A large number of reinforced concrete (RC) frame st ructures built in earthquake-prone areas such as Ha iti are vulnerable to strong ground motions. Structures in developing countries need low-cost seismic retrofit solutions to reduce their vulnerability. This paper investiga es the feasibility of using masonry infill walls t o reduce deformations and damage caused by strong ground mot ions in brittle and weak RC frames designed only fo r gravity loads. A numerical experiment was conducted in which several idealized prototypes representing RC frame structures of school buildings damaged during the Port-au-Prince earthquake (Haiti, 2010) were strengthened by adding elements representing masonr y infill walls arranged in different configurations . Each configuration was characterized by the ratio Rm of the area of walls in the direction of the ground motion (in plan) installed in each story to the total floor ar ea. The numerical representations of these idealize d RC frame structures with different values of Rm were (hypothetically) subjected to three major eart hquakes with peak ground accelerations of approximately 0.5 g. The results of the non-linear dynamic response an alyses were summarized in tentative relationships between Rm and four parameters commonly used to characterize the seismic response of structures: interstory drift, P ark and Ang indexes of damage, and total amount of energy dissipated by the main frame. It was found that Rm=4% is a reasonable minimum design value for seismi c retrofitting purposes in cases in which available r esources are not sufficient to afford conventional retrofit measures.


Abstract: The paper is devoted to the problem of robust stability of positive linear discrete-time systems with delays in the case of structured perturbations of state matrices. Simple new necessary and sufficient conditions for robust stability in the general case and in the case of system with linear uncertainty structure are established for two sub-cases: 1) unity rank uncertainty structure, 2) non-negative perturbation matrices. It is shown that robust stability of the positive discrete-time linear system with delays is equivalent to: 1) robust stability of the corresponding positive system without delays of the same order as time-delay system in the general case, 2) asymptotic stability of finite family of the positive vertex systems without delays in the case of a linear unity rank uncertainty structure, 3) asymptotic stability of only one positive vertex system without delays – in the case of a linear uncertainty structure with non-negative perturbation matrices.


The article deals with dialectic attributes of translation categories of equivalence and adequacy; their denotations are analyzed; the fact of direct equivalents absence in any languages of translation is substantiated; examples of translational naturalism are provided. The automatism of "form vs. meaning" = "equivalence vs. adequacy" that enables to differentiate the form (system) and content (function) of text as a functioning object of translation. The functional aspect is represented by the antinomy "sense vs. content" complies with the aim (skopus) of translation. The functional approach can be used for translating realia especially when the translator tries to build up a strategy between borrowing the form of an untranslatable phenomenon and reproducing its meaning. Though the balance between the form and content must be kept, the adequacy meaning the reproduction of the content elements of the original text by means of the source language regarding the peculiarities of the target culture is of prime importance. The equivalence, which displays the quantitative aspect of translation, should not be an end in itself during translation and distort the meaning of the original text component and, therefore, the intention of the author, but rather to ensure the accuracy and semantic proximity of the registers compared.


We compare a simple ordinary least squares (OLS) with the maximum likelihood estimation of the Tobit I and Tobit II regression models, in the selected sample. We propose a new measure to quantify the performance of OLS.


At 7.45 am on 3 November 1948, Alfred Hirst, a railway repairer, discovered the body of an elderly Aboriginal man on the line at Horsham Station. Dr Basil Jones soon identified the body as that of Mulga Fred. The Adelaide Express had severed both legs of the deceased just above the ankles, and there were lacerations to the head and forearms. Death resulted from a fractured skull and shock from multiple injuries. First Constable John Slater reported that the deceased had no known relatives, no fixed address, and no property on his body, but readily identified him as Mulga Fred. His age was put at 74. Leonard Duffas, a railway assistant, saw the man known to him as Mulga Fred, alight from a Swan Hill train the previous evening. Mulga Fred inquired about the next train to Dimboola, and then headed for a meal. An hour later, Duffas saw Fred's swag on the waiting room floor with a half bottle of wine standing beside it. The assumption was that he had fallen from the platform while under the influence. Duffas reported that Fred smelt of liquor, although 'his walk was quite steady'. A half-eaten lolly was found near him and two more in his pocket.


Prime Minister Ariel Sharon, who initiated the Gaza Disengagement in December 2003 and executed it within days in August 2005, passed away on January 11, 2014. None of the eulogies ignored this unilateral move. Political analysts unequivocally considered the disengagement from Gaza and Northern Samaria as one of the central pillars of Sharon's legacy and a critical event in his biography. Much like Prime Ministers Menahem Begin, Yitzhak Rabin, and Ehud Barak before him, and Ehud Olmert after him, Sharon realized that the disassociation from the Palestinians and the creation of a two-state-for-two-people are for Israel absolute imperatives. They too understood that, from Israel's perspective, it is the only way to secure the Zionist vision of a democratic nation state for the Jewish people. The disengagement from the Gaza Strip and Northern Samaria was preceded by the May 2000 Lebanon withdrawal, which was carried out by Barak's government subsequent to the failure of American-led negotiations with Syria. Sharon had meticulously planned his Herzlyiah Speech, in which he first mentioned the possibility of unilateral disengagement from the Palestinians:


An increasing number of organisations are undertaking activities of social and environmental responsibility. Companies are inserted in society not only as economic actors but also as social actors, developing a significant social role beyond their traditional economic role. The exercise of these roles, and the form in which these roles are communicated to the public, can influence the corporative reputation of companies. The mass media play an important role in the development of this corporate reputation. Luhmann (2000: 1) indicates that what we know about society and the world is perceived through the media. That is, the mass media contribute to establishing what the social reality of a community is (Wolf, 1994; Gamson et al., 1992; Berger and Luckmann, 1984) and to the visibility of the social actors before Public Opinion. This article presents the results of a research project on the Media Visibility of the companies that are quoted on the Madrid stock exchange. The principal aim is to determine the level of visibility of these companies in the general information press, and what attributes (economic and/or social) are assigned to the companies.


Background: Although recommended for all member states of World Health Organization, there is no national human papillomavirus vaccination program in Kazakhstan. Furthermore, there are no studies in Kazakhstan that evaluate the mothers' perception of human papillomavirus vaccines. Objectives: This study aims to assess the knowledge and attitudes toward human papillomavirus vaccination among mothers in Kazakhstan and the factors associated with their attitudes. Design: A cross-sectional study was performed during the period of December 2021—February 2022. The STROBE guideline for cross-sectional studies was applied. Methods: Paper-based structured questionnaires were filled out by 191 mothers, 141 of whom had daughters. The attitude score was assessed as per the Likert-type scale. The Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests, with a significance value of < 0.05 were used to analyze the relationships between the characteristics of mothers and their attitude scores. Results: The following factors were significantly associated with mothers' attitudes toward human papillomavirus vaccination: a place of residence, family income, number of children, and refusal of vaccination for themselves (p < 0.005). Of all participants, only 45% of all mothers, 41% of mothers with a female, and 46% of mothers with male children had positive attitudes toward human papillomavirus vaccination. The child's gender was not a significant determinant. Overall, the level of knowledge about human papillomavirus vaccination was found to be low. The median total score is 0 out of 12 for women who have negative and neutral attitudes toward human papillomavirus vaccines. Among women who have positive attitudes toward HPV vaccines, the median score is around 3 points. Conclusion: Before the implementation of the human papillomavirus vaccination program into the Kazakhstani national vaccination calendar, comprehensive and adequate information and education campaigns are required on the national level for parents and the population in general.


In this paper we adapt techniques used by Ahlswede and Khachatrian in their proof of the Complete Erd\H{o}s-Ko-Rado Theorem to show that if $n \geq 2t+1$, then any pairwise $t$-cycle-intersecting family of permutations has cardinality less than or equal to $(n-t)!$. Furthermore, the only families attaining this size are the stabilizers of $t$ points, that is, families consisting of all permutations having $t$ 1-cycles in common. This is a strengthening of a previous result of Ku and Renshaw and supports a recent conjecture by Ellis, Friedgut and Pilpel concerning the corresponding bound for $t$-intersecting families of permutations.


Nowadays intravitreal drug administration occupies one of the leading places in the structure of the treatment of eye diseases. the technique for performing this manipulation is simple and universal. however, there may be complications during it. among them are transient ophthalmohypertension, uveitis, endophthalmitis, as well as damage to the lens and retina. a clinical case of surgical treatment of patient d., aged 81, with damage to the posterior lens capsule and fast cataract development was analyzed. Тhe operation was performed on the device EVa (dorc). retrobulbar anesthesia with ropivacaine (ropivacaine Kabi) FrESEnIUS KaBI norgE, aS (norway) 5.0 ml. paracentesis was performed at 2 and 10 o'clock, tunnel 2.2 mm, introduction of viscoelastic discoVisc (alcon). Сapsulorhexis 4 mm was performed using capsular tweezers. the swollen lens masses were washed with an irrigation-aspiration system. 25g ports were installed 3 mm from the limbus in the lower outer, upper outer, upper inner segments of the eyeball. Тotal vitrectomy was performed in the usual mode (vitreotome cuts 10 thousand per minute and irrigation 70 mm hg). the dislocated lens was also removed using a vitreotome with a frequency of 4,000 cuts per minute. Implantation of the intraocular lens rayone hydrofobic aspheric +22.0 diopters (rayner Intraocular lenses limited, United Kingdom) on the anterior capsulorhexis. Fixation of the Iol was not required because the diameter of the anterior rexis of 4 mm (which is smaller than the diameter of the Iol optics of 6 mm) made it possible to hold the lens. Interrupted 7/0 vicryl sutures were put on the sclera. Тhe approach to surgical treatment chosen by us, based on the patient's history, examination, tactics of performing surgical intervention, showed its timeliness and effectiveness. Keywords: intravitreal injections, complications, damage of the lens capsule, lens luxation


Porphyrins exhibiting discotic liquid crystalline phases have been developed in order to prepare thin, large-area, crystalline films of molecular conductors. A series of octaalkylporphyrins bearing different side chains have been synthesized including some with electron-withdrawing substituents at the meso positions. The photophysical properties of thin films of these compounds are a strong function of the film order (crystallinity). A substantial and persistent photovoltaic effect was achieved (e.g., V oc = 0.3 V, j sc = 0.4 mA/cm 2 under white light, 150 mW/cm 2 ) in capillary-filled symmetrical cells with indium-tin oxide electrodes. A model based on kinetically-controlled asymmetric exciton dissociation leading to photoinjection at the illuminated interface is presented to explain these results. This appears to be the first unambiguous example of a photovoltaic cell controlled entirely by interfacial kinetics. The predominance of the photoinjection process in these cells is attributed to the single-crystal-like character of the porphyrin films.


