During the Hongwu Period of Ming Dynasty, the former Dike paddy field had developed rapidly; and from the period of Jianwen to Zhengde, the area of Dike paddy field had enlarged obviously, and the plutocrat inning counted heavily, meanwhile, the contradition between the development of Dike paddy field and the sluice and prevention of flood arose; After the Jiajing period, the flood trended to be more and more serious mainly due to the excessive inning, fishing and inefficient repairing work, besides the natural factor, and there was new improvement on Dike paddy field as well. And Dike paddy field had played an important role in the agricultural production in the southern Anhui plain.


Abstract : This monograph examines how the task force commander and executive officer can enhance the training and professional development of the battalion coordinating staff. The National Training Center continues to report that task force staffs continue to demonstrate substandard staff skills. This includes; poor individual staff officer proficiency, inadequate staff section proficiency, and This study relies heavily on contemporary training experiences. Observations from the National Training Center Take Home Packages and various products available through the Center for Army Lesson Learned. Additionally, supporting ideas and observations are also available in many contemporary military journals. The initial portions of this monograph were developed from two primary studies. Beginning in 1963 Doctor J. A. Olmstead began a thirty year study on the subject of Battle Staff lntegration. The fruits of his labors was published in 1992 by the Institute for Defense Analysis. The RAND Corporation published a study of Battalion Level Command and Control at the National Training Center in 1994. The section dealing with the basic components of learning organizations was drawn primarily from Peter Senge's work The Fifth Discipline. His ideas are one of the hot topics in the contemporary business world and additional insights were found in many business journals. The Harvard Business Review has published numerous articles covering the various aspects of the learning organization. This monograph concludes that the current training doctrine is sufficient for training and professionally developing the task force coordinating staff. Peter Senge's concept of the learning organization and his five learning disciplines do provide insight into the training process and can be used to reinforce current training doctrine.


Today, a high noise level is considered a problem in many working environments. The main reason is that it contributes to stress and fatigue. Traditional methods using passive noise control is only ...


MENT Some patients can keep their symptoms well controlled by medicine, or careful avoidance of challenging the antireflux mechanism, but find that it is incompatible with a satisfactory normal lifeusually this means they cannot do their job satisfactorily, eg, market gardening. If they relapse soon after reducing treatment, they require surgery. TROUBLESOME CONCOMITANT DISEASE If a peptic ulcer or gallstone requires surgery, and the patient also has reflux, it is sensible to deal with both simultaneously.


A micro laser induced shock wave in a small region was observed by shadowgraph technique. The shock wave was produced on a metal surface when the metal was irradiated by a pulse laser. Titanium and SUS304 was used as the target. The laser used for the irradiation was λ=532nm in wavelength and its irradiation intensity, lo was changed from 630to7690 GW/m2. The flow visualization was carried out by using a laser shadow graphic technique. The shock mach number was calculated from these images. We obtained the shock wave energy conversion coefficient, which is based on Taylor's self-similar analysis. The experimental results showed that the coefficient was 0.08to0.2 for the relatively low irradiation intensity.


The techniques of wedge diffraction and edge currents are applied to compute the radiation patterns of radial monopole and circumferential slot antennas on a finite circular cylinder having conical or disk end caps.


Only we must guard against this—not to strain our voice too roughly when conscious of a full stomach or (recent) sexual intercourse or physical fatigue. Many politicians and sophists experience this, being induced to engage in competitive debates, some through considerations of glory and ambition, others for pay or political contests. Thus our fellow citizen Niger, when a professional sophist in Galatia, happened to have swallowed a fishbone. But as another sophist had appeared on the scene from abroad and was engaged in declaiming, Niger, fearful that he give the impression of having yielded to the newcomer, himself gave public performances, although the fishbone was still stuck in his throat. A serious and persistent inflammation in consequence developing, as he could not endure the pain, he submitted to a deep surgical incision from without. The fishbone was then removed through the wound site but thereafter the wound itself, becoming troublesome and purulent, caused his death.


This paper provides some different opinions from those expressed by Mr Zhong Zhiwei in his paper: Hexi Corridor, Urbanization surcharging Oasis, which was published in Economic Observer on the 20th October 2002. The paper regards that cities are always founded on oasis, urbanization is always progressed by city in the Hexi Corridor, Urbanization will not overcast oasis, furthermore it will make oasis more prosperous; Water is sure not the most bottle\|neck of urbanization, urbanization will not lead to desert. Quickening the process of urbanization in the premise of protecting the eco\|environment of oasis will be helpful to advance people s live level in the Hexi Corridor. Oasis is Supporting Urbanization. Oasis and urbanization are jointly progressing the development of Hexi Corridor to be the eco\|economic corridor of China s Western Region.


This review concerns the volume Metaphor Identification in Multiple Languages. MIPVU around the world, edited by Susan Nacey, Aletta G. Dorst, Tina Krennmayr and W. Gudrun Reijnierse, published by John Benjamins Publishing Company, Amsterdam & Philadelphia, 2019.


We present results from observations of 104 pulsars made between 1989 August and 1993 April, including timing solutions for 96 of them. Pulse profiles were recorded at four frequencies in the range 0.4-1.64 GHz, yielding topocentric pulse arrival times with uncertainties of order 10(exp -3) periods. Models fitted to the timing data yield accurate positions, periods, period derivatives, and dispersion measures for each pulsar. Nine of the measured period derivatives are new, and most of the parameters represent improvements upon previous measurements. In a few cases we correct some erroneous parameter values from the published literature. A glitch was observed in the PSR B1800-21 pulse arrival times, and we fit a simple exponential model to the post-glitch recovery. We present graphs of the observed pulse shapes and their evolution with frequency, a table of measured pulase widths, and quantitative estimates of the long-term timing stability of each pulsar.


Despite considerable work in the field of radiation chemistry of amino acids and proteins, the mechanisms of radiation damage to free amino acids and amino acids of proteins are not well understood, and more knowledge of the generalities of comparative radiolabilities of free amino acids and amino acids of proteins is needed. Drake et al. (1) determined the radiolability of amino acids of insulin in pH 3.0 solution and found that cystine, tyrosine, phenylalanine, proline, and histidine were the most radiolabile. Recently, we determined the radiolability of amino acids of cytochrome c, hemoglobin, and ovalbumin at pH 7 (2, 3). Although there is some variation among these proteins, the rank in terms of radiolability of amino acids is methionine, phenylalanine, histidine, cystine, serine, and threonine. However, whether this radiolability of amino acids is also true for other proteins and free amino acids was not ascertained. Our knowledge of the comparative radiolability of free amino acids in solutions is limited to results reported in a few studies. Dale et al. (4) compared the yield of ammonia from various irradiated amino acids with glycine as the reference. However, the extent of deamination of amino acids by radiation did not reveal a definite pattern of radiolability of amino acids. Barron (5) did not obtain ammonia from radiation of dilute solutions of glycine, and similar discrepancies have been observed by others (6, 7). Critical appraisal of observations, by different workers, of the effect of radiation on amino acids in solution is complicated because of several variables. Concentration, solubility and pH of amino acid solutions, presence or absence of buffer, oxygen tension of the medium, and quality and quantity of radiation dose employed often modify the effect of radiation. The purpose of this research was to determine the comparative radiolability of amino acids of proteins and free amino acids.


Wheel hub drive system has received more interests in an industrial area due to its attractive features. A low speed direct drive electric motor is needed to directly connect to the wheel. In order to meet challenging design requirements, a compact high torque density dual rotor permanent magnet machine with toroidal winding is proposed in this paper. Topology, principle of operation, reduction of torque pulsation are illustrated and analyzed. Finally, electromagnetic performance of proposed in-wheel motor is predicted and evaluated by finite element analysis.


Rao Zongyi is a famous scholar at home and abroad,whose academic achievements of"influencing in the world and far reaching"have formed an independent learning. His rich and deep academic ideas can be understood from following aspects: firstly,based on the nationally viewpoint,he carries forward the revival of our traditional culture on higher level; secondly,with world awareness,he attaches great importance to the cultural development between China and other countries,which has brought Chinese traditional culture to be known world widely; thirdly,his academic pursuit is really honest and positive,seeking and obeying truth from history materials,correcting himself and proposing academic research back onto the real track,and keeping innovation constantly.


Frontline demonstrations (FLDs)were conducted in Kurnool district of Andhra Pradesh to know the yield gapsbetween improved technology (IT) and farmers practice (FP) in sunflower crop. In the FLDs, the hybrid NDSH1performed better in terms of seed yield both under rainfed (604 kg/ha) and irrigated conditions (1968 kg/ha) ascompared to cultivation of local private hybrids in FP (500 and 1845 kg/ha, respectively). Spraying of Boron (B)at ray floret opening stage also resulted in improved seed yields over its non application across the years ofdemonstration. In addition, in all the years of study, by adopting proper spacing and thinning practice, markedimprovement in seed yield and additional net returns were observed in farmer's fields. The study recommends that as the sunflower yields are less in farmers field in the study area, they can be improved by adopting improved component technologies viz., hybrid (NDSH1), spraying of micro-nutrient Boron at ray floret opening stage and adopting proper spacing and thinning.


