Simple Summary PIM kinases interact with major oncogenic players, including the PI3K/Akt pathway, and provide an escape mechanism leading to drug resistance. This study examined PIM kinase expression in NSCLC and the potential of PIM1 as a prognostic marker. The effect on cell signaling of novel preclinical PI3K/mTOR/PIM kinase inhibitor IBL-301 was compared to PI3K/mTOR inhibition in vitro and ex vivo. PI3K-mTOR inhibitor sensitive (H1975P) and resistant (H1975GR) cells were compared for altered IL6/STAT3 pathway expression and sensitivity to IBL-301. All three PIM kinases are expressed in NSCLC and PIM1 is a marker of poor prognosis. IBL-301 inhibited c-Myc, the PI3K-Akt and JAK/STAT pathways in vitro and in NSCLC tumor tissue explants. IBL-301 also inhibited secreted pro-inflammatory cytokine MCP-1. PIM kinases were activated in H1975GR cells which were more sensitive to IBL-301 than H1975P cells. A miRNA signature of PI3K-mTOR resistance was validated. Co-targeting PIM kinase and PI3K-mTOR warrants further clinical investigation. Abstract PIM kinases are constitutively active proto-oncogenic serine/threonine kinases that play a role in cell cycle progression, metabolism, inflammation and drug resistance. PIM kinases interact with and stabilize p53, c-Myc and parallel signaling pathway PI3K/Akt. This study evaluated PIM kinase expression in NSCLC and in response to PI3K/mTOR inhibition. It investigated a novel preclinical PI3K/mTOR/PIM inhibitor (IBL-301) in vitro and in patient-derived NSCLC tumor tissues. Western blot analysis confirmed PIM1, PIM2 and PIM3 are expressed in NSCLC cell lines and PIM1 is a marker of poor prognosis in patients with NSCLC. IBL-301 decreased PIM1, c-Myc, pBAD and p4EBP1 (Thr37/46) and peIF4B (S406) protein levels in-vitro and MAP kinase, PI3K-Akt and JAK/STAT pathways in tumor tissue explants. IBL-301 significantly decreased secreted pro-inflammatory cytokine MCP-1. Altered mRNA expression, including activated PIM kinase and c-Myc, was identified in Apitolisib resistant cells (H1975GR) by an IL-6/STAT3 pathway array and validated by Western blot. H1975GR cells were more sensitive to IBL-301 than parent cells. A miRNA array identified a dysregulated miRNA signature of PI3K/mTOR drug resistance consisting of regulators of PIM kinase and c-Myc (miR17-5p, miR19b-3p, miR20a-5p, miR15b-5p, miR203a, miR-206). Our data provides a rationale for co-targeting PIM kinase and PI3K-mTOR to improve therapeutic response in NSCLC.


The brain malformation in which the prosencephalon fails to divide into hemispheres and cerebral lobes is termed alobar holoprosencephaly (arhinencephaly) (2). Almost all these patients have severe median facial defects such as orbital hypotelorism, a flat nose, and a median cleft of the lip. When present in typical patterns, the facial defects are pathognomonic of the malformed cerebrum (3). Rarely, an alobar holoprosencephalic patient has no striking or obvious facial defects, or the facial pattern may be atypical (4). In these cases, contrast studies should prove diagnostic of the alobar holoprosencephaly. Since the literature contains few previous radiographic studies of this condition (5, 8), we thought our findings in one patient would be of interest. Case Report The patient, a 4-month-old white male, had trigonocephaly, orbital hypotelorism, a flat nasal bridge, absence of the crista galli and nasal septum, and a median cleft of the lip and palate. The head was transilluminated. During the infant's...


A chip package structure and a manufacturing method of the chip package structure comprising: a chip having an active surface; and a coating of the active chip surface of the chip exposed out of the encapsulation layer; forming at least one of said closure a first hole of a first surface of the adhesive layer; forming on at least one surface of the second encapsulant layer, which corresponds to the first communicating hole and having a second hole larger than the aperture of the first aperture; and a is provided to the said conductive post within the first aperture. The second hole with a sealant through hole forming process low-accuracy molding, can be used to reduce the relatively high cost of high-precision drilling equipment, and speed up the production of the sealant through holes.


In order to study nozzle partial clog and its effects on slab mould flow and inclusion removal of magnetic field,a 3D numerical simulation was employed with commercial software FLUENT.And slide gate control flow was introduced to simulate partial clog in the SEN as well.The computing result shows that the removal of nonmetallic particle inclusion is the highest without magnetic field when the open rate of slide gate is 80%;while with magnetic field,flow pattern and inclusion removal rate will change.Applying a static magnetic field under 350mm of free surface can increase the removal rate of fine nonmetallic inclusion particle.Changes of slide open rate and magnetic field can slightly influence the inclusion particle removal rate.


The migratory patterns of an Oscrllatoria sp. in a hypersaline microbial mat on Antarctica's McMurdo Ice Shelf, 78OS, 166" E, were examined under the natural solar irradiance of austral summer. Upward and downward migration was monitored in response to different intensities of full solar irradiance and of selected wavelengths achieved using a series of filter and screening treatments. ["C] photoincorporation rates, using freshly collected cell material, were also measured under different intensities and spectral regions of solar irradiance, as well as at several temperatures of incubation. Our objectives were two-fold: (1) to determine whether this cyanobacterium displays a pattern of migration, photosynthesis, and photoinhibition in response to solar UV and visible irradiance similar to that displayed by motile cyanobacteria in hypersaline ponds of middle latitudes (-28"N), and (2) to examine the impact of temperature on these activities. Oscillatoria sp. migrated completely to the surface under low visible irradiance ( 60 W n1r2, and blue light, which included 0.94 W m-' UV-A, caused complete downward migration. Photosynthetic saturation occurred at low visible light levels (-26 W m-'), and both photoand UV-inhibition was apparent. Photosynthetic rates increased in the order 2, <10, <l5 and <20°C, and there was no apparent effect of temperature on the magnitude of UV inhibition on photosynthesis. Overall trends in photosynthesis and migration patterns of Oscillatoria sp. parallel those described for benthlc cyanobacteria of middle latitudes, though the Antarctic species appears to have a lower response threshold to visible light and UV. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that UV radiation is functioning as a primary cue for avoidance of damaging solar radiation in the Oscillatoria sp. population, and suggests that W is involved in the migratory behavior of motile cyanobacteria in microbial mats worldwide.


Aging induces changes in bone. Growth Hormone is reduced by aging, and age-related changes observed in old bones might be due to a decrease in the Growth Hormone/Insulin-like Growth Factor-I axis. Growth Hormone administration on aged individuals is controversial. This study aimed to assess the effect of systemic Growth Hormone treatment on bone properties, bone metabolism, and bone mineral density in long bone of old rats.

METHODS
Aged Wistar rats were treated with Growth Hormone at a dose of 2 mg/kg/day during 10 weeks. Plasma osteocalcin, Insulin-like Growth Factor-I, and Carboxy-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen levels were measured. Cross-sectional bone areas and bone mineral density were measured by morphometric and densitometric analysis, respectively. Femora were analyzed by three point-bending testing. T-test was used for statistical evaluation. p<0.05 was considered to be significant.

RESULTS
Significantly enhanced bone area, at the expense of the cortical area, was found in treated rats. The densitometric analysis showed 11% higher bone mineral density in the experimental group. Significantly higher bone flexural modulus, stiffness, and ultimate load were observed in the treated rats. Plasma osteocalcin and Insulin-like Growth Factor-I levels were significantly increased in the treated group, while the resorption marker concentration remained unchanged.

CONCLUSION
Within the limitations of this experimental study, systemic Growth Hormone administration has shown to enhance biomechanical properties, bone mineral density, cortical mass and plasma IGF-I and osteocalcin in old treated rats, when compared to the control group; consequently, Growth Hormone could be considered as an alternative therapy against age-related changes in the bone.


On the exposure of fresh Rh–Y zeolite to CO, the formation of the rhodium species responsible for the TPD peak of CO at 473–500 K, which was followed by the conversion into the second type rhodium species responsible for the peak at 563–583 K, was observed.


This article explores the basis of negative sentiments toward and current critiques of high-stakes student testing from within the education profession. To promote some balance for current policy debates, evidence for 10 unintended, unrecognized, or unarticulated positive consequences is provided. The article concludes with an examination of the relationship between high-stakes testing and accountability systems.


In today's knowledge-based economy, intellectual capital has more important value compared to physical capital so that this capital can be a strategic tool for all organizations. Intellectual capital is the knowledge that an organization is able to use it in its business processes in order to create value for the company. Intellectual capital is created by science and can play the most effective role in the success of the organization. Intellectual capital management is crucial for long-term success of company.


The objective of this paper is to provide assistance to students, which when given at the appropriate level is invaluable in the learning process. Not only does it aid the student's learning process but it also prevents problems such as student frustration and floundering. Students' key demographic characteristics and their marks determined using a small number of written assignments, internal exams, attendance, etc., can constitute the training set for a regression method in order to predict their performance and marks. The scope of this work compares some of the state-of-the-art regression methods in this thesis of predicting students'marks. A number of experiments have been conducted using six methods, which were trained using datasets provided by the Hindustan College of Arts and Science.


❏ Check your sump pump. Clean the sump pump and pit, and test the pump by pouring water into the pit. Consider having a spare submersible portable sump pump. Make sure the discharge hose delivers the water several feet away from the house to a well-drained area that slopes away from the house. If the hose outlet is too close to the house foundation or on fl at ground, the water may simply recycle down through the house drain tile. Don't run sump pump water into a rural septic system because the water may saturate the drain fi eld. In cities, running sump pump water into the sanitary system may overload the system and cause sewage backup, plus it may be illegal.