When rounding a flnite set of probabilities to integral multiples of 1=n, multiplier methods guarantee that the rounded probabilities again sum to one. For those multiplier methods that are sta- tionary, we discuss the expected discrepancy and calculate unbiased multipliers, under the assumption of uniformly distributed probabilities.


We have proposed a novel evanescent field (EF) sensor without any additional functionalized material. The sensors were fabricated by single mode fiber with a etched section on it. We study the properties of the optical intensities out of the sensors in the condition of immersing them in water, placing into a vacuum chamber or a climatic chamber. It was demonstrated that this EF sensors can senses the changes of the RI of water surrounding it. And the change of the output of the sensors occurs with a oscillation mode. We also show that the EF sensor with 11μm of outer diameter is sensitive to a change of RI with a magnitude of power of negative 7. Using this type of sensor, we demonstrate the vacuum sensing in the range from 20 to 300Pa. It is also demonstrated that the output of the sensors can be obviously attenuated by the scattering of the water vapor surrounding the sensing section. With adequate design of fiber, we believe that the new EF sensors can offer a platform on which the EF directly interacts with the materials of liquid or gas surrounding the sensing section and give the information of the changes in the RI of the materials and the scattering or obsorption to the evanescent field.


The current study tests empirically whether linguistically homogeneous or heterogeneous signposts better serve dictionary users. It aims to determine which signposts, homogeneous or heterogeneous, are more beneficial to sense identification, language reception, and production as well as immediate and delayed retention of meaning. The paper also investigates whether the usefulness of the type of signposting is dependent on the grammatical category of headwords. The results indicate that entries with heterogeneous signposts are significantly more useful for sense identification and reception. In production, the results obtained after reference to entries with homogeneous and heterogeneous signposts were comparable. Immediate and delayed retention was significantly better when the subjects had consulted entries with homogeneous signposts. The influence of signpost type on the scores for any task was not dependent on the part of speech.


In November 1964 and September-October 1965, the purse-seiner of the Directorate of Fisheries, Panaji (Gof), landed unusually large catches of Pseudosciaena diacanthus. The catches were dominated by fish weighing 12 to 14 kg and ranged in size 75-120 cm. The data indicate the possibility of finding new fishing ground for 'ghol' in the deeper region along the Goa coast.


We present a model that describes the labor supply decision of individuals under transaction costs and job-related amenities. The model indicates that individuals will respond to regional differences in wages net of transaction costs and accept higher jobamenities as compensation for low wages. We use a sample of regional data from Eastern Austria to proof the implications of the model. Controlling for demand side effects we can find that the major determinants of regional differences in unemployment rates are wages differentials between districts, the share of public housing, and the sectoral structure of the district's economy. We can identify regional amenities indirectly by using a spatial filter on regional variables and interpret the regional component of the unemployment rate as unobserved amenities. . JEL-Code: R23, J22, R12


Combined with working experiences,quality control questions encountered in cement concrete pavement construction such as roadbed strength analysis and control,raw material control of pavement,mix proportion control of concrete,pavement surface pouring and so on are elaborated in order to instruct practice.


Population wise, Hong Kong has too many people on too small a physical entity—1,075 square kilometers divided by as many as 240 no. Islands. Natural resources-wise, Hong Kong has too little to offer, as almost all its agricultural lands have been converted into building land, leaving no alternative but to import drinking water and daily supplies from across the Hong Kong-Mainland border on a daily basis. Insatiable demands for housing due to an ever-increasing population growth left the government with little options but to embark on an unprecedented urban form of hyper-density. In 1997, the Hong Kong government commissioned a study known as Sustainable Development for the 21st Century in Hong Kong (SUSDEV 21). The Study jump-started the city's participation in a worldwide endeavor to embrace sustainable development. The three years expedition guided the city through a world tour and studies on sustainable development from an international frontier, regional frontier, to a local frontier, and ended with a definition of sustainable development for Hong Kong, as well as a policy-making mechanism to achieve sustainability. Institutional efforts to promote sustainability has been complimented by efforts from professionals in the construction and building sector in an equally thorough and holistic manner, which include law-enforcers, developers, architects and builders. This paper presents a critical review and insight into recent works by each of the players mentioned in the text.


Being a relatively young academic field in Russia, sociology of management started to study the problems of managerial activity not long ago. There exist different approaches to studying it, which leads to pluralism of scientific opinions and theories. Various social processes and elements of the social sphere that determine management activities are presented as accentuated objects. The article provides theoretical understanding of individual and corporate actors and the totality of their interests through the prism of management activities linking them. Moreover, the potential for conflict of interest, as a point of social growth for the actors is conceptualized taking into account their subjective and objective behavioral activity. Assessing the rationality of an individual actor's behavioral activity and self-selected economic activity, the author touches upon the role of human capital in management as a phenomenon. The person is a nominal part of social management and the process-forming element of a concrete administrative activity even if not being identified with it. The convergent approach as an approach of total knowledge, practices, theories, individual aspects and as an actual interdisciplinary and TRANS-scientific approach is applied to build a certain management model. This model is adequate to external aggressive environment conditions (market, political system, professional community) and immanent resource (intangible, first of all) problems. This is required for the correct construction of the social organization, relevance to the established rules of behavior and for achieving the effectiveness of the management activity itself and the activities it has an impact on. The strengthening of the entire social structure is facilitated by the development of all its social elements. Thus, management activity of corporate actors, as well as financial and economic activity of those are at the forefront of the economy. Consequently, behavioral activities of individuals faced with such stress factors as uncertainty and large amounts of information should be aimed at making productive management decisions.


n his Clinical Anecdote, Dr. Christopher Bailey gamely imagines the evolutionary un-derpinnings of his patient's distressing lack of war wounds. As part of a careful and engaged discussion of care for his suffering patient, Dr. Bailey suggests that our evolved fight-or-flight response to the alarms of the African savannah may be at work in Colin's distress. The fight-or-flight response is something of great interest to anthropologists, who rely on Darwin's theory of evolution to explain much in human experience. According to Dr. Bailey's application of the theory, Colin's visceral response to threat is protective in the presence of danger, but destructive (particu-larly to his mental health) in the absence of such challenges. So Dr. Bailey considers whether we may have an evolved "need" for threat, and that Colin's trauma is in part related to the lack of such threat in his wartime experience.According to Darwin's ideas, evolved traits may be adaptive but may also simply be random appearances that have not


A generic approach for generation of tunable single frequency light is presented. 340 mW of near diffraction limited, single-frequency, and tunable blue light around 459 nm is generated by sum-frequency generation (SFG) between two tunable tapered diode lasers. One diode laser is operated in a ring cavity and another tapered diode laser is single-passed through a nonlinear crystal which is contained in the coupled ring cavity. Using this method, the single-pass conversion efficiency is more than 25%. In contrast to SFG in an external cavity, the system is entirely self-stabilized with no electronic locking.


AUTHOR Alexander, Erika D. TITLE Using Canonical Correlation To Explore Relationships between Sets of Variables: An Applied Example with Interpretive Suggestions. ,PUB DATE 2000-01-00 NOTE 16p.; Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Southwest Educational Research Association (Dallas, TX, January 27-29, 2000). PUB TYPE Reports Descriptive (141) Speeches/Meeting Papers (150) EDRS PRICE MF01/PC01 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Correlation; *Multivariate Analysis IDENTIFIERS *Variables (Mathematics)


In this paper we present techniques shown to significantly enhance the custom circuit design process typical of high-performance microprocessors. This methodology combines flexible custom circuit design with automated tuning and physical design tools to provide new opportunities to optimized design throughout the development cycle.


In distribution compression, one aims to accurately summarize a probability distribution $\mathbb{P}$ using a small number of representative points. Near-optimal thinning procedures achieve this goal by sampling $n$ points from a Markov chain and identifying $\sqrt{n}$ points with $\widetilde{\mathcal{O}}(1/\sqrt{n})$ discrepancy to $\mathbb{P}$. Unfortunately, these algorithms suffer from quadratic or super-quadratic runtime in the sample size $n$. To address this deficiency, we introduce Compress++, a simple meta-procedure for speeding up any thinning algorithm while suffering at most a factor of $4$ in error. When combined with the quadratic-time kernel halving and kernel thinning algorithms of Dwivedi and Mackey (2021), Compress++ delivers $\sqrt{n}$ points with $\mathcal{O}(\sqrt{\log n/n})$ integration error and better-than-Monte-Carlo maximum mean discrepancy in $\mathcal{O}(n \log^3 n)$ time and $\mathcal{O}( \sqrt{n} \log^2 n )$ space. Moreover, Compress++ enjoys the same near-linear runtime given any quadratic-time input and reduces the runtime of super-quadratic algorithms by a square-root factor. In our benchmarks with high-dimensional Monte Carlo samples and Markov chains targeting challenging differential equation posteriors, Compress++ matches or nearly matches the accuracy of its input algorithm in orders of magnitude less time.


