The inheritance of virulence on the Lr2 alleles for resistance to the leaf rust fungus (P. recondita Rob. ex. Desm.) was investigated using selfed and "backcross" selfed cultures of race 11, F1 cultures of race 9 × race 11, race 11 × race 161 and F1 and F2 cultures of race 9 × race 161. The three host alleles Lr2a, Lr2b and Lr2c were transferred into the wheat varieties Thatcher, Red Bobs and Prelude by a series of backcrosses. Race 11, and probably race 161, have a single recessive gene, p2, for virulence on the three Lr2 alleles and an additional gene(s) that modifies or inhibits the action of the p2 gene on the three host alleles. Lines with the Lr2a gene from Webster were most resistant to the greatest number of cultures, those with Lr2b from Carina were intermediate while those with Lr2c from Brevit and Loros were least resistant. The Lr2 alleles were most effective in the Thatcher background, intermediate in Prelude and least effective in Red Bobs.


The beaches are no vegetated, unconsolidated sediments deposits; their sediments are characterized by size, shape and composition. The Artists beach is situated near Sergipe river mouth and presents a variable morphology due to erosive and depositional processes. This study aims to characterize the sediment from Artists beach - Aracaju - Sergipe. The field work was taken from october 2008 to june 2012. A total of 186 surface sediment samples were taken in 6 transects perpendicular to the shore at intermediate beach face. Samples were rinsed with fresh water, dried and divided into sub-samples for dry sieving analysis. Grain size distributions were determined using the SYSGRAN package, which provided the grain size, standard deviation (sorting), skewness and kurtosis. The sediment grain size distribution from Artistas beach ranged mainly from fine to medium grained sand, moderately sorted, near symmetrical and fine (positively) skewed with a mesokurtic distribution. This study showed that sediments from investigated beach have similar characteristics to those of fluvial sediments, showing the influence of Sergipe river mouth as a sediment source.  The beach sediments characterization can help beach restoration projects for that's one under erosive processes. Thus, this work is useful for the environmental planning of the Artistas beach.


The angular dependence of light scattering from the homogeneous ternary system polystyrene + polyisobutylene + toluene was measured at a fixed (critical) concentration as a function of temperature. On approaching the critical temperature the scattering becomes very large and strongly angle-dependent. The experiments show that the interaction range rG is of the same order of magnitude as the molecular radius of gyration of the polymer, but cannot be set equal to it as in the case of a binary system of one polymer in a single solvent. The temperature dependence of the various interaction parameters does not depend on the molecular weights of the polymers.


X-ray powder diffraction data for CuGa0.15In0.85Se2 and CuGa0.50In0.50Se2 are reported. Indexing of the X-ray diffraction powder pattern and the Rietveld refinement confirmed that these compounds crystallize in the tetragonal crystal system, with space group I-42d (No. 122) and lattice parameters of a=5.7528(2) Å and c=11.5225(3) Å for CuGa0.15In0.85Se2 and a=5.6847(1) Å and c=11.2817(1) Å for CuGa0.50In0.50Se2. The CuGaxIn1−xSe2 system presents the chalcopyrite type crystal structure (CuFeS2) and corresponds to two stacked zinc-blende unit cells. The metal atoms Cu, In, and Ga are regularly ordered in the unit cell. Every Se atom is tetrahedrally bonded to two Cu and two In and Ga atoms.


Previous works have demonstrated the possibilities to influence the innovation process in organizations. Although the presented initiatives have their merits, they suffer from a lack of integrated perspective. They are focused on the evaluation of the link between the innovation process and only one of the subsystems of the administration, without considering the implications of the other subsystems. The aim of this article is to define a model of structural equations that summarizes the impact of the variables related to innovation management in organizations. This article first presents the identified variables according to the analyzed literature and then shows which variables were selected by consulting experts on the field. To measure the selected variables some questionnaires were elaborated. The questionnaires were applied in 111 entities of different production sectors. A confirmatory factorial analysis was developed with the obtained measures. Thanks to this analysis, it was possible to verify the incidence of the evaluated variables in the innovation management, allowing the elaboration of the model. The proposed model shows the link between the different variables that contribute to the innovation management process. The analysis confirmed that innovation, as a construct, has a multifactorial nature. The information used as input for the elaboration of the model allowed introducing a new sequence of innovation management from the integrated management of the variables that can influence it. This integrated management ensures effective human resources management, production, and marketing. The findings confirm that innovation needs to be managed in an integrated way with the rest of the administrative subsystems rather than as an isolated process. This way of working allows obtaining better results for the organizations. Based on the multisectorial nature of the research sample, it can be assumed that the obtained results can be corroborated in several fields.


The utility model discloses an automobile state and fault diagnosis system which includes an OBD, a transit mobile device which stores temporarily record information of the OBD, a mobile display device and a terminal server. The OBD is connected with the transit mobile device through a data line. The terminal server is connected with the transit mobile device and the mobile display device through a network. A vehicle-mounted transmitting module of the system sends overall information of the OBD to the transit mobile device and the transit mobile device sends the overall information to the terminal server through the network and then the terminal server performs reasonable judgment according to the fault record of the OBD and is capable of matching a maintenance service scheme and sending the scheme to a mobile display device so as to enable an automobile owner to master the automobile state timely. The terminal server is used as a processing platform to process the automobile state and fault information of the OBD through network connection so that it is convenient for the automobile owner to master the automobile state timely and match and select a most suitable maintenance scheme by himself.


Let V/k be an irreducible affine algebraic variety of dimension ^ 3 defined over an infinite field k with p as its prime ideal in k[Xu -, Xn]. Let P be a rational normal point on V/k. It is proved that (1) for a generic hyperplane Hu through P, (p, Hu) is a prime ideal and (p, Hu) is quasi-absolutely (absolutely irreducible) if p is quasi-absolutely (absolutely irreducible). (2) It is not true in general that V Π Hu is normal at P; however, V Π Hu is normal at P if the local ring of V/k at P is also Cohen-Macaulay (Theorem 8).


Rationale: An omphalocele is an abdominal wall birth defect, and a giant omphalocele (GO) is defined as an omphalocele having a diameter >5 cm or containing a herniated liver. GOs are usually treated in stages and in this case, during the silo reduction, dehiscence occurred at the suture site of the axis ring and skin edge, which was repaired using synthetic absorbable mesh. Patient concerns: A girl infant was born at 36 weeks with a GO of 8 cm diameter, and herniated multiple organs such as the small bowel, cecum, appendix, and the entire liver. Even after the staged repair technique for the GO silo, wound dehiscence between the ring of the silo and the edge of the skin occurred and gradual reduction failed. Diagnosis: A GO of 8 cm diameter, which was found during prenatal ultrasonography. Interventions: Revision was performed to repair the defect. The small bowel and liver were still prolapsed, and there were severe adhesions. After adhesiolysis, the muscle layer of the abdominal wall was repaired using the tissue matrix, but the skin could not be repaired. After the second operation, the defect wound was dressed as sterilely as possible. Outcomes: The abdominal wall defect was repaired completely; there were no residual complications. Lessons: Repair of GOs using an acellular porcine dermal matrix can be considered a viable treatment option.


Numerical simulation of coolant flow inside the rod bundle of a nuclear reactor is of great engineering interest. In the design of innovative core solutions, such as high conversion tight lattice cores for Light Water Reactors (LWR), as flow distribution cannot be calculated with exact analytical methods, numerical modeling plays a vital role. A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) methodology is proposed to investigate the thermal-hydraulic characteristics in a rod bundle. Using a three dimensional numerical solution, the characteristics of an isotropic k-epsilon turbulence model for use in modeling turbulent interchange mixing within rod arrays was investigated. The model used to predict the radial component of turbulent eddy viscosity and wall shear. Existing data of Nusselt number distributions in the axial direction obtained by different authors have been employed to validate the CFD model.


Objective To study the chemical composition of volatile oils from. Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. Method The volatile oilis were extracted from Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. by steam distillation and identified by GC-MS. Result More than forty peaks were separated and 33 peaks were identified by GC-MS. The components were quantitatively determined with normalization method. Among the 33 identified peaks, there were alcohol, phenol, Ester: phenol,2, 6.bis (1, l-dimethylethyl)-4-methyl-(20. 16%) , dimethyl phthalate (6.28%) etc. , Acid; hexadecanoic acid(8.33%), octadecanoic acid(4. 68 %) et al. Hydrocarbon: nonade cane(4.71%), octadecane(4. 16%), heptadecane(4. 02%) etc. and two ketons. Conclusion The volatile oils of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. were analyzed to provide the foundation for reasonable utilization.


Propose: To study the influence of thermal cycling on the microshear bond strength of different sealants and resin modified glass ionomer to enamel. Methods: Sixty molar healthy human crowns were divided in three different groups (n=20) according the sealant type: G1– Defense Chroma (resin sealant), G2–Fluroshield (resin sealant), and G3–Vitremer (resin modified glass ionomer). The sealants were applied on the flattened enamel surface (0.8 mm in diameter) according to the manufacturer instructions. Each group was subdivided (n=10) in A, without treatment, and B, submitted to 1,0000 thermal cycles of 30 seconds of bathes at 5°C and 55°C, repeated successively. The microshear bond strength was performed to all groups with a blade (0.5 mm in thickness) at a constant speed of 0.5 mm/min / 50kgf. The bond strength values were subjected to 2-away ANOVA and Tukey Test (p <0.05). Results: The results showed significant differences in bond strength values between the sealants (p>0.5). There was no interaction between factors (p= 01.69) and thermal cycling did not influence the bond strength values ( p= 0.053). The failure mode showed predominance of adhesive failures in all groups, excepted at the G3B that had uniform failures distribution. At the groups submitted to thermal cycling, the adhesive failures tended to reduce, with mixed failures for G1 and G2, and mixed and cohesive for G3. Conclusions: The thermal cycles did not influence the bond strength of the sealants tested. The performance of resin materials was superior to the resin modified glass ionomer.


