Technology-based industry convergence brings forth new competence-destroying technologies, increases product complexity and drives companies to enter into collaborative R&D arrangements outside their current business ecosystems. The technology-based convergence context is classified as technology substitution and technology integration convergence types, and requires new collaborative competencies spanning business ecosystems that are not identified in the current literature. This paper explores the critical success factors (CSFs) of inter-company R&D collaboration in different types of convergence projects. The study finds that the convergence types are differentiated by their focal areas: product features, relative product advantage and market need orientation. We further discuss the important CSFs of the convergence types and provide insights for managers in our results.


Rhizosphere microorganisms are abundant in plants,and some beneficial ones can improve the micro-eco-environment of rhizosphere,promote plant growth,inhibit or reduce the diseases of plants,decrease the utilization of fertilizers and pesticides,and relieve the environmental pollution.Mulberry as an important cash crop,the rhizosphere characteristics were very complicated for the long-time planted in the same place,the study of rhizosphere microorganisms of which has important significance to the growth and development,the biological control of diseases,and the exploitation of new fertilizers and medicines.


New insights into the impact of scattering-induced inter-symbol interference (ISI) and oceanic turbulence on channel capacity and mutual information of underwater optical wireless links are analyzed when a binary input constraint is imposed on the channel input and non-uniform on-off keying (OOK) modulation is considered.


Compression and shear behavior of a loosely compacted loess is investigated via two series of saturated and unsaturated direct shear tests. The vapor transfer mechanism is used to modify a shear box device for control of suction at high range. In spite of significant volumetric strain upon wetting (up to 14%), suction-induced volumetric shrinkage is less than 2% for all suction levels considered because of the as-compacted moisture content at the dry side of the optimum value. During shearing, all unsaturated tests dried to high suctions indicate a strain-softening mode of failure associated with noticeable dilation. There is a continuous increase in peak strength with suction but at a reduced rate, which cannot be captured by the improved Bishop's effective stress model, as it underestimates the contribution of high suctions by approaching zero degree of saturation. Unsaturated tests at high suctions also show an increased rate of dilation with suction for both values of net stress, which cannot be predi...


Predicting the channel quality for an underwater acoustic communication link is not a straightforward task. Previous approaches have focused on either physical observations of weather or engineered signal features, some of which require substantial processing to obtain. This work applies a convolutional neural network to the channel impulse responses, allowing the network to learn the features that are useful in predicting the channel quality. Results obtained are comparable or better than conventional supervised learning models, depending on the dataset. The universality of the learned features is also demonstrated by strong prediction performance when transferring from a more complex underwater acoustic channel to a simpler one.


Summary The exact solution to the stability of a simply supported rectangular plate loaded along two opposite edges by several equidistant point loads is presented. Criteria are derived which, if met, permit the true stress state throughout the plate to be radically simplified.


Abstract The Mobius algebra of a poset was introduced by Solomon and also studied by Greene in the special case of lattices. Let L denote a geometric lattice. Our key idea is to consider all the characteristic polynomials of upper intervals in L as components of one object, which is multiplicative. Now, by simple algebraic means we obtain new identities involving the characteristic polynomial and the Tutte polynomial of a geometric lattice.


Presently,the carbon measurement of boiler slag in power plants has many defects.Such as the low precision and the unreal time result.Thus,this paper built a new soft sensor model based on neural network and genetic algorithm,which train the weights of the network by genetic algorithm.When the model was used in a 220 t/h tangential coal fired boiler,it got a nice result.


Flexible multibody systems arise in the simulation of vehicles, robots, air‐ and spacecrafts. Based on the example of a rotating elastic beam, we examine the numerical stiffness problem that characterizes these systems and discuss the alternative application of reduced models.


The last decade has seen developments challenging the abilities of managerial account- ing theories in supporting firms with environmental conscious decision-making that are grounded in the expanded accountability of firms toward nature and society. Critical theorists have argued that the shortcomings of the accounting theories to interpret the impacts of business activities on nature have its origin in the missing accounting stan- dards, under-defined contractual boundaries, and the absence of a valid numéraire (mon etary equivalency). In this chapter, the author posits that these shortcomings are a legacy of the economic paradigm within which the accounting frameworks operate and would remain so, unless a paradigm change evolves to handle environmental-related consider- ations on its own, even if it means rewriting rules to generate accounting interpretations of business activities. Instead of offering a methodological solution, this chapter ideates how having "environment" as integral to the accounting paradigm would enable firms in evaluating, accounting, and reporting environmental performance transparently and improve flow of information to help management face sustainability-related challenges better.


IN A METHOD FOR PREPARATION OF CHLOROBENZENE NITRATION MONONITROCHLOROBENZENE BY USING A MIXTURE OF NITRIC AND Phosphoric Acid, NITRATION REACTION IS MADE USING MOLAR REPORT NITRIQUECHLOROBENZENE ACID THAN 1 IN THE PRESENCE OF ACID Phosphoric CONCENTRATED TO TEMPERATURES IN NOW 50-120C CONCENTRATION PHOSPHORIC ACID EXPRESSED IN PO, A 72.4 BY WEIGHT OR MORE DURING THE REACTION.


The direct equations of parallel manipulator are deduced,and the way of numerical value solution is discussed according to the characteristic of equations.Matlab is one of the most powerful mathematical calculation software.This article introduces how to solves this kind of question using the Matlab software and toolbox,the programming is simple,and the conclusion has been confirmed.


A General Meeting of the British Association of Allergists was held at the Royal Society of Medicine, Wimpole Street, London, W. i on Saturday, January 22nd, 1955. Professor R. J. S. McDowall gave a talk on ,,Some Sodium Effects". He was followed by Dr. J. R. Riley on "The Cytological Lx)cation of Tissue Histamine". The last talk in the morning session was given by Mr. W. E. Brocklehurst on "Pharmacologically Active Substances following the Anaphylactic reaction in lung". In the afternoon papers were read by Dr. F. J. Prime on "Mechanical Aspects of Bronchospasm" and Dr. H. G. J. Herxheimer on "Experimental Asthma".


The Boreal Ecosystem-Atmospheric Study (BOREAS) TE-12 (Terrestrial Ecology) team collected photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) data sets in support of its efforts to characterize and interpret information on shoot geometry, leaf optical properties, leaf water potential, and leaf gas exchange. The data were collected at the Southern Study Area-Old Black Spruce (SSA-OBS) site from 04-Jul-1996 to 25-Jul-1996. The data are stored in tabular ASCII files. The data files are available on a CD-ROM (see document number 20010000884), or from the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) Distributed Active Archive Center (DAAC).


In 1965 A. Renyi [1] demonstrated in his Landmark paper the mathematical model of random search. In this work we will study a generalized and modified model of Renyi. We will deduce the correspondence definitions of superimposed code for Renyi's model, and obtain lower and upper bounds for the optimal length of superimposed code


Hopping robots have advantages of crossing obstacles compared with wheel robots and crawl robots.A three-joint hopping robot was designed and its simplified mechanical model was established.The kinematics of the robot was analyzed in an analytical mechanics view.By using Lagrange method,the dynamic equations of the robot in the standing phase and flying phase were established,and numerical simulation of the dynamic equations was carried out with Matlab.The results of the simulation show each joint driven by the electrical machine has a small amplitude vibration.The results explain that the vibration problem of a hopping robot must be solved when studying its stability.


A two-level graph cut algorithm is presented to deal with the coherence preservation problem that appears when trying to perform colour harmonisation on images and videos. Region-level graph cut is a technique used to avoid harmonising disconnected areas belonging to the same object with different harmonic hues. Pixel-level graph cut is a technique used to obtain a spatially coherent harmonisation. The authors extend this algorithm to videos by employing optical flow, region growing and foreground extraction algorithms, and present a temporally consistent video harmonisation method. The proposed approach overcomes several shortcomings of the existing methods, and the experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of it.


Background & objectives: Examination of the respiratory system by pulmonary function tests has been evolved as clinical tool in diagnosis, management and following up of respiratory diseases because it provides objective information about the state of an individual's respiratory system. The present study aimed at evaluating pulmonary function among the smokers students of medical college of Babylon University and to compare their data with that of non-smokers students. Methods: A total of 80 (45 smokers students and 35 healthy young subjects) were randomly sampled for the study from the medical college of the Babylon University. The study population (20-25 year age group) had similar socioeconomic background. Each subject filled up the questionnaire to record their personal demographic data, health status. Subjects with any history of pulmonary diseases were excluded from the study. Results: The study showed significant differences between smoker and non-smoker groups regarding forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and body mass index (BMI) (P ≤ 0.05), few of students had changes in respiratory function (mild obstruction), there was also significant relation between FEV1 and pack year, the students were not heavy smokers, no female student was found to be smoker. Conclusions: From the present study it can be concluded that the students in all groups have normal range of pulmonary function, most of the students smoke few number of cigarettes, and the smoking had considerable effect on lung function.