A method of AFS for the determination of mercury in arsenic ingot was proposed.The sample was dissolved in mixed acid of HCl-HNO3(1+1),and Hg(Ⅱ)in the sample solution was extracted into n-butyl alcohol. Mercury(Ⅱ)in the organic phase was reduced to mercury vapor with 10g·L-1 potassium borohydride solution and determined by AFS.Linear relationship between values of fluorescence intensity and mass concentration of mercury was kept in the range of 0.15-80μg·L-1,with detection limit(3s/k)of 0.20μg·L-1.The proposed method was applied to the analysis of 2samples of arsenic ingots,giving values of RSD′s(n=6)less than 2%,and values of recovery found by standard addition method in the range of 96.3%-97.2%.


Abstract : An archaeological Phase II assessment of five magnetic anomalies has been completed as part of a planned deepening and widening of the Gulfport Harbor channel by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Mobile District. A documentary research program was also implemented in various federal archives in order to expand the list of potential shipwreck sites in the Gulfport area. This document presents the results of the remote sensing and diving investigation of the five anomalies and a compilation of information on eight additional shipwreck sites in the Gulfport area. Neither the documentary research nor the physical examination of magnetic targets yielded evidence of significant historic or prehistoric cultural resources in the project area. No further work is recommended.


Although it is obvious that the study of nutrition should have a place among the fundamental courses in a medical school, it has not yet been included in the curriculums of many schools. Just as the study of pharmacology provides basic knowledge needed for the writing of prescriptions, so the study of nutrition should precede and be prerequisite to the prescribing and ordering of diets. Yet, in the majority of medical schools, students receive their only instruction in nutrition in their preliminary courses in biochemistry and physiology. Hence they obtain but limited knowledge of normal nutrition, scant knowledge of dietetics and no knowledge at all of the nutritional state and needs of diseased persons. Realizing the need for an understanding of nutrition, several years ago we organized a voluntary course consisting of fifteen lectures and practical demonstrations on nutrition and diet in disease. So satisfactory were the results that we


represent it in drawing and by words. Then like a revelation came the beauty of the simple elements of home, a thing I had scarcely known; and in the years of motherhood I found delight in these. It was not to continue. The pinch of utter abject poverty became harder and harder until, as the children's demands grew with their growth, its misery and shame grew insupportable. After the terrible struggle of last year, which threatened to engulf the entire home, it seemed that nothing was left me. But a readjustment and a new start on a different basis have been granted us, and now I behold new andwider fields of beauty opening before me, in larger relationships and limitless hunting-grounds. My position on the News enables me to come in touch with large and vital issues. I do not care to read the average newspaper, but have felt for years that I should enjoy working on one. This position is one which seems to others underpaid and insignificant; but it allows me to


tion, Resource Booms and Institutional Pathways is the product of a collective intellectual endeavor linking scholars and (former) students at the Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. La Católica has become one of the most interesting centers of interdisciplinary research on extractivism in Latin America, and this book reflects the combination of innovative thinking, empirical sensibilities and merging of theory and political insight that has underlain so many of the contributions that have emerged from the university. That this work has been done at La Católica itself reflects the degree to which Peru was one of the "leaders" in the mineral investment boom that has come to affect so much of Latin America over the last two decades. This book takes that boom as its period of analysis, and asks how sustained investment in the "new" mining has interacted with patterns of institutional change in the public sector. In pursuing this question, the book speaks directly to theories of institutional change that, while drawn primarily from political science and sociology (Kathleen Thelen, Peter Hall, Doug McAdam, Peter Haas etc.), have much relevance for geographers who are interested in state building, environmental governance, contentious politics, and uneven development. As they analyze patterns of institutional change over the last two decades, the authors prefer to talk of "institutional regime" rather Eduardo Dargent, José Carlos Orihuela, Maritza Paredes, and María Eugenia Ulfe, eds. Resource Booms and Institutional Pathways: The Case of the Extractive Industry in Peru. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan, 2017. 206 pp. $89.99 e-book (ISBN: 978–3–319–53532–6); $119.99 cloth (ISBN: 978–3–319–53531–9).


A count rate meter with logarithmic scale recording designed for the study of the decay curves in radioactive materials, is described. The results obtained for the isotopes Ag/sup 110/, V/sup 52/, Rh/sup 104m/, and In/sup 116m/ are given. The basic circ uits used in the rate meter are graphed and discussed. The circuits of the potentiometer used are also given. The rate meter has a precision of more than 1%. (J.S.R.)


Antibacterial, antioxidant, anticancer properties and chemical compositions ofGoniothalamus umbrosus (GU) hexane extract was investigated using disc diffusion method, DPPH assay, MTT cytotoxicity test (MCF-7 breast cancer cell line, HT-29 colon cancer cell line and CEMss leukemia cell line) and GC-MS, respectively. Anti-tumor effect of GU was further confirmed morphologically under inverted and fluorescent microscopy. Anticancer properties were only observed on MCF-7 with an IC50 of 20 ± 4.469 µg/ml. Morphology of MCF-7, after exposure to the extract, has suggested strongly the incidence of a cell death that might resemble to apoptosis. Antioxidant activity was not comparable significantly to the commercial standard antioxidant butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT). The extract failed to exhibit any antibacterial activity towards two Gram-positive bacteria, Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) andBacillus subtilis B29, and other two Gram-negative bacteria, Pseudomonas aeruginosa 60690 and Salmonella choleraesuis. Analyses of the extract by gas chromatography and GC-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) tentatively identified 68 compounds, including a group naphthalene derivatives (18.33%) and eudesma-4(14),7(11)-diene (5.97%). A further research is recommended to verify the mechanism of oncolytic action of the hexane extract of G. umbrosus.

 Key words: Goniothalamus umbrosus, antibacterial, anti-oxidant; anti-tumor, GC-MS.


Faeces were collected for five days so as to obtain a repre sentative daily stool excretion. At the end of the faecal collec tion the total excretion of fat was estimated by the technique of Kamer, Huinink, and Weyers (1949). For one day preced ing and for the total duration of the collection the dogs were fed a diet consisting of 1.3 g. of fat and 200 calories/kg. body weight. The diet was composed of boiled, sliced ox liver. Total vagotomy was performed on 10 dogs by the trans thoracic route, via the left sixth interspace. Anterior selective vagotomy was accomplished, also in 10 dogs, via a long left subcostal incision. The hepatic branches of the anterior vagus were identified without difficulty, and preserved, as they passed in the lesser omentum to the porta hepatis. Most of the dogs after vagotomy without drainage vomited in the immediate post-operative phase, but were nevertheless able to maintain their fluid and electrolyte balance by means of oral feeding. However, two dogs required 2 litres each of normal saline subcutaneously because of more severe vomiting. By the time the faecal collection was undertaken post-operatively the tendency to vomit had subsided and the diet was then taken normally. Pyloroplasty was of the Heineke-Mikulicz type and was per formed alone on seven dogs, the incision through the pylorus extending for 6 cm. This was closed with a continuous 2/0 chromic catgut suture.


The clear impression of 4K MicroLED with higher HDR and 8K QLED and OLED were compared through a subjective image quality evaluation. Four variables; edge, contrast, lightness, and chroma was rendering for the HDR display to compare with high resolution(8K) displays. Display with HDR had the most impact and contrast and chroma were attributes that effected the clear impression. The measurement values were used to prove the phenomenon in which MicroLED, an HDR display, gives a clearer impression compared to other displays. HDR having high contrast can be seen more clearly than high resolution. Clear impression does not unconditionally represent the entire integrated image quality, but HDR plays an important role in enhancing image quality. This paper explains why we are seeing clearer images on a higher contrast display than on a higher resolution display.


In today's construction industry, with the introduction of new materials, free- form shapes of buildings, special problems with historical preservation and even buildings with very large components that move, there are many new challenges for the architectural engineer. This paper highlights some of the work done at Milwaukee School of Engineering that links the work of architectural engineers with our Rapid Prototyping Center. This work started as research under the Research Experience for Undergraduates in Solid Freeform Fabrication program at MSOE. This is a program sponsored by the National Science Foundation. Projects have ranged from replication of historical decorative plaster details and writing code to translate drawing files into a form that can be read by the RP machines to modeling a building designed for Milwaukee School of Engineering by Santiago Calatrava. A side benefit of this program has been realized in our Senior Design course, AE450, where student teams design a building for a real client. Models of these designs, which used to take at least three weeks to fabricate, are now completed sometimes in as little time as five days. This has proven to be a definite benefit to our clients as well as a better use of student time.


Breast cancer is the most common female malignant tumor all over the world, and it seriously threats to women's health. As surgical treatment of breast cancer continuously develops to the mode of "the smallest and the most effective", sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) has emerged. SLNB can avoid axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) and reduce the complications of ALND. In recent years, some clinical research results have showed that the prognosis of sentinel lymph node (SLN) positive breast cancer patients who do not accept ALND can not be affected. The necessity of performing ALND for SLN positive breast cancer patients still needs to be investigated.

Key words:
Breast neoplasms; Sentinel lymph node biopsy; Surgical procedures, operative


This paper develops methodologies to assess the ability of electric utilities to sustain the forced impairment of carbon emitting power plants and applies those methods to the European market. We present a new method to measure asset impairment, for both the company and the industry, based on a database of power plants. We develop a novel framework to analyse a utility's ability to transition by investing in renewables through the impact on its credit rating metrics. Finally, we apply our framework to European utilities under scenarios set out by the European Commission to limit global warming by imposing net zero carbon emissions constraints on companies. We conclude that most European utilities have the financial capacity to meet the requirements of net zero carbon emissions under the scenarios with timely action. However, a delay of as little as five years will cause serious financial problems across the sector.


