The concept of sustainability is widely acknowledged as a political guideline. Economic, ecological, social and cultural aspects of sustainability are already under discussion. Current space mining efforts demand that the discussion become a broader one about 'planetary sustainability', including the space surrounding Earth. To date, planetary sustainability has mainly been used with reference to Earth only and I will extend it here, elaborating on a similar NASA initiative. This article (1) sketches the contemporary economic–political initiatives which call for a special reflection of Earth's location in space, and then (2) discusses the meaning of the concept of sustainability in this context. Next, (3) I relate the discussion to the issue of planetary and environmental protection, before, (4) finally, presenting a philosophical and theological perspective that seems particularly able to broach the issue of the multiple dimensions of sustainability in this context. This is the concept of constructive-critical realism. My overview of the topic concludes with (5) a summarizing outlook. The concept of sustainability is widely acknowledged as a political guideline. Economic, ecological, social and cultural aspects of sustainability are already under discussion. Current space mining efforts demand that the discussion become a broader one about 'planetary sustainability', including the space surrounding Earth. This article (1) sketches the contemporary economic–political initiatives which call for a special reflection of Earth's location in space. The Luxembourgian space mining initiative will be portrayed in some detail, to serve the purpose of documenting a test case for the argumentation. The article then (2) discusses the meaning of the concept of sustainability in this context. Next, (3) I relate the discussion to the issue of planetary and environmental protection, before, (4) finally, presenting a philosophical and theological perspective that seems particularly able to broach the issue of the multiple dimensions of sustainability in this context. This is the concept of constructivecritical realism (CCR). My overview of the topic concludes with (5) a summarizing outlook. I am aware, however, that the arguments presented here can only be a start for the consideration of sustainability in planetary dimensions, or potentially even as a core element of more general 'astroethics' (Peters 2014; cf. Impey et al. 2013). Contemporary initiatives call for reflection 'We still have the power to choose – irreversible harm has not yet reached catastrophic levels... This planet's sustainability calls for a new relationship, viable over time, between humankind and our habitat, a relationship placing humanity in the forefront, precisely at the outset of a new age that will be marked by wisdom, knowledge and information, shared globally' (UNESCO, 2003: 5). With these inspiring words, UNESCO, 2005–2015 the leading UN-Agency for Education and sustainable development, has propagated a 'planetary sustainability'. Here, I will expand this idea and use the term in a more encompassing manner, aiming at including the space surrounding Earth when invoking the planetary vocabulary. I am convinced, in the developing Space Age the issue of sustainability must be reframed in this way. Obvious to the scientist, Earth does not float in an empty void, but is part of a universe, surrounded by billions of billions of space objects. Actually, also the UN are aware of this, as their Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space (UNCOPUOS) had established within its Scientific and Technical Subcommittee a Working Group on the Long-term Sustainability of Outer Space Activities which addressed thematic areas, including sustainable space utilization supporting sustainable development on Earth (UNOOSA, 2017). Additionally, the Office for Outer Space Affairs (UNOOSA) has launched a new framework strategy called Space2030, advocating This work results from a project pursued as research fellow at the Center of Theological Inquiry (CTI) Princeton/NJ, sponsored by NASA grant NNX14AR81G, and within the collaboration of the COST Action TD 1308 'Life – ORIGINS'. Cf. the German article Losch (2016). A book on topic is the aim of a current project, cf. www.planetarysustainability.unibe.ch. space as a driver for sustainable development. 'We want to make sure that space technology and applications are used to bring concrete benefits to all humankind, paying special attention to the future space-faring and developing countries while also carefully considering the long-term sustainability of outer space activities for current and future generations.' All these efforts aim at working together 'towards building better lives on Earth' (Di Pippo 2017). Similarly, NASA launched in 2014 an initiative with the title 'planetary sustainability', whose vision statement includes three main objectives: 1. A world in which all people have access to abundant water, food and energy, as well as protection from severe storms and climate change impacts; 2. Healthy and sustainable worldwide economic growth from renewable products and resources; 3. A multi-planetary society, where the resources of the Solar System are available to the people of Earth. (NASA 2014). This vision combines the two traditional dimensions of NASA's engagement, with space science and with Earth science, and it is in this twofold manner that the idea of a planetary sustainability shall be explored within this paper. So in pursuing my approach, I follow NASA's use of the term 'planetary sustainability' as the most encompassing one. Why is this extension of the concept important today? Following the shock of Sputnik and after NASA finally landed humans on the Moon, NASA, ESA and their competing and cooperating space agencies undertook exploration missions to Mars or even more distant areas. Today, private companies invest mainly in satellite launches and space tourism; nevertheless, there are private enterprises (e.g. Elon Musk's SpaceX), which help to supply the International Space Station (ISS). With the current plans of companies such as Planetary Resources or Deep Space Industries to exploit near Earth objects (e.g. asteroids), the Space Age is on the verge of entering a new phase. The SPACE (Spurring Private Aerospace Competitiveness and Entrepreneurship) Act of 2015, as signed by US President Barack Obama in November of that year, opened to US citizens the opportunity 'to engage in commercial exploration for and commercial recovery of space resources" (§ 51302 (3)). Those space resources are abiotic resources including water and minerals (§ 51301). One can ask, whether these activities oppose the international Outer Space Treaty (1967), because according to this contract the use of space is only allowed 'for the benefit and in the interests of all countries' (art. I). A disclaimer at the end of the SPACE Act denies claims of sovereignty for celestial bodies. It is not clear why, in contrast, extraction rights should be unproblematic. The USA can refer to another paragraph of the Treaty, which says 'outer space shall be free for exploration and use by all States' (art. I), because they interpret the recovery of minerals needed for space mining as a simple 'use'. This seems to be a possible interpretation, as the International Institute of Space Law published on 20 December 2015 a statement on this topic, which says: 'In view of the absence of a clear prohibition of the taking of resources in the Outer Space Treaty one can conclude that the use of space resources is permitted. Viewed from this perspective, the new United States Act is a possible interpretation of the Outer Space Treaty. Whether and to what extent this interpretation is shared by other States remains to be seen.' The Luxembourgian government shared this interpretation and has taken action. On 3 February 2016, it 'announced a series of measures to position Luxembourg as a European hub in the exploration and use of space resources. Amongst the key steps undertaken, as part of the spaceresources.lu initiative, will be the development of a legal and regulatory framework confirming certainty about the future ownership of minerals extracted in space from Near Earth Objects (NEO's) such as asteroids. [...] Such a legal framework will be worked out in full consideration of international law. Luxembourg is eager to engage with other countries on this matter within a multilateral framework' (The Government of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg 2016a). Probably it also tried to relate to the spirit of the Outer Space Treaty with these wordings. According to recent critics, who voiced the concern that the new US law and the Luxembourg initiative are nothing but a classic rendition of the 'he who dares wins' philosophy of the Wild West, the Luxembourgian initiative initially answered: 'Luxembourg is carefully considering these discussions. While there may be similarities in U.S. thinking, the Luxembourg Government prefers to liken potential legal similitudes to deepsea fishing in international waters: Fishermen don't own the oceans and they don't own the fish, but they have the right to put nets into the water and bring fish onto their ship decks. And once the fish are on deck, they own the fish.' If multiple countries follow a similar aim, 'these countries would need to discuss and find a bilateral or multilateral solution. It would be in the interest of all involved players. Luxembourg will encourage bilateral and multilateral agreements between the concerned countries to find a way to deal with this. One solution to investigate is to follow the example of the International Telecommunications Union, regulating the access to the frequency spectrum and orbital positions on the geostationary arc.' One must know, however, that these texts were published on an older version of the The Space2030 framework will be built upon four pillars: Space accessibility: a


Chronic heart failure and diabetes. A position paper. Chronic heart failure and diabetes are closely related with each other. Glucose intolerance and overt diabetes are highly prevalent in patients with chronic heart failure, while chronic heart failure is known as a severe long-term complication in patients with diabetes. This position paper from the Austrian Diabetes Association and the Austrian Society of Cardiology aims to improve the awareness for these co-existing disorders and summarizes relevant diagnostic procedures and therapeutic approaches for daily clinical practice. J Kardiol 2021; 28 (1-2): 14–20.


The article discusses the problem of self-consciousness, which was first articulated by G. Fichte, and which refers to explaining a conscious self-reference without falling into an infinite regression when self-consciousness is implied but not explained. Analyzing S. Shoemaker's linguistic approach to self-consciousness, the author asserts that the key feature of self-consciousness is a conscious self-reference. However, after considering Shoemaker's arguments, the author claims impossibility of solving the problem of self-consciousness solely by means of a linguistic analysis.Therefore, the author refers to two bottom-up proposals aiming to solve this issue: the approach of non-conceptual forms of self-consciousness developed by J. Bermúdez and the conception of self-consciousness pre-reflective form coined by D. Zahavi. The article states inadequacies in both approaches and asserts the need to identify self-consciousness in non-intentional (in terms of phenomenology), non-semantic, and non-mental concepts - that is, in a naturalistic way that meets the requirements to naturalism put forward by L. Baker. For this, the author suggests referring to representationalism, in particular to, the works of F. Dretske, and trying to ground the theory of self-consciousness in his statement that representations do not require «self», a principle that spontaneously organizes mental activity and carries out all intentional acts.The author concludes that the approach of Dretske avoids an endless regression or circular way of explanation. However, the very project of naturalization of self-consciousness, based on a non-linguistic, naturalized form of representation of a cognitive system that does not contain «self», can not exist without taking into account the first-person perspective. One of the possible solutions to this problem is the assumption of a metaphysical relation everyone has to himself. However, the author stresses the need for further clarification and agreement with the theses of strong representationalism.