The study was conducted on genitalia collected from 100 dairy cows/heifers from the
Meat Technology Unit, Mannuthy. The animals brought for slaughter at Meat Technology Unit,
Mannuthy were from herds of five different farms (University and Government Undertaking farms) in
Kerala state. This included six animals culled on account of factors other than infertility with normal
reproductive system (control group) and the remaining animals with a known history of infertility.
In total, seven animals showed kinked cervix condition. Cervix was evaluated morphometrically
and histologically. Grossly, the cervix was hard, kinked and S-shaped, with a mean length of 9.64
± 1.19 cm. Average number of annular rings in the cervical canal was 4.14 ± 0.26 with an average
diameter of 1.74 ± 0.18 cm. At the external os, diameter of the cervix was less, while at the uterine
end, diameter was more. The opening of each cervical ring showed a misalignment instead of
a straight line. Histologically, the cervix was lined by simple columnar epithelium with signs of
degeneration and desquamation. However, the submucosal layer was extensively infiltrated by
collagen fibres. In uterus, there was a significant difference in the number of endometrial glands
and height of the glandular epithelial cells which was less when compared to the control group.
Muscular layer outer to connective tissue layer was thin and uneven. Alterations of the glandular
structures negatively influence the viability of spermatozoa due to the lack of secretory products.
This fibrous, collagen rich kinked cervix limits the smooth deposition of the semen into the uterus
during artificial insemination and the insufficiently dilated cervix affects its contractibility leading to
dystocia and subfertility.


The Purple Line is a proposed 16-mi light rail line in the Washington, D.C., suburbs that will pass through the heart of the University of Maryland at College Park, the flagship campus of the Maryland state school system. The university has long supported the Purple Line, but as the Maryland Transit Administration (MTA) worked to developed conceptual plans to build the Purple Line through the campus, a number of concerns were raised by the university. Concerns included pedestrian safety, electromagnetic interference, traffic, vibration, visual impacts, and noise. Most of these concerns are typical of concerns raised by communities faced with the introduction of a new transportation mode. The question is "What is different about a university?" Most important is the fact that the university is a single entity that has sole responsibility for everything that occurs on campus. In most locations the agency planning a transit system must deal with a wide range of stakeholders, the university on the other hand is one institution, speaking with one voice. At one point it appeared that the MTA and the university would not be able to reconcile the needs of the project with the concerns of the university, but now the project is moving swiftly forward. So how has the MTA worked through the issues with the university?


A nonlinear‐dynamics transient computational analysis of the explosion phenomena associated with detonation of 100g of C4 high‐energy explosive buried at different depths in sand is carried out using the AUTODYN computer program. The results obtained are compared with the corresponding experimental results obtained in Ref. [1]. To validate the computational procedure and the materials constitutive models used in the present work, a number of detonation‐related phenomena such as the temporal evolutions of the shape and size of the over‐burden sand bubbles and of the detonation‐products gas clouds, the temporal evolutions of the side‐on pressures in the sand and in air, etc. are determined and compared with their experimental counterparts. The results obtained suggest that the agreement between the computational and the experimental results is reasonable at short postdetonation times. At longer post‐detonation times, on the other hand, the agreement is less satisfactory primarily with respect to the size and shape of the sand crater, i.e. with respect to the volume of the sand ejected during explosion. It is argued that the observed discrepancy is, at least partly, the result of an inadequacy of the generic materials constitutive model for the sand which does not explicitly include the important effects of the sand particle size and the particle size distribution, as well as the effects of moisture‐level controlled inter‐particle friction and cohesion. It is further shown that by a relatively small adjustment of the present materials model for sand to include the potential effect of moisture on inter‐particle friction can yield a significantly improved agreement between the computed and the experimentally determined sand crater shapes and sizes.


This letter deals with the use of the wave-radar REMOCEAN system for sea-state monitoring starting from images collected in the X-band at two different test sites. In particular, the measurement surveys were carried out at two coastal sites in the Gulf of Naples by means of the installation of the radar on a fixed and on a movable platform, respectively. The effectiveness of the system was also tested by means of a comparison between the REMOCEAN results and the high-frequency coastal radar observations, with emphasis to the sea surface current estimation.


The article proposes a method for improving the reliability-aware resynthesis flow of combinational logic circuits. It is proposed to use information about library cells schematics, thereby partially taking into account the electrical masking mechanism. The method involves preliminary characterization of the entire library for the probability of cell failure. It is assumed that cells are exposed to radiation and are subject to impact of heavy charged particles. Characterization is done through SPICE simulations and can take into account different operating conditions and different types of influences. This process takes place once for the entire library, and only the obtained tabular data is used in resynthesis process. Experiments show that resynthesis results can be improved by taking into account the transistor structure of the library cells and the distribution of signals at the inputs of the elements with no runtime increase. It has been shown that, without considering an electrical masking at the level of distinct cells, the results of resynthesis flow are too optimistic.


The relation between the experimental evidence and the theoretical distinction is more problematic than at first appears. This chapter begins with a review of the general linguistic properties considered illustrative of the distinction and the psycholinguistic evidence for the nature of the functional-lexical divide. It examines the psycholinguistic evidence in favor of there being a significant difference in the processing of the two classes of expression. It argues that the distinction is best viewed in terms of Chomsky's differentiation between I-language and E-language. The discussion then moves to the nature of E-linguistic categorization and its relation to I-linguistic (universal) categories. The chapter ends by questioning the need to set up the specific functional categories independently of functional lexemes themselves and suggests a model of the grammar that attempts to reconcile the psycholinguistic properties of functional expressions and their position within theoretical syntax. Keywords: E-language; functional expressions; I-language; theoretical syntax


The Er-doped silica guided-wave laser operating around 1.6 μm was realised using a low-scattering-loss planar light-wave circuit with an Er-doped silica core which was fabricated by flame hydrolysis deposition and reactive ion etching techniques on an Si substrate. CW lasing was achieved successfully with an incident threshold power of 49 mW for pumping at 0.98 μm


Thermal properties of suspended single-layer graphene membranes are investigated by characterization of their mechanical motion in response to a high-frequency modulated laser. A characteristic delay time $\tau$ between the optical intensity and mechanical motion is observed, which is attributed to the time required to raise the temperature of the membrane. We find, however, that the measured time constants are significantly larger than the predicted ones based on values of the specific heat and thermal conductivity. In order to explain the discrepancy between measured and modeled tau, a model is proposed that takes a thermal boundary resistance at the edge of the graphene drum into account. The measurements provide a noninvasive way to characterize thermal properties of suspended atomically thin membranes, providing information that can be hard to obtain by other means.


Shock-loading experiments on Nb2O5 single crystals were carried out up to 54 GPa by the gun method. The shock-loaded materials are recovered by using both closed and open recovery fixtures and were examined by powder X-ray diffraction analysis and high-resolution electron microscopy. Complete conversion to T-Nb2O5 of µm size, denser by 12% than H-Nb2O5, was found in the pressure range from 20–40 GPa. When single-crystal H-Nb2O5 was shocked perpendicular to the b-axis using the open-system recovery fixture, an unidentified phase referred to as the X-phase, besides T-Nb2O5 and shock-reduced NbxO2 with the rutile structure, was observed. The high-resolution image of the X-phase is interpreted as two-dimensionally disordered H-Nb2O5. The X-phase is probably formed in the rapid decompression process from the shock-induced high-pressure phase.


In this paper a new human face recognition algorithm based on localized face portion of an image is proposed. Extracted pure facial image is decomposed using curvelet transform and its selected subband is utilized for classification. Subband exhibiting a maximum standard deviation is dimensionally reduced using an improved dimensionality reduction technique, i.e., bidirectional two-dimensional principal component analysis to generate distinctive feature sets. These feature sets are used for training and testing an extreme learning machine classifier. Notable contributions of the proposed work include significant improvements in classification rate, speed and negligible dependence on the number of prototypes.


Abstract A phytochemical investigation of Menispermum dauricum led to the isolation of five oxoisoaporphine-type alkaloids (1–5) and five aporphine-type alkaloids (6–10), including a novel oxoisoaporphine-type alkaloid: menispeimin A (1). Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic studies including MS, 1 D and 2 D NMR, and confirmed by comparing with literature data. Among them, alkaloids 4–10 were obtained for the first time from Menispermum genus. Natural products 2, 4 and 6 exhibited significant cytotoxic activity against A549, Bel-7402 and MCF-7 cell lines. Graphical Abstract


Men go through their paces on the outside of the training tower at Salt River Fire Station while their fellow firemen-to-be look on from below.


We present certain variants of dynamic programming and allied variational methods that arise in problems of groundwater remediation and related identification problems. Key-Words: Groundwater remediation, identification, forward dynamic programming, hybrid systems, parabolic control problems.


The project of the development of oilfield is linked with some economical tasks solved at the stages of preparation of the project of field development. The stages of the project preparation can be presented in the next way: conceptual assessment; base of investments; preparation of project documentation; detailed design development. The transition from the initial stages to the final process is characterized by the accumulation of information about place that accompanied the transition from the simplified and stochastic models to more detailed and deterministic. At all stages of project preparation the most common two types of problems are associated with oil economies: task of evaluating the effectiveness of projects for management decisions; tasks economically based choice of technological solutions in the design process. The first type of tasks (management accounting) does not present significant difficulties, sufficiently unified and based on classical theories, performance evaluation, differences can arise only depending on the practices adopted in specific companies. The aim is to assess the project in the system performance criteria common to the entire company, which is interested in this assessment. In turn, the problem of the choice of technological solutions requires the creation of computational tools, techniques and specific approaches, the purpose is to obtain a decision as to maximize the quality of a given function. The task of choosing the best technological solutions precedes the problem of estimating efficiency for administrative purposes. Tasks associated with the justification optimum solution in its meaning can be grouped as follows. The first group consists of the problem of finding the optimal technological solutions such as: determining the optimal rate of development of the field; determining the optimal scheme surface facilities; determine the optimal length of the horizontal wellbore. The second group consists of the problem of determining the parameters of the field, providing a minimum return: determine the minimum viable amount of recoverable reserves; determine the minimum cost-effective production rate of the production well; definition of the tax regime of the PSA to ensure the effective development of the field. The second group is inextricably linked with the tasks of the first group, because depending on the technological solutions adopted profitability estimated project can take many values. The allegation that these parameters (for example, recoverable reserves, or rate of flow) provides the specific amount of profitability valid only if finding the appropriate optimal technological solutions. The third group is the problem of constructing an asset rating: building rating of drilling; planning of geotechnical activities; building of rating of exploration program. Due to the high degree of uncertainty in the input parameters in the early stages of project evaluation oil (conceptual evaluation, geological and economic assessment) the separate issue is the solution to all the above objectives of risk: determine the necessary volume of exploration activities; choice of minimum initial arrangement if possible further expansion of capacity. As you can see, the problem of optimizing the system design is in all of these problems, thus is fundamental to the economy of oil and gas.