The article develops honeynet models based on typical computer attacks, architectural features of baits and taking intoaccount the architecture of a distributed system with baits. The distributed system and its components become the target of falseattacks and are integrated into the overall security system of corporate networks, which will generally help to improve the level ofsecurity. Bait models are the basis for the development of fundamentally new methods for detecting malicious interference in thefunctioning of corporate networks. The feature is the achievement by configuring different types of lures and their integration notonly with other systems to ensure the level of security of corporate networks and by presenting them in a multilevel system, whichby its architecture will effectively respond to malicious events. The paper presents typical features of baits and analyzes methods ofsystem analysis and decision theory for solving problems of using baits by types of attacks and organizing the interaction ofcomponents of a multilevel system.The organization of experimental research is based on the construction of a multilevel system with baits, which willdynamically change its configuration and will have a decision-making system for rapid response to events occurring in the network.The article presents the use of baits as a promising direction in the protection of computer networks from maliciousinterference, information about which is limited or absent.


The reactor developed for this study performed satisfactorily in establishing the feasibility of cadmium oxide decomposition under the realistic conditions of the solar-furnace environment. The solar-furnace environment is very appropriate for the evaluation of design concepts. However, the solar furnace probably cannot give precise rate data. The flux is too nonuniform, so temperatures of reactant and corresponding reaction rates are also nonuniform. One of the most important results of this project was the recovery of samples from the quench heat exchanger that contained a surprisingly large amount of metallic cadmium. The fact that the sample taken from the quench heat exchanger was metallic in appearance and contained between 67% and 84% metallic cadmium would tend to indicate recombination of cadmium vapor and oxygen can be effectively prevented by the quenching operation. It would also tend to confirm recent studies that show cadmium oxide does not sublime appreciably. Determination of the decomposition rate of cadmium oxide was severely limited by fluctuating and nonuniform reactant temperatures and baseline drift in the oxygen sensor. However, the estimated rate based on a single run seemed to follow a typical solid decomposition rate pattern with an initial acceleratory period, followed by a longer deceleratory period.more » From a preliminary flowsheet analysis of the cadmium-cadmium oxide cycle, it was determined that at a cadmium oxide decomposition temperature of 1400/sup 0/C and a requirement of 0.2 V in the electrolyzer the efficiency was 41%, assuming total quenching of the cadmium oxide decomposition products. This efficiency could increase to a maximum of 59% if total recovery of the latent heats of vaporization and fusion of the decomposition products is possible.« less


This paper compares the scientic publication output and international academic visibility of Swiss political science departments, using three indicators (number of publications, number of citations, and the h-index) and publicly available data from two sources: the ISI Web of Knowledge and Google Scholar. We also examine whether the publication output of political science professors and postdoctoral researchers in Switzerland varies as a function of academic age. We observe rather strong variation both across and within departments. The analysis also shows that the most prolic professors tend to be those who completed their Ph.D. about 15{20 years ago, and that some postdocs are on a very promising publications trajectory. We derive some benchmarks for publication output that may be useful for hiring decisions or promotions.


FARA, a folk quartet from Orkney, is set to kick off live music for 2020 in Low Parks Museum, Hamilton.


Advances over the last decade in technology, training, and availability of prenatal care have led to a focus on the detection of congenital heart defects (CHD) and its prenatal management for improved pregnancy outcomes. First-trimester transvaginal heart screening is feasible and well tolerated. Due to advances in the diagnosis of trisomy by nonultrasound methods, a significant effort will now be focused on CHD detection in the first trimester of otherwise uncomplicated pregnancies.


The paper presents a layered reconfigurable architecture based on partial and dynamical reconfigurable FPGA in order to meet the adaptivity and scalability needs in multimedia applications. An efficient adaptivity is enabled thanks to the introduction of an application adaptive level and a task adaptive level organisation. This organisation is materialized through a global hardware reconfiguration and local hardware reconfiguration by using partial and dynamic reconfiguration of FPGAs. A case study of a discrete wavelet transform is used to demonstrate the feasibility in task adaptive level considering different types of filters. A platform based on a Xilinx Virtex-4 FPGA is used for experimental implementation.


This paper presents a global scheduling method based on condition vectors. The proposed method exploits a more "global parallelism". That is, it can parallelize multiple nests of conditional branches and optimize across the boundaries of basic blocks thoroughly, and so on. Moreover, it can optimize all possible execution paths. Also proposed is an algorithm which generates a single finite state machine controller from parallel individual control sequences derived in the global parallelization process. Experimental results proves that the global parallelization is markedly effective.


Possible paresis of the serratus anterior muscle should be kept in mind in association with shoulder injury or surgery in the chest area.


It has been shown previously that a significant reduction of the acoustic noise in standard, slow magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequences is achieved when the gradient pulses have long sinusoidal ramps. An improvement of this method is now presented for fast gradient echo (FLASH) and fast spin echo (RARE) sequences. The new strategy consists of using a sinusoidal readout pulse with no plateau and extending the phase encoding pulses to the entire readout period. The distribution of k‐space samples is no longer equidistant, and images have to be reconstructed with gridding. A reduction of the acoustic noise by 20–40 dBA was obtained with respect to standard sequences installed by the scanner manufacturer, which is 10–20 dBA better than that with the previously proposed method of sinusoidal ramps. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2001;13:960–966. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Solving inverse scattering problem has many practical applications. For three dimensional problems, the computational complexity of model-based inversion algorithms has become a challenge. This paper addresses the computational efficiency in 3D microwave inversion by extending the idea of Chew and Liu (see IEEE Trans. on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, vol.32, no.4, p.878, 1994) for 2D problems to 3D vector fields. The method proposed is based on a fast computation algorithm for 3D dielectric scattered field. This fast algorithm combines the biconjugate gradient method with fast Fourier transform (BCG-FFT). A weighted mean square residual combined with a Tikhonov regularization is used to measure the goodness of the reconstructed results and the optimal solution is searched iteratively using a conjugate gradient procedure. The computational complexity of the inverse process is analyzed. Some computer simulation results demonstrate the efficiency of this algorithm, especially when the number of illumination angles is limited.


The effect of double treatments of Luffa fibre on properties of Luffa/waste low density polyethylene composite was investigated. The properties focused were physical, mechanical and morphological while sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and stearic acid (CH3(CH2)16COOH) were used for the treatment. The fibre was treated with 8 wt% NaOH and further treated with stearic acid at concentration of 0.5-2.5 wt% at interval of 0.5 wt%. Two roll-mills were used to compound the fibre and the wLDPE at 150oCwhile the composite compressed to 13.9 MPa. The fabricated composite was characterized based on mechanical (tensile, impact and flexural strengths), physical (density and water absorption) and morphological properties. The double treatment (8 wt% NaOH/0.5 wt% stearic acid) recorded increase in tensile, impact and flexural strengths of 65.1%, 76.6% and 13.3% respectively over the single treatment fibre reinforced composite. The physical properties were also improved but the morphological properties revealed more cracks and voids with chemical treatment concentration. Therefore, even though treatments may improve compatibility of fibre and matrix as well as improve overall mechanical properties, it should be carried out in a way to have minimum damage of fibre form and structure.


Background – The Mental Health Act Code of Practice sets standards for the use of seclusion which are designed to ensure the safety of the patients and members of staff involved; whilst maintaining acceptable standards of care. Aim - The aim of this clinical audit is to improve the quality of medical seclusion reviews and the quality of the documentation. Methods- T he quality of medical seclusion reviews carried out by the Oxford deanery trainee doctors in Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust (OHFT) and East Berkshire Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust (BHFT); were compared against their trust policies.  This study involved two complete audit cycles in 9 wards in 6 hospitals. Results- The first cycle of audit in both Trusts showed areas of concern about the quality of seclusion reviews by doctors in training. In the second cycle there was substantial improvement in the quality of seclusion reviews and accordingly in compliance with the Trust policies after implementing the recommendations of the first cycles. Conclusions and Recommendations- Raising awareness of doctors in training about the Trust policy can noticeably improve the quality of seclusion reviews. This can be achieved by circulating seasonal emails, face to face training and mounting prompting posters in clinical areas.


With the rapid growing popularity of cellular phones, cellular vehicle probe (CVP)-based travel time information systems become comparatively advantageous. Due to the vague positioning problem of CVP, to directly determine the travel path with the closest travel time may lead to an erroneous result. This paper proposes a virtual trip line matching model to determine the travel path of a call user by using the Yen's K-shortest paths algorithm to obtain potential paths and the multinomial logit (MNL) model to develop the map-matching model. A simplified network is used to estimate the MNL models and to validate the performance of the proposed model under various traffic conditions simulated by Paramics traffic simulator. The results show that the proposed model remarkably outperforms than the traditional model which simply chooses the path with the closest travel time to time lag of paired cellular geolocation points.


Hongtoushan Underground mining companies to change production conditions,equipment selection and design of the Treasury to do the adjustment,development of new design and security system,solved the problem of transport workers,improve labor productivity,reduce security risks,for the middle of devices into the Treasury,system put into operation and seven construction equipment to lay the foundation library.


Comments here and there on such important figures as Archbishop Davidson, Dean Inge, William James, and Hensley Henson are invariably sympathetic and nicely judicious. The unpopularity of the Anglo-Catholics, despite their accomplishments, is convincingly explained: Queen Victoria's violent prejudice helped fix the notion that the movement was un-English (most damnable of charges), while the cartoonists of Punch made it their special object, and extremists within the movement itself sometimes magnified the trivial. With intimacy and drama Canon Lloyd also pictures the power of the Student Christian Movement in Britain's universities, the work of the Church Army among society's outcasts, and the enthusiasm behind the missionary dream of "the evangelization of the world in this generation."