The purpose of this study is to make the most of traditional Hanok`s advantages and Developed the New-Hanok Style Public Buildings Model, Stage-by-Stage and for revitalization, the New-Hanok Style Public Buildings selected domestic public buildings that is considered to contain the concept of public buildings, The questionnaire survey was conducted for the general public who had experience using it. Based on the results of the analysis, the basic plan for revitalization of the New-Hanok Style Public Buildings. As a result of the research, it was conformed that the New-Hanok Style Public Buildings was used for tour and activities in generally, And satisfaction with use also very high.


Soon after the uprising of General Franco in July 1936, the elite of international journalism turned its attention to the political undercurrents of the emerging Spanish Civil War, a historical period which would become a 'golden age' for foreign correspondents, and a conflict where women would for the first time play a leading role in global war reporting. Their battlefield accounts often reflect a biased understanding of the ideological confrontation of the two warring factions, referred to in Anglosaxon media as 'Loyalists' (Republicans) and 'Nationalists' (Francoists), whereas domestic reporters preferred the more categorical 'rojos' (reds) or 'fascistas' (fascists). For many foreign journalists, sending their chronicles back home meant paying a heavy toll, since correspondents were only allowed on the frontline when accredited and any journalist held prisoner could easily be mistaken for a spy. Drawing on a selection of historical, journalistic, media and translation studies research sources, as well as on a number of memoirs, personal accounts and biographies, in this article we discuss some up to now uncharted issues arising from the symbiotic connection between translation and journalism during the Spanish Civil War: (a) their lack of proficiency in Spanish and their unfamiliarity with the country made it necessary for many correspondents to rely on the assistance of interpreters, fixers, guides and press officers, recruited for their ideological commitment to the rebel military uprising or to the Republican Government; (b) the role of translation in the Press and Propaganda Offices set up by the incipient Nationalist government, the Spanish Republic and the Catalan and Basque autonomous governments; and (c) the complex relationship between foreign correspondents and translators working for the censorship departments set up by Francoist and Republican Press Offices in order to prevent journalists from revealing information which might undermine the morale of civilians or troops, and the international reception of the narratives they sought to disseminate abroad.


The acidity and texture of HZSM-5 zeolites (ratio of Silica-to-Alumina is 38) treated with steam at different temperature were studied by XRD, NH 3 -TPD, the determination of specific surface area and pore texture. The results show that the crystallinity of HZSM-5 zeolites reduces with the increasing of steam treatment temperature, but it doesn't change evidently. Results of the NH 3 -TPD reveals that the acidity decreases remarkably, the weak acid distribution increases, while the strong acid distribution decreases relatively with the increasing of temperature. According to the results of N 2 adsorption-desorption isotherms, surface area and microporous volume decrease, while mesoporous volume increases.


Explicit versions of positivism were cast off some time ago in philosophy, but a tacit form continues to thrive in education research, exemplified by the "new scientific orthodoxy" codified in the National Research Council's Scientific Research in Education (2002) and reinforced in the American Educational Research Association's Standards for Reporting on Empirical Social Science Research in AERA Publications (2006). The author rehearses previous critiques of positivist "dogmas" in education research and applies them to the new orthodoxy. Then, borrowing from the emergent field of the "rhetoric of science," he explores how pursuit of the education science question has nourished a positivist conception of education research. He concludes by suggesting that the education science question should be reframed and briefly suggests how.


Fructone was synthesized with ethyl acetoacetate and glycol by using solid acid SO2-4/ZrO2-TiO2 as catalyst.The effects of water-carrying reagent,feed ratio,reaction time,catalyst dosage on the yield of the product were studied.Results showed that the optimum reaction conditions were molar ratio of cyclohexanon to ethylene 1:1.5,catalyst dosage 2%(w%) of the total reactants,and the amount of cyclohexane 37.5%(V%) of the total reactants.After 2 h reaction,the yield of fructone reached 76.8%.


Agricultural materials directly relate to the income and vital interests of the farmers.The occurrence of bad dealers caused heavy damages to the farmers and pesticide enterprises.This paper firstly describes the bad behavior appearance of bad dealers,and then analyzes its causes and hazards.Aiming to these,the author puts forward the corresponding measures and approaches to keep away the business risk caused by bad dealers,in order to provide some references for the business of pesticide enterprises.


A maximum power point tracking process is a very important task to harvest the maximum power available from a photovoltaic generator. For this reason, resorting to the development of new and more effective methods is an absolute necessity. Numerous advanced methods have been successfully employed to extract the real maximum point, such as neural networks and metaheuristic techniques. These techniques deal effectively in such conditions. However, the use of the algorithm alone has some limitations. In order to solve these drawbacks, the combination of two or more different techniques provides more advantages over single MPPT algorithms and improves the performance of the overall system. This paper mainly focus in reviewing the most important and recent hybrid global MPPT techniques proposed in the literature and proposes a classification of these methods with a comparison of their performances. All surveyed hybrid GMPPT methods are divided into four categories according to algorithms types involved in the MPPT method. This review study intends to make it easier for the user to make the convenient selection of which method to adopt especially in the presence of a variety of methods which are continuously developing in the literature. For this reason, resorting to the development of new and more effective methods is an absolute necessity to avoid the aforementioned problems. In the same context, numerous advanced methods have been successfully employed to extract the real maximum point, such as neural networks and metaheuristic techniques. These techniques deal effectively in such conditions. However, the use of the algorithm alone has some limitations. In order to solve these drawbacks, the combination of two or more different techniques provides more advantages over single MPPT algorithms and improves the performance of the overall system. This paper mainly focus in reviewing the recent hybrid global MPPT techniques proposed in the literature and proposes a classification of these methods with a comparison of their performances. All surveyed hybrid GMPPT methods are divided into four categories according to algorithms types involved in the MPPT method. This review study intends to make it easier for the user to make the convenient selection of which method to adopt especially in the presence of a variety of methods which are continuously developing in the literature.


Abstract : Army officers within the command structure of 44 CONUS battalions were administered tests developed to measure the tacit leadership knowledge of platoon leaders, company commanders and battalion commanders. Tests at each level consisted of a series of scenarios derived from actual experiences with a set of possible responses to the leadership situation described. In addition, the 562 officers were also administered a test of verbal reasoning ability, a related test of tacit knowledge developed for business managers, and a criterion measure of leadership effectiveness. Analyses were performed to determine if the tacit knowledge for military leadership inventories predicted leadership effectiveness and if they predicted better than the other measures. The inventories predicted leadership effectiveness ratings at each level and did so better than verbal reasoning ability, tacit knowledge for managers, or experience. A complex relationship emerged between tacit leadership knowledge and leadership effectiveness ratings at the three command levels, supporting the use of a multi-level approach in assessing tacit knowledge.


The main property of wireless sensor networks is limited resource, especially energy. To solve this problem, RCHR (regional clustering hierarchical routing algorithm), a regional-centralized cluster formation algorithm for routing algorithm is proposed. The centralized algorithm will be used at the beginning to overcome the defect that the clusters distribute unevenly. After this round, a regional centralized algorithm will be implemented. The non-cluster-head node sends information about location and energy to the cluster-head node in a cluster. Upon receiving the information, the cluster-head run a dummy center algorithm to select a new cluster-head and a spare cluster-head in the next round so that the node no longer sends information to the sink node directly each round, thus the costs will be decreased. The cluster-heads run hierarchical based algorithm to create a path through to the sink node. The results indicate clearly that RCHR outperforms LEACH in energy conservation and network lifetime extension.


Metal organic vapor phase epitaxially grown 5 nm InP quantum dots (QDs) were embedded as charge storage elements between high-k control and tunneling dielectric layers in GaAs metal-oxide-semiconductor based nonvolatile memory devices. The QDs trap more electrons resulting in a large memory window (6.3 V) along with low leakage due to Coulomb blockade effect. 16.5% charge loss was found even after 105 s indicating its good charge storing potential. The programming and erasing operations were discussed with proposed band diagram.


The paper classifies the degrees of soil erosion potential danger in different regions and soil erosion intensity of 11 counties (cities) in typical chernozem of the whole province according to the 1st and 2nd remote sensing survey data of soil erosion conducted in the province, using the technical means of GPS and through field survey and office analysis and study.


Based upon Tomonoga-Rowe's many body theory, we find that the algebraic models, including IBM and FDSM are simplest extension of Rowe-Rosensteel's sp(3R).Dynkin-Gruber's subalgebra embedding method is applied to find an appropriate algebra and it's reduction chains conforming to physical requirement. The separated cases sp(6) and so(8) now appear as two branches stemming from the same root D6-O(12). Transitional ease between sp(6) and so(8) is inherently include.


Compositional changes during fruit maturation were studied in two important date cultivars grown in Saudi Arabia. Physical analyses showed that the fruit weight, length, diameter and weight of seed were highest at the mature color stage. Chemical analyses including moisture, total nitrogen, fat, fiber, ash, tannins, vitamin C, β-carotene, and 10 nutritionally essential minerals showed that all were highest at the early stages of development and decreased during maturation. Reducing sugars were dominant in both cultivars and showed progressive increase during ripening with fructose and glucose as the only detected constituents. Sucrose content reached its maximum in both cultivars at the mature color stage then dropped sharply at the ripe stage. The total sugar content in both cultivars tended to increase all throughout maturation.


This paper outlines how TASC has been adopted to provide an extension programme through Telematics1 Through the Priority Country Areas Programme National Element (PCAP) both Western Australia and the Northern Territory gained funding for a joint three year Telematics project from 1992–1994. for a group of high ability primary school students from a remote mining town in Western Australia.


