OBJECTIVE
To study value of velocity vector imaging (VVI) in assessment of normal left ventricular diastolic function and the corresponding reference values.

METHODS
Ninety-seven healthy subjects were selected by combined clinical, ultrasound, and NT-proBNP examinations. Using a Siemens Acuson Sequoia C512 echocardiograph, VVI was adopted to examine the myocardial early diastolic velocity (E) of the septal, lateral, anterior, inferior, anterior septum, and posterior wall of the left ventricle at the level of mitral annulus. The images were analyzed for VVI and the mean diastolic velocity (E(m)) and hence the E/E(m) ratio was calculated based on the offline workstation interface.

RESULTS
The reference range of E/E(m) ratio derived from the data of the 97 healthy subjects was (unilateral boundaries with 95% limit) and (1, 22.935), was (1, 22.300) in male subjects and (1, 24.766) in female subjects. The reference E/E(m) range was (0, 22.413) in male subjects under 50 years of age, (1, 24.766) in female subjects under 50 years, (1, 22.300) in male subjects over 50 years, and (1, 24.766) in female subjects over 50 years.

CONCLUSION
VVI is a good method for non-invasive evaluation of the left ventricular diastolic function and provides an accurate and reliable means for clinical assessment of the left ventricular diastolic function.


To study the lipolytic mechanism of EGCG,effects of EGCG(epigallocatechin-3-gallate)on lipolysis in rat primary adipocytes and mRNA expression of hormone-sensitive lipase(HSL),triacylglycerol hydrolase(TGH)were investigated through determination of glycerol release,triglyceride(TG)content and RT-PCR.The results showed that,EGCG of lower concentration(5 μmol/L)had no effects on glycerol release of mature adipocytes,while higher concentration could remarkable stimulate glycerol release compared with control group.Meanwhile,TG content in adipocytes of treated groups decreased in dose-dependent manners,proving that EGCG is an effective accelerant to lipolysis.Additionally,EGCG significantly down-regulated TGH and HSL mRNA expression,and the expression of TGH and HSL mRNA were very low when treated with 200 μmol/L EGCG.


James McCosh (1811-1894) was the last major representative of the Scottish "Common Sense" school of philosophy. His autobiography gives an account of his life and intellectual development at Glasgow and Aberdeen universities, before becoming Professor at Queen's College, Belfast. His account of his Princeton years (he became President of the College of New Jersey in 1868) gives many valuable insights into the early years of that institution. Also included is an extensive bibliography by Joseph H. Dulles.


The paper presented in this chapter reports on the findings of in-depth case interviews conducted in 2005 and 2006 with individuals from 40 families. It analyzes their acts and thoughts from a theoretical vantage point that stresses the 'contingent' and 'achieved' nature of family lives. Different ways of 'doing families' in Hong Kong are discussed here. The paper studies the processes, reasoning and outcomes of uncoupling in familial practices in Hong Kong today. The notion of uncoupling highlights the fact that conventional notions of marriage and family are currently being re-examined by ordinary people. Uncoupling is sometimes brought about by the fact that the prevalent family script is not of one piece. It is a mix of contradictory elements demanding users to make adjustments of their own. Uncoupling is also encouraged by strategic reactions to tangible pressures brought by social and economic restructuring. Keywords: doing families; economic restructuring; family uncoupling; Hong Kong; marriage


We propose an analytical model for the perturbation of eigenvalues when an N-soliton is transmitted across a lossy and noisy fibre. Our analytical model agrees with simulation results when noise and loss are moderate.


Response surface methodology(RSM) was used to explore medium composition and solid-state fermentation conditions for Clostridium butyricum.The amount of viable cells was used as the evaluation index.Four factors including(NH4)2SO4,MgSO4,maltose and water content as the major affecting factors of medium composition were screened from 10 factors by Plackett-Burman design.The results showed that the maximum number of viable cells of Clostridium butyricum could reach up to 76×106 CFU/g when the medium was composed of 1.5%(NH4)2SO4,0.02% MgSO4,0.8% maltose and 55% water content.Similarly,the fermentation conditions of Clostridium butyricum were optimized by Box-Behnken design combined with RSM.Fermentation time of 24 h,fermentation temperature of 30 ℃ and inoculation amount of 14 mL/100 g were optimum.Under these conditions,the maximum number of viable cells could reach up to 11×107 CFU/g.


ABSTRACT. The hypothetical ground plan of the lepidopterous family Zygaenidae is reconstructed based on a review of the apomorphic characters of the Zygaenoidea. Five subfamilies are recognised and their characters discussed in detail: Inouelinae new subfamily, Procridinae, Chalcosiinae, Callizygaeninae and Zygaeninae. A review of the possible autapomorphies of Procridinae is provided. The autapomorphic structure in the receptaculum seminis in the spermatheca of the Procridinae females is newly described as bursa utricularis.


Slaughterhouse workers are more susceptible to zoonotic disease infections from
cuts and bloodletting, spreading blood-borne pathogens to societies. Adopting biosecurity
measures by slaughterhouse workers in their daily tasks can lower the risk of spreading
zoonotic diseases while improving food safety. This study aims to examine slaughterhouse
workers' awareness of biosecurity, their perception of the efficiency of biosecurity measures
in reducing zoonotic infections, and, most crucially, their adoption of such measures. The
research was carried out in Sierra Leone's Northern Province's Koinadugu district. A total
of 18 slaughterhouses were randomly selected in six chiefdoms of the Koinadugu district.
A semi-structured questionnaire was used to survey 87 slaughterhouse workers in the 18
slaughterhouses selected in the six chiefdoms. The data were analyzed using Microsoft Excel
version 2016 software. Results show that most slaughterhouse workers (87.4%) are well
aware of biosecurity measures. They perceived cleaning and disinfecting the materials and
equipment used in the slaughterhouse (x̄ = 4.43), as well as the workplace itself (x̄ = 4.33),
and receiving proper training (x̄ = 4.33) as crucial biosecurity measures. The results also
reveal little use of personal protective equipment by slaughterhouse workers (27%). There is
low adoption of biosecurity measures by slaughterhouse workers in the district. Corruption
and inadequate funding of relevant institutions affect the enforcement of biosecurity
legislation in the district. Therefore, education and training programs can improve
slaughterhouse workers' knowledge and understanding of biosecurity measures. Also, good
governance should be fostered at all institutional levels to increase the effectiveness and
efficiency of public sector service delivery


The catalytic properties of four large-pore (H–Y, H-beta, H-mordenite, and H-UZM-35) and three medium-pore (H-NU-87, H-TNU-9, and H-ZSM-5) zeolites for the transalkylation of iso-propylbenzene (iPB) with toluene are investigated. Among the zeolite catalysts employed here, H-UZM-35 with a 12 × 10 × 10-ring channel system was found to exhibit a comparable cymenes yield to that of H-beta with a 12 × 12 × 12-ring channel system, the most widely studied catalyst for this reaction. GC-MS analysis reveals that monomethylated 2,2,-diphenylpropane species, whose existence has not been experimentally verified yet, are serving as the main reaction intermediates of the bimolecular iPB-toluene transalkylation. Also, the intrazeolitic buildup of dimethylated 2,2-diphenylpropane and 2-methylphenyl-2-iso-propylphenylpropane species, which must be involved in the formation of 2-tolylpropanylium cations and thus in the simultaneous consumption and production of the reactant molecules (i.e., toluene and iPB), was observed. ...


As knowledge of the early events in infection with enteroviruses is limited, this chapter focuses on studies with poliovirus but examines the emerging data on several other enteroviruses. The early events in virus infection, from virus binding to uncoating of the viral genome, are well characterized for a number of enveloped viruses. The poliovirus-receptor interaction is a particularly good model for studying virus entry because of the experimental manipulations that are possible given the known structure of the virus and our ability to mutagenize both the virus and its cellular receptor. Despite our increasing genetic and structural understanding of early events in poliovirus infection, many problems, such as the location of the uncoating event, remain unsolved. Perhaps imminent studies on the entry of echoviruses (ECVs) and coxsackieviruses, stimulated by the identification of their receptors, will provide clues. The roles of receptors in host range and pathogenesis have been extensively studied for poliovirus, but many questions, such as the basis of tissue tropism, remain. A study of the cell functions of virus receptors may provide information on their role in virus replication. It has been suggested that virus binding to cell receptors may lead to activation of cell events that lead to disease, and there is evidence that receptors may regulate virus-induced cytopathic effects. Studies of the interactions of cell receptors with their natural cell ligands may therefore provide clues about cell processes that are activated upon virus binding and govern the outcome of virus infections.


As in all collaborative work, trust is a vital ingredient of successful computer supported cooperative work, yet there is little in the way of design principles to help practitioners develop systems that foster trust. To address this gap, we present a set of design patterns, based on our experience designing systems with the explicit intention of increasing trust between stakeholders. We contextualize these patterns by describing our own learning process, from the development, testing and refinement of a trust model, to our realization that the insights we gained along the way were most usefully expressed through design patterns. In addition to a set of patterns for trust, this paper seeks to demonstrate of the value of patterns as a means of communicating the nuances revealed through ethnographic investigation.


As with all surgical procedures, implantation comes with the added risk of infection. The inability of antibacterial therapy to treat persistent infection demonstrates the need for a more advanced therapeutic approach. The goal of this proposal is, for the first time, to use superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION) to treat infection on biomedical devices. The hypothesis of this study is that SPION could be used as a modular tool for comprehensive infection treatment including disease targeting, infection control, and therapy feedback.


To identify the rub and impact fault of rotating machinery,a new identification method based on wavelet packet transformation and support vector machine(SVM) is proposed.The maximal singular values of wavelet packet decomposition coefficients are extracted as robust feature vectors.A new multi-class SVM classifier is designed in improved algorithm,which can recognize several patterns of faults after being trained.Meanwhile the method is used on the rub and impact fault identification of dual-disk over-hung rotor-bearing system.Experimental results show that the fault patterns can be well identified after training by SVM based on RBF kernel and its average identification rate has reached 97.25%,more effectively and accurately than conventional BP,and RBF neural networks,and has high robustness,good generalization ability as well.