This paper argues that Lowry's novel, The Giver, falls short of a consistent philosophical premise regarding the establishment of Sameness in the novel because it vacillates be-tween a metaphysical and an epistemological understanding of Sameness. On the other hand, Ross's film, Pleasantville , navigates the same high concept with more philosophical consistency. Further, the film illustrates the white establish-ment's fears of female sexuality and the racialized Other with more concreteness than the abstract liberation experienced by community members in The Giver.


Methodologically rooted in the paradigm of the constructivism and the complex thought, the research work reassesses the history of the discontinued thought, characterized by epistemological ruptures. It shows that each of them has been both a dialogic and a progress but also a regression for the human spirit. We refer to that of the historical modernity (around XVII century called "the Cartesian moment" by Foucault), that of the Enlightenment, the Moderns, the post or the hypermodernity. So, this work finds its theoretical anchorage, including its hypothesis, in these different ruptures. How does modernity allow questioning, the moderns' abstract and Universalist humanism by opening coming views which structured the professional teaching ethic? The first three parts will enlighten the emergence of the issue, scope the skates of the new ethic and sign another educational paradigm, taking into account the current issues and trying to understand what for ages, structured the traditional teaching ethic. The last two parts make a bent and flashback towards former humanism and stoician, having a look both at the paradigm of the tale and the value it sets to the topological, creative, poetic and imaginary dimension. That is the starting point of the results of this research and its four teachables around which have been articulated the new landmarks structuring that new professional teaching ethic heard as "conatus", a being attention and style.


Cement an intensive energy construction material with production increase of 5% annually. The production of one ton of cement liberates about one ton of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere. So, one way to produce ecofriendly concrete to reduce the use of Cement is by replacing fly-ash with alkaline liquids. In this work comparison of compressive strength of Geopolymer concrete with Control concrete. Trial mix proportion the cement is fully replaced by fly-ash with alkaline liquids. Sodium silicate (Na2Sio3) and Sodium hydroxide (Na OH) solution are used as Alkaline liquids in different mix proportions. Concentration of Na OH was kept 8M. Both the liquids were mixed together and alkaline solution was prepared. In this work split tensile strength and flexural strength were found. The cubes, cylinder and beam are tested at 3, 7, 14 & 28 days. And then the strength Geopolymer concrete compared with control concrete. Keywords-Fly ash-based geopolymer, alkaline solution, compressive strength


The Minnesota Department of Transportation (MN/DOT) in-house staff developed its own Freeway Management System control software called Intelligent Roadway Information System (IRIS). IRIS employs other open source software in its overall operation that has proven to be very reliable, technically advanced and very economical. This paper describes the IRIS software, the reasons why MN/DOT has decided to make IRIS available to other agencies as GPL software and the current status of the assessment of IRIS by other agencies.


Constraint-based group recommender systems support the identification of items that best match the individual preferences of all group members. In cases where the requirements of the group members are inconsistent with the underlying constraint set, the group needs to be supported such that an appropriate solution can be found. In this paper, we present a guided approach that determines socially-aware diagnoses based on different aggregation functions. We analyzed the prediction quality of different aggregation functions by using data collected in a user study. The results indicate that those diagnoses guided by the Least Misery aggregation function achieve a higher prediction quality compared to the Average Voting, Most Pleasure, and Majority Voting. Moreover, another major outcome of our work reveals that diagnoses based on aggregation functions outperform basic approaches such as Breadth First Search and Direct Diagnosis.


This article aims to outline and project three new learning scenarios for Higher Education that, after the emergence of ICT and communication through the Network-lnternet, have appeared under the generic name of virtual communities. To that end, we start from a previous conceptual analysis on collaborative learning, cooperative learning and related concepts taking place in these communities and serving as a basis for sorting them into three types in particular: communities of educational work, professional practice and scientific knowledge. Virtual communities where the activities undertaken and skills acquired are set as important parts of our personal learning development, which are necessary to build the Knowledge Society.


Pilumnus dasypodus  is reported for the first time in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, Northeastern Brazil. Sampling occurred in the north and south coast of the state in four locations (the farthest about 500 km of the known south distribution of the species). This new record increases the information about the distribution of this species, showing a possible relationship between the distribution of species and the Atlantic Tropical Ecoregion.


A. (2010). Costs of relaparotomy on-demand versus planned relaparotomy in patients with severe peritonitis: an economic evaluation within a randomized controlled trial. General rights It is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), other than for strictly personal, individual use, unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). Disclaimer/Complaints regulations If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please Ask the Library: Abstract Introduction: Results of the first randomized trial comparing on-demand versus planned-relaparotomy strategy in patients with severe peritonitis (RELAP trial) indicated no clear differences in primary outcomes. We now report the full economic evaluation for this trial, including detailed methods, nonmedical costs, further differentiated cost calculations, and robustness of different assumptions in sensitivity analyses. Methods: An economic evaluation was conducted from a societal perspective alongside a randomized controlled trial in 229 patients with severe secondary peritonitis and an acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (APACHE)-II score ≥11 from two academic and five regional teaching hospitals in the Netherlands. After the index laparotomy, patients were randomly allocated to an on-demand or a planned-relaparotomy strategy. Primary resource-utilization data were used to estimate mean total costs per patient during the index admission and after discharge until 1 year after the index operation. Overall differences in costs between the on-demand relaparotomy strategy and the planned strategy, as well as relative differences across several clinical subgroups, were evaluated. Relative differences in mean total costs per patient (approximately 21%) were robust to various alternative assumptions. Planned relaparotomy consistently generated more costs across the whole range of different courses of disease (quick recovery and few resources used on one end of the spectrum; slow recovery and many resources used on the other end). This difference in costs between the two surgical strategies also did not vary significantly across several clinical subgroups. Conclusions: The reduction in societal costs renders the on-demand strategy a more-efficient relaparotomy strategy in patients with severe peritonitis. These differences were found across the full range of healthcare resources as well as across patients with different courses of disease.


As a medical student at McGill in 1972, I was honored to meet Dr. Balfour Mount. He made it possible for me to accompany him to St. Christopher's Hospice. We were 8 students from all over the world. Dr. Cicely Saunders felt the best way to learn to be with dying patients was to work as a nurse. So, in that summer of my third year of medical school, I did.
My career has gone on, first at Mc Gill and since 1987 at UC San Diego. I have been privileged to teach generations of students and faculty a humanistic empowering model of healthcare, seeing the patient as teacher. Our role is to create environments where people take charge of their lives and achieve wellbeing.
My first teacher in doing unfinished business was my father. I was 17. He was 72. He had a MI, called me and my mother into the CCU and said, "The last 25 years with you and Ellen have been the best years of my life. If I should die, I want to say thank you and goodbye." Then he lived for 20 years and we got to know each other. Present at these moments in people's lives, we can facilitate unfinished business, whether a mother with cancer, who wrote letters for the next 20 years of her daughter's life, knowing she wouldn't be there, a Somali family saying goodbye in the ICU to a loved one or my Dad, opening doors to the future.


Abstract: This is a meticulous survey of the reception of some lyric subgenres in Hellenistic poetry and it is meant to be the first of a series of contributions on the subject. Leaving aside lyric in a religious context, the paper is divided into two main sections, namely lyric poetry composed for rulers and lyric poetry written for everyday people. In the new social context lyric poetry was intended for presentation in the royal symposia. The Alexandrians wrote all types of occasional lyric poetry (enkomia, epinikia, epithalamia, threnoi and epikedeia), a fact that is reflected both in the work of distinguished poets, such as Callimachus, Posidippus and Theocritus as well as in the epigrammatic tradition and in poetic fragments found on papyri. Special attention is given to stichic lyric poetry and to the new genre of the mime, whereas the oral tradition of the carmina popularia and the making of lyric anthologies for symposiastic use complete the picture.


This paper delineates the process of constructively aligning course intended learning outcomes, teaching learning activities, and assessment tasks to boost students' accomplishments of intended learning outcomes. It, also highlights, how the usage of two teaching tools, well-regarded by educators, emerged propitious in analyzing students' progression in learning and in augmenting their academic skills. Biggs' model of constructive alignment, Biggs' SOLO taxonomy and Bloom's taxonomy of educational objectives were used for this purpose. Four factors emerged pivotal for efficacy and effectiveness of the process - creating positive learning environments, linking academic content to real life situations, selecting appropriate teaching learning activities and developing learning outcomes that are measurable and attainable, to facilitate the teaching and learning processes.


The objectives of this studies were to (1) improve the quality of nursing services in the out patient department (OPD) of Ang Thong Hospital, (2) improve services behaviour of nursing personnel, (3) improve clinic environment, and (4) to assess the satisfaction of patients receiving services from the outpatients clinic. The study began with the analysis the outpatient service system by using SWOT Analysis (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats), identifying the problems associated with the services at the OPD, and continuing improving the services. Major findings were as follow: 1. Special programs were incorporated into the development scheme, such as pre-picking of patient cards for queuing, advanced preparation of hospital files for patients appointed to special clinics, provisionn of drinking water for patients waiting at the OPD. 2. Training of all 162 personnel to improve the services. Standard service descriptions were made as guidelines for the services. 3. Improving physical enviroment by reoainting and redecorating the buildings, renovating rest rooms, posting signs for direction within the hospital, and installing air conditioners at the clinic. 4. For the patients' satisfaction study, it was found that (a) the outpatients were moderately satisfied with the services offered (mean=3.89), the outpatients were higher appreciated on human relationship (mean=4.02), quality of nursing service (mean=4.00), and convenience (mean=3.91), (b) the means of the outpatients with the services after the development program was increased on human relationship (12%), coordination and medical information (10.40%), and quality of nursing services 8.80%, respectively. Outpatient waiting time was decreased from 71 minutes to 64 minutes, and (c) The increase in the means of the outpatients satisfaction with the nursing services after the development program was statistically significant, especially on human relationship and quality of services (p<0.01), and coordination and medical information (p<0.05), and (d) suggestions for further improvement of the services included the expansion of the OPD, improvement of toilet facilities and fair queuing of patients to see the doctor.5. Service time for each patient was reduced by 7 minutes, from 71 minute before the development program to 64 minutes after the program.