A methodology for mapping the spatial distribution of air pollutants by computer is presented. Using input data from discretely located air monitoring stations, estimates of pollutant concentrations are computed at 1.2-mile (2-km) increments between stations by two-dimensional interpolation. Maps are then printed to show the resulting distribution. Application of this technique to mapping the oxidant distribution in a select study area is demonstrated. Oxidant data are displayed in both measured units (e.g., pphm) and as Pollutant Standards Index values. Practical applications examined include the use of mapping to site air monitoring stations, providing public information, preparation of environmental impact studies, and conducting trend analyses.


The only way out is to establish civil compensation system, to enhance the construction of fidelity and credit, to rationalize the appropriate supervision orientation and path - dependence on auditing charge system.


Background
Most pregnant epilepsy patients need to continue using anti-seizure medications (ASMs) to control epileptic seizures.

Objective
This study aimed to evaluate the risk of early abortion in pregnant epilepsy patients exposed to anti-seizure monotherapy.

Methods and Material
We prospectively followed up pregnant epilepsy patients treated with anti-seizure monotherapy in our epilepsy center between January 2010 and January 2020 under real-world conditions. Early abortion (spontaneous abortion in the first trimester of pregnancy) was the endpoint.

Results
Of 211 pregnancies exposed to monotherapy, including 40% (n = 85) to lamotrigine (LTG), 28% (n = 58) to oxcarbazepine (OXC), 15% (n = 32) to sodium valproate (VPA), 9% (n = 19) to levetiracetam, and 8% (n = 17) to carbamazepine, six ended in early abortion. The overall risk of early abortion in pregnant patients exposed to ASM monotherapy was 2.8% (n = 6) [95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.013-0.073]. The risk of early abortion was 2.4% (n = 2) (95% CI = 0.003-0.082) in women treated with LTG, 3.5% (n = 2) (95% CI = 0.004-0.115) in women treated with OXC, and 6.3% (n = 2) (95% CI = 0.008-0.208) in women treated with VPA. The relative risk of early abortion in the LTG, OXC, and VPA groups did not reach statistical significance.

Conclusions
Although the sample size of our study was small, these results indicate that the use of anti-seizure monotherapy in pregnant epilepsy patients may not increase the risk of early miscarriage. Larger prospective studies are needed for sufficient statistical analysis.


With the general development of social economy, the quality of people's lives is constantly improving. Plant landscape is indispensable in urban gathering areas such as public parks and community squares. However, unreasonable design problems will cause a negative impact on the urban environment. Also, different scenes cause different requirements in the design concept and ecological setting technology for landscape designers. The intelligent landscape design method driven by the knowledge base proposed in this paper attempts to intelligently generate the layout of landscape plants and plant communities in a given scene. We build the knowledge base using the plant database, and take the data provided in the knowledge base as the basis and judgment condition for the plants' requirements for the environment. A rational inference and rule construction, in combination with the design principles of landscape architecture, is created to facilitate the arrangement of landscape plants.


Rohith Kumar Uppala NCAR Email: email@example.com Many of the scientific applications that execute on large scale parallel computing platforms run in a suboptimal fashion. Frequently, modest changes or optimizations to the internal calculation of the applications can significantly reduce the time-tosolution and improves the code quality. While it is frequently easy to make these code modifications, it is non-trivial to know exactly which modification should be made. This optimization process requires lot of analysis and human efforts. Using simulation or manual techniques to measure the performance and identify the part of code need to be optimized of the whole source code is often too slow. Our idea is to decrease the human efforts and reduce the time for identification of code optimization by utilizing machine learning techniques to identify which code changes should be applied to certain sections of code based on a detailed performance analysis of an application. • As problem is both classification and regression task, we chose Random Forest Classifier, because it is • Less prone to overfitting • Efficient on large datasets • De-correlates the features • To get the best estimator we need to tune the hyper parameters such as Number of trees, Max Features and Max depth etc. • Hyper parameter tuning can be done by two methods Grid Search CV and Randomized Search CV


Two models for near and far field BTS sector antennas are compared. In order to use these models, a reverse engineering method for evaluating model parameters starting from available antenna datasheets is described.


The purpose of this experiment was to evaluate regrowth of leafy spurge from root segments taken at various soil depths. Leafy spurge plants were grown in four 61 by 5 by 137 cm root boxes for nine months in a greenhouse, watered weekly and fertilized after 5 months. Plant 1 had four main vertical roots growing from the crown which were divided into four groups A-D in 5, 10, 15 or 20 cm sections, respectively. Root tissue of Plants 2 and 3 were separated into 10 cm sections and Plant 4 was separated into 20 cm sections. Each segment was replanted to a depth of 3 to 4 cm and the number of shoots arising from each root segment was counted each week for nine weeks. After each count the shoots were removed at soil level to allow further stimulation of growth.


My major concern about their paper is that the authors assume estuarine circulation (or vertical exchange flow) is the only landward salt transport process about the salt transport processes. In addition to vertical shear dispersion, tidal pumping can act as an important salt transport mechanism in well mixed estuaries (Wei et al., 2016), weakly stratified estuaries (Wei et al 2021) and partially mixed estuaries (Uncles et al 1985). Uncles et al. (1985) also pointed out importance of transverse shear dispersion in wide sections. The Weser estuary is relatively long (>120 km) with a tidal range of 2.8-4.1 m, it is very likely that tidal pumping plays a significant role in salt transport here. Lateral shear dispersion may be also important in the wide Outer Weser.


Automated ECG signal processing can assist in diagnosing several heart diseases. Many R peak detection methods have been studied because the accuracy of R peak detection significantly affects the quality of subsequent ECG feature extraction. Two important steps in R peak detection algorithm that draw attention over researchers are the preprocessing and thresholding stages. Among several methods, wavelet transform is a widely used method for removing noise in the preprocessing stage. Various proposed algorithms require prior knowledge of frequency spectrum of the signal under consideration in order to select the wavelet detail coefficients in the reconstruction process. Moreover, parameter fine tuning is generally involved in threshold selection to accomplish high detection accuracy. As a result, it may be difficult to utilize these methods for general ECG data sets. Accordingly, we propose an automatic and parameter free method that optimally selects the appropriate detail components for wavelet reconstruction as well as the adaptive threshold. The proposed algorithm employs the analysis of probability density function of the processed ECG signal. The validation of the algorithm was performed over the MIT-BIH database and has produced an average sensitivity of 99.63% and specificity of 99.78% which is in the same range as the previously proposed approaches.


This study was conducted in the laboratories of Biology Department,facultyofScience,which deal with isolation,purification and characterization ofof amylase by Escherichia coli which carried out for enhanced production of amylase using starch (1%) asthe substrate of enzyme, the production was carried out by submerged fermentation, the best conditions were the isolated ofamylase in synthetic medium, it gave high titer of amylase activity, the ammonium sulfate as nitrogen source, incubation period 48 h, the starch as carbon source,, incubation temperature 30 °C and pH = 7, The enzyme was purified using ammonium sulphate precipitation(60%) anddialysis, the purified amylase had a maximum activity at pH =7,the amylase was stable with pH values ranging between (7 - 8) and in temperature 30 °C also amylase was stable in (30- 40 ) °C analyses of the amylase for molecular weight was carried out by SDS-PAGE electrophoresiswhich revealed 52 KDa.


Lewis Nkosi, the late exiled South African writer, and the city of Durban, an extended urban space of an estimated 3 million inhabitants, are incontrovertibly linked. This sprawling Indian Ocean town is where Nkosi was born, where he was educated as a small child, where he started his working career, and where he was finally buried on 10 September 2010. Given the centrality of Durban to Nkosi's life story, it is unsurprising that this city periodically appears in Nkosi's writing, both fictional and non-fictional, as a geographical 'setting' but also as a symbol of political change in South Africa. This paper, then, begins an evaluation of the role of 'Durban' and the Indian Ocean in the life and work of Nkosi, drawing from his novel Mating birds, and also from a little known article published in a Swiss newspaper, translated into German. Durban emerges from these various sources as a city in flux, a place of startling contrasts, a melting pot of peoples and a dream space called 'home' for this celebrated writer.


Bi2Sr2Ca2Cu3O10 (Bi-2223) ceramics was synthesized by melt-quenched method at 1200 oC for 30 min and their physical properties were measured. Microstructures of the ceramics were observed by using the scanning electron microscope (SEM). The crystal structures were measured and simulated by using x-ray diffraction (XRD) technique and visualization of crystal structure (VICS) software, respectively. Elastically properties and micro-hardness were measured and evaluated by using ultrasonic sound velocity measuring device and micro hardness tester, respectively. It found that, the Bi2Sr2Ca2Cu3O10 ceramics is the amorphous behaviour confirmed by the XRD analysis. The Bi-2223 ceramics has been a good value of bulk modulus (K), Young's modulus (E), Shear modulus (G) and Vickers hardness (Hv), these properties was corresponded to the base thermoelectric materials.


On June 24 through 26, 1996, a scientific conference entitled From Stardust to Planetesimals was held at the Westin Hotel, Santa Clara, California, as part of the 108th annual meeting of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. Over the last decade, our understanding of the formation and early evolution of the solar system has advanced considerably due to progress that has been made simultaneously on many fronts. Stardust has been isolated in meteorites and interplanetary dust particles (IDP's), providing us with sample materials which predate the solar system and which offer clues to the processing that has occurred. At the same time, infrared studies have led to a better characterization of the composition of interstellar dust, which is now readily accepted as an important component of the interstellar medium infrared observations have also provided a much better view of the star-formation process and the role of dust therein. Recently, the presence of Kuiper Belt planetesimals has been confirmed and spectroscopy of these rather pristine objects may soon become available. Analysis of spacecraft data from the Comet Halley flybys has yielded a wealth of information on the composition of this comet. These observational advances have changed our understanding of planetesimal processing. The launch of the Infrared Space Observatory, the opening of 10-meter class telescopes, and, in the longer term, the Rosetta mission, promise to continue to broaden and deepen our understanding of the evolution from stardust to planetesimals. For these reasons we considered it timely to organize a meeting focused on the processes that connect stardust and planetesimals. The goal of this meeting was, therefore, to bring together astronomers interested in star- and planet-formation, planetary scientists studying early solar system relics, laboratory scientists studying the processing of analogs, and scientists analyzing meteorites and interplanetary dust particles, grain by grain. As a result of this endeavor, over 200 participants, including 153 scientists from 14 different countries, gathered to discuss the origin and evolution of stardust. We hope that this encounter in Santa Clara will foster an ongoing interchange of information and ideas within this diverse group of scientists. A major aim of this meeting was to produce conference proceedings which reflect the current situation regarding the evolution from stardust to planetesimals.