SUMMARY An indirect immunofluorescence antibody technique was used to test 914 egg yolk extracts from 92 chicken flocks in 12 states against 11 microbial antigens. The almost universal reactivity of the egg yolk extracts with the more complex microbial antigens seems to preclude a practical application of this reaction for the detection of other than viral antibody in avian flocks.


...............................................................................................ii-iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS..................................................................................iv TABLE OF CONTENTS..................................................................................v-vii LIST OF TABLES...........................................................................................viii LIST OF FIGURES...........................................................................................ix CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................1-9 BACKGROUND...............................................................................................1-3 STATEMENT OF PROBLEM............................................................................3-4 PURPOSE OF RESEARCH.................................................................................4 SIGNIFICANCE OF RESEARCH...........................................................................4 QUESTIONS ...................................................................................................5 DELIMITATIONS..........................................................................................5-6 LIMITATIONS................................................................................................6 DEFINITION OF TERMS...................................................................................7-9 CHAPTER 2: REVIEW OF LITERATURE......................................................10-38 TRAUMA EXPOSURE.................................................................................10-11 Prevalence and Risk Factors of Sexual Trauma Exposure ...........................10-11 SOCIAL DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH..........................................................11-12 POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER (PTSD)................................................12-14 Symptoms of PTSD ............................................................................13-14 TRAUMA THEORY.....................................................................................15-16 IMPACT OF TRAUMA AND PTSD.................................................................16-25 Biological Impact..............................................................................16-20 Physiology..............................................................................16-17 Neurobiology ..........................................................................18-19 Physical Health Consequences............................................................19 Psychological Impact..........................................................................19-22 Psychosomatic Consequences........................................................19-20 Cognition & Emotion..................................................................20-22 Social Impact....................................................................................22-25


A 68 year old woman presented with new onset of dyspnoea and fatigue. Thirty years previously she was diagnosed as having a patent ductus arteriosus. At that time the left-to-right shunt across the patent ductus was found to be 33%, and no evidence of pulmonary vascular disease was present. A transcatheter closure of the …


SUMMARY.

1
The surface micro layers of two small ponds in Wisconsin were sampled over several years using screen and plate samplers. These devices performed identically for dissolved substances but for particulate material the glass plate sampler produced values 4 times those obtained with the screen.

2
These differences in sampling efficiency are probably the result of the failure of the screen sampler to release all of the particulate material it has collected and also to differences in the partitioning of dissolved and particulate material within the micro layer.

3
Results suggest that particulates are concentrated at the air-water interface and that there is a four-fold dilution with subsurface water in the screen samples when compared to the plate samples. Dissolved material, in contrast, is concentrated in a thicker layer below the surface mono layer, resulting in equal sampling efficiency with the plate and screen samplers.


Voluntary surface electromyography (sEMG) amplitude is known to be influenced by both electrode position and subcutaneous adipose tissue thickness, and these factors likely compromise both between‐ and within‐individual comparisons. Normalization of voluntary sEMG amplitude to evoked maximum M‐wave parameters (MMAX peak‐to‐peak [P‐P] and Area) may remove the influence of electrode position and subcutaneous tissue thickness. The purpose of this study was to: (a) assess the influence of electrode position on voluntary, evoked (MMAX P‐P and Area), and normalized sEMG measurements across the surface of the vastus lateralis (VL; experiment 1: n = 10); and (b) investigate if MMAX normalization removes the confounding influence of subcutaneous tissue thickness [muscle‐electrode distance (MED) from ultrasound imaging] on sEMG amplitude (experiment 2; n = 41). Healthy young men performed maximum voluntary contractions (MVCs) and evoked twitch contractions during both experiments. Experiment 1: voluntary sEMG during MVCs was influenced by electrode location (P ≤ 0.046, ES≥1.49 "large"), but when normalized to MMAX P‐P showed no differences between VL sites (P = 0.929) which was not the case when normalized to MMAX Area (P < 0.004). Experiment 2: voluntary sEMG amplitude was related to MED, which explained 31%‐38% of the variance. Normalization of voluntary sEMG amplitude to MMAX P‐P or MMAX Area reduced but did not consistently remove the influence of MED which still explained up to 16% (MMAX P‐P) and 23% (MMAX Area) of the variance. In conclusion, MMAX P‐P was the better normalization parameter for removing the influence of electrode location and substantially reduced but did not consistently remove the influence of subcutaneous adiposity.


Objective To observe the effects of doxycycline and lipiodol on the growth,metastasis of VX2 hepatic xenografts,matrix metalloproteinases-2(MMP-2) and MMP-9 expression in VX2-transplanted liver tumor in rabbits.Methods A total of 32 healthy Japanese white rabbits were randomly divided into four groups and then VX2 carcinoma was implanted into the liver.Two weeks later,a catheter was inserted into the hepatic artery of rabbit and infusion was performed via the hepatic artery using normal saline(group A),lipiodol(group B),adriamycin plus lipiodol(group C),and doxycycine plus lipiodol(group D).Five weeks after tumor inoculation,all ribbits were sacrificed and the xenografts and lungs were taken out for measuring the volume and necrotic area of the implanted tumor,observing pulmonary metastases and detecting the expressions of MMP-2 and MMP-9 by immunohistochemistry.Results Compared to groups of A,B and C,the volume of xenografts was smaller,the number of metastatic tumor in the lungs was less,and the expressions of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in the residual tumors were lower in group D(P0.05).The expressions of MMP-2 and MMP-9 were positively correlated with the numbers of pulmonary metastasis.ConclusionDoxycycline and lipiodol can decrease the expressions of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in the residual tumors after embolization,and inhibit in some degree the growth and metastasis of VX2-transplanted liver tumor in rabbits.


Objective: To compare a 2‐layer closure with suture line reversal for a pelvic flexure enterotomy to 1‐layer and traditional 2‐layer hand sewn closures. Study design: Ex vivo, simple randomized study. Sample population: Large colon segments from adult horses (n = 18). Methods: Pelvic flexures were harvested from 18 horses and randomly assigned to 1 of 3 closure techniques (n = 6 per technique). A 10‐cm enterotomy was made in each pelvic flexure and closed with the assigned technique. Closure time, luminal diameter via contrast radiographs, and bursting pressure were recorded for each specimen and compared between techniques using 1‐way ANOVA with Duncan post hoc test at P < .05. Results: There was a significant difference in closure time (P = .034) with 1‐layer closure faster than both the traditional 2‐layer closure (P=.024) and the 2‐layer closure with suture line reversal (P = .030). There was no significant difference in luminal diameter or bursting pressure between the 3 closure techniques. Conclusions: Two‐layer closure with suture line reversal may be an alternative to traditional 2‐layer closure for closure of the pelvic flexure based on ex vivo bursting pressure testing and closure time. A 1‐layer simple continuous closure resisted bursting pressure not different to both 2‐layer closure techniques. Further in vivo evaluation may be indicated.


A large number of experts, professionals and journalists state that at present our country experiences a crisis of legality, constant adjustment, as well as gaps and inconsistency of legislation. The main reason for the current unfavorable situation, we believe, is the lack of specially trained representatives of the legal profession, specially prepared for lawmaking, ready to offer a balanced approach to the development and adoption of more stable laws that could regulate dynamic social relations and at the same time not be subjected to constant modernization. Such a difficult and often criticized work in the field of lawmaking requires a qualitative review of the composition of participants in legislative bodies at the federal and regional levels, representatives of ministries and departments whose activities are related to rule-making. At the same time, knowledge of fundamentals of legal engineering, analysis of the reasons for the increase in the number of acts deemed unconstitutional, acts inconsistent with acts of greater legal force, a study in retrospect of the quality of law-making activities of foreign countries and immersion in other disciplines in preparing a specially trained layer of representatives of the legal profession can in the end favorably affect the constancy and sustainability of the Russian legislation system. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the need for introducing a norm-writer profession, developing and implementing professional and educational standards. Methodological basis: deduction, abstraction, dialectical analysis of the results of law-making, historical and comparative methods for assessing the quality of the current legislation of Russia and foreign countries, generalizing problems and proposing ways out of the crisis in lawmaking. Results: in order to implement the project of training specially trained people ‒ norm-writers, the idea of the need to develop professional and educational standards was supported, while at the same time there was criticism of the feasibility of introducing benefits, incentives and other preferences. Conclusions: the knowledge and observance of a strictly formalized approach to the creation of a draft regulatory act, as well as the professional registration of draft acts by norm-writers, can bring the system of Russian legislation to a new level.


Rigorous electromagnetic simulation with TEMPEST is used to examine the use of phase-shifting masks in EUV lithography. The effects of oblique incident illumination and mask patterning by ion-mixing of multilayers are analyzed. Oblique incident illumination causes streamers at absorber edges and causes position shifting in aerial images. The diffraction waves between ion-mixed and pristine multilayers are observed. The phase-shifting caused by stepped substrates is simulated and images show that it succeeds in creation of phase-shifting effects. The diffraction process at the phase boundary is also analyzed. As an example of EUV phase-shifting masks, a coma pattern and probe based aberration monitor is simulated and aerial images are formed under different levels of coma aberration. The probe signal rises quickly as coma increases as designed.


