Pio Baroja is a famous Spanish writer, who was an ardent patriot and who harshly criticised the corrupt system in his country. He wrote numerous essays, critiques, plays, travel notes, memoirs, stories, and especially novels till his death in 1956. Baroja's The Tree of Knowledge in which he narrates some parts of his life, his study period as a medical student and the years when he practised as a doctor, has a crucial place in terms of the ongoing instabilities in the country. This paper discusses Baroja's reaction to the bad governance causing social, economic and political problems in Spain during his youth, and its reflection on his writing.


An improved 800bps speech coding algorithm is presented in this paper. Several methods are exploited to reduce the bit rate, such as dynamic bit allocation, multi-frame joint vector quantization and parameter interpolation. The 800 bps speech coding algorithm has been implemented on TMS320VC5416. The PESQ scores obtained with GL VQT are over 2.9, which show that the speech coding system can meet actual communication requirements.


This article examines the determinants of India's pharmaceutical exports in the context of the post-COVID scenario. Empirical results using panel data estimation of 42 pharmaceutical firms over the period 2007 to 2019 suggests that import intensity and research and development (R&D) expenditure are the two key determinants of export intensity. A strategy to diversify sources of imported inputs and incentivising R&D expenditure may be necessary to boost India's exports competitiveness further.


The pseudo-random-frequency signal injection method helps to decrease the intensity of acoustic noise generated by high-frequency signal injection. When running as a motor in the starting process, the aviation three-stage brushless synchronous starter/generator is in a high overload condition and the drastic change of the armature current will cause the saliency of the main machine to disappear or even reverse, which results in the failure of traditional rotor position estimation method based on saliency. This paper uses the multistage structure of the three-stage brushless synchronous starter/generator and the mutual inductance between the armature windings and field windings. By injecting two pseudo- random-frequency sinusoidal voltage signals with a phase difference of 90° into the αβ-axis of the main machine's stator and using square wave auxiliary signal to sample the current response signal of the main exciter's stator, the rotor position of the main machine can be estimated and the acoustic noise can be decreased.


Abstract CONSUMPTION of poultry meat has been increasing at a phenomenal rate in recent years. Since 1948 the annual per capita consumption of chicken has increased from less than 20 to over 28 pounds. During this same period the yearly production of fryers has increased from 370 million to nearly 1.8 billion in 1959. This indicates that all or most of the increase has been due to increased consumption of fryers. Factors which have undoubtedly contributed to this increase in consumption include a wider availability of fresh fryers throughout the year and a continual reduction in the retail price. Information concerning the availability of fresh and frozen fryers is of interest to producers as an indication of where and how their product is being merchandised. It may also acquaint consumers with the various forms in which frying chicken is available. The information is likewise useful to processors and retailers since poultry …


I agree with Gary Comstock's conclusion that Ilu: research program at Beltsville is not morally justified. Moreover, I have no substantial disagreement with the demils of his clear, closely-reasoned argument. However, it seems to me that two aspects of Comstock's argument call for further consideration and commentary, both because of their intrinsic philosophical interest and because they are the points in the argument most likely to be rejected by those predisposed to approve of the Beltsville project. I have in mind


Let V be an n-dimensional complex inner product space. Suppose H is a subgroup of the symmetric group of degree m, and : H ! C is an irreducible character (not necessarily linear). Denote by V (H) the symmetry class of tensors associated with H and . Let K(T) 2 End(V (H)) be the operator induced by T 2 End(V ). The decomposable numerical range W (T) of T is a subset of the classical numerical range W(K(T)) of K(T) dened as: W (T) = f(K(T)x � ;x � ) : xis a decomposable unit tensorg: In this paper, we study the interplay between the geometric proper- ties of W (T) and the algebraic properties of T. In fact, we extend some of the results of (C. K. Li and A. Zaharia, Decomposable nu- merical range on orthonormal decomposable tensors, Linear Algebra Appl. 308 (2000), no, 1-3, 139{152) and (C. K. Li and A. Zaharia, Induced operators on symmetry classes of tensors, Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 354 (2002), no. 2, 807{836), to non-linear irreducible characters.


The new molecules P3RhMe3-n(OTf)n are reported (n = 0−2; P3 = MeC(CH2PMe2)3; OTf = OS(O)2CF3). The known fac-(Me3P)3RhMe3 was converted to mer-(Me3P)3RhMe3-nCln (n = 1, 2) by cleavage with HCl in ether. X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS) of these were recorded, and all except the P3RhMe3-nCln series afforded clean spectra. XPS were also obtained for the known CnRhMe3-nXn (n = 0−2; X = Cl, Br, OTf; Cn = 1,4,7-trimethyl-1,4,7-triazacyclononane), CnRhX3 (X = Cl, Br), CnRhMe(OH)(OTf), and [CnRhMe2(CO)]OTf. An X-ray crystal structure of P3RhMe3 is reported, and the geometry at the metal is compared among P3RhMe3, (Me3P)3RhMe3, and CnRhMe3. Core binding energies (BEs) for the series L3RhMe3-nXn (L3 = Cn, P3) change linearly with n for a given L3 and X. For CnRhMe3-nXn, replacement of methyl by chloride or bromide gives similar ΔBE values (∼0.7 eV), while triflate-for-methyl substitution gives a much larger ΔBE (1.2 eV). Triflate-for-methyl substitution in P3RhMe3-n(OTf)n, however, causes a ΔBE of only 0.8 eV. Th...


Very recently, Lee et al. proposed a new three-party-authenticated key exchange protocol based on chaotic maps without using a password table. Their protocol enjoys many advantages over previous protocols, such as avoiding SQL injection or password guessing attacks. In this paper, however, we demonstrate that this protocol is insecure against a registration attack and a identity morphing attack. To the best of our understand, this is the first paper in the literature to demonstrate, with solid mathematical proofs, how registration attacks can be launched against chaotic based key exchange protocols. This idea may also be generalized to apply on other cryptographic protocols that user ID and credentials are highly tangled. Subsequently, we recommend some implementation level patches for the system.


The orthonormal polynomials for various pupils discussed in the preceding chapters represent balanced aberrations for those pupils, just as the Zernike circle polynomials (discussed in Chapter 4) do for a circular pupil. In this chapter, we consider the use of circle polynomials for the analysis of a noncircular wavefront. Since the circle polynomials form a complete set, any wavefront, regardless of the shape of the pupil (which defines the perimeter of the wavefront), can be expanded in terms of them. Moreover, since each orthonormal polynomial is a linear combination of the circle polynomials [see Eq. (3-18)], the wavefront fitting with the former set of polynomials is as good as that with the latter. However, we illustrate the pitfalls of using circle polynomials for a noncircular pupil by considering an annular and a hexagonal pupil.

It is shown that, unlike the orthonormal coefficients, the circle coefficients generally change as the number of polynomials used in the expansion changes. Although the wavefront fit with a certain number of circle polynomials is the same as that with the corresponding orthonormal polynomials, the piston circle coefficient does not represent the mean value of the aberration function, and the sum of the squares of the other coefficients does not yield its variance. While the interferometer setting errors of tip, tilt, and defocus from a 4-circle-polynomial expansion are the same as those from the orthonormal polynomial expansion, these errors obtained from, say, an 11-circlepolynomial expansion, and removed from the aberration function yield wrong polishing by zeroing out the residual aberration function. If the common practice of defining the center of an interferogram and drawing a circle around it is followed, and determining the circle coefficients in the same manner as for a circular interferogram, then the circle coefficients of a noncircular interferogram do not yield a correct representation of the aberration function. Moreover, in this case, some of the higher-order coefficients of aberrations that are nonexistent in the aberration function are also nonzero. Finally, the circle coefficients, however obtained, do not represent coefficients of the balanced aberrations for a noncircular pupil. Such results are illustrated analytically and numerically by considering annular and hexagonal Seidel aberration functions as examples.


The paper describes a comparative study of existing and novel text preprocessing and classification techniques for domain detection of user utterances. Two corpora are considered. The first one contains customer calls to a call centre for further call routing; the second one contains answers of call centre employees with different kinds of customer orientation behaviour. Seven different unsupervised and supervised term weighting methods were applied. The collective use of term weighting methods is proposed for classification effectiveness improvement. Four different dimensionality reduction methods were applied: stop-words filtering with stemming, feature selection based on term weights, feature transformation based on term clustering, and a novel feature transformation method based on terms belonging to classes. As classification algorithms we used k-NN and a SVM-based algorithm. The numerical experiments have shown that the simultaneous use of the novel proposed approaches (collectives of term weighting methods and the novel feature transformation method) allows reaching the high classification results with very small number of features.


In order to improve the isolated microspore culture system in Brassica juncea var. foliosa, five different genotypes of Brassica juncea var. foliosa were used to investigate the contribution of genotype, cool-pretreatment, heat shock, medium replacement and addition, as well as concentration of colchicine on microspore embryogenesis in vitro. Results showed that embryoids were obtained from four genotypes, and significant differences(P0.05, Duncan's MRT) were observed for embryo yield with the highest yield being 'Texuan-jiuxin'. For all cultivars, 24-48 h of cool-pretreatment at 4 ℃ and heat shock at 33-34 ℃ improved embryo yields. Also, medium addition and replacement enhanced microspore embryogenesis with the best treatment using a constant volume for a 90.0 g·L-1sucrose medium supplemented to a 170.0 g·L-1sucrose concentration medium after 48 h. In addition, treating the freshly isolated microspore with 1-10 mg·L-1colchicine for 24-48 h greatly improved(P0.05, Duncan's MRT)embryo yields of the four cultivars. The present results could be used to obtain haploid efficiently for the plant breeding and basic research in Brassica juncea var. foliosa.