s of the talks • Vahagn Aslanyan, Carnegie Mellon University Weak Modular Zilber-Pink with Derivatives I'll present two weak versions of Pila's Modular Zilber-Pink with Derivatives (MZPD) conjecture. Those can be proven using the Ax-Schanuel theorem and an appropriate Existential Closedness (EC) conjecture for the j-function. Although the EC conjecture in its general form is still open, some special cases are easy to prove which can be used to establish a weak Modular Andre-Oort statement with Derivatives unconditionally. I will also explain how one can prove a special case of one of the aforementioned weak MZPD conjectures unconditionally. • Daniel Bertrand, IMJ-PRG, Université Pierre et Marie-Curie, Paris Logarithmic Ax and special curves in a mixed Shimura threefold I will report on a recent work with H. Schmidt (ArXiV:1803.04835v1) on unlikely intersections in a family of semi-abelian surfaces over a given CM elliptic curve. This relies on a case-by-case study of the monodromy of the corresponding Betti map. Following a similar path, the result turns into a solution of Pink's conjecture for the mixed Shimura variety attached to the Poincare bi-extension over the elliptic curve. • Gal Binyamini, Weizmann Institute of Science Using functional transcendence to sharpen the Pila-Wilkie theorem The Pila-Wilkie theorem plays a key role in Pila's proof of the modular Ax-Lindemann theorem and in the proof of many subsequent functional independence statements of Ax-Lindemann and Ax-Schanuel type. In this talk I will discuss an implication in the reverse direction: using functional independence statements to deduce effective bounds on the geometry of foliations defined over number fields, and deriving sharper forms of the Pila-Wilkie theorem (in the spirit of Wilkie's conjecture) as a consequence. If time permits I will discuss some applications of this approach to effectivity questions in problems of unlikely intersections. • Paola D'Aquino, Università degli Studi della Campania Spectrum of Ẑ hat and finite adeles over Q We study the structure sheaf of Ẑ and of the finite adeles. We give a description of localizations of the previous two rings at primes, and we generalize this to product of valuation rings. We use tools from logic as ultraproduct and Feferman-Vaught theorem. Thisis a join work with A. Macintyre alnd M. Otero. • Philipp Habegger, Unversität Basel Variation of the Néron-Tate Height in a Family of Abelian Varieties The Néron-Tate height attached to a polarized abelian variety defined over a number field can detect points of finite order. The distribution of points of small height with respect to the Zariski topology is governed by Bogomolov's Conjecture, proved by Ullmo and Zhang. At the center of this talk is the variation of the Néron-Tate height in a family of abelian varieties when the base is a curve defined over a number field. I will explain how the monodromy action on the period lattice can be used to recover a statement that is reminiscent of functional transcendence. Its main application is an inequality between the Néron-Tate height and the Weil height on a subvariety of the family. This inequality extends some aspects of Silverman's Specialization Theorem to higher dimension. I will also discuss an application to the Bogomolov Conjecture over a function field. This is joint work with Ziyang Gao. • Jonathan Kirby, University of East Anglia Local interdefinability of elliptic functions We consider definability issues around elliptic functions, that is, around the Weierstrass ℘, ζ and σ-functions which are associated to the exponential maps of elliptic curves and their multiplicative and additive extensions. We work locally in the real topology in an o-minimal setting. In earlier work with Jones and Servi, we used Ax-Schanuel theorems for ℘-functions to show, for example, that one ℘-function is locally definable from another if and only if the corresponding lattices are isogenous, possibly after applying complex conjugation to one. In this talk I will discuss the extensions of these results to ζ and σ-functions and some of the complications which occur. This is joint work with Gareth Jones and Harry Schmidt. • Bruno Klingler, Humboldt Universität, Berlin Definability of period maps and algebraicity of Hodge loci I will explain that period maps for pure variations of Hodge structures are definable in the o-minimal structure . As a corollary we recover the algebraicity of Hodge loci, a classical result of Cattani, Deligne and Kaplan. Joint work with Bakker and Tsimerman. • David Masser, Universität Basel On a question of Katz-Oort II This talk is a continuation of Umberto Zannier's. A simple example of what we have proved is the existence of many abelian fourfolds, defined over Q and with endomorphism ring Z, which are not isogenous to any jacobian. We will describe more details of the proof strategy for general g. The use of "Hodge-generic" is essential to the argument, and a particular tool is provided by "endomorphism estimates", which extend isogeny estimates. • Ngaiming Mok, University of Hong-Kong Curvature, Rescaling and Uniformization Problems on Bounded Symmetric Domains The asymptotic behavior of invariant metrics on bounded domains has been an important tool in several complex variables especially in characterization theorems. A first instance of such a result is the work of B. Wong (1977) showing that a strictly pseudoconvex domain in the Euclidean space is biholomorphic to the complex unit ball B whenever it admits a noncompact group of automorphisms, a result which was obtained by exploiting the asymptotic curvature behavior of the Bergman metric and by the method of rescaling. Here by rescaling we will mean the process of composing with a divergent sequence of automorphisms and extracting a convergent subsequence. We will illustrate the method of rescaling by studying special classes of algebraic subsets of bounded symmetric domains Ω in their Harish-Chandra realizations and explain how the method leads to solutions of problems on uniformization and functional transcendence on bounded symmetric domains, including (a) a differential-geometric proof of the hyperbolic AxLindemann Theorem for the rank-1 case and (b) a solution of the characterization of totally geodesic subsets of XΓ = Ω/Γ as the unique bi-algebraic subvarieties without using monodromy results of André-Deligne. These solutions are obtained by studying the asymptotic geometry of a subvariety as it exits ∂Ω and by the method of rescaling, and they apply without assuming arithmeticity of the lattices. • Joel Nagloo, City University New York The Ax-Lindemann-Weierstrass with derivative and the genus 0 Fuchsian Groups The works of Pila and later Freitag and Scanlon, give the Ax-Lindemann-Weierstrass with derivatives for the Hauptmoduls of arithmetic subgroups of PSL2(Z). A challenge is to prove similar transcendence results for the Hauptmoduls of all Fuchsian groups of genus zero. The aim of this talk is to discuss some recent progress made in this direction for the cocompact triangle groups (and related 'Galois coverings'). I will also explain what I mean by the differential Ax-Lindemann-Weierstrass in this context and the relevance of the model theory of differentially closed fields of characteristic 0. This is joint work with Guy Casale. • Kobi Peterzil, University of Haifa The image of a definable set in a compact nilmanifold (joint with Sergei Starchenko) We extend our previous work on o-minimal flows inside complex and real tori to compact nilmanifolds, namely quotients of unipotent groups by lattices. Theorem. Assume that G is a real linear unipotent group and X a closed subset of G which is definable in some o-minimal structure M over the reals. For every lattice L in G (i.e. a co-compact discrete subgroup) there exists a definable subset XL of G, such the closure of p(X) in G/L equals p(XL) (here p : G→ G/L is the quotient map). Moreover, the set XL is obtained, uniformly in L, via certain subgroups of G which arise from examining complete types on X. When X is a Lie subgroup of G, the above follows from a theorem of Ratner in ergodic theory. We then use our work on mu-stabilizers of types in o-minimal structures, as well as the theory of Tame pairs, to reduce the problem to this result about groups. • Thomas Scanlon, University of California, Berkeley Differential algebraic Zilber-Pink theorems As is well known, it follows from the Seidenberg embedding theorem that the functional AxLindemann-Weierstrass and Ax-Schanuel theorems on the transcendence of the covering maps for various locally symmetric spaces admit differential algebraic formulations. We will derive effective versions of instances of the Zilber-Pink conjectures from these differential algebraic interpretations. (This is a report on a joint project with Jonathan Pila.) • Harry Schmidt, University of Manchester Counting rational points and iterated polynomial equations In joint work with Gareths Boxall and Jones we prove a poly-logarithmic bound for the number of rational points on the graph of functions on the disc that exhibit a certain decay. I will present an application of this counting theorem to the arithmetic of dynamical systems. It concerns fields generated by the solutions of equations of the form P ◦n(z) = P ◦n(y) for a polynomial P of degree D ≥ 2 where y is a fixed algebraic number. The general goal is to show that the degree of such fields grows like a power of D. • Sergei Starchenko, University of Notre-Dame Remarks on definable fundamental sets in o-minimal structures (joint with Kobi Peterzil) Assume that Γ is a discrete infinite group acting on a complex manifold M . A goal is to realize the quotient space Γ \M as a definable object in an o-minimal structure. The following is sufficient: the existence of a definable (in some o-minimal structure) subset F of M such that (1) Γ.F = M and (2) the set of {g ∈ Γ : g.F ∩ F is non empty } i


Two activation methods(alcohol and ionomycin+ 6-DMAP) and three culture mediums(CZB,KSOM and M199) were used for study of oocyte parthenogenetic activation in 90 mice.The result showed: The activation effect of ionomycin+ 6-DMAP was better than alcohol; Among three mediums, CZB was the best on parthenogenetic activation of mouse oocytes. There had a significant difference among CZB,KSOM and M199 at the development rate of oocytes,in proper order was CZB,KSOM and M199.


This paper discusses the teaching of computer science and engineering in the laboratory. A case is made for the use of laboratory experiences together with the classification of the types of laboratories both in and out of the university environment. Emphasis is placed on the design component. The current problems in establishing, developing, and maintaining laboratory programs are addressed and the response to these from the IEEE Computer Society and the ACM are presented. Typical costs are given to set up the components of a laboratory program for a full curriculum.


We generalize the time-bin encoding implementation of the semi-device-indenpendent quantum random number generator (QRNG) of (Brask et al.)[1], from two states to n states. In ordrer to use a prepare-and-measure protocol, n nonorthognal states can be prepared, with a constant overlap between each pair, encoded by weak coherent pulses and emitted by n-packet of time bins. States are then measure using unambiguous quantum states discriminator (USD). Relation between the number of time-bin and the min-entropy according to detector efficiency, and mean photon number will be detailed, and some implications will be discussed.