THIS is a very good resume of what has been published respecting these cases, and the diagnosis between abscess and croup, laryngeal oedema, perichondritis and cysts, and retro-pharyngeal abscess and new growths is discussed. Treatment consists in early incision, followed, if necessary, by soothing or stimulating applications by means of the brush. DESCRIPTION of a rare case of true warty growth of the larynx. In the regio arytenoidea were some white prominences of the size of a pea, of hard consistence, broad-based, and easily removable. There was normal mobility of the larynx. The mucous membrane was in a state of chronic catarrh. The microscopical examination showed the condition to be a true verruca. author of man extensive the also of spleen, Four-teen for an nose, to the effected by old-standing lupus the post-mortem vomiae. Tubercle in larynx a free of true or false.


A prototype unified message broadcast system to handle the site-wide distribution of all control system messages for the Superconducting Super Collider is presented. The messages are assembled in the control room area and encapsulated for transmission via a general fiber-optic link system to devices distributed throughout 70 miles of tunnels. An embedded timing signal is used by the distribution system to ensure that messages arrive at all devices simultaneously. Devices receive messages using a special receiver sub-system. A simple version of this system is to be used in the Accelerator Systems String Test (ASST) at the SSC site in 1991. *operated by the Universities Research Association, Inc., for the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-89ER40486.


Abstract Historical and archival sources are of cardinal importance in landscape research addressing the processes and course of landscape changes in European regions. The Franziscean cadastre from the 19th century is among the most widely used historical sources in Central Europe. We identified 1440 records, finally providing 104 articles reporting the use of the Franziscean cadastre for in-depth analyses in order to identify (i) the practice of the cadastral data processing, (ii) purpose and spatial extent of the study, (iii) use of complementary sources and (iv) particular land use/land cover classes under study. We have found the increasing attention towards the Franziscean cadastre as a source for landscape research reflected by the doubling number of records in the past decade with majority of the case studies located in Czechia (79), followed by Austria (9) and Italy (3). We have identified the trends in the use in landscape trajectory research and application to hydrology, agriculture and forestry. As regards the data processing, several issues connected with the methodology or design of the records were found (e.g. geographic information system processing description and data source specification). We further problematize the suitability of the supplementary data used and conclude our review with a set of recommendations to contribute to the discussion on the methodology of landscape reconstruction with historical datasets.


We study the shape and the structure of the bifurcation curve $f_{a}(\rho)$ \\ $(=\sqrt{\lambda })$ with $\rho: =\min_{x\in (0,1)}u(x)$ of (sign-changing and nonnegative) solutions of the boundary blow-up problem \begin{equation*} \left\{ \begin{array}{l} -u^{\prime \prime }(x)=\lambda f(u(x)),\;01$ and $a>0$. We mainly show that the bifurcation curve $G_{f_a}(\rho)$ satisfies $\lim_{\rho\! \rightarrow \pm \infty }G_{f_a}(\rho)\!=\!0$ and $G_{f_a}(\rho)$ has a exactly one critical point, a maximum, on $(-\infty ,\infty )$. Thus we are able to determine the exact number of (sign-changing and nonnegative) solutions of the problem for each $\lambda >0$.


An experiment is described that approximates the industrial chlor–alkali process using a membrane cell. The experiments allows students to assimilate the basic theoretical concepts of applied electrochemistry (charge and mass balances, charge and mass transport processes, Faraday's laws, etc.) and to familiarize themselves with figures of merit such as current efficiency, energy consumption, and area time yield.


Homologous desensitization of β2-adrenergic and other G-protein-coupled receptors is a two-step process. After phosphorylation of agonist-occupied receptors by G-protein-coupled receptor kinases, they bind β-arrestins, which triggers desensitization and internalization of the receptors. Because it is not known which regions of the receptor are recognized by β-arrestins, we have investigated β-arrestin interaction and internalization of a set of mutants of the human β2-adrenergic receptor. Mutation of the four serine/threonine residues between residues 355 and 364 led to the loss of agonist-induced receptor-β-arrestin2 interaction as revealed by fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), translocation of β-arrestin2 to the plasma membrane, and receptor internalization. Mutation of all seven serine/threonine residues distal to residue 381 did not affect agonist-induced receptor internalization and β-arrestin2 translocation. A β2-adrenergic receptor truncated distal to residue 381 interacted normally with β-arrestin2, whereas its ability to internalize in an agonist-dependent manner was compromised. A similar impairment of internalization was observed when only the last eight residues of the C terminus were deleted. Our experiments show that the C terminus distal to residue 381 does not affect the initial interaction between receptor and β-arrestin, but its last eight amino acids facilitate receptor internalization in concert with β-arrestin2.


NOD.H-2h4 mice given NaI in the drinking water develop SAT with chronic inflammation of the thyroid by T and B cells and production of anti-thyroglobulin (Tg) autoantibody. CD28-/- NOD.H2-4 mice, which have greatly reduced numbers of CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ Treg, were developed in order to examine the role of T reg in SAT development in WT and B cell-deficient (B-/-) mice. CD28-/- NOD.H2-h4 mice given NaI water develop more severe SAT than WT mice with collagen deposition (fibrosis) and low serum T4. Lymphocyte infiltration of salivary glands is also increased compared to WT mice. Most 4-6 mo old CD28-/- mice not given NaI water also develop SAT, whereas WT NOD.H-2h4 mice not given NaI water rarely develop SAT until much later. Although anti-Tg autoantibody levels generally correlate with SAT severity in WT mice, CD28-/- mice have reduced anti-Tg autoantibodies. Over time, the percentage of splenic follicular B cells decreases and marginal zone B cells increase. B -/- NOD.H-2h4 mice are resistant to SAT, but they develop SAT after transient depletion of T reg. CD28-/-B-/- mice, which lack most T reg, develop SAT comparable to WT NOD.H-2h4 mice. In B-/- mice, a lack of B cells as APC during the initiation phase of SAT may lead to preferential activation of Treg leading to reduced activation of effector T cells and reduced SAT severity. T reg also regulate SAT development if B cells are present since severe SAT develops in CD28-/- mice lacking T reg. (Supported by NIH RO1 AI076395)


We report the detection of a very red source coincident with the gravitational lens 1938+66.6 (Patnaik et al. 1992) in K 0 (2:12 m), H (1:6 m), J (1:25 m), and Thuan-Gunn r (0:65 m) bands. 1938+66.6 has previously been detected as a partial radio ring indicating lensing. We nd K 0 = 17:1 0:1 and r = 23:9 0:2, making it a very red source with (r ? K 0) = 6:8 0:25. We also observed in Thuan-Gunn g band (0:49 m) and found g > 24:5 at the 90% conndence level. We interpret our observations as a reddened gravitational lens on the basis of its optical-IR color and positional coincidence with the radio source.


Five years after neariy 120 heads of state gathered in Rio de Janeiro for the Earth Summit, a special session of the United Nations General Assembly served as the first formal review of progress since that event. From June 23 to 27, 54 heads of state and 158 government ministers met in New York City to assess progress toward sustainable development and decide on measures to advance it. In most respects, the world's leaders agreed, the global environment has deteriorated over the past five years. After the industrialized countries pledged in Rio to stabilize their carbon dioxide emissions at 1990 levels by 2000, emissions in all but three countries have risen substantially. Air pollution in most of the world's cities has worsened. Freshwater supplies are much more imperiled. An area of forest the size of Iowa is burned or cut each year. The loss of biological diversity has not slowed—about 50,000 species become extinct each ...


Objective of this study was to evaluate peculiarities of abdominal pain syndrome in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and to assess efficacy of Enterospasmil in complex therapy of these patients. 120 patients with IBS and 35 patients with IBD were examined. Age of patients varied from 18 to 65 years. Abdominal pain syndrome was detected in all patients with IBS and IBD. In examined patients we have detected predominantly variable, without irradiation, often of blunt, aching nature, lasting more than 3 hours, with moderate intensity. Enterospasmil is an effective drug for abdominal pain relief in patients with IBS and IBD and can be used in complex therapy of these patients.


2006 Background: Radiotherapy with concomitant and adjuvant TMZ (TMZ/RT→TMZ) is the standard of care for newly diagnosed GBM. MGMT methylation status may be an important determinant of treatment response. Compared with the standard adjuvant TMZ, dd TMZ results in prolonged depletion of MGMT in blood mononuclear cells and possibly in tumor. This trial determined if intensified TMZ improves survival (OS) or progression free survival (PFS).

METHODS
This phase III trial was conducted by the RTOG, EORTC and NCCTG. Neurologically stable patients with adequate tissue for prospective MGMT analysis were randomized to Arm 1: standard TMZ (150-200 mg/m2 x 5 d) or Arm 2: dd TMZ (75-100 mg/m2 x 21 d) q 4 wks for 6-12 cycles. Symptom, QOL and neurocognitive testing was performed in a subset of patients. The primary endpoint was OS. Secondary analyses evaluated impact of MGMT status. Eligibility criteria included age > 18 yrs, KPS ≥ 60, and tissue block with > 1cm2 tumor.

