the skeletal samples that were positively identified for syphilis included evidence of bone lesions on the cranium. Percentages of remains with signs indicative of syphilis were found at a rate of 0.50%, which accords with a figure of 0.77% from Britain for the same period. Evidence presented suggests that syphilis was a problem not only in the metropolitan area of Tallinn, but also in the less populous cities of Estonia. It is concluded, given that the excavation sites represent different dates from the period, that syphilis was a significant health problem in early modern Tartu.


The basis of the article is the material of the author's dissertation research on the topic «The Evolution of the Architecture of Orthodox Churches and Complexes in the Period of Independence of Ukraine.» As the title indicates, the article deals with the results and analysis of interviewing modern sacred architects of Ukraine. The time of Ukraine's independence was selected as the boundaries of the study, since the country, freed from the Soviet anti-religious policy, got a chance to restore and create new Ukrainian principles, traditions and trends of sacred architecture. As part of the research, interviews were conducted with 21 working sacred architects in Ukraine, a questionnaire was prepared with questions to architects that touch on all the main topics from the beginning of a career and the first object to a personal design method and the future of Ukrainian temple construction. A detailed analysis of the results of the survey is presented in the article in the form of two schemes-tables. During the work on the article, for the first time, a list of architects was compiled by region, whose main or partial activity is related to the design and restoration of Orthodox churches and complexes in the territory of Independent Ukraine. As part of the interviews, some of the architects arranged tours of the author's objects during face-to-face meetings; field survey of these objects and photo-fixation were carried out, part of which is presented in the article in Figure 3. As a result of compiling an architectural portrait of each of the architects, the following stylistic principles of modern Orthodox churches and complexes of Independent Ukraine were deduced: direct imitation of classical architectural styles; interpretation of classical architectural styles; renewal of classic styles with modern materials and techniques; complete departure from classic styles; search for a new stylistic model of the Ukrainian temple. The impact of the work of sacred architects on the formation of modern Ukrainian architecture was also determined.


Aimed at the property of difficult-to-cut,multivariate orthogonal experiment of GH4169 is designed to investigate the influence law of difference cutting parameters in this paper,the THIRD WAVE AdvantEdge,the tool analysis software,is used to simulate milling processing.According to the different processing technology parameters of research,cutting force is used as the index to optimize the milling parameters,obtained the factors as rotate speed,cutting width,every tooth feeding and cutting depth influence cutting force.It provides a strong basis for efficient machining of GH4169.


Recent progress in machine learning has been ac-companied by the availability of large amount of data in many do-mains. The clinical domain is no exception, comprehensive patient information covering their whole treatment journeys is stored in Electronic Health Records (EHRs). Still, there is a strong heterogeneity among patients that is difficult to capture using standard supervised machine learning tools. Few-shot learning methods, developed for limited data regimes, are foremost trained to quickly adapt to new tasks. In the clinical setting a task is a patient, adapting to the task encompasses optimizing predictions for the patient at hand, and thus personalizing predictions. In this work, we utilize MAML, a meta-learning approach for few-shot learning, for personalizing models in a challenging setting. We assume patients' data to comprise a static part and a dynamic part. Our goal is to investigate how well models trained to quickly adapt to specific patients perform compared to models trained in a conventional manner in this setting. Additionally, we study how static patients' data can be leveraged to acquire personalized models early on, and how these models adapt as more dynamic data are available. Our experiments show that models learned by MAML do indeed make better predictions when adapted to specific patients, and that leveraging static attributes for personalization does lead to an improved performance at best and does not hurt performance at worst. Our findings suggest that few-shot learning has a promising potential in challenging clinical settings, where only limited information are available about patients and where personalized medicine is beneficial.


Background: Limb salvage surgery (LSS) is the current surgical standard for malignant bone tumors. The advancements in imaging, surgical techniques, chemotherapy, and biomedical engineering have made LSS oncologically safe and with improved functional outcome. In this retrospective study, we report our experience with LSS and perioperative chemotherapy for osteosarcoma in a tertiary cancer center in India. Materials and Methods: A total of 41 LSS were performed from January 2009 to January 2015. Perioperative chemotherapy was administered to all patients after histopathological confirmation of osteosarcoma. The functional outcome of the patients was evaluated using the musculoskeletal tumor society (MSTS) scoring system at regular intervals. Statistical analysis involved the use of descriptive and inferential statistics for data analysis. Kaplan–Meier method was used for calculating the recurrence free and overall survival (OS) and log-rank test for comparing survival functions. Spearman and Karl Pearson's methods were used for correlation analysis. Results: The mean age was 19.3 years (range, 8–49 years). Twenty-five (61%) patients were males. Thirty-six (88%) patients had conventional high-grade osteosarcoma. Five-year relapse-free survival and OS were 56.1% ± 7.8% (95% confidence interval [CI], 53.7–58.5) and 58.5% ± 7.7% (95% CI, 56.1–60.9), respectively. The mean MSTS scores at 1 year for tumors of the upper tibia and distal femur were 64 and 75.9, respectively. Patients with high rate of chemotherapy-induced tumor necrosis (>99%) had significantly better median OS (85.70 ± 8.22 months) compared to those with less (<99%) tumor necrosis (58.15 ± 11.77 months), P = 0.030. Conclusion: The oncological and functional outcomes in osteosarcoma patients in the present study are comparable to those from the world literature. Chemotherapy-induced tumor necrosis is a favorable prognostic factor for patients treated for osteosarcoma with curative intent.