The surface of polystyrene (PS) was chemically modified by coating a thin layer of polyaniline (PANI) by oxidizing aniline using ammonium persulfate. Affinity sites for creatinine, a clinically relevant molecule, were created in the coated layer by adding creatinine as print molecules during the oxidation. The imprinted layer adsorbed creatinine was compared to non‐imprinted surface reflecting the creation of creatinine‐specific sites on the surface. The equilibrium was attained rapidly, indicating that a material of this kind is suitable for sensing applications. The adsorbed creatinine on the surface was detected using the technique of Fourier transform attenuated total internal reflection infra red spectroscopy (FT‐ATR‐IR). The results show that molecularly imprinted surface can enrich molecules of interest and the enriched molecules can be detected using FT‐IR. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


A high sensitive EDXRF analyzer is made up with a double exciting apparatus including low energy X-ray tube and isotope source, and an electrically cooled Sin-PIN detector. The analyzer is characterized of high en-ergy resolution and low detection limit. Heavy metal contents in soil of the Panzhihua region were analyzed by the EDXRF analyzer. The results show that the contaminated soil was mainly distributed in the industrial and mining area.


A field experiment was conducted during 1997-99 to study the effect of growth regulators to increase pedicel thickness and shelf-life in 'Tas-A-Ganesh' grapes (Vitis vinifera L.) grafted on '1613 C' rootstock. Treatments With growth regulators like 4-CPA, 6-BA and CPPU increased the pedicel thickness by 19.4% and enhanced the shelf-life (PLW) by 2 days compared with the 2 applications of GA 3 alone. Berry drop and berry rot were reduced to 32.25% and 35.96%, respectively, with the delay in pedicel browning by 32.5% at day 5 in shelf after removal of samples from the cold storage at day 30. Among the growth regulators, CPPU along with GA 3 was more effective in increasing the shelf-life when the clusters were applied twice in 2 ppm aqueous solution, once at 6 mm berry Size stage and again at veraison stage With 25 ppm GA 3 at 3 mm berry size and 6 mm berry size stage. Among the different treatments, dipping bunches first with GA 3 @ 25 ppm at 3 mm berry size, followed by combination of GA 3 @ 25 ppm and CPPU @ 2 ppm at 6 mm berry Size and final dipping of bunches with CPPU @ 2 ppm during veraison was found effective compared with other treatments like GA in combination either with 4-CP A or 6 BA.


—In this work, we address the problem of decentral- ized power allocation for satisfying individual QoS constraints in video streaming in a Small Cells Network.They QoS metric we use here is the probability that the queue length at each transmitter exceeds some threshold: we want this probability to be fixed at a desired value. We focus on a model with interfering transmitter-receiver pairs. Using heavy traffic asymptotic mod- elling we propose a power control algorithm for the case where each base station has access to local SINR feedback, information about the queue length of its user and delayed information of the queues in the other base stations. Simulation results suggest that the proposed algorithm is quite robust in the case of delayed information sharing.


— The main objective of this work is to develop an effective hardware system that respond to a run-time power constraint. These are handled on FPGAs by Dynamic Frequency Control (DFC) for the management of digital image and video processing architectures. In proposed design, the DFC is handled by utilising minimum resources. The pixel-processor architecture designed here is based on the implementation of single-pixel gamma correction operation. Here, the power and performance in-terms of throughput are constraints of digital image depend on the frequency of operations and number of pixel processing cores. The dynamic frequency controlled parallel-pixel processor is implemented on Virtex-6 FPGA's and parallel-pixel processor architecture is verified by using System Generato r.


We propose an approach to compute the inter-subband correlation (ISBC) of noisy speech signals to distinguish between speech and noise segments in the time-frequency plane. The proposed spectral correlation estimator provides information about the input signal which can be used to derive a binary mask or the speech-presence probability. Unlike other approaches it does not require an estimate of the noise power. To this end we analyse a received noisy speech signal in the modulation domain and identify similarly modulated subband signals within a range of modulation frequencies that are typical for speech signals. Based on this pre-processing step, we identify a single reference subband that most likely contains speech and estimate the spectral correlations with respect to this reference band. The algorithm proposed in this paper aims at a very low computational complexity which makes it suitable for hearing aids.


These are notes on an address to the 1979 conference of the Journalism Education Association by Australian Journalists' Association, Federal President. Mr John Lawrence.


Vietnam has achieved remarkable achievements,and the development of the banking industry is one of the important factors.The reform of the banking industry has never stopped.The banking industry has played a more and more important role.However,the Vietnam's banking industry has exposed some problems facing shock from international financial crisis in recently.Developmental prospect in the Vietnam's banking industry remains fine.


We report a hard x-ray patterning capable of drawing lines with a width below 100 nm using x-rays at 0.165 nm. A specially prepared mask based on multilayer growth technology was used as an x-ray mask effectively. The x-ray Talbot effect in near field was investigated and utilized in the patterning. Since multilayers with a few nanometer layer spacing are readily available, the proposed hard x-ray nano patterning, free of the limit imposed by the Rayleigh criterion in optical range, can potentially be an ultimate optical lithography technique.


The ever-increasing demand for in-home products, automation, and sharing information over social networks has opened a gateway for consumer electronics (CE) devices. As a result, system on chip (SoC)-based multiprocessor systems are designed to meet the current demand. This article presents the architectural issues of multiprocessor SoCs (MPSoCs) used in CE devices and provides network on chip (NoC)-based multiprocessors as a solution that helps alleviate the performance of CE devices. Asynchronous NoC propounds more throughput and lower latency than synchronous NoC for a specific number of virtual channels (VCs) and cores.


The purpose of the study was to determine a number of clinical cases of dental implantation with insuficient height of the alveolar ridge based on data of consumption of the dental implants of various designs in dental healthcare institutions during 10 years. Materials and methods. The research was performed on the provided information on the sales of dental implants produced by the DENTIUM corporation, "SuperLine" and "SuperLine NEW" (Korea) from the official supplier in Ukraine ("Stamil" group of companies) for the period 2013–2022. Results and discussion. Quality and sufficient volume of bone tissue around the dental implant is an important condition to achieve an optimal level of osseointegration. In cases of a shortage of available bone an additional option in the choice of treatment tactics is the installation of short dental implants. Compared with dental implants of standard and extended length the short implants showed a higher frequency of rejection and early disintegration. The length of the dental implant body is a critical factor in the long-term successful functioning of implants which is ambiguously evaluated and described in the professional literature. The analysis in the subgroups of the use of short implants showed that in the vast majority of cases, dental implants with a length of 8.00 mm were used – in the volume of ten-year implementation, their specific weight was 24.92%. Accordingly, it can be assumed that the volume of application of such structures is identical to the specific gravity of cases of minimal deficit in the height of the bone tissue of the alveolar crest of the jaws – 2.00 mm. The use of descriptive statistics methods made it possible to calculate the average percentage of such clinical cases – 23.92 ± 5.71 mm (M=25.37 mm). In calculations per decade the specific weight of cases of the alveolar ridge height deficiency of the jaws (lack of available bone tissue) was 30.03%. The average value was 28.80 ± 6.74% (M=30.95%), the minimum – 19.11% and the maximum – 38.08%. There were only 1.42% cases of "compensation" of the short implant length by increasing its diameter (upto 6.00 and 7.00 mm) in the overall structure of the performed operations. The usage of average annual number of short dental implants of increased diameter (from 6.00 mm) was 0.67 ± 0.28% (M=0.56%). The analysis of dynamics of the usage of short dental implants (7.00 mm and 8.00 mm) over ten years period revealed unevenness. For implants with a length of 8.00 mm frequency varied between 15.00–30.00%. The usage of shorter structures (length 7.00 mm) did not have such critical changes – minor deviations near 5.00%. Conclusion. The obtained results allowed to determine indirectly the prevalence of the alveolar ridge height deficiency in patients of "implantation cohort" in Ukraine during the last 10 years


Abstract Meeting escapement and recovery goals for Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp. is greatly facilitated by accurate and precise estimates of run size and stock composition. Although this is particularly important for endangered Pacific salmon runs like the Snake River fall Chinook salmon O. tshawytscha evolutionarily significant unit, few studies provide estimates with confidence intervals (CIs) and standard errors (SEs). We developed a run reconstruction method for fall Chinook salmon returning to Lower Granite Dam on the Snake River. We showed that composition estimates of fish returning to large river systems can be obtained through subsampling. The methods reported here yield CIs around those estimates. We used compound bootstrap methods to derive CIs and SEs on return numbers and composition. In general, if the number of fish returning for a group was 300 or more, we were 90% confident that our return estimate represented the true number within 10%. Estimates for smaller groups were generally impr...


Microgrids are localized electrical grids with control capability that are able to disconnect from the traditional grid to operate autonomously. They strengthen grid resilience, help mitigate grid disturbances, and support a flexible grid by enabling the integration of distributed energy resources. Given the likely presence of critical loads, the proper protection of microgrids is of vital importance; however, this is complicated in the case of inverter-interfaced microgrids where low fault currents preclude the use of conventional time-overcurrent protection. This paper introduces and investigates the application of dynamic state estimation, a generalization of differential protection, for the protection of radial portions of microgrids (or distribution networks); both phasor-based and dynamic approaches are investigated for protection. It is demonstrated through experiments on three case-study systems that dynamic state estimation is capable of correctly identifying model parameters for both normal and faulted operation.


Cloud-computing systems share hardware resources (CPU time and memory) between mutually untrusted applications. As such, they must provide isolation barriers between these applications, but must also secure resource sharing such that applications cannot stop, slow down, or provoke incorrect resource accounting of other applications. These isolation barriers are implemented by a trusted operating system kernel, which must be built according to security principles. Confidence in the system can be further increased with the help of tools for formal verification and proof of programs. Using these tools is eased because thorough application of security principles leads to a small system, but still poses many challenges for formal verification, like concurrency and the need to model the behavior of the hardware. This paper shows how modern tools for proof of programs can be applied to verification of secure kernels and hypervisors for the Cloud. We illustrate this approach on a critical module of a prototype Cloud hypervisor, called Anaxagoros, using the Frama-C software verification platform.