Purpose: To evaluate the effect of Draba nemorosa extract (DNE) on oxidative stress and hemodynamics in rats with chronic congestive heart failure (CHF). Methods: Adriamycin was used to establish CHF in Sprague Dawley (SD) rat model. Six groups of SD rats were used in this study: control group, CHF group, captopril group (0.1 g/kg), as well as high-, medium- and low-dose DNE groups (5.2, 2.6 and 1.3 g/kg, respectively). Treatment for all groups lasted 4 weeks. Blood pressure and heart index were measured. In addition, serum creatine kinase (CK), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO) and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) were determined with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. Results: In the CHF group, arterial systolic pressure (SBP, 84.22 ± 16.23 mmHg); diastolic pressure (DBP, 77.36 ± 20.29 mmHg); mean arterial pressure (MAP, 78.45 ± 10.56 mmHg); heart rate (HR, 357.18 ± 37.34 beats/min) and left ventricular systolic peak (LVSP, 102.34 ± 16.37 mmHg) were significantly decreased ( p < 0.05) when compared with the control group. However, left ventricular end diastolic pressure (LVEDP, 23.38 ± 1.78 mmHg); heart index (2.74 ± 0.16 mg/g); serum CK (0.87 ± 0.15 U/mL); MDA (19.34 ± 2.57 nmol/mL), NO (38.43 ± 3.32 umol/L) and NOS (42.65 ± 3.32 U/mL) were increased. Treatment with high-dose DNE significantly ameliorated hemodynamic function, and reduced MDA (9.13 ± 2.12 nmol/mL) and NO (22.37 ± 3.16 umol/L) levels ( p < 0.05). High-dose DNE also led to significant decreases in CK (0.53 ± 0.35 U/mL) and NOS (24.27 ± 3.55U/mL) in the CHF rats ( p < 0.05). Conclusion: DNE significantly improves hemodynamic function in CHF rats. Thus, it has a potential for development into a new drug for clinical treatment of CHF. Keywords: Draba nemorosa , Adriamycin, Chronic heart failure, Hemodynamic function, Oxidative stress


Objectives:Acotiamide hydrochloride hydrate(acotiamide), a drug for the treatment of functional dyspepsia(FD), has been shown to enhance the gastrointestinal motility by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase(AChE) activity. We examined whether acotiamide has a stimulatory effect on duodenal bicarbonate(HCO3-) secretion in rats. Methods:After fasted for 18 h, the animals were anesthetized with urethane. A proximal duodenal loop was perfused with saline, and HCO3- secretion was measured at pH 7.0 by a pH –stat method and by adding 10 mM HCl. Test drugs were administered subcutaneously after the stabilization of basal HCO3-secretion. Results:Acotiamide at doses of 10, 30, and 100 mg/kg significantly increased the duodenal HCO3- secretion in a dose–dependent manner compared with the control group. Likewise, neostigmine bromide, a typical AChE inhibitor, increased the HCO3- secretion, whereas mosapride citrate hydrate(mosapride), a serotonin 5 –HT4 receptor agonist, did not affect the duodenal HCO3- secretion. Conclusions:These results clearly show that acotiamide, but not mosapride, has a stimulatory effect on the duodenal HCO3- secretion in rats. The stimulatory effect of acotiamide on the duodenal HCO3- secretion may contribute to the improvement of meal –related symptoms in patients with FD, in addition to the effect on the gastric prokinetic action.


Introduction: Caffeine is a Psychostimulant consumed as natural components in chocolates, coffees and teas, and as added components to soda, energy drinks, and some drugs. It has been reported to impair the brain in several ways that might lead to activity breakdown. Aim: The present study therefore investigated the potency of caffeine on the neurobehavior and histomorphology of the frontal cortex of a murine model. Materials and Methods: Thirty albino mice were divided into five groups (n = 6), administered intraperitoneally 0.2 ml distilled water, 25, 30, 40 and 60 mg/kg body weight (bw) of caffeine, respectively for 14 days, while the bws were measured prior and after the experiment. On day 15, the dark and light field behavioral test was carried out and the animals were sacrificed by, perfusion method, and the frontal cortices excised from whole brains and routinely processed for histological studies. Results: The mice gained bw in the 25 and 30 mg/kg bw caffeine groups, but lost weight in the 40 and 60 mg/kg bw caffeine groups. No difference was observed in the entire light and dark field test parameters, while histological studies showed significant (P < 0.05) hyperplasia of the frontal cortical cells in the caffeine test groups, all compared with the control and among the test groups. Conclusion: Consumption of the given low dose of caffeine, caused gain in weight while high dose of caffeine caused bw loss, but did not affect the dark and light field behavioral parameters, but stimulated frontal cortical cell hyperplasia possibly as a protective measure.


Objective: As a common malignant tumor, the primary liver cancer(primary hepatocellular carcinoma, PHC) has seriously threatened the human life. Recently, miR-224 has been discovered as the relative micrornas molecules of tumor that played an important role on the occurrence and development process of tumor. This research aims to investigate the expression of miR-224 in serum on primary hepatocellular carcinoma, as well as the relationship with the prognosis of primary hepatocellular carcinoma. Methods: The blood samples were collected from 40 patients with PHC, 20 patients with chronic hepatitis, 20 patients with chronic hepatic cirrhosis and 20 healthy people. The expression levels of miR-224 in the serum were measured by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. The correlations of miRNA-224 expression, traumatic injury and the prognosis of primary hepatocellular carcinoma were analyzed. Results: The expression level of miR-224 in patients with PHC was significantly higher than those of patients with benign diseases and healthy people(P0.05). Pearson's correlation analysis showed that the expression of miR-224 in serum had a close correlation with AFP and MMP-9(P0.05). The recurrent/metastatic of PHC patients with a lower miR-224 expression level was lower than those of people with higher expression, while the survival time of PHC patients with a lower miR-224 expression level was longer than those of people with a higher 1evel expression(P0.05). Conclusion: The expression of miR-224 in serum is high and it is closely relative to the prognosis of PHC which could be the potential marker for PHC and the target for treatment.


This site offers games, multimedia materials, climate stories and other lesson ideas appropriate for young learners as well as lesson plan links for educators.


It has been long recognized that the street vendor has important role in social and economic aspect. It is interesting for academics to uncover their entrepreneurial behavior on operating micro business scale, as entrepreneurial theories have been quite established. So this research is to answer the question about their characteristics and motivation and how far they have relationship and influence on business performance. Descriptive method is used as research method. The population is all street vendors operate around Bandung city. The respondents were 197 people taken using judgmental sampling technique as accidental sampling. Dependant variable are average sales and profit per month, and independent variable consist of six (6) dimensions of characteristic variable and four (4) dimensions of motivation variable. Likert scale 1-5 is used as measurement tool covering 21 statements. Business performance inquiries uses ordinal scales, plus eight (8) questions asking respondents' profiles. Validity and reliability test use Factor Analysis Cronbach Alpha. According to validity and reliability test all items are valid and reliable to measure all dimensions representing independent variable. The result of descriptive statistic illustrated that street vendor have high characteristics and motivations, mostly have value above 3.5 at 1-5 scale. The profiles indicated that they come from lower class level, low educational background, lack of capital. Even though they quite have long operated as street vendor they can not improve their income level as they gain small profit and small amount of sales. The regression with stepwise method and anova resulted only team and creativity dimension of characteristic variable showed significant relationship but with small level of influence on business performance. Furthermore, motivation variable has no significance relationship with business performance, thus it cannot become predictor of business performance. Beside general constraints hindered small scale business performance, other possibilities are that the street vendor cannot fully operate their business normally as they constraints by factors specifically conditioned in Indonesia.


In this paper we present a kinetic study on crystallization of a colloidal dispersion formed by thermosensitive Poly-NIsopropylacrylamide (PNIPAM) nanospheres. The liquid-crystal transition is induced by decreasing the temperature of the dispersion and the crystallization process is monitored by measuring the evolution of the static structure factor of the dispersion by means of light scattering techniques. The measured static structure factor confirms the formation of a mesoscopic crystal array at the final equilibrium state, which is preceded by two stages: nucleation and crystal growth.


It approaches the subject of research to Cordel Literature.In general, it aims to present the Cordel Collection of Literature present in the collection of the Central Library Zila Mamede, and its importance for the preservation of the Northeastern culture.It exposes, as methodological procedures, the exploratory, bibliographical research and the accomplishment of an on-site visit for the visualization of the collection and data collection.It results in a brief presentation and description of the Cordel Literature Collection and its relevance to Northeastern culture.Elenca some points of the importance of Cordel Literature, for the preservation of the Northeastern culture are: Historical; Patrimonial; Social; To the people; Popular culture; Northeastern Culture; Authors Cordelistas; Religiosity and learning.It concludes that the Cordel Literature Collection of the Central Library Zila Mamede, is relevant for the preservation of the Northeastern culture, in several aspects, for portraying the day to day of the people, the historical context of a place, religiosity and the process creators of cordelist writers through their characters, thus contributing to the preservation of culture.


