In the important period of strategic opportunity,colleges and universites are supposed to realize the strategic goals and objectives of educational development in the 16th National Congress of the CPC,on the basis of the scientific development concept in order to carry out the important thought of "Three Represents",growing with each passing day and strengthening and improving the Party construction.By means of new concepts as well as new challenges positively and answer the new problems exactly so as to reach the new standard and create the new situation of the Party construction.


This article introduced the advantages of steel sleeve extrusion connection technology,  the quality defects and prevention  measures  of  ribbed reinforced steel sleeve in the process of construction, put forward the main measures of steel sleeve extrusion connection technology in the construction.


Summary The type and distribution of esterases in milk has been investigated using selective inhibitors during normal assay procedures and during histochemical staining of polyacrylamide gels. Enzyme solutions were obtained from skim-milk by acid and alkali precipitation, followed by ammonium sulphate fractionation, ultra-filtration and Sephadex G-100 chromatography. The major type of esterase present was an aryl-esterase (E.C. 184.108.40.206) while a smaller amount of a choline-ester hydrolase (E.C. 188.8.131.52; 188.8.131.52) was detected. The significance of these findings is discussed.


This study looked about current standard and problems for existing public use businesses and new kind ones, compared and analyzed domestic and foreign safety standard of public use business, established an efficient basic plan for safety management, and by making a fire reduction measurement and investigating & analyzing related laws of domestic and foreign public use, investigated problems in fire safety laws and analyzed what the problems to continuously increase occurrences of large-scale fires and damages of life are. This paper proposes methods to improve safety management to problems including construction for safety and management structure, clarification for selecting persons in charge of safety management, effective execution of fire safety education and an environmental improvement for rescue and evacuation of public use business.


This study utilized sweet corn planted on the Robert Wiggin Farm, Stratham, N.H. on 22 Jun '84. Each plot consisted of a single 30-ft row of corn and each treatment was replicated 4 times and arranged in a randomized block design. The treatments were applied by spraying the silk zone on each side of the row on 16, 20, 24 and 28, Aug, '84 using a B & G CO2 pressurized (40 p.s.i.) single nozzle hand-held sprayer that delivered 29 gal/acre. Evaluation of the percentage of injury to the ears by the corn earworm, European corn borer, and fall armyworm was made at harvest time on 31 Aug '84.


Based on the judgement on the existing of whether leading functional group or unleading functional group,if unleading exists,what about its bond type,with these pre-classification information,a new classification methods and uint structure model which can reflect the name,composition,stucture and function was put forward in this paper.With the combination of the new system and model,the deeper understanding and the recognition of high performance concrete admixture will be acquired.


Two Brassicaceae novelties are reported from Iran. Erysimum hezarense (Erysimeae) is described and illustrated as a newly discovered species. It resembles E. subulatum , E. laxiflorum and E. iraqense but can be readily distinguished by the indumentum of stem, leaves and pedicels; bicolor petals; and number of flowers on the main inflorescence. It is also separated geographically being restricted to Hezar mts. (prov. Kerman, South Iran) where none of the related species occurs. Because of the very limited distribution and high risk of its habit destruction, inclusion of E. hezarense into IUCN Red List with a status vulnerable (VU) is proposed. Besides, Rhammatophyllum gaudanense (Euclidieae) is reported from NE Iran representing the first record of the genus for the country. Contrary, the previous record of R. gaudanense  from Afghanistan is considered doubtful and not confirmed. Detailed morphological description, illustration and synonymy of R. gaudanense is provided along with the key differences from the closely related taxa. Distribution maps for both E. hezarense and R. gaudanense are given.


Abstract Since at least Kruszewski (1881) it has been taken as an important task to sort out the alternations that involve morphology from those that are purely phonological. This dichotomy is largely followed by Natural Phonology (NP, cf. Donegan and Stampe 2009 for example), and by Generative Phonotactics (Singh 1987). Both these approaches insist on a strict delimitation (not a gradient one) between phonological and morphological phenomena. In this paper, I will first re-examine the problem of domain delimitation (Singh 1991) within NP by bringing in a more systematic use of the criterion of semioticity, which is not as often cited (but see Dressler 1980; Zwicky 1982; Ford and Singh 1983) but deserves attention. In order to do this, it will help to look at a case that is universally deemed to be clear: Final Devoicing in German. Because the delimitation of phonology from morphology is essential both for synchrony and diachrony (to classify alternations and to understand their transitions from one module to the other), I will then turn to diachrony for additional support for the criterion of semioticity as well as spell out how it can help us understand the phenomenon of morphologization.


Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) hold great promise as easily accessible biomarkers for diverse (patho)physiological processes, including aging. We have compared miRNA expression profiles in cell-free blood from older versus young breast cancer patients, in order to identify "aging miRNAs" that can be used in the future to monitor the impact of chemotherapy on the patient's biological age. First, we assessed 175 miRNAs that may possibly be present in serum/plasma in an exploratory screening in 10 young and 10 older patients. The top-15 ranking miRNAs showing differential expression between young and older subjects were further investigated in an independent cohort consisting of another 10 young and 20 older subjects. Plasma levels of miR-20a-3p, miR-30b-5p, miR106b, miR191 and miR-301a were confirmed to show significant age-related decreases (all p≤0.004). The remaining miRNAs included in the validation study (miR-21, miR-210, miR-320b, miR-378, miR-423-5p, let-7d, miR-140-5p, miR-200c, miR-374a, miR376a) all showed similar trends as observed in the exploratory screening but these differences did not reach statistical significance. Interestingly, the age-associated miRNAs did not show differential expression between fit/healthy and non-fit/frail subjects within the older breast cancer cohort of the validation study and thus merit further investigation as true aging markers that not merely reflect frailty.


Compound properties have not generally been quantitatively associated with a specific change in the elastomer rheology during mixing. In the present work different macromolecular patterns are related to the reduction in viscosity of the elastomer as a function of strain. Deformation history is investigated in terms of transient shear flow and the nonlinear response of a highly branched SBR gum elastomer from emulsion polymerization is compared with those obtained using styrenebutadiene random copolymers with controlled architecture and comparable Mooney Torque (linear, star branched, randomly branched). The occurrence of multiple overshoots during start-up of steady shear, to be associated with chain stretch and hierarchical relaxations, is discussed in terms of nonlinear rheology.


Ice thickness, computed within the fjord region of Byrd Glacier on the assumptions that Byrd Glacier is in mass-balance equilibrium and that ice velocity is entirely due to basal sliding, are on average 400 m less than measured ice thicknesses along a radio-echo profile. We consider four explanations for these differences: (1) active glacier ice is separated from a zone of stagnant ice near the base of the glacier by a shear zone at depth; (2) basal melting rates are some 8 m/yr; (3) internal shear occurs with no basal sliding in much of the region above the grounding zone; or (4) internal creep and basal sliding contribute to the flow velocity in varying proportions above the grounding zone. Large gradients of surface strain rate seem to invalidate the first explanation. Computed values of basal shear stress (140 to 200 kPa) provide insufficient factional heat to melt the ice demanded by the second explanation. Both the third and fourth explanations were examined by making simplifying assumptions that prevented a truly quantitative evaluation of their merit. Nevertheless, there is no escaping the qualitative conclusion that internal shear contributes strongly to surface velocities measured on Byrd Glacier, as is postulated in both these explanations.


Activity-based costing (ABC) as an innovation of traditional costing method, overcomes the disadvantages of traditional costing method and meets the need of enterprise budget management. In this paper, we summarized research achievements at home and abroad, emphasized the advantages of ABC by comparing the ABC and traditional costing method. Furthermore, we gave a conclusion that ABC is a scientific management accounting tool, and it is bound to occupy an important position in the cost control of Chinese enterprises.


?Volunteers or "quintos"? Recruitment and desertion in the First Carlist War The history of Carlism is based on a full range of reference books, most of them with a romantic slant and scarcely documented. In spite of these severe lacks, the study of Carlist Army has great interest. It provides important keys for understanding not only the conflict chronology, but also the Carlism supports as social movement. Basically, the Carlist Army was organised by the system of levies. Nevertheless, there was a minor group of volunteers too. The levies faced a strong popular opposition. In many cases, resistance also came from local institutions. The 99 00. II Actas carlismo 1 9/6/09 13:41 Pagina 99


Abstract Different methods have been used suscessfully for the removal of organic matter in wastewaters. Conventional treatments are frequently used in Cuba. However, the Oxidation Channel, constitutes a very simple aerobic treatment and it has been never used in Cuba. This paper presents an evaluation of the behaviour of this biological reactor in Cuban climatic conditions. Conventional parameters for wastewaters were determined and the obtaining results were promising.