Why are there no moral restraints on democratic citizenship in contemporary liberal states ? In the classical view of Aristotle, temperance was a prerequisite for practical wisdom, having the consequence of an anti-liberal state with strictly exclusive citizenship. A study of the early Stoa and Spinoza shows the reasons to reject this view. Stoic philosophy tightens the requirements for wisdom and apatheia, resulting in the practical equality of the vast majority of unwise people. Clear political consequences are, however, lacking. While assuming a similar position on the necessity of self-control, Spinoza does not make it a requirement for citizenship, nor does he recommend anti-liberal measures since this would disturb peace among the unwise majority. He defends a liberal democracy because it is the best environment for the ideal of individual, autonomous development. Today this still is an important argument for caution against restraints on citizenship and personal life.


In this essay, I argue that for sentences of form "A is B" there is a distinction between identity and "mere" predication to be made, and that Leśniewski's Ontology puts us in a better position to make this distinction than first-order predicate logic. I also gesture at how Ontology could help us to decide questions of identity. The nub of the matter seems to be a "primordial" sense of the copula that Ontology has at its basis.


The gig economy concept is an economy that adopts a labor market consisting of freelance and short-term jobs as a mechanism that does not go to work and has no employer. Psychosocial risks/psychosocial hazards were defined by the International Labor Organization in 1984 as "interactions that have the potential to affect health, job performance, and job satisfaction through perceptions and experiences between the working environment, job content, organizational conditions, and employee capacities, needs, culture, and non-work issues" defined as. Psychosocial risks are one of the less-studied topics in the gig economy, but it is an issue that needs a comprehensive evaluation in terms of employee health and safety in the gig economy. This study was designed as qualitative research to analyze psychosocial risks in gig economy workers and consists of in-depth interviews with 20 people and a detailed analysis of these interviews.


Background and aim: Every day, at least 830 women die around the world as a result of complications related to pregnancy and childbirth, with the majority of the deaths occurring in the developing countries. Traditional practices throughout pregnancy and childbirth are one of the causative reasons for this maternal death. This study aimed to assess traditional practices that affect maternal health and its associated factors among women of childbearing age. Methods: A facility-based cross-sectional study design was conducted on 308 participants using systematic sampling method. The study was done from 17 May to 17 June 2018, at Aysaita primary hospital, Afar region, Northeast Ethiopia. The data was collected by a structured interviewer-administered questionnaire. Data were entered into SPSS version 20 for analysis. X2 test with a p-value of less than 0.05 was used to declare the significance of the association with the independent and outcome variable. Results: The study findings showed that 101 women (32.8%) practiced nutritional taboo during pregnancy. Also, 53(17.2%) and 56(18.2%) women practiced abdominal massage during pregnancy and delivery, respectively. Among included study participants, 54(17.5%) washed their babies immediately after birth. There was an association between educational status (p=0.041) and parity (p=0.003) with nutritional taboo. Additionally, an association was seen between parity (p=<0.001) and education (p=<0.001) with abdominal massage and home delivery. Conclusion: Traditional practices in the study area were relatively high. Therefore, health education of the mother and promoting formal female education are crucial to the reduction or avoidance of these cultural malpractices.


In recent years,our country carried out many incentive policies for geological exploration unit by virtue of its own technical advantages to actively develop the overseas markets and seek new economic point of growth.Implement the strategy of"going out"is not only the stage of looking for mineral resources,but also the important method for developing geological exploration economy.Solid advance"going out"strategy is the inevitable choice for geological industry to adapt to the current development of the domestic economy,and one of the choices to achieve continuous development.


The PTB as the national metrology institute of Germany offers traceable pattern placement calibrations on 2D objects, primarily photomasks. The calibrations are performed by means of an optical mask comparator, the LMS 2020 from Leica company, with measurement uncertainties of 35 nm for the positions of patterns on, for example, high quality 152 mm masks. By far the largest uncertainty contribution for pattern placement measurement is due to the traceability to the SI unit of length. For interferometry in air, traceable length measurement puts high demands on the determination of the refractive index of air. This was, amongst other reasons, one point for the PTB to start the development of a new measurement system, the Electron Optical Metrology System (EOMS), which utilizes laser interferometry in a vacuum. The basic components of the EOMS will be described and a discussion about the different contributions entering the uncertainty budget is given on the basis of recent investigations. Latest pattern placement measurements on 1 micrometers structures on a 6 inch photomask showed reproducibilities from 5 to 7 nm.


This paper is a broad introduction to the issues facing designers of ship-to-shore linkspans for roll-on-roll-off ferry terminals, including mechanically lifted, pontoon, semi-submersible and integral tank types, outlining some key problems associated with each type. It discusses the development of design guidance since the 1994 ramsgate walkway collapse, leading to the publication of BS 6349-8 in the UK in 2007 with guidance on lifting equipment, transition geometry and loadings. Ship damage and wave action on linkspans are also discussed.


A new design method of multiaxial effective motion control card based on MCU and FPGA is proposed in this paper. Complex surface and curve interpolation of six-axis could be achieved in this control card, which can greatly improve the surface processing efficiency. By a modular design idea,bus driver module, the data latch and decoding circuit module, dual-ports RAM module, microcontroller module, FPGA module, power conversion module and the configuration modules of FPGA chip are designed, these modules are connected to form the hardware circuit of the motion control card. On the Quartus II platform, by DDA interpolation theory, interpolation modules are built through VHDL. And these interpolator modules are connected into schematic diagrams. By those schematic diagrams a linear interpolator, a circular interpolator and a composite interpolator are formed. The corresponding functions of those interpolators have been simulated on the Quartus II platform. The simulation shows that this card is effective to complex interpolation combined surface with curve in line contact machining.


The human central nervous system (CNS) displays the greatest cellular diversity of any organ system, consisting of billions of neurons, of numerous cell sub-types, interconnected in a vast network. ...


stains where ever necessary. RESULTS : In the present study total number of 147 cases of thyroid swellings are analysed and compared with FNAC and final Histopathology report which regarded as the gold standard .e cytological report of thyroid imprints was given as Non neoplastic lesions (Goiters, thyroiditis), Neoplastic (benign & malignant) & tabulated as shown below. The table revealed that both on FNAC & imprint cytology non neoplastic lesions are the most common followed by benign and malignant lesions. The table reveals that out of 170 cases noticed highest incidence was rd th th nd noticed in 3 decade followed by 4 ,5 ,2 & 6th decades respectively. DISCUSSION : In this study Patients with palpable thyroid swellings were subjected to pre operative FNAC. Patient whose FNAC report indicated surgery were followed to surgery. In the Operation Thea tre during surgery Objective : Imprint cytology is more accurate than FNAC by comparing the two by Chi Square test. It helps in early detection and proper management of thyroid lesions using Histopatholgy report which is regarded as gold standard and help to reduce unwanted surgeries. ABSTRACT


China is a country where natural disasters happen frequently, and the losses caused by natural disasters have offset the great wealth accumulated by the construction of China's economy, and has become an impediment to the sustained and stable development of China's economy to a certain extent. Through analyzing, the article concludes that the occurrence of natural disasters is not conducive to the growth of China's economy according to production function, and in the last ten years, the annual growth rate of the economy has been affected by 0.29 percent on average because of the occurrence of natural disasters according to the empirical analysis based on Harrod-Domar model. The article suggests to reduce the impact of natural disasters on economic growth by increasing the investment in fixed assets and decreasing the replacement investment in disaster losses.


1MTECH, NITTTR, Bhopal , India ---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------Abstract Power Line Communication (PLC) is a substitute to wireless communication for providing high-speed broadband multimedia services within the office or home with the advantage of abolishing the requirement for additional power cables and reducing the communication infrastructure cost. The development of power line communication requires sufficient information of the PLC physical properties and characteristics in order to choose suitable transmission methods. This paper presents analysis of Multipath technique which is based on Time Domain Modeling technique [3]. In order to evaluate the performance of PLC, this thesis simulates practical multipath PLC channel model on the basis of reference channels and provides the Bit-Error-Rate (BER) vs. Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) curves for Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM). Hence by comparing the BER of the data transmitted through these reference channels, a practical reference channel is proposed forward which can be used effectively for Power Line.


Samples of clinically normal skin from a sun‐protected site were obtained from 106 autopsy eases. For the first time epithelial apoptosis was documented in postmortem skin, and illustrated using light and electron micrographs. The epidermis was otherwise normal clinically and histologically. A close morphological similarity was observed between these apoptotic keratinocytes and examples of individual epithelial cell death previously described in lichen planus and certain other dermatoses.


In this paper, a novel feature ranking criterion for selecting interval valued features in supervised environment is introduced. The introduced feature ranking criterion works on uni-variate interval valued data. Each feature is evaluated and associated with a score using the proposed ranking criterion. Subsequently the features are sorted based on their scores. A feature sub-setting is accomplished by considering the top d' features where d' is empirically selected. The introduced feature selection criterion is validated using a suitable symbolic classifier on relatively large dataset of flowers and water dataset. The experimental results show the superiority of the proposed feature ranking criterion stating that it outperforms the state-of-the-art feature selection methods both in-terms of dimension and classification accuracy.