This chapter briefly looks at the development and the importance of Austro-Hungarian satirical periodicals. It focuses on the second half of the nineteenth century and presents an introduction on ways to analyze these periodicals. The chapter presents an outline of Austria-Hungary's attitude towards the Russo-Japanese War, concentrating on a discussion of a number of satirical texts and Austro-Hungarian political cartoons dealing with the Russo-Japanese War. The brief outline sets out the Austro-Hungarian attitude towards the conflict in East Asia and its possible repercussions on the situation in Europe, but diplomatic correspondence had a rather limited audience. Focusing on the Russo-Japanese War, the chapter shows that for the shaping of Austria-Hungary's foreign policy, which had a clear focus on Europe, a close observation of ongoing affairs in other parts of the world was of high importance. Keywords: Austro-Hungarian political cartoons; East Asia; Europe; Russo-Japanese War; satirical periodicals


Multi-energy unified planning is difficult because of the complex conflicting relationship between the coupling and complementary interaction of multiple forms of energy in micro energy grids (MEGs). Conflicting relationships between the economy and the environment as well as the impact of uncertain energy prices must be considered during MEG planning. To address these problems, this paper proposes a two-level game with an environment–economic planning model that considers dynamic energy pricing strategies. This model consists of an upper environment–economic planning level based on a multi-strategy evolution game considering players' bounded rationality and a lower dynamic energy pricing level, including the MEG operator-user leader-follower Stackelberg game. Simultaneously, based on the energy hub theory, a multi energy coupling matrix is established for a MEG and includes electricity, gas, heat, and cooling. The evolutionary stability strategy (ESS) of the planning results is analyzed using the replicator dynamic equation of the evolutionary game, and the existence of the Nash equilibrium is proven for the dynamic energy pricing of Stackelberg games. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed environment–economic planning two-level game model considering dynamic energy pricing strategies is verified using simulations. Because dynamic energy pricing and the environment–economic planning are considered, the number of energy equipment required during peak hours is reasonably reduced, thereby reducing the total planning cost and improving the energy utilization efficiency. Simultaneously, greenhouse gas (CO2) and air pollutant (NOx) emissions are reduced to decrease environmental impact.


The research was conducted directly in the field by observing and evaluating teachers through interviews with teachers at SMAN 6 Takengon. Evaluation of the media that has been applied by the teacher. This study aims to evaluate the needs of learning media applied by teachers and inform that microblog media will be very effective and efficient for teachers to apply during the learning process. The problem found that teachers were constrained by internet network signals and did not understand the use of media, and some teachers only applied handbooks to students. In this study used qualitative research and descriptive analysis methods, data collection in research through interviews containing a list of questions and supported by a questionnaire in the form of a questionnaire that was submitted directly to the teacher. Data collection is also done through a communication platform, namely WhatsApp. From the research conducted, most teachers have not applied the right media to arouse students' motivation and creativity as an evaluation.


Modern parallel distributed string matching algorithms are always based on networked computation model. Those algorithms depends on the cost optimal design and the theoretical speed. The motive of current research challenges and identified the new directions I.e distributed environment where in which the given text file is divided into subparts and distributed to P1 to PN no. of processors organized in parallel environment called as hypercube network. Based on the distributed memory machine string matching algorithms proposed by CHEN and BI-Kun, a optimal algorithm for matching string patterns in large text databases over parallel distributed hypercube networked architecture is proposed in this paper. And also an improved parallel string matching algorithm based on a variant Boyer-Moore algorithm is presented. We implement our hype and integrated algorithms on the above architecture and the experiments are proven that it is truly practical and efficient on parallel distributed Hypercube networked model. Its computation complexity is O(T/p + m-1), where T is text file of length n characters, and m is the length of the pattern, and p is the number of the processors.


The problem of HIV infection in childhood is currently the most relevant because of the increase in the number of pregnant HIV-positive women. One of the manifestations of HIV infection in childhood are the changes in the system of hemostasis, manifested by a decrease in the aggregation capacity of platelets, detected at the initial stages of the disease with normal blood platelet levels and PTI.


Part 1: Foundations of Business Analytics Chapter 1: Introduction to Business Analytics Chapter 2: Analytics on Spreadsheets Part 2: Descriptive Analytics Chapter 3: Visualizing and Exploring Data Chapter 4: Descriptive Statistical Measures Chapter 5: Probability Distributions and Data Modeling Chapter 6: Sampling and Estimation Chapter 7: Statistical Inference Part 3: Predictive Analytics Chapter 8: Predictive Modeling and Analysis Chapter 9: Regression Analysis Chapter 10: Forecasting Techniques Chapter 11: Simulation and Risk Analysis Chapter 12: Introduction to Data Mining Part 4: Prescriptive Analytics Chapter 13: Linear Optimization Chapter 14: Applications of Linear Optimization Chapter 15: Integer Optimization Chapter 16: Nonlinear and Non-Smooth Optimization Chapter 17: Optimization Models with Uncertainty Part 5: Making Decisions Chapter 18: Decision Analysis


Mixed composite materials are highly useful for fabrication of interference based precision multilayer optical devices because of their tunabile refractive imdex, tunable optical band gap and low optical losses with improved laser damage resistance. In the present study, ZrO2-SiO2 (90:10) mixed composite thin films have been prepared by electron-beam co-deposition at different oxygen partial pressures and the effect of oxygen pressure on the optical properties (refractive index, extinction co-efficient, band gap, etc) of such films have been investigated. The optical constants of the films have been derived by the inverse synthesis of transmission spectra obtained from spectrophotometric measurements.


This study is devoted to the dynamics of the electro-optical response and relaxation time of LC cells with a nematic liquid crystal doped with CdSe/ZnS semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) and homogeneously oriented by rubbed polyimide. The influence of the nanoparticle concentration as well as the parameters of the alternating electric field has been studied. Experimental dependence of the response and relaxation time on the concentration of QDs was obtained. The increase of concentration of QDs in the range of 0.5–1.5 mg/ml results in a reduction of the optical response time. The threshold voltage reduced twice with increasing QD concentration up to 1.5 mg/ml as compared with the pure LC. For the first time it was shown that applying of unipolar square wave electric field to the LC cell reduces the optical response time even twice regardless to the frequency of the alternating electric field compared to bipolar square wave voltage.


Abstract The Tuberculin skin test, used to detect latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, has many drawbacks and a new diagnostic test for latent tuberculosis (QuantiFERON ? -TB) has recently been introduced. This test measures the production of interferon-? in whole blood upon stimulation with Purified Protein Derivative. The QuantiFERON ? -TB test addresses the operational problems with the tuberculin skin test, but as the test is based on Purified Protein Derivative it still has a low specificity in populations vaccinated with the BCG vaccine. We have modified the test to include the antigens ESAT-6 and CFP-10 not present in BCG vaccine strains and the vast majority of non-tuberculous mycobacteria. This test was used to detect infection in contacts in a tuberculosis outbreak at a Danish high school. The majority of the contacts were BCG-unvaccinated which allowed a direct comparison of the skin test and the novel blood test in individuals whose skin test was not confounded by vaccination. An excellent agreement between the two tests was found (94%, kappa value 0.866) and in contrast to the blood test based on Purified Protein Derivative the novel blood test was not in fluenced by the vaccination status of the subjects tested. Word count: 192 Keywords: TB, Latent infection, whole blood diagnostic, BCG, TST


Abstract Data developed during a study of Powder River Basin CBM producing fields using conventional geologic analysis in combination with analysis of hydrogeologic parameter variations shows structure in the form of linears, probably due to faulting, to be an important factor in CBM production. Cross- fault permeabilities reduced from areal permeabilities by a factor of three or more are almost certainly impacting CBM production. Analysis also indicates that some areas, defined by regional fracture trends, are producing far more CBM than adjacent areas. A significantly enhanced permeability in the high production areas is probably the reason.


This brief presents a concept of leaky integrate-and-fire neuron (LIF) based on oscillator circuit for a spike neural network with firing rate coding. The circuit contains a switching element with an S-shaped current-voltage characteristic and two capacitors; a control resistor shunts one of the capacitors. The circuit is characterized by a strong dependence of the frequency of relaxation oscillations on the magnitude of the control resistor. The dependence has a sigmoid-like form, and we present an analytical method for dependence calculation. The circuit provides theoretical perspectives for the pairing of resistive sensors with a neural network and for creating neuromorphic devices with artificial intelligence.


The paper presents some metallurgical and mechanical examinations of the joint between dissimilar metals viz. copper and alloy steel obtained by Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW) using consumable nickel based superalloy electrode as the weld filler. Material microstructures at all the important zones of the weldment are examined with the help of Optical and Scanning Electron Microscopes (SEM). Examinations reveal corrugated weld interfaces with good fusion between the metals and the filler. The weld joints are subjected to tensile and impact tests in ambient conditions. In both the tests, the weldments fracture on copper side with all the weld interfaces remaining intact confirming a strong joint.


Objective: To study the therapeutic effect of the therapy of partial-wrapping and dry-moist on treatment with juvenal patient who suffer partial-thickness burn wounds.Methods: From 2007 March to 2008 March there were 227 partial-thickness burn wounds provided by 141 juvenal patients,include 146 superficial-partial-thickness burns and 81 deep-partial-thickness burn wounds,to be randomized into A group(dry-moist therapy) and B group(dry therapy) and C group(moist therapy) according to the variant treatment to the wounds.The duration of hydropsia period,the secondary infection of the wounds,the secondary impairment of the wounds,whether to need dermatoplasty,the wound healing time and the effect and safety of the drug to Juvenal patient were studied in these three groups.Results: Compare with A and B groups,which the treatment were identical in hydropsia period,the duration weren't significant difference(P0.05).On the contrary,compare with A and C groups,there were significant difference(P〉0.01)about duration of hydropsia period.For superficial-partial-thickness burns,the average wound healing time of A group was(9.5±2.2)days,B group was(10.8±2.3)days,and C group was(10.8±2.3)days,which both shows significant difference(P〈0.01)when compared A to B or A to C.For deep-partial-thickness burns,the average wound healing time of A group was(20.2±5.1)days,B group was(22.4±5.6)days,and C group was(22.8±6.2)days,which also both shows significant difference(P〈0.01)when compared A to B or A to C.These results mean that A group got a better therapeutic effect.Conclusion: The feature of the therapy of partial-wrapping and dry-moist for partial-thickness burn wounds might be to apply different drug on different period of partial-thickness burn which result from different pathologic reaction.The therapy get advantages of maintaining a stabilization of wound's external environment,facilitating wound healing,obviating the secondary impairment of the wounds,reducing dermatoplasty rate,reducing synulosis,which is fit for the juvenal patient.


