We model how firms releasing information on different dates causes the CAPM to fail, requiring an additional factor based on the information structure to price assets. We exemplify this mechanism's empirical relevance using quarterly earnings announcements, which cluster across months along size and book-to-market. Seventy percent of the alpha reduction from including SMB and HML occurs in the four main earnings announcement months. The information structure factor accounts for all of SMB and HML's seasonal alpha reduction and one third of their overall alpha reduction. Controlling for size and book-to-market, exposures to SMB and HML vary with firms' earnings announcement month.


REPORTING POTENTIAL BIAS: NEUROLOGY'S EVOLVING POLICIES To the Editor: I applaud the editors of Neurology for their continued outstanding work toward improving transparency and simplifying the increasingly unwieldy list of disclosures.1 There is one step of the prepublication process that still lacks the necessary disclosures and may have a significant impact on what data are presented, how the manuscript may be interpreted and worded, and what is published. The peer review process has long been used to help editors determine whether a manuscript should be published. Although there are disclosure policies for authors, peer reviewers are not required to disclose potential conflicts of interest, financial or otherwise. The peer review process should remain anonymous to maintain the freedom to be honest about the works submitted, but journals such as Neurology should consider taking measures to ensure that bias in the peer review process is also minimized.


In this paper, we investigated a convenient shape transformation of gold nanoparticles to nanodisks by UV irradiation in chloroform with the aid of protective agents carrying a triphenylene moiety, which absorbs UV energy and plays a role as a mask in directing the deposition of gold atoms at aspecific position.


SUMMARY Background: Delayed gastric emptying and upper gas-trointestinal symptoms occur frequently in patients withdiabetes mellitus.Aim: To evaluate the effects of fedotozine on gastricemptying and gastrointestinal symptoms in diabeticgastroparesis.Methods: Thirty-one diabetic patients (20 type 1, 11type 2) with gastroparesis were randomized to receivefedotozine (30 mg as the tartrate) or placebo t.d.s.Measurements of gastric emptying (100 g ground beeflabelled with 20 MBq 99m Tc-sulphur colloid chickenliver and 150 mL 10% dextrose labelled with 10 MBq 113m In-DTPA) and gastrointestinal symptoms wereperformed before and after 12–16 days of treatment.Data are the mean ‰ s.d.Results: Of the 31 patients enrolled, two were excludedfrom analysis. Data from the remaining 29 patients (18type 1, 11 type 2; 22 female, seven male), aged42.7 ‰ 11.1 years (of whom 14 were randomized tofedotozine and 15 to placebo), were analysed. Fedoto-zine had no effect on either gastric emptying (solidretention at 100 min; fedotozine: baseline, 84 ‰ 15%;treatment, 73 ‰ 23% vs. placebo: baseline, 83 ‰ 10%;treatment, 70 ‰ 20%) or liquid 50% emptying time(fedotozine: baseline, 59 ‰ 32 min; treatment, 58 ‰38 min vs. placebo: baseline, 44 ‰ 9 min; treatment,43 ‰ 21 min) or gastrointestinal symptoms (fedotozine:baseline, 4.4 ‰ 2.9; treatment, 4.1 ‰ 3.9 vs. placebo:baseline, 4.9 ‰ 4.2; treatment, 4.8 ‰ 3.9).Conclusions: Fedotozine has no effect on gastric empty-ing in patients with diabetic gastroparesis.


Most of spinal diseases can be visualized by the IR thermography. Spinal cord tumors are arising from nervous tissues or non-nervous tissues. The aim of present study was to find out the usefulness of thermography in the spinal cord tumor. We analyzed 137 spinal cord tumor patients. Thermography (+) was defined as local hyperthermia, radiculopathy, and myelopathy type. The thermography (+) correlation with disease was 67.8%, 28.8% with local pain, 81.1% with radiculopathy. Myelopathy (+) thermography was 71.9% in cervical level, 61.5 % in thoracic, 75.6% with para(quadri)paresis and 100% with Brown-Sequard syndrome. For the extradural or intradural extramedullary tumors, thermography represented the thermatomal demarcation taking place in the dermatome and below well for myelopathy patients. In the intramedullary tumors, thermography frequently showed negative findings. Thermatomal hypothermia is a useful landmark for the differential diagnosis of schwannoma and meningioma or cauda equina and conus medullaris tumor also. Conclusion: In the spinal cord tumor cases, thermography reveals various neurologic symptoms depending on the location, size, and pathology. Thermography can be a useful tool in recognizing the symptom and in the differential diagnosis of tumors and it represents neurologic symptoms well.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18073/2358-4696/pajmt.v1n1p55-67


In this paper the author talks about the development background,situation ,features,technology and the construction of the basic system of the colleges' E-Learning and the existing problems as well. The authou introduces his views on the development countermeasures.


Ology Press Citation: Bhandari MP. The climate change induced problems in South Asia, a case study of Bangladesh, India, Nepal, and Pakistan. Adv Agr Environ Sci. (2018);1(1): 52-54. DOI: 10.30881/aaeoa.00009 Introduction Recognizing the severity of the impact of global climate change, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) in1 drew attention to the issue of vulnerability, which it defined as "the degree to which a system is susceptible to, and unable to cope with, adverse effects of climate change, including the variability and extremes...[it] is a function of the character, magnitude and rate of climate change variation to which a system is exposed, its sensitivity and its adaptive capacity".2


Let $W$ be a simply connected infinitely many sheeted open Riemann sulface, whose singularities are all logarithmic and lie only on a finite number of base-points $x_{1},x_{2},\ldots,x_{n}(n\geqq 3)$ , and $W^{\infty}$ be its universal covering surface. Let $x=m(\sim r)$ be the function which maps Pt" one-to one andtconformally on the unit-circle $|z|<1$ . The properties of the function $m(z)$ are well known. Let $x=\varphi(w)$ be the function which maps $W$ one-to-one and conformally on the finite plane $ w\grave{\tau}\infty$ or the unit-circle $|\ovalbox{\tt\small REJECT} zv|<1$ according as


—Six new species and one new subspecies of the genus Neostrengeria Pretzmann, 1965, are described:  . aspera, N. gilberti, N. lobulata, N. macarenae, N. tencalanensis, N. tonensis and  . libradensis appressa. With the addition of the new species, the endemic genus Neostrengeria now comprises 18 species distributed on the western and the eastern slopes of the Eastern Cordillera of the Andes of Colombia, at altitudes ranging from 400 to 3000 m above sea level. The genus Neostrengeria Pretzmann, 1965, comprises a group of small pseudothelphusid crabs inhabiting mountain streams in the Eastern Cordillera of Colombia. The systematics of the genus were established by Rodriguez (1982) and its geographical distribution has been discussed by Campos & Rodriguez (1985). Examination of material collected during a recent survey along the Eastern Cordillera revealed the presence of six new species and one new subspecies within the previously known distribution of the genus. This material is deposited at the Museo de Historia Natural, Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogota (ICNMHN). The abbreviations cb. and cl. are used for carapace breadth and carapace length, respectively. Family Pseudothelphusidae Rathbun, 1893 Tribe Hypolobocerini Pretzmann, 1971 Genus Neostrengeria Pretzmann, 1965 Neostrengeria aspera, new species


Based on the compound La2Mo1.7W0.3O9,new oxygen ion-conductor La1.84R0.16Mo1.7W0.3O8.92(R=Ca2+,Sr2+,Ba2+) was prepared by sol-gel method.The structure and conductivity of samples were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction(XRD),differential thermal analysis(TG/DTA),Raman and Impedance spectroscopy.La1.84R0.16Mo1.7W0.3O8.92 shows the β phase at room temperature and better conductivity than La2Mo1.7W0.3O9.Additional oxygen vacancies are introduced into La2Mo1.7W0.3O9 lattice by substitution,and then the oxygen ionic conductivity increased.At 773K,the conductivity of La1.84Ba0.16Mo1.7W0.3O8.92 is 1.09×10-4S/cm,higher than the conductivity of La2Mo1.7W0.3O9 5×10-5S/cm.


This article describes a study on accessibility in the Portable Document Format. This type of file is increasingly used on the Web. In order to make the format universally accessible, it is suggested to apply the standards defined by the World Wide Web Consortium in the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 2.0. However, not all PDF documents are accessible. In this research, the accessibility of PDF files was evaluated when applying the PDF Techniques based on WCAG 2.0. As a case study, it was applied to the universities in Latin America with the highest academic prestige according to the classification of Webometrics. The evaluation of the documents found that, in general, universities have not been concerned with providing accessible documents. In this research, we study the problems encountered in documents and the solutions to generate more accessible and inclusive documents.


The field entropic squeezing properties of the two-photon Jaynes-Cummings model by superposition states are studied.It is shown that the superposition coefficient has great effects on the field entropy squeezing.


METAPHORICAL REASONING OF SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE One of the central problems that affect students at any level is the defi cient grasp of scientifi c language. Aiming at fi nding a means to solve this problem, a research was conducted in order to determine if collo- quial-traditional language, particularly the metaphor, could be a bridge for bringing students closer to the current scientifi c concepts. A metaphorical matrix structure arisen from emphasizing aspects of a fl uid (SUBSTANCE) coming into different containers (OBJECT) was used in order to explain and try to make them understand the analysis of the scientifi c concept: the concept of 'heat', from the physics point of view. The categories or proportionate dimensions by this matrix were equivalent to those used by Physics for studying different phenomena, although these ones are considered a concrete substance (e.g. the concept of Caloric Fluid), or as an abstract substance, an entity, or a magnitude (e.g. the concept of Energy).