Abstract
In this paper, the author presents the
overview of articles corresponding to
the Ottoman era of Bosnia-Herzego-
vina's history, published in the Institute
of History's journal Contributions.
Given that the main goal was to collect
articles from the mentioned period,
this paper contains an overview and
brief references to the same, not a
critical analysis. In order to clarify
certain events or contexts, the author
used other relevant works.
Keywords
Prilozi, Ottoman age, historiography,
administration, military, society,
culture


In the present study, batch adsorption experiments of hazardous cadmium ions, Cd(II), onto low-cost Dodonaeae Viscose Legs (DVLs) surface were conducted with respect to contact time, solution pH, adsorbent dosage, initial Cd concentration and temperature. Sorption isotherm, kinetic and thermodynamic models were used to describe the equilibrium stage and their constants were determined. The DVLs were used without chemical or physical activation processes. The results showed that the optimum adsorption capacity of DVLs for Cd(II) ions was found to be 25.29 mg/g at solution pH 5.26, 50 min and 303K. DVL adsorption data was fitted well with Langmuir isotherm. The mean free energy was found to be 1.82E-02 using Dubinin-Radushkevich (DRK) isotherm, which indicates that the adsorption of Cd(II) ions onto DVL surface is physical adsorption. The activation energy (Ea) was 3.06 kJ/mol, which confirms that Cd(II)-DVL adsorption process is physical sorption. Pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, Elovich, intra-particle and extra-particle diffusion models were used to describe the adsorption kinetics. The results show strong correspondence to a pseudo-second-order kinetics. Thermodynamic parameters suggested that the adsorption of Cd(II) ions onto DVL surface is an exothermic process.


Performance evaluation of banking sector in India is assuming greater significance in view of intense competition, greater customer demands and changing banking reforms. This study attempts to analyze comparative performance of select Indian banks during the period 1997–2004 using output-oriented CRR DEA model. In this study segmentation of banking sector in India was done in terms of bank assets size, ownership status and years of operation. The study arrives at the conclusion that foreign owned banks are in general most efficient and among other banks 'new banks' are more efficient than old ones, which are burdened with old debts. In terms of size, whereas smaller banks are globally efficient, but large banks are locally efficient. Moreover, this study also concluded evidence of presence of concentration of efficiency parameters among peer bank groups.


The granular metal - insulator films are composite materials consisting of metallic nanograins embedded in an insulating matrix. The ferromagnetic metal - insulator thin films with very high electrical resistivity are an excelent candidate for high permeability cores in thin film inductors which operate at high frequencies. A source of losses are eddy currents in the magnetic layers. A possible way to reduce these losses is to fabricate the magnetic/dielectric multilayers. This paper reports some results concerning the influence of the FeCoB and SiO 2 layers composition and annealing temperature on the resistive, magnetic and microstructural properties of [FeCoB/(SiO 2 )]×n multilayer thin films. As compared to the well known FeCoB alloys, widely used in the electromagnetic micro-devices which can operate at high frequencies, the [FeCoB/(SiO 2 )]×n (n ≥ 30) thin films exhibit high resistivity over 8 x 10 - 3 mΩ.m while superior soft magnetic properties specific for FeCoB thin films are maintained. The [FeCOB/(SiO 2 )]×60 thin films after annealing at 300 °C show good resistive and magnetic properties of the resistivity ρ ≅ 49 mΩ m, saturation magnetization Ms ≅ 149 emu/g and coercive field Hc ≅ 7 Oe.


Aims: Sleep disorder is associated with several physical, behavioral and psychological problems. There are some evidences on disturbance of sleep quality in hemodialysis patients. Present study was performed in order to evaluate the effect of applying continuous care model on sleep quality of hemodialysis patients. Methods: This quasi-experimental study was performed on hemodialysis patients of Goldis hospital of Shahin-shahr during 2008 and 2009. 43 patients were selected by census sampling method. Data collection was performed by Pittsburg sleep quality questionnaire. The applied model contained four steps (orientation, sensitization, control and evaluation). Patients were divided into five groups and 4-6 training sessions during three weeks were held for each group. During the next 9 weeks, consultations for continuous sleep monitoring, control and evaluation were performed. Immediately after intervention and one month later, questionnaires were filled out again. Data were analyzed by SPSS 15, using descriptive and analytic statistics. Results: According to Pittsburg questionnaire the less score shows the better situation, the mean score of sleep quality before intervention (10.39±3.64) was significantly (p<0.0001) higher than that before intervention (5.54±2.87). In addition, sufficient sleep was seen in 17.4% of patients before intervention, which showed significant increase (p=0.0001) to 55% after intervention. Conclusion: Performing the continuous care model has positive effect on sleep quality of hemodialysis patients. Training nurses in using this model can improve the sleep quality of hemodialysis patients.


Abstract While early gendered messages mold children's expectations about the world, we know relatively little about the depictions of women in politics and exposure to gender stereotypes in elementary social studies curricula. In this article, we examine the coverage of political leaders in the children's magazine TIME for Kids, a source commonly found in elementary school classrooms. Coding all political content from this source over six years, we evaluate the presence of women political leaders and rate whether the leaders are described as possessing gender-stereotypic traits. Our results show that although TIME for Kids covers women leaders in greater proportion than their overall representation in politics, the content of the coverage contains gendered messages that portray politics as a stereotypically masculine field. We show that gendered traits are applied differently to men and to women in politics: feminine and communal traits are more likely to be applied to women leaders, while men and women are equally described as having masculine and agentic traits. Portrayals of women political leaders in stereotype-congruent ways is problematic because early messages influence children's views of gender roles.


Four years from now a streamlined super-agency, envisaged by the UK government for defence R&D, will have to find up to £50m a year from outside the Ministry of Defence if current research levels are to be maintained. But insiders are sceptical that such funds will be found.


Objective To investigate the relationship between chronic periodontitis(CP)and cerebral thrombosis(CT).Methods Select 76 patients with cerebral thrombosis in Neurology of Liaoning Provincial People's Hospital from February 2008 to October 2009.Ninety-eight cases of non-periodontal disease from dental clinics were as a control group.The same clinical questionnaire and examination were completed.The incidence rate of periodontal disease and status of periodontal tissue were compared in two groups.Results The incidence rate of CP in the CT group was much higher than that in the control group(P 0.05).Data from univariate analysis showed that there was significant difference in PD and CAL between patients with CT and those without CT.Significant dosage effective response was a1so found in the relationship between CP and CT.Conclusion There might be some correlation between CP and cerebral thrombosis.


An ATV is the vehicle which is designed to move through all terrains. We are using this vehicle for various range of purposes such as military purpose, rescue purpose during natural calamities and also for forest inspections. [1] Suspension system of this vehicle should be strong enough so that it will give better ride quality and maximum comfort to the driver. Double wishbone suspension system is selected and is designed in LSA (Lotus Suspension Analysis).After designing the hard points are received and using them A-arms are designed by using SOLIDWORKS and CATIA software and after that we selected the material to fabricate it but before fabrication we have analysed the various stresses acting upon it by ANSYS. We have also designed front and rear uprights and analysed it by using ANSYS. This project aims at selecting, analysing and fabricating a suspension system of ATV which will capable of handling


This is conceptual study of vitiated air heater(VAH), the necessary ground test facility, for characteristics studies of scramjet combustion and development of scramjet engines. The VAH is one of various types which provided hot air to an intake or a combustion chamber of scramjet and it must use suitable fuel to get hot combustion gas and more similar mixture gas(vitiated air) to real air. In the study, foreign VAHs being capable of providing very high temperature were researched, and injectors for VAH using LNG(CH4) or hydrogen were designed conceptually to develop scramjet vehicle.


The importance of energy for mankind is pointed out and the necessity to find new kinds of energy is discussed. Nuclear energy is the only way to solve this problem, as was forecasted by A. Einstein one hundred years ago, which has opened a new era of nuclear energy, where attention was paid to fission and fusion energy. In this paper, the technology to use nuclear energy is presented with detailed description of the requirement to use fusion energy, its development and the present status, including magnetic confinement and inertial confinement. Now tokamak is the best choice to use fusion energy, so the contribution of ITER is an important step and milestone of the research and development of fusion energy. The strategy in energy development in this century in China is also disscussed in the last part of this paper.


The rotational transitions of hydrogen isocyanide (HNC) and deuterium isocyanide (DNC) in the vibrationally excited states as well as in the ground states were observed in the millimeter and submillimeter wave region. These compounds were generated in a dc glow discharge plasma containing hydrogen (or deuterium), nitrogen, and carbon atoms. The stretching vibrational modes, y1 and y3 states, were selectively excited in the discharge plasma; on the other hand, the bending mode vZ state was thermally populated at the cell temperature. The precise rotational, centrifugal distortion and Z-type doubling constants were obtained for all of the first vibrationally excited states as well as the ground states. The experimental equilibrium rotational constants B, are 45 496.7769(45) and 38 207.7217( 105) MHz for HNC and DNC, respectively, where uncertainties correspond to one standard deviation. The equilibrium internuclear distances are also determined to be r, (H-N) =0.996 0643(29) A and r, (NrC) = 1.168 3506( 16) A.


This has made a unique contribution to the understanding of the broad sweep of technical developments in wireless communication and security technologies. We are focused on the topic, precise in use of words and balanced in approach, explain complex concepts clearly and concisely, also used figures and tables to further explain difficult concepts.The Key Features include: Remote monitoring allows us to access real-time data (audio/video) of critical areas we want to monitor. The system consists of a transmitter & Receiver. The Transmitter composed of Camera & Audio collector circuit which transmits the real time audio/video of the specific area to the Receiver through portable wireless medium spanning a distance of about 100m. The system enables us to connect remotely to any particular area for security purposes and a variety of applications.