Air-hose-free thin McKibben muscles with a soft polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC) tube can realize electrically controlled actuation with a soft body. However, they experience the following problems: low response speed, fast deterioration of PEFC tube electrodes, and the requirement for high driving voltage. In this paper, we propose two breakthrough technologies that improve the performance of air-hose-free McKibben muscles. One is an Au/Pt double-layer electrode, and the other is an expanding internal chamber. We use these technologies to successfully increase the expansion rate and decrease the excessive pressure rise inside a PEFC tube. The resistance of the PEFC tube with the Au/Pt double-layer electrodes increases only slightly after it is bent eight times. Theoretical calculations show that the installation of the expanding internal chamber can increase the pressure for contracting the muscle by up to 300%. The improved air-hose-free thin McKibben muscle achieves a maximum contraction ratio of 22% and a contraction time of 35 s. The contraction ratio is approximately four times larger than that obtained in previous research. The newly proposed air-hose-free thin McKibben muscle is applied to an antagonistic drive robot arm to demonstrate its applicability in robotic systems. The prototype of the antagonistic drive robot arm is successfully operated with a rotation speed of 2.4 deg/s and a maximum displacement angle of 83 deg.


The paper discusses three related-parameters comparing method and the design of FIFO for presorting of radar signals in the present complicated electromagnetic circumstance,and introduces the internal principle of the pure hardware comparer and its implementation.Both are verified using simulation by the professional softwares of the Altera company and the Mentor Graphics company.The correctness of the design is basically realized and its high performance is shown.At last,the paper also presents three different applications of the sorting processor to electronic warfare: detection of threating signal,filtering of useless signal and PRF selection filtering.


BACKGROUND Metaplastic breast cancer (MpBC) is an extremely rare, therapeutically recalcitrant and aggressive variant of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). We have previously shown molecular alterations in inducible nitric oxide (iNOS) signaling in MpBC is associated with worse overall survival. Preclinical models have shown pan-NOS inhibitor NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA) reduces tumor growth and epithelial to mesenchymal transition in mesenchymal cell lines. We have also previously shown in TNBC patients treated with LNMMA and docetaxel, the non-responders have a higher expression of M2 macrophage vs the responders have decreased pro-tumor N2 neutrophils at the end of therapy. Here, we report the results of L-NMMA plus taxane in a cohort of MpBC patients. METHODS We conducted a phase 1B/2 trial, with L-NMMA (starting dose of 7.5 mg/kg which was escalated to recommended phase 2 dose of 20 mg/kg) and docetaxel (100 mg/m2) every 3 weeks. Daily amlodipine was given to prevent hypertension from L-NMMA. Primary objective was to assess clinical benefit rate (CBR), as assessed by the Response Evaluation Criteria in solid tumors (RECIST). Secondary objectives were to study overall response rate (ORR), progression free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), dose limiting toxicities (DLT), response correlation with type of MpBC, body mass index (BMI) and ethnicity. Exploratory analysis included immune correlates for clinical response; staining for iNOS, M2 macrophages (CD 68, CD 163), N2 neutrophils (CD 15, arginase), immune infiltration (PD-L1, CD 8) and fibrosis marker (α- SMA). Fisher's exact test was used to find the association between different patient's characteristics and the main outcome. A p-value of 0.05 was considered statistically significant and all analyses were conducted using Stata V16.1 (StataCorp, College Station, Texas 77845 USA) RESULTS Of the total 35 TNBC patients recruited, 15 patients had MpBC (Phase 1B, n= 4; Phase 2, n=11); 86.6% (13/15) patients had metastatic breast cancer (MBC), with a median of 2 prior lines of therapy (range 0-5) and 13.3% (2/15) had anthracycline-refractory locally advanced breast cancer (LABC). The CBR was 40% (6/15); the ORR was 20% (3/15) with 1 PR in MBC , 1 pathological CR and 1 PR in LABC. Grade 3 or more toxicity was seen in 13.3% (2/15) patients; however, none was attributed to L-NMMA. The mPFS and mOS for MBC patients were 4.5 months (range 3-7m) and 12.8 months, respectively. The response was more likely to be in women of Caucasian ethnicity, BMI> 25 and non-spindle pathological features such as squamous differentiation, keratinized and myxo-chondroid tumors; albeit these were not statistically significant (Table 1). CONCLUSIONS Inhibition of iNOS pathway in MpBC is a promising and novel therapeutic option in this very challenging breast cancer subtype. The small study size is an impediment in identifying clinical factors which can predict a response. This warrants further evaluation of treatment with L-NMMA in chemo-refractory MpBC patients in a larger clinical trial.
 Table 1.Association between ethnicity, BMI and pathological characteristics with responseTotalNo responderResponderp-valueN=13N=7N=6Ethnicity0.19Caucasian10 (76.92%)4 (57.14%)6 (100.00%)Other3 (23.08%)3 (42.86%)0 (0.00%)Obesity1.00<25 BMI3 (23.08%)2 (28.57%)1 (16.67%)>=25 BMI10 (76.92%)5 (71.43%)5 (83.33%)Pathological features0.27Spindle5 (38.46%)4 (57.14%)1 (16.67%)Other8 (61.54%)3 (42.86%)5 (83.33%)Data are presented as n (%). *P-value from Fisher's exact test. The 2 patients with adverse events were excluded from the analysis.
 Citation Format: Akshjot Puri, Adriana Ordonez, Ann C. Anselme, Liliana Guzman, Polly Niravath, Jenny C. Chang. Phase 1B/2 clinical trial targeting nitric oxide in the treatment of chemo-refractory metaplastic triple-negative breast cancer patients [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2021 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2021 Dec 7-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-17-07.


A detailed analysis of critical-field data of mercury shows that they are in qualitative agreement with recent calculations of the temperature dependence of the electronic specific-heat effective mass. © 1971 The American Physical Society.


What does pain look like? Pain is felt, as every human being knows. But what about its visibility? Is it possible to depict pain? We can represent its visible expressions. We can also, to a certain extent, capture that which causes pain. But what about pain itself? This paper addresses the question of how to represent pain from a phenomenological perspective. Adopting the phenomenological analysis of Jean-Luc Marion, its purpose is to explore a very specific form of phenomenality, what I shall term a phenomenality of compassion. In spite of the difficulties or even impossibility of representing pain as such, there are nonetheless representations that evoke a specific kind of pain in the viewing subject. What is at stake here, I argue, is a phenomenality which not only evokes the subject's compassion (compassio) for the pain and suffering (passio) of the other, but which also calls the subject to responsibility for the other, urging it never to remain indifferent to the pain of the other.


2007 Nobel Physics Prize went to Albert Fert from the French National Scientific Research Center and Peter Grunberg from Germany Julich Research Center,in recognition of their independent discovery of Giant Magnetoresistance Effect 19 years ago,a foundation-laying contribution for the rapid development of modern information technology.In this paper,a review is provided on the two scientists' contributions in the discovery and application of Giant Magnetoresistance Effect.


DEAR SIR, Although sarcoidosis is not an uncommon disease, it may present itself in many different ways. We report a case in which the signs and symptoms seemed so malignant, that this disease did not seem to be a realistic option until all other possible diagnoses were excluded. The patient was a 23-year-old-man of WestIndian origin with no previous medical history, who presented with weight loss, anorexia, night sweats and a non-productive cough since 2 months. He did not use any medication and smoked eight cigarettes for 7 years. The patient lived in Europe all his life. He was not exposed to anything speci®c occupationally or for pleasure. He was a febrile and had no abnormalities of skin or joints. Physical examination of lungs, liver, lymph nodes and testes in particular was normal. Laboratory tests showed slight elevations of leucocytes (15,9 * 109 L), Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (55 mm h) and C-reactive protein (90 mg L), whereas levels of haemoglobin, liver function tests, serum calcium, serum angiotensin converting enzyme (S-ACE), b-human chorionic gonadotrophin and a-phoetoprotein were normal. Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmatic antibodies and the antituberculin skin test were negative. X-rays and CT-scans of the thorax (Figs 1 and 2) revealed multiple round, circumscript peri-bronchiolar in®ltrations (maximal B approximately 3 cm), some of which appeared to have a central necrosis. Mediastinal lymph nodes were enlarged. Biopsies, taken both transbronchially and by means of thoracotomy, showed granulomatous in ̄ammations with a slight hint of central necrosis and a minimal indication of vasculitis (Fig. 3). Cultures and further staining of the biopsies showed no evidence of mycobacteria or fungi. We had to conclude that we were dealing with a fulminant type of sarcoidosis. Although necrotizing sarcoid granulomatosis could not be ruled out, it was found to be less likely because of the paucity of the vasculitis and the necrotic areas. Prednisone therapy had a rapid subjective effect and caused a regression of the radiological ®ndings (Fig. 4). In conclusion, although sarcoidosis is known to present in many different ways, it is generally considered to be a disease with a mild, benign clinical course, unless later stages with more severe clinical consequences are reached. With this case, we would like to emphasize the possibility of a Fig. 1 Chest X-ray revealing multiple round circumscript peribronchiolar in®ltrations. Journal of Internal Medicine 2002; 251: 174±176


The main techniques of microwave signal generation based on photonics will be described, to provide highqulity and software defined RF signals with unprecedented frequency tuning in a very large RF spectrum including the millimeter wave spectral range.