In this paper an attempt to reveal the different systems of raw material procurement and supply in the territory of Northern and Eastern Thrace and South Marmara region have been done and the results are presented further down. (Map 1) Northern Thrace - systems of raw material procurement and supply ‐ VII mill BC In the territory of Northern Thrace a well defined system based on acquiring with high quality flint raw material had functioning. The former was connected with white - painted and dark-polished pottery phases in this area during the first half of VII mill BC. In Northern Thrace the appearance of very high quality flint in all Early Neolithic assemblages could be established. The flint is yellow, yellow-reddish to brown and grayish in colour, opaque, with patterns of stripes or spots of varying density. (Hiller S., Nikolov V., 2000) This type of raw material is registries in shape of relatively big blades in all sites chronologically relating to the first half of VII mill in Northern Thrace. Up to now flint cores from the above-mentioned high quality yellow, yellow-reddish raw material have not been found in all Early Neolithic settlements of Bulgarian Thrace. This fact suggested that the core preparation and exploitation was done off the settlements and very likely somewhere more or less close to the places of flint provenance. This way could be explained the fact that in all Early Neolithic flint chipped stone


Controversies over the role of banks in industrial finance have concentrated on aggregate lending and barely encompassed any investigation of how individual firms fared as loan applicants. This study begins to remedy this deficiency by examining the overdraft books of the Leicestershire Banking Company, which reveal the experience of several thousand borrowers in the 1890s. These records indicate the importance of industrial lending relative to the service sector, agriculture and private individuals. They show that overdraft limits were often repeatedly renewed. The bank tried to accommodate all reasonable requests, while going to considerable lengths to minimize the risk of non-repayment.


When the larvae of Anoplopora nobilis were put into three kinds of medium, which were air, sawdust and poplar wood, and heated by hot air to different temperatures, the mortality results showed that all larvae in different mediums totally died in the treatments of temperature and duration as following: in air, at 55℃ and 30%RH for 80mins; in wood, at 55℃ for 35mins; in sawdust, at 55℃ for 25mins, at 60℃ for 25mins, at 65℃ for 10mins and at 70℃ for 5mins respectively In confirmation tests, 32cm×10cm×10cm naturally infested poplar woods were used When the woods were heated and the core temperature were raised to 55℃, all the larvae and/or pupae of Anoplopora nobilis, Cossus cossus orientalis and Sphecia siningesis in the wood were completely killed


Abstract Purpose: This study aims to evaluate the application of the exit skin dose (ESD) in verifying the accuracy of intra-cavitary brachytherapy treatments performed by the BEBIG 60Co machine using thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs). Materials and methods: Eleven patients who were treated for gynaecological (GYN) malignancy by high-dose-rate (HDR) brachytherapy machine have been considered in this study. A combination of tandem, cylinder and interstitial needles was applied for eight patients while tandem ovoid (TO) applicators were used for the rest (three patients). In order to measure ESD, thermoluminescent dosimetry was performed for each patient. TLDs were placed precisely on the patient's skin along her symphysis pubis bone (anterior) and left (L)/right (R) sides of her pelvic. Positioning of the dosimeter was accurately determined using fiducial markers in computed tomography (CT) scan imaging, prior to the treatment. Finally, a comparison was made between the calculated dose from the treatment planning system (TPS) and the dose measured by TLDs. Results: About 90% of all cases showed a good agreement (while considering TLD uncertainty ∼5·5%) between TPS dose calculations and TLD measurements. The measured mean values of ESD received to anterior, left and right positions were 56·72, 12·18 and 12·82 cGy, respectively. For three patients, differences up to 11·9% were detected. Conclusion: To conclude, ESD measurement method can be a suitable practical approach for verifying the accuracy of GYN HDR treatment delivery.


Preoperative needle localization prior to biopsy of nonpalpable mammographic abnormalities is a widely accepted procedure. The experience of the first 100 localizations performed at the University of Oklahoma is reviewed.


Enhanced laser cooling performance of rare-earth ion doped nanocrystalline powders is predicted, using Yb3+ :Y2 O3 as the model material. This is achieved by enhancing the anti-Stokes off-resonance absorption, which is proportional to the three factors considered in this paper: dopant concentration, pumping field energy, and anti-Stokes transition rate. The concept of the optimum dopant concentration for cooling is proposed based on the fact that higher concentration increases absorption while decreases quantum efficiency. Using the concentration quenching theory of energy transfer, the optimum concentration, which gives the maximum cooling power, is found to be larger than the currently used value, suggesting noticeable enhancement effects for laser cooling. The pumping field energy is enhanced in random nanopowders compared with bulk crystals under the same irradiation, due to the multiple scattering of photons. Photons are thus localized in the medium and do not propagate through, increasing the photon absorption of the pumping beam. This also contributes significantly to laser cooling enhancement. Using molecular dynamics simulations, the phonon density of states (DOS) of the nanopowder is calculated, and found to have extended, small tails at low and high frequencies. The second-order electronic transition rate for the anti-Stokes luminescence is calculated using the Fermi golden rule, which includes the influence of this phonon DOS, and is shown to have enhancement effects on the laser cooling efficiency using nanopowders. Finally, it is concluded that these three enhancement mechanisms are exactly equivalent to increasing the number of the three participating carriers (electron, photon, and phonon) in the interacting volume.Copyright © 2005 by ASME


Teenagers are faced with many challenges that can have an impact on life, including an impact on the school environment. Problems faced by adolescents can result in dropping out. Adolescents who are faced with dropping out are at high risk of various physical and mental health problems, as well as at high risk of committing crimes up to suicide attempts. Individuals who have dropped out need to be revived from this condition, one of which is by developing resilience. The purpose of this research is to look at the resilience of adolescents who have dropped out in terms of resilience aspects and factors. The method used is qualitative with a descriptive case study approach. Collecting data using observation, interviews, and documents. Data analysis was carried out in four stages, namely domain analysis, taxonomic analysis, componential analysis, and cultural theme analysis. The results of the study show that adolescents who have dropped out have developed resilience as a continuous process that is constantly changing


This study is a continuation of our study on grassland survey using aerial photography, focusing here on a multi-point survey using distributed thermographic sensors and performing area-of-interest scanning in order to collect a large database, enable statistical processing and monitoring of the state and parameters of pastures.


The uniform finite-time stability and feedback stabilization for a class of uncertain discrete-time switched singular systems are studied based on the Lyapunov-like function approach and the linear matrix inequality(LMI).Firstly,supposing that the uncertain parameters are norm-bounded,a new sufficient condition which ensures uniform finite-time stabliling and finite-time bounded for the uncertain discrete-time switched singular systems and state feedback controller is given with arbitrary switching signals.Then,an LMI problem is formulated and solved by the LMI toolbox in Matlab.Finally,an illustrative example shows the effectiveness of the proposed method.


The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of non-ionic surfactant on biodegradation of PAHs in a slurry-phase bioreactor. Experiments on slurry-phase biodegradation were carried out in absence and in presence of a non-ionic surfactant TMN-10 at various concentrations. Studies were carried out with indigenous or {open_quotes}acclimatized microbial population{close_quotes}. PAHs with 2-4 benzene rings were selected as the model compounds. Slurry-phase biodegradation using indigenous microbes was shown to be effective with and without the surfactant. The results obtained showed that presence of surfactant lead to an increased release of PAHs into the solution phase, which in turn resulted in higher biotransformation efficiency. Two-and three-ring compounds were degraded in the bioreactor about 96-99 percent in 15 days in presence of the surfactant compared to 30 days required when the surfactant was not used.


The article discusses the relations between State and cinema in the context of the celebrations of the 100th anniversary of Brazilian independence, which began with the International Centenary Expo that took place between 1922 and 1923 in the city of Rio de Janeiro, and considers the place that this new media occupied in the strategy of building an image of the country for the international community.


The high costs and high potential risks associated with drilling deepwater wells have prompted the development of an advanced computerized mud logging system. This paper highlights select technologies within the system and its application to three core areas of operation—circulating, making connections, and tripping—to provide early identification of fluid influxes and losses, thus helping ensure safe and efficient well delivery.
 The advanced mud logging system includes a kick-detection system, flowback monitoring, trip monitoring software, and mud accounting software based on a new methodology. The kick-detection system uses advanced flowmeters to enable stricter control of the drilling process; fluid influxes or losses are detected by integrating the variance for predicted and measured flow and alarming, with as little as a barrel gained or lost. Flowback monitoring uses sophisticated algorithms in conjunction with the same high-accuracy flowmeters to monitor influxes while making connections. These algorithms drive a complex alarm system tuned to trigger on minimal flow variance, pit volumes, and the rate of modification of each compared to a historical baseline. Additionally, trip-monitoring software automates the tracking of pipe displacements in real time to warn of a well control event, instead of relying on spreadsheets or handwritten calculations. Mud accounting software tracks drilling fluid balance across the entire pit system for redundant influx and loss detection and accounts for volume changes based on circulating rates.
 Application of the advanced mud logging system in the deepwater Gulf of Mexico (GOM) provided earlier detection of well control events—up to 10 minutes earlier than conventional well monitoring techniques. Flowback monitoring demonstrated the ability to identify minimal flow when making connections, which would be difficult to detect by visual inspection. The ability to trend flowback profiles consistently has allowed operators to reduce the pump's off time while making connections in less than 5 minutes, without jeopardizing the ability to confirm a static well.
 Additionally, the advanced system enables drilling operations to proceed without increasing mud weight and exacerbating wellbore damage during a ballooning event.
 This paper presents a case study in which the history of well control events documented in the literature was reviewed to help identify areas of improvement.