Conventional time domain passivity control inevitably embodies division. Zero division can occur under a tiny force or velocity, which may be inevitable, and will be the cause of control crash. To avoid the zero division problem and control crash, we propose a switching dissipation controller for guaranteed stability. The parametric design of the proposed approach is discussed. The switching time domain passivity control is then applied to teleoperation and safe operation is achieved. Simulation and experimental results are demonstrated to validate the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.


The ideological concept and working ability of the editorial mainstay directly influence the overall quality of the publication. The high development and popularization of the information science and the allied technique of the contemporary era, have inspired the editorial mainstay to keep pace with the situational demand of modernization and it is imminent. The editorial staff of a college journal should carry on researches into its contents' subject consciousness, the personality quality and the editorial menas to meet the requirements of the modernized development, thus to promote the editorial modernization, and enable the journal to reflect and spread rapidly the human civilization and progress.


This study of the national income of the Soviet Union republics was performed in a research project at the former Deptartment of Soviet and East European Research, Uppsala University. The project ...


Global exponential stability analysis for a class of autonomous Cohen-Grossberg neural networks with proportional delay is studied. By applying Young inequality and constructing proper Lyapunov functional,a delay-independent condition for global exponential stability of the system is obtained,and an example and simulation result are given to demonstrate the correctness of the conclusion.


The optoelectronic properties are very important to the design and fabrication of carbon nonoutbe based devices. This paper build the electromagnetic model for the carbon nanotube photosensitive device excited by the light source and making an analysis of optoelectronic properties of the photosensitive device by numerical simulation technology. Based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation, some constructive advices for the design of such kind of photosensitive device are given.


OBJECTIVE
To determine clinical and bacteriological efficacy and tolerability of meropenem and imipenem/cilastatin, given intravenously, in the treatment of intra-abdominal infections in hospitalized patients.

EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN
Open multicentre, randomized, parallel groups clinical trial, comparing meropenem and imipenem/cilastatin.

ENVIRONMENT
Six Italian hospitals.

PATIENTS
Eighty-six hospitalized patients, aged 16 or more, with intra-abdominal infections requiring parenteral antibiotic therapy, were randomized to two treatment groups (43 on meropenem, 43 on imipenem/cilastatin). Eighty-four patients completed the study and 2 were excluded from efficacy analysis.

TREATMENT
Meropenem and imipenem/cilastatin were administered intravenously at 1 g TID. Dosage was reduced in patients with renal impairment. Mean treatment duration in clinically evaluable patients was 7.0 days in meropenem group and 7.6 days in imipenem/cilastatin group.

MEASUREMENTS
Clinical efficacy evaluated at the end of the therapy and 2-4 weeks after. Bacteriological efficacy before, during, and immediately after the end or the modification of the experimental treatment. All adverse events were recorded.

RESULTS
42/43 (98%) patients on meropenem and 39/41 (95%) on imipenem/cilastatin had satisfactory clinical response. In both groups bacteriological response was satisfactory in 26/27 (96%) evaluable patients. No statistically significant differences were found, both for clinical and bacteriological efficacy. Only two adverse reaction to study drug were observed (1 rash per treatment group).

CONCLUSIONS
Meropenem, broad spectrum antibiotic with high stability to human renal DHP-1, given alone for the treatment of intra-abdominal infections is as effective and well tolerated as imipenem/cilastatin.


This paper considers the problem of investment of capital in risky assets in a dynamic capital market in continuous time. The model controls risk, and in particular the risk associated with errors in the estimation of asset returns. The framework for investment risk is a geometric Brownian motion model for asset prices, with random rates of return. The information filtration process and the capital allocation decisions are considered separately. The filtration is based on a Bayesian model for asset prices, and an (empirical) Bayes estimator for current price dynamics is developed from the price history. Given the conditional price dynamics, investors allocate wealth to achieve their financial goals efficiently over time. The price updating and wealth reallocations occur when control limits on the wealth process are attained. A Bayesian fractional Kelly strategy is optimal at each rebalancing, assuming that the risky assets are jointly lognormal distributed. The strategy minimizes the expected time to the upper wealth limit while maintaining a high probability of reaching that goal before falling to a lower wealth limit. The fractional Kelly strategy is a blend of the log-optimal portfolio and cash and is equivalently represented by a negative power utility function, under the multivariate lognormal distribution assumption. By rebalancing when control limits are reached, the wealth goals approach provides greater control over downside risk and upside growth. The wealth goals approach with random rebalancing times is compared to the expected utility approach with fixed rebalancing times in an asset allocation problem involving stocks, bonds, and cash.


This paper presents a current sensorless technique for current-driven full-bridge dc/dc converters. The proposed technique is able to precisely estimate the transformer current and in turn input/output current of the converter. Since the high-frequency current is estimated, different current-based modulations schemes (e.g., self-sustained oscillating control (SSOC), modulators for synchronous rectifications, etc.) can be implemented using the proposed current sensorless technique. In the proposed technique, the current is estimated using the precise model of dc/dc converters instead of the averaged model. Thus, the accurate current waveform is derived within a switching cycle. The mathematical analysis of the system observability and the practical concerns related to the implementation of the proposed technique are also described in detail. Experimental results on a current-driven dc/dc converter are presented to show the feasibility of the proposed technique and verify its performance.


hero systems. One should n o t ic e In t h i s f igu re no t only the changing nature o f the Ideal typology but a ls o the changes 1n how the Indiv idual person r e l a t e s to t h a t u l t im a te , beckoning Idea l. In frame #1 a g re a t sense o f drama unfolds as fo rces o f good and e v i l v ie f o r th e e te r n i ty o f t h a t s in g le so u l . In frame #6 th e re 1s l i t t l e o r no shared concensus o f an Ideal typology. Each e n t i t y i s "doing I t s own th ing" and th e re Is l i t t l e binding agreement on any Ideal conception—a l l 1s d isaggrega tion In p ra c t ic a l and Idea l terms. In between, frames 2-5 r e f l e c t changing Id ea ls and l e s s un iversal r e la t io n s h ip s o f In d iv id u a ls to them. Why do human beings s t r i v e ? Why do they carry-on and persevere in an o f ten h o s t i l e world? What 1s 1 t t h a t urges men to continue even In the face o f u n iv e r s a l ly Impending death? A dler comes to g r ip s with t h i s problem and concludes t h a t man 1s b a s i c a l ly a g o a ld i r e c te d , purposive being. In the absence o f a c l e a r and compelling goal o r Id e a l , he w i l l c re a te some s u b s t i t u t e —h is p a r t i c u l a r l y s a t i s fy in g Ideal typology o r hero system. In A d le r 's words: Heaven The Cternal State Reward" D u ty ~ U Jo rtd C onstW et'tn Alienation Temptation I D a m n a t io n I L if t and For*** m +h«_ Dj*enia <jf fAan DieVtonoi  ̂ Dio grace. Ind<*4lVtal evolution Order*/•. . w U«n« t*gn«se —Progress o ^ o o o o o o o o o o o o o of Man(SocUI Att*v«d»wr u«i» of tAeni^ O O O O O h O Rejects and C harity W avJs Unfit


THE POLLEN SPECTRUM OF SOME HONEYS FROM NORWAY Y In this investigation 184 honeys from 126 localities in 16 districts in Norway, produced in 1968, 1970 and 1971, were examined by pollen analysis. Special attention was paid to heather (Callulla l,ulgaris).


This article introduces briefly combining practical case how to strengthen internal controlling of responsibility cost in job site.It introduces from the controlling of labor cost and material cost to the controlling of responsibility cost of the whole project,aiming to induce the constructional cost and seek the largest benefit for the industry.It also proposes some suggestions and dealing methods for the cost controlling.


There exist various approaches to use input-output analysis for measuring the direct and indirect effects of a disruption to an economic system stemming from natural disasters, bottlenecks in primary factors and energy resources, strikes, and restrictions due to regulation. The present paper brings together linear programming and input-output-analysis to introduce various scenarios of linear restrictions to an economy where there is only one technology to produce each good (Leontief technology). Thus, while technological adaptation is not an option, other forms of adaptation, e.g., changing the composition of final demand and of the trade structure are considered. The effect of the disruption is computed as the difference between the base scenario and the solution of the linear program. The analysed models stand in a long tradition of linear-programming-input-output approaches. While in older models the production or the value added of the overall economy was employed as the objective function to be maximized, in our approach it is final demand, although a further restriction is imposed that final demand in any sector must not exceed the final demand before the disruption. The suitability and interpretation of various modelling approaches are discussed, both from a theoretical stand-point and with the help of application studies based on real world input-output tables. The applications deal with the cut-back of the production of a group of industries and with the effect of a shortage of various energy resources.


The poor adhesion of common metals to CdZnTe (CZT)/CdTe surfaces has been a long-standing challenge for radiation detector applications. In this present work, we explored the use of an alternative electrode, viz., Al-doped ZnO (AZO) as a replacement to common metallic contacts. ZnO offers several advantages over the latter, such as having a higher hardness, a close match of the coefficients of thermal expansion for CZT and ZnO, and better adhesion to the surface of CZT due to the contact layer being an oxide. The AZO/CZT contact was investigated via high spatial-resolution X-ray response mapping for a planar detector at the micron level. The durability of the device was investigated by acquiring I–V measurements over an 18-month period, and good long-term stability was observed. We have demonstrated that the AZO/CZT/AZO virtual-Frisch-grid device performs fairly well, with comparable or better characteristics than that for the same detector fabricated with gold contacts.


The paper describes 37 tests conducted on slender circular tubular columns filled with normal and high strength concrete subjected to eccentric axial load. The test parameters were the nominal strength of concrete (30, 70 and 90 MPa), the diameter to thickness ratio D/t, the eccentricity ratio e/D and the column slenderness (L/D). The experimental ultimate load of each test was compared with the design loads from Eurocode 4, which limits the strength of concrete up to 50MPa. The aim of the paper is to establish the advisability of the use of high strength concretes as opposed to that of normal strength concretes by comparing three performance indexes: concrete contribution ratio, strength index and ductility index. The results show for the limited cases analyzed that the use of high strength concrete for slender composite columns is interesting since this achieves ductile behavior despite the increase in load-carrying capacity is not greatly enhanced.