Plant growth regulators (PGRs) are used to control excessive plant growth in potted crops to improve quality and compactness for shipping and display. Pineapple lily (Eucomis sp.), a recent introduction to the potted crop market, can have excessive foliage growth and inflorescence height making the use of PGRs desirable. Bulbs of 'Leia' pineapple lily were forced in the greenhouse and drenched at leaf whorl emergence with three PGRs at five different concentrations: 1) flurprimidol (0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 4.0 mg per 6.5-inch pot), 2) uniconazole (0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 4.0 mg/pot), or 3) paclobutrazol (0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0 and 8.0 mg/pot) and an untreated control. As concentration increased, days to anthesis increased and foliage height decreased for each PGR. Paclobutrazol (4.0 and 8.0 mg/pot), uniconazole (4.0 mg/pot), and flurprimidol (2.0 and 4.0 mg/pot) treatments resulted in excessive stunting with none of the plants being marketable. Flurprimidol had the greatest influence on plant growth among all the PGRs. Acceptable concentrations for each PGR are paclobutrazol at 0.5 to 2.0 mg/pot, uniconazole at 0.25 to 2.0 mg/pot, and flurprimidol at 0.5 to 1.0 mg/pot based on percentage of marketable plants and foliage and inflorescence height suppression without excessively increasing the number of days to anthesis.


A novel, "all-in-one", multifunctional microsphere with a fluorescent mesoporous silica shell (Rhodamine B coordinate receptor inside) and a magnetic core (Fe3O4) has been successfully fabricated using a sol–gel method and small molecular (CTAB) surfactants as structure-directing agents. At the same time, they were examined for environmental protection applications to detect, adsorb and remove Hg2+ in aqueous solution. The prepared nanocomposite microspheres were fluorescent, mesoporous, and magnetizable, with a diameter of 300–450 nm, a surface area of 600 m2 g−1, a pore size of 2.5 nm, and a saturation magnetization of 27.5 emu g−1. These multifuctional microspheres showed excellent fluorescence sensitivity and selectivity towards Hg2+ over other metal ions (Na+, Mg2+, Mn2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Zn2+, Cd2+, Ag+, Pb2+ and Cu2+). Upon the addition of Hg2+, an overall emission change of 16-fold was observed, and the detection limit of Hg2+ was as low as 10 ppb. The adsorption process of Hg2+ on the microspheres was well described by the Langmuir equation. The equilibrium can be established within five minutes and the adsorption capacity was 21.05 mg g−1. The concentration of Hg2+ ions can be reduced to less than 0.05 ppm and the used microspheres can be easily separated from the mixture by adding an external magnetic field. These results suggest that these "all-in-one" multifunctional nanocomposites are potentially useful materials for simultaneously rapidly detecting and recovering dangerous pollutants in aqueous solution.


In July 2009 the European Commission replaced its 'old' Communication on the application of State aid rules to public service broadcasting (OJ 2001 C 320/5; hereafter: Broadcasting Communication 2001) by a modernised Broadcasting Communication (hereafter: new Communication). The new Communication is based on experiences gained in its—often very controversial—decision making practice, which takes into consideration the technological changes of the present and the future media environment. During the last 30 years broadcasting has undergone major changes. In the 1980s the broadcasting market was gradually opened to competition and Member States started to allow private operators to broadcast. Since then private competitors still seem to struggle against their main competitors, that is, the State funded public service broadcasters which have vast financial means at their disposal. In some Member States the funding of public broadcasters amounts literally to billions of Euros. In the first place, private competitors complain about the very wide scope of public broadcasters' activities, especially criticising that this also includes purely commercial programmes, like entertainment and sports. It is indeed often surprising that some Member States still try to label endless soap operas, reality shows, gossip programmes, and martial arts as a 'public service'. In addition, the private competitors' concerns focus on the possibility given to public broadcasters to generate significant advertising revenues in addition to their State funding which distorts the prices of advertising below a price level which is in line with normal market conditions. This reduces the revenue of private competitors, whereas public broadcasters are in a position to compensate the resulting lower revenues by their own public compensation. After many years of debate, the Commission first adopted the Broadcasting Communication 2001, which set out the framework governing State funding of public service broadcasting. Since then, the Commission has become very active in this field and has meanwhile adopted over 20 decisions concerning the financing of public service broadcasters, which have further clarified the application of the rules (an overview of this decision can be found at ,http://ec.europa. eu/competition/sectors/media/decisions_psb.pdf. ). In the meantime, technological changes have fundamentally altered the broadcasting and audiovisual market. There has been a multiplication of distribution platforms and technologies, such as digital television, IPTV, mobile TV, and video on demand. Again, due to their unrivalled financial strength, many public channels were able to make enormous investments in these fields, thereby enabling them to stay at the forefront of these technological developments, in particular in the field of online services. As a result of this process, on 2 July 2009 the European Commission adopted after extensive public consultations a revised Broadcasting Communication based on its recent decision making practice in individual cases.