ABSTRACT In this study, the potential biodegradation of the four isolated strains from oil fields of Bushehr was investigated in the presence of three polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: anthracene, phenanthrene, and pyrene in the carbon-free minimal medium culture. Moreover, the effects of environmental conditions such as pH value, temperature, nutrients, and salinity were studied. The results showed that approximately 80% of the hydrocarbons were remediated after three weeks. It was also found that at optimized amounts of the environmental factors the process had the best performance (pH 7.5, temperature 35°C, nitrogen5 g/L, phosphors 2 g/L, and salinity 1%).


The synthesis, structures and magnetic properties of a new trinuclear spin crossover complex, [FeII3(npt)6(EtOH)4(H2O)2](ptol)6·4EtOH (1), and of its CoII (2 and 3) and NiII (4) analogues, are reported here. The complexes were synthesized by reacting a 1,2,4-triazole-based ligand, 4-(4′-nitrophenyl)-1,2,4-triazole (npt), with the p-tolylsulfonate (ptol) metal salts in methanol or ethanol. Structural analyses revealed that all complexes are iomorphous and consist of a linear trinuclear core where metal centres are bridged by triazole groups. For 1, dc susceptibility measurements exhibit gradual spin transition with T1/2 = 148 K which corresponds to HS → LS crossover for the triazole bridged central FeII ion. This spin transition was confirmed by Single-Crystal X-Ray Diffraction data of 1 at 100 K and 181 K, where the low temperature measurement revealed a decrease in volume for the central FeII ion, which is in agreement with a HS → LS transition.


Wavelet transform is utilized in L layers. Encoding between frames is as following: carrying out wavelet positive transform in first layer for YUV three components; carrying out motion estimation for low frequency sub-band, which is obtained from wavelet transform in first layer of Y. Motion vector obtained is suitable to other three sub-bands in high frequency and UV. L-1 layers wavelet positive transform and encoding is carried out for coding motion vector and residual image. Decoding between frames is as following: decoding motion vector and residual image; using wavelet negative transform in L-1 layer for the residual image; based on reference frame to carry out motion compensation so as to obtain restored data; carrying out one layer wavelet negative transform for restored data so as to obtain restored image. The invention saving time for expending on motion estimation, and reducing number of motion vectors is in favor of real-time video encoding/decoding system in low code rate.


To be quite specific, let E(T) be a suitable encoding of T into the alphabet of D, and let E'(t) be a suitable encoding of a string t over the alphabet of T into the alphabet of D. The input to D is then of the form E'(t)E(T). It is reasonable to assume that D has to look at both E'(t) and E(T), and that it can distinguish between them on the input. If necessary an extra symbol (*, say) of the alphabet of D, not used in the encodings may be used: E'(t)~E(T).


Histopathology image classification can provide automated support towards cancer diagnosis. In this paper, we present a transfer learning-based approach for histopathology image classification. We first represent the image feature by Fisher Vector (FV) encoding of local features that are extracted using the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model pretrained on ImageNet. Next, to better transfer the pretrained model to the histopathology image dataset, we design a new adaptation layer to further transform the FV descriptors for higher discriminative power and classification accuracy. We used the publicly available BreaKHis image dataset for classifying between benign and malignant breast tumors, and obtained improved performance over the state-of-the-art.


Abstract Previously only one species of the genus Chrysosoma Guérin-Méneville was described from Tibet. Here four Chrysosoma species are added to the fauna of Tibet. The following three new species are described: Chrysosoma furcatum sp. nov., Chrysosoma nyingchiense sp. nov. and Chrysosoma spinosum sp. nov. Both a key to the species of the genus Chrysosoma from Tibet and a key to the species of the genus from China are presented respectively.


The Coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak was declared a public health emergency of international concern by the World Health Organisation. Pandemics can lead to increased level of stress and anxiety. This is especially true for COVID -19 when there is speculation surrounding the mode and rate of transmission, with the disease spreading at such a magnitude all around the globe. This online survey, related to the knowledge, attitude and anxiety about the novel Corona virus, was conducted among the urban population of Mumbai, India. A total of 155 responses were obtained. All the participants were above 18 years and of Indian origin. Among the participants, 74.2% were females and 25.8% were males. A majority of responders were aware of the basic knowledge of the disease COVID 19. About 65.2% participants reported that Corona virus can spread through touching, sneezing, kissing and food. Most of the participants had positive attitude towards the disease and the social practises related to the COVID 19. Majority of the participants complained of high anxiety and stress related to their personal hygiene, keeping a stock of all the essentials in their home and a constant fear of getting infected. Conclusion – There is moderate level of awareness about the knowledge related to the mode and spread of COVID 19 among the study population due to their high level of education and internet access. Though there is a positive attitude towards the practise of COVID protocol like isolation and the need for avoiding crowded places, there is still fear of getting infected among the study population.


Isoxazole compounds of formula (A) or (B) is an HSP90 activity inhibitor, for example useful for the treatment of cancer: (A), (B) [wherein, R 1 is formula (IA): - Ar 1 - (Alk 1) p - (Z) r - (Alk 2) s -Q ( where, in the combination that can be any coexistence, Ar 1 is an optionally may be substituted aryl or heteroaryl group , Alk 1 and Alk 2 are optionally substituted with C 1 to may bivalent also be -C 6 alkylene or C 2 -C 6 alkenylene group, p, r and s are independently 0 or 1, Z is -O -, - S -, - (C = O) -, - (C = S) -, - SO 2 -, - C (= O) O -, - C (= O) NR A -, -C (= S) NR A - , - SO 2 NR A -, - NR A C (= O) -, - NR A SO 2 - or -NR A - ( wherein, R A is hydrogen or C 1 ~ a C 6 alkyl), and Q is a group of hydrogen or optionally substituted by also a good carbocyclic or heterocyclic group); R 2 is as defined for (i) R 1 a group of formula (IA) is Luke; or (ii) a carboxamide group; or (iii) a non aromatic carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring (wherein, ring carbon and / or cyclic nitrogen formula - (Alk 1) p - ( Z) r - (Alk 2 ) s -Q (where, Q, Alk 1, Alk 2 , Z, p, r and s are groups (IA) may be optionally substituted by a group of is as defined above for)); and R 3 is hydrogen, or an optionally substituted they may be cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 1 -C 6 alkenyl or C 1 -C 6 alkynyl; or carboxy, carboxamido or carboxy is an ester group]


The proposed numerical procedure for static open boundary problems combines fast adaptive multigrid methods with spatial mappings of the infinite region to a finite computational domain. A rigorous analysis of the finite element solution error for ballooning and for spatial mappings is presented. The method is applied to geophysical problems of delogging.


Safety issues limit the large-scale application of lithium-ion batteries. Here, a new type of N–H-microcapsule fire extinguishing agent with a core–shell structure is prepared by using melamine-urea-formaldehyde resin as the shell material, and perfluoro(2-methyl-3-pentanone) and heptafluorocyclopentane as the core material. Through the test of cooling and extinguishing performance, the optimal ratio of the compound extinguishing agent is 1:1, which can extinguish open fire in 8 s. The microencapsulated fire extinguishing agent with a diameter of 60–80 m m is pre-stored on the outer surface of the aluminum plastic film of lithium-ion batteries to form a kind of ''protective clothing'', and the shell material will crack and releases the wrapped fire extinguishing agent when lithium-ion batteries reach 120 1 C due to thermal runaway, so as to inhibit the spread of fire, cooling from 800 1 C to 30 1 C in 10 s and inhibit the reburning of lithium-ion batteries. This work changed the liquid fire extinguishing agent into solid microcapsules, which not only proposes a new method and strategy to solve the safety problem of lithium-ion batteries, but also provides useful information for guiding the application of lithium-ion batteries.


In this article, we present the numerical computation of lower bounds of structured singular value known as the µ-value for a family of Chebyshev spectral differentiation matrices. The µ-value is a versatile tool used in control in order to analyze the robustness, performance, stability, and instability of feedback systems in system theory. The purposed methodology is based upon low-rank ordinary differential equations based technique and provides tight lower bounds of µ-value once compared with the well-known MATLAB routine mussv available in the MATLAB control toolbox.


Taiwan has proven and continues to prove its economic prowess as a fast and well developed nation. One theory to account for this accomplishment is its continued success in developing its best natural resource its people through education. A continuum of this practice is the implementation of Higher Education and then International Higher Education. Since early 1990s, foreign students have been studying in Taiwan obtaining degrees in various academic disciplines at both undergraduate and graduate levels. However, a foreign student, like any other expatriate, may have problems adjusting to a new country. Therefore, this study examines the factors that cause foreign students' satisfaction or dissatisfaction in adapting and adjusting to life in Taiwan and how those factors may further affect their academic performance. The research method used for data collection is a quantitative case study using the Student Satisfaction Questionnaire that was developed and piloted by the researchers. The population is ICDF higher education students who have been studying for at least one year in Taiwan and are doing courses in English. The response rate was 73.1%. The results indicate that a majority of the international students are satisfied (M = 3.63, SD = .66) where 60.5% could be described satisfied to very satisfied and only 7% as dissatisfied. Students' nationalities, age and gender have no statistical significance to their performance. The main findings of this research should assist ICDF, the education institutions, and the Ministry of Education in making the transition and life of foreign students smoother. It may also assist future foreign students in preparation for adjusting and adapting to Taiwan. Finally, the study offers recommendations for all the parties involved and the researchers provide suggestions for future research that could aid in learning about the lives of foreign students in Taiwan.


In Balance With (2012) is a live performance with Courtney Kessel and her daughter, Chloe, sitting at opposite ends of a seesaw. During the 30-minute performance, Kessel adds items representative of their lives to Chloe's side of the seesaw. After each group of items is added, she returns to her side to check the balance. Toys, violin, research books, food, pots, tools, and laundry are strapped on to the seesaw. The audience witnesses the struggle to create a balance between work, home, research, and play as a single mother and artist. As equilibrium is achieved, Kessel stills labors to maintain the balance until Chloe is ready to get down, thus signaling that her work can only happen when her daughter is cared for and occupied.


