The hygiene hypothesis has stood the test of one decade of diverse investigations, all of which have suggested that factors associated with an affluent environment that reduce exposure to common infections increase the risk of atopy. Studies have included a suggestion that some forms of immunization might indirectly increase allergy risks by reducing frequency of infection. It is clear, however, that wide dissemination of such information would have immensely damaging effects on child immunization programmes, which would have far more adverse effects than allergy. This subject is reviewed in immense detail by Christoph Grüber and colleagues in an exhaustive sifting of the literature. One hopes that the eventual outcome will be the employment of some form of immunization against allergy. I am sure there will be many more papers on this topic in Pediatric Allergy and Immunology in the future. Dr Øymar has already published work in our Journal on eosinophil proteins in relation to asthma. He has moved from measuring serum eosinophil cationic protein to measuring urine eosinophil protein Xwhichwill, I am sure, prove a much more practical indirect measurement of allergic inflammation. In the rather small study, he shows that higher levels are found in children with acute exacerbation who have a persistence of problems two years later. However, overlap with other groups including controls limits the value of the measurement in individual patients. Other investigators have been developing analysis of induced sputum, markers of allergic inflammation, and a group from Japan publish a paper on this topic. This, like so many other studies on the topic, is cross-sectional. It has yet to be established whether any of the markers they investigated will have any prognostic value. It is clear that it is only in older children that eosinophilic inflammation becomes prominent. A key issue for the future is to identify what factors are associated with ongoing asthma in the young infant in the absence of eosinophilic inflammation. We publish two papers that look at issues related to hospitalization for asthma. One from Toronto investigates factors associated with reduced length of hospital admission. The most important finding is that availability of a delivery device at home had an impact on shortening stay and clearly this has implications for health care delivery. The study from Finland highlights the costs of hospitalization. Balancing the costs of regular preventive therapy against cost of admission, it is apparent that there are savings to be made in that admission rates were higher amongst those children who were not receiving regular preventive medication. This provides a second clear message for health care delivery. Finally, we publish an interesting paper on the association between cow's milk protein intolerance and chronic constipation. Of the 40 patients evaluated in this study, only 25 sustained a cow's milk-free diet, seven of whom improved. It is difficult on this basis to be certain of the exact percentage of children with such problems who will turn out to have a cow's milk protein-induced problem.Nevertheless, the study suggests that it is incumbent on pediatricians to consider cow's milk protein intolerance in children with laxative refractory constipation. J.O. Warner Editor-in-Chief Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2001: 12: 295


In the past few years, Saudi universities have boarded to utilize e-learning tools and technologies to expand and look up their educational services. After a few years of carrying out e-learning programs, a discussion took place within the directors, supervisors, executives and managers or decision makers of the e-learning associations regarding which activities are the most impact on the learning development for online students. This research is expected to inspect the impact of a number of e-learning actions on the students' learning development. The results show that involvement in virtual classroom sessions has the most considerable impact on the students' final scoring or grade. This paper presents the procedure of applying data mining methods to the web observing records of students' behaviors in a practical learning environment. The main idea is to rank the learning activities supported on their importance in order to develop students' performance by focusing on the most important ones.


Since interpretations of past and future oil price patterns depends on the model chosen, the author tests and compares alternative theories of OPEC as a first step in validating the choice on any one model. The results show that among OPEC countries, the partial market-sharing cartel model is the only model not rejected by at least some of the 11 members and gives the best explanation of production. In comparison with 11 non-OPEC countries, the competitive model could not be rejected for 10 of the 11 non-OPEC producers. This raises the question of why, if OPEC is a cartel, Friedman's predictions have not come true, and introduces new questions for future research. 19 references, 3 tables.


A ductile failure law and an energy-based failure criterion have been implemented in a 2D finite-element (FE) model to simulate the segmented chip formation process in titanium alloy (Ti–6Al–4V) machining. The variations of stress and strain are taken into account in defining the material failure criterion. The cutting forces and chip morphology calculated by FE model are compared with experimental results in good agreement, validating the FE model. Stresses, strains, cutting temperatures, and stiffness degradation along adiabatic shear bands (ASBs) are analysed during the segment formation process to investigate the segment formation mechanism. It is found that the variation trend of strains is the same as that of temperatures, in addition, the variation of strains and their changing-rate lag slightly behind those of temperatures. These observations provide a new evidence of thermoplastic instability along ASB and increase the understanding of segmented chip formation mechanism. Furthermore, simulation results show that ASB morphology and its forming mechanism are mainly caused by thermoplastic instability in primary deformation zone and friction characteristic in the second deformation zone.


A small electromagnetic emission experimental teaching system based on STM32F103 microcontroller and ultrasonic sensor is designed. Through electromagnetic launch theory analysis, the structure including the two - dimensional steering gear head and electromagnetic coil gun is designed. Ultrasonic wave is used for horizontal tracking and distance measurement of the target. Optimal launching angle is automatically calculated by STM32. After adjusting the firing angle of the gun barrel, the relay is turned on to discharge, and the projectile hits the target center. At the same time, the measured distance, charging voltage and emission angle is displayed on the TFT screen. The test results show that electromagnetic launch system can quickly complete the target search and location, and can reach preferable precision. The system has advantages in low cost, moderate difficulty and stable performance, and has potential value of experimental teaching and practical application.


This paper describes a breaker monitoring method and network control to avoid overstressing breakers during faults. The method is proposed as a control center application. Specifically, utilizing the real time model of the system, the expected fault current distribution is computed for each breaker. In case that faults are identified that will exceed the ratings of the breaker, the optimal reconfiguration and/or on-line generation is sought that eliminates this possibility. Many times the optimal reconfiguration may not be desirable or economical, in which case visualizations of the possible breaker overstress are generated and presented to the operator. In this case, it is expected that the operator may seek solutions based on his/her experience and knowledge of the system.


The theme of these four lectures is roughly "the history of, and some recent developments in, the study of algebraic geometry by analytic methods". Since this topic is much too broad I have chosen to isolate one particular analytic tool, the local notion of residue and subsequent global residue theorem, and will attempt to illustrate some ways in which residues may be used in both classical and modern problems in algebraic geometry. The first lecture begins with the definition and basic local and global properties of the point residue in several variables. Next, both as an application of one of these local properties and for use in the third lecture, we derive some theorems of Macaulay from the classical theory of polynomial ideals. Finally we discuss the global residue theorem for the projective plane, where it will turn out to pertain to the possible configurations of points arising as the intersection of two algebraic plane curves. The simpliest special case here is the Pascal theorem, with which we conclude the lecture. In the second talk we begin by deducing the classical form (which is in many ways more flexible than the modern version) of Abel's theorem, also from the global residue theorem for P2. This result is then applied to the inversion of the elliptic integral, with which much of modern algebraic geometry began and with which, at least on the number-theoretic side, it is still concerned with. Next we turn to two topics from elementary geometry. The first is the theorem of Poncelet which is given as an application of the elliptic integral, and the second is a recreational result shown to me by Joe Harris and Dave Morrison giving a geometric property of the cardioid as an application of Abel's theorem for singular curves. Now I said previously that the motif of these lectures was to be "residues", but from here on this should probably be amended to read "residues and Hodge theory". With this in mind the second lecture represents the beginnings of our new main theme, one which will now to some extent be formalized both for curves and for higher-dimensional varieties. Following a recollection of the highlights of the relationship between an algebraic curve and its Jacobian we give a very brief sketch of some aspects of Hodge theory for general varieties. Then we turn to smooth hypersurfaces in projective space where the relation between Hodge theory and residues turns out to be quite direct. For example, using Macaulay's theorem from the first lecture it


Identifying ground faults is a significant problem in ungrounded photovoltaic (PV) systems because such earth faults do not provide sufficient fault currents for their detection and location during system operation. If such ground faults are not cleared quickly, a subsequent ground fault on the healthy phase will create a complete short-circuit in the system. This paper proposes a novel fault location scheme in which high frequency noise patterns are used to identify the fault location. The high frequency noise is generated due to the switching transients of converters combined with the parasitic capacitance of PV panels and cables. Discrete wavelet transform (DWT) is used for decomposition of monitored signal (mid-point voltage of the converters) and features are extracted. Norm values of the measured waveform at different frequency bands give unique features at different fault locations and are used as the feature vectors for pattern recognition. Then, a three-layer feed- forward artificial neural networks (ANNs) classifier, which can automatically classify the fault locations according to the extracted features, is investigated. The proposed fault location scheme has been primarily developed for fault location in PV farm (PV panels and DC cables). The method is tested for ground faults as well as line-line faults. These faults are simulated with a real-time digital simulator (RTDS) and the data are then analyzed with wavelets. Finally, the effectiveness of the designed fault locator is tested with varying system parameters. The results demonstrate the proposed approach has accurate and robust performance even with noisy measurements and changes in operating conditions.


Pooling is an important part of modern convolutional neural networks, which can expand the perception field, reduce the parameter matrix, and avoid overfitting. Currently used maximum pooling, average pooling and various subsequent improved pooling algorithms cannot take into account the contour and background information of the feature map at the same time. In addition, the performance of different pooling algorithms varies greatly on different models and datasets. In this paper, we propose a learnable pooling algorithm. The introduction of learnable parameters allows the pooling layer to adaptively optimize the selection of key feature information that is beneficial to improve model performance during model training. It is experimentally verified that the pooling algorithm has superior performance over the existing maximum pooling and average pooling on several classical models and public datasets for image classification and text classification. The pooling algorithm with the introduction of learnable parameters can better prevent overfitting, steadily improve the accuracy of the model, and is highly generalizable.