I-novel has been known as a unique literary genre of Japan. The similar literary genre of Japanese I-novel is Korea's Personal novel. This thesis...


Introduction Umbilical cord prolapse (UCP) is defined as the presence of a loop of umbilical cord below the presenting part with ruptured membranes [1]. Prolapse of the umbilical cord is an obstetric emergency associated with increased fetal morbidity and mortality and also maternal morbidity [1]. It is overt if the cord is seen within the cervix or in the vagina, whereas occult cord prolapse is when it is compressed between the uterine wall and the fetal part [2,3]. This compromises foetal circulation and depending on the ABSTRACT Background: Umbilical cord prolapse (UCP) is the presence of a loop of umbilical cord below the presenting part with ruptured membranes which is an obstetric emergency associated with increased fetal morbidity and mortality and also maternal morbidity.


This paper presents an exposition to synergetic control method. The method itself is derived from a special class of functional optimization commonly addressed in the calculus of variations. Using an Euler-Lagrange equation, a closed-form of extremizing solution which yields to extremizing control function is obtained. It turns out that such control is tightly connected to a special class of LQR as well as variable structure control. This paper presents proper design guidelines for using synergetic control so that the resulting closed loop solution is stable. Numerical explorations show promising results for this approach to be applied on other aerospace problems. Nomenclature t time t0 initial time


The progress of our civilization is based on the human imagination. That is why we want children to be creative and make efforts to develop their imagination. The article describes how a child under six years can develop creative abilities in the frame of Maria Montessori system. Visits of preschool establishment can change child's mind. Through sensual experience in the mind of the child first representations appear. The natural activity of the child is based on the interest to the world that surrounds him. How can we support the development of creative thinking in these young children? First of all, by immersion of the child in the real world.


The Gumudi anticline is a typical and complex structure unit of superimposed fault related folds in the piedmont of northern Tianshan Mountains, with strong deformation. Based on the analysis of 2D seismic profile crossing Gumudi anticline, constrained by the surface outcrop and drilling revealed structural appearances, this paper presents the shallow folds shapes by fault related folds analysis, speculates the deep structural styles according to the fold fault quantitative relationship in geometry, and then develops the reasonable structural model for Gumudi anticline, by which reappears the structural deformation procedures through kinematic recovery of this anticline. The study indicates that Gumudi anticline is a nearly east west trending anticline and its tectonic deformation took place from late Yanshan movement to middle late Himalayan movement. The eastern part of the shallow structures in Gumudi anticline is a front faulted extensional anticline, toward the west it transits to nearly two side symmetrical detachment like faulted extensional anticline, and the deep structure is a dual stacking structure with the roof Xishanyao coal seam of the Middle Jurassic and the floor Lucaogou formation of Permian.


Since the report of Brown (6) that 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) increased the rate of carbon dioxide production from intact bean plants, many reports on the influence of 2,4-D on respiration have appeared in the literature. Smith (14) and Avery (1) have reviewed the literature which appeared before 1950. Some of the more recent papers are listed in the "Literature Cited" section of this paper (7, 8, 12, 17, 18). French and Beevers (7) suggest that the increase in respiration induced by 2,4-D, indoleacetic acid (IAA), and other plant growth substances is a result of the increase in growth induced by these substances. An increase in growth with an attendant increase in anabolic reactions would increase the supply of high energy phosphate acceptors, and thus, presumably, increase the rate of respiration. This suggestion was based, in part, on the findings that these plant growth substances, in the concentration range that increased the elongation of corn coleoptile segments, increased the respiration of the segments, while 2,4-dinitrophenol, which inhibited growth, also caused a marked increase in the rate of respiration. The work of Kelly and Avery (12) lends support to this interpretation. These workers found that, although the respiration of young pea stem tissue was markedly stimulated by 2,4-D, the respiration of tissue slices from older pea stem segments which had ceased to elongate was not increased by 2,4-D. Bonner and Bandurski (4), in their discussion of the action of IAA on respiration and growth, are inclined to a view similar to that of French and Beevers (7). This paper reports the results of an investigation on the phenomenon of respiratory stimulation by 2,4-D with respect to the qualitative and quantitative changes in the respiratory substrate. It is postulated that 2,4-D increases respiration by causing more glucose to be catabolized via the pentose phosphate path-


New uranium magnetic materials, UGaCo and UGaNi, have been discovered. The temperature and field dependences of the magnetization and the temperature dependences of the lattice parameters of the single crystals have been measured. It is shown that both compounds are highly anisotropic uniaxial ferromagnets. The magnetic properties are explained under the assumption that the 4f electrons are partially localized on the uranium ions and that the 3d metals are nonmagnetic.


AIMS
To describe nurses' perceptions of family nursing practice and to explore the influence of their perceptions of the benefits, barriers and activities of family engagement in care on family nursing practice.

DESIGN
A cross-sectional correlational study.

METHODS
In total, 460 nurses from two tertiary hospitals in the central region of Uganda participated. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected between August 2020 and January 2021 using the Family Nursing Practice Scale. Analyses included descriptive statistics, t-test, Pearson correlation, analysis of variance and ordinal logistics regression. Quantitative content analysis was carried out on the textual data.

RESULTS
Nurses who perceived that family engagement in care improves patient and family outcomes were more likely to rate family nursing practice highly. Perceived barriers to family engagement in care particularly time constraints, work overload and family-related conflicts have a negative and significant influence on family nursing practice. Nurse characteristics such as education, usual shift pattern and personal experience of having a family member in hospital are significantly associated with family nursing practice; nurses who work morning shifts were likely to report higher family nursing practice.

CONCLUSION
The study reveals that several parameters (perceived barriers, perceived benefits and nurse characteristics) influence nursing practice with families. Thus, bearing in mind the diversity of healthcare contexts, the findings show that multiple interacting factors are important for advancing family nursing interventions and practice.

IMPACT
Probabilistic factor-specific predictions of nursing practice with families are provided in this study - this addresses a gap in the evidence regarding the elements that should be optimized when designing well-informed policies and interventions to advance family nursing practice. A comparison of results in the literature with the present study's findings suggests a need to broaden the scope and context perspective in future research and broaden the understanding of how nurses´ perceptions influence family engagement in care.

REPORTING METHOD
The study adheres to the STROBE reporting guidelines.

PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION
Family members/caregivers were involved in the design of the study particularly in assessment of validation of the tools used in the study.


This paper shows an extended mutation score to evaluate a test suite for concurrent software in model-driven development. It is calculated based on a weighted PN (place/transition net) that consists of two elements. One is a PN that is constructed based on specifications of SUT (software under test), and another is the weights that are calculated based on software metrics.


Herein, the formation and evolution mechanism of inclusions of Al2O3·SiO2·CaO and Al2O3·SiO2·CaO·MgO in seamless steel tube steel are investigated. In the long strip defects on the longitudinal cross section of the steel tube after the rolling bar piercing, the defect is mainly formed by Al2O3·SiO2·CaO·MgO inclusions and Al2O3·SiO2·CaO·inclusions dotted with·CaS inclusions after the rolling. The typical inclusions in the different steelmaking stages are mainly composed of CaS, Al2O3·(SiO2), CaO·(SiO2), MnS·(TiN), Al2O3·SiO2·CaO·(CaS)·(MnS), Al2O3·SiO2·CaO·MgO·(MnO), Al2O3·SiO2·CaO·MgO·(CaS)·(MnS), etc. In the billet, the average sizes of Al2O3·SiO2·CaO‐based and Al2O3·SiO2·CaO·MgO‐based inclusions are much larger than those of the other types of inclusions. Part of SiO2 in the deoxidized products SiO2 can be reduced by [Al], resulting in the formation of the Al2O3·SiO2 composite inclusions. The SiO2 in Al2O3·SiO2 inclusions can continuously be reduced by the dissolved [Ca] to form the Al2O3·SiO2·CaO composite inclusions. The SiO2 in the Al2O3·SiO2·CaO inclusions can be reduced by the dissolved [Mg] to form the Al2O3·SiO2·CaO·MgO composite inclusions. Another formation process of Al2O3·SiO2·CaO·MgO inclusions is the entrapment of ladle slag in the vacuum degassing (VD) stage, due to the strong agitation of the rising Ar bubbles in the vacuum condition of the VD stage.


We have studied two slices of the Gibeon IVA iron that contain silica minerals. Previous investigators [1,2] who have reviewed occurrences of silica in IVA irons and related stony-irons have reported tridymite as a very rare component. We have found tridymite in three different types of occurrences, in one of which it is intergrown with quartz, a relationship reflecting a complicated inversion history.


The mechanism of atrial flutter induced by the local application of aconitine or by the Rosenblueth-Garcia Ramos method was studied in dogs. The results were analyzed from a pharmacologic and electrocardiographic point of view. It was concluded that aconitine-induced flutter is due to a single, rapidly firing ectopic focus and electrically-induced flutter to a circus movement. Although they can be differentiated electrocardiographically by means of direct cardiac leads, they cannot be differentiated by esophageal or limb leads.


Diffractions comprise the seismic response of subsurface geological discontinuities and thus can provide detailed geological information during 3D seismic exploration. The separation of weak diffractions from specular reflections is challenging, especially when the diffractions and reflections have similar kinematical characteristics in the 3D pre-stack case. Conventional separation methods often estimate the local slope based on optimization or the Hilbert transform, which directly depends on the distribution behaviour of seismic events and may lead to the aliasing effects of the hyperbolic reflected and diffracted slopes in the shot domain. In this study, a different method is employed: local slopes are parameterized and constrained to the normal moveout velocity and ray parameter, which can distinguish reflections and diffractions in the shot domain and enhance the stability and accuracy of local slopes. Interestingly, when the receiver line and the geological edge are coplanar, the corresponding edge diffractions and reflections exhibit extremely similar behaviour, rendering them indistinguishable. Considering this phenomenon, a 3D prestack diffraction separation strategy is proposed based on the estimation of the local slopes in two orthogonal directions. Thus, the accurate local slope can be used for plane-wave destruction when separating diffractions in the 3D prestack domain. Synthetic and field data applications demonstrate that the proposed separation strategy is effective and can obtain high-quality diffraction wavefields for detecting the subsurface discontinuous structure.