Aside branch si!encer ".hich is〔me of reactive type silcncer is effective for the lleducti ⊂m of the sou ]1Cl with pcriodicity , It is often used t〔〕 reducc しhe noise due tQ the putsatioll pressure Ctc. This i・ e・p ・・i・tly・ffective f・・ ヒh・ n ・i・巳 with singl ・ f・eq ... cy . H 。w ・ ve ・,・ ・〕 。ff・・tiv・ f・equen 、y ,a 、ge [, comparativcly llarrow . More (>ver , the silencer is obligec ]to be large for counte1 'measur ・e of the l〔〕" r frequcncy sound . And ,しhat might cause the I)r 〔〕blem of the installation space . Then , in order to develop the side branch silencer which iseffcctive for the low frequerlcy range , t}1e side branch with the finite impedan ¢ e at the end of il was made and examined . As a result ,itwas clarified thatthis side branch was useful for thc low frequency noise KeJ 'Wercts; Sound and Acoustic, Noisc Control, Modal Analy5js, FEM , Wave , Side Branch Silencer . Acoustic Impedance


The pretrial process has been a must choice for most countries' lawsuit system for its function to saffguard the impartiality and to improve the trial efficiency. Through the comparative analysis on the Sino-American pretrial process, this paper proposes feasible suggestions for reconstructing a sicientific and impartial pretrial process in China.


The aim of the paper is to examine the performance of bootstrap and asymptotic parametric inference methods in structural VAR analysis. The results obtained through a Monte Carlo experiment suggest that the two approaches are largely equivalent in most, but not all, cases. While the asymptotic method turns out to be surprisingly robust with respect to the distribution of the errors, the bootstrap does deliver results superior in terms of both length of the confidence interval and coverage when highly non-linear statistics (such as the components of the variance of the forecast error) are considered.


A tsunami induces secondary electromagnetic (EM) fields of significant intensity as a result of Faraday's law, and these EM fields can be recorded by instruments on the seafloor. Such observations will provide parameters that are useful in understanding tsunami generation and propagation processes. As such, EM sensors can be used as a type of tsunami sensor. In the present study, we report the observation of tsunami‐induced EM signals by a small array of ocean bottom electromagnetometers consisting of four stations in the northwestern Pacific Ocean. Then, several data analysis methods are used to estimate tsunami parameters. Referring to the theoretical relation, the wave height is estimated from the observed magnetic and electric fields. Also, the propagation direction of the 2011 Tohoku Tsunami is estimated by applying analysis methods for an array and a single station.


This research focused on the evaluation of total quality management on the organizational performance of Ondo state wire and cable manufacturing Industries. A case study of Denki Wire and Cable Nigeria Limited, Akure, Ondo State. The issue of poor quality of products is a major problem in the wire and cable manufacturing industries in Nigeria which can be averted by genuine quality management for enhancing product quality. The study aimed to evaluate the extent to which the principles of total quality management implemented and the impact of total quality management principles on organizational performance. A descriptive survey research design was adopted for the study. The study relied on primary data generated by administering a structured questionnaire. The study population comprised forty-five (45) respondents from Denki Wire and Cable Nigeria Limited, Akure..The entire population was used for the study, hence, sampling was not employed. Three experts validated the instruments and a reliability of 0.86 was obtained using mean and standard deviation in answering the two research questions. The hypotheses were also tested using a t-test at 0.05 level of significance. The instrument used for data collection was a structured questionnaire titled: "Total Quality Management on Organizational Performance Questionnaire" (TQMOPQ) developed by the researchers. The study relied on primary data which was generated through the administration of a structured questionnaire. The population of the study comprised of forty five (45) respondents from Denki wire and cable Nigeria limited. The result of the study shows that implementation of total quality management practices play an important role in enhancing organizational performance. In light of these findings, the following recommended were made all the total quality management principles must be implemented in order to achieve organization goal target, organization should see total quality management principle as a continuous project which should not be ignored, all staffs should join hand in the implementation of total quality management principle in the organization in order to achieve their goal target and satisfy its customers and management should engage in frequent training of employee in order to foster its quality attainment.


The correctness of the activity graph decides that the correctness of execution of business flow,so this paper proposes an method for diagnosis of correctness of UML activity graph model.It verificates the model.Model diagnosis of sub-models which are wrong and receiving the diagnosis results.The application of example of quality management process,demonstrates this approach can reduce the space of model,decrease diagnosis frequency,lock error accurately,diagnose the model correctness effectively.


Objective:To study the effects of the free radical scavenging activity of these formulae for blood-activating and stasis-removing such as Xuefu Zhuyu Decoction(XF),Shaofu Zhuyu Decoction(SF),Gexia Zhuyu Decoction(GX),Shentong Zhuyu Decoction(ST)and Tongqiao Huoxue Decoction(TQ).Method: Free radical scavenging activity was determined by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH)method.Result: The result showed that all these formulae had significant effects on scavenging DPPH radical(P0.01),in a dose-dependent manner..The free radical scavenging capacity on DPPH were in the following descending order:GXTQSFSTXF.The scavenging ability in total formula was better than in ethanol precipitant and supernatant.Conclusion:Validation studies proved that the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for DPPH had good reproducibility and feasibility.The method could be used as high throughput screening for Chinese herbs and traditional chinese medicine formulae.


Introduction The Discontinuities of Philippine Migration The Making of Migrants The Professionalization of Entertainment Performing Migration The Political Process of Making Migrants


ABSTRACT Culture inoculation of 6722 nasopharyngeal samples since February 2020 allowed isolation of 3637 SARS-CoV-2 and confirmed that isolation rate is correlated to viral load, regardless symptomatology or vaccination status. Moreover, the delta variant is associated with higher viral loads and therefore higher rates of viral isolation, explaining its greater contagiousness.


Corona virus has affected the world education system and the distance education system. The medium of instruction changed from traditional to technological in this pandemic. This study has been done in Saudi Arabia to measure the benefits and barriers of distance education during the corona virus pandemic. A total of 1500 questioners were distributed and collected through random sampling to measure the response of respondents in schools. To analyze the data, t-test and ANOVA techniques were used. From the study it has been found that due to technology, teachers have benefited in achieving their goals in delivering the classes and results were achieved as desired.


Objective To establish a method for determining clozapine and fluoxetine in human plasma by RP-HPLC.Methods A reverse phase HPLC system was performed on C18 column(150 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm) with the mobile phase consisted of 30 mmol·L-1 ammonioum-methanol(24∶76).The flow rate was 0.8 mL·min-1 and the detection wavelength was at 254 nm.Ethyl acetate and dichloromethane(80∶20)was used as extracting solvent.Results The calibration curves were linear in the range of 25.0-1 000.0 μg·L-1 for clozapine,10.0-480.0 μg·L-1 for fluoxetine respectively.The average recovery rates of clozapine and fluoxetine in low,middle and high concentrations were 100.4%,98.17%,97.89% and 101.3%,98.58%,99.12%,respectively;the extraction recovery rates were 74.89%,77.93%,79.84% and 71.62%,74.72%,79.63%,respectively.The intra-day and inter-day variation(RSD) was less than 10%(n=5).The minimum detectable concentration of clozapine and fluoxetine was 5.0 μg·L-1.Conclusion The method is sensitive,accurate,simple and quick,which can be used for clinical drug monitoring and pharmacokinetics studies of clozapine and fluoxetine.


In root nodule subpopulations from different parts of the root system, nitrogenase activity was previously found to vary. At the time for rapid pod-filling nitrogenase activity declined in nodules located at the crown of the root system, while nodule biomass and specific activity increased considerably in distal parts. This could be explained either by formation of new nodules or by growth of existing nodules. The objective of the present study was to characterize nodule development and to quantify the amount of active nodules in the crown and distal root zones. Here, we address the mechanisms that determine ontogenetic changes in nitrogen fixation. A new method was developed for nodule classification by size and surface colour, using an image analysis system


Starry flounder(Platichthys stellatus) is the large carnivorous fish and demands diet with high level protein.This experiment was carried out to study the effect of replacing fishmeal with new protein sources in diets of juvenile starry flounder [initial weight,(75.6±0.18) g].Five isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets(D0,D17,D35,D52 and D69) were formulated by regulating amino acid level with new protein resources(soy protein concentrate,dephenolized cottonseed protein,spray-dried blood meal,etc).D0 with 58% defatted fishmeal as the control group,fishmeal was replaced by new protein sources at four levels of 17%,35%,52%,69%.Five groups in triplicate were divided randomly for the 60-day experimental period.At the end of the experiment,growth performance,body composition and partial immunological parameters were studied.The results show that weight growth rate(WGR),protein efficiency ratio(PER) and specific growth rate(SGR) of D0 are 141.84%,229.88%and 1.47%/d,respectively,no significant differences occurred among D17,D35 and D52(P 0.05),but D69 is significantly low at 107.77%,186.37% and 1.22%/d(P 0.05),respectively;Feed conversion ratio(FCR) of D0 is 0.80 and not significant to D17,D35 and D52(P 0.05),but D69 is 0.98 and higher than the other four groups obviously(P 0.05);Digestive tube index(DTI) tends to enhance with increasing level of new protein sources,D0 is 2.01%,significantly lower than D69(P 0.05);Condition factors(CF) has no significant difference(P 0.05) in five groups.There are no significant differences(P 0.05) in the contents of protein and fat in whole fish and muscle,while the mineral content in whole fish increases with the replacement of fishmeal;erythrocyte,leukocyte,hemoglobin and serum protein have no significant difference(P 0.05) among groups,but increase of new protein sources has some negative impact on hematocrit(HCT) and lysozyme activity.These results show clearly that dietary fishmeal levels can be considerably reduced without any adverse effect on growth performances for juvenile starry flounder.Digestive enzyme activities,amino acid and the utilization of minerals of juvenile starry flounder are the target of research at present.