The invention provides a boiling bed hydrogenation reactor, which comprises a reactor cylinder and a circulation cup arranged on the inner-upper portion of the reactor cylinder, wherein the lower portion of the circulation cup is provided with a circulation pipeline communicated with the lower portion of the reactor cylinder, an opening on the upper end of the circulation cup is provided with a cover plate, the cover plate is provided with a suitable number of gas-liquid dispensers, the cover plate on the circulation cup is provided with a gas phase eduction pipeline communicated with the outside of the reactor cylinder, the outer periphery of the cover plate on the circulation cup is provided with an overflow cofferdam. With the boiling bed hydrogenation reactor, mass transfer efficiency of the gas-liquid two phases can be effectively improved, a hydrogen dissolution degree in the boiling bed hydrogenation reactor circulation oil can be promoted, and hydrogenation and cracking reaction depth can be improved.


Beverly Louie is the Faculty Advancement Research Associate in the University of Colorado Boulder's College of Engineering and Applied Science. Formerly she was the Director for teaching and learning initiatives in the Broadening Opportunities through the Broadening Opportunity through Leadership and Diversity (BOLD) Center, Director for the Women in Engineering Program and senior instructor in engineering courses ranging from first-year projects and chemical engineering unit operations. She holds B.S. and M.S. degrees in chemical engineering from CU, and a D.Phil. in mechanical engineering from the University of Oxford, England. Louie's research interests are in the areas of faculty equity and retention, women's success in engineering, diversity and inclusive practices, teaching effectiveness, and collaborative learning.


The invention discloses a method for monitoring whether a lamp in a test box fails. The method includes the steps of collecting an image in the test box, obtaining the collected image, and judging whether the lamp in the test box fails according to the image. According to the method, the image of the lamp in the test box is collected, then the collected image is processed, and whether the lamp fails is judged. According to the method, manual observation can be replaced, labor and materials are saved, and the obtained result is accurate and timely.


Summary Statement Help Received Adam G Mussell Liquefaction In Action: An Investigation of How Earthquakes Affect Soil Stability 23165 Objectives/Goals The objective is to explore the susceptibility of certain soils in Santa Cruz to liquefaction, a process by which soils that are shaken, most often by earthquakes, liquefy and lose their stability.The goal is to determine which soils are the least safe to build on. I believe that the soils nearest the San Lorenzo River in Santa Cruz will be the least safe and stable when shaken by earthquakes. Methods/Materials Five soils samples were taken from around downtown Santa Cruz, from near sea level to 200 feet elevation. They were subjected to three tests; a shake test using a shake table, a grain uniformity test, and a permeability test.I constructed my own shake table, using materials from the hardware store,such as plywood, dowells, and a motor. Soils were shaken for one minute, and I measured the depth a weight sank in wet and dry soils. For the uniformity test, I filled vials with soil, and added vinegar and shook them. When the contents settled, I measured the percentage of different grain sizes. For the permeability test I measured how long it took for water to reach the bottom of a glass jar filled with soil. Results The sand from Natural Bridges beach was the most unstable under all three tests. The second most susceptible to liquefaction was silt from the San Lorenzo River. Conclusions/Discussion I conclude that sand is the most susceptible to liquefaction, but other silty soil types may be close in instability during an earthquake. During the Loma Prieta earthquake in 1989, structures failed downtown, many because of liquefaction. Engineers rebuilding today may want to take these results into consideration when designing buildings to withstand a similar quake in the future.For my next project, I may use the shake table to test structural integrity of various building types. I may also revise it to test different depths of soil or amounts of water. My project explores the susceptibility of soils in Santa Cruz to liquefaction during earthquakes. Mother helped type report, an engineer, Aaron Bierman, from Weber and Associates helped design uniformity test.


According to one embodiment of the invention, a system is provided that comprises a communication point database configured to provide a communication point data set; a party database configured to provide a party data set; wherein the communication point database and the party database are communicatively coupled with one another so as to associate the communication point data set with the party data set; a relationship type code database communicatively coupled with the communication point data set and the party data set.


The breakdown of Shepard's auditory staircase illusion at high presentation rates was examined. Two alternative hypotheses were advanced to explain this lack of illusory effect under these conditions: sheer speed of presentation of the stimulus items may have prevented the illusion developing or, the continual rapid presentation of a set of stimulus items within a sufficiently short period might have enabled any given stimulus set to be perceived as a Gestalt. Some experimental support was obtained for the latter repetition hypothesis for 24 Ss in 3 conditions.


We report an ex-vivo study on Raman spectra of adipose tissue covered by layers of aortic intimal wall tissue with different thicknesses. The Raman vibration modes of 1435cm-1, 2850cm-1 and 2892cm-1 were investigated for the first time on fresh porcine aortic adipose tissue with 633 nm laser excitation. The adipose tissue was taken from adventitial fat grown on aorta walls. The frozen sections of porcine aorta wall tissue with a thickness of 25μ - 50μ were cut from intimal surface. The samples were prepared by placing the variable numbers of the aorta intimal wall tissue layers on the top of adipose tissue. The Raman spectra of adipose tissue were investigated. The changes of intensities of the Raman modes versus thickness of the aorta intimal wall tissue layers were measured. The total thickness of the aorta intimal wall tissue layers was varied in the range of 50μ - 1800μ. The main characteristic Raman vibration modes of adipose tissue were found at 1435cm-1, 2850cm-1 and 2892cm-1. Among them, the intensities of the modes of 2850 cm-1 and 2892 cm-1 are about four-times stronger than that of the 1435cm-1 mode. The study on Raman vibration modes of 1435cm-1, 2800 cm-1 and 2950 cm-1 may be useful for developing a simple, inexpensive and accurate optical technique for monitoring the degree of vulnerability of the aorta intimal surface due to atherogenesis. These three Raman modes can be used as new molecular spectroscopic indicators to monitor in situ the development of fatty-streaks and lipid core in aorta walls, and determine the thickness change of aorta intimal wall at different stages of atherogenesis.


Squeeze casting has advantages to improve mechanical properties of nonferrous castings without losing high productivity. Sound pore free structure makes it possible to be subjected to heat treatment and welding. This process became popular to produce lighter automobile parts alternating cast iron parts. It has, however, two disadvantages of segregation and scattered structure due to the solidified layers in sleeve. In this study segregation behavior of squeeze cast Al-7%Si-0.3%Mg alloy bars was investigated using HVSC machine under various injection conditions. Degree of segregation decreased with injection pressure and effect of injection velocity on it was small. Segregation mode of solute was strongly governed by solidification mode and flow pattern.


Abstract— Ultraviolet radiation‐induced expression of cytokines by keratinocytes is important for the pathogenesis of polymorphous light eruption (PLE). Because UVA1 radiation rather than UVB radiation might be a more important trigger for PLE, cells from the human epidermoid carcinoma cell line KB were exposed in vitro to UVA1 radiation (30 J/cm2) and subsequently analyzed for cytokine expression. Ultraviolet A1 irradiation induced tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐a and interleukin (IL)‐8 expression in KB cells at the mRNA and protein level. Upregulation of cytokine mRNA levels followed a Diphasic pattern. This effect was specific for TNFa and IL‐8 because UVA1 radiation did not induce expression of IL‐la or IL‐6 in these cells. Ultraviolet Al radiation‐induced expression of intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 in KB cells previously was found to depend on the thiol status of these cells. Therefore, KB cells were treated with DL‐buthionine‐[S, R]‐sulfoximine (BSO), a specific inhibitor of de novo glutathione synthesis. Exposure of BSO‐pretreated KB cells to UVA1 radiation significantly induced IL‐1α and IL‐6 mRNA and protein expression. These studies demonstrate the capacity of UVA1 radiation to induce cytokine expression in human epidermoid carcinoma cells. This immunomodulatory effect may be mediated by thiol‐status‐dependent and ‐independent mechanisms.


Since Pakistan birth it faced many problems in all the areas because of conflicting rules and regulations which are amended and regulated with passage of time as per need of the people but it could not have been done. Here there are many laws made more than hundred years old and still unrectified yet. Private school education is one of them. The private schools share most of the state responsibilities but they face many problems. Firstly, obtaining a building for school that has suitable environment like cross ventilation system, open area, place or space for co curricular activities, sewerage and sanitary system and reasonably wide and large classrooms is very tedious and tiring work. The rental building contracts between building owners and schools owners are always for very short period while authorities demand 5 years contract for registration then yearly increase in the rent, advance payment of the rent also keep the owners tense and anxious, as they neither have any other option nor sources to build their own buildings. In this paper, an effort has been made to evaluate the problems faced by the school owners especially in the Cantonment Board area. The study founded that there are some problems related to state authorities which are more sever apart from the some problems related to physical facilities are also highlighted and at the end recommendations are made to remove these barrier for smooth running of the private schools and sharing their responsibilities of raising literacy and education standards.


The discrete-time approach to real option valuation has typically been implemented in the finance literature using a binomial tree framework. Instead we develop a new model by randomizing the environment and call such model a random binomial tree. Whereas the usual model has only one environment (u, d) where the price of underlying asset can move by u times up and d times down, and pair (u, d) is constant over the life of the underlying asset, in our new model the underlying security is moving in two environments namely (u1, d1) and (u2, d2). Thus we obtain two volatilities σ1 and σ2. This new approach enables calculations reflecting the real market since it consider the two states of market normal and extra ordinal. In this paper we define and study Futures options for such models.