Cutaneous tuberculosis is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis . It comes in a variety of clinical forms depending on the route of arrival of the bacillus to the skin and the immune status of the patient. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has allowed enrolling in group TB skin entities before recognized as tuberculids; however often not available in developing countries in which the considerable incidence that tuberculosis has, it becomes a problem public health. We report 4 patients with different clinical forms of cutaneous tuberculosis (tuberculid papulonecrotic, scrofuloderma, tuberculosis verrucosa cutis and indurated erythema Bazin) receiving tuberculosis treatment according to national treatment regimen with a favorable evolution.


PURPOSE: To eliminate the influence of variance in time constant, temperature, etc., by accurately prescribing the operation time of a charge pump circuit which generates a high voltage at the time of data writing. CONSTITUTION: A memory part 20 is provided with an oscillation circuit 21 in addition to a block of an IF logic circuit 11, oscillation circuits 13-, and a memory access circuit 17. Further, the system is provided with 1st and 2nd voltage detecting circuits 22 and 23 which detects the voltage V dd of a power supply part 4 and the voltage V pp of the charge pump circuit 14. The oscillation control circuit 21 puts the oscillation circuit 13 in operation for a certain time according to the output of a command detection signal, etc., from the IF logic circuit 11 and the outputs of the voltage detecting circuits 22 and 23. Then the high voltage is generated on the basis of the oscillation output and used to write data in the memory cell 16 of the EEPROM in the memory part 20. COPYRIGHT: (C)1993,JPO&Japio


Branching ratios of {ital J}/{psi} decays into {omega}{pi}{sup 0},{omega}{eta},{omega}{eta}{prime},{rho}{eta},{rho}{eta}{prime},{phi}{eta},{phi}{eta}{prime}, and {ital K}{sup *}(892){bar K}+charge conjugate are measured from the 8.6{times}10{sup 6} {ital J}/{psi}'s produced by the DM2 experiment at the Orsay {ital e}{sup +}{ital e}{sup {minus}} storage ring DCI. The {eta} and {eta}{prime} mesons are found consistent with a {ital q{bar q}} structure and a mixing angle {theta}{sub {ital P}}=({minus}19.1{plus minus}1.4){degree}.


A generalized component modal analytical method for space mega frames of super tall buildings is developed. The components used herein are not the actual components, but they are conceptual ones. They are actually the nodal lines employed to discretize the computational model of the structure, a three dimensional model with continuously distributed mass and stiffness. One‐variable functions defined on the nodal lines selected by the analyst are unknown functions (eigenfunctions) employed to describe the behavior of the model. By a Hamiltonian principle, the governing equations of the modal analysis can be obtained, which are a set of Ordinary Differential Equations (ODE) of the eigenfunctions with their corresponding boundary conditions. The desired eigenvalues and corresponding eigenfunctions (eigenmode) can be obtained by numerically solving the system of ODEs with boundary conditions. The method is applied to the space‐mega‐frame system of super tall buildings. The results from the illustration example...


The present communication documents dystocia due to congenital fetal goitre and birth of two kids with bilateral enlarged thyroid glands, edema and hairlessness.


Environmental Education through schools can be a valuable tool for more sustainable foodproduction. This link can be strengthened if it is associated with the implantation of productivespaces in schools. The objective of this was to establish a garden with agroecological practices,as an environmental education tool for elementary school students, at the Sao JoseMunicipal School, in the municipality of Rio Pomba / MG. The methodology used was the participativeone, involving, with agroecological practices for the implantation of the beds, focusedon environmental education and food safety. The activities were divided between rooms, forplanting workshops, production of seedlings, cultural treatments, harvesting and preparationof these foods in the snack. The garden presented itself as a space capable of promoting, environmentaleducation, learning about the production and consumption of healthy and qualityfood; A sustainable and possible alternative in small spaces.


In this paper,influences of water content,thickness and pressure of wood on gas permeability of Populus tomentosa were discussed by using self-made equipments.The result indicated: the experimental equipments were reasonable structurally,and good measurement precision,convenient in use and suitable for requests of measurement;in the moisture absorption range,gas permeability of wood was negative conic with water content,and was biggest when water content was about 10%;gas permeability of wood increased as pressure increased,and showed a going up beeline trend;gas permeability of wood decreased as thickness increased,and showed a cutting down exponent trend;among factors discussed,influences of wood water content and thickness on gas permeability were significant.


Phthalate Esters (PAEs) are widely used as non-reactive additives in plastics, particularly polyvinyl chloride, but also in rubber, cellulose and styrene production, to improve their softness and flexibility. As PAEs do not chemically bind in the polymeric matrix, they can enter the environment directly or indirectly, during the production of plastic and plastic material. However, in India, where industrialization and urbanization have proceeded rapidly during the past decades and the potential associated increase in PAEs input is of concern, no information on the environmental distribution of PAEs is available and there are no regulations exists in India. Hence, in the present study, phthalate esters were monitored in the CETP treating the wastewaters generated from heterogeneous cluster of 175 industries. The results indicated that the CETP is performing well as per the prescribed norms set by the regulator authority. But the treated wastewater shows the presence of phthalate esters in micro-quantity. There are total five different phthalate esters were detected in the inlet and outlet of the CETP treating the wastewaters receiving from heterogeneous industries. After treatment the wastewater are applied to the soils to grow the plants for High Rate Transpiration system. There is an increasing trend of accumulation of these PAEs in the soils are observed. However, the monitoring parameter for the trace elements and compounds needs to be revised by the regulatory authorities. More emphasis should be given to the PAEs which are persistent and endocrine disrupters as well as carcinogenic.