The invention provides a vibration system. The vibration system comprises an application processor, a driving chip and a plurality of vibration assemblies, wherein the application processor is configured to pre-store a plurality of vibration modes, select a vibration mode according to an external command, and resolve the selected vibration mode in order to obtain a resolution result and generate a control logical signal; the driving chip is configured to receive the control logical signal, and receive and output the resolution result according to the control logical signal; at least one vibration assembly is configured to receive the control logical signal, receive the resolution result output by the driving chip according to the control logical signal, and vibrate according to the received resolution result. The invention further provides a vibration method of the vibration system and intelligent wearable equipment. The vibrations system has very high flexibility, can bend according to the demands of wearable products such as a watchband, and can bring more abundant vibration feedback effects to a user, so that more real vibration experience is brought to the user.


This paper proposes a test system for a valve and poles building blocks used for large scale inverters such as STATCOM, SSSC, UPFC and VSC HVDC. Power semiconductors in the valve are normally connected in series to withstand switching voltage much larger than the voltage rating of a single power semiconductor. Therefore, there is a need to verify if the dynamic voltage sharing during switching in a valve is satisfactory. In this paper, we propose a test system that provides the necessary test condition: voltage and current in the valve using resonant circuits. A test scheme for a single phase inverter consisting two poles is also proposed. The performance of the inverter pole has to be verified at the factory test, before the system is installed at the site to secure the reliability of the system. The proposed scheme makes it possible to confirm if the pole can withstand voltage and current switching condition and handle loss.


The marriage relationship is a matter of great concern to psychotherapists in their work with patients since the psychopathology of many patients leads to marital conflicts and family instability. The method of treating marital conflicts varies considerably with the orientation and the skill of the therapist. However the individual reader may approach these problems, this volume of essays sponsored by the Society of Medical Psychoanalysts provides an interesting and informative perspective on numerous aspects of the marital relationship, particularly as they are involved in the theories and practices of psychoanalysts. Each of the 25 contributing authors pre sumably is an analyst, and the analytic viewpoint appears to be basic to each paper and to the entire book. However, in the preface the editors state, "The eclectic nature of the Society of Medical Psychoanalysts is reflected not only in the orientations of the editors, but


The invention discloses glutinous rice environment-friendly paint. The paint is composed of, by mass, 37-39% of glutinous rice flour, 15-20% of crop starch, 9.5-11% of ash calcium, 14-15% of heavy calcium, 18-19% of diatom ooze and 1.5-2% of anion powder, wherein sum of mass percentages of the components is 100%. The invention discloses a preparation method of the glutinous rice environment-friendly paint. The glutinous rice environment-friendly paint has the advantages of being high in cohesiveness, waterproof, moisture-proof, free of peeling and shedding, nontoxic, harmless and pollution-free and can realize air purifying effect. The paint can be used by only mixing the paint with water according to a certain ratio, and can be directly used on a blank wall without puttying and using of emulsion paint, so that pollution of construction environment due to dust flying caused by grinding can be avoided, and threat, of formaldehyde, to physical health of residents is avoided.


These are partial lecture notes from the fifteen Ess\'en Lectures for graduate students at Uppsala University given (in four days!) in June 2013.


The research of single and multi-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs/MWCNTs) mixed in sodium alginate-based nanofluid with MHD stagnation-point flow on a convective heated stretching disk with viscous dissipation and suction effects is being done with the intention of decoding the heat and mass transmission mechanism. It is possible to transform PDEs that govern the boundary layer into ODEs. MATLAB's Bvp5c is used to numerically solve the revised equations. The Yamada-Ota model and the Buongiorno model are used in this work to scrutinize the flow, heat, and mass transfer parameters. The following parameters were brought up for discussion: volume fraction nanoparticle, magnetic parameter, suction, Brownian motion, thermophoresis, Lewis number, Eckert number, Biot number, stretching, and thermophoresis. This study found that nanofluid (SWCNT/sodium alginate) has a superior flow, heat, and mass transfer rate than nanofluid (MWCNT/sodium alginate). Graphical representations of the effects of various factors are shown, and a comparison of current and prior findings is given in a table. A comparison of current and previous findings reveals a 0% relative inaccuracy. The velocity ratio parameter has solutions that look close to the separation value. The performance of heat and mass transfer operations may be improved by increasing suction parameters. Increases in Brownian motion Nb and suction decrease the temperature profile, whereas increases in velocity ratio and magnetic parameters increase velocity. This research is critical for estimating flow, temperature, and concentration behavior for CNTs with incorporated physical properties.


Predicting student performance, preventing failure and identifying the factors influencing student dropout are issues that have attracted a great deal of research interest recently. In this study, we employ and evaluate several machine learning algorithms to identify students at-risk and predict student dropout of university programs based on the data available at the time of enrollment (secondary school performance, personal details). We also present a data-driven decision support platform for education directorate and stakeholders. The models are built on data of 15,825 undergraduate students from Budapest University of Technology and Economics enrolled between 2010 and 2017 and finished their undergraduate studies either by graduation or dropping out. We handle the problem of missing data by imputation. After performing feature extraction and feature selection, a wide range of classifiers have been trained including Decision Tree-based algorithms, Naive Bayes, k-NN, Linear Models and Deep Learning with different input settings. The methods were tested using 10-fold cross-validation and the AUC of the best models, Gradient Boosted Trees and Deep Learning, were 0.808 and 0.811 respectively.


Purpose: To present a case of two siblings diagnosed with Congenital Horner's Syndrome. The condition developing in related patients has only been previously described once in the literature.

Methods: The older brother presented at 9 months to his GP with anisocoria. The left pupil appearing smaller than the right. There was no history of birth trauma or any neonatal concerns. The younger sibling was later referred after he was observed to have anisocoria, again the left being the smaller pupil. Both patients were term deliveries with normal labour and no postpartum problems.

Results: Pharmocological testing with cocaine 10% confirmed the diagnosis of Horner's syndrome.

Laboratory and radiological examinations performed by the paediatrician did not reveal any abnormality.

Conclusions: This case proposes a familial predisposition to the development of Horner's Syndrome and warrants future investigation into the cause.


Industrial hemp cultivation in Europe is dual-purpose, with stalks providing fibers and hurds, and seeds being used for food, feed and pharmaceutical applications. Economic sustainability of hemp cultivation should encompass the possibility of recovering non-narcotic secondary metabolites from hemp by-products (leaves, leaflets and bracts) originating from seed harvest and seed cleaning procedures. Surprisingly, no information is currently available on the contents of high added value bioactive compounds (CBD, CBG, cannflavin A, Δ-THC) in industrial hemp inflorescence and threshing residues. This observation provided a rationale for investigating the issue on three monoecious varieties grown in Northern Italy. The concentration of target compounds was monitored from full-flowering until plant senescence by LC–MS/MS analysis of methanolic extracts of the plant biomass. The anti-inflammatory prenylated flavonoid cannflavin A was present in all varieties at levels mainly affected by genotype and air temperature. Conversely, the concentration of CBD, currently the clinically most promising non-narcotic cannabinoid, correlated to the overall extent and distribution of precipitation during growing cycle. Our findings suggest that postponing harvest after seed maturity increases the CBD contents and increase the CBD/Δ-THC ratio in harvest threshing.


Abstract Studies on energy futures present many and usually vastly different plausible scenarios of energy development pathways that can inform energy policy decisions, which gives rise to the risk whereby scenario users may choose a specific study supporting their personal or political agenda in order to justify their decisions. Given how controversial energy futures in the context of climate change can be, developing and utilizing more objective approaches for scenario analysis is important. To navigate this challenging situation, we present a promising approach to integrate multiple energy scenarios systematically using network analysis. This research examines four Canadian energy futures studies to produce a multi-study network. By visualizing scenario elements in the multi-study network, we found individual studies vary in scope, focusing either on the economy or the environment. Our network analysis shows the compatibility and complementarity of different studies even though these studies were developed by different author teams.


Public financial transparency and accountability has been a main concern for numerous countries in the world. Several abuses of public budget which become main indicator of weak public financial transparency and accountability also happened recently. In fact, there is an institution which established with main purpose of guiding the transparency and accountability of public budget management in some countries, including Indonesia. This institution is named PAC, or BAKN in Indonesia. The cases of abuse of public budget that rose recently show that this institution has not been working properly. The study measures the ability of BAKN to improve public budget transparency and accountability, as well as determine the strength and weakness of the BAKN. As the study done, it is found out that BAKN possesses more than just enough capability to guide the public transparency and accountability in Indonesia. The slow pace of improvement on the transparency and accountability level of public finance caused by the committee"s lack of experience, it is because BAKN just started four years ago, which is still very young and need more time to execute their duty.