The exhibition, mani—The Lost Religion of Light, hosted by the Chester Beatty Library to coincide with the Seventh International Conference of Manichaean Studies (Dublin), was the first public exhibition on this subject and a first for the iams. The exhibition raised many issues regarding the interpretation of such complex material; for the small academic community which knew its contents well and therefore might find an exhibition aimed at the general public a gross reduction of years of academic toil to crass simplification; for the general public who may not have engaged with such material before and for whom the subject matter, Mani, was a novelty and his religion, an esoteric concoction of unbelievably complex belief systems. While prima facie the exhibition had to take into accountwhat the texts represented for the history of philosophy and ideas, it also needed to explain how Alfred Chester Beatty (1875–1968) had acquired such material. The exhibition however had other stories to tell concerning the modern history of the collection and the extraordinary efforts made by its owner, several academics and, most importantly, the original conservators, all of whom helped preserve these ancientmanuscripts and bring their contents to light. The collection's later history during the Second World War and its aftermath proved to be the most accessible element for the public and the press. Modern students of Manichaeism owe a profound debt to Chester Beatty for his preservation of these ancient texts. His library holds the world's largest collection of Mani's writings in the Coptic language and while the collection hasbeenknown to the scholarly community since its discovery in the late 1920s, its existence was largely unnoticed and its importance unappreciated by the general public.


This study aimed to test the influence of non performing loans, quality assets, liquidity, and rentability towards the capital adequacy ratio. The data used in this research was the publication of annual financial report of banking registered in BEI during the period 2008-2013. The population in this research was conventional banking companies registered in BEI. Sample method in this study was using the purposive sampling method. Retrieved number of sample was 17 companies. the method of data analysis used in this research was multiplied linear regression alongside with a significant level (α) was 0,05. The results of this research showed that the NPL, liquidity, and rentability partially do not have an influence on CAR. While the quality assets measured using NPA ratio was negatively significant to the CAR.


A preliminary account of Entolomataceae from Costa Rica is presented. Three new taxa are described, two inClitopilus, one inRhodocybe, and three new combinations are proposed inInocephalus. Five taxa ofClitopilus are reported for the first time from Costa Rica and a key to species is provided. Four species ofRhodocybe are discussed and a key to the six species known from Costa Rica is also provided.Alboleptonia earlei, Inocephalus murraii, Inocephalus quadratum, Rhodocybe incarnata andRhodocybe pseudonitellina are now known to occur in Costa Rica.


To investigate the time course of anticholinergic drug use in nursing home residents and assess if any temporal change in anticholinergic use varied by nursing home quality rating.


Ca(2+)chelator(EGTA),Ca(2+) channel blocker(La(3+)or verapmil) and Ca(2+) ionophore A23187 were separately injected into the primary seedling leaves of wheat(Triticum aestivum cv.Lovrin 10) immediately before the leaves were inoculated with an incompatible race 366 of leaf rust(Puccinia recondite f.sp.tritici) in order to study their effects on the activities of PAL, POD and HR,which are important defense responses of host cells in the interaction of wheat-leaf rust.The results showed that the calcium inhibition reagents could partly inhibite the three defense responses.The higher the concentration,the stronger the inhibition.The Ca(2+) ionophore A23187 could induce the three defense responses as leaf rusts.These suggested that the influx of extracellular Ca(2+)is essential conditions for the induction of defense response by leaf rust infection.In other words,Ca(2+)may be involved in the signal transduction of the induction of defense response by leaf rust fungus.This thesis supplied the pharmic evidences.


Thirty chalcone derivatives were synthesized via a base catalyzed Claisen Schmidt condensation and evaluated for their anti-methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) activity alone and in combination with norfloxacin. Among these, 5 derivatives namely trans-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)-1-(4′-benzyloxyphenyl)-2-propen-1-one (2), 1-(4″-biphenyl)-3-(3′4′-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-propen-1-one (11), 1-(4″-hydroxy-3″-methylphenyl)3-(4′-hydroxyphenyl)-2-propen-1-one (14), 3-(4′-chlorophenyl)-1-(4″-hydroxyphenyl)2-propen-1-one (17), and LTG-oxime (27) showed significant antibacterial activity with MIC 12.5–50 µg mL−1 respectively. In combination studies, derivatives 2 and 14 significantly reduced the MIC of norfloxacin by up to 16 fold (FICI < 0.5), while derivatives 11, 17 and 27 reduced it by up to eight fold (FICI ≤ 0.5). Flow cytometry analysis results clearly indicated that derivatives 2 and 14 significantly promote the accumulation and inhibition of the Et-Br efflux, which was further validated through spectrofluorimeter using clinical isolate MRSA-ST2071. In systemically infected Swiss albino mice model, both the compounds significantly (P < 0.001, P < 0.01) lowered the systemic bacterial load in blood, liver, kidney, lung and spleen tissues. This study supports the promising use of chalcones in the development of economical antibacterial combinations.