In this reply we respond to comments made by Repetto et al and by Butokov on our letter (Burko 2010 Eur. J. Phys. 31 L71–7), in which we discussed two different results for the elastic potential energy of a string element. One derived from the restoring force on a stretched string element and the other from the work done to bring the string to a certain distorted configuration. We argue that one cannot prefer from fundamental principles the former over the latter (or vice versa), and therefore one may apply either expression to situations in which their use contributes to insight. The two expressions are different by a boundary term which has a clear physical interpretation. For the case of standing waves, we argue that the latter approach has conceptual clarity that may contribute to physical understanding.


New light and radial-velocity curves of V497 Cep, a binary in the open cluster NGC 7160, were obtained and the linear ephemeris of the system was refined to HJD (Min I) = (2 446 299:1596 0:0064)+ (1: d 2028287 0: d 0000015) E.T he first light and radial-velocity curve solutions allowed us to derive the basic physical properties of this astrophysically important binary. It was found that the observed light variation of V497 Cep consists of a strong ellipticity eect and a small contribution from grazing eclipses. A comparison of masses and radii of V497 Cep with theoretical evolutionary tracks indicates that both binary components are very close to the zero-age main sequence. A comparison of disentangled line profiles of the He I 6678 line with synthetic, rotationally broadened line profiles indicates that the rotation of both stars is synchronized with the orbital revolution as expected. This finding increases the credibility of our solutions. We find E(B V)= 0: 39. The distance to the cluster NGC 7160 was found to be about 760 (100) pc which agrees well with other available estimates.


Man is in danger because his control of power has increased so much more rapidly than have the coordinating mechanisms for handling it. ... If man is to utilize successfully the new resources at his disposal, to enhance his civilization rather than destroy it, he must apply the scientific attitude and method to human affairs to a degree hitherto undreamed of; the engines of civilization cannot be run by emotion and guess but require reason and foresight. We scientists and teachers, makers of the minds of men, have an especial obligation to foster this attitude. We must press, with our colleagues in other fields of knowledge, for every possible support and encouragement to create new social inventions, new and more efficient coordinating mechanisms in the epiorganism (or social organism).


CB6F1 mice infected with the nonlethal Plasmodium chabaudi chabaudi AS suffer parasitaemia levels up to 40% (full parasitaemia, FP) and develop both homologous and heterologous (against the lethal Plasmodium yoelii 17XL) protective immunity. However, if mice are treated with anti‐malarial drug when parasitaemia is below 10% (low parasitaemia, LP), they only develop homologous immunity. For the better understanding of this interesting dissociation related to the degree of parasitaemia, in this work, we studied the genetic expression of some cytokines. We found that during primary parasitaemia both FP and LP mice showed at first a TNF‐α, IL‐2 and IFN‐γ response which is followed by an IL‐4 and IL‐10 response. When FP and LP mice were challenged with either the homologous (FP + AS and LP + AS mice) or the heterologous parasite (FP + 17XL and LP + 17XL mice), we observed that LP + 17XL mice, which failed to develop heterologous immunity and succumbed to the challenge, showed a stronger IFN‐γ and a weaker IL‐10 expression than FP + 17XL mice, which developed heterologous immunity and survived the challenge. The importance and the possible implications of these findings are discussed.


Background: Retrograde type A dissection (RTAD) is a devastating complication of thoracic endovascular repair (TEVAR) with low incidence but high mortality. The objective of this study is to report the incidence, mortality, potential risk factors, clinical manifestation and diagnostic modalities, and medical and surgical treatments. Methods: A systematic review and single-arm and two-arm meta-analyses evaluated all published reports of RTAD post-TEVAR through January 2021. All study types were included, except study protocols and animal studies, without time restrictions. Outcomes of interest were procedural data (implanted stent-grafts type, and proximal stent-graft oversizing), the incidence of RTAD, associated mortality rate, clinical manifestations, diagnostic workouts and therapeutic management. Results: RTAD occurred in 285 out of 10,600 patients: an estimated RTAD incidence of 2.3% (95% CI: 1.9–2.8); incidence of early RTAD was approximately 1.8 times higher than late. Wilcoxon signed-rank testing showed that the proportion of RTAD patients with acute type B aortic dissection (TBAD) was significantly higher than those with chronic TBAD (P = .008). Pooled meta-analysis showed that the incidence of RTAD with proximal bare stent TEVAR was 2.1-fold higher than with non-bare stents: risk ratio was 1.55 (95% CI: 0.87–2.75; P = .13). Single arm meta-analysis estimated a mortality rate of 42.2% (95% CI: 32.5–51.8), with an I2 heterogeneity of 70.11% (P < .001). Conclusion: RTAD is rare after TEVAR but with high mortality, especially in the first month post-TEVAR with acute TBAD patients at greater risk as well as those treated with proximal bare stent endografts.


The window size of texture feature extraction has a significant impact on the accuracy of tree species classification. The forms of all texture features share an optimal extraction window, and different types of texture features use their independent optimal extraction windows, which is conducive to tree species classification. In this study, we used a RedEdge-MX image as the data source and a random forest to determine two forms of the best texture extraction windows and construct their own best texture feature set. Then, we combined the best texture feature sets with spectral bands and the digital surface model (DSM) to analyze the difference between the two best texture extraction forms in tree species classification. The results show that the classification accuracy of the best texture feature set was significantly different between the two extraction forms. The overall accuracy of the first extraction form was 79.6365% and that of the second extraction form was 81.8915%. When they are combined with a spectral band and the DSM, the classification accuracy of the latter was higher than that of the former (between 0.4295% and 2.2248%). Hence, in the classification of tree species, the construction of the best texture feature set should be determined by the best extraction window for each feature


IN 1 9 8 8 , SOCIAL RESEA RCH IN ITIATED A SE R IES OF R ECURRIN G ISSU E S on Central and East Europe, which then was part o f the extended Soviet empire. Our intention at the time was to publish the writings o f intellectuals and social scientists from the region who, because of the tight control o f the press then in place, were largely unknown in the West and thus not familiar to most of our readers. Not long after the publication of the first two issues in the series, the situation in the region dramatically changed-in 1990 the communist states collapsed and the transition to democracy began. As a consequence, we shifted our focus to the transition that was then under way, and the next five issues in the series addressed that subject. By 2002, when we published the tenth of these issues, the rationale for continuing to publish a series focused on Central and East Europe no longer made sense. The changes in the region seemed far enough along that they did not demand entire issues focused exclusively on them. Although we remained committed to continuing to publish articles by authors from the region about what is occurring there, we no longer believed that isolating them in special issues was appropriate. With the current issue, our series on "Transitions" sharply changes its focus. In this eleventh issue in the series, we turn our atten tion to the transition to democracy that followed the collapse o f the apartheid regime in South Africa. The issue was originally to be a cele bration of this transition 10 years after it began (in 1994), but given the time it takes to organize an issue, it turns out that we are celebrat ing that transition 11 rather than 10 years later. Readers of this issue


The optical responses of thin-film sensors based on metal–organic framework (MOF) materials can be further enhanced by incorporating them into optical resonators. This work presents an experimental demonstration of humidity sensing using optically lossy MOF integrated thin-film cavities that have sub-wavelength dimensions. Both experimental and simulated results reveal that the interaction between optical loss (the absorption part of the refractive index) in the MOF and the resonance in the cavity plays a crucial role in the sensing behavior.


A simple reversed flow injection system with minimal consumption of organic solvent has been developed for the spectrophotometric determination of anionic surfactant (AS) in water samples. The method is based on the ion-pair formation between anionic surfactant and Methylene Blue (MB) and its extraction to chloroform. Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) is used as a model anionic surfactant. The sample and MB solutions are each delivered by two peristaltic pumps and merged to form the ion-pair of AS and MB. Small amounts of chloroform (50 mm 3 ) are injected every 15 s to the merged solution. The ion-pair is extracted to the chloroform phase while the solution is passing through an extraction coil. The absorbance of both phases (aqueous and organic phases) is measured sequentially at 652 nm without phase separation. Analytical parameters such as extraction coil length and MB concentration have been optimized. The dynamic ranges of calibration curves (0.1 ~ 1 and 2 ~ 8 μmol dm -3 ) are selected depending on the analyte concentration by changing MB concentration. Calibration curves are linear (r 2 > 0.997) over the ranges; LOD (3.3 σ) is 0.054 μmol dm -3 . Relative standard deviations of repeated measurements are 2.44% (n = 8, CSDS = 1 μmol dm -3 ) and 1.46% (n = 7, CSDS = 8 μmol dm -3 ). The throughput rate of the measurement is 4 samples per minutes. The proposed method can be applied to the determination of anionic surfactant in river, pond and house sewage water samples.


Static secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) was applied for probing structural differences such as unsaturation and branching in the case of simple aliphatic hydrocarbon polymers (polyethylene, polypropylene and their copolymers). The parameter introduced for quoting surface amounts of branching is the percentage of C6 to C8 cluster emission relative to the sum of all C2 to C8 clusters. The ratio of the total emission of hydrogen-deficient fragments to the sum of all C2 to C8 clusters is found to be a good pointer for unsaturation, especially for probing vinyl bonds. While applied successfully to polymers of the same family, these pointers cannot provide structural information on polyethylene/polypropylene copolymer surfaces in a straightforward way. The chemical surface composition of these copolymers is correlated to the percentage of the m/z 69 fragment.


Abstract The report presents some results of experiments which were undertaken with the aim of determining reaction rate data in turbulent diffusion flames of industrial size, burning fuel oil and gas. After a description of the burner systems used, the choice of input parameters which would allow for the evaluation of reaction rate data from locally measured flame properties, is discussed. The change of carbon distribution along the flame axis, as a function of input conditions, is demonstrated, and an effective activation energy for soot formation in propane flame is derived.


After evaluation of several modern object-oriented methods for development of the computing systems for the PHENIX detector at RHIC, we selected the Shlaer-Mellor Object-Oriented Analysis and Recursive Design method as the most appropriate for the needs and development environment of a large nuclear or high energy physics detector. This paper discusses our specific needs and environment, our method selection criteria, and major features and components of the Shlaer-Mellor method.