DOCUMENT RESUME CG 005 497 Hall, Vernon C. Verbal Mediation in Paired Associate Learning for Boys from Different Social Classes. Syracuse Univ., N.Y. 69 13p. EDRS Price MF-$0.25 HC-$0.75 Association Tests, Associative Learning, Child Language, Cognitive Ability, *Cognitive Development, Cognitive Processes, Concept Formation, *Language Development, Learning Processes, gs-Mediation Theory, *Paired Associate Learning, *Serial Learning, Thought Processes, Verbal Development Clarification of one aspect of Jensen's model of cognitive abilities provided the impetus for this study. Jensen found that sentence construction as a mediator facilitated learning of paired associates, except when kindergarteners were used as subjects. The purpose of the present study is to determine whether the failure of the mediators to facilitate the performance of young children is due to the fact that they do not know what a "sentence" is, or because they are unable to "mediate" when mediators are provided. The influence of experiential factors in language development was measured by using children from two different social classes. Also studied is the ability to transfer mediation strategy. Subjects were 32 kindergarten boys randomly selected from a predominantly white lower class urban school and a middle class white suburban school. The testing procedures are extensively described. Results gleaned from the study suggest that: (1) a mediation condition was more facilitating for middle class subjects; (2) lower class subjects exhibited a different strategy in approaching learning problems and were less proficient in generating sentences: and (3) providing mediators for young subjects does affect the learning of paired associates. Further study is suggested. (TL)


The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between primary school pupils' physical activity and their functional capacity. Many people are unaware that health is the most important aspect of any person's life, and that it is closely associated with movement. In recent decades the number of obese people, children and adolescents has significantly increased. Furthermore, the modern lifestyle of children and young people increasingly lacks movement and participation in outdoor games, and it is prevailingly sedentary (TV, Internet, Play Station ...), which can have adverse effects on the development of children's abilities and skills as well as their health status. The present study included 80 third grade primary school pupils, 43 boys (mean age 9.30 ± 0.46 years) and 37 girls (mean age 9.29 ± 0.47 years). The pupils attended two primary schools in the town of Petrinja, namely the First Primary School and Primary School Dragutin Tadijanovic. The survey was conducted in the school year 2014/2015. The sample of variables consisted of anthropometric measures of body height, weight, upper arm skinfold, back skinfold, and abdominal skinfold. Functional abilities were measured with a 3-minute running test - F3, which is used to assess the level of pupils' functional ability at the primary education level in the Republic of Croatia. The level of physical activity was estimated with the PAQ- C questionnaire. Based on the obtained results, it is evident that, of the total sample, 60% of pupils have a normal percentage of body fat, while 40% of pupils have excessive body fat. The results of this study indicate a high percentage of pupils who are overweight. Functional capacity was inversely associated with obesity indicators, which means that pupils with high levels of functional capacity have a lower percentage of body fat. School age is the best time to stimulate and exert positive impact on children's growth and development, especially since the opportunities missed at that age cannot be compensated at later stages of life.


First let me thank you very much for inviting us to attend the conference. Digital Equipment Corporation formally opened its operation in Poland two weeks ago after having been absent here in the country for the last 10 years. Still I believe I am able to say that we are very popular as a computer systems and networks manufacturer, not only in industry but in the academic and research community.


Dendritic cells (DCs) are specialized myeloid cells with the ability to uptake, process, and present antigens to T lymphocytes; they also generate cytokine and chemokine gradients that regulate immune cell trafficking, activation, and function. DCs pulsed with tumor antigens have been used as a platform for therapeutic vaccination in cancer. In a broadly tested clinical application called a DC vaccine, autologous monocyte-derived DCs (moDCs) are isolated from a patient with cancer, exposed to tumor antigens ex vivo (antigen loading), and matured before reinfusion to the patient. However, in spite of significant development and testing, DC vaccines based on antigen-loaded moDCs have delivered mixed clinical results. The suboptimal performance of DC vaccines may be due to the use of moDCs - a heterogenous population of non-professional antigen-presenting cells - and the artificial nature of the procedure used to "load" selected tumor antigens on moDCs ex vivo. To address both issues, we developed a DC vaccine that uses a population of mouse or human DC progenitors (DCPs) engineered to produce immunostimulatory cytokines. While not involving antigen loading, the new DC platform outperformed antigen-loaded moDCs in mouse models of cancer. Engineered DCPs produced professional cDC1 and cCD2 in mice, reprogrammed the tumor microenvironment to a form characterized by broad IFNg signaling, and inhibited tumors, including autochthonous models, in an antigen-agnostic fashion. In one application, engineered DCPs synergized with antigen-specific CAR-T cells to eradicate gliomas in mice.
 Citation Format: Michele De Palma. Tumor agnostic dendritic cell vaccines. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr SY15-01.


BACKGROUND
In older adults declines in gait speed have been identified as predictors of functional decline and have been found in those with cognitive dysfunction. Cognitive training interventions that emphasize addressing executive function (EF) have resulted in a transfer effect from training cognitive processes into improved function. However research examining the effects of an EF specific computerized cognitive training (CCT) program on gait speed (GS) is limited.

OBJECTIVES
To compare the effects of a six week EF specific CCT program on GS in community dwelling older adults using a pretest/posttest experimental design with subgroup comparisons based on a cutoff GS of 1.0m/s.

SETTING
Home based.

PARTICIPANTS
Forty independent living older adults (>65 years) without diagnosed cognitive impairment participated in either the intervention or control groups.

INTERVENTION
A six week long progressively challenging EF focused CCT program was performed at home.

MEASUREMENTS
Demographic variables, cognitive function (Trail-Making Test Part B) and GS were measured at baseline at week 7. Between group comparisons were completed for the whole sample initially with subgroup comparisons performed based on participants' initial GS (Slow walkers: GS<1.0m/s; Fast Walkers: GS>1.0m/s).