Recently the concept of multilingualism has become a defining approach to the problem of language learning. Multilingualism occurs as an individual's language experience, expands culturally from the language used in the family to the language used in society, and then to the acquisition of languages of other peoples. The individual does not "keep" these languages and cultures separate from each other, but forms a communicative competence based on all knowledge and all language experience, where languages are interconnected and interact with one another. One of the most important approaches to both bilingual and multilingual education is, in our opinion, the study of psycholinguistic and neuro-linguistic mechanisms of bilingualism and multilingualism formation. The peculiarity of the language situation of the Republic of Kazakhstan is the presence of bilingualism, which occured in the country as a natural process in a multinational state. However each region of the country has its own specifics in terms of language. In this regard, there is a need for a regional approach to the study of the language situation in the Republic of Kazakhstan. It is worth noting that the definition of the role and place of Russian language in teaching a foreign language in the context of multilingualism is insufficiently studied. Russian language is not only a universal means of communication generally accepted in the Republic of Kazakhstan, but also the main means of knowledge of sciences and support in learning a foreign language. Linguistic situation of foreign language teaching in multilingual environment in many respects differs from the linguistic situation of learning a foreign language in a monolingual audience.


Tibet herb Halenia ellipitica D.Don is a traditional medicinal material of local Qinghai,and the test of cultivated has a good result in Qinghai Province.We separately collected cultivated Halenia ellipitica D.Don of the seeds matured ago and later,in order to compare the change of the trace elements that the cultivated Halenia ellipitica D.Don of during the seed matured ago and later,and analyzed the contents of trace elements as copper zinc iron manganese and cobalt by atom absorb spectrum instrument.The results show that the contents of the copper and nickel changes smaller,and the contents of the zinc manganese cobalt and iron has a characteristic of geography distributed that difference districts of cultivated Halenia ellipitica D.Don.in Qinghai Province.


In 2009, UNESCO included the Waters' Court of Valencia and the Good Men of Murcian Court in the representative list of the intangible cultural heritage of Humanity. Both institutions of consuetudinary law were thus recognized by the international highest category of intangible protection level. In recent decades, consultative resolutions (cultural, legal) as well as research bibliography have developed the analysis of the values attributed to certain cultural manifestations (material or immaterial) whose appeal would serve the social and political actors to justify its recognition and protection as heritage. The Intangible Cultural Heritage would be understood as a social construction that is carried out through the attribution of meaning and values to a concrete cultural manifestation of the past that is still alive and has a vocation for the future. In this way, the research carries out the analysis of the values (historical, legal, environmental, consensus, democratic and identity) present in the political discourse articulated for the recognition and protection of the traditional Water's Court of Orihuela (institution of consuetudinary law) as Intangible Cultural Heritage in the period 2013 – 2018 from a multilevel perspective (City Council of Orihuela, Regional government of Alicante, and spanish Parliament).


In recent years, water jet propulsion unit has been widely used in the field of high speed ship. Compared with traditional propeller, water jet propulsion unit has excellent maneuverability with high speed, and lateral force generated by water jet propulsion unit can reduce the radius of turning. High speed ship with water jet propulsion has higher efficiency, lower noise. However, water jet propulsion unit needs to be opened in stern transom plate, and it causes the water jet force when ship is operating, all of these will affect the local strength of stern. It remains to be researched whether the vibration generated by water jet excitation force has a significant influence. These problems are designers worried about. To solve these problems, this paper builds the finite element model of stern contains water jet propulsion unit, considering hull deck load, broadside load, bottom load, bulkhead load and water jet load, checking the local strength of stern. Analysis of vibration problem, considering the influence of added mass of entrained water, dividing stern into deck, bottom, water jet propulsion unit, stern transom plate and other local structure, calculating natural frequencies of plate, panel and grillage of each local structures. Comparing the results with shaft frequency and blade frequency, checking the reserve frequency, judging whether water jet propulsion unit on vibration problem meets standards, providing reference for the following hull design.


There are no many publications analyzing daily diet variability, because of data collection in multiple days is very difficult, and validity of dietary data collection methods such as 24 hours recalls or food questionnaires depend on this variability. Daily food intake of 43 students from the university was evaluated during 28 days, using a self report food consumption diary. Participants were trained in data collection and weekly controls were done to verify the accuracy of data. A strong heterogeneity between variances in energy and nutrients intake was found; this means that the data collection methods applied in clinical practice and research are incorrect. These methods are using to collect data in a range of 1 to 7 days, but the most common is to get dietary information in 2-3 days. The outcomes of this study showed that this food collecting data model doesn't match with population's food variability patterns. Therefore it is necessary to consider a probability distribution in order to represents the population's food habits variability. Differences in variability had an important effect on the number of days that are needed to estimate individual consumption patterns.


A novel synthetic methodology for preparation of thiocarbohydrazone by reacting thiocarbohydrazide with 1-acetyl-5-chloroisatin is described. The title compound was prepared by condensation of thiocarbohydrazide and substituted isatin in aqueous ethanol. The newly synthesized compound was characterized using 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, FT-IR and mass spectrometry.


Morphogenesis is crucial during development to generate organs and tissues of the correct size and shape. During Drosophila late eye development, interommatidial cells (IOCs) rearrange to generate the highly organized pupal lattice, in which hexagonal ommatidial units pack tightly. This process involves the fine regulation of adherens junctions (AJs) and of adhesive E-Cadherin (E-Cad) complexes. Localized accumulation of Bazooka (Baz), the Drosophila PAR3 homolog, has emerged as a critical step to specify where new E-Cad complexes should be deposited during junction remodeling. However, the mechanisms controlling the correct localization of Baz are still only partly understood. We show here that Drosophila Magi, the sole fly homolog of the mammalian MAGI scaffolds, is an upstream regulator of E-Cad-based AJs during cell rearrangements, and that Magi mutant IOCs fail to reach their correct position. We uncover a direct physical interaction between Magi and the Ras association domain protein RASSF8 through a WW domain-PPxY motif binding, and show that apical Magi recruits the RASSF8-ASPP complex during AJ remodeling in IOCs. We further show that this Magi complex is required for the cortical recruitment of Baz and of the E-Cad-associated proteins α- and β-catenin. We propose that, by controlling the proper localization of Baz to remodeling junctions, Magi and the RASSF8-ASPP complex promote the recruitment or stabilization of E-Cad complexes at junction sites. Highlighted article: The apical scaffold protein Magi regulates localization of the polarity protein Bazooka and hence E-cadherin deposition and adherens junction remodelling in Drosophila eye epithelial cells.


Magnetocaloric materials with a Curie temperature near room temperature have attracted significant interest for some time due to their possible application for high‐efficiency refrigeration devices. This review focuses on a number of key issues of relevance for the characterization, performance and implementation of such materials in actual devices. The phenomenology and fundamental thermodynamics of magnetocaloric materials is discussed, as well as the hysteresis behavior often found in first‐order materials. A number of theoretical and experimental approaches and their implications are reviewed. The question of how to evaluate the suitability of a given material for use in a magnetocaloric device is covered in some detail, including a critical assessment of a number of common performance metrics. Of particular interest is which non‐magnetocaloric properties need to be considered in this connection. An overview of several important materials classes is given before considering the performance of materials in actual devices. Finally, an outlook on further developments is presented.


A series of studies examined the role of social influence processes in group brainstorming. Two studies with pairs and 1 with groups of 4 revealed that the performance of participants in interactive groups is more similar than the performance of those in nominal groups. A 4th study demonstrated that performance levels in an initial group session predicted performance on a different problem 2 sessions later. In a 5th study it was found that the productivity gap between an interactive and nominal group could be eliminated by giving interactive group members a performance standard comparable with the typical performance of nominal groups


PURPOSE: A cooling device and a display device having the same are provided to increase cooling performance by including a scroll structure for reducing flow resistance. CONSTITUTION: A cooling fan discharges fluid inhaling from a radiation element. A pair of radiation blocks(162,163) is included of both sides of the cooling fan. Heat pipes(164-167) transfer heat to the radiation blocks from the radiation element. The cooling fan includes an impeller(151) and a scroll unit(152).


Abstract : Electric charge transfer between ice crystals and an ice target has been measured under a range of environmental conditions in which simulate the environment of a thunderstorm. The charge transfer is very dependent on ice crystal size and cold chamber which permits long growth times has been used to determine charge/size relationships for crystal sizes up to 800 micrometers. Also, a new hot-wire device has been developed to measure liquid water content. The collection efficiencies of a rimed target for water droplets and ice crystals have been determined. High velocity crystal/target impacts up to 100 m/s show a maximum charge transfer at 25 m/s.


Vegetation survey was carried out to ascertain the diversity between the four micro watersheds, Each watershed was divided into three equal parts upper, middle and lower. Variation in species diversity between watershed and within watershed was worked out using diversity indices, Importance Value Index IVI and light intensity. All the four watersheds were gauged in order to see the impact of vegetation on runoff and soil loss. It was found that on an average 1VI of trees were highest in WS1, shrubs in WS2 and grasses in WS3, Diversity indices were higher in lower and middle parts of the watershed. The average value for evenness index was higher in WS5 (0.497), Shannon-Wiener diversity index and Species richness were higher 1,088 and 1.773, respectively in WS2. Intensity of light below tree and shrubs were lowest in WS2. Runoff and soil loss was also lowest (0.21% and 1.1 kg ha−1) in WS2.