A parametric family of bivariate Moran's distributions has the following properties: distributions of (X, Y) and (Y, X) are identical, marginal distributions are exponential, the regression of X on Y is linear and distribution of |X — Y| is exponential. In the paper an extension of this family is presented. The family contains distributions satisfying the above conditions and which are different from Moran's distributions for parameters.


Abstract A universal active biquad based on the second-generation current conveyors (CClls) is introduced. Arbitrary biquadratic transfer functions are realized with single output. With multiple outputs four sets of four different filter characteristics can be provided simultaneously. The filter parameters of all realizations are controllable by tuning grounded resistors. Analysis shows that the biquad has very low sensitivities and the tracking errors of CClls can be completely compensated by using associated resistors. In addition, all capacitors in the biquad are grounded, which is ideal for integration. The method of analysis and compensation of the CCII tracking errors proposed can also be used in other CClI-based signal processing circuits.


Abstract This article reports on a study carried out into the relationships between the component skills involved in practical work assessment. The skills concerned are observing, manipulating, planning, interpreting, reporting and self‐reliance. The literature relating to inter‐skill relationships is reviewed. Data derived from the study suggest that interpretation and planning skills are strongly related to one another, whereas performance on reporting, observation and self‐reliance skills are relatively distinct, both from one another and from all other component skills.


We consider a network model where bandwidth is fairly shared by a dynamic number of elastic and adaptive streaming flows. Elastic flows correspond to data transfers while adaptive streaming flows c...


Overuse and misuse of antibiotics has led to a public health crisis—a crisis we must pay attention to now, according to a report that will be published in the August issue of Consumer Reports.


Twenty human volunteers (patients) with diverse conditions causing chronic pain obtained good treatment with use of a painex delivery system containing 1, 8-cineole (1%), phenolic compounds and combined camphor ascorbic acid.


A study of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) from Cyclamen persicum Mill. (C. persicum) tubers was carried out to investigate its characteristics in terms of pH and temperature optima, kinetic parameters and effects of some inhibitors on its activity. Optimum pH for the PPO activities in the presence of catechol as a substrate were 4.0 and 7.0 and the optimum temperature was 40 0 C. It was found that the best substrate for the PPO was catechol, by considering the Km, Vmax, and Vmax/Km ratio (5.34) compared to catechin (1.67) and L-tyrosine (1.66). Six inhibitors of PPO activity were tested. The most potent inhibitor ( at 10 mM) was thiourea with relative activity 4.7% followed by sodium thiosulphate (9.3%), Lascorbic acid (11%) and L-cysteine (12%), while benzoic acid and citric acid showed poor potent activities with relative activities of 50% and 74.6%, respectively.


HIV voluntary counseling and testing(VCT) is a process in which people undergo counseling and enable himself or herself to make an informed choice about HIV testing.VCT services have been considered important as an entry point for prevention,treatment and care intervention for HIV/AIDS.The results of pilot experiment of VCT services in Jiangsu have showed that the public have strong demand.VCT services will play an active role in prevention of HIV/AIDS if VCT services could be rolled out to the whole province and intervention measures could be taken accordingly.


A Castroviejo caliper was modified, adding another caliper to one arm to be able to measure contemporaneously the amount of muscle recession and transposition.


The patient's mouth, larynx, and the compositions and methods of manufacture for soluble and insoluble drug-containing dosage form for non-invasive administration of drugs through the esophageal mucosal tissue. Dosage form, in a manner of dose and effect, such as doses sufficient to produce the desired effect are administered, particularly useful for transmucosal administration of drugs affecting the central nervous system. Soluble drug-containing dosage forms include soluble in the mouth of the patient a solid matrix formed binding agent, and a pharmacologically effective amount of an agent that affects the distributed central nervous system throughout the matrix. Insoluble drugs containing dosage form comprises a drug that affects the central nervous system that is incorporated into the drug encapsulation matrix, and the insoluble matrix which is insoluble in the mouth of the patient. Soluble and insoluble drug-containing dosage forms, the mouth in order to facilitate transmucosal absorption of the drug may contain larynx, and the permeation enhancer capable of modifying the permeability of esophageal mucosal tissues.


The effect of surface texture on the pass/fail colour tolerance region was estimated using acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene injection-molded plaques in three different colours and with different surface textures. Variations in the measured colour coordinates due to differences in texture for three selected colours were observed using the specular component excluded mode (SCE) of the spectrophotometer. Such variations could not, however, be clearly distinguished in the specular component included mode. The colour tolerance regions were assessed through a combination of colour measurement and a psychometric study involving 35 observers. The limits of acceptance of colour differences varied substantially with the surface texture. In some cases, the observers accepted a larger colour difference for the textured than for the smooth surface, whereas in other cases, the reverse situation was noted. Thus, no general conclusion regarding the influence of texture on the tolerance region can be drawn, since the acceptable differences were colour- and/or surface texture-dependent. In the case of textured surfaces, measurements made in the SCE mode of the spectrophotometer appear to be more meaningful for assessing perceived colour differences and tolerance regions. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 32, 47–54, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/col.20284


A copper immobilized ferromagnetic nanoparticle triazine dendrimer (FMNP@TD–Cu(II)) has been demonstrated for the first time as a recoverable and reusable heterogeneous nanocatalyst in the click synthesis of 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles by a one-pot three component reaction of halides, sodium azides and alkynes under mild conditions. The catalyst is very easy to handle and is environmentally safe and economical. FMNP@TD–Cu(II) was characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), FT-IR and EDX methods.


Analysing the formation of a political subjectivity among swedish urban justice activists the authors discuss resistance against cultural stigmatization and social exclusion. An emergent critical p ...


A microfocus x-ray tube is useful to perform magnification digital radiography, including phase-contrast effects. The 100-m-focus x-ray generator consists of a main controller for regulating the tube voltage and current, and a tube unit with a high-voltage circuit and a fixed anode x-ray tube. The maximum tube voltage, current, and electric power are 105 kV, 0.5 mA, and 50 W, respectively. Using a 3-mm-thick aluminum filter, the x-ray intensity is 26.0 Gy/s at 1.0 m from the source, with a tube voltage of 60 kV and a current of 0.50 mA. Because the peak photon energy is approximately 35 keV using the filter with a tube voltage of 60 kV, the bremsstrahlung x-rays are absorbed effectively by iodine-based contrast media with an iodine K-edge of 33.2 keV. Magnification angiography is performed by three-fold magnification imaging with a computed radiography sys-tem using iodine-based microspheres 15 m in diameter. In angiography of nonliving animals, we observe fine blood vessels approximately 100 m with high contrasts.


Numerous changes occurring within the profession of agricultural education are prompting agricultural educators to explore the advantages of delivering credit instruction via distance education technologies. In this regard, the Agricultural Satellite Corporation (AG*SAT), a consortium of primarily land grant universities, commissioned a study to assess the opportunities for institutions to deliver more agricultural and natural resources instruction via the AG*SAT network. The findings of this assessment indicate that these institutions want to deliver more instruction via satellite. This instruction focuses primarily upon emerging topics and areas in which the universities have limited capacity to fulfill. The findings provide numerous implications and opportunities for agricultural educators. America's colleges of agricultural sciences that have a land grant mission are expected to deliver outreach to clientele. To date, such outreach has occurred primarily through the Cooperative Extension System that has an office in most counties. This outreach has traditionally included (1) nonformal education not leading to an academic degree and (2) research generated by experiment station scientists. Rarely has this outreach included credit courses taught by agricultural sciences faculty away from the main campus. However, because of advances occurring in communication technologies, these colleges are increasingly exploring strategies to reach larger numbers of students and clientele. Consequently, most land grant as well as nonland grant institutions offering degrees in agriculture are exploring approaches to deliver credit instruction at sites far removed from their main campuses.


A four-field mixed variational principle is proposed for large deformation analysis of Kirchhoff rods with a $C^0$ mixed FE approximations. The core idea behind the approach is to introduce a one-parameter family of points (the centerline) and a separate one-parameter family of orthonormal frames (the Cartan moving frame) that are specified independently. The curvature and torsion of the curve are related to the relative rotation of neighboring frames. The relationship between the frame and the centerline is then enforced at the solution step using a Lagrange multiplier (which plays the role of section force). Well known frames like the Frenet-Serret are defined only using the centerline, which demands higher-order smoothness for the centerline approximation. Decoupling the frame from the position vector of the base curve leads to a description of torsion and curvature that is independent of the position information, thus allowing for simpler interpolations. This approach is then cast in the language of exterior calculus. In this framework, the strain energy may be interpreted as a differential form leading to the natural force-displacement (velocity) pairing. The four-field mixed variational principle we propose has frame, differential forms, and position vector as input arguments. While the position vector is interpolated linearly, the frames are interpolated as piecewise geodesics on the rotation group. Similarly, consistent interpolation schemes are also adopted to obtain finite dimensional approximations for other differential forms aswell. Using these discrete approximations, a discrete mixed variational principle is laid out which is then numerically extremized. The discrete approximation is then applied to benchmark problems, our numerical studies reveal an impressive performance of the proposed method without numerical instabilities or locking.