Increasing the intensity of the production process is directly related to improving the quality of human life. Today, there is a need for a quick and flexible response to changing consumer priorities. The solution to this complex problem is taken over by logistics. The logistics process is a sequence of operations that are organized in a certain way in time, allowing you to achieve your goals. The subject of the study of the logistics process is the organization, coordination, and optimization of the movement of material and related flows. The structure of the logistics process includes the following links: natural resources; mining; recycling; storage; distribution; transpor- tation of products. A simulation model of the logistics chain consisting of the above-listed links has been devel- oped. Resources are an energy source that feeds the logistics chain and ensures the movement of the material flow. Recycling transformation, transformation of resources into a specific type of product. Transport repre- sents active losses. Storage the delay in the movement of the material flow for the duration of storage. Distribu- tion costs for the trading sector. Mathematical models for studying the intensity of production processes using the Mathcad program are developed. The analysis was carried out: of a market model of the intensity of the flows of the production process of the market economy with a different resource bases; of a planned model of the inten- sity of the flows of the production process of the planned economy with different resource bases.


Accurate semi-automated and fully automated segmentation and quantification of organs are possible with Definiens Cognition Network Technology® by providing a framework for rapid development and scalable execution of image analysis solutions. Definiens Cognition Network Technology® combines pixel process techniques, with iterative, context-based object or segment generation and classification processes using a semantic knowledge base. Together with Merck Definiens co-developed a prototype application that demon strates the ability to automatically and semi-automatically identify and recognize organs and tumors in DICoM (Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine) ima ges. The application is designed to enable fast and easy annotation of lung tumors or other user-defined regions of interest. Flexible controls allow the annotation of structures of the user's choice. once a user has clicked on a region of interest, in one two-dimensional (2D) slice, the application builds out the object three-dimensionally (3D) and calculates the volume, length, width and thickness of the tumor. Background With the advent of high speed and thin slice imaging equipment the quality of Computed Tomography (CT) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) images has dramatically improved. Today, high quality CT images, especially in combinati on with Fluorodeoxyglucose – Positron Emission Tomography (FDg-PET) or similar techniques, increasingly allow for a reliable recognition of primary tumor, lymph nodes or other metastases in oncology trials. Similar possibilities apply for neurology (MRI) and other therapeutic areas.


Beacuse of the wide variations in soil and waste characteristics, the degree of radionuclide retention would be expected to vary; knowledge of that variation may be of value in predicting radionuclde mobility. This report discusses results of investigations of radioactive waste/soil interactions as they relate to radionucldie retention and its variability among soils and radionuclides. In soil column leaching studies, radioactive waste solutions were applied to four different soil types; /sup 241/Am, /sup 88/Y, and /sup 172/Hf were retained in the top four cm of soil with better than 90% retained by a protective surface sand layer. Less than 50% of the /sup 85/Sr, /sup 137/Cs, and /sup 83/Rb was retained by the surface sand. No /sup 88/Y, /sup 172/Hf, /sup 85/Sr, /sup 137/Cs, or /sup 83/Rb was detected by gamma counting in the leachate solutions, however, using a more sensitive analytical technique small amounts of /sup 238/Pu, /sup 239/ /sup 240/Pu and /sup 241/Am were found in leachates from all soils. It appears that release of this small fraction of mobile radionuclide may have a significant long-term impact on the environment. It aslo appears that reliance for attenuation of some radionuclides can not be placed solely on characteristics ofmore » the soil matrix.« less


There has been much debate over the physical mechanism for producing global coronal waves ('EIT waves'). In this work, we investigate whether filament eruptions are directly associated with coronal waves. We analyse 45 coronal waves and search for evidence of filament eruptions. We used SOHOEIT data, and EIT data along with any available ground-based Hα data to search for filament eruptions, and found that more than 50 % of coronal waves are clearly associated with eruptions. The speeds of the coronal waves, and the filament eruptions are similar. We discuss the implications of these results.


Shyness is a common psychological phenomenon, but excessive shyness can bring some negative impact on adolescent physical and mental development, such as internet addiction, social anxiety, habitual shyness and other psychological disorders. For the explanation of production mechanism of shyness, Personality school emphasizes genetic of shyness; Behavioral school focuses on the "wrong" behavioral response of postnatal learning; Psychoanalysis school attaches importance to the external expression of inner confl ict; Social cognitive school pays more attention to the interaction effect between self factors and environmental factors. Accepting the sensitivity difference of adolescents to avoid pasting the label, enhancing adolescents self-confi dence and training their social skills, concerning on adolescents inner confl ict so as to improve their self-awareness, fostering adolescents socialist core values to lead them to rebuilding self-esteem and so on, all these educational strategies can effectively help adolescents improve and overcome their shyness, promoting the development of adolescent healthy in body and mind.