The purpose of this paper is to explore health literacy of adults in the United States and review health outcomes as well as provider implications. Limited health literacy is a serious problem in the United States. Approximately 80 million adults in the United States have limited health literacy, which can adversely affect the quality of their health care. Poor health outcomes are associated with being health illiterate. Evidence shows that limited health literacy is associated with more hospitalizations; greater use of emergency care; lower receipt of mammography screening and influenza vaccine; poorer ability to demonstrate taking medications properly; poorer ability to interpret drug labels and health messages; and, among elderly persons, poorer overall health status and higher mortality rates. Health literacy is essential for patients to be able to take control and manage their own health. The benefits of being health literate include greater patient safety, less hospitalizations, a greater ability to care for oneself, and a greater cost savings to the healthcare system. This paper emphasizes "best practices" recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO),1 The American Medical Association (AMA),2 the Institute of Medicine (IOM),3 the Center for Disease Control (CDC),4 and the Joint Commission (JCAHO) 5 When patients, providers and communities work together to understand and improve health literacy a greater quality of life will result. Today's health care providers are in a position to make an impact on the health illiteracy epidemic and improve the patient's understanding about their health and outcomes.


In the north eastern part of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), an area affected by war and armed conflicts, a sensitization campaign about (coping with) traumatic stress has been carried out. This campaign has positively influenced the awareness of key community members to traumatic stress. In this paper, the campaign and its results are presented.


With the continuous increase in plantation areas, the reduction of natural forest areas, and the unreasonable management of plantations by human beings, the service function of forest ecosystems has gradually reduced. Therefore, close-to-natural forestry has become important for the sustainable development of modern forestry. However, the differences in soil properties, enzyme activities, microbial diversities, and undergrowth vegetation species diversities have not been systematically explained for Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata). How do these indicators interact? The purpose of this paper was to study the difference in soil properties and biodiversity in different aged Chinese fir plantations and close-to-natural forests to explore their interactions and to provide direction for close-to-nature management. The results showed that the above indicators were significantly different in different aged Chinese fir plantations, soil pH, organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen, available phosphorus concentrations, and urease activities in close-to-natural forests were significantly higher than plantations. It is worth mentioning that the richness of undergrowth vegetation species diversity (especially shrubs) and soil microbial diversities (especially fungi) in the close-to-natural forests were obviously higher than those in plantations. The correlation analysis results showed that the diversity of shrub species with respect to soil properties presented a higher correlation than herb species, the diversity of fungi with respect to soil properties presented a higher correlation than that observed for bacteria, and the diversity of fungi were significantly correlated with the diversity of undergrowth vegetation species diversities, but the correlation between bacteria and undergrowth vegetation species diversities was not significant. Our results suggest that the above factors are fundamental factors for the transformation of Chinese fir plantations to close-to-natural forests. To realize close-to-natural forestry, we must change the tree structure, combine the difference of those factors in different aged plantations, restore undergrowth vegetation species diversity, and thus improve microbial diversity and increase decomposition, transformation, and improvement of soil properties.


Feeling the general want of something more definite and satisfactory in the manner of manipulating rubber and celluloid, I have experimented, with the following results: Rubber, exposed in a hot chamber, swells up and becomes porous; compressed in molds and subjected to heat, its density, after curing, is in proportion to the amount of mechanical pressure employed. When vulcanized in a water or steam-bath, pressure is then essential to density,


Background and Purpose: Toxoplasma gondii is an obligatory intracellular parasite in different cells of human beings and animals. The aim of this study was to evaluate presence and movement trend of T. gondii tachyzoites in different tissues of Balb/c, after immunization with Excretory Secretory Antigens (ESA). Materials and Methods This experimental survey has been performed on 24 Balb/c mice in case and control groups. For immunization of mice, two times, intervals two weeks, case group (n=12) received 40 μL ESA+40μL Adjuvant and control group got 40 μL PBS+40μL Adjuvant. Two weeks after the second immunization, mice were challenged with 1×10 alive and active tachyzoites of T. gondii RH strain and on 1, 2, 3 days and the last day (before death), after challenge different tissues of 3 mice from each group were prepared and stained with Giemsa stain and the slides evaluated for presence or absence of parasites and parasitic load. Results: Toxoplasma after intraperitoneal injection, in both case and control groups were able to movement to various tissues. In the case group receiving Excretory Secretory Antigens (ESA), parasitic load in spleen, liver and heart was less than control group. Conclusion: Hence, ESA reduced the parasitic load, but could not inhibit the distribution and presence of Toxoplasma in different tissues.


In this paper we study an integral transformation introduced by E. Kratzel in spaces of distributions. This transformation is a generalization of the Laplace transform. We employ the usually called kernel method. Analyticity, boundedness, and inversion theoremes are established for the generalized transformation.


The invention relates to a chain cable conveyer, belonging to the field of conveyors. The chain cable conveyer comprises a conveying box, a convey box frame, a first driving box and a second driving box, a first driving box frame, a second driving box frame, a first driving device, a second driving device and a toothed cable chain mechanism, wherein the first driving box and the second driving box are respectively connected to two ends of the conveying box, the first driving device is connected to the first driving box frame, the second driving device is connected to the second driving box frame, and the toothed cable chain mechanism is positioned in a cavity of the conveying box and is connected between the first driving device and the second driving device; a plurality of cable chain support wheel assemblies which are used for supporting the toothed cable chain mechanism are rotatably connected to the upper part of the cavity of the conveying box; and a plurality of pairs of dragging blocks which are uniformly distributed, are used for supporting the toothed cable chain mechanism and can slide on a box body at the bottom of the cavity of the conveying box are connected to the toothed cable chain mechanism. The chain cable conveyer disclosed by the invention has the advantages of being suitable for conveying powder materials, such as coal ash and the like with high hardness and no lubricating effect, as well as granular materials, such as semicoke and the like on the premise of ensuring effective support to the toothed cable chain mechanism.


From a logical point of view, while it is necessary, it is not sufficient, to describe, as political scientists and economists have, the emergence of new arrangements for global economic governance, and to document, classify, and provide empirical analysis of the attendant shifts in power, influence and practical effectiveness they bring about. Nor is it sufficient, as management theorists have done, to propose innovative instrumental strategies for managing the various stakeholder interests at play in emerging forms of governance. Indeed, as one surveys the literature it becomes clear that an instrumentalist conception dominates in many of the recent portrayals of "new governance" regimes. Such depictions are mainly concerned with the efficacy of international regimes or networks and with the question of what motivates business enterprises to comply with "soft law," which is seen as an embodiment of corporate social responsibility and sustainability. Some writers explain this compliance in terms of accountability (business competitiveness, risk management and corporate image), profitability, club theory, and prisoners' dilemma or coordination externality incentives. While such studies are important in their own right, we nevertheless need a normative, non-instrumental justificatory approach to global economic governance.Accordingly, assuming an epistemological standpoint, which involves higher-order philosophical analysis and reflection, this article provides conceptual space for articulating a normative and non-instrumental foundation for the rule of law and human rights.


The study of new specimens of the rare species Rhopalurus debilis (C. L. Koch, 1840), confirms that this species should not be included in the genus Rhopalurus Thorell, 1876. Detailed investigation with the aid of an SEM, in particular of the morphological characteristics of the pectines of R. debilis, demonstrates that this species does not possess a stridulatory appa- ratus as all other species of the genus Rhopalurus. Accordingly, R. debilis is transferred to the available genus Physoctonus


Ultrasonography has been used since 1956 for diagnostic ocular diseases in humans. Veterinary ocular ultrasonography was first described in 1968 (13). The great advantage of ultrasound is the ability to evaluate the internal structure of the eye when refractive media (cornea, lens) are opaque (21). Knowledge of the dimensions of the optical components is required to better understand of many research and clinical problems in vision (24). This requirement is met in general by giving a quantitative description of the dioptrics of a typical eye (schematic or model eye). In humans the model eye could be used to determine spectacle lens power needed to correct a refractive error, intraocular lens power required after cataract surgery or to determine the refractive state (14). In veterinary medicine ocular biometry has potential application in establishing lens power, and estimating prosthetic globe size after enucleation (6, 7). Both A-mode and B-mode ultrasound have been used for ocular biometry. A-mode was recognized as more accurate than B-mode in detecting small lesions of the eye and to group lesions in histopathologic differential diagnoses (13, 4). Ocular dimensions varied considerably and depended on species, age, and sex (3, 4, 14, 16, 17, 21). Axial ocular length was significantly longer in human males than in females (13); the lens thickness was increased and anterior chamber depth was decreased with aging in both sexes in human (12). This was also found in the dog (21, 5). Later, it was reported that axial ocular length did not depend on age or sex, but was significantly greater in dogs of large breeds (6). Dolichocephalic breeds had a longer eye globe than did mesocephalic breeds (3). Ocular dimensions were measured for camel, cow, pig, sheep (14, 15, 16, 17, 19). The eye of the one-humped camel was smaller than of a horse, and cow but bigger than of a sheep, pig, dog and cat (14). Ultrasonic pachymetry is the most accurate in vivo method (8, 9, 22). The hand-held ultrasonic instruments are precise, relatively simple clinical instrument to use and accurately measure the thickness in any area of the cornea (11). Some studies showed the cornea of the human, dog, horse and cow was thinner in the center and thicker at the periphery (19, 22). The cornea of the cat was uniform (9, 22). The central part of the porcine cornea was slightly thicker than peripheral part; in bulls, peripheral superior area was thickest and the peripheral temporal location was the thinnest (8, 23, 18). Other authors reported that the peripheral cornea of the dog was thicker than the central and that corneal thickness increased with age (7, 8). The thickness of cat cornea increased with age up to 100 month, then leveled off and slightly decreased (9). According to all reports the corneas of the left and right eye did not differ significantly (5, 8, 18, 19, 22, 23). Materials and methods: The aim of this study was to measure and evaluate in vivo the structures of the eye (the thickness of the cornea, lens, and vitreous, and sagital eyeball axis) in dogs of different age using ultrasound equipment. The twenty-eight mixed-breed dogs of different age were used in this study. We investigated five 10 to 15days-old puppies, weighing 0.4 – 0.6 kg (group no. 1), five 20-day-old puppies, weighing 0.3 – 0.5 kg (group no. 2), eight 2 to 4-month-old puppies, weighing 2.3 – 6.3 kg (group no.3), and ten adult dogs, weighing 7 – 9.5 kg (group no. 4). All dogs had a pre-study ophthalmic examination that demonstrated dog's eyes were normal. Dogs were sedated intramuscularly with mixture of Xylazin and Imalgen. The thickness of the lens, vitreous and sagital eyeball axis were measured by A-mode ultrasonography (12) in all dogs. The corneal thickness was measured using a 15 MHz fluid probe ultrasonic pachymetry in all dogs except those in the group 3. The corneal thickness of the young dogs (group 1 and 2) was measured in the central point of the cornea. We were unable to measure more points because of the cornea size. We measured five points in the adult dogs' cornea: central, peripheral superior, peripheral inferior, peripheral nasal and peripheral temporal. The peripheral points were 1 mm from limbus (the junction of cornea and sclera). Ten measurements were taken at each point to determine the mean thickness. Measurements of the corneal thickness were grouped and compared by age of the dogs and measurement site. A Student t-test was used for statistical analysis.