I. Confounded by generalities, pages of equations aside the bed, eye glasses, and a pen. Twelve pages in all, recipes for the void expanding like poured batter, his celestial pancake, or better, a strudel, sugary ribbons atop airy dough. What more could a mortal want at this hour? To taste life, bite every morsel, great gulps, then disappear, traveling at the speed of light beyond the light, to where the light begins. II. Bodies in motion tend to stay in motion until great arteries surge in diameter, blow up like a child's balloon, Newtonian faithful. The law of Laplace fill them, at last, ready to float away. III. What is mortality to an immortal? What does time of death mean to one Who found time relative? The pen drops to the ground, fulfilling gravity's promise. Physical beings learn physical laws, then physical laws make no exceptions. IV. Soon after midnight, what she thinks is midnight, the Princeton nurse rounds, finds the professor pulseless, checks her watch, notes time of death. Above his head, the halo of a clock, its hands wave madly, as at a train station, for the planned rendezvous and reunion, hands pantomime, as if to pronounce Here I Am. * Albert Einstein (18791955) died on 18 April 1955 in Princeton Hospital of a ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm. Audio. Virginia L. Hood, MD, Annals Associate Editor, reads "Einstein's Last Equation*," by B. Salomon.


Tampa Electric Company will utilize Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle technology for its new Polk Power Station Unit [number sign]1. The project is partially funded under the Department of Energy Clean Coal Technology Program Round III. This paper describes the technology to be used, process details, demonstration of a new hot gas clean-up system, and the schedule, leading to commercial operation in July 1996.


This document describes the integrated satellite-acoustic telemetry (iSAT) system: an autonomous modular system for tracking the movements of large pelagic fish using acoustic telemetry and satellite communications. The sensor platform is described along with the propulsion and navigation systems. An application for tracking the whale shark (Rhincodon typus) in the Red Sea is included along with a discussion of the technical difficulties that such a system faces.


There has been an increased interest and discussion around oscillometric blood pressure variability across the use of different BP measurement modalities and technology. Recent publications have referenced the BP variability as Very short term, short term, mid term and long term variability with each variability associated with a specific BP modality. The scientific and medical working groups have referenced the importance of capturing replicate readings during a standard clinic assessment. An area which has not received as much focus is on the assessment of BP variability within a standard clinic assessment with replicate readings. This becomes of specific interest during the conduct of a clinical trial where BP assessment can be a primary efficacy endpoint (hypertension drug development) or safety (Draft FDA Pressor guidance). This abstract will approach this specific area by providing examples and analysis from recent clinical trials which incorporated standardized clinic BP technology and automated sequence of BP readings across the study population. Each of the studies implemented a different sequence of readings and visit averaging function which will also be expanded upon in the presentation as to developing industry and scientific guidelines. Through this abstract and presentation the attendee will be provided present approaches to clinic/office based assessment in clinical trials and decisions around implementation strategies to address observed variability.


For high performance Grid environments, an effective GIS(Grid Information System) should be adopted. In the design of GIS architecture, its grid resource information model provides a key basis. This paper presents our study on the exploration of a high performance grid resource information model. According the exploration, we identified the followings. The resource information model should clearly address the issues of relation descriptions as well as resource descriptions, issues related to scheduling support, the issue of decoupling the expression model of resource information from data repository models, and finally the issue of decoupling user-level resource descriptions from system-level resource descriptions. Based on the proposed conceptual organization of resource information models, analysis result for the existing resource information models are presented.


This article presents a study of Single Photon Avalanche Diodes (SPAD) implemented in 28nm Fully Depleted Silicon-On-Insulator (FD-SOI) CMOS technology based on transient TCAD simulations. The integration of SPAD in this technology is currently being studied. This work allows for a better understanding of the mechanism behind the quite high Dark Count Rate (DCR) measured at relative low excess bias voltages with the previous FD-SOI SPAD design. In this study, TCAD transient simulation methodology is introduced to better understand SPAD behavior during the avalanche process. TCAD simulations revealed that Shallow Trench Isolation (STI) structures in the active area have a negative effect on avalanche quenching, because of slower carrier evacuation with possible occurrence of secondary avalanches in series. Based on this analysis, we propose a new SPAD architecture to achieve a lower DCR.


We send the reader to [9] for considerations and references concerning the case of "moderate singular" potentials corresponding to r ∈ (0, 2). Notice that our purpose, as already indicated in the title of the paper, is to prove the existence and uniqueness of a suitable class of solutions of ∗Instituto de Matemática Interdisciplinar & Dpto. de Matemática Aplicada, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza de las Ciencias, 3, 28040 Madrid, Spain †Université de Poitiers, Laboratoire de Mathématiques et Applications UMR CNRS 7348 SP2MI, France. Bd Marie et Pierre Curie, Téléport 2, F-86962 Chasseneuil Futuroscope Cedex, France ‡corresponding author : email@example.com


The present invention discloses a system and method for quantifying the presence of a nucleic acid sequence by the evaluation of the amplified data generated by using real-time PCR. In one aspect, the method based on the evaluation of the exponential region and baseline region for each amplification reaction, may be adapted to identify thresholds and threshold cycle for one or more reactions. The methodology used in the analysis may be easily automated, so that the subject user interpretation of data, or substantially reduced, or is reduced.


As the marketplace is becoming more dynamic and businessmen are becoming more aware of the importance of forecasting in decision-making, the organizational structure, business philosophy, corporate culture, and level of senior management's support for this function are changing. With that, the landscape of forecasting is changing. Changes are being experienced in corporate culture and business environment, public perception about forecasting, forecasters, approach to forecasting, uses of forecasts and technology. CORPORATE CULTURE AND BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT We are currently experiencing enormous changes in corporate culture and business environment. Command and control strategy for managing business is giving way to autonomous business units with power to develop and implement their own policies. The silo-based strategy is being replaced by collaboration and knowledge sharing not only within an enterprise but also with customers and suppliers. New products are no longer developed in isolation by one department but by a team of experts from different departments. Furthermore, there is now increasing pressure from top management to convert data into knowledge so that better decisions can be made. The current technology has provided massive amount of data, but not enough efforts are being made to translate the data into intelligence. The changes in corporate culture and environment are causing changes in the way forecasts are prepared and communicated. The breaking down of functional silos has given rise to collaboration both within and outside the enterprise. There is now more openness among different functions than ever before. More and more decisions are now made collectively rather than individually. The SO if there is a gap between supply and demand, decide on the action plan to match them; and determine capacity needs. The programs such as VMI (Vendor Managed Inventory Program) and CPFR (Collaborative Planning, Forecasting and Replenishment) grew from the spirit of collaboration. Under both these programs, retailers not only provide access to point-of-sale data but also agree to share information about changes in their store layout, opening and closing of stores, promotional plans, and forecasts. At present, Retail Link, Wal-Mart's electronic data interchange system, provides weekly forecasting data to more than 3500 of its 5000 vendors. If vendors know what is happening on the consumer end, as well as what retailers are planning to do, they can do a better job in preparing forecasts. PERCEPTION ABOUT FORECASTING Perception about forecasting is also changing. Although businesses have been using forecasts all along, they never called them as such. They prepare a budget, which is based on some estimates about the future. They prepare a production plan (how much to produce, and when and where), which is also based on some estimates about the future. In fact, every business decision is based on some expectations about the future. Businesses are now beginning to recognize forecasts and their need in decision-making. Forecasts can be prepared intuitively (based on gut feeling) or systematically using a well-structured procedure. In the past, forecasts were mostly prepared intuitively. With this kind of process, forecasters are less likely to know where they went wrong. But if they were prepared systematically, using set procedures and processes, forecasters would have a better chance of recognizing the problem and then fixing it. More and more companies are now moving in the direction of preparing forecasts systematically. FORECASTERS Forecasting is not new, we have been doing it from time immemorial. What is new is a change in people involved in forecasting. …


The developmental literature contains studies that indicate disabilities limit verbal and non-verbal communication skills (Akoglu & Acarlar, 2014; Miller & Paul, 2000) and Owens (1984) suggests that syntax comprehension might underlie the challenges in language comprehension. There are also studies that show syntactic skills develop in parallel with vocabulary and other receptive/expressive language skills (Moyle et al., 2007; Tomblin & Zhang, 2006). Therefore, it is imperative to investigate the characteristics of syntax comprehension skills specific to different diagnostic groups. The study was aimed at identifying possible differences in the syntax comprehension performance of individuals with typical development (TD), specific learning disability (LD) and mild intellectual disability (Mild ID) matched according to chronological age. The participants of the study comprised 12 TD children (6 female, 6 male) attending elementary school, and 12 Mild ID children (5 female, 7 male) and 12 LD children (4 female, 8 male) attending special education and rehabilitation centers in Ankara city center. The participants matched by chronological age (Mean=133.64 months; S=24.66) had not been diagnosed with any physical, neurological and/or sensory disability. The Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (Katz, Demir, Onen, Uzlukaya, & Uludag, 1972) and the Complex Syntax Comprehension Skills Assessment Tool (Akoglu & Acarlar, 2014; Akoglu, 2014) were used in the assessment of the participants' receptive language skills and syntax comprehension performances, respectively. The Kolmogorov–Smirnov test was used to test the study data for normality of distribution (p>.05). Correlation analysis revealed a strong positive correlation of the TD children's syntax comprehension performance with both their chronological age (r=.821, p<.05) and receptive language raw scores (r=742, p<.05), and a strong positive correlation of the Mild ID and LD children's syntactic comprehension performance with their receptive language skills (r=676, p<.05; r=.739, p<.05; respectively). The results of the One-Way ANOVA test conducted for the comparison of syntax comprehension performance by diagnostic groups indicated a statistically significant difference between the TD, Mild ID and LD children's mean scores (F(2,33)=24.10, p<.01). The results of the Dunnett-C test performed to identify the source of the difference showed that the TD children's mean score (Mean=29.16, S=2.36) was greater than LD (Mean=28.58, S=2.46) and Mild ID (Mean=20.25, S=5.04) children's mean scores, in order of magnitude. The study results will be discussed in regard of the possible effects of intellectual disabilities on syntax comprehension


In this paper, numerical results on two-dimensional vapor–liquid equilibrium calculated by lattice Boltzmann method have been presented. Artefacts resulted by the finite lattice-size have been reviewed. A set of criteria for minimal lattice-size to avoid lattice artefacts is given.