Correspondence James B. Abugre, PhD, Department of Organisation & HRM, University of Ghana Business School, Box LG 78, Legon, Accra, Ghana. Email: email@example.com Abstract The aim of this study is to investigate the determinants of expatriates' adjustments in distant and complex multinational subsidiaries. Using the institutional theory as a basis for expatriates' assignments in complex subsidiaries, the work employed a sequential mixed methodology of data collection. An in-depth face-to-face interview with 21 senior expatriate executives and a quantitative survey of 204 expatriates working in various multinational subsidiaries in Ghana served as data for the work. Consequently, a structural equation modeling (SEM) and a content analysis were the basis of the data analysis. Findings showed host country culture plays a significant role in determining expatriate adjustment in distant subsidiaries. Findings also showed expatriates' competence in cross-cultural communication significantly determines expatriates' adjustment in distant subsidiaries. The work recommends an intensive training of expatriates in cross-cultural communication and host cultural values and behaviors for international assignees.


Thermal performance predictions are presented for the Solar Kinetics T-700 solar collector, with FEK 244 reflector surface, for three output temperatures at five cities in the United States.


: A comparative numerical study has been conducted on the thermal performance of a heat pipe cooling system considering several influential factors such as the coolant flow rate, the coolant inlet temperature, and the input power. A comparison between numerical data and results available in the literature has demonstrated that our numerical procedure could successfully predict the heat transfer performance of the considered heat pipe cooling system for a battery. Specific indicators such as temperature, heat flux, and pressure loss were extracted to describe the characteristics of such a system. On the basis of the distributions of the temperature ratio of the battery surface, together with the heat flux and the streamlines around the heat pipe condenser, we conclude that the low disturbance of the coolant is the cause of the temperature gradient along the fluid flow direction.


Carbon or boron 0.1? A Sb-Te base alloy sinter sputtering target containing 30 at%, Sb-Te-based alloy particles having a uniform mixed structure of particles of a minute carbon (C) or boron (B), and Sb-Te base alloy particles of the average grain size is less than 1.00 3 ㎛ or less, the standard deviation, C, or an average particle diameter of B is less than 0.20 0.5 ㎛ or less, a standard deviation, an average crystal grain size of the Sb-Te base alloy particles X, carbon or If the average particle diameter of the boron to Y, Y / X of 0.1? Sb-Te base alloy sinter sputtering target composed mainly of Sb and Te, characterized in that in a range of 0.5. Sb-Te alloy sputtering target group improved the tissue, and inhibit cracking of the sintered target, and prevent the generation of arcing during sputtering.


The purpose of this study was to address how being a public organization affected the public's perceptions of the Florida Forest Service's brand. Focus groups were conducted at different sites across the state with rural and urban residents. The major findings were that the public expected the brand of a public organization to be financially responsible (e.g., justify the purpose of the organization, avoid duplication between public organizations, communicating with the public without wasting money, and generating revenue), provide something valuable to individuals or the public at large (e.g., protecting forests, control through regulations, and aid, such as providing information), and to operate with integrity (e.g., being financially responsibly, communicating clearly with the public, and the organization being fair in balancing public and private interests). This research addresses a gap in research regarding the branding of public organizations. Because the study is limited by being a qualitative study addressing one organization in one state, future research should be conducted to address the transferability of the findings to other settings. This research furthers efforts to foster relationships between public organizations and members of the public by providing guidance for the improvement of the brands of public organizations. In the face of increased scrutiny of and competition between public organizations, the findings of this study can be used to help improve the public's perceptions of public organizations.


In China, IMP-4 is a major plasmid-mediated carbapenemase among multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae, but little is known about the plasmid scaffolds involved in the dissemination of blaIMP-4 (1, 2). In 2010, we identified a Klebsiella pneumoniae CRE1 strain carrying blaIMP-4 from the penile swab of a 49-yearold man who was repatriated from Huizhou, China, where he had been hospitalized for intracranial hemorrhage. The isolate was resistant to all -lactams, including imipenem, ertapenem, and meropenem, and multiple non-lactam antibiotics (chloramphenicol, co-trimoxazole, nitrofurantoin) (3). Combined disc testing (4) showed that carbapenem resistance can be reversed by EDTA but not boronic acid. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) (5) identified CRE1 as sequence type (ST) 11, which is a major lineage associated with blaKPC dissemination in China (6). Conjugation was carried out in filters with Escherichia coli J53 as the recipient and transconjugants selected with sodium azide (100 g/ml) and meropenem (1 g/ml) (7). The blaIMP-4-carrying plasmid was able to be transferred at a frequency of 1.2 10 4 per donor cell. Plasmid DNA from the transconjugant was extracted, amplified, and sequenced using a GS-FLX system (Roche, Mannheim, Germany) as described previously (7). The assembled plasmid pIMP-HZ1 has 50,775 bp (GenBank accession no. JX457479). pIMP-HN1 has a plasmid scaffold typical for the IncN plasmids in general (8, 9). The backbone regions shared by pIMP-HZ1 and the reference IncN plasmid R46 include the replicon repA, the mucAmucB genes (encoding UV protection), the stbABC operon (for plasmid stability), the ardA-ardB and ardK-ardR genes (with antirestriction function), the ccg genes (ccgEIII-ccgD-ccgC-ccgAIccgAII, providing protection from the type I restriction system), and the two transfer gene clusters (locus tra1 and locus tra2, en-


Withanolides are known as the main components of Physalis genus with broad biological activities. Using combination of various chromatographic methods, three withanolides were isolated including physagulin J (1), physagulin K (2), and physagulin N (3). Their chemical structures were determined by analysis of NMR spectra, and as well as comparison with reported literature. Compound 1 showed significant cytotoxicity toward the human lung carcinoma cell A-549 with IC50 of 8,27 ± 0,97 μM. Keywords—Physalis angulata, withanolide, physagulin J, physagulin K, physagulin N


Ratings from 84 students of selected attitudes before a brief introduction to a method of meditation and responses afterward correlated moderately, suggesting those favoring personal growth will favor meditation.


IT offer many possibilities in terms of diffusion of information or information need. They now are part of our dailylife and the press online is a good example: journal articles are available in many forms such as references, abstracts, hyperlinks, full texts... Information scientists are in direct competition with information providers, but they can also be partners.


This article focuses on the advantages of transit oriented development. It profiles the FasTracks project in Denver, Colorado, and how parking can play a significant in the success of the system if it is integrated into the design of the light rail transit facilities. The article discusses the dimensions of the FasTracks system and how it will enhance the Regional Transportation District's (RTD) network through the addition of 119 miles of light rail , 56 additional transit stations, and 18 new miles of bus rapid transit (BRT). It looks at some FasTracks parking issues, such as unexpected high ridership on the RTD's first light rail line, increases in real estate value near transit stations, residential and office development at LRT stations, competition for parking spaces, and land availability. In addition, the article offers a summary of parking design principles that should be considered in order to optimize results. These include creating a station area development plan, shared parking and parking reduction strategies, strategic parking location, and the timing of transit-oriented development.


Cutter nomenclature and machining conditions has invoke critical impact on the machining behavior and surface integrity of machined samples. In this investigation, the slot milling operation has been performed under various cutter terminology or nomenclature (cutter with the RRA of −7°, 0° and 7°) and cutting conditions (spindle speed, table feed and MQL flow rate) to analyze its resulting outcome on the surface morphological features such as surface roughness (Sa), skewness (S sk ) and kurtosis (S ku ), etc Because the examination of these characteristics are important and significant to analyze the behavioral changes of asperities such as decohesion, wear resistance and adhesion, etc during in its relative motion. Additionally, the plasticity index and surface morphology of machined samples are helps to predict the variation in surface morphology under various machining behavior and through this study, it is found that the interactive effect of MQL flow rate and table feed offer higher and significant impact over the surface characteristics followed by the MQL flow rate during slot milling process.


Three dimension free curves find wide applications in engineering. There is no problem to express them exactly mathematically, but th e reportage has not been done on the investigation of precision analysis of thre e-dimension free curves nanofabrication. Nanofabrication Precision includes the geometrical precision and the precision of driving system (below simply cal led the system precision). This paper submits the precision analysis method of c urve normal vector to analyze geometrical precision. Take an aspherical surf ace for example, it can be fitted and constructed by tensor product parameter cu rves, such as linear drawing curves, straight veins curves, rotating curves, swe eping curves, DUCT curves and Geomap curves. Then the curves of the aspherical s urface is iterated and modified to select the best fitted curves of the aspheric al surface. Finally, the geometrical precision of perfect approximate aspherical surface fitting has been sought. This kind of geometrical fitting construction is very important. Another is the system precision, which contains axial position precision, line p recision, and twisting and swinging precision, etc. The paper adopts the theory of precision optimum match (Prof. Wang Er-qi first put forward in 19 83) to allocate precision optimumly. The minimum cost is used as an objective fu nction, and weight method matches the precision. To obtain the optimum match combination of the minimum cost design parameters and every composing element t olerance, the precision is iterated and sought optimumly to design the system op timumly. The theoretical analysis shows that it's feasible to control three dim ension free curves nanofabrication within nanometer scale precision.