Regular moderate exercise has numerous health benefits, including positive effects on immune function, although periods of intense training may increase susceptibility to respiratory tract pathogens such as influenza virus. PURPOSE: To determine the effect of intense athletic training on the antiviral immune response profile and to examine the effect of ingestion of eggs on this response. METHODS: Female participants from a Division I varsity gymnastics team were recruited and either consumed whole eggs daily (E; n = 7) or maintained their normal diets (NE; n = 6) for the duration of the study. Blood was collected at three time points: before the high intensity pre-season training began (T1), one month into pre-season (T2), and two months after T2 at the end of pre-season (T3). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from whole blood, cultured ex vivo, and challenged with influenza A/PR/8/34 for 24 hours. Cell supernatants were analyzed using a multiplex cytokine array assay. RESULTS: Statistical analyses revealed lower levels of cytokines involved in both innate (IL-1β, IL-6, TNFα) and T cell-mediated immunity (IFNγ, IL-2, IL-7) produced in response to virus stimulation at T2 (6.8, 87.3, 351, 731, 82.0, and 3.2 pg/mL, respectively) compared to T1 (12.1, 317, 534, 2469, 311, and 5.5 pg/mL, respectively) and T3 (17.4, 268, 712, 3018, 212, and 5.1 pg/mL, respectively; p < 0.05, paired t-tests). PBMCs from gymnasts who became ill during the study period (n = 3) produced less IFNα (427 vs. 1442 pg/mL) at T2 and more sCD40L (11.6 vs. 5.8 pg/mL) at T3 than those who remained healthy (p < 0.05, independent t-tests). When egg consumption was examined, a mixed ANOVA with repeated measures revealed a significant treatment by time interaction and follow-up post hoc tests identified differences in inflammatory cytokine production at T3 (12.3 vs. 23.3 and 496 vs. 963 pg/mL for IL-1β and IL-6, respectively, in E vs. NE; p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: These preliminary data suggest that, during intense training, both innate and adaptive antiviral defenses are impaired but that egg consumption may attenuate trainingassociated inflammation. Increases in immunosuppressive proteins, such as sCD40L, may also increase susceptibility to illness in athletes. Funding was provided by the Iowa Egg Council and Egg Nutrition Center.


In the area of foster care concerning children and youth with special needs due to disability or medical fragility, there is a paucity of knowledge and research. In Germany, these groups in foster care who have high special needs are an invisible and neglected population at risk. These children and youth are mostly cared for in residential homes; however, some are living in foster families and benefit from a familial setting. The purpose of the study was to understand how foster parents manage their lives with a child or youth who has special needs, and how they meet the challenges that arise. The qualitative research design used the method of narrative inquiry through in-depth interviews, which were conducted in the German state of Saxony-Anhalt with 19 foster parents from 15 families. Within the framework of grounded theory, the author developed a theoretical structure of the strategies foster parents use for coping. Results showed that foster parents dealt with this new and often unpredictable situation by applying one of three patterns of strategies — action-, resource-, or reflection-oriented — based on their personal experiences and worldview. Understanding these behavioral patterns gives administrative and supportive entities like child welfare systems and agencies a unique and tailored approach to recruit, retain, train, and counsel foster families adequately, and to strengthen their well-being and their ability to perform well for themselves and their children and youth.


Effects of normalizing annealing on microstructure and texture of high-grade non-oriented electrical steel hot-rolled sheet were investigated by EBSD. Emphasis was put on the effects of normalizing annealing on texture evolution in the sheet thickness. The results show that the hot-rolled microstructure homogeneity is improved and the γ-fiber texture is weakened by normalizing annealing treatment. The grain size of hot-rolled sheet and intensity of the {100} and {110} favorable texture can be increased by increasing the normalizing annealing temperature. So the magnetic properties of non-oriented electrical steel final products are improved obviously.


This paper proposes a robust hybrid-MAC protocol for direct communication among M2M devices with gateway coordination. The proposed protocol combines the benefits of both contention-based and reservation-based MAC schemes. The authors assume that the contention and reservation portion of M2M devices is a frame structure, which is comprised of two sections: Contention Interval CI and Transmission Interval TI. The CI is based on p-persistent CSMA mechanism, which allows M2M devices to compete for the transmission slots with equal priorities. After contention, only those devices, which have won time-slots, are allowed to transmit data packets during TI. In the authors' proposed MAC scheme, the TI is basically a TDMA frame and each M2M device is 802.11 enabled. Each M2M transmitter device and its corresponding one-hop distant receiver communicate using IEEE 802.11 DCF protocol within each TDMA slot to overcome the limitations of TDMA mechanism. The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed hybrid-MAC protocol.


Upper tropospheric outflow was examined during the life cycles of two hurricanes in the eastern and central Pacific Ocean. The outflow from Hurricanes Iselle and Julio was evaluated by using analyses from the Navy Global Environmental Model, which were very highly correlated with satellite atmospheric motion vector and NOAA G‐IV dropsonde observations. A synoptic overview provided the environmental context for the life cycles of both tropical cyclones (TCs). Then, the outflow magnitude and direction within 6 radial degrees of each TC center were analyzed in relation to TC intensity, the synoptic environment, and inertial stability, with the following results. In both Iselle and Julio, the azimuthally averaged outflow magnitude was maximized initially more than 4 radial degrees from the center, and that maximum moved steadily inward during a 4 day intensification period and reached a position radially inward of 2° within 6 h of the time of maximum surface winds. Furthermore, the direction of the outflow in both TCs was related to the evolution of the large‐scale upper tropospheric flow pattern, particularly the phasing of subtropical jet ridges and troughs moving eastward north of both TCs. Finally, outflow channels were consistently bounded by regions of lowest (highest) values of inertial stability counterclockwise (clockwise) from the maximum outflow azimuth, a pattern that persisted throughout the life cycles of both storms regardless of intensity, environmental flow, and the number and direction of outflow channels present.


The $Zr_{1-x}Ti_xV_{0.2}Mn_{0.6}Cr_{0.05}Co_{0.05}Ni_{1.2}$ $(0\leq x \leq 0.3)$ alloys have been characterized as metal-hydride electrodes for nickel-metal hydride batteries. Although the alloy electrodes with no Ti substitution in place of Zr exhibit a specific capacity value of $375 \hspace{2mm} mA \hspace{2mm} h \hspace{2mm} g^{-1}$ it has been possible to enhance the specific capacity of the electrodes to $395 \hspace{2mm} mA \hspace{2mm} h \hspace{2mm} g^{-1}$ by substituting 10% Ti in place of Zr, that is, with $Zr_{0.9}Ti_{0.1}V_{0.2}Mn_{0.6}Cr_{0.05}Co_{0.05}Ni_{1.2}$ alloy. The specific capacity value of $Zr_{0.9}Ti_{0.1}V_{0.2}Mn_{0.6}Cr_{0.05}Co_{0.05}Ni_{1.2}$ alloy was further enhanced to $415 \hspace{2mm} mA \hspace{2mm} h \hspace{2mm} g^{-1}$ on copper powder addition. Interestingly, the discharge curves for the latter electrode are quite flat thus providing an advantage of constant specific energy output over the entire regime of electrode discharge. Both a.c. impedance and d.c. linear polarization studies conducted on these electrodes lead to a lower charge-transfer resistance value for the metal-hydride electrode with copper additive suggesting the electrode with copper powder additive to have a higher catalytic activity than those without copper. The electrode with the copper additive also exhibits little change in its capacity over about 100 charge-discharge cycles.


The expression of the non‐classical MHC class I molecule HLA‐G is normally restricted to the placenta during pregnancy, where it is found on fetal endothelial cells and on invasive cytotrophoblast cells, specifically those at the maternal / fetal interface. Its precise physiological role has yet to be defined. HLA‐G may have nonimmune functions relating to angiogenesis and placentation, but most evidence suggests that it protects fetal cells from lysis by maternal uterine NK cells, which are found in large numbers around invading trophoblast cells. This effect is due to specific interaction with inhibitory receptors expressed on NK cells. We have examined the hypothesis that another function of HLA‐G is to inhibit NK cell migration. Using an in vitro transmigration assay system, we present data to support this hypothesis. NK cell migration across porcine endothelial cells transfected with HLA‐G1 was specifically inhibited compared to migration across HLA‐A2‐transfected monolayers. HLA‐ G1 had no influence on the migration of a control T lymphocyte line. These results support the idea that in vivo, HLA‐G may inhibit NK cell traffic across the placenta.


In Western companies, a "good manager" is thought of as "white and male." Unlike the improvement in the issue of female gender and leadership roles, racial stereotyping of minority groups in management as a barrier to moving up the leadership ladder continues, originating in the management theories and models constructed predominantly from a white male's perspective. This article seeks to disrupt the uncritical "think manager think male think white" hypothesis by focusing on the deconstruction of a "negative minority manager" stereotype. Using a literature review, this paper explores how the visible 'otherness' experienced by middle-management minorities and the lack of mentors mirroring their personal success are a barrier to their upward mobility into senior executive positions. The author finds: 1) the representativeness bias that focuses on negative stereotyping of (non-white) managers leads to an adverse impact on this group's career advancement opportunities, and 2) those who do not find themselves reflected in the stereotype of a "good manager" rarely develop management skills and may be diverted from pursuing managerial careers. After a discussion of the results obtained from the literature review, suggestions on how improvements can be made to advance racial equality in management are provided.


Many methods are available for approximating the integral to the desired precision in Numerical integration. A new set of numerical integration formula of Open Newton-Cotes Quadrature with Midpoint Derivative type is suggested, which is the modified form of Open Newton-Cotes Quadrature. This new midpoint derivative based formula increase the two order of precision than the classical Open Newton-Cotes formula and also gives more accuracy than the existing formula. Further the error terms are obtained and compared with the existing methods. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is illustrated by means of a numerical example.


Introduction Psychiatric morbidity among university students especially health-related disciplines is vital because of its negative impact on their capacity to study. The study assessed the prevalence and factors associated with psychiatric morbidity among students of College of Health Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Osogbo. Methodology Two hundred and seventy-seven students of the College of Health Sciences Osogbo were consecutively recruited into the study. Each student filled the socio-demographic questionnaire. Respondents were screened with the General Health Questionnaire while the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) was used to make a psychiatric diagnosis.