RESULTS
No differences in GS were found for the whole population, but subgroup analyses restricted to slow walkers demonstrated a statistically significant improvement in GS after 6 weeks of CCT (µ =0.33 m/s, p = 0.03). Other outcomes measures were not statistically different at posttest.

CONCLUSIONS
Older adults who walk at speeds <1.0m/s may benefit from a progressively challenging CCT program when self-administered in the home.


Objective To analyse the distribution and evolution law of TCM syndrome for elderly hypertension (EH), to provide evidence for syndrome standardization study. Methods Case history of 2 029 EH patients during recent ten years were investigated in the way of epidemiology. The main and complicated syndrome types were studied. Results The main syndrome types of EH were yin deficiency of liver and kidney (40.0%), kidney qi deficiency (28.4%), hyperactivity of liver-yang (9.7%), excessive accumulation of phlegm-dampness (7.4%), collateral obstruction by blood stasis (6.6%), phlegm and blood stasis (5.7%), liver-fire hyperactivity (1.1%). The complicated syndrome types were liver-fire hyperactivity (26.5%), excessive accumulation of phlegm-dampness (9.6%), collateral obstruction by blood stasis (7.2%), phlegm and blood stasis (5.5%), kidney yin deficiency (3.7%). Conclusion The distribution of EH TCM syndrome is mainly about deficiency syndromes, in which kidney qi deficiency syndrome is very common, and mostly complicated with phlegm and blood.


With the increasing attention paid to English language and literature, how to effectively carry out fuzzy semantic translation has gradually raised consideration among researchers and relevant research institutions. This article focuses on the translation of fuzzy semantic in English language and literature, discusses the ambiguity of language, the characteristics and functions of fuzzy semantic, trying to explore and suggest a variety of practical translation methods, with the aim of contributing to the further study of language and literature.


A modified magnetic multipolar plasma source is developed and tested for application as an ion thruster for space propulsion. The configuration consists of eight samarium-cobalt bar-magnets, symmetrically surrounding a cylindrical discharge volume of 21 mm diameter, with their magnetization in the radial direction. A donut magnet is placed at one axial end of the discharge volume with its magnetization along the cylindrical axis. A short monopole antenna, coaxial with the donut magnet is used for launching microwaves in the discharge volume. The resulting magnetic configuration due to the radial and axial magnetic fields, help in generation and sustenance of microwave induced electron cyclotron resonance plasma. Ions are extracted from the plasma by high voltage grids, attached to the end, opposite to the donut magnet. Two different magnetic configurations obtained by reversing the magnetization direction of the donut magnet are compared. Three dimensional magnetic field simulations and ion saturation current measurements at various microwave frequencies are used to determine the optimum magnetic configuration. Ion beam current extraction measurements, using the grids is carried out. Typical ion beam current of 9.9 mA is obtained, with calculated thrust of 0.63 mN at 8 W for 1600 MHz, with a Xenon mass flow rate of 20 Pg/s.


The momentum relaxation time for intravalley acoustic phonon scattering of the conduction electrons in a two‐dimensional electron gas has been obtained under the condition of low temperature when the phonon energy cannot be neglected in comparison to the average thermal energy of the electrons and for that matter the equipartition approximation for the phonon distribution is not valid. The results for an n‐channel (100)‐oriented Si inversion layer are significantly different from what follows from the traditional theory. The temperature dependence of the mobility as obtained from the relaxation time calculated here is rather different from the traditional T−1L law.


The embodiment of the invention provides an immersion type cooling system, comprising an electronic device, a non-conductive medium and one or more air bags. The electronic device is immersed into the non-conductive medium, the non-conductive medium is used to radiate heat for the electronic device, and along with the temperature rising, the volume of the non-conductive medium expands. The wall surface of the air bag has an elasticity, the volume of the air bag is shrunk when being applied the extrusion brought by the volume expansion of the non-conductive medium to buffer an inner pressure rising of a system caused by the volume expansion of the non-conductive medium. By using the immersion type cooling system provided by the embodiment of the invention, the air bag is used to substitute a vent valve, so that the mounting is more agile, and the system cooling performance is improved further.


AsmGofer [12] is an advanced Abstract State Machine (ASM) [2] programming system. It is an extension of the functional programming language Gofer [9] which is similar to Haskell [14]. More precisely, AsmGofer introduces a notion of state and parallel updates into TkGofer [15] and TkGofer extends Gofer to support graphical user interfaces. AsmGofer has been used successfully for several applications. For instance, Java and the Java Virtual Machine [13], the Light Control Case Study [3], Simulating UML Statecharts [5]. In this document we introduce the AsmGofer programming environment. We assume basic knowledge in functional programming, like algebraic data types, functional expressions, and pattern matching. For an introduction into functional programming we refer the reader to [1, 16]. This document is not a reference manual for AsmGofer. In Section 1 we briefly explain the Gofer command line interface for loading, editing, and running examples. Section 2 and Section 3 introduce the notations and constructs for sequential and distributed ASMs in AsmGofer. In Section 4 we use sequential ASMs to define the well-known Game of Life example. For this example, we show in Section 5 how our GUI generator works, and in Section 6 we define a customized GUI for the game. Finally, Section 7 concludes this document with a summary.