Background The number of mobile health (mHealth) apps released for musculoskeletal (MSK) injury treatment and self-management with home exercise programs (HEPs) has risen rapidly in recent years as digital health interventions are explored and researched in more detail. As this number grows, it is becoming increasingly difficult for users to navigate the market and select the most appropriate app for their use case. It is also unclear what features the developers of these apps are harnessing to support patient self-management and how they fit into clinical care pathways. Objective The objective of this study was to scope the current market of mHealth apps for MSK rehabilitation and to report on their features, claims, evidence base, and functionalities. Methods A cross-sectional study of apps for MSK rehabilitation was performed across the iTunes App Store and Google Play Store. Four search terms were used, namely, physiotherapy rehabilitation, physical therapy rehabilitation, rehabilitation exercise, and therapeutic exercise to identify apps, which were then cross-referenced against set selection criteria by 4 reviewers. Each reviewer, where possible, downloaded the app and accessed supplementary literature available on the product to assist in data extraction. Results A total of 1322 apps were identified. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria and removing duplicates, 144 apps were included in the study. Over half (n=81, 56.3%) of the included apps had been released within the past 3 years. Three quarters (n=107, 74.3%) of the apps made no reference to evidence supporting the design or efficacy of the app, with only 11.1% (n=16) providing direct citations to research. Most of the apps did utilize exercise pictures (n=138, 95.8%) or videos (n=97, 67.4%); however, comparatively few harnessed additional features to encourage engagement and support self-management, such as an adherence log (n=66, 45.8%), communication portal (n=32, 22.2%), patient-reported outcome capture (n=36, 25%), or direct feedback (n=57, 39.6%). Of note and concern, many of these apps prescribed generic exercises (n=93, 64.6%) in the absence of individualized input to the user, with few providing specific patient education (n=43, 34%) and safety advice or disclaimers (n=38, 26.4%). Conclusions The cohort of apps included in this study contained a large heterogeneity of features, so it is difficult for users to identify the most appropriate or effective app. Many apps are missing the opportunity to offer key features that could promote exercise adherence and encourage self-management in MSK rehabilitation. Furthermore, very few developers currently offering products on the market are providing evidence to support the design and efficacy of their technologies.


The introduction of ultrasound (US), computerized tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) over the past three decades has revolutionized medicine by markedly improving our ability to accurately diagnose and understand a wide range of disorders. In more recent years, advances and refinements in these imaging modalities has brought them into the operating room environment, where surgeons and interventional radiologists can use them to perform image-guided procedures that replace much more invasive open operations.


Abstract In this study, we investigate the self-diffusion coefficient, the shear viscosity and the thermal conductivity of a single-component system interacting via a Gaussian core (GC) potential. The transport properties are studied by means of the Green-Kubo formulas calculated from molecular dynamics simulation. We show that, for certain state conditions, anomalous behaviour occurs for the diffusivity and the shear viscosity. Therefore, the Stokes-Einstein relation is violated for the GC fluid. We do not find anomalous behaviour for the thermal conductivity. We develop an equation of state for the deviation of the ideal gas pressure and we derive the excess entropy from this equation. Depending on the phase space region, the excess entropy also shows anomalous behaviour. We discuss recently developed scaling relationships between excess entropy and transport properties. Because the GC potential is bounded, these relationships do not work properly for the GC fluid. Using new empirical scaling relations we are able to fit the diffusion coefficient within one single master curve for the whole density and temperature range we have simulated. We were also able to find a single master curve for the viscosity, but only for state conditions where the classical Stokes-Einstein relation is valid.


The history of the Diocesan Museum in Plock presented here shows a long process of forming this institution. The origin of the Diocesan Museum in Plock is closely connected with the restoration of the Holy Virgin Mary Cathedral. After its completion it was decided that the remaining architectonic fragments that cannot be used in the cathedral in a practical way should be secured; it was the same with the objects that were withdrawn from use for cult purposes. In this situation a project was conceived to build a lumber-room. Stefan Szyller, who was also the restorer of the Plock cathedral, was appointed the main architect. The construction was begun in 1903. In its outward appearance the building reminds of the cathedral. It was the first one in the Polish land to be designed as a diocesan museum building from the very beginning. As soon as 1929-1930 it was enlarged and reconstructed due to the growing collection. The recent improvements took place in 1997 when the cellars were adapted to be used as storerooms and preservation studios.


Presents papers from the Second International Symposium organized by AFASIC - The Association For All Speech Impaired Children - an association of parents and professionals seeking to advance knowledge and management of children and young people with speech and language impairments.


Calcium scores of the coronary arteries (CCS) and – more recently – of the the thoracic aorta (TCS), have been established as risk markers for cardiovascular events. Yet, little is known about the relationship between these two calcium scores.
 In this study, CCS and TCS were compared in 1010 patients with a normal SPECT. Mean age was 64.5±8.7 yrs with 73.4% of men. CCS and TCS ranged between 0 and 5827 for CCS and from 0 to 58600 for TCS, with means of 281.1 and 1206 respectively. Such a difference was expected since the vascular surface of the thoracic aorta is approximately 5 times larger than that of the coronary arterial tree. Both CCS and TCS increased with the number of risk factors (p=0.000841 and p=0.000579)
 No significant relation was found between CCS and TCS for the entire group. However, when adopting a best-fitting curve model, 2 populations could be clearly identified: those with predominant TCS (N=552), and those with a- relatively- predominant CCS – (N=458).
 In each of these two groups, CCS and TCS were significantly related (r=0.63 and 0.69 respectively p<2.2e-12). Both groups had a comparable exposition to smoking and diabetes, but Group1 patients had more dyslipemia and high blood pressure than group 2 patients.

 Calcified atheroma was frequently observed In patients with a normal SPECT, but no significant relation existed between CCS and TCS; patients with a predominant atheroma of the coronary arteries were not the same than patients with a predominant atheroma of the aorta, with both groups having different expositions to risk factors. This suggests that atheroma of the coronary arteries and of the thoracic aorta are close but not identical diseases.


Primary cardiac sarcomas are rare tumors with unfavorable prognosis. We report a 69-year-old male with a right ventricular mass diagnosed as primary malignant cardiac sarcoma with unexpected long survival of 16.5 months.


The purpose of this text is to reflect on the ar- tistic work Serie Cartografia do Meio (Cartography of the Medium Series). The work consists in photographing places with the words meio or meia in their name, trying to bring to the surface the characteristics of the names of these pla- ces to photographic images of them. To do so, an attempt was made to think about the idea of meio (medium) which in Portuguese also means half, as well as center. The reflec- tions extend to thinking about the photographic medium, a place as a living environment and the newspaper as a medium of presentation and circulation of the photographs made. The text also makes some general comments about the repetitions and recurrences of the semi-visual concept in the author's artistic production.


SUMMARY OBSERVATIONSABOUTTHEFISHES OF THEBOLIVIANPARTOFTITICACALAKE.I.EN~IR~N~~ENT~ANDPOPULATIONS Titicaca Lake cari be divided in 6 areas: the deep area, the medium depth area, the Chara area, the Totora (Schoenoplectus tatora) area, the sedimentary littoral area and the rocky littoral area. Two species only are known froc the deep area, Salmo gairdneri and Orestias ispi. The benthic part of the medium depth area is caracterized by the presence of Orestias mulleri. The pelagic zone between the 50 m isobath and the toforas is swimmed through by Orestiasagassii, 0. ispi and Basilic.hthys bonariensis. In the vegetal belt, 4 species ale plentiful: Orestias agassii, 0. luteus, Basilichthys bonariensis, and 0. olivaceus.


ABSTRACT On the way to a new world order we do not yet know, disorder is the new normal. The world is in a state of flux. Six features are particularly noteworthy. (1) Sovereign states are reemphasized and reconfirmed as the basic building blocks of international affairs. (2) Trade and technology wars and economic sanctions have moved to the top of the international agenda. (3) International norms, institutions, and agreements are falling apart. (4) Geopolitically, the tense relationship between the United States and China is increasingly dominant. (5) New technologies nurture new forms of influence and capacities for violence. (6) Inherent in all of this, international affairs have become more unpredictable. Such a world does not leave many options for cooperative action. In the military field, states have returned to unilateral security policies as primitive as those of the Cold War. There is one overriding common concern, however: to avoid nuclear war. To this end, stability measures – the primary objective of arms control – are of the essence. The need for a global framework for responsible nuclear conduct, arms control, and disarmament, realistic enough to gain traction while capturing the aspiration of a world free of nuclear dangers, is at least as strong as 60 years ago, when arms control was first introduced.


The invention provides a middle and high grade cold rolled no-orientation silicon steel and its manufacturing method. The components of the no-orientation silicon steel are that: C of 0.0015 per cent to 0.005 per cent Si of 1.60 per cent to 3.30 per cent Mn of 0.50 to 2.50 per cent P of no more than 0.050 per cent S of 0.0010 per cent to 0.0050 per cent Al of 0.15 per cent to 0.50% N of 0.0010 per cent to 0.0050 per cent, small amount of Sn, Sb, Cu can be added, total mount is less than 0.20 per cent, the remainder are Fe and unavoidable foreign matters and Mn per cent is equal to k multiplied by |Si plus 2Al-2.05|per cent plus 0.28 per cent, wherein, k is equal to 1.0 to 3.0. The manufacturing method is that: hot rolling, pickling, cold rolling and annealing the cast blanks of the components. The heating temperature for the cast blanks at hot rolling is 1050 to 1200 DEG C, the rolling passes are 3 to 5 no.s, the pressure-down rate is 20 to 40 per cent for each pass; the temperature for fine and final rolling temperature is 800 to 900 DEG C, coiling temperature is 600 to 680 DEG C, and the annealing is done in a dry protective atmosphere. The method has low process difficult, low cost and high product surface quality.