Production from many fields is restricted because of insufficient pressure to transport the produced fluids to a gathering or processing platform. If wells with different production pressures are involved in a manifolding system, the high pressure (HP) wells are choked down to achieve some limited production from low pressure (LP) wells. WELLCOM is a system which uses jet pump technology to boost the production from LP wells. The system can be used for both gas production and oil production applications. Its main benefits are the boost in production from LP wells, using the energy from HP wells which is usually wasted through chokes. This paper describes the key features, performance and field applications of the system for both oil and gas production. The benefits of the system are highlighted and it is shown that payback on capital is a matter of a few weeks or months in most applications.


Purpose: The aim of the present study was to compare the possible effects of Botulinum toxin (BT-A) and topical anesthesia (TOPA) on muscle tone and motor control of the lower extremities in hemiplegic cerebral palsied children. Methods: Thirty cases of ambulant spastic hemiplegic cerebral palsied children (19 males, 11 females) with (mean age 4 y and 5 months ± 1 y and 4 months, range 3 to 7 years) were studied. Subjects were divided into two groups equal in numbers: (1) BT-A group received two successive doses of BT-A injection to the calf muscles with two successive monthes interval between the two doses. (2) TOPA group received local anesthesia (EMLA cream) for the calf muscles, three times per week for a three successive month's period. Muscle tone assessment, ankle dorsiflexion range, and gait evaluation were conducted for every child in BT-A and TOPA groups at entry and after the treatment course for each group. Results: A comparison between BT-A and TOPA groups showed (1) Significant improvement in Ashworth scale, Tardieu scale, step width, and passive ankle dorsiflexion range in favor of the BT-A group. (2) Significant improvement in foot angle and active dorsiflexion range in favor of the TOPA group. Conclusion: Children with hemiplegic CP revealed improvements in muscle tone, range of motion, and gait parameters after BT-A or topical anesthesia. BT-A was shown to be of almost similar efficacy to topical anesthesia in respect to improvement in gait parameters. Additionally, tone reduction was more with BT-A injection, while improvement of active dorsiflexion range was more with topical anesthesia.


Students consider Arabic vocabulary to be very difficult to understand, as is the case with pupils at the Islamiyah Islamic Secondary School. Students find it difficult to understand Arabic vocabulary because the use of the educational method is not appropriate in the learning process. This research aims to: 1) To know the process of teaching vocabulary in the seventh grade at the Islamic intermediate school. 2) To know the puzzle teaching aid is developed in teaching vocabulary on the basis of Quantum Learning. 3) To know the effectiveness of developing the puzzle educational tool in teaching vocabulary on the basis of Quantum Learning. 4) To know the advantages and disadvantages of developing the educational puzzle in teaching vocabulary on the basis of Quantum Learning. To achieve the above-mentioned goals, the researcher developed the puzzle educational tool using the development theory of Borg and Gall in seven steps. And the results of expert evaluation of the medium, where experts provide the evaluation of the educational medium in terms of material quality and material content with a value of a factor of 1 which, if described, has a very high validity. The average value of the pre-test is 61%, and the average value of the post-test is 81,4%. The significance value of the data is 0.00. It is known that if the significance value is less than 0.05, HO will be rejected and both data have significance.


A descriptive study was carried out from 2nd November 2014 to 22nd March 2015. The study aims to assess the psycho-social problems of infertile couples in AL - Hilla city, Babylon Governorate - Iraq. A purposive (non-probability) sample of (50) infertile couple ((50) infertile wives and the other (50) infertile husbands) have been selected from the center of infertility in Babylon Governorate. The questionnaire includes two parts: the first for assessing demographic characteristics of sample; and two domains psychological problems and social problems which include anxiety, depression, self-esteem, and social problems. A questionnaire was adopted and developed according to the Taylor scale for anxiety, the Beck scale for depression, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES), and a questionnaire of social problems has been constructed.


Two successive annual applications of aldicarb, as subsurface band-in-row soil treatments at 4 kg (AI)/ha in the same field plots, resulted in development of strains of microorganisms that rapidly broke down aldicarb in acid mineral soils of pH above ca. 6.0. Concentration and time required for breakdown for laboratory applications of 10–750 μg (AI)/g (ppm) of soil were positively correlated. Breakdown of these concentrations ranged from 1 to ca. 14 days. Concentrations higher than ca. 800 ppm appeared to retard bacterial action and inhibited fungal growth in the soil. A 5,000-ppm application inhibited fungal growth for > 6 months and retarded growth during the following 6–8 months. Toxic residues from 2,000- to 5,000-ppm applications persisted for 6 months to 1 year or more in the moist soil but degraded faster in flooded soil. Breakdown of repeated 50- or 100-ppm applications was most rapid in alkaline and near-neutral acidic soil or water media, much slower at pH levels near 6.0, and negligible at pH levels below ca. 5.6. Rate of accelerated microbial degradation depended on pH and moisture content of the soil, amount applied per treatment, numbers of treatments, and time period between treatments of aldicarb.


Purpose – This paper aims to explore the influence of career expectations on job satisfaction of Generation Y, as well as the mediating effect of career expectations on the relationship between hotel career management (HCM) and job satisfaction. Design/methodology/approach – Data were collected from the main tourist cities in China with Generation Y employees working in the hospitality industry as the target population. A total of 442 valid questionnaires were obtained, and structural equation modeling was used to examine the relationships among the constructs. Findings – HCM contributed positively to employees' career expectation and job satisfaction. Career expectation was positively related to job satisfaction, as well as mediated the relationship between HCM and job satisfaction. Research limitations/implications – This study is limited by the use of self-reported data in the cross-sectional design because all participants filled out the questionnaires by themselves. The use of convenience sampling me...


Web search engines are typically designed to involve multiple pages of search results, and the search users engaging in exploratory search with ad hoc queries are likely to access more than one result pages. The ranking of web pages for such queries should consider additional information other than the original query, e.g., the user clicks on previous result pages. Existing methods that utilize this kind of information usually involve relevance feedback, which uses the feedback information to explore the user's intent. However, due to the limitation of the feedback mechanism, it is difficult to apply existing relevance feedback techniques to state-of-the-art learning to rank models. In this paper, we propose a novel learning to rank model for multi page search in which the user's feedback can be naturally utilized for improving the ranking of next result page. The model, referred to as MDP-MPS, formalizes the ranking of documents in multi page search as a Markov decision process (MDP) in which the search engine corresponds to the agent for constructing the document rankings in the result pages, and the user corresponds to the environment for judging the rankings and providing rewards. The policy gradient algorithm of REINFORCE is adopted for learning the model parameters. Experimental results on OHSUMED dataset showed that our approach outperformed the baselines of traditional relevance ranking model of ListNet and relevance feedback method of Rocchio.


Inter-professional education (IPE) has been proposed as a means of improving collaboration and service delivery in the health care professions. It is argued that if individuals from different professions learn together they will work better together, improving care and the delivery of service. While this argument has a strong appeal, is there evidence available to support the adoption of IPE in practice?


The problem of heat transfer for flows in channels of plate heat exchangers with cross corrugated walls is very complicated, especially relating to two phase flows. The subject of the investigation is the process of vapor condensation in horizontally oriented channels formed by corrugated plates. The corrugation of plates is complicated and consists of different patterns. The experimental investigations were carried out for single phase flow in channels under investigation and for condensation of pure vapor and vapor containing non condensable gases. Appropriate relationships were obtained. The results of investigation were used for development of special plate heat exchanger for condensation column of ammonia synthesis unit, where the condensation of synthetic ammonia occurs. The manufactured plate unit was installed into existing condensation column. The results of industrial tests are in good agreement with experimentally based relationships used for calculations and design of the plate heat exchanger.


Objective:to increase the recognition of hepatic damage indu ced by drugs,then to improve the accurate clinical use of drugs .Methods:The res trospective analysis of 36 cases hepatic damage induced by drugs treated in our hospital(from 2000 January to 2003 December).Results:14 kinds of drugs used in c linic frequently resulted in hepatic damage,among which,the anti-tuberculosis d rugs resulted in hepatic damage mostly,next were Chinese medical herbs,antipyret ic and analg etic drugs.The latent period were 1~8 weeks mainly.In the 36 cases,acute hepati c damage were 35 cases;chronic hepatic damage 1 case.The clinical phenotype:hepa tocytic damage,19 cases;bile stasis,4 cases;the mixed type,12 cases.Through the treatment,21 cases improved,14 cases got entirely well,then discharged,1 case di ed.Conclusion:the hepatic disease induced by drugs are the common disease and ov erlooked frequently in clinic.Attention should be paid to the toxicity of chinic al use of drugs.


The study is intended to find out projects financed by university's equity, can adapt to the criteria of the EFQM excellence model or not and what features come to the fore when projects have been accepted. BAPK department in Sakarya University receives quality award in 2010 have been selected as an example of the study. In this study, it is used triangulation technique with document analysis, content analysis and interviews in data to ensure the reliability and validity of the research and a threestage research strategy was followed. As a result, it is understood that the programs which propose the most widely accepted projects by BAPK have an approach to knowledge production and action apply to already adopted EFQM Excellence Model criteria.