The theoretical rates of deposition for fine sediments over the last 10 ka have been deduced and plotted for the Kieler Bucht. Assumptions are that the bay has remained as a closed sedimentary system, and that the fine sediments deposit in water deeper than 10 m. A sharp peak of sedimentation activity is indicated between 7.5 and 8.5 ka B.P. with low rates prior to 9.5 ka and since 6 ka. Comparison of rates obtained from dated cores extracted from different parts of the Kieler Bucht with the theoretical curve shows general conformity, and confirms that peak sedimentation rates exceeding 3 mm/a, as averaged over 100–200 years, occurred between 8 and 9 ka, with the suggestion of a minor activity peak between 3 and 4 ka. The overall consistency supports the view that the bay has acted essentially as a closed sedimentary basin during the Holocene marine transgression and subsequently.


Due to the increasing concern for fossil fuel powered vehicles negative impact on the environment car manufacturers are looking more and more towards alternative drivetrains. One of the solutions is to use an electric motor also known as an e-machine. To be able to utilize an e-machine efficiently a transmission is needed between the e-machine and the driveshafts connecting to the wheels. The design process for this type of transmission is not as well mapped out as for a conventional transmission. The aim of the thesis work was to create a tool that aids the initial part of the design process. Matlab programing language was used to create a program that uses the basic parameters known in the start of a transmission project to provide a recommendation on where initial development should be started. The tool provides a variety of solutions ranked by different criteria selected by the user. The program is function based, starting by creating 2D layouts, calculating gear widths and progressing by calculating bearing forces and bearing sizes. Since the aim of the tool was to provide a quick estimation of the optimal layout, simplified calculations were used in the function files. The accuracy was verified using two methods in the Masta transmission program and the result showed that the transmissions recommended by the tool are optimized.


Investors have been working hard to find the best trading strategy. Previous studies suggest that order imbalance can be a state variable in explaining cross sectional stock return. In this article, we examine dynamic relations between order imbalance, volatility and stock return of top gainers. Then, we develop an order imbalance based trading strategy and explain the causality. We employ a time varying Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity (GARCH) model to investigate intraday dynamics among order imbalance, volatility and return. A significantly negative relation between order imbalance and volatility has been documented. The leverage effect proposed by Christie (1982) could explain the above result. Current period order imbalance explains current period volatility and stock return. Contemporaneous order imbalance has a significantly positive and lag-one order imbalance has a significantly negative influence on stock return. Time span of data and responsibility of market maker explain this phenomenon. Finally, we develop a profitable order imbalance based trading strategy. To explore the profitability of our trading strategy, we examine the causal relationship between return and order imbalance. We find that order imbalance is a good indicator for price discovery. Moreover, order imbalance is a better indicator for predicting returns in large firm size quartile.


The validation of the method of DNA extraction from Apis mellifera L. tissue was the aim of our work. The honeybee samples were harvested from the apiary of the Department of Technology of Honeybee Rearing from the University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj–Napoca in August 2007. DNA was extracted according to the protocol proposed by Hunt et al., 1999 and modified by Wilkes and Oldroyd, 2003. The NANODROP device was used for purity measurements. In order to elaborate the validation protocol the following parameters were calculated: detection limit, quantification limit, repeatability, reproducibility and uncertainty.


Recurrent neural networks (RNN) and convolutional neural networks (CNN) have been extensively used on text classification to capture the local and long-range dependencies. Recent work has demonstrated the superiority of self-attention networks (SAN) owing to their highly parallelizable computation and excellent performance. However, SAN has difficulty capturing meaningful semantic relationships over very long sequences, and the memory requirement grows rapidly in line with the sequence length. To solve these limitations of SAN in processing long document sequence, this paper proposes four novel ideas and build a hierarchical text-label integrated attention network(HLAN). Firstly, a hierarchical architecture is introduced to map the hierarchy of document, which effectively shortens the sequence length of each process. Secondly, the attention weights are calculated in the joint embedding space of text and label. Thirdly, a multi-head soft attention is proposed to compress the sequence encoded by self-attention into a single vector. Finally, a loss term called class loss is given and combined with cross entropy loss. HLAN achieves competitive results over the compared strong baseline methods on 4 out of 5 benchmark datasets, which verifies the effectiveness of HLAN for document classification, in terms of both accuracy and memory requirement.


The number of firms supporting work from home has risen dramatically as advances in communication technology have fundamentally transformed the way humans cooperate. A growing literature addresses working from home, but focuses only on individual workers, overlooking potential influence of co‐worker engagement. Our aim is to study the influence of co‐workers working from home on individual and team performance. We use unique data from a large‐scale survey involving nine European countries, 259 establishments, 869 teams and 11,011 employees to show that the impact of working from home by co‐workers on performance is considerable and has remained hidden in past studies because they did not account for co‐worker effects. While working from home may be useful for some workers, it does bring issues for them as well. Specifically, we demonstrate that co‐workers working from home negatively impact employee performance. Moreover, team performance is worse when more co‐workers are working from home.


Detecting fraudulent users in social networks could reduce online fraud and telecommunication fraud cases, which is essential to protect the lives and properties of internet users and maintain social harmony and stability. We study how to detect fraudulent users by using heterogeneous graph representation learning and propose a heterogeneous graph representation learning algorithm to learn user node embeddings to reduce human intervention. The experimental results show promising results. This article investigates how to use better heterogeneous graph representation learning to detect fraudulent users in social networks and improve detection accuracy.


This paper analyzes the performance of multiple reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs)-aided networks with opportunistic RIS scheduling. The paper also provides some optimization results on the number of reflecting elements on RISs and the optimal placement of RISs. We first derive accurate closed-form approximations for RIS channels' distributions assuming independent non-identically distributed (i.ni.d.) Nakagami-<italic>m</italic> fading environment. Then, the approximate expressions for outage probability (OP) and average symbol error probability (ASEP) are derived in closed-form. Furthermore, to get more insights into the system performance, we derive the asymptotic OP at the high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) regime and provide closed-form expressions for the system diversity order and coding gain. Finally, the accuracy of our theoretical analysis is validated through Monte-Carlo simulations. The obtained results show that the considered RIS scenario can provide a diversity order of <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\frac{a}{2}K$</tex-math></inline-formula>, where <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$a$</tex-math></inline-formula> is a function of the Nakagami fading parameter <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$m$</tex-math></inline-formula> and the number of meta-surface elements <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$N$</tex-math></inline-formula>, and <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$K$</tex-math></inline-formula> is the number of RISs.


About 30 items concerning the physicochemical properties such as pH, suspended solid contents and dissolved components of white water, zeta potentials of the fine particles and aluminum, iron, calcium, sulfate, chloride and nitrogen contents of white water, solids in white water and paper were investigated on 80 samples belong to 49 machines operated at 11 paper mills all over Japan. The physicochemical properties varied widely from one mill to another. Main inorganic components dissolved in white water were estimated to be CaSO4, Na2SO4 and NaCl, and their average concentrations were 360, 260 and 45 ppm respectively. The total value (665 ppm) corresponds to the ionic strength 0.0168 and this value is a level high enough to influence badly the sizing, retention of polymer additives, zeta potential and so on.


Traditionally,the hoist and transmission capacity of a separation and hoist machine for coarse particles was mostly calculated with formulae for the relevant calculation of a spiral sludge discharger,thus resulting in big error.Through improved design for structures of spiral body,trail bearing base parts and transmission mechanism,an optimum combining structure model for a separation and hoist machine for coarse particles was proposed.Meanwhile,the design parameters of the machine were improved by which the performance of the machine was improved.Practical application proves that the improved machine has high efficiency,long service life and convenience for operation and maintenance.


A radial inflow turbine (RIT) B rotor, including the impeller and shaft, was examined experimentally to determine vibratory characteristics. It was concluded that there are no specific speeds within the operating range with adequate resonance encroachment margins. It is recommended that performance tests be carried out with caution.


The COVID-19 pandemic has caused a significant impact on the workplace, particularly on employee productivity. Due to the worldwide COVID-19 pandemic, businesses and employees have been restricted from travelling to prevent the spread of the virus. Working from home is growing increasingly prevalent in the current digital age and employees are urged to be accommodated. This study aims to investigate employee productivity in Malaysia during COVID-19. Our research objective for this research is to evaluate employee satisfaction, compensation and benefits, training and development and organizational culture factor contribution to the employee performance on work efficiency in Malaysia during COVID-19 Pandemic Age. Our conceptual framework includes four independent variables, namely employee satisfaction, compensation and benefits, training and development and organizational culture and they have an impact on employee performance. Moreover, this study mainly uses quantitative research method, and it adopts a survey methodology to collect data from employees in various organizations in Malaysia. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses are used to analyze the data.