The paper discusses the issues of legal regulation in the sphere of the blockchain technology use. Development of this technology has significantly changed the global cyberspace. Governments of all the world countries have to face the need to regulate this sphere, but as the blockchain technology is characterized by unprecedented abilities, most states remain at least alert to it. In this context, the issues of studying international experience in legal regulation of the blockchain technology become relevant for research. The goal of this study is to consider experience of different countries and international organizations in regulation of the blockchain technology. The paper presents the results of a study of the attitude towards blockchain technologies and their application by various international organizations, such as the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, the International Monetary Fund, the Eurasian Economic Union.The authors have developed a comprehensive methodology for revealing best practices of legal regulation of the blackchain technology use based on experience of the leading international organizations engaged in evaluation of the current practices of legal regulation in selected fields of economy. This methodology consists of four stages and is carried out in five directions: a general assessment of the effectiveness of legal norms, industry specificity, solving problems of using blockchain, assessing the risks of using blockchain, calculating the dynamics of indicators. Application of this methodology made it possible to evaluate the available experience of 47 countries and reveal 12 leaders of legal regulation of the blockchain technology. The obtained results may be used by concerned researchers from different countries for studying the world experience and building, on this basis, their own legal frameworks for spreading contemporary financial technologies.


Raman spectra of the liquid and gas phases are reported for various molten mixtures of SnCl2 and AlCl3. As in other chloroaluminate melts, AlCl4− and Al2Cl7− are the main species present in the liquid phase. However, the spectra indicate the presence of Al2Cl6; in addition, the splitting of the ν3 band and the location of the ν1 band (341 cm−1) observed for AlCl4−, are in favour of a strong Sn2+-AlCl4− interaction. A quantitative study of the main ν1 band ratios in the liquid allows an estimation of the equilibria between the three above-mentioned species and, consequently, the calculation of the activity of Al2Cl6. By following the intnsity of the ν2 Al2Cl6 band in the gas phase, a method for measuring the Al2Cl6 pressure has been developed. Because a phase separation occurs around 87% of Alcl3, Raoult's law has been reformulated and the Al2Cl6 activities measured from the liquid and gas phases are in very good agreement. A comparison of the acidity level with other chloroaluminate melts is also made.


The aim of the studies by Zeng et al. was to determine whether TACE-treated tumors have an increased expression of markers which are expressed in cancer stem cells, and whether these markers can be used to predict HCC recurrence. In a retrospective study, the authors used paraffin-embedded liver sections of explanted HCC liver tissues derived from patients who underwent liver transplantation. The study group was divided into a group of patients that were treated by TACE using doxorubicin and lipidol (n = 18) and into a group of patients who did not receive treatment prior to liver transplantation (n = 22). Liver sections were stained for CD44, CD90, CD133 and EpCAM and the staining intensity was scored. All markers were higher expressed in tumor cells, compared to the surrounding tissue. CD133 and EpCAM were higher expressed in the TACE vs. non-TACE group. Four/18 patients in the TACE group had tumor recurrence, all of them in EpCAM high patients (4/11); only one recurrence occurred in the non-TACE group.


A LTHOUGH WASHINGTON IRVING's best-known tales, "Rip Van Winkle" and "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow," have been interpreted from a number of points of view, critics have missed a significant dimension in the stories by failing to take into account a fundamental regional conflict-the mutual hostility between New York and New England-that appears not only in these two tales, but in other of Irving's works as well.' That the New York-New England conflict is basic to "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow" is obvious enough: Ichabod Crane is clearly a Connecticut Yankee invading-and threatening-a New York Dutch society. Less easily recognized, however, is that the same invasion seems to have occurred by the end of "Rip Van Winkle." The inn of Nicholas Vedder has been supplanted by the Union Hotel of one Jonathan Doolittle, a name identified elsewhere in Irving's works as that of a Yankee;2 "Bunker's Hill" is one of the rallying cries of the "lean, bilious-looking fellow" who harangues the crowd; and Dame Van Winkle has been defeated at last by the one type of person, presumably, that she cannot overcome, the Yankee peddler (XIX, 6667, 70) 1 Although Daniel G. Hoffman treats Ichabod Crane as a typical Yankee, he does not discuss the specific regional conflict. See "Irving's Use of American Folklore in 'The Legend of Sleepy Hollow,' " PMLA, LXVIII, 425-435 (June, I953), reprinted with minor alterations in Form and Fable in American Fiction (New York, I96I), pp. 83-96. Sara Puryear Rodes, in "Washington Irving's Use of Traditional Folklore," Newv York Folklore QuarterIYJ XIII, 3-15 (Spring, 1957), mentions the conflict in passing (p. 8). 2The name appears in a list of Yankees in the first three editions of Knickerbocker's History of New York (New York, I809), I, 220; (New York, I812), I, 227; (Philadelphia, I8I9), I, 253. It may conveniently be found in the modern reprint of the I809 edition edited by Stanley T. Williams and Tremaine McDowell (New York, 1927), P. i99; or in that of the I8I2 edition edited by Edwin T. Bowden (New York, I964), P. I8I. The name is omitted in the corresponding list of Yankees in the I848 revision as reprinted in the Hudson edition of Irving's Works (New York, 1902). See XI, 260. All subsequent citations of Irving's works are to volume and page numbers in the Hudson edition. (I am indebted to Mr. Lewis M. Stark, Rare Book Division, New York Public Library, for information concerning the third edition, and to Professor Bowden for information concerning his edition of the book.)


Throughout the first two parts of this book, we have examined the price to be paid for getting rid of any idea of something we call nature. This price is exorbitant, in the proper sense of the term: We have to get ourselves to exit any orbit, propelling ourselves into a stratosphere, one that is indeed much more imaginary than real, of an unbridled construction where humans are agents of mastery, into a stratosphere of limitless developments and technological monsters that should deserve our unconditional love. The absence of nature legitimizes the fantastic possibility of remaking the world in order to steer it, to be its pilot, to manage it; but the world, inevitably, withdraws from the human setting, leaving the latter alone—without nature and without a world....