The manuscript deals with the water and heat balances of the Eastern Mediterranean (EMed). The balances are assessed by interpreting observational data within a process-oriented modeling approach that was previously applied to the Baltic Sea. This appears to be a complex project, which requires taking into account a wealth of observational data from a variety of sources. Output is (monthly and yearly average) time series of inand outflow through the Sicily Channel, surface and 500 m temperatures and salinities, and evaporation, furthermore a heat balance for the EMed. However, I find in the manuscript much to criticize, from inadequate information to inconsisten-


The coordinated development of higher education and regional economy can be studied by establishing long ‐ term stable relationship model, endogenous rectification mechanism and testing interaction. Based on the Co ‐ integration theory, this paper selects data of the number of students in ordinary colleges and universities and the regional GDP in Shanghai from 1978 to 2015, creating Co ‐ integration equations, establishing error correction models, and conducting Granger causality test. After conducting the empirical test, it is found that there is a clear coordination between higher education and regional economic growth. And for the short ‐ term fluctuations, spontaneous correction control can be returned to the long ‐ term equilibrium state, but the contribution rate of higher education to regional economic development still needs to be improved.


In order to encourage autonomy of college students in their studies and help them develop towards autonomy in their life-long learning, it is vital to study autonomous learning in college English instruction. After analysis of definitions of autonomous learning and a series of college English textbooks as well as based on the autonomous factors of Gardner and Miller, this paper proposes some methods of autonomous learning which are suitable to college English instruction. This paper shows the result that if the autonomous learning strategies can be implemented with college English texts, autonomy of learners and effectiveness of college English instruction can be increased greatly.


This thesis discusses the economic implications of Internet behavioral advertising, which targets ads to individuals based on extensive detailed data about the specific websites users have visited. Previous literature on behavioral advertising has f ocused almost exclusively on privacy issues; there has been less study of how it might affect in dustry structure. This thesis examines which parties in the online advertising value chain would benefit the most from the demand for detailed behavioral data; in particular, it examines whether aggregators (such as advertising networks) that track behavior across a large number of websit s would derive the greatest benefit. Qualitative stakeholder analysis is used to identif y the strengths and weaknesses of several categories of actors: advertisers, advertising agen cies, publishers, advertising networks, advertising exchanges, Internet service providers, and users. Advertising agencies might attempt to bypass networks and work directly with publisher s, becoming aggregators in their own right. Publishers might need to become interactive "inform ation experiences" in order to collect valuable behavioral data. Users might demand more transparency about what is happening with their data, or even more control over the data coll e tion process. Overall, agencies, networks, and advertising exchanges appear to be in the best position; publishers are faced with a harder task. Furthermore, behavioral targeting may not re sult in a dramatic increase in overall online advertising spending. Thesis Supervisor: David D. Clark Title: Senior Research Scientist Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Labora t y


Abstract In the Canadian Arctic Archipelago marine Permian and Triassic strata are part of a thick sequence deposited within the Sverdrup Basin. Although structurally concordant the Permian and Triassic beds are separated by a substantial regional unconformity. The youngest Permian rocks beneath this unconformity are probably early Gaulalupian. They are certainly not of latest Permian age. The oldest Triassic rocks contain Otoceras and are correlated with the Otoceras woodwardi Zone and are thus as old as the rocks that define the base of the Triassic System. Evidently an interval of erosion or non-deposition occurred between the Permian and Triassic; the period of time that is not represented by sediment is entirely within the Permian.


This paper describes the new subcritical assembly called DELPHI at Delft University of Technology. It consists of two vessels one upon the other, and contains 168 fuel pins made of 3.8 % enriched UO2 fuel. The upper acrylic vessel is used to store the fuel pins when the assembly is not in use. With a special handling tool the fuel pins can be loaded into the water-filled steel vessel. The source is stored in a shielding box below the steel vessel and can be inserted pneumatically up to a height of 2 cm below the fuel zone of the pins. DELPHI became operational at the beginning of 2004 and will be used for training of students and reactor operators from the Netherlands and abroad and for basic research on reactivity determination methods.