Background: Typhoid fever and malaria remain major public health threats in developing countries and tropical regions. In endemic regions, people are at a very high risk of developing both the disease at the same time with significant overlapping of associated symptoms and signs
Aims: The present cross-sectional clinical trial was undertaken to assess the prevalence, typhoid fever, malaria, and their coinfections in urban Indian subjects with fever.
Materials and Methods: In 180 subjects, demographic data and clinical features of all the study subjects were recorded. For assessing typhoid fever, a slide agglutination test was done using H (flagellar) and O (somatic) antigen kits for S.typhi. The collected data were subjected to statistical evaluation for results formulation.
Results: Total positive malaria cases were 37.22% (n=67). Among 67 positive cases, 43.28% (n=29) were seen to have P.vivax, 40.29% (n=27) had P. Falciparum and mixed infection were seen in 16.41% (n=11) subjects. Typhoid and malaria coinfection was seen in 6.66% (n=12) of study subjects. On correlating typhoid fever, malaria, and coinfections with demographic characteristics and clinical characteristics in the study subjects, it was seen that the age groups of 2 years to 10 years were associated with malaria, and the association was statistically significant with p=0.03.
Conclusion: Within its limitations, the present study concludes that the coinfections are common owing to the high prevalence and overlapping symptoms of malaria and typhoid fever. Poor hand washing habits are associated with typhoid fever significantly.
Keywords: Coinfections, Malaria, P. Falciparum, S. typhi, Typhoid fever


The authors demonstrated in a previous paper that in centreless grinding geometric instability and chatter were essentially the same phenomenon. In this paper a graphical approach developed for metal cutting is extended to centreless grinding with the aim of explaining certain earlier findings. It has been shown that the additional force components in centreless grinding allow chatter to occur at frequencies well below the natural frequency and give rise to roundness errors previously considered as geometric instability. These additional force components also explain why a flexible wheel does not improve stability in centreless grinding. Furthermore, it has been shown that the higher resultant force with centreless grinding results in a lower minimum stable width compared with conventional cylindrical grinding.


A new Zn(II) coordination polymer, namely [Zn3(L)2(MA)2(H2O)2]n (1 H3L = biphenyl-3, 4', 5-tricarboxylic acid, MA = melamine), has been synthesized by the reactions of Zn(II) ions with H3L in N, N-dimethylacetamide (DMA) solution. Single-crystal X-ray analysis reveals that 1 features a two-dimensional layer framework based on trinuclear [Zn3(COO)4] clusters as building subunits. In addition, the luminescent property of 1 was also investigated in the solid state at room temperature.


The purpose of this study are to identify effects of festival attraction and preference of the festival participation program. For pragmatic research, 335 survey were made by the visitors of 7th Gangneung Coffee Festival. To examine Festival"s program preference factors 34 items were analyzed by factor analysis and 3 factors were extracted such as "exhibits and goods programs", "coffee experience programs", "culture and tourism programs". Festival Attraction were analyzed 4 factors of "PR and information", "festival goods", "facilities", "festival programs". The results of this research showed that satisfaction all Festival"s program preference factors is influenced by "festival programs". And It was found that influenced by each different festival attractions according to the Festival"s program preference.


In today's world, the trend for comparing project alternatives, analyzing project impacts and evaluating solutions is to apply risk analysis methods. Risk analysis provides methods for quantifying differences in projects by incorporating the key factors including the economic, hydraulic and hydrologic uncertainties related to a project. These economic, hydraulic and hydrologic uncertainties can be related to many causes ranging from conveyance modifications to climactic changes. Currently, Corps of Engineers policy dictates the use of risk analysis to evaluate project alternatives. This procedure aids in the identification of the most economically feasible project. Detailed economic, hydrologic and hydraulic data are needed for this analysis. These H&H data are used to compute the Annual Exceedance Probability (AEP) and the Conditional Non-Exceedance Probability (CNP) of a project alternative.


A 37-year-old woman in her first pregnancy attended our institution for a routine foetal anatomy survey at 19 weeks of gestational age (GA). A chest mass measuring 39 mm × 34 mm × 20 mm, with a predominantly hyper-echoic but in places cystic appearance was observed filling the right chest, with little normal lung tissue visible on this side. The heart was deviated markedly to the left lying against the lateral chest wall. No feeding vessel could be identified arising from the aorta although the mass had demonstrable vascularity. The appearances were of a congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation (CCAM) of Type II by the Stocker classification. No associated anomalies were identified, the amniotic fluid volume was normal and the foetal karyotype was known to be normal. Serial ultrasound examination with determinations of lung volumes and congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation volume ratio (CVR) were performed using 2D ultrasound measurements of the lesion taken in three dimensions. The CVR at the time of diagnosis of the lesion was 0.89. By 22 weeks of GA, the mass had increased in size to 45 mm × 48 mm × 44 mm (CVR 2.47). The heart was deviated further to the left with its axis lying at 90◦ to the midline but with no evidence of hydrops. The contralateral lung measured 22.5 mm × 14 mm at the level of the four-chamber view. Over the subsequent week, there was an increase in the amniotic fluid index (AFI) to 26 cm with the heart appearing more compressed. The cardiothoracic ratio during this period was between 0.25 and 0.31 with the mean at this gestation being around 0.46. With the rapidly increasing polyhydramnios due to an increase in the size of the mass at a pre-viable gestation, there was concern that the risk of critical deterioration or severe pre-term delivery was high, given that these lesions usually increase in size until around 28 weeks of GA. It is usually after this time that spontaneous


The calibration of measurement transformers represents a classical task in the practice of electrical measurements. Most commercial instruments that are expressly designed for this purpose found their working principle on a scheme that is based on the idea of Kusters and Moore. Although they can assure very high accuracy, the need to employ a high-performance electromagnetic circuit makes them very expensive and usually not suitable for measurements at frequencies that are higher than 50 or 60 Hz. For this reason, these kinds of instruments cannot be employed for the calibration of the new generation of current and voltage transducers, such as electronic measurement transformers, whose employment is growing in all the applications where wide bandwidth is required. In this paper, a new method for the calibration of electromagnetic voltage and current measurement transformers (VTs and CTs) and electronic voltage and current measurement transformers (EVTs and ECTs) is discussed, and a deep metrological characterization is carried out. The novelty of the proposed method is represented by a completely different approach to the measurement of the ratio and phase errors of the measurement transformers. The method is based on the proper digital signal processing of the signals that are collected at the secondaries of the transformer under test and of a reference transformer when the same signal is applied to their primary. Since no auxiliary electromagnetic circuits are required, this solution can be easily implemented in a simple and cost-effective way. In spite of its simplicity, the tests that are developed on a prototype clearly point out that the proposed system is suitable for the calibration of measurement transformers with precision class up to 0.1 in the frequency range from 50 Hz to 1 kHz.


The article discusses the the peculiarities of conducting a forensic medical examination of an automobile injury. The relevance of this topic is associated with a high percentage of injuries and fatalities in road accidents, which, according to statistics, occupy one of the leading places among the causes of death. This is due to a sharp increase in the number of vehicles traveling on highways around the world, in particular, in the Russian Federation.


The current research study investigates the perceived adoption of didactical strategies and how this adoption is related to student teachers' cognitions; i.e. student teachers' pedagogical beliefs and self-efficacy beliefs. A sample of 250 student teachers enrolled in masters in education from two largest universities of Pakistan participated in the study. The respondents filled out survey instruments related to their perceived adoption of didactical strategies, pedagogical beliefs and self-efficacy beliefs. The main findings of the study includes (i) an overall weak adoption of the different types of didactical strategies by student teachers, and (ii) a significant positive relationship found in the perceived adoption of didactical strategies and student teachers' cognitions. The results suggest a critical need for the continuous professional development of teacher educators in ITE institutes in Pakistan. Also, there are clear recommendations for the curriculum developers and educational policy makers to put forward benchmarking exercises on regular basis.


The purpose of this study was to evaluate functional outcomes among individuals with acquired brain injury who received treatment at a postacute brain injury rehabilitation program over a 3-year period (2008 to 2010). Participation in community and/or social roles, supervision required, and adaptive functioning outcomes were evaluated in a sample of 109 adults (71% male, 29% female; 88.1% White, 11.9% non-White; 67.9% injured at 18 years of age or older, 32.1% injured at under 18 years of age). Contrary to the hypotheses, there was a statistically significant increase in adaptive functioning and supervision required scores, suggesting increasing impairment over time. Though statistically significant, these results may not be clinically significant. There was no difference in participation over time. Results indicated no significant difference in outcome across gender, age at injury, or ethnicity. The results of this study highlight the importance of considering time since injury as a confound in brain injury research and statistical versus clinical significance when interpreting research findings. FUNCTIONAL OUTCOMES IN POSTACUTE REHABILITATION v


The research outlines important aspects of the preparation of highly qualified specialists aimed at increasing the efficiency of their professional activity by improving their communication skills, which are used to transfer significant amounts of information of crucial importance for professional decision-making. The article studies the formation of personal competences of future specialists with higher education with the priority of communicative competence as the basic means of prospective students' training. The authors focus the attention on development of key competences that are formed in the


Escherichia Coli is the main bacterium that causes urinary tract infections (UTI). For treatment of such infections, antibiotics are usually prescribed empirically before the identification of the etiological agent and the result of the antibiogram, which generates the inappropriate use of these drugs, causing the emergence of resistant bacteria. In view of the foregoing, the present study has as general objective to trace the resistance profile of Escherichia Coli to antibiotics used in urinary tract infections of patients attended at the Hemocenter Laboratory in the city of Curvelo in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil based on a documental, quantitative and descriptive research. It was analyzed medical records of 4.726 patients treated between January 2015 to December 2016, which 3.929 were negative, 48 samples were considered contaminated and 749 positive, Escherichia coli was the most prevalent bacterium (67,4%). Some antimicrobials were tested and ampicillin showed the highest resistance index to Escherichia coli (44,4%) followed by sulfamethoxazole / trimethoprim (32,7%), norfloxacin (23,6%) ciprofloxacin (19,4%). On the other hand, various antibiotics showed excellent *Graduanda em Farmácia, Faculdade Ciências da Vida, Sete LagoasMinas GeraisBrasil; e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com ** Bióloga Mestre em Patologia pela Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV). Professora do curso de bacharelado em Farmácia na Faculdade Ciências da Vida (FCV) e-mail: email@example.com


This paper examines the multiple dimensions of passenger crowding on public  transport demand, supply and operations, including effects on operating speed, waiting time, travel time reliability, passengers" wellbeing, valuation of waiting and in-vehicle time savings, route and bus choice, and optimal levels of frequency, vehicle size and fare. Secondly, crowding externalities are estimated for rail and bus services in Sydney, in order to show the impact of crowding on the estimated value of in-vehicle time savings and demand prediction. Using a Multinomial Logit Model, we show both numerically and analytically that if demand for a public transport service is estimated without explicit consideration of crowding as a source of disutility for passengers, demand will be overestimated if the service is designed to have a number of standees beyond a threshold.