RESULTS
A total of 833 patients were randomized from a total of 1173 registered. Inadequate tissue (n=144) and early disease progression (n =56) were the most frequent reasons for non-randomization. No statistical difference was observed between Arms 1 and 2 for median OS (16.6, 14.9 mo, p = 0.63), or median PFS (5.5, 6.7 mo, p = 0.06), or by methylation status. MGMT methylation was associated with improved OS (21.2, 14 mo, p < 0.0001), PFS (8.7, 5.7 mo, p < 0.0001) and response (p = 0.012). Cox modeling showed that MGMT status and RPA class were significant predictors of OS while the treatment arm and radiation technique (EORTC vs. RTOG) were not. There was increased grade ≥ 3 toxicity in Arm 2 (19%, 27%, p = 0.008); mostly lymphopenia and fatigue.

CONCLUSIONS
This study did not demonstrate improved efficacy for dd TMZ for newly diagnosed GBM regardless of methylation status. However, it confirmed the prognostic significance of MGMT methylation in GBM. Additionally, it demonstrated the feasibility of tumor tissue collection, molecular stratification and collection of patient outcomes in a large transatlantic intergroup trial and established this as a viable clinical trial paradigm. Supported by NCI U10 CA 21661 and U10 CA37422.


SUMMARY A class of flexible and asymptotically efficient group sequential designs is developed herein for one-sided and two-sided tests of the parameter of an exponential family. Efficiency is measured in terms of the expected sample size and power function, under prespecified constraints on the maximum sample size and Type I error probability. It is shown how these designs achieve asymptotic efficiency by adapting to the information about the unknown parameter during the course of the experiment. Moreover, they are very flexible and can circumvent the difficulties due to 'information time' versus 'calendar time' that arise in more complex settings such as time-sequential clinical trials comparing the failure times of two treatments.


A new water-soluble fluorescent conjugated polyelectrolyte, poly[9,9-bis(3′-butyrate)fluoren-2,7-yl] sodium (BBS-PF), was studied as a fluorescent probe for protein sensing. The conjugated polyelectrolyte BBS-PF shows high fluorescence sensitivity to cytochrome c, lysozyme, and bovine serum albumin (BSA). The Stern–Volmer constant (Ksv) in cytochrome c was measured to be as high as 6.1 × 107 L/mol, approximately twice as that of the other two. Interestingly, it is found that BSA slightly enhances the fluorescence of BBS-PF rather than quenches the fluorescence at its micromolar concentrations. The excitation spectra confirm that the interaction of BBS-PF with the proteins could be different. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011


pVⱽᴳᴶΦ, a single-stranded DNA binding protein of the vibriophage VGJΦ was subject to biochemical analysis. Here, we show that this protein has a general affinity for single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) as documented by Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay (EMSA). The apparent molecular weight of the monomer is about 12.7kDa as measured by HPLC–SEC. Moreover, isoelectrofocusing showed an isoelectric point for pVⱽᴳᴶΦ of 6.82 pH units. Size exclusion chromatography in 150mM NaCl, 50mM sodium phosphate buffer, pH 7.0 revealed a major protein species of 27.0kDa, suggesting homodimeric protein architecture. Furthermore, pVⱽᴳᴶΦ binds ssDNA at extreme temperatures and the complex was stable after extended incubation times. Upon frozen storage at −20°C for a year the protein retained its integrity, biological activity and oligomericity. On the other hand, bioinformatics analysis predicted that pVⱽᴳᴶΦ protein has a disordered C-terminal, which might be involved in its functional activity. All the aforementioned features make pVⱽᴳᴶΦ interesting for biotechnological applications.


Nowdays regarding to structures burning at the recent years, stuructures burning alteration to probable matter, that happen probable increase with earthquake in the sturactures, steel sturactures for its essence weake against fire, this sturactures beahavior always considerable with research. In this reserch steel moment frame behavior under post earthquake fire and fire without earthquake effect has invected. Also in this research effect of fire proof cover exictencee and inexictence has been invected. There from that during earthquake happen, fire proof cover has damage in the plastic hinge, this happen effect in sturacture response and steel moment frame has been invected.
 In this thesis, to investigation behavior of steel moment frame against this phenomenon use ABAQUS and SAP2000 software. For examination effect of earthquake on sturacture pushover method has been utulized and then fire effect on the sturucture has been applied via temperature analysis. Also for more comprehensive investgation effect of the fire on steel moment frame sturacture so major fire and minor fire in the difference has been considered as expected steel moment frame against fire without earthquake effect has a resistance mor than against postearthquake fire. Also result showed that fire proof cover will have considerable effect in response and behavior of steel moment frame.


To exploit the potentialities of Nanophotonics, it is important to control the
 properties of the material at the nanometer scale, obtaining a good agreement between
 the experiments and the theory. Nanofabrication can open the way for new concept of
 devices. Article not available.


Observations of the soft x-ray emission from the Crab Nebula, made with the MSSL x-ray telescopes on board the satellite Copernicus, requlre a review of the currently accepted interstellar abundances of light elements. The soft x-ray data imply on a gas column density of (3.1 plus or minus 0.5) x 10/sup 21/ atoms cm/sup -2/ using Brown and Gould (Phys. Rev. D; 1: 2252 (1970)) x-ray absorption cross sections. Results obtained from 21 cm radio measurements indicate a lower value of the column density. Better agreement between the x-ray and radio values can be obtained by increasing the abundances of helium and neon over those assumed by Brown and Gould. (auth)


For diesel engines equipped with a combined spiral/tangential inlet, the main object of the valve structure and valve lift dissimilitude strategies is the valve, the changes of both will alter the motion state of the in-cylinder airflow, which has an important impact on the formation and combustion of the mixture. In order to investigate the flow performance of valve structure and valve lift dissimilitude, this paper used computational fluid dynamics (CFD) numerical simulation and multi-parameter regression methods to optimize the dual intake valve structure and obtained three valve structures with better intake performance first. Then, the optimized intake valve structure models were combined with the valve lift dissimilitude schemes to conduct steady-flow tests for the intake port. Through the reasonable combining of the two, the intake performance of the original engine was further improved. The results show that the valve structure has a relatively small influence on the intake mass, while it has a greater effect on the formation of the swirl in the cylinder, increasing the swirl ratio by 8.0%. The optimized valve structure model was combined with the valve lift dissimilitude scheme. It was found that the valve structure with optimal intake mass combined with the dissimilitude scheme of the largest valve lift of the spiral inlet could increase the flow coefficient by a maximum of 1.9%. The valve structure of the optimal swirl ratio combined with the dissimilitude scheme of the largest valve lift of the tangential inlet could increase the swirl ratio by a maximum of 9.7%. This study can guide diesel engines with combined intakes to increase the intake mass and improve the intake performance.


Health claim could be the representation of the relationship between food or food constituent and health,including nutrient function claim,other function claim and claims of reduction of disease risk.The regulations in international organization and related counties,the requirements,the influences,and the developing trends of health claim were reviewed.


Currently, recycling of materials at the end of consumer goods' working life has been in the spotlight in society, especially due to the environmental benefits generated by this practice. For this reason, recycling becomes a key fator within large companies, allowing them to generate revenue from processes' waste while disposing that residue adequately. The goal of this Project is to search for a solution to increase the recycling index in a company located at the region know as "Vale do Paraíba" in Brazil. With that in mind, the DMAIC – a lean six sigma methodology for project management was used, and the wastes considered were polymeric waste consisting of polypropelene (PP) and polyethylene (PE), as well as pellets produced by extrusion. These materials were submitted to Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) analysis for purposes of characterizing the wastes behavior under temperature variations and identifying the optimal parameters for extrusion. The results show that there is no change on the properties of the materials after the extrusion process, and the optimal point at which processing of the wastes becomes financially viable, allowing the prodution of pellets which can be used as raw material in other processes.


Radial convective transport competes with classical parallel transport to determine the radial penetration of plasma into the tokamak scrape-off-layer (SOL), influencing recycling and wall damage. This motivates theoretical models and experimental verification of blob velocity scalings discussed in this paper. In a separate study, recent developments in the "Accretion Theory" of spontaneous tokamak rotation, and its relation to blob physics are also considered.


Terramin Australia Ltd has recently received high cash reserves, which it plans to spend on the exploration programmes in South Australian projects. The funding has been found to be extremely helpful in enhancing the production pipeline of the country.


Apresentacao efetuada no New Frontiers in Blue Biotechnology : Research & SME Alliances in Early Drug Discovery : A Lunch Briefing (at the Invitation of Ulrike Rodust, MEP), Brussels, Beligum, 2014


The design widely applies in the clothing domain,specially the design on has the enormous function in the clothing lining design,studies the clothing pattern design rule to from the different consideration formally,including punctual constitution forms and so on constitution,striation constitution,surface shape constitution,synthesis constitution,will also have the design configuration of organization also in the clothing lining design the very good decoration function.


To enable the apple picking robot to quickly and accurately detect apples under the complex background in orchards, we propose an improved You Only Look Once version 4 (YOLOv4) model and data augmentation methods. Firstly, the crawler technology is utilized to collect pertinent apple images from the Internet for labeling. For the problem of insufficient image data caused by the random occlusion between leaves, in addition to traditional data augmentation techniques, a leaf illustration data augmentation method is proposed in this paper to accomplish data augmentation. Secondly, due to the large size and calculation of the YOLOv4 model, the backbone network Cross Stage Partial Darknet53 (CSPDarknet53) of the YOLOv4 model is replaced by EfficientNet, and convolution layer (Conv2D) is added to the three outputs to further adjust and extract the features, which make the model lighter and reduce the computational complexity. Finally, the apple detection experiment is performed on 2670 expanded samples. The test results show that the EfficientNet-B0-YOLOv4 model proposed in this paper has better detection performance than YOLOv3, YOLOv4, and Faster R-CNN with ResNet, which are state-of-the-art apple detection model. The average values of Recall, Precision, and F1 reach 97.43%, 95.52%, and 96.54% respectively, the average detection time per frame of the model is 0.338 s, which proves that the proposed method can be well applied in the vision system of picking robots in the apple industry.