This article describes the reflections and experiences of recent research carried out in rural settlements in Mato Grosso do Sul State. Interviews were conducted through the dialectical process, also including observations and forms fulfillment, specifically designed for women, because they play a very important role in the community. Our work has endeavored to elucidate how these women build and rebuild strategies of resistance and strengthen their own identities through memory work. Theoretical/ methodological concepts defined the structure of a qualitative design (participant observation, semi-structured interviews that were recorded, and written application forms comprising both objective and subjective questions), which allowed to recognize the ongoing struggle of these women to bring about gender justice as to their social positions, refusing a linear and unifying view. Moreover, it was observed that women in the settlements develop strategies and identify relevant depiction of a way of being in the world, generating changes in gender relationships and essential to stay on the land. Keywords: Gender; Identity; Memory.


In the late 20th century, the innovational and entrepreneurial activities of some research universities gave birth to a brand\|new university mode \| entrepreneurial universities. The entrepreneurial universities aim at improving national competitiveness, productivity and the entrepreneurial and innovative spirit of the country and nationality, and developing the national and regional economy. The "social services" of entrepreneurial universities reconstruct and promote the form and content of the third function of universities, and rebuild the spirit and feature of traditional research universities.


Conservative treatment of thoracic outlet syndrome is frequently recommended but few studies reporting conservative management are present in literature. Thirteen out-patients with thoracic outlet syndrome (4 males, 9 females) were admitted to a conservative treatment (massage and kinesitherapy) involving the cervical spine and shoulder girdle. All the patients were satisfied with the outcome of the treatment. In particular rest symptoms completely disappeared after treatment in all patients. This study confirms the efficacy of physical therapy in the conservative treatment of patients with thoracic outlet syndrome. Further studies on long-term outcome are needed.


The focus of this dissertation is the author's journey through foster care dealing with the themes of resilience, attachment and permanence. The author has included his own experiences as a child in care using the method of auto ethnography. Examining a micro study, from the transition of childhood to independent adulthood. The author includes two viewpoints, that of the self and the other a cultural context, which the author has chosen to be decisions made by the state.

To maintain the academic requirements for this dissertation the author has included a literature review within the piece to describe and evaluate fostering, resilience, matching with references to best practice. Social Work in Great Britain remains to continue to use more reactive approaches.

The literature review discovers a developing environment care leavers today are growing up in. The clear recommendation of this dissertation is that in depth planning is integral to young people throughout their care career. More innovative and trusting relationships between child, carers, parents and social worker are necessary.


OBJECTIVE
To study the tissue culture technique of Liriope spicata.

METHODS
The tender stem segments with roots as explants were cultured on various media with different kinds of hormones, a lot of bud clusters were induced and grew into seedlings.

RESULTS
A great quantity of whole aseptic seedlings can be formed quickly by the tender stem segments on the media.


As Lady Liberty stands guard on Liberty Island, NY, welcoming foreign nationals to our shores, thousands upon thousands of aliens hoping to secure legal status in the United States sit behind bars. Some have committed crimes deemed egregious enough to warrant removal from the United States, while others were held at the border because they declared their intentions to file for asylum and remain in the United States permanently for fear of persecution in their home country. The Supreme Court is scheduled to address this very issue in the upcoming case Jennings v. Rodriguez. Respondent Rodriguez represents a class made up of individuals incarcerated under several different statutes including 8 U.S.C. §§ 1226(c), 1225(b), and 1226(a), all of whom have been in prolonged custody without having any type


The present study compared cortisol response to two doses of synthetic ACTH stimulation in healthy dogs and those diagnosed with hyperadrenocorticism. The protocols consisted of single intramuscular injections of 0.1 ml normal saline vehicle control, 5 and 10 μg/kg synthetic ACTH (healthy animals), and 5 μg/kg and 250 µg/dog synthetic ACTH (dogs diagnosed with hyperadrenocorticism) sequentially with a 7-14 day interim between tests. The serum cortisol level of all animals was analyzed before and progressively after stimulation tests. In clinically healthy dogs, cortisol concentrations increased 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes after ACTH administration as a result of both doses (P < 0.001) and peaked 60 to 90 minutes post ACTH injection when compared to vehicle controls (P < 0.001); further, both ACTH doses were equally effective in eliciting a cortisol response 60 and 90 minutes post injection. In dogs with naturally occurring hyperadrenocorticism, cortisol concentrations pre- and post-ACTH stimulation were greater than reference controls, and both ACTH treatment concentrations elicited similar (P = 0.50) and correlated cortisol responses (P < 0.001, r = 0.98). We conclude ACTH stimulation using 5 μg/kg synthetic ACTH was effective in clinically healthy dogs and those diagnosed with hyperadrenocorticism.


Aims. We investigate the synthetic observational signatures generated from numerical models of coronal heating in an arcade in order to determine what features are associated with such heating and what tools can be used to identify them. Methods. We consider two simulations of coronal arcades driven by footpoint motions with di ff erent characteristic timescales. Forward modelling is then conducted, and the synthetic emission data are analysed (e.g., intensities, Doppler shifts, line widths and estimated kinetic energies). Results. The total intensity and Doppler shift perturbations clearly show the magnetic structure of the coronal arcade. Contrasts in the local Doppler velocity also highlight the locations of separatrix surfaces. The distinguishing feature of the models with short and long timescale photospheric motions (in comparison to the Alfvén travel time along a loop) is that of the frequencies. Through fast Fourier transform analysis of the Doppler velocities, it is clear that when short timescale footpoint motions are present, higher frequency perturbations are observed. For longer timescale footpoint motions, the dominant signal is that of lower frequencies; however, higher (but less powerful) frequencies were also detected, which matched the natural Alfvén frequency of the background magnetic field. Signatures of Alfvénic waves were identified in both models, with fast wave signatures observable when short timescale driving is present. Finally, we examine the estimates of the kinetic energy using the Doppler velocities and find it to be significantly underesti-mated within these models. Conclusions. All of the observables within this article behave as one would expect, given the evolution of the plasma parameters. Such features were, for example, Alfvén waves, fast waves, the arcade structure and separatrix surfaces. We were able to di ff erentiate between the two models by examining the frequencies present. The Doppler velocities cannot provide accurate estimates of the total kinetic energy or even the component parallel to the line-of-sight (LOS). This is due to some of the plasma being outside the formation temperature of the ion, the multi-directional driver limiting the proportion of the velocity aligned along the LOS, and cancellation of the velocity along the LOS. The exact impact each factor has on the estimation is dependent on the setup of the model and the emission line under investigation.


As an independent discipline, language testing is an important means of inspecting and assessing teaching effectiveness and learning outcomes. Construct validity is the basis for language testing, determining the purpose of the test and collecting evidences for inspecting the test effectiveness. For different test subjects, there will be a tendency to produce test bias, influencing the realization of construct validity. Scientific language testing requires testers in the test to avoid test bias reasonably and effectively, achieving construct validity and making the test more scientific.


PROBLEM: Seeds offer an efficient and cost-effective method for providing new plants for large-scale plantings and hence are used for the production of all major domesticated crop plants. Similarly, seed propagation offers the most cost-effective approach for restoring large, genetically diverse, self-maintaining populations of submersed aquatic plants. The successful use of seeds in submerged aquatic plant restoration has been limited because methods for the harvesting, processing, and sowing of seeds have been limited to a single species (e.g. Zostera marina). Techniques that have been successfully applied to this species are harvesting and transferring seed-bearing stems (Pickerell et al. 2005) and harvesting, isolating, and sowing seeds directly into locations proposed for restoration (Orth et al. 2003; Granger et al. 2002). Recently, protocols have been established for the harvest, processing, storage, and germination testing of other submersed aquatic plant species (Ailstock and Shafer 2006). A limiting factor for the efficient production of the large numbers of seeds contemplated by large-scale restoration has been the processing of large quantities of seed-bearing stems to isolate the seeds (Ailstock et al. 2010).