This study aims to determine the application of SEO (Search Engine Optimization) techniques on the cargoriau.com website. This research focuses on the application of marketing by utilizing SEO with onpage and offpage methods in the development and improvement of freight forwarding services, cargo and expeditions in the regency and city areas in Riau Province. The website "www.cargoriau.com" is one of the websites supporting Zataka Express Group's freight forwarders and cargo promotions. Data collection techniques in this study are by interview, observation and documentation. The data analysis techniques used in this study include transcripts of interviews, data reduction, analysis, and interpretation of data. The results of data analysis can then be concluded. The results of SEO (Search Engine Optimization) conducted by researchers on the website "www.cargoriau.com" yielded results in the increasing number of service users, Cargo and Expeditions to various districts and cities in Riau Province. This is because more traffic from website visitors "www.cargoriau.com" and the website is indexed on the first page of Google


We investigated strain changes in Si1-XGeX layers on silicon substrates upon oxidation. We grew Si1-XGeX layers with different Ge fractions (x=0.15 and 0.3) on chemically cleaned silicon substrates by the UHV CVD process. Oxidation in a vertical furnace at 800C and 900C in an O2 gas ambient produced a silicon oxide layer and a silicon germanium layer that was richer in Ge-content than initial Si1-XGeX films. Initial compressively strained Si1-XGeX films are fully strained in this range of Ge fractions. The strain in the Ge- rich layer increased and then decreased as the oxidation temperature and time increased. In comparison, the strain of the remaining initial Si1-XGeX gradually relaxed with an increase in oxidation time and temperature. The relaxation occurred through the generation of dislocations and defects at the interface of the Si (100) substrate.


In order to use WDM networks efficiently and effectively, a lightpath is dynamically established upon the arrival of a connection request. The dynamic routing algorithms are usually classified into adaptive and alternative schemes based on whether the chosen routes are predetermined or not. In this work, we propose a new weighted function for link cost assignments. The purpose of the cost function is to differentiate network in different traffic load. Based on the link cost assignments, one adaptive routing algorithm referred to as EWSCP and one alternative routing named LAPA are presented in the paper. Simulation results reveal that EWSCP can achieve lowest call blocking probability than conventional adaptive routing schemes. On the other hand, the low overhead LAPA can obtain performance approaching to adaptive routing. Key-Words: WDM Network, Adaptive Routing, Alternative Routing, and Exponential Link-cost Function.


Population declines of horseshoe crabs (HSCs) have led to conflict regarding management strategies among commercial fishermen, biomedical companies, and environmentalists. These conflicts have also led to increased interest in HSC aquaculture. In this study, feeding trials were performed with juvenile HSCs to quantify dietary energy and protein requirements in order to optimize feed formulation and feeding regimes. Trials measured digestibility of two formulated dry feeds based on clam meat or fish meal. Juveniles were fed 3% of their body weight (BW), fecal matter was collected, and acid insoluble ash was used as a non-absorbed reference substance. Apparent digestibility of protein was found to be 93.2 and 90.8% and energy digestibility was 83.7 and 87.5% for the clam meal and fish meal feeds, respectively. Growth trials were conducted with juveniles (0.58–1.1 g) offering the two diets at increasing feeding levels in order to quantify their daily requirements for energy and protein. The results indicate HSCs would require 224 J of digestible energy and 8.7 mg of digestible protein for maintenance per day per gram body mass. The efficiency of utilization to deposit new growth above maintenance was relatively low and amounted to kDP = 0.11 and kDE = 0.13 for protein and energy, respectively.


Thank you very much for reading models of science teacher preparation theory into practice. As you may know, people have search hundreds times for their chosen books like this models of science teacher preparation theory into practice, but end up in harmful downloads. Rather than enjoying a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they juggled with some infectious bugs inside their computer.


—Groundwater quality in the study area has been analysed in the present work. For this study, four regions (Mumbai, Thane-Kalyan, Vasai-Virar, and New Mumbai) of MumbaiMetropolitan Region were selected which covers almost the entire area. Thirty water samples, from various bore wells covering the study area during post monsoon season 2013 and pre monsoon season 2014 were collected to find out the concentration of various parameters in the groundwater. The tests for different parameters like pH., DO, Chloride, TSS, TS, TDS, MPN,Hardness, Sulphates, Iron, and Fluoride were performed in VJTI lab. Volumetric and instrumental techniques were adopted for systematic analysis of the water samples using Standard procedures. Water Quality Index (WQI) was also calculated by using 'weighted arithmetic index method'.On comparison with BIS standards TDS, MPN, Hardness are higher than permissible values and WQI of all locations are more than100. Hence the ground water is unfit for drinking in this area.


Biochemical variation among 12 Indian aestivum and durum wheat cultivars were revealed by proximate composition and electrophoretic separation of isozyme and glutenin protein. Flour qualities of wheat cultivars for different end use products were studied using different qualitative parameters. Among them protein, â-carotene and lysine-tryptophan content showed high polymorphism in cultivars and found efficient for quality testing of flour. The study of esterase, peroxidase, and polyphenol oxidase isozymes provides interesting markers for species differentiation, but it is less useful for studies of within species genetic variation. Glutenin protein fractionation on SDS-PAGE found efficient technique to detect polymorphism among wheat cultivars according to their dough quality. HMW-GS allele also showed wide genetic variation between cultivars of species T. aestivum and T. durum, this can be a useful marker for species identification.


This is a quantitative study that aimed at investigating the extent to which Moroccan adolescent students are addicted to social media platforms. Kimberly Young's Internet Addiction Test was adopted and adjusted to serve the objective of this study. The sample consisted of 200 Moroccan adolescent students from the region of Meknes. The results highlighted that Facebook is the most frequently used social media site among participants, while twitter is the least. Furthermore, when they go online, they prefer to communicate with family and friends, entertain themselves, and read about social issues. To add, the findings revealed that only 11% of participants are severely addicted to social media, 24 % are MILD or average social media users, and 61 % were reported to be moderately addicted. On the other hand, the test showed that 3.5 % of participants are not social media addicts. Finally, a statistically significant difference was proven among students in terms of their social media addiction level based on their educational stream. In the same vein, no statistically significant difference was revealed based on gender.


This paper analyzes the latest application of pulsed arc welding technology for aluminium alloy and sheet,joining of dissimilar materials, stainless steel and magnesium alloy,studies the effects of the parameters such as pulse duty factor, pulse current,base current and pulse frequency on performance of welding technology,and points out the pulse welding technology should achieve one drop per pulse of metal transfer, establish function relation corresponding to each parameter to provide reliable technical support for the development of automatic pulsed welding equipment.


In this cut throat competitive era service firms may survive with innovative strategies with reference to people, process and physical evidence that differentiate their services from their competitors. The key objective of this paper is to highlight the strategies of Southwest airlines that facilitated it to produce a successful model in airlines industry that was benchmark for the entire world. Paper enlightens that if a service firm gives priority to its employees than customers, it automatically serves customers in better way as services of a company are given through employees and employees' delight is customers' delight in service sector.


Potassium is known to play an important role in the vital processes of both normal and tumor cells. Since it is possible that the mechanism of its function in the tumor cell is somewhat different from that in the normal cell, it was thought that a comparative study of the isotopic constitution of potassium as contained in normal and tumor tissue might contribute towards the elucidation of such a difference. In the present paper results are described of investigations continuing earlier studies (3) on potassium in normal and tumor tissue from animals. The investigations were concerned with the two main isotopes, K a~ and K 41, since the third isotope, K 4", exists only in very minute quantity. In addition, comparison was made of the potassium in muscle tissue from normal and tumorbearing animals.


Foreword to the 1987 Edition Foreword to the First Edition Preface 1. Introduction 2. The Beginning of the Research 3. His Memory The Initial Facts Synesthesia Words and Images Difficulties Eidotechnique The Art Of Forgetting 4. His World People and Things Words 5. His Mind His Strong Points His Weak Points 6. His Control of Behavior The Objective Data A Pew Words About Magic 7. His Personality


Generalized expressions for the speed of a CE amplifier stage and a CML gate are derived. They are valid for an arbitrary division of R/sub b/ and C/sub bc/ into internal and external components, and presented in terms of directly measurable transistor parameters (f/sub T/, f/sub max/ and f/sub v/) instead of the conventional sum of RC products. It is shown that the transistor input bandwidth f/sub v/ is an important figure of merit, whereas the maximum oscillation frequency f/sub max/ is only of minor importance for high-speed low-power applications.