A lot of overseas students from East Hubei took part in the Revolution of 1911, recruiting members, disseminating democratic ideas, planning uprisings and even organizing the uprisings. They made a great historic contributions to the foundation of the Republic of China.


Statement of Problem The purpose of this study is to examine the ideologies of peace organizations in the United States from 1919 to 1939 in the light of changing and important world events, to trace the degree to which the purposes and programs of these organizations have re mained static or have been changed to meet shifting needs arising out of world crises, and to study, in the light of these world events, the techniques used by peace or ganizations in their appeal either to the masses or to the intellectuals.


Previous laboratory-based research has found phonological memory to significantly affect the perception of non-native speech sounds (Inceoglu, 2019). The present study aims to bolster findings reported in Inceoglu (2019) and provide support for the efficacy of online research by replicating the study's laboratory-based research in an online setting. Data were collected from 32 native English-speaking learners of French (12 male, 20 female; mean age: 33 years old) online using the Prolific data collection platform (www.prolific.com). The study consisted of two major components: an L2 French nasal vowel identification task (Inceoglu, 2019) and a nonword repetition task designed to assess phonological memory (Anderson, 2012; Grey et al., 2015; Inceoglu, 2019; Kissling, 2014). Results of a simple linear regression revealed that participants with higher scores on the nonword repetition task (indicative of better phonological short-term memory) were significantly likely to perform more target-like on the nasal vowel identification task than those with lower scores (t = 12.57; p < 0.001). These findings not only replicate the original results outlined in Inceoglu (2019), but they also support the efficacy of online research. The latter finding is crucial as research begins to adjust to accommodate a more socially distanced world.


In this work we report measurements of atmospheric pollutants in Puebla City, including those registered during the period characterized by intense volcanic activity from Popocatepetl volcano between December 2000 and January 2001. We used a gaussian air dispersion model to calculate the impact of sulfur compounds from volcanic emissions on the measurements of these compounds in the stations belonging to Puebla City


This article explores the social construction of violence within the front-line context of job centres in the Employment Service (ES). The issue of violence within organizations is typically approached using positivistic methods. In contrast, this article deepens understandings of violence in organizations by using an interpretive approach. Through an analysis of data generated through an in-depth case study, this article argues that although ES front-liners experienced much of customer behaviour as violent, this high level of violence was systematically denied by the organization. In effect, the formal organization constructed violence in such a way that it was rendered invisible. This article examines not only how management, formal policies and procedures construct violence as invisible, but also the role of the staff themselves as active agents in the social construction of violence out of the workplace.


FIELD: medical engineering. SUBSTANCE: device has tubular wire carcass having distal and proximal ends and central lumen passing through the prosthesis. The carcass has at least the first and the second tubular segments adjacent in axial direction. Each tubular segment has a number of proximal and distal bends. The tubular segments are connected to connecting member passing between them. The first and the second segments and the connecting member are manufactured from the same wire piece. The first distal bend in the first tubular segment is connected at least to the first proximal bend in the second tubular segment. The first proximal and the first distal bends have loop. EFFECT: enhanced effectiveness of treatment; improved functional characteristics. 43 cl, 22 dwg


HL 5 Pressure Dependence of the Ferromagnei}.c, Curie Temp- erature in Single Crystal EuB 6: C. N. GUY+, S. VON MOLNAR, J. ETOURNEAu++, IBM T. J. Watson Res. Cntr., Yarktown Heights, NY 10598 and Z. FISK, U.C. Sa~ego, La Jolla\. CA ~-- We report a large positive pressure dependence of tDe magnetic ordering temperature, Tc• with 6 T cl (T c6P) -4 x 1 o:- kbar- , obtained using a SQUID magnetometer with a pressure cell similar to that of Wohlleben and Maple 1• This value is larger than comparable results for, e.g. doped. Eu-chalcogenides 2 . We also demonstrate that the indirect exchange mechanism appli- cable in the c~se of. Eu-chalcogenides 3 is insufficient to account for the magnitude of that pressure shift. +Permanent Address: Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College, London SW7 2BZ ++Permanent Address: Laboratoire de Chimie du Solide du CNRS, U. Bordeaux I, 33405 Talence Cedex, France. D. Wohlleben and B. Maple, Rev. Sei. Instrum. 42, 1573 (1971) . B. E. Argyle, N. Miyata and T . D . Schultz, P.R. 160 (2), 413 (1967). T. Kasuya, IBM J . Res. Develop. 14 (3 ), 214 (1970).


19 Monsoon inversion (MIs) over Arabian Sea (AS) is one of the important characteristics 20 associated with the monsoon activity over Indian region during summer monsoon season. In the 21 present study, we have used five years (2009 - 2013) data of temperature and water vapor 22 measurements obtained from satellite sounder instrument, Infrared Atmospheric Sounding 23 Interferometer (IASI) onboard MetOp satellite, besides ERA - Interim data, to study their 24 characteristics. The lower atmospheric data over the AS have been examined first to identify the 25 areas where monsoon inversions are predominant and occur with higher strength. Based on this 26 information, a detailed study has been made to investigate their characteristics separately in eastern 27 AS (EAS) and western AS (WAS) to examine their contrasting features. The initiation and 28 dissipation times of MI, their percentage occurrence, strength etc., has been examined using the huge 29 data base. The relation with monsoon activity (rainfall) over Indian region during normal and poor 30 monsoon years is also studied. WAS ∆T values are ~ 2 K less than those over the EAS, ∆T being 31 temperature difference between 950 and 850 hPa. A much larger contrast between WAS and EAS in 32 ∆T is noticed in ERA-Interim dataset vis a vis those observed by satellites. The possibility of 33 detecting MI from another parameter, refractivity N, obtained directly from another satellite constellation of GPS RO (COSMIC), has also been examined. MI detected from IASI and Atmospheric InfraRed Sounder (AIRS) sounder onboard NOAA satellite have been compared to see how far the two data sets can be combined to study the MI characteristics. We suggest MI could also 37 be included as one of the semi-permanent features of southwest monsoon along with the presently 38 accepted six parameters. data and, in-situ dropsondes/ radiosondes data obtained


This essay argues that Mary Robinson's subversion of gender in her Gothic novel Walsingham (1797) is more radical than critics have suggested. I offer a trans reading of Walsingham that focuses on the evolution of Sir Sidney Aubrey's nonnormative gender identity and behavior. Along with emphasizing transformation and embodiment, trans theory disrupts essentializing categories such as male, female, heterosexual, gay, and lesbian. It thus provides a useful lens through which to examine Walsingham, in which Sidney and the title character transition from one identity to another. I examine the transgender Sidney's conception of themself as a monster and the eponymous protagonist's psychosexual development: throughout the novel, both characters see themselves as metamorphic, not-quite-human subjectivities driven by self-destructive passions. The novel's conclusion presents a scenario in which gender transition occurs rapidly, a trans person finds acceptance, and the conflicted male protagonist immediately falls in love with them.


This paper describes a flipped and improved first-year digital circuits (DC) course that incorporates several active learning strategies. With the primary objective of increasing student interest and learning, an integrated instructional design framework is proposed to provide first-year engineering and technology students with practical knowledge of DC. The research presented here compares the effectiveness of the flipped course to the previous traditional course through a controlled experimental study. The improved effectiveness of the flipped course is confirmed through the significant increase in course content and significant improvements in students' performance and their perceptions of their learning experience. Preliminary results suggest that students' academic success, and their engagement and interest in engineering, can be enhanced by refinement of an integrated instructional design framework. The authors believe that this positive outcome is a result of alignment of online preview of lectures, face-to-face student/instructor and peer interactions, discussions, hands-on activities, combined with several active learning strategies infused into the class.


The nature of organic structure directing agents (OSDAs) is of paramount importance in the final properties of zeolites, particularly the framework and porosity. Recently, the use of P-containing OSDAs has been employed for new zeolites, but there is little discussion compared to their analogues N-OSDAs. The main objective of this work is the characterization of pure silica MFI zeolite (silicalite-1) prepared by the dual-template route with tetrapropylammonium (TPA), tetrapropylphosphonium (TPP) cations, and mixtures thereof aiming to understand by advanced NMR methods how the nature of the organic influences the physico-chemical properties of the zeolite. Silicalite-1 has been successfully synthesized using the dual-template procedure with TPA and TPP molecules. Both OSDAs are incorporated into the zeolite without any specific preference, differently to that observed before for the TEA/TEP system, and homogenously mixed inside of the zeolite voids. The presence of TPP leads to the incorporation of less F, raising the concentration of Q3-defective sites in the silicalite-1 zeolites. Detailed NMR results indicate that those structural defects are close to the –CH3 group of the entrapped OSDAs in the zeolite and these defects consist of at least two silanol groups stabilizing the Si-O- species, which is responsible for the charge balancing.


Abstract-Friction Stir Welding (FSW) is a solid state welding process in which the relative motion between the tool and the work piece produces heat which makes the material of two edges being joined by plastic atomic diffusion. This method relies on the direct conversion of mechanical energy to thermal energy to form the weld without the application of heat from conventional source. The rotational speed of the tools, the axial pressure, welding speed and the tool profile are the principal variables that are controlled in order to provide the necessary combination of heat and pressure to form the weld. These parameters are adjusted so that the interface is heated into the plastic temperature range (plastic state) where welding can take place. During the last stage of welding process, atomic diffusion occurs while the interfaces are in contact, allowing metallurgical bond to form between the two materials. The functional behaviour of the weldments is substantially determined by the nature of the weld strength characterized by the tensile strength, metallurgical behaviour, surface roughness, weld hardness and micro hardness.In this project an attempt is to be made to determine and evaluate the influence of the process parameters of FSW on the weldments. The Brinnel hardness, Tensile strength are considered for investigation by varying tool speed, tool feed and different tool profiles of weld were analyzed. and discussed. Experiments were conducted on Dissimilar Alloys in a CNC Vertical Machining Centre. The output factors were measured in UTM, Brinnel hardness tester. Hence FSW process data base is to be developed for wide variety of metals and alloys for selection of optimum process parameters for efficient weld.