NMR T2 distributions obtained from saturated porous media are closely related to interactions between the liquids saturating the media and the pore surfaces of the media themselves. This would intuitively make NMR an ideal way of studying surface phenomena such as wettability. Here are presented two methods that use a relatively high-viscous mineral oil as the oil phase. We assume that the nuclear spins of the hydrogen atoms in the oil phase will interact with the pore walls only to a minor degree due to the low diffusivity of the oil. This assumption infers that the NMR T2 distribution of such oil will remain constant and is independent of the porous medium. For a system satisfying this assumption it is possible to subtract a scaled version of a predetermined bulk oil signal from the signal consisting of both oil and water thus giving the water signal alone. A slightly different approach is to use the large difference in molecular mobility between water and the mineral oil to obtain the true oil distribution from the sample by use of pulsed field gradients to suppress the signal arising from water in the system. The resulting signal now originating from the oil phase alone can then be subtracted from the signal consisting of both oil and water thus again giving the water signal alone Once one has access to the brine T2 distribution for different brine saturations it is possible to gain information on the wettability of the system depending on the shape of the distributions. For example, brine that is wetting the surface will have significantly shorter T2 compared to brine that is disconnected from the surface due to an oil film wetting the surface. In systems where large regions are oil wet, we may even see a bulk brine component of longer T2 than the longest T2 in brine saturated systems. INTRODUCTION The petroleum industry is frequently met with challenges relating to reservoir wettability. Traditional methods of wettability determination, including the Amott test (Amott, 1959) and the United States Bureau of Mines (USBM) test of wettability (Donaldson et al.,


In the present study, the vine stem and modified vine stem were used as low cost adsorbents for the removal of acidic and basic dyes from aqueous solutions. A comparative study was also carried out with activated carbon obtained from vine stem and then the adsorption capacities of all adsorbents were evaluated by batch adsorption process. The effects of various adsorption parameters (initial pH, particle size, and contact time) were investigated. The modification of the vine stem with nitric acid increased its adsorption capacity for the basic dye. Both, vine stem and modified vine stem exhibited higher adsorption capacities than activated carbon. The adsorption capacities were found to be 322.58, 250, and 200 mg g ―1 for modified, natural vine stem, and activated carbon, respectively. In the case of acidic dye, the pH strongly affected the adsorption capacity and the maximum dye uptake was observed at pH 2 for all adsorbents. The acidic dye adsorption was lower compared to basic dye on both biosorbents and activated carbon tested. The maximum acidic dye adsorption values (58.82 and 59.88 mg g ―1 ) were obtained with the vine stem and activated carbon, respectively. In the case of lignocellulosic adsorbents, both surface charge and surface groups had main effect on the adsorption of basic dye, while adsorption mechanism in activated carbon was mainly through the physical adsorption. The results of comparative adsorption capacity of adsorbents indicated that vine stem or modified vine stem can be used as a low cost alternative to activated carbon in aqueous solution for basic dye removal.


Standard approaches in genetic linkage and association analysis of data from large pedigrees have limited ability to handle covariates, which are important for studying their main effects and interactions with genetic markers. We desribed mixed models appropriate for analyzing such data. In particular, our motivating example was a simulated data distributed through the Genetic Analysis Workshop (GAW17) for which three types of mixed models have been fitted: a linear model of quantitative trait, a logistic model of binary trait, and a Cox model of binary trait and age at onset. The relevant functions lmekin for linear model and coxme for Cox model are from the R package kinship and able to accommodate kinship and identity-by-descent (IBD) information, while function pedigreemm from the R package pedigreemm allows for Gaussian, binary and Poisson responses with kinship but not IBD information. We compared these with procedures in SAS. We found that avaibility of a good IBD information can be useful for positional cloning and fine mapping in genome-wide association studies involving single nucleotide polymorphisms. We believe that our work will be of practical use to researchers in their analysis of pedigree data.


The basic methods of competition in the era of the capitalism emergence in Russia in XVIII are considered in the article. The analysis is based on the examples of the first two representatives of the Demidov breeders dynasty, entrepreneurs in the most dynamic sectors of the economy metal industry.


Based on the aerodynamics,the structural dynamics and the mechanical engineering,with starting from the design factors of the blade,the primary factors which effect the blade' weight were analyzed.The blade' s weight models were established by the mechanism analysis,and the model is reasonable by the confirmation of the actual wind turbine′s parameters.It is feasible that making use of the weight model to study the design of wind turbines.


A compact tri-band bandpass filter with controllable passband and low loss is proposed. The filter is composed of resonators A and B. Resonator A is a quad-mode stub-loaded resonator(SLR) that controls the second and third passbands; The resonator B is a dual-mode stub-loaded resonator that controls the first passband; Finally, a tri-band bandpass filter with a size of $\mathbf{15}.\mathbf{90}\mathbf{mm}\times \mathbf{18}.\mathbf{42}\mathbf{mm}(\mathbf{0}.\mathbf{13}\boldsymbol{\lambda}_{\mathbf{g}}\times \mathbf{0}.\mathbf{15}\boldsymbol{\lambda}_{\mathbf{g}})$ is designed.


The tensile properties of Inconel 718 and Udimet 720 Ni-base alloys being used for liquid hydrogen fueled rocket engine materials were investigated in a high pressure hydrogen of 19.7MPa at room temperature. The results obtained are as follows;(1) Elongation, reduction of area and ultimate tensile strength in hydrogen were smaller than those in argon for both Inconel 718 and Udimet 720. The effect of hydrogen on the tensile properties increased with decreasing strain rate.(2) Dimple rupture was mainly observed in argon both of Inconel 718 and Udimet 720. In hydrogen, the fracture along the interface between δ phase and γ matrix for Inconel 718 and that along the interface between γ' phase and γ matrix for Udimet 720 were observed on the fracture surface, respectively.(3) For Inconel 718, the crack initiation occurred at carbide and then the crack propagated along the interface between δ phase and γ matrix in hydrogen. For Udimet 720, the crack initiation occurred at precipitate and then the crack propagated along the interface between γ' phase and γ matrix in hydrogen.


In the cloud, various privacy-preserving and security threats on data retrieval processes exist. In this article, the authors propose an efficient method for secure privacy preserving in cloud. Initially, the shared file is encrypted using a Vigenere encryption algorithm before uploading. For creating the privacy map, the efficient classification algorithm is recommended. Here, a Modified Artificial Neural Network (MANN) is used to generate the privacy map. The weight value of the neural network is optimized using a Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm. While retrieving files initially, the authorization of the person is verified by providing basic information, then the OTP of the respective files is verified. Since the user can retrieve the files only after authorization, verification and decryption of the files is highly secured and privacy is preserved. The performance of the proposed method is evaluated in terms of time and accuracy.


Air traffic is growing at a steady rate of 3% to 5% per year in most regions of the world, implying a doubling every 15–25 years. This requires major advances in aircraft noise reduction at airports, just not to increase the noise exposure due to the larger number of aircraft movements. In fact it can be expected, as a consequence of increased opposition to noise by near airport residents, that the overall noise exposure will have to be reduced, by bans, curfews, fines, and other means and limitations, unless significantly quieter aircraft operations are achieved. The ultimate solution is aircraft operations inaudible outside the airport perimeter, or noise levels below road traffic and other existing local noise sources. These substantial noise reductions cannot come at the expense of a degradation of cruise efficiency, that would affect not just economics and travel time, but would increase fuel consumption and emission of pollutants on a global scale. The paper reviews the: (i) current knowledge of the aircraft noise sources; (ii) the sound propagation in the atmosphere and ground effects that determine the noise annoyance of near-airport residents; (iii) the noise mitigation measures that can be applied to current and future aircraft; (iv) the prospects of evolutionary and novel aircraft designs towards quieter aircraft in the near term and eventually to operations inaudible outside the airport perimeter. The 20 figures and 1 diagram with their legends provide a visual summary of the review.


Received: April 07, 2021 Computer Vision (CV) is a study field that is responsible for developing techniques to perform tasks that the human visual system can do. Object detection is a technique used for detecting objects in videos and images. The research aims at detecting objects for indoor environment such as offices or rooms in different conditions of lighting by using YOLOv3 and generating a voice message for each detected object. YOLOv3 outperforms the other deep learning algorithms such as CNN because it looks at the entire image by predicting the bounding boxes using Convolutional Neural Network and finding class probabilities for these bounding boxes. However, CNN does not look at the image completely; it splits the image into regions that sequentially enter the neural network for performing the object detection and recognition process. This makes YOLOv3 faster than other deep learning algorithms. Open-source Computer Vision (OpenCV) was used for capturing the video frames. Then YOLOv3 was used to detect the objects in each frame and determine their location. Finally, the sound in the Arabic language was generated for the detected objects. The proposed method can detect six objects with an accuracy of 99% in the overall performance. Accepted: June 07, 2021


SUMMARYIntroduction Thrombophlebitis of the internal jugular vein may appear as a rare complication of oropharyngeal infection and tonsillectomy procedure. Clinical features usually include an acute onset of inflam- mation with formation of venous thrombosis and secondary septic propagation (Lemierre's syndrome). The aim of this work was to present a rare case of internal jugular vein thrombophlebitis as a late com- plication following tonsillectomy. Case outline We present an otherwise healthy 25-year-old male patient on whom tonsillectomy was performed due to chronic tonsillitis. Two weeks after surgery, the patient was rehospitalized for high temperature, diffuse swelling on the left side of the neck, fatigue, painful swallowing, and constrained mouth opening. Thrombophlebitis of the left internal jugular vein was diagnosed by the neck ultrasound. Complete recovery was achieved in three weeks' time by the combination of antibiotics and anticoagu-lant/antithrombotic therapy. Conclusion vein thrombosis in adults tonsillitis, fibrous adhesions are expected during the surgical procedure.


Abstract : The characteristics of commercially available from powders and the relative physical properties of bars processed from them were studied. The processes by which the powders studied had been manufactured were reflected in the physical properties of the final product. Close control of such properties as oxygen content and particle porosity was found to be desirable in order to assure uniformity of the pressed product. The tensile properties of compacts pressed from powders produced by electrolytic deposition were found to be superior to the properties of compacts pressed from powders produced by other methods. It is considered that this superiority may be attributed in part to the high degree of chemical purity of electrolytic powders. It was found that the addition of low percentage of alloying elements to iron powders, particularly those which were very finely divided, materially increased the ultimate tensile strength of the sintered compacts. Since the existing wide variations in the physical characteristics of commercially available iron powders affect the properties of the finished parts, it may be necessary to include certain of these characteristics in specifications for such parts. These powder specifications should include oxygen content, apparent density, specific surface area and compressibility.