Mechanisms underlying tumor sensitivity to the antitumor agent UCN‐01 (7‐hydroxystaurosporine) were examined in the nude mouse model using three human tumor xenografts, two pancreatic cancers (PAN‐3‐JCK and CRL 1420) and a breast cancer (MX‐1). UCN‐01 antitumor activity was evaluated in terms of relative tumor weights in treated and untreated mice bearing the tumor xenografts. The activity of cyclin‐dependent kinase 2 (CDK2), levels of p21 and p27 proteins, pRb status and cell cycle were evaluated. Induction of p21 and apoptosis were also assessed immuno‐histochemically in CRL 1420. UCN‐01 was administered intraperitoneally at a dose of either 5 or 10 mg/kg daily for 5 days followed by a further 5 injections after an interval of 2 days. UCN‐01 significantly suppressed the growth of both pancreatic cancers, but was ineffective against MX‐1. p21 protein expression was markedly induced in the UCN‐01‐sensitive pancreatic carcinoma xenografts at both doses, but p21 induction was only evident in the UCN‐01‐resistant MX‐1 at 10 mg/kg. MX‐1 exhibited CDK2 activity that was 6‐fold higher than that of pancreatic cancer strains, which may explain the resistance of MX‐1 to UCN‐01 despite the induction of p21 at the dose of 10 mg/kg. The UCN‐01‐sensitive tumors exhibited G1 arrest and increased levels of apoptosis, changes not observed in resistant MX‐1. In conclusion, it appears that a determining factor of in vivo UCN‐01 sensitivity involves the balance of CDK2 kinase activity and p21 protein induction, resulting in augmented pRb phosphorylation, G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis.


MSMEs in India are a significant donor to the Indian country and are drivers of progress. By its less as sets oriented and high labour absorption character, MSME sector has made significant assistance to the developed production, services formation, rural industrialization and export of the country. It is predictable that in terms of value, the sector acco unts for about 45 per cent of the manufacturing manufacture and 40 per cent of the total country. Over 6000 products ranging from traditiona l to high-tech items are manufactured by MSMEs in India. The sector creates largest services opportun ity next only to agriculture. The present paper is base d on secondary data which covers M S Es, their role, digitalization in MSMEs, their benefits etc. INTRODUCTION MSMEs in India MSME Sector plays a major role in India's there export performance. According to the Ministry of MSME (2011b), just about 45 of the Indian export is have a say by this sector. This takes place through merchant exporters, trading houses and expo rt houses. They may also be in the form of export instructions from big units or the manufacture of part use in over exportable goods. I t would shock lot of to know that nontraditional crop account for more than 95 per cent of the MSME export. In the last decade, the export arrangement has been additional fuelled by the progress of clothes, leather and gems & jewellery units of this sector. The product groups where the sector dominates in export s are sports education items, ready-towear garments, woollen garments &woollens , plastic products, processed food and leather products. According to t he fourth survey of MSME, 67 per cent of the enterpris es in the register MSMEs sector were occupied in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD)


In this work the influence of GaN substrate thickness on the near and far-field patterns of InGaN lasers structures is analyzed. In simulation a conventional separate confinement heterostructure of InGaN-MQW / GaN / AlGaN is considered. A fluctuating behavior is found, showing that for some values of the substrate thickness the near and far- field patterns can be optimized and there are critical values of the substrate thickness that produce the lowest values of the confinement factor and the higher values of the full wide half-maximum of the far field. It is also shown that by substituting the GaN contact layer by an AlxGa1-xN layer with a parabolic variation of the Al content it is possible to reduce the optical field leakage to substrate. Results indicated that properly choosing the thickness of the substrate and replacing the n-GaN contact layer by a graded-index (GRIN) AlxGa1-xN layer it is possible to improve both the confinement factor and Far field pattern in nitride lasers.


Due to the limited resources and difficulties of expanding the scope of application in the Smart Home, Cloud-based Smart Homes have recently emerged as a new paradigm. Cloud Computing technology can reduce the heavy burden of managing numerous complicated data from a local home server. However, it also brings serious security vulnerabilities, because all operations of the Smart Home are managed by a third-party service provider and the data is stored in a outdoor centralized storage facility. Specially, the security of home security systems for Cloud-based Smart Homes should be carefully reconsidered. This is because the home security system is a crucial factor towards maintaining the safety of home. In this paper, we propose a security mechanism that supports user authentication and data confidentiality for Cloud-based Smart Home Security Systems (C-SHSS). In particular, we suggest a dynamic delegation of authority for allowing temporary visitors' access to the C-SHSS. Then, we present a remote control system for Cloud-based Smart Homes by applying the proposed security mechanism and by implementing Android-based home security control app.


This paper explores the potential of gesture interaction as an alternative control concept for doors, windows and sliding systems in smart homes. In a first step, a technical prototype was built that enables to open and close door and window elements with a hand-swiping gesture. In a second step, a user study with N = 95 participants was conducted to explore the perceived usefulness of the developed solution using a questionnaire with 24 items. The results showed that 78 percent of the participants liked the concept of contactless gesture control of doors, windows and sliding systems. The reluctance of the remaining group could be traced back to a missing experience with smart control concepts (e.g., voice assistants) (t-test: Spearman's rs = .27, p = .044) and the belief that gestures are hard to remember (chi-square test: α < .01, p = .007). The study also confirmed that the implemented control concept and gestures were perceived as natural and intuitively understandable.


Objective: To explore the experiences of young women with developmental dysplasia of the hip explicating the impact of peri-acetabular osteotomy surgery and recovery in the short and longer term. Design: Postings of five, selected women on an online active message board aimed at women with developmental dysplasia of the hip were analysed. Interest lay on their postings after they had had peri-acetabular osteotomy surgery. Data analysis was performed through the approach of interpretive phenomenological analysis. Results: The time length of the postings for the cases ranged from 1 year to 6 years, and the number of postings varied substantially, from 48 to 591. Two major concepts were prominent across participants' accounts. The first concept, 'body image', centred on affects on the women's self-esteem and body image. The second, 'the long road to recovery', highlighted 'the emotional and physical battle of learning to walk' and concerns with 'saving my joints'. Conclusion: Developmental dysplasia of the hip potentially provides a critical case for exploration of the process of how a disability can affect confidence, self-esteem and body image. Recovery from this condition requires enormous effort, resilience and commitment from the women.


Stars in a normal spiral galaxy are formed in a shock front on the inner edge of a spiral arm according to nonlinear density-wave theory, then drift across the arm as they age. Over half of the 19 supernovae measured occur at the innermost edge of a spiral arm, implying a lffetime of less than five million years and mass greater than 35 solar masses. Key words: supernovae - density-waves in galaxies


Analyzing life history traits of butterfly communities and faunas frequently reveals a generalist-specialist continuum as the main gradient, where species using wide arrays of resources, with good dispersal ability and fast development are distinguished from those using specialised resources, having limited dispersal ability and developing slowly. To ascertain the validity of the generalist- specialist approach for an intermediately species-rich Central European fauna, we analyzed ten life history traits for 136 species of butterflies currently occurring in the Czech Republic, using principal correspondence analysis (PCA) and controlling for phylogeny. The main gradient extracted indeed revealed a generalist-specialist continuum, while the gradient perpendicular to the main axis distin- guished between small-bodied polyvoltine species feeding on small herbaceous plants and large-bodied monovoltine species feeding on grasses or woody plants. We coin "constrained voltinism continuum" for the second gradient and argue that it reflects the effect of anti-herbivore strategies of larval host plants on butterfly development. The position of the butterflies in the PCA ordination mirrors the C-S-R (Competitors - Stress tolerators - Ruderals) strategies of their host plants. Butterflies that feed on C- and R-selected plants tend to be generalists, but differ in voltinism, whereas specialists tend to feed on S-selected plants. Regressing measures of current conser- vation status of individual species in the Czech Republic against the two extracted life history gradients yielded a significant but weak response for the generalist-specialist continuum and no response for the constrained voltinism continuum. The weak responses were due to a wide scatter of status measures among "mid generalists". The generalist-specialist continuum is hence a rather poor predictor of species conservation status. Species of high conservation concern are found either among specialists, or among mid generalists with low to intermediate values on the constrained voltinism axis.