Abstract Abstract Metallic alloys and ceramic materials are employed in aggressive and hostile environments, ranging from aerospace to energy production, from offshore to biological applications. Today, production requires materials able to survive for a long time at high temperatures, in highly aggressive atmospheres, both from the chemical and the mechanical points of view. No single material can offer these characteristics, so that "composite" structures (composites, multilayer materials, metal-ceramic joints) are designed and tested under extreme conditions. In this paper are presented the basic principles underlying joining technologies, a short discussion of the thermodynamic background of wetting processes, recent developments related to non-reactive and reactive wetting, the influence of trace chemical elements (in the solid, liquid and gaseous phases), and some specific aspects of diffusion bonding, brazing and transient liquid phase joining processes.


Screening methods for human subjects to determine the propensity to develop vascular disorders and / or age related macular degeneration (AMD), or treating a disease, or therapeutic compounds to inhibit its development or prophylactic compounds, and to treat patients, or to alleviate the symptoms of the disease, either by preventing or delaying the onset of, or discloses a method of inhibiting the progression. The present invention, individuals with a genome lacking CFHR-1 gene and / or CFHR-3 gene normally positioned between the DNA encoding the CFH and CFHR-4 on human chromosome 1, AMD developing low risk, and developing a vascular disease such as aneurysms risk is based on the finding that high.


The identification of a conceptual hydrologic model involves two stages: selection of a suitable model structure and parameter estimation. These two stages cannot be treated as distinct, and it is important that the limitations of available parameter estimation methodologies be given serious consideration during the procedure of model structure selection. This paper focuses on the concepts and tools necessary for the evaluation of whether the structure of a hydrologic model is such that its parameters can be successfully identified. A definition of structural identifiability is advanced that is based purely on model properties and is independent of the stochastic nature of the output observation errors. The approach is used to develop a measure of local structural identifiability which is useful in the analysis of parameter sensitivity. A measure, called the sensitivity ratio, is introduced which is suitable for studying parameter interactions in the multidimensional parameter space. Also, the use of allowable reparameterizations to improve identifiability is discussed. The utility of the concepts discussed in this paper are demonstrated by a simulation example using a conceptual rainfall-runoff model.


Data acquisition interfaces composed of standard bus structures such as CAMAC and IEEE-488 have been used with the IBM personal computer (PC). These interfaces have proved to be invaluable for applications that require automation of laboratory and field experiments and laboratory development stations. Software libraries have been developed to provide easy access to these interfaces from high-level programming languages such as C.


Taro Hirai (1894-1965), a Poe enthusiast who appeared as a detective in the late Taisho era with "The Two-Sen Copper Coin" (Shin Seinen, 1923.4) and took the pen name "Edogawa Rampo" after Edgar Allan Poe, first discovered Poe in the fall of 1914. It was a year after the outbreak of the First World War. At the time, Rampo was a second-year student (21 years old) in the Department of Political Science and Economics in the Faculty of Waseda University. He was busy with his professional studies and had little time for general education, but he still found time to read literary books in his spare time. During this period, Rampo wrote in his "Chronological Table" that he "read Poe and Doyle for the first time and discovered the delights of short detective stories. " His discovery of Poe and Conan Doyle was a milestone in Rampo's reading career, and he was "first fascinated by Poe, and three or four years later, I was astonished to come across Dostoevsky. ".


The eco-environmental evolution in arid area of West China were studied at (1 0000)-year, 1000-year, 100-year and 10-year timescales, based on geological data of lacustrine, eolian and glacial deposits, and by using the methods of GIS, RS and landscape ecology etc. The results showed that the climate changing patterns had gone through several complex cycles of "warm and dry" and "cold and moist" periods. Although the climate pattern varied spatially and temporally during the earlier, the mid and the late Holocene period, there was an overall tendency of becoming drier. Over the past 280~350 years, the precipitation decreased significantly and periodically. Over the past half of a century, the climate pattern over Tianshan Mountains tended to increases in both temperature and total precipitation. From the 1980s to the end of this century, the regional climate in Xinjiang region seemed to become colder and moist, accompanied by increases in green vegetation cover, total areas of forests, grasslands, and oasis. The results also indicated that increases in vegetative cover tend to have positive impacts on regional climate increases in total precipitation over some geographic areas at different spatial and temporal scales.


Understanding the microstructural changes of raw potato during processing is critical if food properties want to be controlled properly, because there is a causal connection between structure and functionality. Major structural elements contributing to potato products identity and quality are plant cells, cell walls and starch granules. During processing, which can be viewed as a series of restructuring and reassembling operations, these elements are modified, which generates changes on the product properties. For example, texture is a sensory attribute of uppermost importance for the preference of potato products. The abundance of starch inside the cells, and the shape and size of starch granules modified during different processing, have been reported as important factors for the final texture, as well as the structure of the cell wall polymers. Thus, microscopy techniques for examining food microstructure are necessary to understand structure-property relationships and their effects on chemical stability, physical properties and nutrient bioavailability of potato products. Image processing and image analysis techniques provide the required quantitative data for the analysis and design of food microstructure. In addition, it is necessary to improve the quality of existing foods and to create new products that satisfy consumer's demands of healthy foods, which will be based on interventions at the microscopic level. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________


OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effects of high-dose 2-dimensional spatially-fractionated GRID radiation therapy (SFGRT) and a dosimetrically superior 3-dimensional lattice RT (LRT) on local and metastatic/distant tumor control and the role of radiation-induced bystander/abscopal effects and immunomodulation in xenograft and syngeneic mice tumor-models. METHODS: Contra-lateral tumors were developed in right (RT) and left (LT) flanks of the nude (A549 lung adenocarcinoma) or C57BL/6 (Lewis lung carcinoma 1; LLC1) mice that were subjected to SFGRT (Xenografts): high-dose SFGRT (15Gy)/conventional ionizing-radiation (CIR; 7.5Gy) to LT with/without additional CIR-fractions (2Gy for 5 days) to RT/LT; and LRT (syngeneic-tumors): two 10% of tumor-volume vertices, one 20% vertex, one 50% vertex and 100% open-field IR (single-dose of 20Gy to LT). Tumor growth, effects on negative regulators of ceramide, apoptosis as well as immune responses were determined. RESULTS: In nude-mice-xenograft model following SFGRT: 1) Both irradiated and un-irradiated tumors in each individual-mouse responded strikingly similar to the treatment. 2) The radiation-induced bystander/abscopal effects were additive, leading to more robust effect with high-dose radiation followed by CIR-fractions. 3) Maximum abscopal effect was observed after SFGRT+CIR-fractions to the same tumor. 4) Time-reversal characteristic of the abscopal effect was demonstrated for the first time. Increase in Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, sphingosine-kinase, and expression of TRAIL and TNF was observed following SFGRT and SFGRT+CIR-fractions in LT and RT. In syngeneic-tumors following LRT: 100% open-field and 20% volume-irradiation (in two 10% volumes) resulted in significant growth delay in the irradiated tumor. Both partial or 100% volume-irradiation demonstrated distal effectiveness. Mice treated with partial tumor-volume radiation showed increased CD3+ cells, TRAIL, IFN-gamma and Th1 response and downmodulated Th2 functions compared to whole-tumor irradiation. Further, serum obtained from LRT-treated mice caused enhanced growth-inhibition of endothelial cells compared to untreated or open-field IR groups. CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrate that spatially-fractionated or partial-volume high1 2 3 4 Open Access Abstract


Bambang Setiabudi, in paper grouting is anything to improvement of soil foundation. Grouting is to injection of cement paste or materials chemical stability into foundation soil that intends to strengthen of foundation soil stability that cause and efect of burst, breach, loose and hollow of soil. Before to grouting, as good as posible to examine for to know of soil structure, property of soil, permeability of soil, and to know many factor is to give breach, loose and to slide at soil. Materials for grout to be cement paste, chemical stability or material suspension of cement paste and chemical stability materials must to select are to fit with not to result in ground water pollution.


Poroma is a benign adnexal neoplasm with differentiation towards the upper portion of the sweat gland apparatus. In 2019, Sekine et al. demonstrated recurrent YAP1::MAML2 and YAP1::NUTM1 fusion in poroma and porocarcinoma. Follicular, sebaceous and/or apocrine differentiation has been reported in rare cases of poroma and whether these tumours constitute a variant of poroma or represent a distinctive tumour is a matter to debate. Herein we describe the clinical, immunophenotypic, and molecular features of 13 cases of poroma with folliculo‐sebaceous differentiation.


The present investigation revealed that the prostate in uncastrated cattle was covered by thick fibrous capsule composed of coarse collagen and few elastic and smooth muscle fibres. The mucous alveoli were lined by tall columnar epithelium. The. maximum diameter of the serous alveoli was ranged from 32 to 88 /1. In the castrated cattle the glandular alveoli were lined with cuboidal epithelium.


High performance n-type FETs have been accomplished by using novel heterocyclic systems with trifluoromethylphenyl groups. To enhance intermolecular interactions, selenophene rings were introduced. Some FET devices showed higher electron mobilities than 0.1 cm2V-1s-1. The mobilities of the selenophene-containing materials were higher than those of the corresponding thiophene analogues. The relationship between the structures and FET characteristics have been investigated. The threshold voltages were reduced by introducing heterocyclic units with higher electron affinity.