We are all indebted to Peter Petros for his role with Ulf Ulmsten in developing the midurethral tape. This important advance significantly reduced the morbidity of stress incontinence surgery for women and is now used worldwide. We and our patients owe them a debt of gratitude for this important innovation. We have been asked to comment on Dr. Petros' recent opinion piece "Urethral failure is not a critical factor in female urinary incontinence" in response to an opinion article that we wrote related to the National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney (NIDDK) diseases seminar series on Urethral Function and Failure that brought together experts from around the world. He has chosen to take a debater's stance opposing the idea that urethral function is important to stress, urge, and mixed incontinence. We have recently published a letter to the editor written in response to a paper denying the data that urethral function is the most important causal factor for stress incontinence. Our letter contains rebuttals to the assertion that urethral support is the primary cause of stress continence, which we will not repeat here. The approach Dr. Petros chooses as a foundation for his "case against" is based on: "Philosophy of science [which] has a number of established and recognized concerns such as examining the basis of rational theory preference and the nature of explanation... the epistemological importance of the institutions, practices, and ethos that regulate the logical soundness of the debate in which scientists evaluate theories." We lack training in either debate or the philosophy of science and will not comment on that. However, we did learn the essential elements of the scientific method: observe, theorize, hypothesize, test the hypotheses with experimental measurements, and accept or refute. Dr. Petros has observed and theorized. However, we have not been able to find hypothesis‐testing measurements that compare findings in symptomatic women compared with normal asymptomatic volunteers to support his argument. Much of his argument rests on the results of surgery. These are, of course, unreliable to confirm a theory. Kelly and Dumm used the success of his operation to tighten the vesical neck sphincter area by plication to "prove" that weak vesical neck closure was responsible for stress incontinence. About a decade later, Victor Bonney came to a different conclusion regarding the success of the same operation, saying that Kelly used fascial stitches to close the dead space and therefore supported the urethra— proving that urethral support was the cause. Thus, the same operation was used to support completely opposite conclusions. The fallibility of using surgical results as a proof is obvious. They could, for example, "prove" that obesity is caused by an enlarged stomach since reducing


In this paper I consider the concept of cosmopolitanism in relation to two types of communication systems: the mainstream press and alternative networked communications of new social movements. Through the example of the hacking scandal, the paper discusses how the cosmopolitan ethics of the "freedom of the press" have become distorted by a thoroughly commercialized tabloid media, to mean little more than freedom of the market to do as it pleases. This is presented as a form of cosmopolitan capitalism via a communication system that is part of a global economy and one that requires new communication policies in order to preserve and promote democratic values over consumerist ones. The paper then turns to an entirely different form of communication online that seeks to establish cosmopolitan solidarity via forms of political democracy that rest on the principle of contestation. The paper suggests that cosmopolitanism invites universalist assumptions that at once deny the particularities of time and space while also being susceptible to the particular hegemonic order of the day and the balances of power in any given context. It is, therefore, always both conformist and contestatory, universal and particular. However, it is through contestation that cosmopolitanism can truly flourish.


There were high expectations about China's Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) to Paris Agreement. The intensive and extensive use of coal allowed the country a long and significant growth over the last decades. From 2007, the country has become the leading global emitter of greenhouse gases (GHG). Beside this, the country has taken the lead in the production of knowledge on renewable energy sources and related technologies to track a transition to a low carbon economy. This research sought to identify technological strategies and public policies of the country focused on the theme.


This study is based on the observation that if the bootstrapping is combined with different parameterizations of the ARMA (autoregressive moving average) process, then different linearized problems are obtained for the underlying nonlinear ARMA modeling problem. In this part, a specific parameterization termed the predictor space representation for an ARMA process, which decouples the estimation for the AR and the MA parameters, is used. A vector space formalism for the given data case is then defined, and the least-squares ARMA filtering problem is interpreted in terms of projection operations on some linear spaces. A new projection operator update formula, which is particularly suited for the underlying problem, is then used in conjunction with the vector space formalism to develop a computationally efficient pseudo-least-squares algorithm for ARMA filtering. It is noted that these recursions can be put in the form of a filter structure. >


Supplemental Digital Content is Available in the Text. We investigated the use of a novel device, the 'Posterior Chamber Maintainer', during wound closure on patients undergoing repeat vitrectomies. The device was safe and effective in preventing hypotony. Without the PC Maintainer, 88% of repeat PPVs encounter transient hypotony compared with 0% when the device was used.


This paper describes the pipeline design and construction engineering of a bundled submarine pipeline connecting Yongjong airport site to Inchon, Korea. The pipeline consists of three different pipes, 52, 30 and 20. These pipes will provide water, gas and oil to the airport facilities. The 2.4km submarine pipeline crosses the busiest ship channel in Inchon area where the maximum water depth reaches up to 32meter from mean sea water level. The construction area is characterized with 9.72meters tidal range and more than 4 knots current. Having hostile environmental conditions with various pipe specifications for three lines, the design criteria and installation scheme are to be carefully developed. As three pipes have various outside diameter, wall thickness and coating specifications, pulling all pipes at once requires many engineering considerations. The engineering design of the pipelines for non-symmetric bundle pipes is discussed followed by key aspects of the pipeline installation.


This paper examined instructional/learning resources in language arts methods of practices and teaching (pedagogy). The paper elucidated the meaning of instructional/learning resources, their relevance and importance in teaching and learning generally, and of language arts in particular. It also looked at the categorization and classification, uses and application, merits and demerits of instructional/learning resources. The criteria for selecting instructional/learning resources and the guidelines for their use were also discussed. The meaning of pedagogy as a concept in relationship to language arts and the application of instructional/learning resources was explained as well. This paper recommended that school administrators should regularly avail their teachers for workshops and retraining seminars to equip them with new skills especially in the area of using appropriate instructional/learning resources in their lessons and class. These seminars will also educate them on how to properly use these resources. It also recommended that school authorities should provide adequate instructional/learning resources for teacher and/or assist them when they have to improvise.


A review of the birds of the Serra dos Orgaos is based on a survey of the literature, specimens in ornithological collections and field study. A total of 458 species was recorded in the region. Specimens of 340 species are housed in ornithological collections. Ninety one species (20%) were not previously reported for the region. Although several of these species are predominantly forest birds (including several endemic Atlantic Forest species), the majority is found in second growth and forest borders. Birds of both lower and higher altitudes are more common than species restricted to lower altitudes or only recorded above 800m. In this study, 140 species (30%) were considered rare in Serra dos Orgaos, and 21 species have not been recently found in the region although only the Black-fronted Piping-Guan Aburria jacutinga can be considered extinct in the Serra dos Orgaos. Some species were apparently erroneously reported in the region. Threats to the birds of the region are the intensive deforestation at lower altitudes, hunting activity, captures of birds for the pet trade and the growth of human populations in the region.


Much of our private and public ethical discourse occurs in the giving, receiving, or demanding of an apology, yet we suffer deep confusion regarding what an apology actually is. Most of us have never made explicit precisely what we expect from a full apology and therefore apologizing has become a vague and clumsy ritual. Full apologies can be morally and emotionally powerful, but, as with most valuable things, frauds masquerade as the genuine article. These semblances of apologies often deceive and manipulate, and such duplicity is common between lovers, families, litigants, and nations. In response to this, I propose nine elements that an apology must satisfy in order to be considered categorical. I believe we have such a categorical apology in mind when we seek a full apology. The standards for a categorical apology are rigorous and precise, and I hope to disentangle the distinct elements of apologies. A categorical apology is a rare and burdensome act, and under certain circumstances full apologies may not be possible regardless of how badly we may desire them. While the leading social science accounts by Aaron Lazare and Nicolas Tavuchis aptly demonstrate how apologies lubricate reciprocally egoist relationships, such theories ultimately prove unsatisfying because apologies achieve their highest meaning as morally rich acts. Both Tavuchis and Lazare offer merely descriptive accounts when a prescriptive argument seems necessary. No philosopher, however, has ever devoted a monograph to the topic and only a handful of papers on apologies have appeared in philosophy journals.


This research is a classroom action research which aims to increase physical activity and learning outcomes of students SMPN 2 Lingsar the academic year 2014/2015. The subjects in this study VIII5 classes totaling 40 people. Implementation of classroom action research was conducted in two cycles with each cycle consisting of four stages: planning, implementation, observation and evaluation, and reflection. Student learning activity data obtained through observation, while data on student learning outcomes obtained through the administration of the test at the end of each cycle. Based on the results of the evaluation cycle I obtained an average score of student learning activity is 11, which is in the category fairly active. The average value of the class in the first cycle of 73.95 with 78.95% classical completeness. Results of the evaluation in the second cycle to the average score is 14.6 students' learning activities that are in the active category. The average value of the class in the second cycle of 78.10 with 89.19% classical completeness. The average score of student learning activity increased from the first cycle to the second cycle of 3.6, the learning outcomes of students increased by 4.15, while the classical completeness increased by 10.24%. Based on the results of this study concluded that the implementation of the learning model Quantum with discussion method can increase physical activity and learning outcomes VIII 5 grade students of SMPN 2 Lingsar the academic year 2014/2015.


Since 1996 DLR's experimental E-SAR system is extended in X-band by a single-pass across- and along-track interferometer for topographic mapping and line of sight velocity measurements, respectively. This article gives an overview of the capabilities and limits of the interferometric E-SAR system. Progress is reported for the consideration of strong topographic variations in across-track interferometry. For the along-track system first results are presented.


Since last Fall, much of the excitement in the crop markets occurred in the soybean and wheat markets. March 2004 soybean futures moved from below $6.00 in September 2003 to near $8.00 by late October, driven by a small US harvest. March 2004 Chicago wheat futures rallied from about $3.30 in October 2003 to near $4.20 in mid November, driven by prospects for tight world stocks. In contrast, March 2004 corn futures traded between $2.20 and $2.55 from last summer through early January 2004. However, the USDA reports released on January 12 pumped new life into corn prices. March futures moved to a contract high of $2.735 and December futures reached a high of $2.72 on January 16.