newcomers, is indicated in the subtitle, described in the preface, and examined throughout the text. During the decades of large-scale immigration, Chicago's Italian colony was in constant flux, with immigrants moving into and out of neighborhood tenements, shifting into other ethnic areas, and often moving into American neighborhoods. (In the years since the passage of federal legislation restricting immigration, static or solid communities of the type described by Gans have developed.) The review misinterpreted my presentation of the roles of crime and politics. The book does not' say that "crime retarded mobility or assimilation," for it concludes that crime played a significant part in encouraging both social and economic mobility. Contrary to the reviewer's assertion, the book found no evidence of "solidarity" in "Italo-American criminal organizations." In Chicago's crime (and politics), Italians cooperated with members of other ethnic groups. Some belonged to organizations headed by non-Italians, while Italian-led groups (like Capone's) contained members of all ethnic backgrounds, with many non-Italians in positions of authority. No completely Italian "syndicate" existed in the city. Far from demonstrating ethnic solidarity, Italians, like others, killed and maimed compatriots in the struggle for supremacy over Chicago's organized crime. The reviewer observed that Italians served as "a swing group between the Irish and Eastern European blocs," although the book emphasizes that politics in Chicago varied according to ward conditions and that no one role could be assigned to Italians. I contrasted the Nineteenth Ward, where Italians battled with and lost to the Irish-controlled machine, the Seventeenth Ward, where Graham Taylor successfully organized a multiethnic coalition against the machine, and the First Ward, where a succession of Republican Italian bosses delivered the vote for Democratic Irish bosses. Italians obtained their greatest political successes in this ward, where the machine retained office and its Italian-led allies got a free hand in operating and controlling gambling, prostitution, and (in the 1920s) bootlegging. The review singled out "John Lanseco" as an example of an "Italian politician." I assume the reviewer meant John Landesco, identified in the book as a member of the Illinois Crime Commission and the author of its Report. Landesco was neither an Italian nor a politician. Professor Litt is perhaps premature in dismissing the role of "white, European derived groups" as an area of study for political scientists. The successes of Blacks during the 1960s has encouraged white, European-derived ethnic elements (as well as Chicanos and Puerto Ricans) to emphasize group identity and to seek political, economic, and cultural benefits through group pressures. This resurgence of white ethnic awareness is making an impact that merits examination and analysis by scholars. HUMBERT S. NELLI University of Kentucky


Here we extend an arithmetical inequality about multiplicative functions obtained by K. Alladi, P. Erdős and J. D. Vaaler, to include also the case of submultiplicative functions. Also an alternative proof of an extension of a result used for this purpose is given. Let Uk, for integral k, denote the set {1,2,…, k}, and Vk denote the collection of all subsets of Uk. In the following, all unspecified sets like A,…, are assumed to be subsets of Uk. Let σ = {Si} and τ = {Tj} be two given collections of subsets of Uk. Set and Let ′ denote complementation in Uk (but for in the proof of (3) where it denotes complementation in C). For any collection p of subsets of Uk, let p′ denote the collection of the complements of members of p.


We use the time delay measurements between multiple images of lensed sources in 18 strongly gravitationally lensed (SGL) systems to put additional constraints on three phenomenological interaction models for dark energy (DE) and dark matter (DM). The compatibility among the fits on the three models seems to imply that the coupling between DE and DM is a small value close to zero, which is compatible with the previous results for constraining interacting DE parameters. We find that, among the three interacting DE models, the γmIDE model with the interaction term Q proportional to the energy density of DM provides relatively better fits to recent observations. However, the coincidence problem is still very severe in the framework of three interacting DE models, since the fitting results do not show any preference for a nonzero coupling between DE and DM. More importantly, we have studied the significance of the current strong lensing data in deriving the interacting information between dark sectors, which h...


Based on the analysis of his representative works in the field of language philosophy,literary criticism,culture criticism and history philosophy,this paper explores the unorthodox character of Walter Benjamin' intellectual Odyssey.It finally points out that the core of Benjamin's ideology is Negative Theology,which derives from his aspiration for ultimate truth with the theoretical assumption and also the strong belief of the realization of his messianic utopia by means of Marxism.


We identify the weak closures of the ranges of certain Calkin representations for $L^{p}$, $1<p<\infty$. As a consequence, assuming the continuum hypothesis, we show that the commutant of $B(L^{p})$, $1<p<\infty$, in its ultrapower may or may not be trivial depending on the ultrafilter. This extends a result of Farah, Phillips and Stepr\=ans.


Lithium iron phosphate, a widely used cathode material in Lithium Ion Batteries (LIBs), crystallizes typically in an olivine-type phase, alpha-LiFePO4 (aLFP). However, the new phase beta-LiFePO4 (b ...


In this project, a Flash ADC with TIQ(Threshold Inverter Quantizer) comparator and a Wallace tree encoder is described. Both DC and transient analysis report for 3 bit ADC are included. A comparison between Wallace tree and ROM encoder is included in the project illustrating how power can be reduced using Wallace tree encoder instead of ROM encoder. The design was successfully simulated for piece-wise linear and sinusoidal input. The 4 bit and 5 bit flash ADC with TIQ comparator and Wallace tree encoder is also described.


Trained dogs (Canis familiaris) are known for their use in finding and identifying individual humans and wildlife. In Scandinavia, hunters are required by law to have access to approved dogs to be able to track potentially wounded brown bears (Ursus arctos). Bear hunting is increasing with the increasing bear population in Scandinavia, and corresponds with an increase in wounded bears. The need for tracking teams that are able to correctly follow individual wounded bears is thus increasing as well. To investigate whether dogs can be used for tracking individual bears, I tested ability and accuracy of tracking teams (i.e. a dog and its handler), used by public authorities to track potentially wounded bears. The ability of a tracking team to track bears is defined as meter successful tracking until first loss (MSFL), denoting the length of a bears' trail from the first successful tracking start to first loss of trail. Tracking accuracy is measured in percent successful tracking (PST), denoting the percent of successful tracking of a bear in relation to the total track length of the bear. Two different tracking methods were used for tracking teams sent by the authorities. In addition also trials with specially trained odor detection dogs but with no prior experience with bears were carried out. The results of this study show that, when using dogs in tracking brown bears, the accuracy is relatively high, but the length of the trail the dog can follow before losing it is short. Accuracy decreased with increasing age of the dog, and the dog group retrieving dogs had higher success than the groups barking hounds and dachs, baying and tracking hounds. The start of a tracking seems to be the most challenging part when tracking bears, because in 48 % of the trials the tracking team had to start over again. Dogs easily switch to following other species while tracking bears, in as much as 81.7 % of the trials. For each time a tracking team switched to another game species and lost the track and had subsequently be brought back onto the bear track, the distance of successful bear tracking became shorter. Special trained odor detection dogs were more accurate, had longer successful tracking distances, and switched less often to other game species. In conclusion, the results from this study show the high potential of dogs as a tool for tracking bears, but presently tracking teams in Norway and Sweden lack the training and expertise that is needed for successfully tracking bears. The success of in tracking bears in tracking brown bears is more a function of training level than the level of experience that the tracking team has with bears or the influence of environmental factors. To improve the success of tracking teams relevant training programs should be developed, and potentially the use of dog breeds other than the traditional Scandinavian hunting dogs should be evaluated.


Table of Contents: Introduction, by Samuel Wells and Ludger Kuhnhardt; How Strong Are Shared Values?, by Alex Danchev; USA – Europe: Do We Still Share Similar Values?, by Andreas Andrianopoulos; Diverging Systems of Governance?, by Anna Balletbo; Diverging Systems of Governance: Not a Convincing Explanation of Recent Developments, by Geert Ahrens; US and European Relations with Developing Countries: Aid, Trade, and Investment, by Robert Wade; Prospects for Economic Cooperation: Trade and Monetary Policy, by Elke Thiel; Neo-Traditionalism: a New Choice for Russia?, by Emil Pain; The Turkish Route to Democracy: Domestic Reform via Foreign Policy, by Haldun Gulalp; Back to the Future? Remarks on the Next Generation of Transatlantic Relations, by Michael Werz; Beyond Iraq: The Transatlantic Crisis in Perspective, by Pierre Hassner; Prospects for US-European Cooperation on Terrorism and Proliferation, by Shahram Chubin.


There is an overwhelming consensus among researchers that employees have the potential to become excellent social ambassadors for their company. Readers of social media sites believe employees to be credible representatives of their organization, and therefore positive employee social media posts can create the image of a gratifying work environment and attract valuable talent to a particular organization. To capitalize on that recruitment advantage, an organization must initiate a process that enables and encourages employees to speak about the positive aspects of their work environment on social media platforms.


An efficient codebook-based beam training technique is proposed for mmWave communication systems operating under non-line-of-sight (NLoS) channel conditions. Using convex optimization theory, this technique formulates the beam training process as a combinational optimization problem. It finds the best transmit-receive beam pair that maximizes the received signal power by iterating the Nelder-Mead simplex method through a multi-stage formulation of the training process. Compared with beamforming protocols adopted by 60 GHz WLAN/PAN systems, the proposed technique is robuster in NLoS scenarios. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed technique achieves the same selection performance as the exhaustive search with a possibility of 87.6% while requiring moderate measurement steps.


Open pit mining often leaves mineral reserves in pit walls and bottom. Extraction of such reserves with conventional underground or surface mining technologies is economically ineffective. Using the available open pit mine infrastructure, it is possible to extract such reserves through combination of technologies, for example, development of small thickness or lode deposits by Highwall Miners or auger machines. A significant design defect of this equipment is the tight straight-line coupling between the cutting tool and the machine on the ground. The coupling is represented by


Background: A 42-year-old woman was referred to our hospital for MR-imaging of the thoracolumbar spine. She presented with atypical pain situated at the right thoracolumbar region. She had no specific neurological symptoms.