-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ABSTRACT Semantic Web has become a huge area of research with several directions, this paper is a step towards a dynamic platform design that can perform better services for the Semantic Web. Our platform provides more consistency, easy manipulation and interpretation as well as a presentation environment (User Interface) called the Semantic Net Data Analysis Presentation Environment (SNDAPE). It also suits Big Data analysis in a way that results are valid, consistent and intuitive, because businesses hold these very important since they form the foundation for better decision making. The platform designed provides end-users increased ability to self-manage data from varied resource. It also gives the everyday Semantic Web user; easy ways of extracting knowledge from the web of data. Java is used as the programming language for the implementation of the design through the object-oriented approach to system design.


In this paper we will give the expectation of (the square of) the reflection coefficient, residual variance and prediction error in small sample statistics in white noise. We will construct approximations of these expectations which are more accurate than the known first order Taylor approximations. We need these better approximations because in some applications (radar applications for example) the number of observations is small.


A bioinspired approach to the synthesis of silica was induced by poly (L-lysine) (PLL) under the presence of a flow dynamic field. We found that the biosilica-like morphologies were controlled by the combination of the molecular weight of PLL and the condition of the hydrodynamic field. The flow dynamic field can provide extra energy to the silica nucleation system and produce new stereostructures of silica. This study established an easy and efficient approach for producing desired biosilica-like structures using an external force field via careful control of the reaction microenvironment.


The diagnosis of peripheral vascular disease is not an easy one to make. It typically begins with an in office assessment that commonly includes reporting of presenting symptoms (with questioning) followed by inspection and palpation (physical examination). This in-office assessment is followed by vascular lab testing and may include Doppler ultrasound, ultrasound scanning, transcutaneous oxygen monitoring, x-ray, CT or magnetic resonance angiography. However, not all technologies can be used reliably in all patients. Because this disease can be difficult to stage, challenges designed to alter blood flow to the extremity (whether they be exercise-induced, occlusion-induced, or supine/dependency states) are occasionally used for additional insight. We investigate the potential of infrared thermography in the evaluation of peripheral arterial occlusive disease and compare a conventional challenge with no challenge at all.


Ultracold Fermi-Fermi mixtures offer intriguing possibilities to study fermionic pairing phenomena and superfluidity in new regimes beyond the currently employed spin mixtures of a single species. We produce a doubly-degenerate mixture of 6Li and 40K atoms by evaporative cooling in an optical dipole trap. The trapping light is provided by a 100-W fiber laser operating near a wavelength of 1070nm.


A computer study of clusters of up to 200,000 equal-area bubb les shows for the first time that rounding conjectured optimal hexagonal planar soap bu bble clusters reduces perimeter.


The adsorption of potassium on Pd{110} has been examined via correlated Auger electron spectroscopy, temperature programmed desorption, low-energy electron diffraction, and secondary electron emission crystal current measurements. Potassium overlayers are disordered at all coverages above 115 K. The uptake of K is readily monitored and the coverage calibrated by measuring the crystal current on adsorption below 200 K. The desorption of multilayer K is found to overlap the low-temperature first layer desorption feature and thus it is not appropriate to assume that the heat of adsorption for first layer K is considerably higher than for multilayer K in this case. Crystal current measurements at higher temperature indicate that some multilayer adsorption sites are populated before the first K layer is saturated. These results reflect the equilibrium distribution of adsorbates over the available sites, which is largely governed by the coverage-dependent differential heats of adsorption for first and second layers.


Abstract. Two mothers with heart valve prosthesis were treated with warfarin during pregnancy. In the first case a caesarean section was done one week after replacement of warfarin with heparin. The baby died of cerebral and pulmonary hemorrhage. The second mother had a male infant by caesarean section. The baby showed warfarin‐induced embryopathy with nasal hypopiasia and stippled epiphyses (chondrodysplasia punctata). Nasal hypopiasia with or without stippled epiphyses has now been reported in 11 infants born to mothers treated with warfarin during the first trimester, and a causal association is probable. In view of the risks to both mother and fetus in women with prosthetic cardiac valves it is recommended that therapeutic abortion be advised as the first alternative.


An ion‐selective membrane can directly convert the osmotic energy to electricity through reverse electrodialysis. However, developing an advanced membrane that simultaneously possesses high power density, excellent mechanical strength, and convenient large‐scale production for practical osmotic energy conversion, remains challenging. Here, the fabrication of ultrathin and ultrastrong Kevlar aramid nanofiber (KANF) membranes with interconnected three‐dimensional (3D) nanofluidic channels via a simple blade coating method is reported. The negatively charged 3D nanochannels show typical surface‐charge‐governed nanofluidic ion transport and exhibit excellent cation selectivity. When applied to osmotic energy conversion, the power density of the KANF membrane‐based generator reaches 4.8 W m–2 (seawater/river water) and can be further increased to 13.8 W m–2 at 328 K, which are higher than most of the state‐of‐the‐art membranes. Importantly, a 4‐µm‐thickness KANF membrane shows ultrahigh tensile strength (565 MPa) and Young's modulus (25 GPa). This generator also exhibits ultralong stability over 120 days, showing great potential in practical energy conversions.


The relaxation of the beam-plasma system with several preliminarily excited unstable waves in its spectrum is investigated on the basis of computer simulations. The nature of the waves and particles interaction during the instability development is analysed. It is shown that the destroying of the amplitude oscillations of the single wave after saturation in the presence of additional waves is caused by the well known effect of resonance overlapping. A chaotization of the motion of the beam particles occurs even in the case when the amplitudes of the neighbouring waves are small.


This paper investigates the linearized dynamics of the rotordynamic forces exerted by the fluid on the rotor in whirling and cavitating radial impellers with thin logarithmic blades and constant eccentricity and whirl speed. The flow is modeled as an incompressible, inviscid, fully-guided liquid except on the suction sides of the blades, where attached cavitation occurs in a small layer of given acoustic admittance depending on the assumed values of the layer thickness and void fraction. Constant boundary conditions for the total pressure are imposed at the inlet and outlet sections. The three-dimensional unsteady governing equations are written in rotating orthonormal logarithmic spiral coordinates, linearized for small-amplitude whirl perturbations of the mean steady flow, and solved by modal decomposition. Rotordynamic fluid forces in centrifugal pumps are found to be almost insensitive to cavitation; also, they do not undergo the internal flow resonances in the blade channels predicted by similar flow models and observed in whirling and cavitating axial inducers. Comparison with the available experimental results shows that the present theory underestimates the intensity of rotordynamic impeller forces, but correctly captures their observed parabolic trend as functions of the whirl frequency, thus indicating that it can usefully contribute to identify the main physical phenomena involved and provide useful practical indications on their dependence on the relevant flow conditions and parameters. INTRODUCTION Local flow phenomena like tip leakage capable of interfering with the fluid dynamic loads on the blades are known to be the dominant source of rotordynamic whirl forces in compressible flow machines (Thomas, 1958 [1], Alford, 1958 [2], Martinez-Sanchez et al., 1995 [3], Song and MartinezSanchez, 1997a [4], Martinez-Sanchez, 1997b [5]). On the other hand, in turbopumps also the reaction of the entire flow to the impeller whirl motion can often be significant (d'Auria, d'Agostino and Brennen, 1995 [6]; d'Agostino and d'Auria, 1997 [ 7 ]; d'Agostino, d'Auria and Brennen, 1998 [ 8 ], d'Agostino and Venturini, 2002 [ 9 ]). Previous turbopump research has mainly focused on the origin and analysis of rotordynamic impeller forces in noncavitating conditions (Chamieh et al., 1985 [10]; Jery, Acosta and Caughey, 1985 [11]; Jery, 1987 [12]; Shoji and Ohashi, 1987 [13]; Ohashi and Shoji, 1987 [14]; Adkins and Brennen, 1988 [15]; Arndt et al., 1989 [16]; Arndt et al., 1990 [17]; Tsujimoto et al., 1997 [18]; Uy and Brennen, 1999 [19]; Baskharone, 1999 [20], Hiwata and Tsujimoto, 2002 [21]). Because of their greater complexity, rotordynamic fluid forces in whirling and cavitating turbopump impellers have so far received comparatively less attention in the open literature and a satisfactory understanding of their behavior is still lacking. However, it is widely recognized that turbopump cavitation in axial inducers can promote the onset of dangerous self-sustained whirl instabilities (Rosenmann, 1965 [22]) and substantially alters the behavior of fluid-induced rotordynamic forces (Arndt and Franz, 1986 [ 23 ]; Brennen, 1994 [ 24 ]; Bhattacharyya, 1994 [25]). The available experimental evidence indicates that inducer cavitation reduces the magnitude of the rotordynamic fluid forces, significantly affecting the added mass of the rotor. The consequent increase of the critical speeds is of special relevance to highly-loaded supercritical machines, as commonly used in liquid propellant rocket feed systems. A second major effect of inducer cavitation is the introduction of a complex oscillatory dependence of the rotordynamic fluid forces on the whirl frequency. This finding seems to indicate the occurrence of resonance phenomena in the compressible cavitating flow inside the blade channels under the excitation imposed by the eccentric motion of the rotor. Earlier theoretical analyses confirmed the presence of internal flow resonances and indicate that bubble dynamic effects do not play a major role, except, perhaps, at extremely high whirl speeds (d'Auria, d'Agostino and Brennen, 1995 [26]; d'Agostino and d'Auria, 1997 [ 27 ]; d'Agostino, d'Auria and Brennen, 1998 [ 28 ], d'Agostino and Venturini, 2002 [9]). On the other hand, no resonant phenomena seem to occur radial impellers, where the limited available evidence indicates that cavitation only has a marginal effect on rotordynamic whirl forces (Franz et al., 1989 [29]). Following up on our work on whirling and cavitating inducers, we now apply a similar approach to the analysis of the unsteady two-dimensional flow in whirling radial impellers with