In this paper various configurations of the bucket teeth have been designed in order to perform static analysis. The analysis has been carried out by using ANSYS14.5 where various configurations of teeth are designed as per SAE J1179 standard and using boundary condition for the maximum digging force condition all the design teeth are subject to maximum force. The effect of maximum digging force has been observed on maximum tooth deformation and Maximum Equivalent Von-Mises stress. In order to validate the obtained results are compared with the available literature and the results are within acceptable limit. Moreover, the effect of fillet on the teeth tip has been observed in terms of maximum total deformation and Von mises stresses. And the optimum condition of the fillet has been proposed for the all the configuration of the bucket teeth. Keywords—Bucket excavator, Bucket Teeth, Deformation, Failure teeth


This paper explains how to use Markov models for evaluating the availability and reliability of a system when the transition rates of each component depend on the state of the system. To this purpose, the structural properties of the system transition-rate matrix, obtained by the Kronecker sum of transition rate matrices of the components, are analyzed. As a result, an efficient use of the Markov model is possible by mapping the transition rates of the single components into the elements of the system transition-rate matrix. The potential of parallel computers can facilitate this approach, giving renewed interest to the Markov method for complex systems.


Deleuze's Logique de la sensation is not a canonical art historical interpretation of Francis Bacon's painting and even less an illustration of Deleuze's philosophy. It is better read as a prolegomena to a semiotics of plastic art in which the visual image is related to the dialectics of touch and vision. These issues feature strongly in the art theories of Alois Riegl, Wilhelm Worringer and Heinrich Wolfflin. This article presents a comparative approach to the relation between Deleuze's and these writers' conception of the image and attempts to answer the following questions: does a painting appeal strictly to the sense of vision? Does its structure point to a virtual haptic function of vision and if so, does painting overturn the stable hierarchy of senses with vision at the top? Is there a gradual relation between touch and vision? Reading Deleuze reading Riegl, Worringer and Wolfflin offers an occasion to reconsider the image as a tensive surface grasped with a touching eye and seeing hand.


The invention provides a sensor for measuring a torque angle. The sensor includes a magnet, a first stator, a second stator, a first collector, a second collector, and a magnetic sensing element. The first stator includes a first horizontal ring section located on a first plane, and a plurality of first teeth extended from the first horizontal ring section, the plurality of teeth located on a second plane. The second stator includes a second horizontal ring section located on the second plane, and a plurality of second teeth extended from the second horizontal ring section, the plurality of second teeth located on the second plane. The first collector is located proximate the first horizontal ring section and the second collector is located proximate the second horizontal ring section. The magnetic sensing element is magnetically coupled to the first collector the second collector.


This project present an innovative locomotion concept for rollgh terrain based
on six motorized wheels. Using rhombus configuration, this terrain rover has a
steering wheel in the front and the rear, and two wheels arranged on a bogie on each
side. The front wheel has a spring suspension to guarantee optimal ground contact of
all wheels at any time. The steering of the rover is realized by synchronizing the
steering of the front and rear wheels and the speed difference of the bogie wheels.
This allows for precision maneuvers and even turning on the spot with minimum
slippage. The use of parallel articulations for the front wheel and the bogies enables
to set a center of rotation at the level of or below the wheel axis. This insures
maximum stability and climbing abilities even for very low friction coefficients
between the wheel and the ground. A well structure prototype has been designed and
manufactured. The robot, measuring only about 66 cm in length and 23 cm in height,
is able to passively overcome obstacles of up to two times its wheel diameter and can
climb stairs with steps of over 10 cm.


Background : Total RNase activity in human serum is remarkably constant in healthy people but can increase dramatically under pathologic circumstances, e.g. as concomitant phenomenon


Despite being known for nearly two centuries, new specimens of the derived non-pterodactyloid pterosaur Rhamphorhynchus continue to be discovered and reveal new information about their anatomy and palaeobiology. Here we describe a specimen held in the collections of the Royal Tyrrell Museum of Palaeontology, Alberta, Canada that shows both preservation and impressions of soft tissues, and also preserves material interpreted as stomach contents of vertebrate remains and, uniquely, a putative coprolite. The specimen also preserves additional evidence for fibers in the uropatagium.


An electroholographic display based on diffraction-specific computation can reduce speckle by electronic diffusion through selective addition of a pseudorandom sequence. Intensity fluctuation as a result of the introduction of pseudorandom noise does not affect three-dimensional (3-D) images significantly since spatial windows formed by diffused basis fringes do not widen noticeably at low pseudorandom spread, whereas the features of the fluctuation are much smaller than human visual resolution. Experimental results obtained on the Massachusetts Institute of Technology holographic video system confirmed that the diffusion smooths 3-D images and improves the intensity nonuniformity among horizontal holographic lines.


The status of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) HIV/AIDS vaccine research is briefly summarized. To date, seventeen potential HIV vaccines have been tested in humans. In the last two years, HIV vaccine research funding from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) has increased thirty percent. NIH has also established the HIV/AIDS Vaccine Research Committee to develop a comprehensive vaccine research problem. In May, President Clinton gave this area of research a boost when he challenged private and public sectors here and abroad to develop an effective AIDS vaccine within ten years.