This article examines the problems of the transition of the Republic of Kazakhstan to the Latin script and the possibility of using information technology in its solution. After the adoption of Latin graphics, the question of how to teach it will be put in the foreground. In addition, the perception of graphics is carried out by solving problems related to spelling. At this stage, multimedia technologies, in particular, special training programs and mobile applications can become an auxiliary tool in all conditions of life. It is important to establish spelling issues. Modern Kazakh phonemes can be designated by Latin symbols and, accordingly, it is possible to solve the difficulties encountered in the study of the norms of writing, spelling principles by using special training programs, which are created during the research. We hope that the results of this research will contribute to the practice of transition of the Republic of Kazakhstan to writing based on Latin graphics.


in English). Kay DE. 1979. Crop and Product Digest No.3Food Legumes. Tropical Produce Institute, London. Kaya MD, Okcu G, Atak M, Cikili Y, Kolsarici O (2006). Seed treatments to overcome salt and drought stress during germination in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). Eur. J. Agron. 24: 291-295. Keshavarzi MHB (2012). The effects of drought stress on germination and early growth of Sesamum indicum seedling's varieties under laboratory condition. IJAMAD. 2: 271-275. Khayatnezhad M, Gholamin R, Jamaati-eSomarin S, Zabihi-e-Mahmoodabad (2010). Effects of peg stress on corn cultivars (Zea mays L.) at the germination stage. World Appl. Sci. J. 11: 504-506. Khodarahmpour Z (2011). Effect of drought stress induced by polyethylene glycol (PEG) on germination indices in corn (Zea mays L.) hybrids. Afr. J. Biotechnol. 10: 18222-18227. Kone M, Kone T, Silue N, Soumahoro AB, Kouakou TH (2015). In vitro seed germination and seedling growth of Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc. (Fabaceae)). Sci. World J. 2015: 1-


A linear amplifying circuit with high voltage, high slew rate and wide bandwidth is presented in this paper. The circuit is composed of three chips with different substrate voltage. The maximum output voltage swing can achieve almost twice the withstand voltage. The circuit is verified with a 0.25-um SOI-LDMOS technology with 200V withstand voltage. The experimental result shows that the output voltage swing is 425 Vpp with the slew rate of $1120\ \mathrm{V}/\mu\text{sec}$ and bandwidth of 2.3 MHz. The multi-chips amplifier is expected to be used for many industrial applications.


The editors report, with sadness, that this will be the last "Legal Trends in Bioethics" column written by Sigrid Fry-Revere and her colleagues. We express our deep gratitude for all of their efforts. The opinions expressed in the introductory sections are those of Sigrid Fry-Revere, and may or may not be shared by her contrib-uting authors.


This paper discusses the issues of the ecology and environment of the embankment regions of Dongting lake and make some suggestions of sustainable development, based on the investigating history of embankment agriculture and reclamation around the lake. The main issues of the ecology and environment are as follows: the frequency of flood and waterlogged disaster has increased, the area of water surface has reduced, the biodiversity and ecological function has declined, the environmental pollution has become heavy, the soil degradation and gleyization have worsen, and the schistosomiasis has recurred. According to the above issues, some countermeasures of sustainable development are suggested for the embankment regions of Dongting Lake as follows: to reduce sediment by ecological project; to adjust the agricultural structures or establish new ones to avoid disasters, to develop and to popularize substitutive agricultural patterns, to plant crops for supplying industrial raw material, and to develop the combination patterns of agro-forestry.


Delays surrounding the finalization of much publicized reforms to the current mental health legislation, make this a difficult time to produce a book on mental health law and policy. However, Glover-Thomas neatly circumvents this by producing a detailed historical consideration of modern day developments, together with an informed analysis of current debates and dilemmas. The author focuses on the tensions between the provision of a legal framework, which simultaneously offers safeguards to the individual whilst also promoting medical discretion. She acknowledges that a workable balance is difficult to achieve and is critical of the view promoted by the Government that a total reformulation of mental health law will solve the current problems that exist within the system. She argues that changes in the law are not enough and that it is the implementation of a new framework with the accompanying support services that will have the greatest impact. The stated aim of this book is to explore the legal response to psychiatric provision since the Lunacy Act 1890 and to examine the ways in which a changing social and political landscape has impacted upon policy developments. This aim is amply fulfilled and the book is commendable for its detail. Chapter one documents the period preceding the Lunacy Act 1890 up to the enactment of The Mental Health Act of 1959. Chapter two concentrates on The Mental Health Act (1983) and Chapter three appraises aspects such as guardianship, leave of absence provisions, the impact of a greater reliance on pharmacology and the successes and failures of 'after care' services. Chapter four looks at the controversial area of decision making on behalf of those considered to be mentally incapacitated and scrutinises those aspects which have been subject to recent changes and those which have been avoided. Chapter five addresses law and policy with regard to community care and Chapter six pertinently examines the ways in which community care has been regarded as 'the road to disillusionment' (p. 145). Here the author makes specific reference to issues of housing and homelessness, as well as employment and matters associated with financial security. Chapter seven concentrates on mentally disordered offenders and Chapter eight reviews possible future directions. In the concluding chapter, the author re-emphasizes the importance of examining mental health law in relation to the context in which it operates.


. While groundbreaking measurements on the properties of strongly interacting matter in p + p, p + A and A + A collisions at the LHC are being performed, it is clear that many important questions in heavy-ion physics will remain unanswered in this first phase of beam times up to 2017. The ALICE collaboration is setting up a program of detector upgrades to be installed in the LHC shutdown planned for 2017 / 18, to address the new scientific challenges. We will discuss examples of the scientific frontiers and upgrade projects under study for the ALICE experiment.


T he Lepr/Lepr mouse is an autosomal recessive model of extreme obesity that phenotypically appears very similar to the Lepr/Lepr mouse, in which the leptin protein is absent (1). However, in the Lepr/Lepr mouse, the leptin protein is structurally normal (1). Leptin is ineffectual when injected into Lepr/Lepr mice, indicating that they are resistant to the action of this hormone (1). Recently, Lee et al. (2) and Chen et al. (3) demonstrated a point mutation in the leptin receptor of the Lepr/Lepr mouse that results in abnormal splicing of leptin receptor mRNA. Furthermore, studies of the leptin receptor in the Zucker fatty rat and the Koletsky rat have found mutations in the leptin receptor that also associate with extreme obesity (4,5). Although the leptin receptor has been identified in humans, its potential role in the development of obesity is still under investigation. In Pima Indians, a marker near the leptin receptor on chromosome 1 has been linked to acute insulin release (6). Considine et al. (7) studied leptin receptor cDNA in seven lean and eight obese subjects and found an adenosine-to-guanine substitution at nucleotide 861 that predicts a nonconservative substitution of glutamine to arginine at amino acid 223 (Gln^Arg) in the extracellular domain of the receptor. This amino acid substitution is at a site near the pathogenic mutation in the leptin receptor of the Zucker fatty rat, suggesting that this substitution may be clinically relevant. However, the GlnArg substitution did not associate with the obese phenotype in this small number of subjects (7). Additionally, in exon 12, a guanine-to-cytosine substitution was found at


Generally speaking, the human biomechanical systems can be classified into two main groups: open-loop and closed-loop systems. In this investigation, the nonlinear recursive formulation is developed for the kinematic analysis of human biomechanical systems. The nonlinear generalized Newton-Euler equations are developed for flexible bodies that undergo large translational and rotational displacements. These equations are formulated in terms of a set of time invariant scalars, vectors and matrices that depend on the spatial coordinates as well as the assumed displacement fields, and these time invariant quantities represent the dynamic coupling between the rigid body motion and elastic deformation. The formulation to solve equations of motion for human biomechanical systems consisting of interconnected rigid and flexible bodies is presented in this paper.


Romucosine (1), a novel aporphinoid alkaloid possessing a N-(methoxycarbonyl) group, along with 12 known compounds including eight isoquinoline alkaloids, anonaine (2), glaucine, purpureine, liriodenine, oxoglaucine, oxopurpureine, berberine, and tetrahydroberberine, and four lignans, yangambin, magnolin, eudesmin, and membrin, have been isolated and characterized from the fresh unripe fruits of Rollinia mucosa (Annonaceae). The structure of 1 was established by chemical and spectroscopic means.


Trainee surgeons must have a good understanding of surgical anatomy. Especially in the hepatobiliary‐pancreatic field, beginning surgeons often find it difficult to recognize the three‐dimensional structure of the target organ and its complex anatomical correlation with surrounding organs. Conventional anatomy textbooks are not written with the aim of teaching these three‐dimensional structures and complex correlations. We developed a novel teaching atlas of surgical anatomy using a multi‐viewpoint and multi‐layer three‐dimensional camera system.


With the high demand of power supply security, the accuracy and timeliness of demand reporting of electric power emergency materials are getting higher and higher. If the intelligent image recognition technology can be used to identify the images uploaded from the accident scene, the problem of accurate demand reporting can be solved from the source, and the material supply can be guaranteed in time, which is of positive and important significance to improve the reliability of power supply. In this paper, the algorithm of visual recognition and image enhancement of power materials samples based on Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) is proposed, and then the construction of sampling system of power materials samples is realized. The results show that the CNN-based visual recognition model of power material sample image proposed in this paper can effectively solve the problem of unclear and not stereo images, while maintaining the clarity of power material sample images. With the help of this metal, a complete panoramic control system of electronic material intelligent detection can be established, which can prevent and control material risks and improve the efficiency and benefit of power grid material sampling quality detection.


Organic semiconductors, specifically polycyclic aromatic chromophores like pentacene, coronene, and nanographenes (hexa‐peri‐hexabenzocoronene, HBC), are often utilized in optoelectronic applications due to their intriguing single‐molecule properties. However, the integration of these aromatic compounds into optoelectronic devices frequently encounters significant obstacles, primarily due to the unpredictable and challenging control over the structure and morphology of their condensed phase. Rather than resorting to chemical modifications or advanced thin‐film manufacturing methods such as chemical vapor deposition, the so‐called metal‐organic framework (MOF) approach is employed to create a highly photoresponsive, nanographene‐based thin film employing a layer‐by‐layer, liquid‐phase epitaxy method. It is demonstrated that the novel Cu‐HBC MOF thin film exhibits excellent photoresponsive behavior under ultraviolet illumination, including a fast response time (˂ 0.02 s) and high current switching ratio (≈104), which significantly outperforms an isostructural MOF Zn‐HBC. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that the metal nodes inside the MOF can be used to enhance the photoresponse by efficient exciton splitting.