A survey was conducted from 2012 to 2013 in order to study the Alysiinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) species of the southeastern part of Iran. A total of 11 species belonging to 5 genera have been listed, of which 4 species, Dinotrema contracticorne (Fischer 1974), Synaldis ultima Fischer 1970, Chorebus parvungula (Thomson 1895), and Dacnusa abdita (Haliday 1839), are reported for the first time from Iran. In addition, the male of Chorebus longiarticulis Fischer, Lashkari Bod, Rakhshani and Talebi 2011 is recorded for the first time and described.


In view of the fundamental importance of co-sets in the theory of groups it may be of interest to note here the following characteristic property of a co-set. A necessary and sufficient condition that a set of group operators Si, s2l • • • , Si, which is not itself a group be a right co-set is that it involve at least one operator such that if the inverse of this operator is multiplied on the right into every operator of the set the resulting products constitute a group. In this theorem the word right may be replaced by the word left. A proof of this theorem results directly from the fact that if the two sets


Bastose containing thiourea radical was made with bastose as parent substance by graft modification.Saturated adsorption capacity of this fiber to Ni 2+ ?Cr 3+ ?Mn 2+ are 3 58?9 29 and 8 13 mmol/g,respectively.


Translating the titles of narrative texts is a sui generis operation in the sense that the ontological conditions and the pragmatic functions of the title considerably predetermine the translator's task. This article intends to give an account of the three functions of a title – designative, metalinguistic and seductive (the title as rigid designator or dense texture of meaning; synecdoche or interpretative key; whetting the appetite or advertising) – that shed light on the pragmatic issues encountered in translating titles. If the designative function of a title is oriented to the work as a referential object, the metalinguistic function is oriented to the text as an interpretive object. As for the seductive function, it turns to the outside, or in other words, to the public. In the case of translation or retranslation of a title, three functions come into play at the same time, but one of the functions can get the upper hand on the other two.


Being given the H1N1 influenza vaccine during pregnancy does not seem to be associated with an increased risk of overall birth defects, a Swedish study published in Annals of Internal Medicine has found.1 However, the researchers did not completely rule out a raised risk for specific birth defects.

Previous research has shown conflicting risk estimates for congenital malformation in pregnant women from the Pandemrix vaccine in the first trimester, with odds ratios ranging from 0.67 to 2.18.

The World Health …


Measurements of effective renal plasma flow and urine flow fractions were obtained by the application of a new kinetic model of /sup 131/I-labeled o- iodo-hippurate distribution and renal clearance. Good agreement was obtained between these estimates and those of comparable parameters obtained by conventional split-function techniques using p-aminohippurate and inulin. Also, examples are presented of the use of this test for the evaluation of patients suffering from well-documented renal diseases. These uses have included serial testing in patients with major renal artery occlusion, bilateral renal vein thrombosis, obstruction due to stone, or transplant rejection. It was concluded that this test can be of considerable value for the diagnosis of acute and chronic disorders of renal function and for evaluation of the therapeutic response. In addition, these studies have demonstrated the potential of large computers for parameter estimation in the interpretation of nuclear medicine procedures. (auth)


Abstract : The objectives of the contract were to develop computational methods for stable distributions. This section will describe the work performed and the results obtained, organized by topics in approximate chronological order. The second section discusses technical feasibility of Phase II work, and a short third section discusses miscellaneous issues. We note that there is more extensive documentation on these topics in the monthly reports and delivered software. The six monthly reports, the extensive report on simulations evaluating parameter estimation methods, and the user manual for the STABLE matlab interface totaled over 200 pages of detailed information. The information below is a summary of that work, it is not intended as a complete record.


This paper presents a circuit analysis and control example of favored configuration 6/4 SRM. SRM modeling and analysis are necessary for experiment. Thus this paper proposes a SRM modeling with PI controller (of driving converter), input voltage chopping and inductance profile when rotor position transformed. Through this simulation, the designer can predict operating states of systems over a broad range of operating conditions.


Pathogenesis of nephrolithiasis (NL) at PHPT is not fully understood. Meanwhile, the detection of NL patients with PHPT is an absolute indication for parathyroidectomy. Conducted various studies aimed at finding a predictor of NL patients with PHPT. Actively study the role of genetic markers, particularly genes that regulate calcium-phosphorus metabolism. Objective — to assess the relationship of polymorphisms  CASR  and  VDR  with the development of the NL at PHPТ. Material and methods . A study to include 203 patients with confirmed PHPT, out of which 114 patients had the NL and 87 patients without NL. All patients were studied indicators calcium-phosphorus metabolism, the study of the level of PTH, vitamin D, the filtration function of the kidneys. All patients were studied indicators calcium-phosphorus metabolism, the level of PTH, vitamin D, the filtration function of the kidneys. The study of gene polymorphisms  VDR (FokI, TaqI, BsmI, ApaI, Cdx2)  was performed in 169 patients (113 with NL, 56 without NL) by polymerase chain reaction followed by restriction analysis; Study 3 polymorphisms  CASR (A986S, R990G, Q1011E) was performed in 187 patients (110 with NL, 77 without NL), by direct sequencing. Results . No significant differences in the frequency of genotypes and alleles studied genes between the two groups has been received. According to logistic regression analysis, the only predictor of NL is the level of ionized calcium. Conclusions . The studied genes can not be used as predictors of the NL. May need to investigate other genes.


This book reviews and discusses almost everything that anyone has ever written about uptalk, and it is certain to become the standard reference on the topic. In the preface (p. xiv), Warren describes his aim as being 'to provide a coherent account of the origins, distribution, nature and use of that "rising inflection at the end of each sentence, which makes every remark sound like a whiny question"'. (That quoted characterisation of uptalk is from a piece in a popular magazine from the mid-1990s.) At the beginning of his brief final chapter (p. 187), he describes it slightly differently, saying that his aim 'has been to draw together in one place a range of research findings and other commentary relating to uptalk'. This second version of the aim is unquestionably fulfilled. As a survey of the literature, the book has no rival and is unlikely to acquire one. This is why it is certain to become the standard reference: except for specialised purposes, there is no point in going anywhere else to find out what has been said about uptalk – either by researchers or by journalists and lay commentators – over the past 30 or 40 years. The chapter titles give a clear idea of what is on offer. After an introduction that, among other things, justifies the use of the term UPTALK to refer to his subject matter, Warren covers: the forms of uptalk (Chapter 2), the meanings and functions of uptalk (Chapter 3), uptalk in English varieties (Chapter 4), origins and spread of uptalk (Chapter 5), social and stylistic variation in uptalk use (Chapter 6), uptalk in the media (Chapter 7), perception studies of uptalk (Chapter 8), uptalk in other languages (Chapter 9), and methodology in uptalk research (Chapter 10). The book finishes with a very brief 'summary and prospect'. It's difficult to think of anything that is left out. Of particular note is the book's remarkable collection of references to uptalk in a whole range of material other than academic linguistic and sociolinguistic work, including an article in a professional journal on suicide prevention (pp. 65f.), a TV crime drama in which a forensic phonetician who knows about uptalk helps solve a murder (p. 116), and a 2001 review of a teen TV show that criticises the show because its dialogue DOESN'T feature uptalk (p. 81). These references are used throughout the book to illustrate points and, perhaps, to lighten the presentation. They are also the centrepiece of Warren's chapter on uptalk in the media (whose full title is actually 'Credibility killer and conversational anthrax: Uptalk in the media'), which presents a very interesting analysis of the way uptalk is mocked and marginalised in non-academic discourse, drawing heavily on Rosina Lippi-Green's work on 'language subordination' (Lippi-Green 2012). It is a little unclear who the book is written for, though I doubt this is really Warren's fault. The blurb on the cover says it 'will be welcomed by those working in linguistics, as well as anyone interested in the way we talk today'. On the whole, I suspect that Warren was writing primarily for linguists, and was encouraged to make the book more accessible so that it would sell better. He himself never actually says that the book is for 'anyone interested in the


The prevalence of obesity, an established epidemiologic risk factor for many chronic diseases including cancer, has been steadily increasing in the US over several decades. The mechanisms used to regulate energy balance and adiposity and the relationship of these factors to cancer are not completely understood. Here we have used knockout mice to examine the roles of the transcription factors CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP) b and C/EBP d in regulating body composition and systemic levels of hormones such as insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), leptin and insulin that mediate energy balance. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry showed that C/EBP b , either directly or indirectly, modulated body weight, fat content and bone density in both males and females, while the effect of C/EBP d was minor and only affected adiposity and body weight in female animals. Levels of IGF-1, leptin and insulin in the serum were decreased in both male and female C/EBP b 2 / 2 mice, and C/EBP b was associated with their promoters in vivo . Moreover, colon adenocarcinoma cells displayed reduced tumorigenic potential when transplanted into C/EBP b -deficient animals, especially males. Thus, C/EBP b contributes to endocrine expression of IGF-1, leptin and insulin, which modulate energy balance and can contribute to cancer pro- gression by creating a favorable environment for tumor cell proliferation and survival.


The welding quality of the thick short-circuit ring by gas brazing method for a cooper-bar rotor,by penetrate inspection,is reached only to 3 level of acceptance inspection according to JB /T6062—2007.The product quality has been increased by carrying into execution of the steps from approach on welding technology.Weld shading detection quality is achieved to the 2 level against JB /T6062—2007.