Logistics centre construction projects with high risks,according to the characteristics of Logistics centre construction projects with high risks,according to the characteristics of a logistics centre construction projects by the various risks and risk factors,and on this basis,setting up a risk evaluation index system,fuzzy comprehensive evaluation of a logistics Center construction project has assessed the level of risk.


article shows the project "Art Therapy for all the pupils: The Key lies in the difference". Heterogeneity is a basic element to configure the groups and to learn together. What is intended is that differences can "emerge". At the same time we search relations between emotion and cognition


Objective: To evaluate the correlation of the cross-sectional areas (CSA) of paraspinal (multifidus and erector spinae) and psoas muscles and chronic low back pain by MRI (magnetic resonance image) in young and middle-aged patients. Method: Medical records of eighty subjects (50 young-aged and 30 middle-aged men) with low back pain were retrospectively reviewed. Their MR images were scanned and analysed by means of pixel to find the lumbar paraspinal and psoas muscle CSA and evaluated the correlation of the types of disc and age. Results: There were significant increases of body mass index (BMI) in middle-aged patients compared with young- aged, and no difference in the disc types. Paraspinal muscle atrophy was increased in young patients with HIVD (herniated intervertebral disc), but not in middle-aged patients although they had HIVD. Conclusion: The paraspinal and psoas muscle atrophy could be assessed by MRI of lumbar spine in young patient with chronic low back pain. It may helpful for further evaluation and planning the treatment of low back pain. (J Korean Acad Rehab Med 2007; 31: 1-6)


The interpersonal play of obligations: the sawmill owner and his workers in a field of intersubjecyivity. (Paper presenterat vid SIEFs 8:e kongress, "Among others", i Marseille, den 26-30 april


This paper discusses the allegation of search bias as abuse of dominant position and the arguments that are typically raised to support search neutrality as a standard paradigm of behavior for firms on the market for organic searches over the internet. Google is currently being investigated by a number of antitrust authorities worldwide for allegedly altering the results of searches conducted through its search engine and competitors claim this is done to exclude them from contiguous markets. Rathe than siding with one party or another, this paper aims at providing a sound and consistent framework of analysis, particularly as far as European competition policy is concerned.


................................................................................................................................... ii Acknowledgements ................................................................................................................ iv List of Symbols and Abbreviations ....................................................................................... v List of Figures and Tables ..................................................................................................... ix Introduction ............................................................................................................................. 1 Goals ......................................................................................................................................... 3 Overall Approach.................................................................................................................... 3 Experimental Methods ........................................................................................................... 4 Materials ............................................................................................................................................4 Polydimethylsiloxane .....................................................................................................................4 Poly(methyl methacrylate) .............................................................................................................5 Microfabrication of 3-D Microbioreactor (3-D MBR) ..................................................................5 Mathematical Model of 3-D MBR ...................................................................................................7 Cell Culture .......................................................................................................................................9 Static ECFC Attachment Assay ......................................................................................................9 3D Microbioreactor Preparation and Cell Culture .....................................................................10 ECFC Attachment in 3-D Microbioreactor .................................................................................11 Immunofluorescence Staining and Imaging .................................................................................11 Flow Cytometry ..............................................................................................................................12 RT-PCR ...........................................................................................................................................12 Graphs and Statistics .....................................................................................................................13


When strains of Salmonella typhimurium unable to utilize meso-tartrate were grown for 24 hours in peptone water containing 0.1 or 1 per cent of meso-tartrate, measurements of the optical densities of the cultures were considerably less than those of cultures grown in peptone water without meso-tartrate. This reduction in the growth yield was observed not only when the meso-tartrate was present throughout the whole period of incubation, but also when the meso-tartrate was added to cultures in the log phase of growth, for there was then an immediate reduction in the rate of growth and a reduction in the final population of cells. These effects were observed whether growth was assessed turbidimetrically or by viable count. The effect of the meso-tartrate was not bactericidal, for washing of the inhibited cells and their transfer to fresh peptone water released them from the inhibited state. Some Krebs cycle intermediates, such as oxaloacetate, malate, fumarate or succinate, when added to peptone water cultures of meso-tartrate-non-fermenting strains stimulated their growth and when added together with the meso-tartrate prevented the meso-tartrate from exerting its growth inhibitory effect. Other Krebs intermediates, such as citrate, although growth stimulatory, had only a limited effect in releasing cells from the growth inhibition by meso-tartrate. Inhibition was also observed in defined salts media in which the presence of meso-tartrate prevented S. typhimurium strains from meso-tartrate-negative biotypes from using glycerol or citrate as sole carbon source.


Advances in understanding the dynamics of tornado vortices since the Lubbock symposium of 1976 are reviewed. The focus is on results obtained from experimental work with laboratory models and from numerical simulations of both real and laboratory events. Progress is shown to have been made in two areas: an increased appreciation for the possible complexities of tornado vortex structure and an improved understanding of the vorticity dynamics of columnar vortices. With respect to the former the evolution of the central core flow from a single-celled to a two-celled flow is described, and a mechanism capable of producing the multiple-vortex phenomenon is discussed. In the latter area the arrangements of vortex lines within the surface inflow layer and in the cores of one- and two-celled vortices are presented. It is seen that both the laboratory work and the numerical simulations indicate a key role in the dynamics of the vortex core played by the vortex breakdown phenomenon. Wherever possible, the theoretical findings are related to recent high-quality observations of actual tornadoes.


This paper presents the results of the Study taken in Gicumbi District, Rwanda. It showed that Tea agriculture have degraded the environment through different types of Fertilizers used in tea plantations. The soil in tea plantation is acidic where the pH is less that 5; the Environment has been considerably degraded and water in river steams near to the tea plantation was polluted by agrochemicals used.


In real production processing, job shop scheduling problem (JSP) is often express as dynamic scheduling problem. In this article a hybrid genetic algorithm and handling strategies are used for real job shop scheduling problem. It gives the scheduling result with the appropriate handling strategies to the stochastic events such as equipment breakdown and urgent orders. The data of Shanghai Shen Mo Die & Mold Manufacturing Co., Ltd (ShenMo) is used for the application of dynamic scheduling simulation, and the results of which show that the proposed method can satisfactorily solve the stochastic events of scheduling.


Pekanbaru is growing rapidly and one of the largest in industry and commercial sector on Sumatera Island. Hydrogeological mapping and major elements in groundwater samples from protected wells were used to determine hydrochemical facies in Bukit Raya and Tenayan Raya sub-districts in Pekanbaru. A total of 14 groundwater samples were collected in May 2017. A Piper Trilinear diagram was employed to evaluate the hydrogeochemical evolution of groundwater. Results show that water table varies from 7.02 to 46.67 m in depth and flow toward the middle of research area which is Sail River. Based on groundwater table, the relationship between groundwater and river water was effluent. Hydrochemical facies of groundwater in the study area are dominated by sodium chloride, calcium chloride, and calcium bicarbonate water type. Dominance of Na+ elements in facies is from the dissolution of Feldspar or Pyroxene in sand, and the Ca2+ element in facies is from the dissolution of Feldspar and Plagioclase in sand. The presence of Cl− element in facies is from salt crystals in rainwater, and the HCO3 − element in facies has contact with air and is dominated by rainwater. Lithology conditions in the study area are generally weathered so that the influence of rocks on rainwater is quite high.


A 30-band $\mathbf{k}\mathbf{∙}\mathbf{p}$ method taking into account spin-orbit coupling is used to describe the band diagram of Ge, Si, and GaAs over the whole Brillouin zone on an extent of $5\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{eV}$ above and $6\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{eV}$ under the top of the valence band. The band diagrams provide effective masses in agreement with experimental data both for direct gap semiconductors (GaAs) and for indirect gap semiconductors (Ge, Si). This method also gives explicit expressions for Luttinger parameters and effective masses in the $\ensuremath{\Gamma}$ valley.


With the rise of power capability and voltage class in offshore wind turbines, modular multilevel converters (MMCs) have become a promising candidate for offshore wind energy conversion systems. The hybrid MMC consisting of full-bridge submodules (SMs) and half-bridge SMs is able to handle dc faults but lower in efficiency and reliability, which need to be improved for offshore wind turbines. Active redundancy configurations are suitable for medium-voltage MMC to increase reliability at the expense of efficiency. This paper presents quantified analysis of power loss and reliability on MMC with different active redundancy configurations, taking 10 MW, 10 kV for example. Firstly, considering active redundancy, the numerical approach to power loss is derived based on the operation modes of hybrid MMC as a rectifier, and the impact of hybrid redundant SMs in full wind speed range is analyzed. Then, the reliability model of MMC considering redundancy configuration is established and the impact is assessed. Finally, analysis of power loss and reliability on hybrid MMC with different redundant SMs is obtained based on engineering parameters, and effectiveness of the proposed assessment method is verified through Matlab.