3 Dedication 4 Acknowledgments 5 List of Tables 10 List of Figures 11 List of Abbreviations 12 CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION 14 Teacher Self-Efficacy: A Powerful Construct Necessitating Further Research 16 Background and Conceptual Framework 19 Problem Statement 24 Purpose Statement 26 Research Question and Hypotheses 27 Identification of Key Variables 32 Definitions 41 Research Summary 42 CHAPTER TWO: REVIEW OF LITERATURE 43 Theoretical Framework: Social Cognitive Theory 43 Reciprocal Determinism 44 Human Agency 45 Self-efficacy 46 The Evolution of General Teacher Self-efficacy Research 49


Quantum mechanical Floquet theory, a powerful tool for the solution of Schrodinger equations with a periodically time-dependent Hamiltonian is formalized by the systematic usage of the Floquet Hilbert space, the Floquet density operator, Floquet detection operators, and of the Floquet Liouville space. A concise description is obtained that is useful in analytical calculations and for computer simulations. It is implemented in the context of the general computational environment 'GAMMA'. Simplified expressions are derived for single-axis and double-axis sample-spinning experiments in NMR.


L.H. Stallings, The Afterlives of Kathleen Collins: A Black Woman Filmmaker's Search for New Life (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2021), pp. x-212, ISBN 978-0-2530-5903-1 (pb), $25.00


This paper proposes a novel time-based method for determining the position of an IEEE 802.11g transmitter using multiple mutually synchronized 802.11g receivers. By means of baseband signal processing, the proposed algorithm obtains a high-resolution estimate of the time of arrival (TOA) of the long training sequence symbol at each receiver. An estimate of the position of the transmitter is obtained based on the estimation of the time differences of arrival (TDOA) of the symbols and the known fixed locations of the receivers. This paper investigates the effects of carrier and sampling clock offsets, in both frequency and phase, between nodes on the TOA and TDOA estimation error. In real-world experiments in a line of sight, low multipath indoor environment, the method was found to achieve mean errors of 42 cm per symbol for 1-D and 1.39 m per symbol for 2-D position estimation, for ranges of up to 25 m.


Abstract : The successful placement of concrete is dependent upon careful mixing, the proper equipment, and adequate transportation. This paper will define, analyze and demonstrate the importance of each in the overall process of placing concrete.


The aging of baby boomers is well underway, but envisioning future scenarios allows us to better plan for multiple challenges. In the fall of 2005, a spate of articles appeared in magazines and newspapers across the country under headlines that read something like: "First Boomers About to Turn 60!" This impending event, slated for January 1, 2006, was presented as startling news, but it shouldn't have been. Demographic factors are among the most predictable of trends: any living person who was 50 years old in 1996 would inevitably reach age 60 ten years later. Nor should there have been any news in the fact that a lot of Americans would begin turning age 60 in 2006. (When I looked for the first coverage about a spike in the post-World War II birthrate, I found a cover story of Newsweek called "The Boom in Babies: What It Means to America." The issue date was August 9, 1948.) Besides hyping a non-event, the articles that appeared in late 2005 offered little substantive analysis of the implications of the arrival of the baby boomers at later life. Frustrated with the dearth of serious attention to a truly important story, I developed an idea for a research project. The result was a year-long study, "Baby Boomers: The Next 20 Years," that I conducted with colleagues at the Institute for the Future (IFTF), a nonprofit research group in Palo Alto, California.1 The "map" inserted into this issue of Generations was the first product of this project. Now, as we approach the moment at which the first baby boomers reach age 65, it seems like a good time to give serious attention to the future of aging. From Predictions to Scenarios One of the first things I learned about futures thinking is that no one can make accurate predictions about the future, and that anyone who claims to do so is either deluded or a charlatan. But that does not mean it is impossible to think about the future in a disciplined and productive way. As Executive Director of IFTF Marina Gorbis explains in her contribution on page 12, the Institute was founded in 1968 by a group of established researchers who were interested in developing new methodologies for anticipating the future. Today, the Institute describes its mission as providing foresight about the future that leads to new insights that can guide effective action. If we cannot predict the future with any degree of confidence, then how can we provide foresight? The answer, developed and refined over many years, is to generate a set of scenarios- plausible stories about possible futures that are distinctly different from the present, and that provoke useful thinking about a current course of action for an individual, for an organization, or even for a state or nation. The following excerpt from recent report by the National Intelligence Council (2008) explains that scenarios: . . . do not attempt to predict the future based on linear extrapolations of the past. Scenarios do not seek to project the future. Instead, they focus on the identification of discontinuities and how these could potentially develop . . . over time. Scenario analysis allows us to anticipate future developments, and to evaluate strategies for responding to these events or conditions through an exploration of alternative futures.2 Some scenarios may be positive, even utopian; others may be distinctly dystopian. Much of futures thinking about population aging tends to fall into these two extremes: either a rosy future in which elders, aided by science, a robust economy, and sensible public policies are able to remain active, productive, and independent for much longer than previous generations; or a gloomy scenario that envisions a catastrophe in which a growing tide of demanding elders, compounded by a weak economy, growing health challenges, and ever-worsening ecological crises, puts an intolerable strain on our social institutions. (H. R. Moody, in his article on page 23, dramatizes these two extremes and considers the forces that may favor each of these alternatives. …