Glucocorticoid is an effective medicine to cure inflammatory disease in clinic,but the glucocorticoid resistance always takes place.Modern medicine thinks that the resistance has relevant with glucocorticoid metabolism,the gene change of glucocorticoid receptor and the histone acetylase and deacetylases of target gene,etc.On the other hand,Traditional Chinese medicine regards the resitance related with the yin and yang deficit of kidney.This review is to summarize the pathogenesis progress of glucocorticoid resistance in both modern medicine and traditional chinese medicine.


Two poly(ethylene oxide) stars linked by a long polystyrene chain represent a novel amphiphilic architecture (dumbbell), which is available by anionic grafting of ethylene oxide from a hydroxylated polybutadiene-block-polystyrene-block-polybutadiene triblock copolymer. The short butadiene end-blocks (DPB = 36) of a BSB triblock copolymer with a long styrene middle block (DPS = 650) was first modified by hydroboration and oxidation. A multifunctional alkoxide initiator is thus prepared by titration of the hydroxyl groups of the "polybutadiene" end-block with cumylpotassium. Gelation and precipitation of the polyfunctional initiator in THF could be avoided by complexing the cation (K+) with a suitable cryptand (Kryptofix[2.2.2]TM). This multifunctional macroinitiator was used to polymerize ethylene oxide. Dumbbell-shaped molecules with various number and length of PEO branches were synthesized. Some first results about their solution properties are presented and discussed based on viscosity and light scattering measurements.


The ene reaction of 4-methyl-1,2,4-triazoline-3,5-dione (MTAD) with vinylsilanes 1 has been investigated. In all cases studied, only hydrogen abstraction geminal to the silyl group with formation of triazolidinediones 3 occurred, irrespective of the number and size of the substituents at the double bond. A mechanism with an aziridinium imide as intermediate is proposed to explain the observed regioselectivity and diastereoselectivity. For the former we invoke preferential cleavage of the C–N bond proximate to the silyl substituent on the aziridine ring, for the latter steric repulsion between the adjacent silyl and alkyl group controls the observed E-type stereochemistry. A new synthetic approach to the trisubstituted vinylsilane 1e based on reductive lithiation of the corresponding vinyl sulfide is described.


This research paper aims at highlighting the application of scientific mechanisms or measures in conducting crime investigation. The elements of the scientific investigation like forensic medicine, scientific laboratories, digital forensics, criminal investigation and other scientific techniques are discussed. The legal provisions in India dealing with forensic science although not explicitly, like certain sections of the Indian Evidence Act, 1872 and the Criminal Procedure Code, 1973 are described. Consonance with constitution of some methods of scientific investigation of crimes like handwriting and signature identification, fingerprint, impressions of thumb, palm and foot ascertainment tests, narco analysis tests are examined. The constitutional validity is analyzed in regards to article 20(3) of the constitution. The issues and problems existing in the sector of forensic science in reference to research, training, education, laboratories, etc. are discussed. Various measures that could be employed for strengthening this field and upgrading its contribution in the crime investigation are also analyzed.


The success of these musical campaigns led him to found his own music company, English Major LLC, with the blessings of The Martin Agency. Today he leads a busy but fulfilling double life: traditional(ish) advertising creative by day, songwriter and music producer by night.


Electricity has become are indispensable component in the lives of all today. Street lights are one of the most crucial parts for public sector and urban areas. The traditional street lighting System which controlled manually has disadvantages like high power consumption, high cost and there is no effective monitoring system. This paper is proposes an Automatic Solar Panel Based LED Street Lighting System with wireless communication technology and various sensors to facilitate reduced power consumption. The system is connected to ZIGBEE network to transfer the information about street lights by utilizing ZIGBEE transmitters and receivers. The data is sent to base station control to know the status of the street light and to take proper evaluation in case of malfunction. The proposed prototype has been tested in different environmental conditions. The system has achieved 20-22 % of power reduction and economy in maintenance costs. A laboratory prototype was implemented and tested. Experimental results were shown to verify the feasibility of the proposed scheme.


BACKGROUND: In modern research standards, a semi-quantitative evaluation scale with crosses is used to characterize turbid cerebrospinal fluid samples, where the absence of turbidity is evaluated as a clear cerebrospinal fluid (a variant of norm), and turbidity is evaluated, depending on the severity, by a different number of crosses. This approach is highly subjective. AIM: Development of a simple objective method for assessment of turbidity of the cerebrospinal fluid. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The optimal wavelength was determined by examination of the optical density of turbid samples of barium sulfate at various wavelengths on Stat Fax photometer (Awarenes, USA). Turbidity was standardized using Shank–Hoagland scale. The reference range was evaluated based on the results of 10 measurements of 10 samples of visually unchanged cerebrospinal fluid. At the same time, the stability and reproducibility of the measured parameters were evaluated. RESULTS: The optimal wavelength diabase is the range emitted by red light filter (λ = 670 nm). Stability of cerebrospinal fluid parameters is preserved for 2 hours after its obtaining. The reference range for normal cerebrospinal fluid samples does not exceed 0.1 units of turbidity on Shank–Hoagland scale. CONCLUSION: The presented methods demonstrate the importance and possibilities of objectivization of characterization of the properties of cerebrospinal fluid with use of the proposed method.


This thesis present a study of the process to assembling ball bearing components and is intended to increase knowledge about the ball bearing assembly process. The work has been done at SKF Gro ...


This paper addresses the problems of measuring similarity between languages— where the term language covers any of the senses denoted by language, dialect or linguistic variety, as defined by any theory. We argue that to devise an effective way to measure the similarity between languages one should build a probabilistic model that tries to capture as much regular correspondence between the languages as possible. This approach yields two benefits. First, given a set of language data, for any two models, this gives a way of objectively determining which model is better, i.e., which model is more likely to be accurate and informative. Second, given a model, for any two languages we can determine, in a principled way, how close they are. The better models will be better at judging similarity. We present experiments on data from three language families to support these ideas. In particular, our results demonstrate the arbitrary nature of terms such as language vs. dialect, when applied to related languages.


It appears that the forms of Persian garden were fairly influenced by the Zoroastrianism throughout the long history. Therefore in this thesis, I have compared the idea of paradise described in the Ave sta with the garden forms of this counutry.There are some descriptions in the Avesta, which are accepted to have expressed concretely that how is the paradise created by the ancients. Yet these are the very same to have been suggested a model, which shows that "Such is place spent happy life", so 1 am quite sure that all the following circumstances were duly derived from such an idea ; namely, the garden form of this country is almost square or oblong in shape; the canal has ever been instituted in the garden; the verdant grove is one of the most important element of the garden ; there are many gardens assuming the pattern of orchard ; and the garden is always surrounded with walls.Also in the Avesta; there are some descriptions to convince enough of the circumstances which the fountain has been instituted along with the pond or canal at the beginning of Persian garden. It seems that this religion has ever attached great importance of water together wich fire and soil, and has also deemed as a most virtuous deed for man to cleanse. And thus these situations have made a powerful propulsion to draw water into the landscape of the garden, in addition to the strong human desire for water which arises necessarily from the natural geographic environment of these areas.


ABSTRACT:This article considers the student humanitarianism of an undergraduate university chapter of Liberty in North Korea (LiNK) toward a reconsideration of political aesthetics within the anthropology of humanitarian activity. Via what the organization describes as a "modern-day underground railroad," LiNK aims to assist North Korean refugees within China in transiting to safer havens in third countries, from which they may in turn seek permanent settlement, usually in South Korea. In service to this purpose, it sponsors a network of chapters or "rescue teams" that mostly aim to enroll collegiate or high school youth in the United States and beyond for fundraising as well as parallel goals of advocacy and the building of "awareness." Focusing on one such group, and drawing on other considerations of the domestic subjects of wide-ranging humanitarian activity, my ethnographic examination explores what I refer to as the "anti-aesthetic aesthetics" of student LiNK, its refusal of the aesthetics of empathy common within other humanitarian practice. Chapter members did not by and large practice the sympathetic magic of much humanitarianism, for instance through the performance of asceticism in homage to the suffering North Korean refugees endure or through the transmission of tokens of care. The overall tone of LiNK student activity was instead quite light, to the point of sometimes being ethnographically jarring. I argue that this affective lightness should not be overlooked or dismissed, for it helped to form an emotional and conceptual armature for student activists' recognition of North Koreans fleeing the country as "just like" themselves, a recognition present also in the use and reception of LiNK media. Ultimately, this political imagination of similarity between LiNK students and their population of concern suggests a critique of the anthropological critique of humanitarian subjectivities as based on a foundational bifurcation of modes of human being.


It is a pleasure to address you, young scientists on this special occasion. Almost sixty-two
years ago, I received my Ph.D. from McGill University in Montreal, Canada. Like you, I loved
learning new subjects, and looked forward to the life ahead.


The ribonucleic acid ard protein-synthesizing mechanisms in injured cells are discussed in relation to cell recovery. Results are given for studies with HeLa cells grown on glass cover slips or in quartz cuvettes, incubated, and exposed to a UV microbeam in the logarithmic phase. Measurements were made of nuclear synthesis of ribonucleic acid, protein metabolism, nucleo-cytoplasmic transfer of RNA, nucleo-cytoplasmic relationship in RNA and protein synthesis, the movement of RNA from nucleus to cytoplasm, and RNA synthesis and recovery processes. (C.H.)


An occurrence of metasomatic microscopic garnet of the grandite series in micarb chalk above basalt from the southwest branch of the Indian Ocean Ridge is described. The physical parameters (a = 11.92658Å, Sp. G. = 3.54, n 1.764) and chemical analysis are given, and the composition of the garnet is discussed. Possible sources of the constituents and mode of formation (paragenesis) are discussed; it is considered most probable that hydrothermal emanations from the magma source below the basalt transported silica, alumina, and ferric iron oxide into the ooze above it.