The cosmological baryon asymmetry can be explained as remnant of heavy Majorana neutrino decays in the early universe. We study this mechanism for two models of neutrino masses with a large νμ − ντ mixing angle which are based on the symmetries SU(5) × U(1)F and SU(3)c × SU(3)L × SU(3)R × U(1)F , respectively. In both cases B−L is broken at the unification scale ΛGUT . The models make different predictions for the baryogenesis temperature and the gravitino abundance. ⋆ Contribution to the Festschrift for L. B. Okun, to appear in a special issue of Physics Reports, eds. V. L. Telegdi and K. Winter Preprint submitted to Elsevier Preprint 1 February 2008 1 Baryogenesis and lepton number violation The cosmological matter antimatter asymmetry, the ratio of the baryon density to the entropy density of the universe, YB = nB − nB s = (0.6 − 1) · 10 , (1) can in principle be understood in theories where baryon number, C and CP are not conserved [1]. The presently observed value of the baryon asymmetry is then explained as a consequence of the spectrum and interactions of elementary particles, together with the cosmological evolution. A crucial ingredient of baryogenesis is the connection between baryon number (B) and lepton number (L) in the high-temperature, symmetric phase of the standard model. Due to the chiral nature of the weak interactions B and L are not conserved[2]. At zero temperature this has no observable effect due to the smallness of the weak coupling. However, as the temperature approaches the critical temperature TEW of the electroweak phase transition, B and L violating processes come into thermal equilibrium[3]. These 'sphaleron processes' violate baryon and lepton number by three units,


Force-free control with velocity consideration under the assigned locus is proposed for an articulated robot arm. The tip of the robot arm is moved on an objective locus according to the tip velocity. Then, the direction of the tip velocity, which corresponds to the exerted force, is modified to the tangential direction of the assigned locus. The contouring work of an articulated robot arm is, therefore, carried out with a force-free control. The effectiveness of the proposed force-free control is assured by simulation and experimental work on a two-degree-of-freedom articulated robot arm. Applications of the force-free control with an assigned locus are also discussed.


Objective:To investigate the mRNA and protein expressions of Rac1 and HIF-1α in human esophageal squamous cell cancer Eca109 and the effects on the cell proliferation of Eca109.Methods:The mRNA and protein expressions of Rac1 and HIF-1α were detected by semi-quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot under hypoxia;The expression of HIF-1α mRNA and the cell proliferation were detected by semi-quantitative RT-PCR and MTT in Eca109 cell line with the use of Rac1 specific inhibitor NSC23766 un-der normoxia and hypoxia.Results:The mRNA and protein expressions of Rac1 and HIF-1α were upregulated in Eca109 cell line by hypoxia,up to the maximum in 24 h.Rac1 specific inhibitor NSC23766 reversed the hyoxia-induced upregulation of HIF-1α mRNA and significantly inhibited the proliferation of Eca109 cell line.Conclusion:Rac1 and HIF-1α were both activated by hypoxia,and might be involved in the proliferation of the cancer cell.


A system to measure power frequency electromagnetic field based on wireless transmission is developed. The wireless transmission module used in the system adopted FSK modulation mode and highly effective forward error correction channel coding technology,and the anti-interference feature is obvious,which has been validated by measuring the electromagnetic field in the vicinity of the switches of 220kV and 500 kV respectively.


The invention provides a route searching method and a route searching system. The route searching method comprises the following steps: based on a starting point and a terminal point, finding out if there is a matched commonly used route in a commonly used route library, wherein if the matched commonly used route is found out, directly returning to the matched commonly used route to use the matched commonly used route as the final recommended route, if not, calculating an initial route of the starting point and the terminal point by using a route searching algorithm; by aiming at the endpoints of the calculated initial route and all links, finding out a matched common used route in the commonly used route library, and replacing corresponding parts of the initial route to obtain candidate routes; and evaluating all obtained candidate routes, and selecting a candidate route which has a longest length that replacing the initial route to use the candidate route as the final recommended route.


Method for acquiring shapes from images with cases and case-based recognition of objects in digital images, - wherein the one for acquiring shapes from images with cases and for learning abstract shape models from these cases for a case database for each image with cases by manually starting from edges of an image in the form of visible outer and / or inner contours using a handheld feasible and with connected to a computer input device and thus these edges cases assignable data are obtained, in each case at least two cases are compared with each other via a displacement and scaling each case and - wherein the other for detecting an object in a digital image with objects from the case database, a case is selected as a case image with a case description, at the same time an image sequence is generated as a pyramid with image planes of the case image, generates a gradient image of the current digital image and in an image sequence as a pyramid with ...


Many shipborne command and control systems(SCCS) have been developed by using the component technology.In order to evaluate these SCCS's performance,an evaluation method is presented for components that can evaluate and integrate several performance indexes of a component to generate a comprehensive evaluation value.The comprehensive performance of the SCCS is obtained to accumulated the evaluation values of all components in the systems.The evaluation method emphasizes on analyzing the feature of the component's superior performances,where the case that an inferior performance is hidden by many superior performances is considered.Therefore,this method with a simple evaluation process is superior to the evaluation method using a single performance index,which leads to a simpler and more comprehensive evaluation of the component-based SCCS.


We investigated the impact of drought on interan- nual variability of net primary productivity (NPP) from 1997 to 2009, using the standardized precipitation evapotranspira- tion index (SPEI) drought index and satellite-derived vege- tation greenness converted to NPP. SPEI is positive for wet conditions and negative for dry conditions. We found that SPEI and NPP were coupled and showed in-phase behaviour on a global scale. We then used the Koppen climate classifi- cation to study the SPEI-NPP relations regionally and found that while NPP and SPEI were positively related (high SPEI, high NPP) in arid and in seasonal dry regions, the opposite occurs in most boreal regions (high SPEI, low NPP). High intensity drought events, such as the 2003 drought in Eu- rope were picked up by our analysis. Our findings suggest that the strong positive relation between global average mois- ture availability and NPP consists of a composite of the posi- tive relation across dry regions and the coherent NPP decline during and after intensive drought events in humid regions. Importantly, we also found that there are many areas on the globe that show no strong correlation between drought and NPP.


Summary. Asymptotic ray theory (ART) fails in transition regions near critically reflected, bottom glancing or caustic-forming rays in a vertically inhomogeneous layered earth. These deficiencies are repaired here by replacing the transitional ray fields with guided modes plus truncation remainders. Exact ray-mode equivalences and their high-frequency asymptotic approximations are formulated, and their validity and efficiency are verified by numerical comparisons for SH motion in a two-layer earth model comprised of an inhomogeneous sediment above an homogeneous semi-infinite bedrock.


2 Hydroponic versus rooted growth of Zostera marina L. (Eelgrass) 3 4 Patrick D. Biber* 5 Institute of Marine Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 3431 Arendell Street, Morehead City, NC 6 28557, USA 7 Gulf Coast Research Laboratory, The University of Southern Mississippi, 703 East Beach Drive, Ocean Springs, MS 8 39564, USA 9 (*Author for correspondence: Tel.: +1-228-872-4260; Fax: +1-228-872-4204; E-mail: email@example.com)


Objective : Enhancing communication skills is important for university students in Japan. However, a practical evidence-based approach cannot be employed for analyzing assertiveness among university students due to lack of evidence. This study examines the relationship between the experience of sports and physical activity ( PA ) at different developmental stages and the level of assertiveness among university students. Methods : 756 university students ( 235 males and 521 females ) in Japan participated in this study. Experience of sports and PA levels were evaluated based on the items of sports carrier profile and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire short form. Assertiveness was assessed using the Rathus Assertiveness Schedule. Results : In the logistic regression, participation in sports at middle or high competitive levels in the elementary school stage was associated with assertiveness in university students ( inexperience versus middle competitive levels: adjusted odds ratio 1.70, 95% confidence interval 1.02-2.81, inexperience versus high competitive levels: AOR 2.29, 95% confidence interval 1.11 -4.71 ) . Moderate or vigorous PA was associated with assertiveness in university students ( inactive versus moderate PA with over 720 min/wk: AOR 1.97, 95% confidence interval 1.05-3.72, inactive versus vigorous PA within 360.0-739.9 min/wk: AOR 2.19, 95% confidence interval 1.31-3.68 ) . Conclusions : Promotion of participation in youth sports and ensuring sufficient PA levels in campus life can enhance assertiveness in university students.


Given the limited number of documents addressing methodological context in higher education with a rigorous approach, this chapter comprises a document drawn up in order to clarify methodological concepts. It emphasizes the importance of the teaching-learning process and the significance of placing the student at the center of all actions. The educator's mission changes from being a mere transmitter of information to being a conductor and organizer of the learning situation. To achieve this, several methods must be combined, requiring a balance between the theoretical and practical classes. Likewise, they can be benefited by carrying out complementary activities. This combination is intended to face the great challenges of higher education in the 21st century, which are driven by changes in the way students learn. The emergence of technologies means that the protagonist in the collective construction of knowledge is the student, responding to their digital and participatory demands.


Business Process Management and Knowledge Management are now considered to be the most important methods implemented in contemporary enterprises. It is essential to analyzed, modelling and constantly improve processes. The process maturity models can allows to assess the current state, point out strengths and weaknesses of an organization, indicate areas in need of improvement. The main aim of this article is to systematize the knowledge on process maturity models and the diagnosis business process management in Polish companies in relation to international research. The article presents the results of empirical research in the area of process maturity of companies in knowledge perspective conducted by the authors in Polish enterprises in 2014.


The plant hormone auxin has long been known to play a crucial role in plant growth and development, but how it affects so many different processes has remained a mystery. Recent evidence from genetic and molecular studies has begun to reveal a possible mechanism for auxin action. In this article we will present an overview with specific emphasis on auxin's role in roots of Arabidopsis thaliana, focusing on cell division, elongation and differentiation.


Correlation-immune is an important criteria for Boolean function resisting correlation attack.In this paper,the possessed knowledge on study generalized correlation-immunity is introduced,including stream ciphers system,Booleam function in ciphers,divide-and-conquer attacks,ungraduated ruler of correlation-immune.Also the generalizations of correlation-immune are introduced.We show that generalized correlation-immune can avoid the contradiction between correlation-immune and linear complexity.Then a general study of the extension of correlation-immune is presented in this paper.