Abstract Emphasis on literacy within middle and high school classrooms is not new; however, there is a shortage of research exploring literacy across disciplines, especially in a geography classroom. Using a holistic case study, we investigated how one first-year geography teacher integrated multiple active literacy strategies within her instruction. Findings indicate that while our participant intended to engage students in participating and acting as geographers, she first needed to support students' comprehension with graphic organizers, inquiry, and projects. These findings may affirm other educators' attempts to incorporate literacy within their instruction. They also lead to implications and considerations for teacher education programs.


Abstract In the present paper we consider a correspondence weaker than Galois connection and prove that this produces Kurosh–Amitsur radicals in a very general setting including all universal classes of Ω-groups. As a framework we introduce a simple combinatorial structure which uses mappings between complete lattices.


ABSTRACT The annular pulsed disc-and-doughnut column (APDDC) is an important extraction contactor used in the PUREX process. In this work, hydraulic investigation was carried out in a stainless-steel APDDC, with 30% (v/v) tributyl phosphate (TBP)-kerosene + uranium nitrate + nitric acid + water as the test system. Two operation modes with aqueous phase and organic phase as the continuous fluid were performed separately. The equations, which were previously developed for 30% TBP-kerosene + nitric acid + water system in aqueous phase continuous operation mode, were presently used to predict the holdup, the Sauter drop diameter, the flooding holdup, the flooding throughput, and the operating regimes in both operation modes. Good agreement with the experimental data was observed because the wettability of the dispersed phase on the internals in both the operation modes was similar with that in the aqueous phase continuous operation mode in the previous work. An exception is the flooding properties of the organic continuous operation mode because of a different flooding mechanism. And so new equations were proposed to calculate the flooding properties for the organic continuous operation mode.


At the N.I.P. 15th Annual Conference, entitled "Shame and Sexuality," Dr. Jody Davies presented her ideas about love, passion, and sexuality in her paper "The Times We Sizzle, and The Times We Sigh: The Multiple Erotics of Arousal Anticipation and Pleasure." Speaking in the sanctuary of The New York Theological Seminary chapel, Davies posed some fascinating questions. What is meant by the sexual, the erotic, and the romantic? Are there two kinds of sex, one of romantic attachment and another of erotic passion? What place does aggression and, specifically, perversity have in our sexuality: one of shame? disgust? passion? Drawing on Fairbain's theory of endopsychic structure, Davies proposed that there are two generalizable, universal, sexual self-state systems. Good object sexuality is characteristic of romantic love and "clean" loving sexuality. Bad or exciting object sexuality is characterized by "dark," stimulating, hot sex. Each self-state exists dissociated from the other. Each selfstate has its own characteristic sets of ideas, affects, and body experiences. The capacity to bridge these dissociated systems of self organization allows them, as Davies put it, to coexist, to modulate to contain each other. It represents a developmental achievement that makes possible a mature sexual response that is neither prudish nor sadistic. This bridging of contrary organizations of sexual motivation is itself dependent upon the ability to tolerate sexual excitement without being overwhelmed by rage or


Conventional grid-code specifications for dynamic ancillary services provision such as fast frequency and voltage regulation are typically defined by means of piece-wise linear step-response capability curves in the time domain. However, although the specification of such time-domain curves is straightforward, their practical implementation in a converter-based generation system is not immediate, and no customary methods have been developed yet. In this paper, we thus propose a systematic approach for the practical implementation of piece-wise linear time-domain curves to provide dynamic ancillary services by converter-based generation systems, while ensuring grid-code and device-level requirements to be reliably satisfied. Namely, we translate the piece-wise linear time-domain curves for active and reactive power provision in response to a frequency and voltage step change into a desired rational parametric transfer function in the frequency domain, which defines a dynamic response behavior to be realized by the converter. The obtained transfer function can be easily implemented e.g. via a PI-based matching control in the power loop of standard converter control architectures. We demonstrate the performance of our method in numerical grid-code compliance tests, and reveal its superiority over classical droop and virtual inertia schemes which may not satisfy the grid codes due to their structural limitations.


Little known in Brazil, the marine ornamental fish production has characteristics for generating employment and income for small entrepreneurs. This study analyzes the economic viability of the clownfish, Amphiprion ocellaris, in a recirculating water system, at Florianopolis, Brazil. For evaluate the cost of production, were considered th e effective operational cost (EOC), total operational cost (TOC) and the total cost of produc tion (TCP). The indexes for the evaluation of the profitability were the internal return rate (IRR) a nd the payEback. The labor represents the major operational cost, about 40%. The internal return ra te (IRR) was 37.15 and 58.23% and payEback 25 and 33 months, respectively, for the two market pri ces of R$ 25.00 and R$ 30.00. The smallEscale production in recirculation system is presented eco nomically viable, with attractive profitability indicators compared to other aquaculture ventures


This paper presents a mesh generation technique based on the 3-D Delaunay triangulation and boundary surface recovery system. The Delaunay triangulation is usefully introduced as basic tool of automatic mesh generation. However, the Delaunay tetrahedrization still has problems. One of them is problem of recovery of boundary surface. In the Delaunay tetrahedrization, recovery of the boundary surface is complicated work. Using Both the Delaunay tetrahedrization and the advancing front method is make it possible to recover the surfaces. However the tetrahedra, which are generated by the advancing front method, do not satisfy the condition of Delaunay tetrahedra. It is necessary that the domain is filled with Delaunay tetrahedra, when the Delaunay tetrahedrization is carried out. As a new approach to the construction of boundary surfaces, Delaunay tetrahedrizetion itself is applied. Constrained Delaunay tetrahedrization is presented. This constrained Delaunay tetrahedrization provides simple and benefit system of surface recovery.


An optical light guide, including the optical elements surrounding the hollow cavity (7) is configured to uniformly distribute the homogeneous collimated light (1) on the liquid crystal display 16. Optical light guide is a beam splitting structure (3), the retarder 13 and mirror reflector 15 on the surface facing the inlet aperture of the light guide, the exit Ke covering the inlet aperture (2) of the light guide aperture 11 the beam redirecting structure 10 and the reflective polarizer (8) and with an outlet aperture mirror reflector 12 on the bottom of the light guide to face the, and the outlet aperture perpendicular to the entrance aperture of the above It includes. Light guide, cavity, split, redirected, uniformity, polarization, the collimator.


The recent finding of large electrocaloric effect in several ferroelectric polymers creates unique opportunity for developing compact size solid state cooling cycles beyond the traditional mechanical vapor compression cycles. Here, we show that, by employing regeneration process with solid state regenerators, a chip scale Electrocaloric Oscillatory Refrigeration (ECOR) can be realized. A prototype ECOR is fabricated and characterized. More than 6 K temperature span is obtained near room temperature between the hot and cold sides of a 2 cm long device. Finite volume simulation validates the test results and shows the potential high performance of the ECOR.


This study purports to survey on the illumination environment design in gallery. These gallery spaces need to improve individual illumination environments, in compliance with the recommended ratio of illumination intensity to brightness, and to create a new illumination design using a wide variety of illuminations.


Phytoplankton studies in the Betania Dam (Huila, Colombia) are scarce, there are only three published articles about it, and only one focused on the structure of the community, published 30 years ago, reporting 10 classes, 55 genera and 88 phytoplankton species as well as a deterioration in the water quality due to the contribution of fertilizers and biocides to the Dam. Likewise, the geomorphological characteristics of the Dam contributed to eutrophication, which needs to be focused on since Betania Dam is a very important source of economic income for the region, due to the generation of hydroelectric energy, traditional fishing, fish farming, tourism, and sports. Our objective was to analyze the composition of the current phytoplankton community in Betania Dam, highlighting the differences regards the initial filling conditions. We collected water samples bimonthly in 10 sampling stations distributed throughout the Dam over 452 Paula Mart́ınez Silva et al. a period of two years, additionally in 3 stations dissolved oxygen was recorded at six different depths; subsequently, in the laboratory, taxonomic identifications were made to the minimum possible taxon and the Margalef, Shannon Winner and Equity indexes were obtained. During the sampling period, 13 classes, 87 genera and 137 species were recorded; 52 new species with respect to the study carried out 30 years ago, of which 19 species had not been reported for Colombia. The most abundant classes were Cyanophiceae and Dinophyceae, the genus Mycrocistis was dominant in several samplings and recorded marked blooms in the Dam. Diversity indexes showed medium to low diversity and dominance of few species, and conditions of anoxia were recorded at the greater depth sampled. Phenomena such as the Paez River avalanche, the construction of El Quimbo Dam upstream from Betania and the transport of fingerlings to the Dam potentiate the presence of the new species recorded in the present study with respect to the phytoplankton study 30 years ago. The conditions of anoxia, periods of drought, the Niño southern oscillation and the strong fishing activity promote algal blooms in the Dam, increasing the dominance of a few species, characterizing the Betania Dam as an aquatic ecosystem with high environmental stress.


The radiation impedances of the asymmetric coplanar and symmetric double-strip lines located on the surface of a ferrite substrate of finite thickness are calculated at the presence of an additional screen placed at a certain distance from the conductors of the line, so that the frequency band of the magnetostatic wave propagation coincides with the one in the free ferrite substrate. The influence of the screen on the frequency dependences of the radiation impedances are investigated.