In addition to being the major citric acid cycle aconitase in Escherichia coli the aconitase B protein (AcnB) is also a post‐transcriptional regulator of gene expression. The AcnB proteins represent a distinct branch of the aconitase superfamily that possess a HEAT‐like domain (domain 5). The HEAT domains of other proteins are implicated in protein:protein interactions. Gel filtration analysis has now shown that cell‐free extracts contain high‐molecular‐weight species of AcnB. Furthermore, in vitro and in vivo protein interaction experiments have shown that AcnB forms homodimers. Addition of the iron chelator bipyridyl to cultures inhibited the dimer‐dependent readout from an AcnB bacterial two‐hybrid system. A similar response was observed with a catalytically inactive AcnB variant, AcnB(C769S), suggesting that the monomer–dimer transition is not mediated by the state of the AcnB iron–sulphur cluster. The iron‐responsive interacting unit was accordingly traced to the N‐terminal region (domains 4 and 5) of the AcnB protein, and not to domain 3 that houses the iron–sulphur cluster. Thus, it was shown that a polypeptide containing AcnB N‐terminal domains 5 and 4 (AcnB5‐4) interacts with a second AcnB5‐4 to form a homodimer. AcnB has recently been shown to initiate a regulatory cascade controlling flagella biosynthesis in Salmonella enterica by binding to the ftsH transcript and inhibiting the synthesis of the FtsH protease. A plasmid encoding AcnB5‐4 complemented the flagella‐deficient phenotype of a S. enterica acnB mutant, and the isolated AcnB5‐4 polypeptide specifically recognized and bound to the ftsH transcript. Thus, the N‐terminal region of AcnB is necessary and sufficient for promoting the formation of AcnB dimers and also for AcnB binding to target mRNA. Furthermore, the relative effects of iron on these processes provide a simple iron‐mediated dimerization mechanism for switching the AcnB protein between catalytic and regulatory roles.


Ihave been thinking lately and therein lies the problem: After all, this is the Problem Solving column. It seems so much easier to do something in education than think about why I'm doing it, or the implications of what I'm doing. I've been reading "special ed stuff (books and journals) which stimulate me to think. The pain from this understanding has been considerable because my reading gives way to thinking, which leads to fundamental disagreements. Suddenly, I'm beset with a fear of being left behind by a rapidly changing field. Suddenly, my own sixteen-year-old graduate school education seems obsolete. The choice is significant; hold the line on certain basic beliefs about special education and risk being thought of as an anachronism, or join up and proceed with the new wave. This wave is gathering greater momentum all the time. The consistency of recent textbooks and journal articles is overwhelming. What is being called for is a meiging of special education and regular education on every level of school function. First, let's not call the children anything, or if we do, let's just say they have school problems. If that doesn't suffice, call them exceptional, but not handicapped. Second, let's test anyone who is perceived as having a problem and test him long enough and deep enough to find it. Third, let's help the children to succeed in the curriculum, which may be completely different from helping him overcome his problem. As a matter of fact, his only problem is considered to be lack of success with the curriculum. Fourth, this is to occur primarily through the ministrations of regular classroom teachers, almost irrespective of severity (barring profound disabilities) and numbers of other children in the classroom. Fifth, the success of special education will be measured against the participatory ability of the student in the regular class, and in accordance with the need for minor or major modifications. Sixth, if the child can read and write and behave with some modicum of restraint, then not too much could be wrong with him. Seventh, a student who willfully rejects schoolwork and exhibits a lack of task performance tends not to be held responsible because he has a "problem." Eighth, gpod teaching practices will succeed with all children, but again, the criterion for success is regular class participation. Ninth, removal of children for special education purposes cannot be justified and represents an inconvenience to many of the participants, including children, and special and regular education teachers. Tenth, many children need help in school and special education has the techniques to provide this help. Nine and ten seem contradictory and they are. Finally, individualize, individualize, individualize. Many authors cite Dunn's 1968 article as the kick-off of the new wave. The article brought to consciousness the results of the so-called "efficacy" studies that had been conducted to determine effectiveness of special classes for the mildly retarded. These studies had substantial research design and methodological problems. For example, comparisons were made between existing groups. The mildly retarded children who were in regular classes were more likely to achieve higher and behave more appropriately because they were selected for those attributes in the first place. Also, the length of time pupils had spent in special classes prior to the comparison was not accounted for. Little or nothing was done to control the influences of curriculum, teacher experience, or special class differences. Finally, the validity and reliability of the instruments used to measure comparative variables were questionable. Regardless, Dunn used evidence from these studies to support the conclusion that mildly retarded children in regular classes performed academically as well as or better than mildly retarded children placed in self-contained special education classes. Although, the evidence for this conclusion was seriously flawed, it led to mainstreaming, least restrictive environment, and the current state of the art as reflected previously in this article. Perhaps, moral-ethical arguments would have been more to the point than the so-called research. However, Dunn's conclusion is misguided for a more important reason than the flawed evidence. There was a judgment that since the child was not being individualized in the special class, that he might as well be in the regular class among his normal peers. Had the child been educated properly in the special class, perhaps none of this would have happened. The major conclusion to be drawn from ineffective practices in special education is not placement in regular classrooms. It is to fix the ineffective special education practices. If we are not individualizing in special education, we had better change what we are doing. After all, it is mind boggling to think that a regular class teacher with thirty children is better able to individualize than a special class teacher with eight children. In 1971, MacMillan wrote, "The real issue is not whether special classes or regular classes are better for the mildly retarded, but rather the extent to which a wider range of individual differences can be accomodated in the regular class."


The large collection of thermophysical properties data for liquids available in the open literature is analyzed, describing its importance for industrial purposes. Although there has been a boom of thermophysical properties measurements for these fluids in the past decade, the reported analysis shows that studies have been centered on a limited number of fluids, whereas data collection for the new family ionic liquids is lacking. Measurements have been performed for limited temperature ranges, and pressure effects on the properties are extremely scarce in the literature; remarkable differences among data from different literature sources are reported. The need of sample purity quantification is analyzed together with the strong effect of these impurities on thermophysical properties. Available predictive models for the studied properties are analyzed together with the quality of their predictions. The main conclusion of this review is to point out the need of further systematic thermophysical studies, inc...