At present, the domestic and foreign scholars mainly use the co integration test to study the relationship between defense spending and economic growth. These methods mainly study the relationship from the point of view of the data, which can only come to the long-term stable relationship or causal relationship between the two, not specifically found how the relationship between defense spending and economic growth is. In this paper, a dynamic economic approach is used to establish the DE-GDPNLDS nonlinear dynamic system model between defense expenditure and economic growth.


Assembly comprising: a mesa structure, which is defined in a first type of semiconductor, wherein the first type of the semiconductor material includes an absorption region which is optically coupled to receive an optical beam, and to absorb; and a planar area defined separately from the mesa structure and a second type of semiconductor material, wherein the planar region comprises a multiplication region containing a p-doped region adjacent to an n-doped region to operate in the multiplication region of a strong near and to produce electric field to multiply charge carriers, photo generated in response to the absorption of the optical beam which has been received in the mesa structure.


Patient data is very valuable and must be protected from misuse by the third parties. Also, the rights of patient like privacy, confidentiality of medical information, information about possible risks of medical treatment, to consent or refuse a treatment are very much important. Individuals should have the right to access their health records and get these deleted from hospital records after completing the treatment. Traditional ways of keeping paper-based health records are being replaced by electronic health records as they increase portability and accessibility to medical records. Governments and hospitals across the world and putting huge efforts to implement the electronic health records. The present work explores the different aspects of health privacy and health records. Most important stakeholders, technological and legal aspects have been presented from both the Indian and international perspectives. A comparative analysis has been presented for the available EHR standards with a focus on their roles and implementation challenges.


Despite conceptual developments of the 1970s which expanded the domain of marketing from a purely business orientation to incorporate wider social causes, marketing education has continued to be dominated by the commercial perspective. Issues such as the appropriateness or otherwise of the application of marketing tools to the selling of ideas and changes in behaviors are usually only addressed as a special interest topic within general marketing courses. However, the expansion of interest in social marketing over the past decade has resulted in a greater demand for a more in-depth treatment of the subject in the tertiary education curriculum. One university which has taken the opportunity to develop the area of social marketing into a teaching specialization is Griffith University in Australia, which first offered a course devoted entirely to social marketing as part of the undergraduate curriculum in 1994. This paper outlines why and how the subject is taught and how it complements the broader curriculum of the university as well as including an overview of some of the special issues that arise in teaching a subject of this type. Between 1969 and 1972, the marketing discipline redefined and dramatically broadened its domain. First, Kotler and Levy (1969) broadened the concept of marketing, then Kotler and Zaltman (1971) specifically applied marketing to the arena of planned social change and, finally, Kotler (1972) articulated the generic concept of marketing. This generic concept — the dominant paradigm of the discipline — asserts the applicability of marketing to all kinds of exchanges, not just commercial exchanges between a customer and a supplier (Graham, 1993; Graham, 1994). This expansion of the application of the marketing concept to include nonprofit organizations, government bodies and social causes has provided a fertile ground for researchers. However, it has not yet become a significant, nor even normal, feature of marketing education within University programs. Griffith University in Australia is ideally suited to taking on the challenge of incorporating social marketing into the curriculum. Griffith University was established in 1971 with a view to broadening the discipline-based structures of traditional universities and has promoted the study and teaching of significant new fields. Evidence of this commitment includes the establishment of specialist faculties in Asian studies and environmental studies, areas not usually found in the older, more traditional universities. From its inception, multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary teaching and research has been actively encouraged at Griffith University. It was within this multi- and inter-disciplinary environment that the course in Social Marketing was developed. It is worth noting that the specialization in Social Marketing was developed in response to student interest, rather than as a result of a traditional inclusion or ideological assertion of relevance. Originally, social marketing was taught as a minor part of another undergraduate elective, Contemporary Issues in Marketing.


This paper presents a method for the explicit construction of radially symmetric solutions to the semilinear elliptic problem v+ f(v)=0 in B v=0 on@B ; where B is a ball in R N and f is a continuous piecewise linear function. Our construction method is inspired on a result by E. Deumens and H. Warchall [8], and uses spline of Bessel's functions. We prove uniqueness of solutions for this problem, with a given number of nodal regions and dierent sign at the origin. In addition, we give a bifurcation diagram when f is multiplied by a parameter.


Rigorous academic work in the field of the history of sport is increasingly correcting academics' previous unwarranted contemptuous neglect of the subject. As a consequence of this prior neglect and of structural and theoretical influences on the field, however, historians of sport still have some difficulty in dealing with the history of critical responses to sport, a problem which may exacerbate the residual condescension of the academic mainstream. This paper offers a modest contribution to correcting the errors of both sets of scholars, by tracing and interpreting one small but historically significant and resilient strain within such critical responses to sport in Britain, and linking its initial appearance to politically progressive critiques of imperialism and nationalism from the early twentieth century.


Nano-aluminum was subjected to surface activation using sodium hydroxide(NaOH)solution.In order to introduce epoxy group onto the surface of nano-aluminum,γ-glycidoxypropy1 trimethoxysilane(KH560)and EP resin were used for surface treatment after the activation process.The effect of activated nano-aluminum and epoxy functionalized nano-aluminum on the mechanism and kinetic parameters of curing reaction of epoxy resin were studied by means of nonisothermal differential scanning calorimetry(DSC).The relationship between activation energy and conversion of the curing reaction was determined by using the isoconversional methods of Friedman and KAS,and the kinetics parameters were also obtained by using Kissinger equation.The results showed that the existence of activated nano-aluminum and epoxy functionalized nano-aluminum increased the rate constant and decreased gelling temperature.The addition of activated nano-aluminum and epoxy functionalized nano-aluminum increased activation energy and dealing temperature.When 2% KH560 modified nano-aluminum was used,gelling temperature decreased 6.5℃,and dealing temperature increased 17.5℃,but has no obvious effect on the order of reaction and did not change the overall curing reaction mechanism.


The construction of WebGIS are building gradually in various cities,in ordee to use them in relevant fields in society.But for operating vector graph and processing mass data in GIS, new requirements are offered network exchanges and realizing ways. The paper provides suggestions of WebGIS construction along with the practical situation.


In light of looming new bridge, pavement and asset-management data requirements (under the U.S. Department of Transportation (USDOT)'s Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century Act (MAP-21)), the Utah Department of Transportation (UDOT) is providing a guide to take risk-based asset management to a new level, using public-private partnerships, and thus creating the kind of management system that Congress envisioned. The steps that UDOT undertook to create this system are detailed here.


Amongst densely populated areas such as New York, Hong Kong, Seoul and etc., apartments and condominiums grew to be the most commonly used type of housing units. Throughout the years we have witnessed many issues within the residents living in such units suffer from apartment noise. Lousy neighbors are not the only cause of such problems but the way houses were built, more specifically type and thickness of the flooring materials, determines the amount of noise transfer from one household to the other. In this paper, we show feasibility of classifying flooring materials using COTS (Commercial Off-The-Shelf) mobile devices. We exert each flooring materials propagating synthetic chirps in various ways. Our approach makes it possible to distinguish three types of target flooring materials (wood, polystyrene and concrete) and can also give similar results when the target materials are piled on top of one another. To this end we i) design an acoustic signal which effectively differentiates each target flooring materials, ii) gather sound samples propagated from the target materials, and iii) provide a classification methodology using methods such as SVM and KNN. Finally, we discuss the necessities to achieve the final goal of identifying flooring materials and their thickness.


Since 19th century , the comparative method as a way of academic disciplines has been well known for study. The comparative method in comparative studies in fact is a way of thinking. Its origin is a dialectical logic and ancient thinking way. So for an academic course, the comparative study is not only a method but also a change in the types of culture. All the comparative study including comparative literatures and others aim at the new direction of times of Globalization.


nerable to protocol-level attacks. For example, a spammer could shift the load of solving Captcha challenges to porn site visitors; a spammer could also outsource such a task to people in countries where cheap labor is available. System design is also important. For example, hackers could bypass some early Captchas simply by reusing a known challenge image's session ID. 3 We have explored another aspect of Captchas' secu-rity—namely, their robustness, or the strength of their resistance to computer programs written to automatically solve Captcha tests. We found that numerous recent Captchas, including the schemes widely deployed by Microsoft, Yahoo, and Google as well as others less well known, could be broken with high success using simple but novel attack strategies that exploited fatal design errors in each scheme. In contrast to current techniques used to improve Captchas' robustness, developed primarily by the computer vision and document analysis and pattern recognition communities , we advocate a security engineering approach that applies adversarial thinking skills. Although we have focused on text-based Captchas, some of the lessons we have learned also apply to other types. A Captcha—completely automated public Turing test to tell computers and humans apart, also known as a human interaction proof—is a program that generates and grades tests that are human solvable but intended to be beyond current com-puters' capabilities. 1 This technology often makes use of a hard, open AI problem and is now a standard defense on commercial websites against undesirable or malicious Internet bot programs. For example, Google, Microsoft, and Yahoo have all deployed Captchas to make it more difficult for spammers to harvest free e-mail accounts. In 1996, Moni Naor first proposed using automated Turing tests to verify that a human, rather than a bot, was making a query to a service over the Web. 2 AltaVista patented a similar idea in 1998. A research team at Carnegie Mellon University (CMU) led by Manuel Blum and Luis von Ahn coined the term Captcha in 2000, and they played a major role in popularizing the technology. To date, the most widely used Captchas are text-based schemes that prompt users to recognize distorted characters, which state-of-the-art pattern recognition programs supposedly cannot do. Because a Captcha's role is effectively the same as a simple challenge-response protocol, Captchas are vul-Captchas are a standard defense on commercial websites against undesirable or malicious Internet bot programs, but widely deployed schemes can be …


This paper presents a web-based consumer energy portal (CEP) and home energy management system (HEMS) developed in Laboratory for Clean Energy Research (LaCER), School of Electrical & Electronic Engineering in Nanyang Technological University (NTU). The CEP developed will be deployed in NTU campus to provide home users at staff quarters with improved energy services such as electricity billing, outage detection and notification, metering information and energy analysis via websites, distributed generation (DG) aggregation for market participation, home energy management system (HEMS), Time of Use (ToU) pricing scheme selection and demand response management (DRM). A ZigBee based HEMS has been developed with NI-LabVIEW software to take advantage of the CEP. With the CEP and HEMS, home users can manage their energy consumption wisely based on ToU pricing and increase in energy efficiency with the help of the DRM function. Simulation studies were done with the historical data collected from the smart meters installed at staff quarters to show the impact of implementing load shifting technique and incorporating distributed energy resources (DERs) such as Solar Photovoltaic (PV) system and battery storage system (BESS) for noncontestable consumers in NTU.