The invention discloses a health monitoring system based on an intelligent closestool. Physical indexes of a user are obtained by extracting and sampling urine of the user and conducting various types of index urine detection and analysis on a urine sample through sensors, and returned to a user terminal. The user terminal conducts inquiry or consultation on a remote medical health cloud server according to information such as the urine detection result and the dining time, and the inquiry or consultation result can be conveniently and rapidly returned to the user. In the specific configuration of the health monitoring system, no more auxiliary devices are needed, sampling, detecting and the like of the sample are all designed in the closestool, the sampling and detecting accuracy is quite accurate, space and cost can be greatly saved, and the health monitoring system is suitable for ordinary families.


Omowale Lithuli-Allen was born in Amarillo in 1948, and grew up in Louisiana. He discusses growing up in the Jim Crow South and some of his early activism in high school. In 1966, he enrolled at the University of Houston, where he became involved in organizations such as COBER and Afro-Americans for Black Liberation (AABL). Following his activism at UH and Texas Southern University, he became involved in cross-racial coalitions, where he came together with Mexican American activists to address social, political, and economic inequalities in Houston. Mr. Lithuli-Allen also discusses the history of the role of SHAPE Center in the Third Ward, and his involvement with My Brother's Keeper, a youth outreach initiative by the Obama administration.


Neurophobia is a common multifaceted issue amongst students studying medical sciences at an undergraduate level associated with difficulty in understanding neuroscience topics and ongoing negative perceptions of clinical neurosciences. We sought to examine whether neurophobia was present even amongst students who participated in an extracurricular neuroanatomy teaching course.

 Prior to the beginning of a twelve-week online neuroanatomy course, delegates were asked to complete a short questionnaire examining perceptions of neurophobia and specialities of interest. This was repeated after the course. This course was open to all undergraduate students in the UK and covered material beyond the remits of the undergraduate curriculum.

 From the 166 signups, 98 students completed the pre-course questionnaire. As expected, the majority of students (n = 83) taking part did not identify as neurophobic, describing the subject area as 'interesting', 'enjoyable' and 'challenging'. Students who identified as neurophobic described neuroanatomy as 'complex' or 'overwhelming'. Some students (n = 12) continued to describe themselves as neurophobic at the end of the course, despite this 7 of those students continue to consider a future career in a neuro-related speciality.

 The fact that students with Neurophobia attended this extra-curricular course speaks volumes of how perception and self-motivation of a student are important for learning a subject. All students who participated in this course recognised the complexity and interesting nature of neuroanatomy. This experience highlights the challenge of medical educators to provide teaching experiences that are stimulating and enjoyable, but not overwhelming.


Overweight and obesity are defined as abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that presents a risk to health (WHO 2010). The fundamental cause of obesity and overweight is an energy imbalance between calories consumed and calories expended. Global increases in overweight and obesity are attributable to a number of factors including: a global shift in diet towards increased intake of energy-dense foods that are high in fat and sugars and a trend towards decreased physical activity due to the increasingly sedentary nature of many forms of work, changing modes of transportation, and increasing urbanization. The WHO recommends using the body mass index (BMI), which is defined as the weight in kilograms divided by the square of the height in meters (kg/m2), to assess the level of overweight and obesity. At present, the WHO defines overweight as a BMI equal to or more than 25, and obesity as a BMI equal to or more than 30. The range of 18.50 to 24.99 is considered as normal. For Asia-Pacific region, the WHO recommend different ranges (WHO 2000). BMI cut-points provide a benchmark for individual assessment, but must be regarded as a rough guide for adults (WHO 2006). The BMI criteria used for children and teens are different from those used for adults.


Employing numerical simulating procedures for unsteady heat transfer processes, this paper analyses the variation patterns of the indoor temperature, the temperature differences between the room as a study object and its neighbor rooms caused by the heat transfer between residential units and of the temperature distribution of the envelope at the lowest point of regulation, i.e. when stopping heating the object room, for two kinds of typical rooms in existing reinforced concrete structure houses. This paper obtains the temperature difference value caused by the heat transfer between residential units. The results can be adopted for reference in calculating the transferred heat between neighbored rooms and in household-based heat metering and charging during heating system designing or retrofitting.


We experiment with interactive machine learning for mouse behavior classification, following the pioneering work JAABA [1]. Here, we describe a simple image processing pipeline that allows extracting individual body parts from single mouse top view video. Our experiments show that behavior classification accuracy increases substantially when transitioning from wholebody descriptors to features computed from individual body parts, their position and motion.


The present invention relates to a simulation of HVDC control and protection system, the system comprising: a DC control protection function based emulation module, configuration software NewLinkC, DC control protection simulation program modules, DC element protection control system emulation module and the real-time digital simulation instrument RTDS emulation module, the DC module emulation program control and protection elements based protective function module emulation function configuration of the DC control in the configuration software NewLinkC, write protection simulation program into a direct current control, direct current control emulator protected by real-time digital simulation module instrument RTDS custom device programming and packaging technology to customize and packaged as DC control protection emulation module, the closed-loop DC simulation system based on real time digital simulation instrument the module and real-time digital simulation instrument RTDS system element simulation module interconnect is formed, the present invention an apparatus to achieve a level simulation, versatility, portability, low cost, high flexibility, practical and simpler than the access RTDS simulation platform.


Qin Guan's poetry,which is scornfully taunted as "sissy",has been overshadowed by and attracted far less attention than his ci.In connection with his poetry,an deep analysis of "Sissy Poetry" is attempted,the features and the writing technique of his poetry studied,and the real appearance of his poetry recovered.


Using the intertwining relation we construct a pseudosuperpartner for a (non-Hermitian) Diraclike Hamiltonian describing a two-level system interacting in the rotating wave approximation with the electric component of an electromagnetic field. The two pseudosuperpartners and pseudosupersymmetry generators close a quadratic pseudosuperalgebra. A class of time dependent electric fields for which the equation of motion for a two level system placed in this field can be solved exactly is obtained. New interesting phenomenon is observed. There exists such a time-dependent detuning of the field frequency from the resonance value that the probability to populate the excited level ceases to oscillate and becomes a monotonically growing function of time tending to 3/4. It is shown that near this fixed excitation regime the probability exhibits two kinds of oscillations. The oscillations with a small amplitude and a frequency close to the Rabi frequency (fast oscillations) take place at the background of the ones with a big amplitude and a small frequency (slow oscillations). During the period of slow oscillations the minimal value of the probability to populate the excited level may exceed 1/2 suggesting for an ensemble of such two-level atoms the possibility to acquire the inverse population and exhibit lasing properties. Corresponding Author: B F Samsonov E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com


During the last years, a large number hybrid semiconducting compounds have been prepared and studied, showing intense and tunable optical properties when compared with artificial semiconductors. In this work, some recent results concerning the photoluminescence spectra of low dimensional systems or particulate (nanocrystalline/microcrystalline) materials are being reported, either embedded within porous matrices or other type of matrices and compared to their spectra in suspensions in toluene or in solid form, as well with absorption and electroluminescence spectra. These materials show intense excitonic effects due to the strong quantum confinement, while their chemically controllable optical properties appear at room temperature. As in the case of quantum dots based on CdSe and similar compounds, these materials show blue shifted photoluminescence and optical absorption when compared to the analogous three dimensional semiconductors. It is possible to prepare, with low cost, such materials covering with absorption and luminescence excitonic peaks the range of 350-700nm. The related EL spectra show that it is possible to contain this type of material into simple useful optical and/or electrooptical devices.


PURPOSE
To determine the fracture resistance of chairside CAD/CAM lithium disilicate full coverage crowns and two different designs of overlay restorations for premolars.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
CAD/CAM lithium disilicate (IPS e.max CAD for CEREC/HT A1 C14, Ivoclar Vivadent) restorations (15 specimens/group) with 1.5 mm occlusal thickness and 1.0 mm chamfer were designed and fabricated with a chairside CAD/CAM system (CEREC, Dentsply Sirona). The restorations were prepared in 3 different designs: (1) full coverage crowns, (2) overlays with the margin located 2 mm above the gingiva, and (3) overlays with the margin located 4 mm above the gingiva. Restorations were cemented using conventional resin luting cement (Multilink, Ivoclar Vivadent) with primer system (Monobond Plus, Ivoclar Vivadent) to resin printed dies, load cycled (2,000,000 load cycles at 1 Hz with 275 N force) and then finally loaded with a steel indenter until failure. SEM observations of fractured surfaces were also conducted. Group results were analyzed with one-way ANOVA, and the medians were evaluated independently with Kruskal-Wallis.

RESULTS
The fracture force of CAD/CAM lithium disilicate restorations was significantly different (p<0.001) depending on the design of the restoration. Full coverage crowns showed significantly higher force to fracture (1018.8 N) than both types of overlays (p = 0.002 for overlay 2.0 mm and p<0.001 for overlay 4.0 mm above gingiva). Among the two overlays, the restoration with the margin located 2 mm above the gingiva showed significantly higher fracture force (813.8 N) than the overlay with margin at 4 mm above the gingiva (436.1N) (p<0.001). The fracture appearance of the crowns was much more complex than that of the overlay restorations.