We consider biased ensembles of trajectories associated with large deviations of currents in equilibrium systems. The biased ensembles are characterised by non-zero currents and lack the time-reversal symmetry of the equilibrium state. In cases where the equilibrium system has an inversion symmetry which is broken by the bias, we show that the biased ensembles retain a generalised time-reversal symmetry, involving a spatial transformation that inverts the current. This means that these ensembles lack dissipation. Hence, they differ significantly from non-equilibrium steady states where currents are induced by external forces. One consequence of this result is that maximum entropy assumptions (MaxEnt/MaxCal), widely used for modelling thermal systems away from equilibrium, have quite unexpected implications, including apparent superfluid behaviour in a classical model of shear flow.


In this paper, moire interferometry and finite element analysis (FEA) have been applied to study interface fracture behaviors of Porcelain-fused-to-metal (PFM) restoration. The fracture criterion of an interface crack between the porcelain and metal is based on the maximum stress. The influence of the thickness ratio, load value and load form on the predicted kinking angles has been proposed and discussed. It is shown that the predicted kinking angle does not varied with load value. The magnitude of crack-kinking angle is more sensitive to load from than to thickness ratio. Measured data accord well with numerical value. These results provide data for the optimized design of clinical PFM restoration and for understanding fracture mechanism of the restoration.


Lost time. Lost resources. Lost opportunity. These three themes characterize the major sources of waste in any manufacturing site that does not use smart asset management tracking.


Chemical cues released from injured prey are thought to indicate the proximity of a predator or predation event, and therefore, an area of elevated predation risk. Prey often avoid chemical cues released from injured heterospecifics, but there is little evidence to determine whether this is due to homologous cues among phylogenetically related species, or avoidance of injured syntopic species that experience predation from the same predators. The purpose of this study was to examine the response of terrestrial red-backed salamanders ( Plethodon cinereus ) to chemical cues from non-injured and injured members of their prey guild that vary in their relatedness to P.cinereus . In the laboratory, P.cinereus avoided chemical cues from injured conspecifics, injured and non-injured slimy salamanders ( P.glutinosus ), and injured confamilial dusky salamanders ( Desmognathus ochrophaeus ). Red-backed salamanders did not avoid rinses from non-injured conspecifics and dusky salamanders, or cues from injured and non-injured earthworms ( Lumbricus sp .), a more distantly related prey guild member. These results cannot be fully explained by either phylogenetic relatedness (among plethodontid salamanders) or prey guild membership alone. We suggest that a combination of these factors, and perhaps others, likely influenced the evolution of heterospecific alarm cue avoidance in the red-backed salamander.


Regular exercise lowers blood pressure, but this benefit has been demonstrated primarily in younger people. In a 6-month randomized trial called the Senior Hypertension and Physical Exercise (SHAPE) study, researchers compared the BP effects of a structured exercise program with those of usual exercise/dietary recommendations in 104 elders (age range, …


We construct a nonlinear integrable coupling of discrete soliton hierarchy,and establish the infinite conservation laws(CLs) for the nonlinear integrable coupling of the lattice hierarchy.As an explicit application of the method proposed in the paper,the infinite conservation laws of the nonlinear integrable coupling of the Volterra lattice hierarchy are presented.


This paper is a contribution to solving the problem of whether reciprocal altruism can emerge and maintain itself in a population of selfish individuals. We use an evolutionary game theoretic simulation model (the Social Evolution Model) to investigate the relative fitness of two versions of a reciprocal altruistic trait competing with a defecting trait. One main difference between the Social Evolution Model and most of the models that are known in this field is that partner selection is straightforwardly built into the strategies of the players. In most of the models in the literature, partner selection is not an option in the game. Because of this element of forced play, much attention is given to the ability of strategies to detect cheaters and to retaliate. We show that modeling partner selection points to disadvantages of a preoccupation with cheater-detection and to the importance of committing oneself to a partner.


The performance of vertical triple plates as a new countermeasure in control of local scour around a cylindrical model pier is studied. Two ones of the plates are attached to the side wall one of the pier at one pier diameter distance, extending toward upstream distance and the third one is located in the middle, attached to the pier nose. All the three plates are parallel to flow direction. Experiments are conducted for five different depths of flow and two different lengths of the lateral plates, namely 8 and 14 cm. all the runs are performed under the clear water flow over uniform sediment. The results showed a maximum efficiency of 76% in scour reduction for 8 cm long side plates and 85% for 14 cm long ones.it is also found that the proposed setup act simultaneously as both the bed armoring and flow altering countermeasure.


We study the possibility of GOST block cipher modification in such way, that it would resist Isobe and Dinur-Dunkelman-Shamir attacks, and, at the same time, would be still lightweight-friendly.


The presence of system strong constraints and large uncertainties in reentry hypersonic vehicles deteriorate the system performance. This paper considers disturbance observer-based sliding manifold predictive control design for a reentry hypersonic vehicle. In the outer loop, a new sliding manifold-based predictive control is proposed to realize reference command tracking. In the inner loop, a nonlinear disturbance observer is adopted to estimate lumped disturbances and a sliding manifold-based predictive control is designed to track the expected signal obtained from the outer loop. The use of sliding manifolds and disturbance observer enhance the control system's robustness to uncertainties. The mode predictive control approach guarantees the satisfaction of the system constraints. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is verified by theoretical analysis and simulations.


Today shopping markets pay attention towards customer needs and services. Unfortunately the blind and vision impaired person are still incapable to access these environments without reliance. Assistive technology is trying to sway the living style of the blind by introducing support systems for routinely actions like reading, writing, walking, Web surfing, and shopping. However, still the blind have to count on others for personal accessories shopping. To overcome this problem, we designed and developed a feed forward talking accessories selector. Our system is trained using feed forward techniques with a feature level block-based multi-focus image fusion method to provide suggestions regarding product selection, fitness, and color combination, for instance in dress and jewelry. The evaluation of our system takes into account specialists opinions, such that statistical analysis shows similarity between both.


Findings of a study that identified the kinds of problems faced by new principals who had participated in innovative principal-preparation programs are presented in this paper. Data were collected through a series of interviews conducted with eight individuals who had assumed their first principalships during the 1991-92 school year. All had recently completed administrator-preparaticn programs in universities that had received curricular development support from the Danforth Foundation between 1987 and 1991. Principals reported that they encountered a similar problem during their first year--that of teachers' reactions to new leadership. The study uses Elizabeth Kubler-Ross's classic description of the stages of grief as a framework to describe such reactions. Examples of these stages--denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance--are described. Conclusions are: (1) that staff reactions are not directed personally toward the new principals; (2) that new principals should learn about their predecessors' leadership styles; and (3) that teachers often rely on their principals' subtle signals to guide their personal behaviors. (Contains 6 references.) (LMI) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. *********************************************************************** U.& O(PMTMENT OF EDUCATION Ottorat of Educational Reesercn and Iinormstmnt EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) alros document has been reproduced as received from the person or organization woniamga O Minor changes have been made to improve te9rOduction quality Points of view or °gluons stated in this dccumerit do not necessarily represent official OERi position or pokey THE ARRIVAL OF THE NEM PRINCIPAL: REACTIONS OF STAFF by "PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC)." John C. D'iresh Professor and Director Division of Educational Leadership and Policy Studies University of Northern Colorado Greeley, Colorado 80639 (303) 351-1645 Paper presented at the Annual Conference of the American Educational Research Association Atlanta, Georgia April, 1993


This paper introduces a new type of parallel computer based on N+1 programs (hereinafter, N+1 computer), as well as its features. A new concept of parallel computing architecture based on N+1 programs is also presented at same time. We studied the essential problems and inherent laws on parallel systems, and analyzed the operate ability, the computability, and the compilability of the system, as well as its generality of this new parallel computing architecture. Finally, an N+1 computer prototype machine was trialed which could be considered to be a new general type of platform on parallel processing studies.


The tendency of the business community now wants maximum profit by justifying any means without considering transcendental moral values. This kind of competitive ethics will result in unfair, professional and sporty competition, harming customers and the worst impact will be that the company will lose customers. Eronically there has been a paradigm shift that today's society considers business behavior using Islamic ethics will hamper the process of achieving maximum profit as a principle of doing business. This phenomenon has invited serious attention for academics and marketing practitioners. This study aims to analyze the concept of marketing mix in an Islamic perspective including products, prices, promotions, distribution, and people, as an alternative concept of strategy in maintaining competition. This type of study is library research. Data collection was carried out using literature related to the research topic. The results of this study conclude that a sharia marketer in serving customers bases the principles of marketing mix in an Islamic perspective sourced from the Koran and as-Sunnah, will be able to provide maṣlaḥah (welfare) to customers, so as to create a good relationship between customers and workers sales and with the company in the long run, can ultimately deliver the company more established and sustainable


Cold insulation of pipeline for cold air distribution system has extreme significance to air-conditioning system energy conservating operation.The article makes economy optimizing analysis in terms of the proper insulating layer thickness for cold air distribution pipeline,and then programs a software to calculate the economic insulating thickness,offering a convenient calculating tool for the cold air distribution air-conditioning system design.


Requires, under the Fair Packaging and Labeling Act, that all persons engaged in business as retail distributors of packaged consumer goods mark the selling price plainly on the principal display panel of the package label.