Humic substances (HS) are the humified organic matter fraction in soils and play a key role in various soil and plant functions. HS influence the adaptation of plants to conditions of environmental stress by increasing the nutrient availability. They also have a direct effect on plant metabolic processes related to growth and development. The biochemical and molecular mechanisms underlying these events are only partially known. HS have been shown to contain auxin and an "auxin-like" activity of humic substances has been proposed, but support to this hypothesis is fragmentary. In this review article, giving an overview Effect of humic substance on soil and plant system, with special emphasis on their hormone activities.


This paper investigates the thermal performance of different wide bandgap (WBG) materials for their applicability as semiconductor material in power electronic devices. In particular, Silicon Carbide (SiC) and Gallium Nitride (GaN) are modeled for this purpose. These WBG materials have been known to show superior intrinsic material properties as compared to Silicon (Si), such as higher carrier mobility, lower electrical and thermal resistance. These unique properties have allowed for them to be used in power devices that can operate at higher voltages, temperatures and switching speeds with higher efficiencies. Digital prototyping of power devices have facilitated inexpensive and flexible methods for faster device development. The commercial simulation software COMSOL Multiphysics was used to simulate a 2-D model of MOSFETs of these WBG materials to observe their thermal performance under different voltage and current operating conditions. COMSOL is a simulation software that can be used to simulate temperature changes due to Joule heating in the case of power MOSFETs. COMSOL uses Finite Element/Volume Analysis methods to solve for variables in complex geometries where multiple material properties and physics are involved. The Semiconductor and Heat Transfer with Solids modules of COMSOL were used to study the thermal performance of the MOSFETs in steady state conditions. The results of the simulations for each of the two WBG materials were compared with that of Silicon to determine relative stability and merit of each material.


A number of commentators have discussed and criticised Esping-Andersen's original classification. Some of the most important critiques have been related to the misspecification of states, including the Mediterranean countries, Australia, New Zealand, the UK and Japan. Others focus on the neglect of the gender dimension and methodological critiques associated with the decommodification index used by Esping-Andersen.


This paper presents measured rates of erosion on shore platforms at Kaikoura Peninsula, South Island, New Zealand. Surface lowering rates were measured with a micro-erosion meter and traversing micro-erosion meter. The mean lowering rate for all shore platforms was 1·130 mm a−1. Differences in lowering rates were found between different platform types and lithologies. The rate of surface lowering on Type A (sloping) mudstone platforms was 1·983 mm a−1, and 0·733 mm a−1 on Type B mudstone platforms (subhorizontal). On limestone platforms the lowering rate was 0·875 mm a−1. A previously reported cross-shore pattern of surface lowering rates from Kaikoura was not found. Rates were generally higher on the landward margins and decreased in a seaward direction. Season is shown statistically to influence erosion rates, with higher rates during summer than winter. The interpretation given to this is that the erosive process is subaerial weathering in the form of wetting and drying and salt weathering. This is contrary to views of shore platform development that have favoured marine processes over subaerial weathering. Copyright © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


In this chapter Jean Wainwright recounts her journey to 'find' Andy Warhol's voice which began in 1999. During her research she has had unprecedented access to over 3,600 tape recordings that Warhol made with his 'wife', as he called his tape recorder. These recordings were made from 1964 until his death in 1987 and are stored in Pittsburg.


A 13-year-old West-Indian girl with a 6-month history of an asymptomatic facial eruption is presented. Clinical examination revealed multiple monomorphic, skin-colored, aggregated papules, scattered around the mouth and nose, also involving the area immediately adjacent to the lip vermillion. Isolated lesions around the left eye were also present. Histopathological examination of a representative lesion revealed a perivascular and perifollicular lymphohistiocytic infiltrate in the upper half of the dermis as well as epithelioid histiocytes forming the core of granulomas enveloped by a mantle of lymphocytes and histiocytes. A therapeutic regimen including doxycycline 100 mg a day for two weeks and 2% metronidazole cream twice a day led to complete resolution of all skin lesions within four months. Although the condition appears to be much more common in prepubertal black children, the acronym FACE (facial Afro-Caribbean childhood eruption) does not take into account the occasional presence of this condition in other races or the occurrence of extrafacial lesions. It is likely that, despite minor clinical variations, separate diagnostic labels including granulomatous perioral dermatitis and granulomatous periorificial dermatitis have been used for what seems to be the same disease.


The mechanism of ecological effect of water cycling is investigated based on the analysis on the law of energy transfer in the process of hydrological cycling.The criteria for judging the relationship between evolution of ecological system and water cycling is suggested to classify the types of ecological water demand.The distribution of precipitation determines the basic configuration of ecological water demand in arid inland river region and external basin,and the stability of relationship between rainfall and runoff determines the differences of regional ecological water demand among semi-arid,semi-humid and humid region.The water ecosystem depending on surface water changes with the water amount,and its critical point is determined by the rich degree of runoff.The regional ecological water demand in China is classified into three types: water demand of arid area in inland river region,integrated water demand of semi-arid and semihumid area which connecting with groundwater and water demand in humid region.


In this study, ceramic water filter was prepared from Iraqi Local
porcelanite and White Kaolin with the ratio of 10% as a binder with natural additives "wheat
flakes." Ratios 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30%.

These materials are formed then fairing at 1200°C. The filters are environmentally
familiar materials and harmless. Carbon was included to some prepared filters by thermally being
treated at 950°C in the carbonation box to improve the performance and efficiency. After the filter
is prepared, an assessment was carried out (apparent porosity, water absorption, permeability, and
apparent density).

From the direct results, the apparent porosity, water absorption, and permeability were increased
tremendously along with the increasing of the W.F., and the apparent density is typically
decreased for the adaptive filter with or without carbon. The flowing water promptly passing
through the adaptive filters was carefully evaluated by testes such as TSS, TDS, PH, and turbidity.
The result was TSS in water, 6 mg/l, TSS in filter without carbon. 1 mg/l, TSS for filter with carbon
was decreased to 0 mg/L. Turbidity (NTU) for water 1.9 NTU, Turbidity for filter without carbon
was 0.71NUT, and Turbidity for the filters with carbon was decreased to 0.63 NUT. PH for water
was 7.75 PH for filter without carbon was 7.68, PH for filter with carbon was decreased to 7.33.

Filters with carbon are better than the filter without carbon for removing potential
contaminants from the filter without carbon. Desired results were properly obtained within the
Iraqi standard for drinking water.


This paper highlights a chronology of signicant historical events since pre-colonial times up to the present that have signicantly contributed to the conict in Southern Philippines. It also describes and analyzes the roots and causes of the conict and how these are being addressed at the moment both by the Philippine government and the different Islamic liberationist groups who are the main actors and players in the conict. This paper employs both historical and structural analysis to obtain a much broader and complete picture of the historical as well as socio-political, cultural, and economic realities reigning in the Southern Philippines. The study shows that the problem of conict in Mindanao is quite complex and complicated. Thus, it requires a much broader and careful understanding and analysis of the problem, as well as solutions that can be agreed upon by contending groups and factions toward a peaceful and negotiated approach to the Mindanao peace process.


In this paper, an automated microscopic instrument based on this technique is developed and used for the measurement and analysis of weak absorption properties of optical materials. This system shows a measuring sensitivity of absorbance down to 10 ppb, and provides user-friendly operation of the whole absorption measurement process. Compared with a typical bench-top system, the automated system requires little special skills from the operators and is therefore more reliable and reproducible. By using this system, a study of laser irradiation effects on optical materials induced by high power laser pulses is performed. The in-situ monitoring of a laser induced damage process at 355 nm in fused silica is realized, which indicates that the photothermal system is a useful tool for analysis of laser-material-interaction dynamics. Other specific applications of this system include measuring weak absorption, detecting local absorption defects. Experimental results show that both surface/sub-surface absorption defects on fused silica and bulk absorption defects on KDP are clearly determined.


In the urban hourly water consumption forecasting model,the application of gray model and BP neural network model were more extensive,but it had one's own advantages and disadvantages,the forecast accuracy was not the same.As an example of the southen city,based on the principles of the gray model and BP neural network model,forecasted the urban hourly water consumption and analyzed both forcasting error,and obtained that the BP neural net work model was suitable to forecast the hourly water consumption in this city.


The effect of doping MgB2 with carbon nanotubes on transition temperature, lattice parameters, critical current density and flux pinning was studied for MgB2−xCx with x=0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3. The carbon substitution for B was found to enhance Jc in magnetic fields but depress Tc. The depression of Tc, which is caused by the carbon substitution for B, increases with an increasing doping level, sintering temperature, and duration. By controlling the extent of the substitution and addition of carbon nanotubes we can achieve the optimal improvement on critical current density and flux pinning in magnetic fields while maintaining the minimum reduction in Tc. Under these conditions, Jc was enhanced by two orders of magnitude at 8 T and 5 K and 7 T and 10 K. Jc was more than 10 000 A/cm2 at 20 K and 4 T and 5 K and 8.5 T, respectively.


The invention relates to an optical detection method and computer-aided system for a plasma etching structure. The optical detection method comprises the following steps of: (S1) processing incident light from a light source into parallel polarized light, transmitting the parallel polarized light through a polarization maintaining optical fiber of an electrode, which is arranged on an etching machine table, and realizing vertical incidence of the parallel polarized light onto the structure to be measured; (S2) leading out reflected light on the structure to be measured via the polarization maintaining optical fiber and collecting a spectrum of the reflected light; and (S3) sending the collected spectrum to the computer-aided system to process so as to get actual parameters which are related to the structure to be measured. According to the optical detection method and computer-aided system disclosed by the invention, more related data of the etching structure can be obtained.