CONCLUSIONS
Full coverage chairside CAD/CAM lithium disilicate premolar crown showed higher fracture resistance than overlay restorations. Overlays with the margin located 2 mm above the margin demonstrated higher resistance than those with the margin located 4 mm above the gingiva. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


Conservation and management activities are always constrained by finite resources. Therefore, decisions such as which sites to protect, whether existing habitat should be restored or whether new habitat should be created, and where on the landscape management efforts should be focused present difficult challenges. An overarching goal of many conservation or management plans is the long-term persistence of populations, which is often dependent on functional connectivity and the maintenance of metapopulation dynamics. Graph theory and network approaches are frequently used tools for modeling functional connections between populations and between habitats. Less often, graph models are used to guide conservation or management decisions. We used spatial networks derived for an amphibian population to determine optimal locations to create new habitat, prioritize existing habitat for restoration, and determine the habitat most critical for maintaining connectivity within the existing metapopulation within Fort Leonard Wood, Missouri, USA, 2012–2014. Using data collected at 206 breeding ponds over 3 years, we constructed demographic networks representing the functional connectivity between ponds by dispersing ringed salamanders (Ambystoma annulatum). We incorporated uncertainty in key model parameters through Monte Carlo simulation, and used a graph-theoretical parameterization of the metapopulation mean lifetime model to assess how changes in network structure affect persistence of the network. We conducted addition and removal experiments within our Monte Carlo simulations to rank and prioritize locations for pond creation, ponds for restoration, and ponds for preservation. Salamanders bred in 106 ponds in 1 year; 2.4% of ponds functioned predominantly as sources and 51% of occupied ponds functioned predominantly as sinks. The importance of a pond to the network was correlated with the number of emigrants dispersing from a pond, the number of ponds reached by these dispersers, and the frequency a pond functioned as a source. Creating new ponds at optimal locations increased the persistence of the network an average of 15.4% compared to randomly selected locations, whereas selective restoration of currently unoccupied ponds resulted in an average increase of 31.4% in network persistence, as compared to randomly selected unoccupied ponds. Through Monte Carlo simulation, we constructed biologically informed demographic connectivity networks for use as a spatial conservation or management planning tool. Although our approach was implemented with an amphibian and a breeding pond network, it is generalizable to any species occupying discrete habitat patches. 2017 The Wildlife Society.


In this paper, an one-dimensional heat conductivity equation is considered. Such an equation describes, for example, a wall which exhibits temperature changes across the thickness, whereas the temperature remains constant along the in-plane directions. The problem of recovering the unknown temperature at the left end point of the domain is studied. It is assumed that the temperature and the heat flux are measured at the right end point of the domain. Using the Laplace transform, the problem is reduced to an integral equation defining the unknown temperature at the left end point as function of time. An approximation of the integral equation yields a linear system defining the values of the unknown function. Additionally, the graph of the unknown function is considered as a sequence of segments or overlapping quadratic or cubic parabolas, and the condition of common tangents at common points of neighboring parabolas is imposed. The resulting overdetermined system is solved using the least square method whose fitting function consists of two parts: a residual responsible for satisfying the integral equation and a term responsible for the matching of the segments/parabolas. The last term is multiplied by a regularization parameter that defines the stiffness of the solution graph. Appropriate values of the regularization parameter are being chosen as local minimizers of a discrepancy. Numerical experiments show that one of such values provides the best choice. Numerical simulations exhibit a very exact reconstruction of solutions even in the case of large measurement errors (up to 10%).


In the assembly area of Chinese and Russian descendants along Sino-Russian border and the communities of Russians in Harbin and Shanghai, Catholic customs were once quite popular. There are many Catholic churches and typical Russian woodcut arrises here. Both Chinese and Russian foods and dresses are available. Bilingual conversations and names are quite common. On the one hand, this adds another color to the plurality of Chinese folk customs. On the other hand, Russian customs, more or less, have been changed in this area.


Modern processes taking place in all spheres of public life of the country, as well as trends in world politics related to the expansion of geopolitical interests and the strengthening of information and in fl uence of Western countries, have updated the problem of training military specialists who can withstand numerous information threats. In that connection, the priority areas of psychological and pedagogical research should include the study of the conditions for the development of the internal resources of the individual, which allowed her to adapt to the conditions of the information space, be prepared for emerging dif fi culties and be able to solve professional problems. These opportunities are realized thanks to the development by graduates of military universities of means of identifying and protecting against negative information in fl uences in the fi eld of their professional activities. The article reveals the understanding and essence of critical thinking, justi fi es its relationship with the information security of the individual. The authors analyze the concept of «information security culture of the future of fi cer», comparing the structure of critical thinking with the value-motivational, cognitive and activity component of this phenomenon. In accordance with the components, the levels of development of critical thinking of cadets are determined. Based on the analysis of pedagogical practice, pedagogical conditions have been identi fi ed that ensure the formation and development of critical thinking of future military specialists, which allows not only to accurately determine information manipulations, but also to respond adequately to them.


The work described covers both theoretical and experimental phases of the acceIeration of plasma by a quasistatic r-f electric field gradient. Theoretical studies indicate that a plasma will be accelerated toward the low- field region if the applied frequency is greater than a critical frequency of the plasma, and toward the high-field region if the frequency is less than the critical frequency. The critical frequency is a function of ion density and is equaI to the electron plasma frequency for a plasma slab with the r-f field perpendicular to its face. Acceleration and deceleration of plasma were observed experimentally. The observed acceleration is consistent with the theoretical predictions. A tenuous mercury plasma (critical frequency less thand the applied frequency of 140 Mc) was accelerated from 5 x 10(sup 5) to 25 x 10(sup 5) cm/sec as the maximum electric field was increased from zero to l70 v/cm. Denser plasmas were decelerated in the same field. (auth)


In urban areas, the parking area was a problem that was quite complicated, especially in areas that become activities like industry centres, economy, tourism and others. In term of this, it was due to the fairly large urbanization which causes increasing population in urban areas. In addition, the level of private vehicle ownership was high enough so that it would directly add to the traffic flow. The problem that arose then was the traffic congestion caused by traffic flow exceeds the road capacity, the traffic processing system that is not good, nor because the road does not operate as it should. The one implication was the road not functioning properly was the parking of vehicles using the road (on-street parking). Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the park characteristics, in order to know the parking spaces capacity, as well as providing alternative solutions when capacity did not meet the parking space. This study was only conducted on the parking lot of the capacity market delinquent parking spaces as well as the park characteristics that included the accumulated parking, parking volume, parking average length, parking turnover rate, index parking of which was the object of this research was cars passenger and two-wheelers. In regarding this research could be used as input and consideration in determining or take wisdom in dealing with the parking problem in Pasar Badung (traditional market).


In this paper, we present a quality assurance (QA) programming for the Helical TomoTherapy and share the QA practical experiences with this state-of-the-art machine in radiation therapy. According to the Ionizing Radiation Protection Act (Article. 17, item 3), the regulations of medical exposure quality assurance in Taiwan, has to include the items of daily, monthly, and annual schedule for every treatment machine in a department of radiation oncology. We presented the QA programming that is performed in our department, which follows the principle of AAPM TG-40 but contains some novel components, reflecting the differences between the Hi-Art devices and conventional linear accelerators.


Jatropha (Jatropha curcas Linn.) is a non-edible oilseed plant with adaptability to marginal semi-arid lands and wastelands. The Indian Government is promoting jatropha to reduce dependence on the crude oil and to achieve energy independence by the year 2012, under the National Biodiesel Mission. Adaptive trials on J. curcas were undertaken at the North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat, Assam. The aim of the study was to determine source variation in J. curcas accessions collected from 17 states (34 locations) of India and to identify the best sources to be utilized for reforestation and future genetic improvement work. The evaluation of 34 cultivars revealed a good degree of variation for plant height, stem girth, branches per plant and 100 seed weight. The accessions have shown measurable growth responses, which were sufficient for a conclusive remark. Hence the present study was carried out with the respective first and second year growth performances. Variation in the physiological parameters of different sources was also studied. The pattern of variation exhibited for different characters was found to be different and varied with age. Such variation among different populations may be due to different intensities of natural selection acting upon the traits in their natural habitat. High 100 seed weight (142 g) was observed in one cultivar. The performance of Naharlagun (Arunachal Pradesh), Lamphelpat (Manipur), Dergaon (Assam) and Namsa (Nagaland) sources was satisfactory. The results indicate that genetic differences exist among accessions of J. curcas. The relative performance of these sources was fairly consistent throughout the observation period.


Granular materials contrast to continuous media show a unique state of matter with properties common to both fluids and solids, and possess a non-cohesive property between the constituent particles. Understanding these unique properties of granular materials is an important subject for science and technology [1]. Especially, granular systems under vertical vibrations have become the subject of many investigations, such as mixing, segregation, heaping, and pattern formation. Certain dissipative systems, such as liquid or granular materials, show various instabilities, called Faraday surface waves, from a flat free surface to many organized patterns to a turbulent state when the strength of the vertical oscillation is increased [2,3]. A rich variety of patterns, including stripes, squares, hexagons, phase discontinuities, and solitary structures, have been observed in shallow granular beds under the vertical vibrations with a single frequency [3]. There are two significant differences between a granular layer and a liquid layer in the mechanism of pattern formations for Faraday surface wave experiments. During the whole process of vibration, a liquid layer remains in contact with the supporting plate [4], but a granular layer loses its contact with the supporting plate and undergoes free flight whenever its acceleration amplitude is greater than the gravitational acceleration g [3]. Therefore, the pattern-formation process in a liquid layer depends on the motion of the plate during the whole cycle, but that of the granular layer is independent of the motion of the plate during the free-flight time. Another significant difference is that the pattern formation in gran-


Objective.  We organized a 'World Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Day' event to raise awareness in society of the disease and we evaluated the results of the activity.  Method . Volunteers (n= 79) consisted of persons shopping in a famous shopping center in Bursa. A short past history of COPD from the volunteers was requested. Pulmonary Function Tests were performed by spirometry and a Fagerstrom test for dependence was filled out by the volunteers. In cases where airway obstruction was detected, physicians performed a reversibility test.  Results.  Of the 79 volunteers who participated in the study, 39 cases were detected to have airway obstruction. Of those, 15 patients had been previously diagnosed with COPD; on the other hand, 24 patients were diagnosed with COPD for the first time. There was no newly diagnosed COPD patient among the nonsmokers. The prevalence of COPD was 49.36% and the awareness rate was only 38.46%.  Conclusion.  In the present study, we determined that the COPD prevalence is 49.36%, which is quite high when compared with the previous studies published in Turkey. In such a cross sectional study, volunteers would probably be composed of persons who would have the disease at higher rates. We observed that there was a low awareness of COPD among smokers. Events that are aiming to increase the social awareness to such a particularly prevalent disease should be encouraged.