Between 2012 and 2015, a field experiment was conducted at the Brody Experimental Farm, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poland. The following two experimental factors were used in duplicate: calcium sulfate (CaSO4) fertilization—two levels (0 and 500 kg ha−1); and potassium (K) fertilization—four levels (0, 30, 60, and 120 kg ha−1). The soil pH (in H2O) and enzyme activity (dehydrogenase, acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase) were determined. The potassium fertilizer had a significant influence only on the dehydrogenase activity, which increased with the dose of potassium. The research showed that the fertilization of the sward mixture of alfalfa and grasses with potassium doses of 60 and 120 kg ha−1 in the K 60 and K 120 combinations resulted in higher yields of fresh matter than in the combination without the potassium fertilizer (K 0). In the last year of the research, the additional CaSO4 fertilization resulted in the highest increase in the yield of the mixture of alfalfa and grasses, as compared with the variant without this fertilizer. The application of this fertilizer in the first years of the research also increased the yield of fresh matter.


Much of the effort devoted to learning any science is the acquisition of and familiarization with a novel vocabulary. Statistics is no different. Learning the terminology can be challenging because the definition of one term often assumes some working knowledge of other terms, not all of which can be defined at the same time. For example, to explain a boxplot, one must already know the meaning of a mean, median, a quartile, and an outlier. In this chapter, we introduce some of the key terms in statistics, and in the process overview what is termed descriptive statistics. In some cases, only the definitions are given, leaving a more complete explanation of the phenomena to a later section of the text. This approach can create some confusion for the student, but we feel that it is best to obtain at least a partial appreciation for the language before moving on to more substantive topics. After developing some mathematical tools, we reconsider the data set by discussing the concept of a distribution. We then define parametric and non-parametric statistics and give a brief introduction to the two major phases of statistical processes—estimation and inference. We end by providing an overview of descriptive statistics, followed by a section on miscellaneous terminology. With the two exceptions notes below, all the mathematics needed to understand most of this text may be found in a high school or lower division college algebra course. A rudimentary knowledge of calculus is helpful to understand fully some of the advanced—but optional—sections. The two exceptions to this rule are the summation operator and the product operator.


110 women participated in a survey administered by a psychologist about their opinion on delivery, the planning of pregnancy, life-style changes, adoption, and abortion when the mother's life was threatened. 30 women had serious heart disorders prior to pregnancy. The age of this group to be referred to as Kr1 ranged between 20-37. 40 women aged 23-39 belonged to group Kr2 who had had at least 2 previous induced abortions, and the last group (Ko) consisted of 40 women aged 20-34 with normal pregnancy. Women with high-risk pregnancy (Kr1, Kr2 groups) differed significantly from the women with normal pregnancy in the following respects: the present pregnancy was more often planned, (23 patients or 76.6% in group Kr1, 22 subjects or 55% in group Kr2, and 13 or 32.5% in group Ko); they less frequently planned subsequent pregnancies, more often they changed their life style during pregnancy (change of diet and amount of rest, abandonment of regular activities, and seeking medical advice). Most women anticipated labor with anxiety (25 subjects or 83.3% of women in group Kr1, 31 or 77.5% in group Kr2, and 34 or 85% in group Ko). Women who had had spontaneous abortions were less inclined to adopt a child in case of childlessness (18 persons or 60% said yes in group Kr1, 17 or 42.5% in group Kr2, and 30 or 75% in group Ko). 23 women or 57.5% in group Kr2 were against it. The two groups of pregnant women did not differ significantly in respect of their attitude towards induced abortion: most were against it unless the life of the mother was threatened (18 women or 60% in group Kr1, 28 or 70% in Kr2, and 25 or 62.5% in group Ko). Only 1 woman or 2.5% of the group who had had previous abortions favored induced abortion. As labor presented high risk to the health and life of the mother according to the opinion of cardiologists, 8 women (26.7%) in this group was dissuaded from continuing their pregnancy and its termination was advised. The women with high risk pregnancy were more determined to become mothers than those with normal pregnancy. Fear and other negative emotions influenced the course of pregnancy and delivery, therefore women with high-risk pregnancy may need psychoprophylactic therapy.


Methods We tested 354 plasma samples of RhD negative mothers (range 10-38 wks). In the first pilot phase (2008-2012) 281 samples were tested for RHD exon 10 only. In the second phase (2012-2014) 73 samples were tested for three RHD exons (5, 7 and 10) together with DNA from buccal swabs of RhD negative mothers. 40 samples of maternal blood (range 7-32 wks) were also tested for fetal gender since 2012. Fetal DNA was isolated from 1ml of maternal plasma by QIAamp Circulating Nucleic Acid Kit (Qiagen, Germany) and fetal status was determined by RT-PCR method.