Reactions of stable nitrile oxides with cycloalkano[b]indoles gave as main product adducts a tetracyclic compound containing the oxadiazolo[4,5-a]indoline ring system. The structure elucidation of the isolated adducts was based on their spectral data, chemical behaviour and in one case the structure was confirmed by crystallographic X-ray analysis. The mechanism of the reaction is also discussed


As an important method in law teaching,case teaching method,compared with traditional methods,is of obvious advantage.So it is necessary to explore how to introduce case teaching method in law teaching in terms of teaching case making,teaching case choice and case teaching process grasping.


Abstract. Electronic FHR‐monitoring is, like monitoring of the heart in adults, combined with artefacts. In the fetus interpretation of artefacts and diagnosis of cardiac disease are facilitated, if the filtered R‐wave is presented simultaneously with FHR. Changes in rate depending on artefacts can be misinterpreted with commercial instrumentations as depending on "fetal distress" which can be avoided with the equipment described in this paper. Filter properties and further reduction of noise are discussed.


1. Pressures have been measured in the thoracic duct of anaesthetized and conscious dogs to ascertain the mean pressures, the nature of the pressure waves and the pressure gradients along the duct and between it and the great veins.


ABSTRACT Under the double pressures caused by the energy shortage and environmental damage, to exploit the agricultural wastes and convert into available clean fuels are becoming more and more urgent in modern society. The aim of learning the pyrolysis characteristics of soybean straw and corn straw, the nonisothermal thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC) method was used in this work. The results showed that both of biomass feedstocks all underwent four different pyrolysis stages, with the increase in heating rate, the peak temperature shifted toward the high-temperature interval, and that the yield of bio-char also increased correspondingly; potassium had an influence on the thermal cracking of biomass, and that the existence form of potassium and impregnation increment of sylvite would result in the yield of bio-char was distinct. In addition, temperature and catalyst had a significant impact on the gaseous products of biomass pyrolysis. Increasing the pyrolysis temperature could enhance the yield of CO and H2 and CH4 content reached the maximum at 600°C. For both of the biomass, sylvite had a negative effect on the formation of CH4, and H2 content of soybean straw reached a maximum with 5% K2CO3 and corn straw with 5% KCl.


New rain flags based on the dual frequency capabilities of the new Jason Poseidon-2 and Envisat RA2 altimeters have been tested, developed and adopted for the operational processing of the altimeter data. Their validation conducted during the calibration/validation phases of the satellites is presented here. The Jason flag is validated by comparison with the TOPEX one, using the Tandem mission. The results show a very good agreement between the two sensors and the two rain flags The Envisat flag is validated by comparison with both Jason and TOPEX using global and collocated data sets. The results show similar performances for the three sensors. The f relations estimated during the calibration-validation period and presented here have been given to the altimeter ground processing facilities for operational use.


Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the response of sour orange ( Citrus aurantium L.) seedlings to inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) fungi under different phosphorus (P) fertilizer levels during transplant production. Six months old seedlings of sour orange were obtained from a commercial nursery and inoculated or not inoculated (control) with a commercial AM inoculum (BioMycVital) in a pot trial in a plastic house. Three P fertilizer levels were applied [15 (low), 45 (medium) and 90 (high) mg kg-¹ soil)] as NPK (18:18:5 + TE) or/and KH 2 PO 4 . Ten months after transplanting, the AM inoculation stimulated growth of sour orange seedlings regardless of phosphorus level. Inoculation coupled with low and medium levels of P fertilizer enhanced the plant dry weight by 34.4 and 20.2% and stem diameter by 25.9 and 17.9% over the noninoculted plants, respectively. However, the enhancement effect for these two growth parameters was insignificant in treatment of inoculation with high P fertilizer in comparison to noninoculated plants. These results indicate that sour orange should be inoculated with AM fungi at nursery stage, with application of medium level of P.


A novel experimental technique based on the study in the phase plane of real-time series is used for a first experimental analysis of the stability of period-one microwave frequency oscillations generated with an optically-injected 1550nm-VCSEL.


................................................................................................................................ iii LIST OF TABLES ....................................................................................................................... ix LIST OF FIGURES .......................................................................................................................x LIST OF SCHEMES ................................................................................................................. xvi LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS .................................................................................................. xvii CHAPTER 1: AN INTRODUCTION TO INTRACELLULAR KINASE AND PROTEASOME ACTIVITY ........................................................................................................1 SIGNIFICANCE ..................................................................................................................1 AN OVERVIEW OF BIOESNSORS FOR SPATIOTEMPORAL IMAGING ............................................................................................................................2 MITOCHONDRIAL cAMP DEPENDENT PROTEIN KINASE ACTIVITY NEAR THE MITOCHONDRIA ......................................................................8 CURRENT CAPABILITIES OF PROTEIN KINASE BIOSENSORS ............................13 THE PROTEASOME AND REGULATION OF CELLULAR PROTEINS....................27 CURRENT CAPABILITIES OF PROTEASOME BIOSENSORS ..................................30 CONCLUSIONS................................................................................................................41 vii CHAPTER 2: SUBORGANELLE SENSING OF MITOCHONDRIAL cAMP-DEPENDENT PROTEIN KINASE ACTIVITY ..........................................................43 INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................43 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION ........................................................................................45 MATERIALS AND METHODS .......................................................................................56 CHAPTER 3: A BROAD SPECTRUM QUENCHING DYE: CONSTRUCTION OF TRYPSIN AND PHOTOLABILE FLUORESCENT REPORTERS ................................................................................................72 INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................72 RESULTS ..........................................................................................................................75 DISCUSSION ....................................................................................................................87 CONCLUSIONS................................................................................................................91 MATERIALS AND METHODS .......................................................................................91 CHAPTER 4: CONSTRUCTION OF A NANOPARTICLE-BASED SENSOR FOR cAMP-DEPENDENT PROTEIN KINASE ACTIVITY ..............................124 INTRODUCTION ...........................................................................................................124 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION ......................................................................................127


Arms control regime has witnessed severe setbacks in recent years. This paper addresses the question that despite acknowledged benefits of arms control for peace and stability, the major powers are currently turning against arms control. By analyzing the reasons behind ongoing arms control crisis, the paper takes into account contending perspectives of major powers to map the emerging trends in arms control. The mere existence of nuclear weapons does not encourage the states to adopt restraint measures, rather it is their perception about the risks and challenges to their security that compel them to go for arms control. The ongoing geo-political competition, also exhibited in the form of strategic rivalries at global level, and advanced military-technological developments sans any consensus on mutual vulnerabilities shape the understanding of nuclear armed states for strategic stability. These are the two primary drivers behind the evolving arms control crisis. Recently, United States has veered away from its bilateral commitments that signifies the collapse of arms control arrangements between Washington and Moscow which originally served as a stabilizing factor in their adversarial relations. Prevailing disagreements on the constituents of strategic stability, concerns about other state's compliance and transparency, and accentuating differences in military capabilities are the defining features of how major states currently pursue arms control. In the absence of consensus on what threatens strategic stability among adversaries, any prospects for new arms control measures remain bleak. This factor also diminishes the prospects of any trilateral arms control agreement among U.S., Russia and China.