ABSTRACT Background There is a somewhat common understanding that links teaching and environmentalism. This may be because schools are pioneers or are often used as platforms for many environmental advocacies. Years of research have demonstrated that teaching increases awareness and concern for the environment and encourages people to protect the environment, however there is a deficit in the literature that probed and determined which among teacher activities may be considered as pro-environmental behavior. Purpose This study attempted to determine the influence of values, beliefs and norms in teaching disaster risk reduction. This paper attempted to reflect on teaching and environmentalism as deduced from the findings and aims to stimulate and contribute to the discussion on teaching and environmentalism. Participants Data were gathered from 185 public school science teachers teaching from grades 3 to 6 under the Department of Education – Division of Biliran located in one of the highly natural hazard-vulnerable islands in the Philippines. Participants were selected through random sampling of schools. All science teachers of the schools drawn were asked to voluntarily participate in the study. Design and methods This quantitative study made use of survey design using adapted and content-validated Likert scale questionnaire on values, beliefs and norms in teaching disaster risk reduction. Data collected were analyzed through partial least squares-structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) using Smart PLS. Conclusion Results conform to the Value-Belief-Norm Theory of Environmentalism, which suggest that teacher activities pertaining to the integration and teaching of disaster risk reduction in science lie within the continuum of environmentalism, therefore, they may be considered pro-environmental behavior.


This thesis, through Q Methodological Analysis, tried to analyze voluntary service activity activation factors of university students in department of physical education, and this thesis, through consultation with this author and 5 doctors majoring in physical education, selected 23 description sentences of 28 ones gathered from united voluntary service activity activation factors presented by precedent theses to attain the aim. In addition, in January 2010, this thesis selected total 20 university students as the first P-sample, 10 ones with experience of voluntary service activities and 10 ones with no experience, enrolled in D University located in Jeollanam-do and performed principal component analysis through QUANL. PC program on 18 students' materials except 2 students' materials which were responded unfaithfully. This thesis analyzed the type Ⅰ, type Ⅱ, and typeⅢ of voluntary service activity activation factors through the processes and leaded to the conclusion as followings. Voluntary service activity activation factor type Ⅰ included establishing and granting a credit on the subject of voluntary service activity related to physical education, preferring the students when a department scholarship is given, and department professors' guiding the students, type Ⅱ included expanding service activity areas for the students to participate in the areas interested in, establishing and granting a credit on the subject of voluntary service activity related to physical education, commending and compensating in relation to voluntary service activities, preferring the students when a department scholarship is given, preferring the students when department professors recommend students for employment, and developing and distributing voluntary service programs, and typeⅢ included systematically assisting at the school level, preferring the students when a department scholarship is given, preferring the students when department professors recommend students for employment, and advertising voluntary service activity. On the basis of the above, this thesis scrutinized the affirmative items of three types and found out that preferring the students when a department scholarship is given and preferring the students when department professors recommend students for employment were common. The affirmative common factors mean the systematic assist at the aspect of supply, that is, compensation and recognition. On the other hand, changing recognition of participating in voluntary service activities were analyzed to be a common negative factor.


This work had as its main objective, to study and analysis the media used in Dapac Group SA, to create a virtual communication strategy in order to improve customer service. An exercise in contextualization of the organization was conducted in terms of its nature structure, strategic focus, people, internal and external mechanisms of communication and customer management and service. Subsequently, with the idea to identify the characteristics and conditions of the communication process within the organization, two research instruments were applied. Then, in order to present the communications problems, specifically in customer service, faced by Dapac, a matrix of communication was developed. From this, it emerged as a proposal to take advantage of the resources of the company, to update information on products and services offered by the company on its website, and to introduce new channels of communication within the company. The design of the proposed pilot channel was elaborated giving as a result a virtual chat, YouTube channel and the virtual catalog, which would be found on the web page of the company. The work done, allowed reaching a proposal with clear support of reality and applicability, which responds to the needs of change and innovation of the company in its processes of communication and customer service.


The sulfur atom in sulfide minerals may have an argononic structure, with the sum of the covalent bonds and unshared pairs equal to 4 (with use of four spa orbitals), or a transargononic structure, with this sum greater than 4 (with use also of one or more 3d orbitals). Conclusions about the nature of the bonds and the structure of the sulfur atom can be drawn from the experimentally determined ligancies, bond lengths, and bond angles. A detailed discussion of realgar, orpiment, cinnabar, molybdenite, proustite, pyrargyrite, pyrostilpnite, sphalerite, wurtzite, greenockite, metacinnabarite, galena, baumhauerite, gratonite, binnite, covellite, sulvanite, mackinawite, pyrite, and marcasite leads to the conclusion that the principal structures of sulfur in these minerals are argononic with covalence 2, 3, or 4, and transargononic with covalence 4, 5, or 6. In some cases the structure is an argononic-transargononic hybrid. Fractional bonds (ligancy greater than covalence) are found in some minerals, such as galena.


Electrical developments have contributed materially to the efficient operation of pulp and paper mills throughout the United States. This can be appreciated readily when consideration is given to the extensive use of power throughout the industry. In the year 1947, the industry required some 14 billion kilowatt-hours to produce 21 million tons of paper.


Debate surrounding representations of the Holocaust inevitably revolves around a single key question: whose past is it to tell? If second-generation authors lack the authority to represent a trauma that they experienced only vicariously, as some critics claim, it follows that the fiction of the third-generation is doubly suspect for being twice removed from the Holocaust. As an author whose Jewish grandfather survived the Holocaust, I would suggest that the ethics of representing the atrocity poses particular challenges and opportunities for the third-generation writer. Does a familial link to the Holocaust lend our work an ethical validity missing from other contemporary Holocaust fiction? Or is our connection to the trauma so remote that it no longer impacts the reading or the writing of our work? In this case, perhaps, is familial connection no longer a prerequisite for writing 'worthy' or 'authoritative' Holocaust fiction? In this paper, I adapt Marianne Hirsch's notion of second-generation postmemory to consider a particular third-generation text, Jonathan Safran Foer's Everything Is illuminated. I suggest that Foer's metafiction is ethically valid not despite but because of its author's generational distance from the Holocaust. Foer uses distancing techniques in the language of the text to highlight his twice-mediated knowledge of the atrocity. By drawing attention to his remoteness from the Holocaust, Foer enables readers to compare their own dormant knowledge of the atrocity against the version being presented in the text. In this way, he leads readers away from a passive or complacent reading of history towards a more active one. Foer's model suggests that an author's very distance from the Holocaust, whether they are personally connected to the event or not, is in fact a necessary and productive ingredient of contemporary Holocaust fiction. Biographical Note:


The nutritionl resources and conditions of liquid fermentation of Grifola frondosa in submerged culture with shake flask were studied.The results showed that the appropriated carbon source was glucose.the nitrogen source was wheat bran.The suitable culture conditions were as follows:initial pH 6.0.inoculation volume 10%.the volume of shake flask 150mL/500mL.temperature 25℃,rotation rate 150~180 r·min-1 and culture period 144h.


Creativity and Cognitive development Of Early Childhood Education Study is one of subject in PGPAUD that student should take. This subject provide many kinds of strategic in creativity and cognitive area development for children. Student in PGPAUD will be given with creativity and cognitive development theory and should be able to implemete with early childhood depend to their needs and development. For that reason this sUbject was one kind of main subject (MKB) and have a big role that important to support the curriculum in PGPAD.The problems that appears in this research is how to improve competency and comprehension student in PGPAUD by using mind mapping Strategic in Creativity and Cognitive development Of Early Childhood Education Study. What is the effect of mind mapping strategy for competency of student especially in Creativity and Cognitive development Of Early Childhood Education Study.The aims of the research are (1) To applicate the new and inovative srategy of classroom learning. (2) To improve the quality and capability for student in Creativity and Cognitive development Of Early Childhood Education Study by mind mapping methode of learning.The conclusion of this research is there are two cyclus will be implementation in this research. In first cyclus the researcher collecting item by observation and interview also writing test that give a result student very interesting in this new method but still not reachble the success indikator. In second cyclus data will be collecting by observation, interview, and writing test. In second cyclus the lecturer and student already able to do mind mapping strategy more better and give conclusion that there is a significant increasing in student comprehension for Creativity and Cognitive development Of Early Childhood Education Study, and also the capability and profesionalism lecturer in learning strategy.The suggestion in this research are (1) mind maps method should implement continuity in learning activity for university especially in PGPAUD, FIP, UNNES. (2) Mind maps method can implement in other subject of early childhood education. (3) we should organize workshop and seminar in university about kinds of inovatif method which could support the quality of study in University State Of Semarang. Key words : Strategy, Mind Map, Comprehension, and Creativity and Cognitive development Of Early Childhood Education Study


Crébillon's Les Égarements du cœur et de l'esprit provides a textbook example ofwhatJean Rousset has called the "double registre" of the memoir novel:1 an older and wiser narrator relates the story of his younger, naïve self. The "I" is split into two different personae, hero and narrator, separated by time. In Crébillon's novel, the gap between the two is strikingly wide. While the narrator writes with a tone ofworld-weary assurance, his younger self—eternally undecided and awkward—demonstrates litde capacity for development. As Crébillon never completed the novel, the transition from point A to point B is not documented. This impossible divide between hero and narrator can be seen as the essential condition for Crébillon's reflection on education and self-