Introduction of Interactive Multimedia Applications flags in the continent of Asia for these children is a multimedia application that contains a lesson about familiar flags located on the continent of Asia, which packed in an attractive form and created using Macromedia Flash MX 8.0. By using Macromedia Flash MX 8.0, the display of these applications become more attractive because it is the combination of multimedia elements of images, text, sound, and animation, which are summarized into one. This application is also packaged as a CD so it can be used without having to use the program Macromedia Flash MX 8.0. This application is expected to be used in education, and can help preschool children in learning, and make the learning process more interesting and fun.


With the introduction of deep learning, a wave of artificial intelligence research has been set off again. Scientists focus on brain-inspired intelligence, namely, try to get inspiration from the brain nervous system and cognitive behavior mechanism, to develop intelligent computing models as well as algorithms with stronger information representation, processing and learning ability. So, the study of neurons and the connections between neurons of brain are needed. One major obstacle of reconstruction lies in segmenting and tracking neuronal processes. Electron microscopy is producing neurons images rapidly. In response, we propose an efficient method for neuronal tracking in electron microscopy images to help scientists reconstruct complex neurons. First, we track neurons by kernelized correlation filter to get candidate neuron; then we calculate overlap area and distance of the contours between two consecutive images to get final neuron. We evaluate the performance of our method on a public electron microscopy dataset. The method is superior in accuracy and efficiency.


The maintenance of plasma osmolality within a remarkably narrow range is achieved by very sensitive mechanisms that regulate thirst and the release of the antidiuretic hormone arginine vasopressin ...


The effects of various factors on the 180°peel strength of pressure sensitive tape are studied.The results indicate that the emulsion acrylic PSA is more sensitive to the roughness of test panel than solvent based acrylic PSA.The dwell time of test panel has larger effects on peel strength of rubber based adhesive than that of acrylic adhesive.Temperature and humidity also have big influence on peel strength.The peel strength of PET tape is higher than that of OPP tape within the same thickness.The peel strength of PET tape increases from 2.73 N/cm to 4.29 N/cm when the thickness of PET film increases from 12 micron to 38 micron.The peel strength of OPP tape increases from 2.23 N/cm to 3.81 N/cm when the thickness o adhesive increases from 10 micron to 40 micron.


Stuart Piggott, who died in September 1996, was an archaeologist with a broad range of interests from the Neolithic to the Iron Age in Scotland and across Europe. His achievements have been acknowledged by both his peers and the various archaeological institutions that he was involved in, including the Society.


A DBU-promoted cascade functionalization of a C(sp3)–H bond adjacent to oxygen and a radical cyclization reaction of vinyl isocyanides were developed. The reaction was carried out without the use of any metal catalysts or photoredox catalysis, which provides easy access to multi-functionalized isoquinolines.


Novel and quantitative mass spectrometry methods for rapid and accurate enantiomeric excess determination are presented. These methodologies use electrospray ionization (ESI) and mass spectrometry (MS) to detect and analyze, via collision-induced dissociation (CID), mass-selected transition metal complexes that promote enantio especific interactions. The data from CID are conveniently treated by the kinetic method, a sensitive linear free energy method of treating mass spectrometric results. Four different variations of this methodology are described: single ratio method (SR), quotient ratio method (QR), fixed ligand method (SRfixed), and quotient ratio method with fixed ligand (QRfixed). These individual methods are compared and their main features discussed in detail.


Background: The authors have previously demonstrated that propofol attenuates capacitative calcium entry (CCE) via the protein kinase C signaling pathway in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PVSMCs). The current goals were to determine whether CCE exists in PVSMCs; to assess the roles of the protein kinase C, tyrosine kinase (TK), and &rgr;-kinase signaling pathways in regulating CCE; and to investigate the extent and cellular mechanisms by which intravenous anesthetics (thiopental, midazolam, ketamine, and propofol) alter CCE. Methods: Primary cultures of fura-2–loaded canine PVSMCs were placed in a dish (37°C) on an inverted fluorescence microscope. Intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) was measured as the 340/380 fluorescence ratio in individual PVSMCs. Thapsigargin, a sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+–adenosine triphosphatase inhibitor, was used to deplete intracellular Ca2+ stores after removing extracellular Ca2+. CCE was then activated by restoring extracellular Ca2+ (2.2 mm). Results: Thapsigargin caused a transient increase in [Ca2+]i (160 ± 6%). Restoring extracellular Ca2+ caused a rapid peak increase in [Ca2+]i (155 ± 7% of baseline), followed by a sustained increase in [Ca2+]i (129 ± 5% of baseline), i.e., CCE was stimulated in PVSMCs. Neither protein kinase C activation nor inhibition had an effect on CCE. &rgr;-Kinase inhibition also had no effect on CCE, whereas TK inhibition attenuated both peak and sustained CCE. Thiopental, midazolam, ketamine, and propofol each attenuated both peak and sustained CCE. TK inhibition abolished the thiopental-, midazolam-, and ketamine-induced, but not the propofol-induced, decreases in CCE. Conclusion: Capacitative calcium entry is present in canine PVSMCs. Thiopental, midazolam, and ketamine attenuate CCE primarily via the TK signaling pathway. Propofol attenuates CCE via a TK-independent mechanism.


A generating a depth map from two pictures of a three-dimensional space scene. An image acquisition system for generating a depth map from two pictures of a three-dimensional space scene is described. According to one aspect of the present invention, the system generates a depth map on the basis of the relative blur between the two pictures, the absolute blur resulting from the system. According to another aspect of the present invention, the system directly from the relative blur between the two pictures, calculates a depth map. .FIELD 4


The paper investigates the specifics of the analysis of the processes of alienation in social philosophy in terms of correlation with the features of modern social development. Appeal to the universality of alienation as a characteristic of human existence can not only identify the holistic nature of the phenomenon under investigation, but also reveal the real reasons for the negative phenomena in contemporary social relations.


This paper presents a numerical approach for a cavitation model that bases on a combination of the Volume‐of‐Fluid technique with a model predicting the growth and collapse process of bubbles. The cavitation model is applied for the simulation of cavitating nozzle flows and cavitating flow over a NACA 0015 hydrofoil and showed it's capability to resolve characteristic effects of cavitation such as the cyclic formation of the cavitation cloud, the formation of the re‐entrant jet and the local occurrence of hydrodynamic pressure peaks due to bubble cloud collapse.


Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited (BHEL), Bhopal manufactures a wide variety of traction equipment for railway , viz action motors, alternators and generators. The heavy duty gear wheels and pinions, used in various types of traction motors ( viz165 , 253 BX/AZ , TM4939 etc ), are manufacture by BHEL . The manufacturing procedure of gear wheels include hardening to 415 HV minimum. The gear wheels were being hardened by conventional hardening process know as water Quenching process. This include heating of gear wheels quenching and tempering to achieve the required hardness. BHEL Bhopal at present is manufacturing 1500 to 1800 traction heavy duty gears per annum. Heavy duty gears usually work under most severe conditions as such the gears should possess high strength and good wear resistance. But in actual practices some difficulties arise while hardening process such as non-uniform hardness and hence cracking of gears, non-uniform temperature profile, distortion of teeth, etc. Optimization here refers to the experimental analysis according to which it was found economical and productive to switch over to induction hardening of gears instead of conventional hardening. The various pros and cons were analyses and finally induction machine has been imported and commissioned .The induction hardening resulted in hardening of gear flanks in the range of 44 to 52 Rc and a case depth of 1.5 to 3 mm. The operating parameters under consideration for hardening were Operation frequency, A.C power, Heating time and Temperature.


In response to a recent Defense Science Board Task Force report and Congressional direction, the Environmental Security Technology Certification Program initiated a Wide Area Assessment Pilot Program in 2005 with demonstrations at three Formerly Used Defense Sites. In 2006, the Pilot Program was expanded to include three additional sites with different characteristics. All data collection, interpretation, and validation efforts have been completed at five of the sites and data collection and analysis is ongoing at the former Camp Beale in CA. In this paper we briefly describe the technologies used in the demonstrations, present an overview of the survey data collected during the demonstrations, discuss the validation activities undertaken, and close by drawing conclusions on the applicability of this process to other potentially-contaminated sites.


A summary of BS 594 Part 2 1985 (Hot Rolled Asphalt for Roads and Other Paved Areas. Part 2. Specification for the Transport, Laying and Compaction of Rolled Asphalt) where it relates to chipped hot rolled asphalt wearing courses is provided and its shortcomings discussed. Parts of the standard are not specific and are therefore open to a variety of interpretations. It is suggested that the British Standards Institute should decide whether its documents are standards or options. If it opts for the former then some amendment is necessary. The section on wind chilling of the wearing course is too vague to have any meaningful effect, the section on compaction needs considerable expansion and the section on laying in cold weather has little foundation in fact. A results specification is suggested as a satisfactory answer. BS 594 Part 3 1985, which was written to form part of a comprehensive results specification is also deficient in some respects. The section on texture depth will lead to asphalt wearing courses with limited life before renewal is necessary. (TRRL)


Summary

One confirmed case and three clinically diagnosed cases of canine pneumocystis pneumonia are described I closely-related, pedigreed Miniature Dachshunds. The main clinical sign were respiratory embarrasasment, loss of weight with out loss of appetite, normal temperature and low exercise tolerance. Two cases were fatal and post mortem findings of one revealed generalized red hepatisation in the lungs with marked interstitial pneumonitis and eosinophilic honeycombmasses of P. carinii in the alveoli. The general pathology was similar to that described for human pneumocystic pneumonia.


In this article are specified frequency and clinical displays of an additional pancreas and one clinical case from own practice is described.


An experimental system mainly consisting of two direct-link DC motors for emulating mechanical loads on robot joint was proposed and introduced before the establishment of its mathematical model.Speed-tracking control algorithm was used in this paper.Meanwhile,the mathematical model and the control algorithm were simulated through Matlab/Simulink.Finally,the performance of the experimental system was tested.And the mechanical load emulation experiments prove that the speed-tracking algorithm and the experimental system are feasible and effective for emulating non-linear mechanical loads on robot joints.