........................................................................................................................................ 2 Acknowledgments ........................................................................................................................ 3 List of Tables and figures ............................................................................................................. 6 List of Abbreviations .................................................................................................................... 8 Chapter I Literature Review.................................................................................................... 10 Introduction ................................................................................................................... 10 Agricultural Biostimulants ........................................................................................... 12 Microbial inoculants ........................................................................................... 13 Humic substances................................................................................................ 14 Protein Hydrolysates ........................................................................................... 15 Seaweed Extract .................................................................................................. 16 Plant Growth-promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) ...................................................... 17 Biocontrol ........................................................................................................... 18 Growth Promotion .............................................................................................. 21 Seaweed Extracts .......................................................................................................... 24


This paper reviewed the realization methods of radar camouflage from five aspects, shaping design, absorbing materials, jamming, offset and microwave propagation indicating technique. Shaping design technique was analyzed for reducing radar cross section and its defects. The developing direction of absorbing material technique is to research new mechanism absorbing materials. Several new absorbing materials were introduced. Finally the paper stated the mechanism and developing conditions of jamming, offset and microwave propagation indicating technique. It is pointed out that various methods must be used coordinately to realize radar stealth effectively.


triglycerides, HDL cholesterol; glucose (enzymatic); and waist circumference (tape measure). By ATP-III criteria, the prevalence of MS was 15.6% (16.3% in men; 15.1% in women). Presence of MS had low sensitivity to detect IR (45% in men; 39% in women) but high specificity (93% in men; 95% in women). Diagnostic accuracy was fair based on the area under the ROC curve (AUC) constructed by counting MS components as recommended by ATP-III (AUC 0.797 in men; 0.747 in women). When component MS measures were considered as quantitative traits, blood pressure levels had the lowest diagnostic accuracy for IR (AUC 0.627 in men; 0.572 in women) and waist circumference had the highest (AUC 0.906 in men; 822 in women). Cutpoint values of waist circumference that optimized diagnostic accuracy for IR differed from those recommended by ATP-III (92 cm in men [vs 102 cm]; 82 cm in women [vs 88 cm]). In screening asymptomatic white adults, application of the ATP-III MS criteria provides good specificity but low sensitivity in diagnosing IR. Measuring just waist circumference is simpler and provides greater diagnostic accuracy for IR.


The entrepreneurial middle, Gary D. Libecap the overlooked middle - government regulation and mid-size business, Murray Weidenbaum mid-size business, rule-making theory, and litigation reform - beware Congressmen bearing gifts, Jonathan R. Macey fiscal policies and mid-size business, James Alm an analysis of the potential impacts of Federal Government budgetary restraints on mid-size business firms in the United States, James F. Smith understanding a consumption tax as fundamental tax reform, R. Glenn Hubbard forecasting US economic trends for use by mid-size business - the role of the Federal Reserve, Donald A. Wells.


The current study represents the successful fabrication and characterization of a Sm(iii) nano complex based on 2-cyano-N′-((4-oxo-4H-chromen-3-yl)methylene)acetohydrazide (CCMA). The fibrous Sm(iii) nanocomplex has been fabricated by the electrospinning technique. SEM analysis of the electrospun fibers has revealed that the fibers have a uniform structure and smooth surface without observing Sm(iii) nanocomplex crystals, i.e. the Sm(iii) nanocomplex has been well incorporated into the fibers. In vitro antitumor activity against two carcinogenic cell lines (HepG-2 and E.A.C.) as well as in vivo toxicity of pure Sm(iii) nanocomplex and its electrospun fibers have been detected. The biological results have shown that there is a significant antitumor activity with low toxicity of the pure Sm(iii) nanocomplex and its electrospun fibers with respect to different standard antitumor drugs. Also, the electrospun fibers recorded higher cytotoxicity (IC50 = 0.1 μM (Hep-G); 0.09 μM (E.A.C)) and lower toxicity (LD50 = 350 mg kg−1) than the pure ones. The in vitro release rate of the Sm(iii) nanocomplex from electrospun fibers has also been detected. The results have shown that the burst releasing of the Sm(iii) nanocomplex is about 22% after 1 h at the beginning, then a cumulative release increased gradually over the following hours. All results demonstrate the potential use of the Sm(iii) nanocomplex as a potent antitumor drug and its electrospun fibers as superior drug carriers for the treatment of tumors.


The boundaries between engineering design and business are becoming increasingly blurred and the need to produce innovative, entrepreneurial engineering students is growing. This work explores the meaning of innovation and how innovation is currently included in undergraduate curricula. It presents an 8 element model for encouraging innovation in cornerstone design courses based on a required cornerstone design course at the Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST). The difficulty in measuring innovation in student design projects is discussed, the limitations of proxies for innovation such as patents and publications are demonstrated, and the impact of national and disciplinary culture on innovation proxies is examined. The challenges and limitations in continuing design projects after the end of the semester and for incubating technology developed during the semester at KAIST are described and a follow-up course on innovation and entrepreneurship is proposed.


In map production,the producer uses the characteristics of colours and matching in colour to reach the sastified visual effect,so the value of the map may be improved.


Abstract Some, but not all, jurisdictions in North America have regulations in place designed to protect nesting male largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides and smallmouth bass M. dolomieu from angling. The underlying assumption that brood-guarding males are particularly vulnerable to angling, however, is untested. In this study, we quantified the vulnerability of brood-guarding largemouth bass and smallmouth bass to angling and determined the factors that influenced that vulnerability. For this, male largemouth bass and smallmouth bass guarding newly spawned eggs were located by snorkel survey. The aggression of these males towards a brood predator was quantified, the male's susceptibility to angling lures was assessed, and the quantity of eggs in his nest and his size were recorded. Male largemouth and smallmouth bass were quite vulnerable to angling while guarding their nests, 70% of nesting male smallmouth bass and 54% of nesting male largemouth bass being hooked during the experimental angling trials....


Crop acreage shifts brought about by on-farm alcohol fuel production will be constrained by factors other than the capacity of the distillery in the demand for alcohol fuel; institutional, marketing, machinery and price uncertainty also delimit the magnitude of crop acreage responses to changes in demand. This research was conducted to estimate flexibility constraints for the major crops grown in Yolo County, California for use in a linear programming optimization model constructed to evaluate the energetic and economic feasibility of on-farm alcohol fuel production. The pertinent literature was reviewed, with respect to research in the use of energy in the agricultural sector. Two alternative estimating models were developed based upon published work undertaken on the Texas High Plains and subsequently applied to Yolo County crop production data. Both models were formulated as simple linear regression equations in which either the current year's acreage or the previous three years' average is expressed as a function of last year's acreage or the previous three years' average acreage, respectively. The results were evaluated with conventional statistical measures, a model was selected, and acreage changes calculated. INTRODUCTION On-farm alcohol fuel production as an alternative source of energy both to and from the agricultural sector has been receiving a considerable amount of interest ' in research, development, and demonstration [1—3]. As part of a research effort to evaluate the economic and energetic feasibility of producing alcohol fuel from * This research was supported in part by the Institute of Ecology (Center for Environ mental and Energy Policy Research) and with financial assistance from the Agricultural Experiment Station and the Program in Appropriate Technology, all at the University of California, Davis. 37 © 1982, Baywood Publishing Co., Inc. doi: 10.2190/H9W3-MXDQ-GEVV-YYA8 http://baywood.com


REV.CHIM.(Bucharest)♦ 68♦ No. 2 ♦ 2017 408 * email: email@example.com Iron based soft magnetic alloys with various metallic and non-metallic additions are of great interest due to excellent properties exhibited by these materials [1-3]. The main application of these materials are located in cores of modern electrical devices like chokes, coils and high power transformers, where they work under varying magnetic field. For this reason, they must meet special requirements, that will allow to reduce magnetic reversal losses, giving a rise to efficiency. Typically for the production of a material having good soft magnetic properties [4-7] especially low coercivity and low core losses, the rapid solidification of melted alloy technique is used [8]. This results in obtaining of material that is characterized by lack of long range order and which has good magnetic homogeneity. This homogeneity is a one of main contributions to the excellent soft magnetic properties. It is well known, that amorphous materials exhibit low magnetic anisotropy constant, which indicate that less external energy is needed to rotate the magnetic vectors. This is a consequence of random (or heavily disordered) nature of the atomic arrangement in amorphous solids [9]. Additionally, differently than for crystalline materials amorphous structure tends to random distribution of the orientation of atomic magnetic vectors, which leads to lack of magnetic easy axis. Another important aspect of modern soft magnetic materials is to minimize the coercivity field, which essentially depends on the anchoring of domain walls during magnetization process. Anchoring of the walls takes place in a similar manner as in crystalline materials, where mainly responsible for this process are structural defects and inhomogeneities [10]. Therefore, defects should be eliminated by proper thermal treatment. Amorphous soft magnetic materials with low core losses and low coercivity suffer only for low magnetic saturation. In order to improve this parameter the nanocrystallization process is introduced. In this way, magnetic saturation can be enhanced, while still leaving other important parameters at fairly high level. Influence of Cu Substitution on the Structure and Magnetic Properties of Partially Crystallized Fe62-xCo10Y8MexB20 Alloys

https://revistadechimie.ro/count_redirect.asp?RevChimieID=5464&pdfArticle=pdf/GRUSKA K 2   nr 2 17.pdf


In order to minimize fixing error of workpieces, circle, prismatic, sphere, cylindrical and sculptures types, Modification Rule by Indexing Table and Modification Rule by NC Program are developed for machining centers by using touch trigger probes. The Modification Rule by Indexing Table means the alignment of workpiece to NC program through degree of freedoms of indexing table. The Modification Rule by NC Program is the alignment of NC program to workpiece set-up condition via the generation of NC program. A postprocessing module is also developed for generating NC-part program (User Macro) to compensate for machining errors in end milling and boring processes. Developed methods are verified by experiments.