The influence of masonry infills on the seismic beh aviour of reinforced concrete buildings has been wi dely studied in terms of their strength and stiffness contributi on n the in-plane direction while less studies hav e been carried out on their response in their out-of-plane (OOP) d irection. OOP collapses were observed on recent ear thquakes motivating experimental efforts to characterize thi s behaviour combined and not with previous damage d ue to inplane loading demands. The present paper pretends t o compare the test findings of two different experi mental campaigns carried out on full-scale and scaled infi ll masonry panels under out-of-plane load. The main results of both experimental campaigns will be detailed and di scussed to evaluate the key parameters that governe d the infill panels OOP behaviour. The results will be presented i terms of force-displacement envelopes, energy d issipation and failure modes. Besides that, the second main go al of the manuscript is to present the comparison o f the experimental results with the analytical models ava il ble in the literature.


Over the last few decades, my work has been animated by the fundamental question, how can we make strange the universalist claims or assumptions of the epistemologies with which we work in order to reveal their cultural specificity? It is a question that also emerges in connection with modes of racialization. Thus, one should not simply compare types of racialization, as though they were commensurable, but ask what one can do to show the work these concepts perform in relation to specific histories and languages. My own familiar methods of articulating processes of racialization became thoroughly destabilized on a recent visit to India, where the functions of caste appeared to trump questions of racialization in critical discussions. But before entering this minefield of complexities and contradictions, let me summarize the previous work with which I've been associated.


At first glance, there clearly exists a crisis in Russian literary criticism today with respect to notions about what the history of literature was and what it should be. In contemporary criticism, which is ambitiously revising the past, it becomes more and more obvious that the identification of Russian literature with revolutionary, radical literature is getting stronger; as in former days, periods of literature are correlated with purely political and ideological premises; the volume of the history of literature in a totalitarian society is artificially reduced to the notion of "totalitarian literature," and so on.


Abstract More than 300 million people across the world are currently at risk for skeletal and dental fluorosis due to drinking fluoride-contaminated groundwater. Current treatment solutions are not adequate in a number of manners: short adsorbent lifespan, high waste generation, poor treated water aesthetics, continuous dependence on electricity, poor recovery of extracted groundwater, and economic unsustainability. Hybrid anion exchange resin, referred to as HAIX-Zr, was synthesized in this investigation by impregnating strong base anion exchange resins with nanoscale zirconium oxide (ZrO2) particles at a loading rate of >10% zirconium content (w/w). Nanoparticles of ZrO2 were <50 nm and had a mean diameter of 15 nm. Polymeric anion exchange resins are durable hosts with an environment of fixed positive charges (e.g., quaternary ammonium functional groups, R4N+) that create enhanced local anion concentrations via the Donnan membrane effect. Synergy of the robust polymer phase and high surface area of dis...


Given a load network consisting of a conductance in parallel with a short-circuited stub, the admittance values of optimum one and two section commensurate transmission line matching networks are derived. These values are expressed in closed form as functions of the bandwidth and ripple level. It is shown that optimum networks have nonzero reflection coefficient minima, as predicted by classical broad-band matching theory.


After years of silence on municipal food policy in Berlin, actors from civil society, academia, industry and the local senate have come together to discuss the current state and future of Berlin's food system, and are developing the city's first urban food strategy. The Ernahrungsrat Berlin is the citizen-led urban food policy council working towards food democracy and re-localisation in the Berlin-Brandenburg region.


Fractions of the high ash Nigerian Lafia-Obi coal L±250 ground to pass the 250 µm sieve in three stages were subjected to proximate/ash composition analyses, hot aqueous leaching de-ashing with water and sodium carbonate in multiple stages and in a H2O-Na2CO3-H2O sequence (with initial solution homogenization). The results obtained showed that ash contents percent of 24.60, 14.70 and 24.07 were obtained for fractions L-250(1), L-250(2) and L+250(2); respectively as against 32.55% in the as-received coal. The ash reductions obtained translate to overall average ash removal of about 38.66% at the 19.90% ash content of the concentrates blend at a good 1:20 ratio of reagent to coal. The study also showed that a three stage leaching in the sequence H2ONa2CO3-H2O (HSH) produced a higher leaching rate than Na2CO3-H2O-H2O (SHH). The ash content of the concentrates blend at 19.90% is lower than 23.80% required for coal blends for Indian standard coking practice, but higher than the maximum of 10% upper limit for the conventional cokemaking practice. The reduction in ash content obtained at the atmospheric pressure treatment of Lafia-Obi coal was found to compare favourably with that of a high pressure elevated temperature autoclave leaching of an Illinois coal. Binary blend formulation between the prime coking western Canada coal and Lafia-Obi coal as-leached showed that inclusion of 16.63% of the latter was probable and this translates to reduction in cost per ton of about $23.67. A successful upgrade of the leaching route derived to industrial scale will make Lafia-Obi coal available as a blend component for economical cokemaking.


In acute volume overload (VO) produced by aorto‐caval fistula (ACF) in the rat, a substantial loss of interstitial collagen was observed within 12 hours. Prevention of acute collagen loss attenuated progressive chamber dilation. To investigate the transcriptional changes which may mediate acute collagen loss and latter adverse chamber dilation, we performed a genome‐wide transcriptional profiling of left ventricles from rats subjected to 1 day ACF or sham surgery. In the ACF group, a 44% decrease of collagen was observed. 112 transcripts were up‐regulated and 37 were down‐regulated (fold>=1.5 with P<0.05). About 15% transcripts were selected and verified by real‐time quantitative RT‐PCR and/or immunoblot. Ingenuity Pathways Analysis revealed that the major functions of the altered genes are leukocyte migration and adhesion(MCP‐1, CD14, CCN5, etc) , immune response and inflammatory disease(IL‐1 receptor antagonist, activin A, colony stimulating factor 1, osteoprotegerin, etc ), interleukin and chemokine signaling (CD16, CD32, chemokine(c‐c) motif ligand 7, 12, 13, 11, etc), as well as connective tissue disorder(CD200 receptor 1, MMP‐19, fibronectin 1, etc). Greater than 50% of genes with 2‐fold or higher change are involved in inflammation. These results support an important role of inflammation in mediating the interstitial collagen loss and LV dilation in the acute VO of ACF. Support: HL54816


The synthesis, characterization, and photophysical properties of several Pt(II) complexes of quinoxaline-2,3-dithiolate (qdt) and 6,7-dimethylquinoxaline-2,3-dithiolate (dmqdt) are described. Specifically, (TBA){sub 2}[Pt(qdt){sub 2}], where TBA = tetra-n-butylammonium, Pt(COD)(qdt), where COD = 1,5-cyclooctadiene, and Pt(phen)(qdt), where phen = 1,10-phenanthroline, and their dmqdt analogs have been prepared and examined with respect to their photophysical properties. Highly structured emission from Pt(COD)(qdt) in frozen glass solution at 77 K has been detected, having a major vibrational progression of 1370 cm{sup {minus}1} corresponding to a C=C stretching frequency of the quinoxalinedithiolate backbone. Solution luminescence from (TBA){sub 2}[Pt(qdt){sub 2}] and Pt(phen)(qdt) has been detected with quantum yields, {Phi}{sub em}, of 10{sup {minus}5} and 10{sup {minus}3}, respectively, although the latter is highly sensitive to solvent effects. The complex Pt(phen)(qdt) possesses a low-energy ({lambda}{sub max} = 497 nm in CHCl{sub 3}) absorption band assigned to a charge-transfer-to-diimine transition which exhibits a high degree of negative solvatochromism. Cyclic voltammetry was conducted on each of the complexes in order to probe further the nature of the HOMO and LUMO. From a simple thermochemical analysis, an excited state reduction potential of 1.14 V (vs NHE) has been estimated for Pt(phen)(qdt).


An improved four-wave-mixing method capable of measuring ultra-low values of the fourth-order dispersion coefficient in short highly nonlinear fibers is introduced and validated experimentally.


Cooperative induction of secondary anti-hapten antibody responses was studied by using non-cross-reactive carrier proteins, bacterial α-amylase (BαA), Taka-amylase A (TAA) and keyhole-limpet haemocyanin (KLH), and the 2,4-dinitrophenyl (DNP) and benzylpenicilloyl (BPO) groups as haptenic determinants.

Lymphoid cells obtained from mice primed with a hapten-carrier conjugate could be effectively stimulated with a hapten-heterologous carrier conjugate, provided that lymphoid cells primed to the heterologous carrier were also present. In the carrier-primed lymphoid cell population, helper activity of thymus-derived cells developed earlier following carrier immunization than did the capacity of antibody-forming cell precursors (AFCP) to produce an effective anti-carrier antibody response upon secondary stimulation. Attempts to generate hapten-specific helper cell activity were unsuccessful. Thus, cells primed to one haptenic determinant failed to exert a helper function with cells primed to a second hapten upon subsequent administration to the two haptens together on the same heterologous carrier molecule.

In order to distinguish among carrier determinant specificities which react with thymus-derived helper cells from those which react with bone marrow-derived AFCP, the capacity of various anti-carrier antibodies or antibody fragments to suppress either anti-carrier antibody production alone or together with helper cell function in adoptive secondary anti-hapten antibody responses was tested. In this system, it was found that 7S anti-carrier antibody suppressed the reaction of helper cells and carrier-specific AFCP such that both the anti-hapten and anti-carrier antibody responses were abrogated. By contrast, passively administered 3.5S fragments of anti-carrier antibodies selectively prevented the stimulation of carrier-specific AFCP to produce anti-carrier antibodies, but had no effect on the capacity of carrier-specific helper cells to facilitate the secondary anti-hapten antibody response. As expected, passively administered 7S anti-hapten antibodies selectively abrogated the production of anti-hapten, but not anti-carrier antibodies. These data are discussed in the context of suggesting that distinct determinant sites on carrier molecules are recognized independently by thymus-derived helper cells and by bone marrow-derived AFCP.