Recent technological advances in digitization and online communications have enabled unauthorized reproduction and illegal file-sharing. However, controversies still exist over the impacts of digital content piracy and copyright protection policies. Using a game-theoretic framework, we examine the impacts of digital content piracy and copyright protection policies on product quality, firm profitability, consumer surplus, and social welfare when consumers exhibit loss aversion in the quality dimension. Specifically, consumers are initially uncertain about the product quality and will form an expectation, but once they buy the licensed product or use piracy, they know the actual product quality and compare it with their expectation. When consumers are loss averse, consumer propensity to an option is more negatively affected by product quality above the expectation than positively affected by product quality below the expectation. Our analysis shows that although piracy exerts a negative cannibalization effect in the absence of loss aversion, it can exert an additional positive information effect when the degree of loss aversion on the licensed product is higher than the degree of loss aversion on piracy. We find that when the information effect dominates the cannibalization effect, piracy can lead to a win-win situation for firm profitability and consumer surplus. Moreover, under certain circumstances, anti-protection policies can simultaneously raise product quality, firm profitability and consumer surplus. The rationale behind the positive impacts of piracy and anti-protection policies is rooted in the influences of loss aversion behavior on consumer purchase decisions. The results show that it is essential to quantify the degree of consumer loss aversion for firms in formulating pricing and quality strategies and for policymakers to develop copyright protection policies.


During Eocene period,rapid subsidence occurred in the Yinggehai basin where more than 17km of sedimentary cover has been accumulated.According to the analogue modeling experiments,the rigid massif on the Indochina block could be one of the most important factors contributing to the strong subsidence and high sedimentation rate of the basin.Combined the geological analysis with analogue modeling experiments,the evolution of the Yinggehai basin could be divided into four main stages:(1) Before 42Ma,controlled by the southeastward extension of the Beibu Gulf basin on the northern continental margin,the Yinggehai basin experienced dextral pull-apart.Bounded by NS-trending Yingxi fault,the transtensional areas mainly are the northwest part and along the eastern boundary of the basin.(2) From 42 to 21Ma,the development of the main rift body in Yinggehai basin was mainly controlled by the southward slip and clockwise rotation of the Indochina block along the Red River fault zone,and the sedimentation was strengthened due to the sinistral transtension.In the east,the subsidence is deepened due to the dextral transtension.(3) From 21 to 10.4Ma,the sinistral movement of the Indochina block slowed down to still.From 21 to 15.5Ma,the northwest part of the basin began to inverse locally because of post-rift thermal subsidence of the whole basin.(4) From 10.4Ma to present,the basin was affected by the dextral movement of the South China block along the Red River fault zone and thermal accident in a new phase at 5Ma.


The process of differentiating KM both as a business practice and a discipline is in a reflexive situation: it is happening amidst a major transformation of established criteria for the social recognition of a knowledge field. Awareness of this fact by stakeholders in the systematic and sustainable evolution of KM may lead to a conscious management of its current and future identity. An attempt to develop a systemic perspective of the field of Knowledge‐based Value Systems at the Center for Knowledge Systems (CKS), an R&D unit at Instituto Tecnologico de Monterrey, Mexico, is introduced.


Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of treatment for beaded vaginitis between itraconazole and fluconazole. Methods: The single-blind way with randomized groups was taken. 129 patients were divided into two groups: the itracona-zole group, 65 cases, with 200 mg oral for 3 days. the fluconazole group, 64 cases, with 150 mg oral for 3 days. Results: there was no statistically significant difference between the indicators of two groups. The data was comp arable. The effective rates in itraconazole group and fluconazole group were respectively 95 percent (62/65) and 94 percent (60/64) (P0.05). The incident rate of adverse reactions in itraconazole group was 5 percent (3 cases) and in fluconazole group was 3 percent (2 cases), mainly gastrointestinal reactions. Conclusion: There is no significant difference (P0.05) in effectiveness and bad reactions in the treatments for beaded vaginitis bewteen itraconazole and fluconazole. The clinical effectiveness is definite, saft and convenient.


The physiological characters on anti-senility of six different cassava varieties Xinxuan 056,SC 201,GR 891,Fuxuan 01,SC 124,and Xinxuan 048 were studied during the late growing period in this experiment. The result showed that the difference of physiological characters and the ability of anti-senility of different cassava varieties was obvious.The ability of anti-senility of SC 124 was the highest and that of Fuxuan 01 and Xinxuan 048 followed it , while that of SC 201 was the lowest.


Feedback is an important concept and method in automation. In classical control theory and modern control theory, feedback is used to produce errors which is the input of a controller. In intelligent control system, complex controlled system and task specifications make the automation to be achieved by several control strategies. The decision on using what control strategy under what system condition depends on the state feedback of the system. State feedback of intelligent control system is a more clever realizing form of feedback and it is also an important intelligent characteristic for intelligent control system. A structure of intelligent control system based on feedback is proposed. An application case is given to explain the structure.


We present measurements of the relaxation of frustrated charge configurations via tunneling in a double quantum dot in the quantum Hall regime. We studied transport through two quantum dots in series at each of three Landau level filling factors: ν=2, 3, and 4. The double dot conductance was measured as a function of the induced charge on each dot and of the interdot tunnel conductance to demonstrate the evolution of the charging diagram with increasing interdot electron tunneling. At all three filling factors, we find that the evolution from well separated to joined dots is complete at an interdot tunnel conductance Gint≅e2/h, in contrast with the zero magnetic field case. We also observe that the residual interaction energy relative to the charging energy increases above the zero field value.


Multiple ground targets tracking with a GMTI (ground moving target indicator) sensor is considered a challenging problem in order to establish battlefield assessment. An IMM algorithm with a variable structure is adapted to the road network and used to track multiple manoeuvring ground targets. However, the case of undetected targets due to terrain elevation or Doppler obscuration was not taken into account in our tracking process. In this paper, we present our approach to track ground targets with the possibility for the target to be undetected. The perceivability probability is computed to update the estimated state and a "sentinel" concept is used to palliate the association ambiguities when several targets enter and exit the same terrain mask.


Mixed cultivation of interacting trees and herbaceous crops are characteristic of agroforestry schemes. Such practices prevailed on arable lands in Mediterranean areas until the late 19th century, but have been progressively replaced by monocrops. Agroforestry plantations are an alternative proposal to farm forestry plantations. They may have economic and environmental advantages, and the tree/crop association may be very effective if properly designed. In a two-layer ecosystem (trees and undercrops), interactions between trees and undercrops include competition and facilitation. The following aspects are discussed: impact on the soil's physical properties, water budget at the plot level, and recycling of nutrients. The increase in soil water resources under an agroforestry stand, which is essential in a Mediterranean environment, may result from improved water infiltration during heavy rain. Micrometeorological, hydrological and agronomical aspects of tree/crop interactions are discussed with a view to assessing their profitability in a Mediterranean climate with severe droughts in the summer, while the impact of a network of agroforestry plots on local climates is analysed. Agroforestry practices comply with the present requirements for extensified, sustainable and environmentally-friendly agriculture in the European Mediterranean area. Therefore, new agroforestry schemes are proposed. They include grass cultivation in vineyards and orchards, together with new ideas for associations of trees and herbaceous crops. The herbaceous crops may be cover or harvested crops. New schemes are being designed with trees that produce high quality timber, fruit with a high feed value for ruminants, and flowers for bee-keeping. The trees involved, deciduous hardwoods, are more compatible with intercrops than resinous species are. Criteria for matching tree species to herbaceous species in order to achieve effective tree/crop associations are discussed. The economical aspects of these new agroforestry schemes will be studied thoroughly in a second part to be published soon.


Using the tender leaves of 8 jujube trees as the experimental material,compared with the different methods of genomic DNA extraction,authors studies the method to the genomic DNA extraction and build RAPD system.The results obtained from this research indicate that the purity and productivity of DNA through the modified CTAB is suitable to the RAPD analysis although it is lower than the modified SDS's.The optimal RAPD analysis was as follows:0.2 pmol·L-1 random primer,2.0 mmol·L-1 Mg2+,200 μmol·L-1 dNTP,and 1.2 U Taq polymerase in 20 μL reaction solution.The modified CTAB is the best method of genomic DNA extraction when RAPD is used to analyze the genome of jujube.


Recently, Johansson and Ochirov conjectured the form of a new colour decomposition for QCD tree-level amplitudes. This note provides a proof of that conjecture. The proof is based on 'Mario World' Feynman diagrams, which exhibit the hierarchical Dyck structure previously found to be very useful when dealing with multi-quark amplitudes.


ABSTRACT COACHES HAVE ALWAYS BEEN INTERESTED IN THE PHYSICAL DEMANDS THAT RELATE TO THE CONDITIONING OF ATHLETES TO PLAY SPORTS. DURING THE PAST DECADE, RESEARCHERS HAVE FOCUSED ON THE ANALYSIS OF ACTUAL GAME DEMANDS BY MEANS OF TIME-MOTION ANALYSIS. THE GOAL OF THIS ARTICLE IS TO PRESENT A PROCEDURE TO OBTAIN TIME-MOTION DATA IN TEAM SPORTS.


The wounded side of Jesus Christ played an important role in the theology and devotional life of the eighteenth-century Moravian community. The adoration of the side wound manifested itself in various ways, ranging from hymnody and preaching to graphic art and ceremonial installations. In the context of a theology of the atonement, the wounded side of Christ signified a place of refuge, an opening out of which the church was "born," and an eschatological token by which Christ will be recognized at the time of his second coming. The Moravians expressed these ideas in a peculiar language that contemporaries often found shocking and that continues to be a puzzling phenomenon for modern scholarship. Especially the description of the side wound as a place of giving birth has given rise to controversial theories about abnormal sexual practices and concepts of gender. At the same time it has become increasingly clear that the Moravian devotion to the side wound must be considered in the context of a larger tradition of side wound piety, going back to early and medieval Christianity and also present in Renaissance art and Lutheran hymnody.