Objective To analyze the complication of different temperature of irrigation fluid on transurethral eletro-vaporization prostatectomy.Methods 75 patients underwent transurethral eletro-va-porization prostatectomy were divided into 5 groups! A, B, C, D and E XThe temperature range of irrigation fluid were respectively group A:20 ~ 23 ℃; group B:24 ~ 27℃; group C:28~ 3℃; group D:32 ~ 35 ℃ and group E:36 ~ 38℃.The changes of temperature, complication, blood pressure, hart rate and operation time were observed.Results Rise with the temperature, the complications was decreased and the range of 32~ 35℃ was obviously than those of the other groups.Conclusions The using temperature of 32~ 35℃ irrigation fluid can reducing occure of complication of transurethral eletro-vaporization prostatectomy.

Key words:
Transurethral eletro-vaporization prostatectomy;  Temperature of irrigation fluid;  Complication


Predictive risk stratification model: a randomised stepped-wedge trial in primary care (PRISMATIC) Helen Snooks,1* Kerry Bailey-Jones,2 Deborah Burge-Jones,2 Jeremy Dale,3 Jan Davies,4 Bridie Evans,1 Angela Farr,5 Deborah Fitzsimmons,5 Jane Harrison,6 Martin Heaven,7 Helen Howson,8 Hayley Hutchings,1 Gareth John,9 Mark Kingston,1 Leo Lewis,10 Ceri Phillips,5 Alison Porter,1 Bernadette Sewell,5 Daniel Warm,11 Alan Watkins,1 Shirley Whitman,4 Victoria Williams1 and Ian T Russell1 1Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, UK 2Abertawe Bro Morgannwg University Health Board, Port Talbot, UK 3Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK 4Independent service user 5Swansea Centre for Health Economics, Swansea University, Swansea, UK 6Public Health Wales, Cardiff, UK 7The FARR Institute, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, UK 8Bevan Commission, School of Management, Swansea University, Swansea, UK 9NHS Wales Informatics Service, Cardiff, UK 10International Foundation for Integrated Care, Oxford, UK 11Hywel Dda University Health Board, Hafan Derwen, Carmarthen, UK *Corresponding author email@example.com Background: With a higher proportion of older people in the UK population, new approaches are needed to reduce emergency hospital admissions, thereby shifting care delivery out of hospital when possible and safe. Study aim: To evaluate the introduction of predictive risk stratification in primary care. Objectives: To (1) measure the effects on service usage, particularly emergency admissions to hospital; (2) assess the effects of the Predictive RIsk Stratification Model (PRISM) on quality of life and satisfaction; (3) assess the technical performance of PRISM; (4) estimate the costs of PRISM implementation and its effects; and (5) describe the processes of change associated with PRISM. Design: Randomised stepped-wedge trial with economic and qualitative components. Setting: Abertawe Bro Morgannwg University Health Board, south Wales. Participants: Patients registered with 32 participating general practices. Intervention: PRISM software, which stratifies patients into four (emergency admission) risk groups; practice-based training; and clinical support. DOI: 10.3310/hsdr06010 HEALTH SERVICES AND DELIVERY RESEARCH 2018 VOL. 6 NO. 1 © Queen's Printer and Controller of HMSO 2018. This work was produced by Snooks et al. under the terms of a commissioning contract issued by the Secretary of State for Health. This issue may be freely reproduced for the purposes of private research and study and extracts (or indeed, the full report) may be included in professional journals provided that suitable acknowledgement is made and the reproduction is not associated with any form of advertising. Applications for commercial reproduction should be addressed to: NIHR Journals Library, National Institute for Health Research, Evaluation, Trials and Studies Coordinating Centre, Alpha House, University of Southampton Science Park, Southampton SO16 7NS, UK. v Main outcome measures: Primary outcome – emergency hospital admissions. Secondary outcomes – emergency department (ED) and outpatient attendances, general practitioner (GP) activity, time in hospital, quality of life, satisfaction and costs. Data sources: Routine anonymised linked health service use data, self-completed questionnaires and staff focus groups and interviews. Results: Across 230,099 participants, PRISM implementation led to increased emergency admissions to hospital [ΔL = 0.011, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.010 to 0.013], ED attendances (ΔL = 0.030, 95% CI 0.028 to 0.032), GP event-days (ΔL = 0.011, 95% CI 0.007 to 0.014), outpatient visits (ΔL = 0.055, 95% CI 0.051 to 0.058) and time spent in hospital (ΔL = 0.029, 95% CI 0.026 to 0.031). Quality-of-life scores related to mental health were similar between phases (Δ = –0.720, 95% CI –1.469 to 0.030); physical health scores improved in the intervention phase (Δ = 1.465, 95% CI 0.774 to 2.157); and satisfaction levels were lower (Δ = –0.074, 95% CI – 0.133 to –0.015). PRISM implementation cost £0.12 per patient per year and costs of health-care use per patient were higher in the intervention phase (Δ = £76, 95% CI £46 to £106). There was no evidence of any significant difference in deaths between phases (9.58 per 1000 patients per year in the control phase and 9.25 per 1000 patients per year in the intervention phase). PRISM showed good general technical performance, comparable with existing risk prediction tools (c-statistic of 0.749). Qualitative data showed low use by GPs and practice staff, although they all reported using PRISM to generate lists of patients to target for prioritised care to meet Quality and Outcomes Framework (QOF) targets. Limitations: In Wales during the study period, QOF targets were introduced into general practice to encourage targeting care to those at highest risk of emergency admission to hospital. Within this dynamic context, we therefore evaluated the combined effects of PRISM and this contemporaneous policy initiative. Conclusions: Introduction of PRISM increased emergency episodes, hospitalisation and costs across, and within, risk levels without clear evidence of benefits to patients. Future research: (1) Evaluation of targeting of different services to different levels of risk; (2) investigation of effects on vulnerable populations and health inequalities; (3) secondary analysis of the Predictive Risk Stratification: A Trial in Chronic Conditions Management data set by health condition type; and (4) acceptability of predictive risk stratification to patients and practitioners. Trial and study registration: Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN55538212 and PROSPERO CRD42015016874. Funding: The National Institute for Health Research Health Services Delivery and Research programme. ABSTRACT NIHR Journals Library www.journalslibrary.nihr.ac.uk vi


】Objectives To investigate the needs of family members of patients in SICU.Methods Critical Care Family Needs Inventory(CCFNI) was applied to investigate 80 family members of patients in SICU.Results Among the top 10 needs of family members,6 were related to the assurance of patient's condition.Differences in education background,ICU experience and mode of payment had influence on their needs.Family members with ICU experience had stronger needs for the assurance of patient's condition and treatment information(P 0.01).Family members of self-supported patients had higher demand on comfort compared with those of patients who were at public expense or entitled to medical insurance(P 0.01).Conclusions Family members of ICU patients vary in their needs.ICU nurses should try to satisfy family members' needs by actively communicating with family members in a cooperative and trusty way,improving quality of nursing with humane management.


A software package for the atmospheric correction of airborne hyperspectral and multispectral image data has been developed at DLR. Reflective and thermal spectral channels are taken into account employing the MODTRAN code to calculate the radiative transfer. A list of four airborne sensors is currently included in a menu-driven user-friendly environment. New instruments may easily be added. This paper focuses on the algorithms employed for the processing of DAIS imagery. The DAIS is a digital airborne imaging spectrometer with 79 spectral bands covering the optical spectrum from the visible to the thermal infrared region.


Nonpyramidal neurons containing the calcium‐binding protein parvalbumin (PV) are one of the inhibitory elements of the hippocampal network. Previous studies have indicated that they are involved in septohippocampal disinhibitory circuits. This study analyzes the commissural and ipsilateral associational afferents of parvalbumin neurons. Injections of the anterograde tracer Phaseolus vulgaris‐leucoagglutinin (PHA‐L) into the hilus of the fascia dentata labeled numerous axons in the molecular layer that established synaptic contacts with parvalbumin‐immunoreactive neurons on both the injection and the contralateral side. Mossy fibers, labeled by injections into the granule cell layer, terminated on parvalbumin neurons in the hilus and in CA3. Injections of PHA‐L into CA3 resulted in a dense labeling of fibers in the hilus and in CA3, CA2, and CA1 on both the injection and the contralateral side. In all these hippocampal fields, PHA‐L‐labeled fibers established asymmetric contacts with PV‐immunoreactive, presumably GABAergic, inhibitory neurons. These observations indicate that parvalbumin‐immunoreactive inhibitory neurons in the hippocampus are targets of presumably excitatory associational and commissural projections and suggest that they are involved in feed‐forward and feed‐back circuits. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.