FACT: Rainfall INTENSITY and DURATION are responsible for ALL major floods in western Washington regardless of conditions prior to the event. Floods are the most destructive natural hazard in the Nation, causing more deaths and financial loss in the 20th century than any other natural disaster. The most significant 20 riverine floods of the 20th century for which data are available have killed more than 1,843 people and caused more than $50 billion (uninflated) in damages (Perry, 2000). One of the most common means of describing the severity of a flood is a comparison to the "100-year flood." In the last decade, increasing attention has been paid to the fact that some regions, notably the Pacific Northwest, have experienced numerous so-called "100-year" floods in the span of a few years. Part of the confusion stems from the statistical nature of the "100-year flood" (Greene, 1996); however, another part of the confusion is the fact that the statistics are calculated for specific sites (streamgages) on specific rivers, rather than for a region as a whole. Scientists with the U.S. Geological Survey have begun to investigate how the likelihood of flooding may be determined on a regional basis (Troutman and Karlinger, 2003).


Abstract Summary Most western contemporary legal systems are grounded in natural law principles established by modern humanism even though various alternatives, post-humanism being among the most influential, start influencing their understanding. In addition, the effect of the rapid pace of technological development on humanity has made the inherent limitations of its rules and other social arrangements manifest, as the use of technology is growingly used for human enhancement. The advocacy seeking to expand the catalogue of human rights and to cover transhumanism has started to bear fruit, but more conceptual developments are needed to lay the foundations for a more systemic regulatory development. This reflection paper focuses on the use of microchip implants, from among the augmentation practices that have recently flown under the radar of legal scientific research. These electronic devices re-shape the experience of being human and their various applications suggest that the penetration levels of capacity enhancing technologies will continue to be on the rise. It will discuss and clarify whether and to which extent transhumanism, personal rights and private autonomy are connected, and the former sufficiently covered by the right to bodily integrity (RBI). The reflection will rely on a comparative and interpretative approach based on the extant literature, national and European Union (EU) regulatory initiatives, and recent doctrinal developments found in case law.


OBJECTIVE:
To clarify the in vivo effect of an automatic embedding device on miniscrew stability.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
42 miniscrews were implanted into rabbit femurs. The miniscrews with the novel auxiliary device formed the auxiliary group (n = 11 at 4 weeks; n = 11 at 8 weeks) and the miniscrews without the auxiliary device formed the nonauxiliary control group (n = 9 at 4 weeks; n = 11 at 8 weeks). Cortical bone thickness, distance from the cortical bone surface to the miniscrew head, and implantation depth of the spike were measured using micro-computed tomography. The mechanical retention force was evaluated by measuring the displacement of the miniscrew head after it was loaded perpendicular to its long axis. In the lateral displacement test, effects of the auxiliary (with vs without auxiliary), and time (4 vs 8 weeks) were assessed using the Brunner-Langer nonparametric analysis of longitudinal data in factorial experiments.

RESULTS:
The mean implantation depth of the spike in the auxiliary group at 4 and 8 weeks was 0.28 mm (median: 0.33; SD: 0.12) and 0.37 mm (median: 0.33; SD: 0.19), respectively. The retention force was approximately 2.0 to 2.8 and 1.6 to 1.8 times greater in the auxiliary group than in the nonauxiliary group at 4 and 8 weeks, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS:
The auxiliary device improved the mechanical retention force without the need to increase miniscrew length or diameter. This may enable the safe use of miniscrews in difficult areas.


Resumen en: The Chihuahua-Sacramento valley is an area of 6 km wide by about 32 km in length, it is located from north to south. In the area, at least two zones exi...


Hypocrellin B, a photosensitizer isolated from Hypocrella Bambuase sacc in Yunnan province, has significant anti-tumor and anti-virus character. In this article, hypocrellin B, which was grafted on activated carbon, was used as photocatalysts to catalytic oxidize 2,3,5-trimethylphenol to 2,3,5-trimethylhydrobenzoquinone because of its high photons efficiency. This study realized nearly 100% selectivity for 2,3,5-trimethylhydrobenzoquinone under visible light irradiation (>400nm) at aerobic atmosphere. The photocatalytic oxidation process has been studied by different parameters like the pretreatment of activated carbon, synthetic mehtod of grafted hypocrellin, and photo-assisted oxidation catalysis of 2,3,5-trimethylphenol to 2,3,5-trimethylhdrobenzoquinone. Compared to the conventional methods, this process could be more eco-friendly.


the computational benefits of this bridge. We do not attempt to extensively assess each individual tool or address questions in each individual domain, such as optimizing the objective functions in PEST or calibrating WRF-Hydro to achieve the best set of model parameters. However, we appreciate the opportunity every much during the revision of this manuscript by learning more about PEST especially the method of regularization for calibrating environmental models. We are also very glad that the reviewers found the bridge we built useful for helping WRF-Hydro users with the long and tedious model calibration.


s of the meeting of the Belgian Society of Endocrinology (5 March 1988) L. Dejardin, J. Collette, I. Carlise & P. Franchimont To cite this article: L. Dejardin, J. Collette, I. Carlise & P. Franchimont (1988) Abstracts of the meeting of the Belgian Society of Endocrinology (5 March 1988), Acta Clinica Belgica, 43:3, 246-248, DOI: 10.1080/17843286.1988.11717939 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17843286.1988.11717939 Published online: 17 May 2016. Submit your article to this journal View related articles


This article presents the important advances in quality system supervised and regulated by various instances in Peru, as well as the need-in particular-to strengthen the professor role; focusing on the need to develop the digital skills of professors. But, for this, it is necessary to establish the baselines to develop strategies in working with the professors. The objective of this study is to present the results of the application of 343 engineering professors from the Continental University to the DigCompEdu Check-In, which allow us to identify the contribution of the dimensions and criteria of this framework. At the end, a discussion of results is carried out to contrast with various investigations related to the development of Engineering professors' digital skills.


This chapter aims to present different assessment methods in biomechanics applied to the dance field. The chapter begins by clarifying some biomechanical concepts to enhance understanding. Thus, the advantages and disadvantages of tests such as dynamic, kinematic, electromyographic, and inverse dynamic analysis will be discussed to provide information to dance professionals use in the field. At the end of the chapter, professionals who work with dancers may choose the most suitable test for the desired evaluation of their students and the equipment that can better fit into the dance school/studio infrastructure and budget.


A novel assembly was developed for hot-shock consolidations of powders. The under-water shock wave and the high-temperature preheating, which are considered as two effective ways to eliminate cracks, were combined in the system. In this work, a SHS (self-propagating high-temperature synthesis) reaction mixture was used as chemical furnace to preheat the precursor powder, and the water column as well as the explosive attached to it was detached from the furnace by a solenoid valve fixed on the slide guide. When the precursor powders were preheated to the designed temperature, the solenoid valve was switched on, and then the water column and the explosive slid down along the slide guide by gravity. At the moment the water container contacted with the lower part, the explosive was initiated, and the generated shock wave propagated through the water column to compact the powders. So the explosive and water column can be kept cool during the preheating process. The intensity of shock wave loading can be adjusted by changing the heights of water column. And the preheating temperature is controlled in the range of 700∼1300 °C by changing the mass of the SHS mixture. In this work, pure tungsten powders and tungsten-copper mixture were separately compacted using this new assembly. The pure tungsten powder with a grain size of 2 μm were compacted to high density (96 %T.D.) at 1300 °C, and the 90W-10Cu (wt pct) mixtures were compacted to 95.3 %T.D. at 970 °C. The results showed that both samples were free of cracks. The consolidated specimens were then characterized using SEM analysis and micro-hardness testing.


The subjects used in the present study were undergraduate students enrolled in lower division psychology courses. The sample consisted of 40 students (25 females, 15 males). The SIT and the SILS were administered individually to each subject with a 45-day interval between the first test and the retest on both instruments. The correlation coefficients were computed by use of the Pearson product-moment technique. The correlation between SIT IQ scores and SILS raw scores derived from the initial testing was .46. An analysis of the results of the second testing between the same instruments revealed a coefficient of .54. Test-retest reliability coefficients of .83 and .80 were obtained for the SIT and SILS measures. All four coefficients were significant beyond the .01 level.


The purpose of my research is to investigate the processes and mechanisms of semantic change in two basic colour terms: green in English and zielony in Polish.
My research methodology focuses on existing English and Polish corpora, namely the British National Corpus, the Corpus of Contemporary American English and the National Corpus of Polish. I analyze my data both synchronically and diachronically (comparing two periods of time: 1985-1994, 2001-2010). My study also evaluates the use of corpus evidence for the purpose of investigating the processes of semantic change.
Various factors have caused the Basic Colour Terms (BCTs) green and zielony to form metaphorical and metonymical meanings that have been conventionalised in English and Polish respectively. These processes have long played an important role in our understanding of the surrounding world. Investigating semantic changes in these two colour terms and two periods of time is key to my cross-cultural research, and this entails answering the questions: Why do green and zielony develop different senses? What are the similarities and differences between these two colour terms? How have these two terms developed and might they develop new senses in future? Are metonymy and metaphor the only mechanisms of semantic change in green and zielony?
The semantic change of each colour term is shown through a network of meanings, where all the different meanings of green and zielony are presented together with their stages of development in the form of codes. Additionally each stage is a separate prototype. The aim of the network is to show the etymological prototype and various senses (new prototypes) developing from this original sense. Moreover the number of occurrences of each prototype might indicate which meaning or meanings are most common or even central in a given language at a certain point in time. The network of meanings is a visual representation of semantic change and processes involved in it.
A very detailed analysis of corpus examples provides an insight into the uses of green and zielony in English and Polish respectively. The data are analyzed both qualitatively and quantitatively. Such an approach offers a thorough analysis of the two terms in question.