Significance
 Trudeau will spend the summer campaigning for re-election, defending his administration's record while underscoring unfinished business for a second term.

 Impacts
 A minority Liberal government would likely ally with the NDP, Greens or both, taking politics to the left.
 A minority Conservative government would likely be short-lived, struggling to pass laws, with an election possible by 2021.
 A Conservative government would push for an end to deficit spending.


Modular microparticles induce antigen-specific immune tolerance by inducing apoptosis and promoting Treg differentiation. Augmenting autoimmunity Current treatment options for many autoimmune conditions rely on systemic immune suppression, putting individuals with autoimmunity at increased risk of infection. Thus, there is a need for strategies to deplete only pathogenic, disease-inducing immune cells while leaving the rest of the immune system intact. In this study, Chen et al. generated microparticles that induced pathogenic T cell death while expanding autoantigen-specific regulatory T cells. These microparticles reduced disease burden in mouse models of colitis, diabetes, and neuroinflammation. Together, these findings suggest that specific targeting of pathogenic immune cells is a feasible approach for treating autoimmunity. The therapeutic goal for autoimmune diseases is disease antigen-specific immune tolerance without nonspecific immune suppression. However, it is a challenge to induce antigen-specific immune tolerance in a dysregulated immune system. In this study, we developed immune-homeostatic microparticles (IHMs) that treat multiple mouse models of autoimmunity via induction of apoptosis in activated T cells and reestablishment of regulatory T cells. Specifically, in an experimental model of colitis, IHMs rapidly released monocyte chemotactic protein–1 after intravenous administration, which recruited activated T cells and then induced their apoptosis by conjugated Fas ligand on the IHM surface. This triggered professional macrophages to ingest apoptotic T cells and produce high quantities of transforming growth factor–β, which drove regulatory T cell differentiation. Furthermore, the modular design of IHMs allowed IHMs to be engineered with the autoantigen peptides that can reduce disease in an experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis mouse model and a nonobese diabetic mouse model. This was accomplished by sustained release of the autoantigens after induction of T cell apoptosis and transforming growth factor–β production by macrophages, which promoted to establish an immune tolerant environment. Thus, IHMs may be an efficient therapeutic strategy for autoimmune diseases through induction of apoptosis and reestablishment of tolerant immune responses.


As of this writing, there are three dedicated experiments based in Antarctica which seek first-ever measurement of the ultra-high-energy ("UHE", Eν >100 PeV) neutrino flux at Earth by exploiting the Askaryan effect. All three (ANITA, ARA and ARIANNA) target detection of the so-called 'cosmogenic neutrinos' which should result from interactions of ultra-high-energy baryons with the Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation (CMBR). Photoproduction of charged pions, via Nγ→Δ→Nπ±, with subsequent weak decays of those charged pions, results in neutrinos of typical energies two decades lower in energy than the primary progenitor. Subsequent in-ice weak and neutral scattering of those neutrinos off ice molecules can yield a detectable pulse of coherent, RF radiation. We will discuss the status of the latter of those three experiments (ARA and ARIANNA), which seek to measure ultra-high-energy neutrinos using antennas which are buried into Antarctic snow. Professor Dave Seckel of the University of Delaware will review...


The collection of metaphysical poems by Hrihory Skovoroda "The Garden of Divine Songs" is considered from the standpoint of biblical hermeneutics and cognitive literary studies. The question of the relevance of the study of baroque lyrics through the use of modern literary methods is clarified. The expediency of using the concepts "concept" and "Christian concept" in relation to the study of the sphere of the sacred is determined. Particular attention is paid to the variety of approaches found in scientific studies of the "sacred" as a category. Analysis of poems from the collection - 30 (thirty) - presented in the form of a table with the definition of ideas, main concepts and conceptual metaphors. On the basis of the conceptual analysis, the basic concepts that form the conceptual sphere of the sacred in the collection "Garden of Divine Songs" and explained in other philosophical and poetic works of the Ukrainian artist are highlighted, namely: SIN AND ATONEMENT, GOD (CHRIST, SPIRIT), FREEDOM, HAPPINESS, SALVATION, CROSS and others. Since hermeneutic analysis is connected with the universality of linguistic structures, it seems natural to combine it with conceptual analysis in order to clarify the textual meanings in metaphysical lyrics, which, in fact, is mostly expressed by hidden signs, symbols and authorial hints in the form of intertextual inlays. The artistic interpretation of the text, which is assumed by the hermeneutic analysis, is closely related to the cognitive and evaluative characteristics of both the hidden meanings themselves and the determination of the degree of the "author's presence" in the artistic text. Therefore, the axiological component mutually determines the application of conceptual analysis, and as a result, the definition of the conceptosphere of the sacred in the above-mentioned collection of poems. Special attention is paid to the figure of Hrihory Skovoroda as an extraordinary creative nature and baroque personality who was ahead of his time and remains relevant both by himself and by his creative achievements to this day.


This article presents the design of a baseband processor for software radio, which uses carrier synchronizer and bit detector-synchronizer circuits based on algorithms implemented in hardware, and an inverse tangent circuit based on the CORDIC algorithm. In this case, the functional blocks of the processor can be reconfigured to support multiple modulation formats and signal processing tasks in the digital domain.


At the Queens General Hospital the Kline precipitation test by both diagnostic and exclusion procedures is done routinely. If both procedures give a completely negative result, no other serologic test is considered necessary. Whenever the Kline test shows any degree of positiveness, a Wasserman test is performed. The results of the precipitation and of the complement fixation test do not always agree exactly. This has caused some confusion in the minds of the clinicians. In an attempt to clear up this doubt, a study was conducted to interpret the significance of the serologic tests in terms of clinical syphilis. As Moore 1 recently pointed out, each laboratory must determine the reliability of its own reports if they are to have any value. That serologic tests are of prime importance in the diagnosis of syphilis must be accepted when it is considered how few patients give a history or clinical evidence


Geological modelling of depositional facies and petrophysics is usually performed with a high vertical resolution and a low lateral resolution due to flow simulation constraints. The 3D/4D seismic may bring a high lateral resolution on reservoir characterization. To handle this fine scale information, the geological modelling requires a direct integration of well and seismic information. The lateral fine scale details of some good quality seismic attributes allow to locate small and meaningful reservoir connectivity. The deterministic method of integration, presented here, preserves seismic connectivity into the flow reservoir model. The method also offers a permanent link from seismic/geologic information to dynamic model. As soon as small heterogeneity is properly transferred into the flow model, the great benefit of this method is to reduce the history matching phase and to ensure more predictive dynamic model. In this paper, we illustrate a three step methodology allowing an automatic integration of geologically coherent seismic information within the reservoir model.


The purpose of this review is to demonstrate how the use of qualitative inquiry has advanced competitive anxiety and competition stress research. We first identify the potential reasons for researchers adopting qualitative approaches in the field, and then provide an overview of how these investigations have increased our understanding of performers' experiences of anxiety and stress. Next, we discuss the actual methods used to collect, analyse and present the data. Finally, we describe alternative methods that may be adopted by researchers to advance knowledge and understanding within the area.


Social interest in security has been rising rapidly in recent years. Experiments for enhancing security at major airports in countries around the world have actively been promoted since the 9-11 terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001. Furthermore, the importance of information security has become recognized widely due to the large number of card crimes and personal information leaks that have been occurring with the growth in popularity of the internet. Under such circumstances biometric identification has drawn a lot of attention as a means of definitively identifying individuals because it is difficult to impersonate someone. Of all identification systems, iris recognition has gained strong support from its users as a highly accurate identification method in comparison with other biometric identification systems. We took on the iris recognition technology early on and have been engaged in the development of personal identification systems using the iris since 19961). This time we were able to develop as a commercial product, the IRISPASS®*1)-M (Photo 1), a fully automated image capturing-type iris recognition device with miniaturized dimensions and accelerated processing speeds and an application program interface (API) that controls the system. This paper provides an overview of the system and API, as well as an introduction to their application examples.


This paper discusses online condition monitoring approaches regarding organizational procedures and the application of simplified and logical Health Assessment Procedures on the example of HVAC Gas Insulated Switchgear Partial Discharge Monitoring.


We propose to use benchmark data combined with detailed (n ) analysis to predict the performance o f a parallel Lattice-Boltzmann Method (LBM) for 2D fluid dynamics simulation with solid particles on various configurations of cluster computers. The LBM has super step synchronism, phase concurrent components and noncritical size o f division properties. Our results demonstrate accurate predictions for LBM simulation performance. The CPU benchmark indicates that increased variable data precision does not degrade execution time significantly on Pentium class processors. We show that improved communication and calculation strategies for solid particles yielded better speedup and scalability. A theoretical analysis demonstrates that worst case speedup occurs when all the solid particles saturate a single workspace.


The local government framework in Spain is in urgent need of reform. This process should take place within the wider scope of that of a State composed of self-governing regions, and should include the possibility of municipal mergers and the promotion of local areas of cooperation and collaboration. Provincial councils should take on new responsibilities in the sphere of local-level public administration within each self-governing region. The basis for this reform should be a rethinking of the purpose of the nation-State, with greater emphasis on laying the foundations of over-arching public policies of equality and solidarity.


This article attempts to integrate welding theories and empirical welding relationships with the aid of a diagram. The diagram is a graph of Log H vs Log S. H is the familiar energy absorbed per unit length of weld, and S is the welding traverse speed. Various welding relationships can be readily plotted and comprehended on the new diagram. It enab les one to v isua l ize s i m u l taneously the interrelationship between the various important welding variables and the effects of these var iables on the thermal history, macrostructure, and the properties of the weld.