Laser cleaning is a surface engineering technology which uses the high-energy characteristic of laser to remove attachments on the substrate. It has been gradually promoted in the fields of microelectronics, mould, building, aerospace, and so on. However, as a pillar industry of national economy, there are rare reports on the application of laser cleaning technology in petrochemical industry. In this paper, the cleaning needs and technology status of petrochemical industry are introduced, the existing technology cannot fully meet the new requirements of petrochemical industry development. The development of laser cleaning technology both at home and abroad in recent years is reviewed, the work has provided a theoretical basis and ideal reference for the application of laser cleaning in the petrochemical field. And the application occasions of laser cleaning technology in petrochemical field are analyzed. In addition, the specific research directions and application prospect are pointed out.


What is the breeding frequency of the king penguin? More than 30 years of study and five major investigations, did not answer this question owing to the length (14 months) and the spreading (four months of laying) of reproductive events.

Following intensively during three consecutive years nearly 1000 tagged birds in a small colony, we obtained the individual history of a large part of the population. To these demographic and phenological studies, we have associated an endocrinological study validating blood samples and experiments in another colony.

The success or failure of a breeding cycle determines the timing of the subsequent breeding attempt. At Crozet Islands, the king penguin can rear one chick every two years at best: a successful breeding is followed by unsuccessful late breeding (or by non-breeding). So a large part of the population displays an annual periodicity of breeding attempts but with low individual breeding success.

The restarting of the reproductive cycle appears basically to be annual, the pituitary responding to the photoperiod. Steroid patterns present classical variations of level according to the reproductive stage. Prolactin (PRL) and luteinizing hormone (LH) are antagonists but, in this species, PRL remains high without external stimulation. To relay after failure in the field. we have experimentally to break down endogenous PRL. So, we have demonstrated that PRL has a key role in the reproductive cycle.

Paradoxically, the king penguin is an irregular breeder, quasi-biennial, although physiologically an annual breeder. In winter, there is not enough food at sea to rear the chick and during four months, the chick fasts. So a successful breeding cycle, which can be shortened to only nine months in captivity, is extended to more than a year for ecological reasons.


This article is based on the Clay Mathematics Senior Scholar Lecture that was delivered by Bernd Sturmfels in Park City, Utah, on July 22, 2004. The topic of this lecture was the tropical approach in mathematics. This approach was in its infancy at that time, but it has since matured and is now an integral part of geometric combinatorics and algebraic geometry. It has also expanded into mathematical physics, number theory, symplectic geometry, computational biology, and beyond. We offer an elementary introduction to this subject, touching upon arithmetic, polynomials, curves, phylogenetics, and linear spaces. Each section ends with a suggestion for further research. The proposed problems are particularly well suited for undergraduate students. The bibliography contains numerous references for further reading in this field. The adjective tropical was coined by French mathematicians, including JeanEric Pin [16], in honor of their Brazilian colleague Imre Simon [19], who was one of the pioneers in what could also be called min-plus algebra. There is no deeper meaning in the adjective tropical. It simply stands for the French view of Brazil.


Abstract Objective This study aims to identify pediatric resident knowledge and attitudes on current practices and ideal gestational age (GA) thresholds for offering and mandating resuscitation, and the role of influencing factors in decision-making. Study Design Pediatric residents were assessed via electronic survey at a large academic institution. Result A total of 62% of the residents identified 23 weeks as the lower threshold for resuscitation, despite 84 and 89% reporting that practices are inconsistent and unclear, respectively. Only 21% identified 24 weeks as the latest GA that parents may decline. The majority disagreed with our current practices, identifying older GA as appropriate for all thresholds. They reported scientific evidence as undervalued, and attending physicians' personal beliefs as overvalued in decision-making. Conclusion Our residents recognize decision-making for extremely preterm infants consistent with general guidelines for management based on population outcomes, but attribute these decisions to physicians' personal beliefs. Preferences for higher GA thresholds for resuscitation may reflect disproportionate pessimism about these patients or diverse values regarding autonomy.


We describe the systems of the University of Alberta team for the SemEval-2023 Visual Word Sense Disambiguation (V-WSD) Task. We present a novel algorithm that leverages glosses retrieved from BabelNet, in combination with text and image encoders. Furthermore, we compare language-specific encoders against the application of English encoders to translated texts. As the contexts given in the task datasets are extremely short, we also experiment with augmenting these contexts with descriptions generated by a language model. This yields substantial improvements in accuracy. We describe and evaluate additional V-WSD methods which use image generation and text-conditioned image segmentation. Some of our experimental results exceed those of our official submissions on the test set. Our code is publicly available at https://github.com/UAlberta-NLP/v-wsd.


The relationship between western flower thrips (WFT) populations in flowers and catches on yellow sticky traps was investigated in a hydroponic strawberry crop in the Sydney area in 1999–2000. The thrips population was initially dominated by males, but by mid-summer it was composed primarily of females. At a point when approximately 60–65% of WFT on traps were female (approximately 20–30 females per trap), the overall density of thrips on traps and in the crop increased rapidly, resulting in severe damage to immature fruit. The sex ratio of 0.60–0.65 females corresponded very closely to a mean of five adult WFT per flower at the start of the trapping week, which was an infestation level previously calculated as the action threshold to prevent damage to young green fruit.


In this paper,computationalism is criticized.The paper points out that the essential feature of computers is machine.The computationalism thinks that not only cognition and life can be regarded as a calculating process but also whole cosmos can be regarded as a huge calculating system.The book of the nature is written in algorithm language and cosmos is a huge calculating system.This viewpoint of all-purpose calculation is wrong.In fact,computer is no more than a kind of machine.


The purpose of the paper is to supply a new analysis and study method for study on military equipment requirement.Based on characteristics of the study on the demand of military equipment,the theory of Set Pair Analysis(SPA) is introduced and the concept of Set Pair Trend(SPT) is described.The basic concepts of Counteractive Trend(CT),Attack Trend(AT) and Defense Trend(DT) are put forward based on the principle of SPT.A set pair model is built up for analyzing the demand of military equipment.Taking two modern local combats as examples,we studied the various military equipment used by the two sides.


Large scale potable water transmission system considered in this paper is the Toronto Water System, one of the largest potable water supply networks in North America. The main objective of the ongoing Transmission Operations Optimizer project consists in developing an advanced tool for providing such pumping schedules for 153 pumps, that all quantitative requirements with respect to the system operation are met, while the energy costs are minimized. We describe here a linear, so-called Simplified Model (SM), based on mass-balance equations, which is solved on week horizon and delivers boundary conditions for so-called Full Model (FM), which is nonlinear and takes into account hydraulic phenomena and water quality. Keywords—linear programming, minimum cost operative planning, pump scheduling, water supply.


Communication has always played an important role in Software development, since the current grow of globally distributed software development, communication confronts more challenges, making it an important problem in software development. Then, different communication practices are adopted by companies with help of new technology, replacing face to face communication, although developers claim that it cannot replace live and personal communication. Let's see what happens in an open source community, since we know that development in open source communities are an special case. We conducted an exploratory study on active developers in Pharo's community, an open-source project, and contrast how software development communication takes place in open source community, focusing on expertise and direct communication. We conclude with future work in this area, with the objective of nurture communication.


Bach JR, Gonçalves MR, Páez S, Winck JC, Leitão S, Abreu P: Expiratory flow maneuvers in patients with neuromuscular diseases. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2006;85:105–111. Objectives:To compare cough peak flows (CPF), peak expiratory flows (PEF), and potentially confounding flows obtained by lip and tongue propulsion (dart flows, DF) for normal subjects and for patients with neuromuscular disease/restrictive pulmonary syndrome and to correlate them with vital capacity and maximum insufflation capacity. Design:A cross-sectional analytic study of 125 stable patients and 52 normal subjects in which CPF, PEF, and DF were measured by peak flow meter and vital capacity and maximum insufflation capacity by spirometer. Results:In normal subjects and in patients, the DF significantly exceeded PEF and CPF (P ≤ 0.001). For normal subjects, PEF and CPF were not significantly different. For patients with neuromuscular disease/restrictive pulmonary syndrome, the CPF significantly exceeded PEF (P < 0.05). No normal subjects but 14 patients had DF lower than CPF. Thirteen of these 14 had the ability to air stack (maximum insufflation capacity greater than vital capacity), indicating greater compromise of mouth and lip than of glottic muscles. For 14 of 88 patients, maximum insufflation capacity values did not exceed vital capacity, mostly because of inability to close the glottis (inability to air stack). Nonetheless, for 11 of these 14 patients, the DF were within a standard deviation of the whole patient group; thus, bulbar-innervated muscle dysfunction was not uniform. CPF and PEF correlated with vital capacity (r = 0.85 and 0.86, respectively), and with maximum insufflation capacity (r = 0.76 and 0.72, respectively). Conclusions:Measurements of CPF, PEF, and DF are useful for assessing bulbar-innervated, inspiratory, and expiratory muscle function. Care must be taken to not confuse them.


A method is proposed for proportioning self-compacting high- and ultra-high-performance concrete mixes without steel fibres (SCHPC/SCUHPC) and with steel fibres (SCHPFRC/SCUHPFRC) which meet the standard flow and passing ability criteria without segregation. This method is based on an extensive investigation of the flow characteristics of self-compacting concrete (SCC) mixes using computational simulations. It provides an alternative tool to the heuristic mix design of SCC, thus avoiding expensive and time-consuming tests in laboratories or on site.