Regulatory of authorities the world over are recognising the importance of improving the levels of financial inclusion in their countries. To this end many strategies have been employed with agent banking regarded as a key driver of financial inclusion in poor communities. The article seeks to provide a theoretical review of agent banking as a product that financial institutions can employ to improve the levels of financial inclusion in the country. The article also reviews the applicability of agent banking in the Zimbabwean scenario. The article concludes that agent banking is a powerful instrument that Zimbabwean banks can employ in order to drive financial inclusion because of its convenience and cost effectiveness. The article also concludes that the challenges associated with running agent banks can be mitigated through agent selection, training and monitoring. The article recommends that regulatory authorities create an enabling environment and frameworks that will enable banks to roll out agent banks in Zimbabwe's poor communities. Agent Banking Financial Inclusion Zimbabwe ISSN: 2411-5681 www.ijern.com 90 Introduction. Policy makers globally are increasingly recognising the importance of financial inclusion as a catalyst for economic and social development. To this end national strategies are being crafted that aim at achieving nation specific goals and addressing specific national financial inclusion challenges. This stems from the understanding that no two countries are the same and would therefore face similar challenges. Therefore there is an urgent need to craft national strategies that deal with the specific financial inclusion challenges that each country will be facing. In light of this, the Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe (RBZ) in March 2016 unveiled the Zimbabwe National Financial Inclusion Strategy (2016-2020), a strategy designed to deal with the challenges Zimbabwe is facing in terms of increasing the level of financial inclusion in the country. In this strategy the RBZ realises that financial institutions could increase financial inclusion through financial innovation which includes leveraging developments in information and mobile communications technology and developing innovative delivery channels for financial products and services to the remote areas of the country. Agent banking and branchless banking were identified as a critical components. This research paper seeks to demystify the agent banking model and to highlight its advantages and disadvantages. The paper also intends to offer solutions on how the challenges encountered through the use of agent banking can be mitigated. Mwangi and Mwangi (2014) define agent banking as a company or organisation that acts in some capacity on behalf of another bank. It can be a retail outlet contracted by a financial institution to process client transactions. Bank agents typically operate as satellite branches. Ndungu and Wako (2015) define agent banking as an arrangement by which licensed financial institutions engage third parties to offer certain banking services on their behalf. Agent banking contracts are private contracts where each contract determines the scope of services, fees paid and how risk will be shared. According to Ndungu and Wako (2015), agent banking is deviced to deal with the challenges associated with serving low income or bottom of pyramid customers. Aggarwal and Klapper (2013) report that physical brick and mortar bank branches are not a sustainable solution to financial inclusion in rural areas because they are not profitable. This is because the volume and value of transactions is too low. In order for traditional bank branches to operate in poor communities they would have to pass on the costs to customers in the form of high bank charges which would further deter the bottom of pyramid customers. By leveraging mobile technology and the existing network of local retailers, agent banks are able to deliver banking services to the rural poor communities at reasonable costs. Theoretical Framework. Agent banking is hinged on two theories, the agency theory of finance and the marketing theory of distribution channels. According to Jensen and Meckling (1976) an agency relationship exists when one or more persons (principals) engage another person (agent) to perform some service on behalf International Journal of Education and Research Vol. 5 No. 11 November 2017 91 of the principal which involves delegating some decision making authority to the agent. The theory states that if both parties to the relationship are utility maximisers, then it is possible that the agent will not always act in the best interests of the principal. The principal will thus have to incur costs aimed at establishing incentives for the agent that will limit divergences from his interests by the agent. The principal will also incur monitoring costs designed to sub optimal behaviour by the agent. Two key problems arise from the use of agents to perform on behalf of their principals, the moral hazard problem and the adverse selection problem. Under the moral hazard problem, if the consequences of wrong doing are not borne by the agent this may induce the agent not to exert best efforts on the task assigned by the principal. The adverse selection problem occurs when there is information asymmetry between the principal and the agent. In this case the agent will be in possession of superior information than the principal and decides not to disclose this information to the principal. In some cases this may result in the principal making a wrong decision based in the information supplied by the agent. Under the agent banking model a financial institution contracts a third party, usually a retail outlet to perform some functions on its behalf. This represents the agency theory when the agent performs on behalf of its principal the financial institution. There is need for the financial institution to motivate the retailer to work in its best interests so as to minimise losses. The principal usually offers remunerations in this case in the form of commissions which are based on the volume and value of transactions the agent would have executed. The two problems that are inherent in all agency relationships can also be experienced in the agency banking model. The moral hazard problem can occur if the consequences of bad behaviour by the agent are borne by the financial institution and not the agent. For example the agent may become negligent by not checking the bank notes they receive for deposits and in the process accept fake notes. This may result in losses for the financial institution if the agency contract is silent on who should bear the losses under such circumstances, for this reason most agency contracts try to induce optimal behaviour from agents by rendering them liable for all losses due to negligence on their part. Another area that may encourage moral hazard problem in agency banking is when the agents are paid a fixed commission. This may discourage many agents from working hard and getting more business knowing that their commissions are fixed. By remunerating them through pro-rated commissions this encourages agents to exert more effort in their duties so as to earn higher commissions. The adverse selection problem may arise in the agency banking set up because agents may be in possession of superior information about their performance abilities than their principals, the financial institution. They may enter into the agency contract knowing fully well that they would not be able to meet the expectations of the principal. This may result in the financial institutions ISSN: 2411-5681 www.ijern.com 92 contracting inappropriate retailers for their agency banking operations. This in the long run may result in the agency banking not being viable for the financial institutions. The agency banking models also borrows from the marketing theory of distribution channels. A distribution channel is a means by which businesses get their products to their consumers. A distribution channel may involve the use of intermediaries such as retailers. In general low value massmarket products are sold through retailers as intermediaries. The agency banking model is a way of making financial products available to customers. It therefore represents a distribution channel. Because agent banking is designed to address the challenges associated with serving low income consumers whose volume and value of transactions is low they are delivered through an intermediary, the retailer who performs some functions on behalf of the financial institution. Advantages of Agent Banking Chaia, Schiff and Silva (2010) report that agent banking is a powerful approach in the quest for financial inclusion because of its ability to reduce bank costs to serve. Many banks are deterred from setting up branches in remote, poor and sparsely populated areas because of the high set up costs which do not correspond to the perceived business from such areas. By setting up agent banks and making use of existing infrastructure offered by retailers a bank is able to penetrate underserved areas and at low cost. Chaia et al (2010) also report that agent banking has become one of the most promising strategies for offering financial services in emerging markets because of its cost effectiveness both to the customer and the financial institution. According to Kumar, Nair, Parsons and Urdapilleta (2006) financial institutions are able to reach a vast new customer segment. Another attractiveness of agent banking to the financial institution is that costs are only realised when transactions actually occur. Veniard (2010) assets that agent banking systems are up to three times cheaper than traditional bank branches because they minimise fixed costs by leveraging existing retail outlets thus reducing the need for the financial institution to invest in their own infrastructure. Agent banks are a cheaper delivery chan


Alcohol-Induced Osteoporosis (AOP) is one of common alcohol osteodystrophies in clinic, but has not yet received adequate attention of the people. This paper concluded AOP on the pathogenesis of progress, including the relationship between the drinking of alcohol and osteoporosis, AOP of the definition, The main cause of its disease and major pathological changes in TCM, Description of the alcohol on bone cells, calcium regulating hormones [including 1,25-dihydroxy Vitamin D_3 (1,25-(OH)_2-D_3), parathyroid hormone (PTH), calcitonin (CT)], adrenal Corticosteroid, liver function and the impact of nutrition, this paper also pointed out that the disease on the research status and problems, prompted AOP required further study, and forecasted research in the perspective of combination of TCM and Western Medicine was a new research direction and development trend.


Vibrations and sound radiation by finite cylindrical shells have been extensively studied in the past few years. Usually, the authors have studied the vibrations and the sound radiation by cylinders in the case of a non-moving harmonic driving force. Most papers dealing with a moving force on a cylindrical shell (axially or circumferentially) were only concerned about the mechanical vibrations. This is a presentation of the work under progress to develop a model including both the vibrations and the sound radiation of a simply supported cylindrical shell excited by a circumferentially moving radial point force. The motivation behind this work is the modelisation of the `pressure screens' used in the pulp and paper industry. The theoretical formulation presented is based on a variational approach. The case of a homogeneous cylindrical shell in air is treated as a first step towards more complex structures. Numerical results in terms of quadratic velocity and radiated sound power are presented, and principal phenomena related to the moving force rotational speed are discussed


Yeast species provide tractable systems to study many aspects of fundamental biology and remain model organisms for studying higher eukaryotes. In addition, yeasts are the work horses of industrial biotechnology and provide us with some of our favourite consumer products. However, not all yeasts are beneficial to mankind. Some yeast species have turned to the dark side, have evolved to live on and inside the human host, and are important pathogens with a significant negative impact on global health.

This thematic issue pulls together mini-reviews from world leaders studying human fungal pathogens. Many of these fungal species are opportunistic pathogens. They are often part of the normal microbiota, but cause disease when an individual becomes immunocompromised or has an underlying defect in a component of the innate immunity response that defends us from invading pathogens. Under these conditions, the yeast can escape from its normal niche, invade the body and/or initiate hyper-immune stimulation, which contributes to the pathobiology of the infection.

Here, I have kept the topics broad to provide a taster of molecular medical mycology and to reflect the vibrant and dynamic community investigating human fungal pathogens. The issue begins with a perspective by Professor Judy Berman on the impact of ploidy …

[↵][1]* Corresponding author: School of Medical Sciences, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK. Tel: +441224437485; E-mail: c.a.munro{at}abdn.ac.uk

 [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1


A numerical model based on the DEM is proposed to reproduce the macroscopic behavior of a granular material without having to take into consideration the complexity of the real grain shape. It is based on nonconvex simple elements made up of interlocked, jointed or linked spheres which allow a high level of interlocking within the granular assembly. The ability of the numerical model to reproduce the mechanical behavior of a granular assembly with different porosities and several confined pressure was established by comparison with experimental axisymmetric triaxial compression tests on real sand. Since the shapes of the numerical elements are distant from the real shapes, the intrinsic porosities of the numerical and experimental samples cannot be directly compared. That's why the notion of relative density was introduced, which was established based on the minimum and maximum porosities. In these conditions, we show that the numerical model, once it had been calibrated, is able to predict the experimental results of the triaxial tests on sands of different relative densities and under different confining stresses.


This paper presents a mathematical model of glucose-insulin dynamics which is specific for type 2 diabetic patients. The general modelling is obtained by simplification of a global compartmental model by John Thomas Sorensen. The model parameters are estimated using nonlinear optimization and data collected in Rwanda for type 2 diabetic patients. In order to identify and evaluate possible abnormalities of type 2 diabetic patients, the Sampling Importance Resampling (SIR) particle filtering algorithm is used and implemented through discretization of the developed mathematical model. This process is done by clamping insulin and glucose concentrations at around clinical trial values as proposed by Defronzo. Furthermore, for detecting potential abnormalities in type 2 diabetic patients, we compare our results with results obtained from a simulation of the mathematical model for healthy subjects. The proposed mathematical model allows further investigation of the dynamic behavior of glucose, insulin, glucagon, stored insulin, and labile insulin in different organs for type 2 diabetic patients.


The invention relates to a method for wireless transmission of data on traffic assessment in route sections of a road system to a central station. The data are captured in a plurality of vehicles that are equipped with the appropriate sensor technology for data collecting and are moving in traffic flow (floating cars). The data collected by the sensor in the vehicle is converted into driving profiles. According to the invention, is its foreseen that characteristic features in the sense of actual values on the basis of current driving profile are derived in the vehicle; characteristic driving profile features in the sense of expected values on the basis of predetermined traffic-status information are developed in the vehicle; the actual value and the expected values of the driving profile features are compared with each other; the differences resulting from the comparison are assessed on the basis of predetermined decision criteria in the vehicle, and the transmission of data concerning the traffic-status assessment to the central station takes place only in cases foreseen according to the decision criteria.