According to the apparatus and methods taught herein, the decoding circuit and method, the bits of the received data block, based on determining the joint probability for one or more of the relevant subset, linear block decoding the code. The use of joint probability is faster of the received bits allows more 5 reliable determination, that is, for example, joint probability decoding is less decoding iterations than similar decoding process based on a single bit probabilities It requires. By way of non-limiting example, a low density parity check decoding circuit and methods taught herein (Low Density Parity Check: LDPC) provides advantageous operation with a code, different such as those associated with the wireless 0 communications network it can be incorporated into the Do communication system device and. .Field


We read with interest the report of. 1 The fact that the lumbosacral spina bifida was detected by directly visualizing the spine at 13weeks in a low-risk patient shows high quality of scanning in the ultrasound unit reporting. Unfortunately, in most centers, performing 11–13-week screening, open spina bifida (OSB) is not usually detected at this early stage 2,3 but at the second trimester scan where the indirect cranial signs including 'lemon' and 'banana' signs are evident. To improve the detection of OSB in early gestation, we have recently focused our efforts on the demonstration of indirect signs that can be detected at 11–13weeks. We have reported that in fetuses with OSB, there are abnormalities in the posterior brain and these are easily detectable in the same midsagittal view of the head as routinely used in first trimester screening for aneuploidies by measurement of fetal nuchal translucency thickness and assessment of the nasal bone. These abnormalities include obliteration of the fourth ventricle and/or cisterna magna with downward and backward displacements of the posterior brain. In this journal, we recently reported that there is, in addition, an increase in the diameter of the brain stem (BS), a decrease in the distance between the brain stem and occipital bone (BSOB), which contains the fourth ventricle and cisterna magna, and the BS to BSOB ratio is increased to more than 1. Arigita et al. described a case of OSB with an apparently normal fourth ventricle. We agree that, in some cases of OSB, there is some fluid in the fourth ventricle, but this does not correspond to a normal finding; the figure in their article does show that the posterior border of the intracranial translucency is the occipital bone rather than the floating choroid plexus of the fourth ventricle. Careful analysis of their figure confirms our observations that, in OSB, the posterior brain is abnormal: the diameter of the BS is increased, the choroid plexus of the fourth ventricle is not clearly visible, and the cisterna magna is obliterated. Consequently, the BS to BSOB ratio is increased to more than 1. The authors of the article were probably not aware


Two cases of digitalis induced ventricular fibrillation in which the onset of the arrhythmia was recorded electrocardiographically are presented. In the first patient, fibrillation evolved from a rapidly progressing bidirectional ventricular tachycardia. The arrhythmia was due to acetyl strophanthidin administered at five minute intervals, as recommended in 1954. The patient had not been receiving digitalis previously. In the second case, ventricular fibrillation appeared suddenly when a ventricular extrasystole fell in the vulnerable phase of the preceding contraction. This occurred after the intravenous administration of digoxin to a patient with an undiagnosed digitalis induced arrhythmia. Both episodes occurred before the era of transthoracic electric countershock. It seems that in man, as well as in the laboratory animal, there are at least two types of digitalis related ventricular fibrillation. One appears suddenly and responds to electric countershock. The other form of ventricular fibrillation is preceded by a gradual widening of the QRS complexes. The latter cannot be abolished electrically. Aggressive antiarrhythmic drug treatment during the tachycardia stage is probably the treatment of choice.


According to the National Statistical Office's 2019 Population and Housing Survey in August 2020, the number of apartments, including apartments, was about 14 million last year, accounting for 77.2% of all houses, of which 11.287 million were 80.6% of apartments. Based on this change in housing trends, researchers have developed and studied cellular light-weight concrete (CLC) that can be cured at room temperature and normal pressure with advantages such as light weight, insulation, and construction. There have been several studies in Korea, including state-run projects, but they have not been commercialized, but the biggest reason is that stability has not been secured. Therefore, to improve the reliability of CLC that can be cured at normal temperature and pressure, this study attempts to analyze the properties of CLC by incorporating CaO-CSA expansive additive. Based on the drying density of 0.55-0.65 kg/m3, cement, blast furnace slag, animal foaming additive and fiber are utilized to analyze the properties of CLC with CaO-CSA expansive and the results are as follows. By using the CaO-CSA expansive additive, it is determined that the formation of calcium hydroxide and ettringite fills the CLC between the tobermorite layers and the internal structure becomes dense. Currently, based on KS F 2701, the compression strength based on 0.6 items is more than 4.9 MPa, and the strength is about twice as strong as that of the existing CLC, and durability of the CLC are improved by incorporating CaO-CSA expansive additive.


The impact of foreign collaborations or international technology transfers in developing host countries has been a major bone of contention. Literature on this subject has varied views and the role of MNCs in and the sharing of the net benefits between the technology givers and technology takers has been a subject of continuous controversy. The issue has further assumed greater importance with assiduous process of economic liberalisation and globalisation and sets out an agenda for further research on this subtle subject. Considering the nature of tangible assets and the advantages MNCs lend to the host country's industry, it is general refrain that the units operating with foreign technology should reveal better performance than their local counterparts. This study, which is based on the data pertaining to pre-liberalisation period of Indian economy has examined the impact of foreign technology with respect to R&D, foreign trade and industrial competitiveness by using several variables and issues or restrictive clauses put in the foreign collaboration agreements for the Indian automobile industry and has come out with some striking findings that shatters the common perception regarding the likely superior performance of units operating with foreign collaborations and logically underscores the factors behind it and put forward notable policy implication.


A Russian researcher explores the potential use of intermediate-scale air photos in the inventory and mapping of wild berry resources in the forests of northern Russia. More specifically, the focus is on the use of indirect interpretation keys to identify overgrowths of cloudberry (Rubus chamaemorus L.), one of the more commercially important species, on both black-and-white and color photos. The paper also investigates indirect keys that can be used in the interpretation of yields of wild berry plants. Translated by Edward Torrey, Alexandria, VA from: Geografiya i prirodnyye resursy, 1998, No. 3, pp. 96-98.


Liquid drop spreading is effective phenomenon for understanding nature of wetting processes such as pattern development, etching, cleaning, immersion lithography and so on. Liquid spreading can be measured by contact angle measurement. Spreading coefficient c in Neumann model is estimated for each film surface. Results obtained in this experiment indicate that the liquid drops on resist surfaces are more likely to spread compared with those on the inorganic substrates.


Organic solvent or molecule directly interacts with water molecule then it shows a significant change in the stability of such solvent-water system. Polar organic solvent/molecule shows strong hydrogen bonding interaction in aqueous phase whereas nonpolar solvent shows very weak interaction. In organic solvent-water complexes, solvent plays very important role in the stability of such system, sometimes the solvent will interact with water molecule as proton donor or sometimes it will interact as proton acceptor mode. In gas phase, some common organic solvents may interact with water molecule through different ways and we try to investigate the relative stability and actual mode of interaction of such organic solvent(OS)-water complexes by using computational method. Solvent polarity also plays an important role in such organic solvent (OS)-water complexes; therefore, the effect of polarity on the interacting counterpart need to study by changing the dielectric constant of the solvent system and thus it is necessary to analyze the effect of solvent on such OS-water systems. The minute details of electron transfer pathway and donor-acceptor mechanism of such OS-water complexes have been studied by calculating single point energy and Natural Bond Orbital (NBO) analysis using MP4 methods.


The purpose of this project was to construct and build an automatic tool changer (ATC) for a computer numerical control (CNC) milling machine. An ATC reduces machine down-time for tool changes and the need for operator supervision of milling processes. The project was commissioned by the Department of Design Sciences, Faculty of Engineering, Lund University at Ingvar Kamprad Design Centre (IKDC), where the mill is located in the student workshop. The methodology used for this project was a modified version of the product design and development methodology created by Karl Ulrich and Steven Eppinger. Since the project was commissioned for a specific machine and with specific demands mainly elements regarding identification of customer needs were disregarded. The project was successful and the ATC is, at the time of writing this report, being prepared for installation in the machine cabinet. (Less)


Rational choice theory has achieved widespread influence in a number of social science disciplines, most notably economics and political science. Given its prominent position within economics, it is not surprising that rational choice theory (and other rationalist perspectives) dominates theory and research on the corporation and decision-making by corporate actors. By contrast, however, the theory has failed to gain more than a toehold in sociology. Indeed, most sociologists are downright hostile to rational choice theory. When pressed to explain why, those in the discipline are very likely to complain that the perspective is "asociological"; that the theory posits an atomized conception of the individual that does not accord with the "sociological perspective." But when it comes to human sociability, what exactly is the "sociological perspective?" Beyond the rather facile assertion that humans are profoundly "social creatures," sociologists have done little to fashion a distinctive account of what that actually means. After all, lots of species are


JOSÉ ROBERTO FOGAÇA DE ALMEIDA1, GRASIELLE PEREIRA JANNUZZI1, GILBERTO HIDEO KAIHAMI2, SANDRO ROGÉRIO DE ALMEIDA1. 1Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo. 2Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo. Sporotrichosis is a subcutaneous mycosis, caused mainly by fungi Sporothrix schenckii and the new specie Sporothrix brasiliensis, which was responsible for the first outbreak of sporotrichosis in Rio de Janeiro. It was reported, in previous studies that a monoclonal antibody, called P6E7, against a 70 kDa glycoprotein (gp70) reduced the fungal burden in mice infected with low virulent S. schenckii M-64 strain. It was showed lower presence of gp70 in cell wall of S. brasiliensis and higher virulence, being lethal in experimental esporotrichosis. The development of novel therapeutic approaches against sporotrichosis, caused by S. brasiliensis, are needed like vaccination with induction of cell-mediated immunity. Our work characterized the immunogenic peptides of S. brasiliensis. We found, in fungus somatic protein, around 60 proteins in the 2D gel analysis. In the western blot, using P6E7 Mab and the serum of mice infected with S. brasiliensis, 16 spots were selected and excised from the 2D gel and analysed by mass spectrometry. Through the S. brasiliensis database, 34 proteins were identified, which were analysed peptides with a higher degree of engagement with MHC class II. The predictions programs, IEDB Analysis resource and pred Balb/c, were used selecting the peptides with the lower IC50_Smm and IC50_nn in IEDB program and higher than 9,5 in pred Balb/c program. It was selected 8 peptides for synthesis. Lymphoproliferation assay will be done, with the peptides synthesized. The positives lymphoproliferation peptides will be selected to be evaluated in prophylactic and therapeutic treatments models in experimental sporotrichosis. This approach can aid the developing of new treatment for others fungus, like Sporothrix brasiliensis, that increasing incidence of resistance to antifungal drugs and causes severe disease in humans.


Development of chromatographic methods during the century after first announcement of the method by Tswett, at the Warsaw University, on March 21 st, 1903 is reviewed. The influence of chromatography on the progress of natural sciences and the development ofthe chromatographic methods in terms of separation efficiency, detection level, speed of separation, retention mechanisms applied are discussed. Applications in practical analytical and preparative separations in natural and biomedical sciences are illustrated.


Febrile seizures are still very common in children. The incidence of febrile seizures in various developed countries such as the United States and Western Europe reaches 2 - 4% whereas in developing countries the number of sufferers is higher.  Approximately 20% of patients suffer from complex seizures that must be treated more diliti. The incidence of febrile seizures in Indonesia mainly occurs in children aged 6 months to 4 years. Almost 3% of children aged under 5 years have experienced febrile seizures. The type of research used is descriptive research. Descriptive research is a study that aims to describe (describe) urgent events that occur in the present. Variable in this research is mother knowledge about initial management of febrile seizures. In this study, the sample is a mother who has children diagnosed with febrile seizures as many as 34 respondents This study was conducted in Poly Anak Bhayangkara Hospital Surabaya. The study was conducted on 18 February - 5 March 2013. The instrument used was kuesiner. Instrument has been done Test validity and reliability by using Pearson Product Moment formula and reliability test by using Cronbach Alfa in SPSS program. The result of research from the age factor that more than 50% of  respondents aged 20-30 years are 21 respondents (61,8%), while the result of research of education factor can know that most of respondent of SMA education is 14 responden (41,2%), from work factors that more than 50% of respondents did not work ie 20 respondents (58.8%), from the information factor that most respondents have been informed about the initial management of febrile seizure is 26 respondents (76.5%), from information sources can it is known that most respondents get information from Radio / TV respondents (26.5%), from the knowledge factor can be seen that most respondents have good  knowledge that is 16 respondents (47%), knowledge known that most respondents have good knowledge that is 16 respondents (47%). Knowledge is the result of knowing and this happens after people do sensing a particular object. So Knowledge of respondents about febrile seizures obtained respondents after doing a lot of reviews both from information sources (newspapers, magazines, television, health workers, and others) as well as from the personal experience of respondents. It can be concluded that the knowledge of mother about the initial management of febrile seizures in Poly AnakBhayangkara Surabaya Hospital on February 18th - March 5th 2011 most of the respondents have good knowledge that is 16 respondents (47%). Keywords: Knowledge, febrile seizures


In this paper, direction normalization and CNN deep learning are used to develop a more reliable license plate recognition system. The existing license plate recognition system consists of three main modules: license plate detection module, character segmentation module, and character recognition module. The proposed system minimizes recognition error by adding a direction normalization module when a detected license plate is inclined. Experimental results show the superiority of the proposed method in comparison to the previous system.


This paper discussing the relation between Shen Congwens works and water believes that the character of water, which is meek but pounds anything stronger than it,is seen in Shen's personality.Besides it points out because Shen's works are mostly about the life on the river or beside the water, so the feelings shown in them are something just like tiny streams going on and on,which constitutes a writing style peculiar to Shen Congwen.


And the processing to be executed each RFID tag with the task to provide a technique that can be executed by recognizing the RFID system. In the RFID tag (10) RFID system 1 having the detection to a for detection, and a control unit for executing the control according to the RFID tag, the determination means, for storing the first region and command information to store the ID information first it determines whether or not to need to access the second area of an RFID tag having a storage area including a second area. Extraction means, when it is determined to access the second area and extracts command information from the second area. Executing means executes a process corresponding to the command information extracted by the extraction means.


The present paper deals with studying the effect of electrical discharge machining (EDM) and shot blast peening parameters on work piece fatigue lives using copper and graphite electrodes. Response surface methodology (RSM) and the design of experiment (DOE) were used to plan and design the experimental work matrices for two EDM groups of experiments using kerosene dielectric alone, while the second was treated by the shot blast peening processes after EDM machining. To verify the experimental results, the analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to predict the EDM models for high carbon high chromium AISI D2 die steel. The work piece fatigue lives in terms of safety factors after EDM models were developed by FEM using ANSYS 15.0 software. The results appeared that the experimental fatigue safety factors (at 106 cycles) decreased by (11 %) after EDM using copper electrodes compared with as-received material and this value is higher by (3.35 %) when using graphite electrodes. The fatigue strength at the same number of cycles was (0.88) and (0.84) times the fatigue strength of as-received material for copper and graphite electrodes respectively. While fatigue strength and safety factors increased after EDM when increasing shot peening time, at the higher shot peening time is by (19.1 %) when using copper electrodes and by (23.26 %) when using graphite electrodes.


Purpose: This paper examined e-tourism and digital marketing focusing on the opportunities and challenges in Africa using the social media marketing in relation to international tourist influxes, with particular reference to Nigeria. The study is stimulated by the increase of tourist's influxes and digital statistics specifically in the advancement of technological age. Design/Methodology/Approach: Theoretical framework of the study was reviewed through literature review and web base method for data collection using the content analysis with particular reference to opportunities and challenges. through combining the theoretical framework and content analysis


In line with the naturally integrated broad-based mixed farming system of Bangladesh, this paper suggests an agricultural economics education as an integral component of a common agricultural education at the undergraduate level with specialization only at the Masters and Ph.D. levels. For the fundamental necessity of educating millions of farmers, the paper empasizes the need for common and broad education for their trainers in social sciences and humanities over the strong foundation of agricultural sciences (physical and biological).. This is considered indispensible in developing a common identity among students, compete successfully for all agricultural jobs and implement various action programmes without the necessity of inter-faculty or inter-departmental rivalries. Some specific benefits of common curricula are also indicated. After discussing the structural composition of the Agricultural University, objectives of agricultural economics education and nature of student population, the paper suggests some addition of relevant educational content and methods for possible improvement. Finally, it suggests to linking resident teaching with research and extension through establishing testing socioeconomic and technological laboratories both on-campus and in the adjoining Upazillas under its operational control.


The postmodern child, Chris Jenks the politics of children's rights, Jeremy Roche strategies and structures - towards a new perspective on children's experiences of family life, Allison James and Alan Prout the challenge in child research - from "being" to "doing", Anne Solberg demographic change and the family situation of children, Lynda Clarke children's constructions of family and kinship, Margaret O'Brien, Pam Alldred and Deborah Jones "helping out" - children's labour participation in Chinese take-away businesses in Britain, Miri Song discourses of adolescence - young people's independence and autonomy within families, Julia Brannen conceptualising parenting from the standpoint of children - relationship and transition in the life course, Pat Allatt the economic circumstances of children in ten countries, Steven Kennedy, Peter Whiteford and Jonathan Bradshaw "family", state and social policy for children in Greece, Theodoros Papadopoulos the crumbling bridges between childhood and adulthood, Hilary Land teenage pregnancy - do social policies make a difference?, Peter Selman and Caroline Glendinning.


In the same growth phase, stand value increases with an increase in forest density.When the density reaches a certain level the stand value reaches its highest level,a consequent increase in the density will cause a decrease in stand value.We can use a secondary effect model to show this type of density vs stand value.We can use the secondary effect model as a basis to determine stand value.We use a successive state dynamic programming method to establish a forest management density model.In accordance with artificial forest stand growth law,it can be extended to the application of stand density control and management.


Decomposition of diazomethane over zeolite ZSM-5 gives ethene and propane as the major products; this supports the existence of carbenoid intermediates proposed in methanol conversion into ethene and higher hydrocarbons over this catalyst.


The present invention relates to a power control device which is applied to an energy harvesting system. The power control device comprises: a self-start unit including a voltage multiplier circuit and an oscillation circuit to generate a start voltage to start a power management device in a first start section based on an input voltage applied to an input node from an external thermoelectric element; a boost converter unit to alternately charge the start voltage and an output voltage applied to a load during a second start section connected to the first start section within a preset start voltage range, and charge only the output voltage during an operating section connected to the second start section; a control unit which is started by the start voltage, and controls drive of the self-start unit and drive of the boost converter unit based on a level of the start voltage; a voltage charging unit including a start voltage capacitor to store the start voltage and an output voltage capacitor to store the output voltage; and a common inductor which is connected between the input node and a common input node of the oscillation circuit and the boost converter unit, operates as a part of the oscillation circuit during the first start section, and operates as a part of the boost converter unit during the second start section and the operating section.


It is shown that the mean temperature obtained for a section of a heat exchanger varies with the technique of measurement. Because of axial heat flow, neither a mixing box, nor temperature and velocity probes in a turbulent fluid, will give the energy mean temperature of the moving fluid. For long, thin-walled, uniformly heated tubes, the inherent discrepancy due to the use of a mixing-box mean temperature is negligible if RePr > 30. The tube and apparatus, however, may have an axial conductivity many times that of the fluid, and it is shown that some of the experimental data for liquid metals may have been influenced by this axial heat-flow discrepancy.


Objective To study the expression of leukemia-related protein 16 (LRP16) in human pituitary prolactin adenomas (PRL adenomas), and the relationship between LRP16 and estrogen receptor α (ERα). Methods From October 2009 to September 2014, thirty-one adult patients diagnosed and pathologically confirmed as pituitary prolactin (PRL) adenomas (observation group) and 22 pituitary non-PRL adenomas (control group) in the Chinese PLA General Hospital were verified by the pathological examination. Immunohistochemical method was used to detect the expression levels of LRP16, PRL and ERα. Results Of the patients in observation group, those aged under 30 were predominantly females, while male patients were more common in those aged over 30. LRP16 positively existed in 26 cases (83.9%, 26/31), and ERα was positive in 28 cases (90.3%, 28/31), the both ratios were significantly higher than those in control group. ERα and LRP16 increased synchronously both in expressive content and intensity, showing a certain positive correlation between them. Conclusions Higher body mass index may be a high-risk factor badly affected the occurrence, development and prognosis in male patients with pituitary PRL; LRP16 may take part in the proliferation and formation of pituitary PRL adenomas through ERα.

 DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2017.07.05


After an introduction to the background of mesoscopic physics we describe new developments in quantum mechanical effects of mesoscopic circuits.


The implementation of accrual basis accounting in the government sectoris based on the consideration that it can provide more complete information, provide information in government operations, the evaluation of efficiency and effectiveness and adherence to the regulations. This study aimed to analyze the effect of the competency of human resources (HR), information technology on the implementation of accrual accounting with motivation as a moderating variable. This research was conducted in all accounting entities religious ministry in Bali. The number respondents are 98 staff of financial framers, using a saturated sampling technique. The data used is primary data using questionnaires from some previous studies modified by the researcher. Moderated regression analysis with interaction test was used to analyze the data.The test results of hipothesis indicate that competency of human resources has no influence on the implementation of accrual accounting, but information technology gives a positive influenceon the implementation of accrual accounting. The effect of human resource competencies on the implementation of accrual accounting is strengthened by motivation, but motivation it self does not strengthen the influence of Information technology on the implementation of accrual accounting
Key words: human resource's competencies, information technology, motivation, the implementation of accrual accounting.


UNLABELLED
The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic information of soluble carbonic anhydrase (CA) IX expression in renal cell carcinoma (RCC).

PATIENTS AND METHODS
Serum CA IX was analysed in 361 patients. Tumour type, TNM stage, nuclear grade, and RCC-specific survival were assessed. Serum and immunohistochemical expression were compared.

RESULTS
Median serum CA IX expression was 141 (range 2-4, 181) pg/ml. Levels were significantly higher in 287 patients with clear cell, compared to 40 papillary (p<0.001) and 22 oncocytoma (p=0.002), but not to 12 chromophobe RCC (p=0.35). Serum CA IX in clear cell RCC was positively correlated to TNM stage (p=0.002). There was a positive trend between serum and immunohistochemical CA IX expression. In a multivariate analysis of clear cell RCC, TNM stage and nuclear grade were independent prognostic factors.

CONCLUSION
Serum CA IX was higher in clear cell RCC compared to other RCC types. In clear cell RCC, serum CA IX correlated to TNM stage, but not survival.


Background: Hepatocellular damage caused by physical activity or the use of supplements is one of the serious problems facing athletes in various fields. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different doses of nitric oxide supplements on AST and ALT liver enzymes and the ratio of AST to ALT following a session of eccentric exercise in Sprague Dawley male rats.
Materials and Methods: In this study, 36 Sprague Dawley male rats (two months old) were divided into three groups of control, low dose (4.8 mg/kg body weight), and high dose of NO supplements (15.4 mg/kg body weight). Supplements were given to rats for seven days. Subsequently, all three groups of rats were forced to run on a treadmill for 45 min with a speed of 20 m/min, and a slope of -15 degrees. Blood samples were taken directly from cardiac puncture of rats 24 h after the running exercise. Blood serum variables of the study were measured afterward.
Results: Low dose of nitrate supplements did not change AST and ALT indices, while the high dose of nitrate supplements increased ALT serum level and decreased AST to ALT ratio, compared to a low dose of NO supplements and control group.
Conclusion: Based on the obtained results, the consumption of a low dose of NO supplements does not change hepatocellular damage markers, while the high dose of NO supplements causes degeneration of hepatic cells in athletes.


Background: Dental caries is a major problem in oral cavity. If dental caries causes cavity, the structure of dental hard tissue will not be reversible because of damage in the structure of the hard tissue. The early pathogenesis mechanism of dental caries is an adhesion interaction between cariogenic Streptococcus mutans microorganisms and tooth surface pellicles. The attachment involves a specific molecular component interaction between the bacterial complement molecules and the surface of the host. Streptococcus sanguis as a dominant ecology at the beginning of bacterial plaque aggregation will colonize the tooth surface earlier than S. mutans. The surface of bacterial cells can express some adesin. The bacteria also can express receptors for adhesins of other bacteria. Specific receptors for adhesions of S. Mutans bacteria are not only found in the pellicles, but also present in pioneer bacteria, such as S. sanguis. Adhesion between those bacteria is called as coagregation. Purpose: This study aimed to analyze the characterization of Streptococcus sanguis molecular receptors for Streptococcus mutans binding molecules. Method: This study used a sonication method for protein isolation of S. mutans and S. sanguis bacterial biofilms, as well as electrophoresis method using 12 % SDS-PAGE gel and Western Blot analysis. Result: Results of the protein profile analysis of S. mutans biofilms using 12% SDS-PAGE showed that there were 17 bands, each of which molecular weights was 212, 140, 81, 65, 61, 48, 45, 44, 40, 39, 33 , 25, 23, 19, 17, 12, and 11 kDa. On the other hand, results of the protein profile analysis of S. sanguis biofilms using 12% SDS-PAGE showed that there were 15 bands, each of which molecular weight was 130, 85, 65, 61, 48, 46, 40, 37, 29, 25, 23, 21, 17, 15, and 12 kDa. And, results of the analysis of S. sanguis receptor molecules using Western blot showed that there were three bands, each of which molecular weight was 130, 85, and 40 kDa. Conclusion: S. sanguis bacteria have specific receptor molecules for S. mutans bacteria with the molecular weight of 130, 85, and 40 kDa.


The plane of symmetry of a high speed circular jet was surveyed to measure the mean and turbulent velocity fields by using constant temperature hot wire anemometry. The intensity of the noise radiated from the jet was determined in the tunnel test section by utilizing the cross-correlation at a particular time delay between the signals of two microphones suitably located along a given direction. Experimental results indicate that the turbulent intensity inside the crossflow jet increases by a factor of (1 + 1/2) as compared to the turbulent intensity of the same jet under free conditions, with r indicating the ratio of the jet velocity by the cross stream velocity. The peak observed in the turbulence spectra obtained inside the potential core of the jet has a frequency that increases by the same factor with respect to the corresponding frequency measured in the case of the free jet. The noise radiated by the jet becomes more intense as the crossflow velocity increases. The measured acoustic intensity of the crossflow jet is higher than the value which would be expected from the increase of the turbulent intensity only.


Urinary tract infection (UTI)is a commonly encountered disease during routine clinical care. In the mean time, it is also a commonly encountered hospital acquired infection. UTI possesses various clinical symptoms, and usually the symptoms are atypical. The detection of leukocyturia and bacteriuria is an essential index for screening and confirmatory diagnosis of UTI. This article summarized the pathogenesis of UTI, diagnostic criteria, clinical significance and application evaluation of detection of the WBC and bacteria in urine.

Key words:
Urinary tract infections; Urinalysis; Chemistry,analytical; Microscopy


This paper implements a domain integral energy method for modelling crack growth in composite material shell structures using the finite element method. Volume integral expressions to evaluate the dynamic energy release rate in a through‐thickness three‐dimensional crack are derived. Using the domain integral, the energy release rate computation is implemented in the DYNA3D explicit non‐linear dynamic finite element analysis program wherein crack propagation is modelled by releasing the constraints between initially constrained node pairs. The implementation enables the program to either determine the energy resistance response for the material (provided experimental data is available) or predict the rate of crack propagation in shell structures. The numerical implementation was verified by simulating mode I and mode III slow crack growth problems in semi‐infinite transversely isotropic media, for which analytic solutions are available. Oscillations of energy following the release of nodal constraints as the crack propagates in discrete increments were suppressed using light mass proportional damping and a moving averaging scheme. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Now TPL is developed more and more grand gradually in China. This article analyzed the background, the present condition and prospect of TPL, and pointed out some existent questions and some development advices.


The "sempre-vivas" are plants known as "everlasting flowers" because they have inflorescences that retain the appearance of living structures even after being harvested and dried. Given their ornamental potential, some species are widely exploited commercially, and their production occurs almost exclusively through extractivism. However, data on their pollination, reproduction, and germination are limited. Extractivism is an activity of great importance for the residents of the Espinhaço Meridional municipalities, and research is essential for establishing plans and proposals for the management of these native species. Given this scenario, we studied the pollinators and the importance of cross- and autogamy for reproductive success of Janeirona carrasqueira (morphotype of Comanthera bisulcata (Körn) L.R. Parra & Giul), commercially collected in Diamantina, Minas Gerais. We also evaluated germination and the influence of the exogenous application of gibberellin (GA3) on seeds. Pollinators were observed during the flowering period in beds cultivated with this species in the native Campo Rupestre area of Diamantina, Minas Gerais. The inflorescences of the species were collected from two different environments: one isolated from pollinating insects (inside the greenhouse), and the other open in the presence of pollinators. The seeds were removed from the flower heads and subjected to exogenous application of gibberellin (0–control and 500 ppm). The flowers showed a generalist pollination strategy, including visitors who collected pollen and nectar as well as those who exclusively collected nectar. For germination, the most influential factor was cross-pollination and not gibberellin application. We conclude that the pollination system represents a determining mechanism and is a very important factor to be considered in management plans aimed at species conservation. Highlights – Comanthera bisulcata employs a generalist pollination strategy. – The pollination system is a crucial mechanism for germination. – Cross-pollination is more important than gibberellin application – Reproduction is a crucial aspect to be taken into account in the management plans of the species.


To the Editor:

The contention by Schmid and colleagues1 that gait velocity, measured over 10 months, is sufficient as a single measure of community ambulation is not supported by the results of their study. Rather, their data supports earlier research showing that gait speed predicts functional mobility and social participation,2,3 and …


The adoption of reform and opening-up policy brought about the rapid development of inbound tourism in China.However,foreign markets accounted for less than 20% of Chinese inbound tourism markets for a long time.It was an urgent task to expand foreign market in China.The three top gateways,Beijing,Shanghai and Guangzhou,played an important role in China inbound tourism development.Taking foreign markets entering China from Beijing,Shanghai and Guangzhou as the object.this paper obtained the data through questionnaire surveys,and compared foreign market characteristics among Beijing,Shanghai and Guangzhou.Then taking them as a whole,this paper compared it with the national foreign market.The results showed: ①The foreign markets entering from Beijing,Shanghai and Guangzhou had the own characteristics,but consistency in the age structure,occupational structure and educational structure.②The foreign markets entering from three gateways had the different spatial distribution and transfer capacity.③Foreign market characteristics of the three gateways had the controlling role to the national foreign market characteristics.


Abstract: Social networks have become a part of human life. online interaction, communication, and interest sharing, letting individuals create online profiles that other users can view these are basic features that are offer by most of social networking sites Unfortunately, In many cases, users are not even aware of the disclosure of their personal information through their profiles. Leakage of a user's private information can happen in different ways. Many of the security risks associated with using social media are presented in this paper. Also, the issue of privacy and how it relates to security are described. Based on these discussions, some key points are provided to improve a user's privacy and security on social networks. Our inquest will help the readers to understand the security and privacy issues for the social network users, and this research will help the user. Keywords: OSN; security; classic privacy threats; modern threat.


Currently, the underworld-nature crimes are rather prominent in our China, thus we should focus on defining them and drawing on the relevant experiences and lessons from abroad, meanwhile, we should strengthen those aspects such as the criminal legislation, construction of long-termed mechanism, construction of politics and law forces, the international and regional co-operation, and how to fully make use of the power of the people, so as to prevent the development of underworld-nature crimes. What's more, basically, we should eliminate the social "soil" for the occurrence and existence of underworld-nature organizations further to improve the precaution for the re-occurrence of such kind of crimes.


Software industry is one of the most pervasive industries today and has a great impact on our day-to-day lives. At the same time, the quality of software systems is directly related to the quality of software engineers -- it is the responsibility of software engineering educators to provide students with relevant skills needed for the development of high-quality software systems. Amongst the cornerstones of developing high-quality software systems are industry-relevant experience and the ability to quantify certain aspects of the software development process. In this paper, we describe our experience of performing an empirical study on students, during a software engineering course, on an industry-relevant topic taught by an industry expert -- the understandability of models in model-driven engineering.


About building beijing opera theory,it was important where Beijing opera had come from.However,Until now,the consensus among Beijing opera historians is not reached yet.On this issue,Qi Ru-shan had brought forward his unique views.He thought that Xipi and Erhuang came from Hanzhong area of south Shanxi,and Xipi and Erhuang would play together in Shanxi' Piying firstly.Qi Ru-shan's viewpoint came from two causes: one was the on-site investigations;the other was comparing Shanxi'piying and early Beijing opera about these performance style and stage characteristics.Qi Ru-shan's viewpoints are not given fair concern till now.


The invention provides a spectrum analysis method of a seismic signal and an apparatus thereof. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring the seismic signal; carrying out Hilbert transformation operation on the seismic signal to obtain an analytic signal of the seismic signal; carrying out WVD processing on the analytic signal; according to a result of the WVD processing, determining a Gauss window function and an attenuation coefficient; according to the determined Gauss window function and the attenuation coefficient, carrying out smooth pseudo-WVD distribution time frequency analysis processing on the result of the WVD processing. Through the method and the apparatus in the invention, a high time frequency resolution of seismic signal spectrum analysis can be obtained.


Abstract The authors developed a system for simulating climate variation by constraining the ocean component of a coupled atmosphere–ocean general circulation model (CGCM) through ocean data assimilation and conducted a climate simulation [Multivariate Ocean Variational Estimation System–Coupled Version Reanalysis (MOVE-C RA)]. The monthly variation of sea surface temperature (SST) is reasonably recovered in MOVE-C RA. Furthermore, MOVE-C RA has improved precipitation fields over the Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project (AMIP) run (a simulation of the atmosphere model forced by observed daily SST) and the CGCM free simulation run. In particular, precipitation in the Philippine Sea in summer is improved over the AMIP run. This improvement is assumed to stem from the reproduction of the interaction between SST and precipitation, indicated by the lag of the precipitation change behind SST. Enhanced (suppressed) convection tends to induce an SST drop (rise) because of cloud cover and ocean mixing in the ...


This book presents a collection of exercises on dynamical systems, modelling and control. Each topic covered includes a summary of the theoretical background, problems with solutions, and further exercises. Topics covered include: block diagram algebra and system transfer functions; mathematical models; analysis of continuous systems in the time domain; root locus analysis; frequency domain analysis; PID controller synthesis; state space analysis of continuous systems; controller synthesis by pole placement; discrete time systems and the z transform; analysis of non-linear systems with the describing function method; analysis of nonlinear systems with the phase plane method; and fractional order systems and controllers. Based on tried-and-tested problems and solutions that the authors use in teaching over 500 students each year, this book is essential reading for advanced students with courses in modelling and control in engineering, applied mathematics, biomathematics and physics.


This information technology has been progressing very very rapidly, and
developments more or less positive impact. One of them in facilitating
information which is interesting and not boring to be understood, in this
business environment can also be used as the application of information
technology. Like making ON-LINE RESERVATION site on a computer parts
store which contains information on products and ordering from the store own
products and introducing a proficiency level in these stores to the expansion of
businesses, particularly SMEs (Small and Medium Enterprises). Therefore, the
purpose of making this site is expected to facilitate the businessmen and buyers
to conduct business transactions through the information provided product
information, as well as introducing an XML database as a dynamic database.


Stanley Cavell. Pursuits of Happiness: The Hollywood Comedy of Remarriage. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard Universtiy Press, 1981.283 pp. William Luhr. Raymond Chandler and Film. New York: Frederick Ungar Publishing Company, 1982. 208 pp. Gerald Mast. Howard Hawks: Storyteller. New York: Oxford University Press, 1982.406 pp. Perhaps the most provocative section in Stanley Cavell's Pursuits of Happiness turns around the question of "reading in" or "over-reading a text," terms often employed to invalidate the writings of Cavell and his colleague William Rothman. Cavell, who is Walter M. Cabot Professor of Aesthetics and the General Theory of Value at Harvard University, writes: "In my experience people worried about reading in, or overinterpretation, or going too far, are, or were typically afraid of getting started.... My experience is that most texts, like most lives, are underread, not overread....Reading in, therefore, going too far, is a risk inherent in the business of reading and venial in comparison with ...


THE main goal of agricultural policies of developed countries is to alleviate poverty on farms. The programs usually considered by governments to achieve this goal are (a) price-support, which can be described as shifting the demand for farm output outward; (b) acreage control; (c) subsidizing inputs; and (d) production controls. In order to examine the effectiveness of these aid programs, a model of the farm labor market is constructed.' Available econometric estimates for the United States are utilized by the model.


Abstract In Costa Rica, as in other countries, vulnerability and marginalization experienced by small-scale artisanal fishermen, fisherwomen, and mollusk collectors are the result of the absence of a human rights‐based approach to marine conservation and development
 in the coastal areas. Usually non-formality, absence of tenure and access rights, bad health services, and low education compared to other productive sectors are part of what fisherfolks experience. This commentary shares how working in a long-term and integral way with these communities and
 incorporating a human rights‐based approach strengthens the contributions that the sector provides toward the sustainable use of the fishing resource of their marine territories with dignity, equity, and justice, especially in the context of SDG 14, the Ocean Decade, and 2022 as the
 International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture. Born during the COVID pandemic, the initiative of a fair and equitable Sea Market for the fishing products of these small-scale communities supported by CoopeSoliDar RL 1 and the Marine Responsible Fishing areas and marine
 territories of life network in Costa Rica is today a concrete example of how a fair and just market can contribute positively to the objectives of sustainable development and the fundamental elements contained in the Convention on Biological Diversity, preservation of the natural environment,
 sustainable use, and fair and equitable distribution of benefits.