Field experiments were carried out to study the response of two lentil varieties to varying sowing dates in a split plot design with three replications, in which varieties were assigned to main plots and sowing dates to sub plots. The study was conducted at Enewari research site of Debre Birhan agricultural research center for three consecutive years (2007 - 2009) on two soil types. The results showed that no significant difference between varieties for grain yield. However, variety Alemaya produced highest grain yields of 1.3 t/ha and 1.22 t/ha from fifth (30-July) sowing date on heavy and relatively light Vertisols respectively. On the other hand, the local variety produced highest grain yields of 1.4 t/ha and 1.06 t/ha on the fifth and six sowing dates on heavy and relatively light Vertisols respectively. Grain yield proportionally increased with increasing biological yield in different sowing dates on both soil types. On heavy Vertisol varieties responded differently to the changes of sowing dates. Variety Alemaya had responded to a wider sowing dates. Early August to mid-August sowing found to be optimum for local variety. On light Vertisol, the functional relationship was unexplained for both varieties. In general, heavy Vertisol gave higher responses than relatively light vertisol throughout most parameters and levels tested.


Abstract The design of sampling from finite populations is receiving increased attention in the statistical literature. This article presents a critical review of past studies and new developments and outlines areas meriting further study and research. Bayesian and non-Bayesian approaches are analyzed but are not offered in a normative manner. Both points of view and the extent to which they provide differences in survey sample design are discussed and examined. These differences are highlighted in stratification procedures, stratified sampling allocation, multivariate designs, and designs with varying inclusion probabilities.


A self-normalizing subgroup is always self-centralizing, but the converse is not necessarily true. Given a finite group G, we denote by w(G) the number of all self-centralizing subgroups of G which are not self-normalizing. We observe that w(G) = 0 if and only if G is abelian, and that if G is nonabelian nilpotent then w(G) ≥ 3. We also prove that if w(G) ≤ 20 then G is solvable. Finally, we provide structural information in the case when w(G) ≤ 3. Mathematics Subject Classification (2010). 20D25, 20D15, 20E07.


A wideband 180 degree phase shifter has been designed to operate in 3-5 GHz bandwidth. Transitions from microstrip -to coplanar waveguide (CPW) -to microstrip lines are used to realize the structure. This phase shifter has a good return loss in specified frequency range and also it has 180 degree phase shift with low value of 6 degrees phase error. Simulation and measurement results show acceptable performance of the proposed structure to use in related applications such as binary phase shift keying (BPSK) modulators and feeding networks in phase array antennas.


Shakespeare often modulates from verse to prose or vice verse in his plays so as to serve different purposes and achieve various dramatic effects. The subject of his alternation of expressive forms is both complex and fascinating. For centuries, critics have been writing on the themes, plots, vocabulary and poetic language of Shakespeare's plays, neglecting his use of prose in them. This essay, therefore, makes a tentative analysis of prose in Shakespeare's plays.


Based on analysis of BFG production,storage and usage,dynamic mathematic model of BFG supply and consumption system in iron and steel plant was set up,simulation software of BFG system was designed,and the BFG system of a certain iron and steel plant was taken as an example to calculate.Simulation results show that BFG has a little surplus under normal production condition of three blast furnaces and BFG user.If production of blast furnaces and BFG user have fluctuated simultaneously,dynamic balance of BFG will be beyond adjustable range,although BFG is balanceable statically for a period of time.The simulation system can be used to evaluation of schedule scheme according to simulating effect of schedule scheme.


Chaos theory, better known as hidden-order or dynamical systems theory, is a new way to think about order that can illuminate fragmentation and nonlinearity in literature and other fields. Nonnus' Dionysiaca is held together by the deeply encoded structures of the spiral, dance, serpent and web, and by the impulse for self-organisation and self-generation, as it explores the relationship between order and disorder.


This paper presents a new approach to the solution of optimal power generation for economic emission load dispatch (EELD) using space search algorithm to a hybrid power system. The proposed space search algorithm (SSA) has been applied on 23 benchmark test functions and the results were compared with Gravitational search algorithm (GSA), Particle swarm optimization (PSO), Differential evolution (DE) and Grey wolf optimizer (GWO). The results show that SSA method is able to provide very competitive results compared to other established meta-heuristics. After that, the economy objective function is minimized, followed by minimization of emission level objective function. Then, both the objectives are combined through a fuzzy coordination method to form a fuzzy decision making (FDM) function. Maximizing the FDM function then solves the original two-objective problem. The minimization and maximization tasks of this optimization problem are solved by the space search algorithm. The optimisation technique was applied to the hybrid system and a conventional power system with only three conventional thermal generators. The results by hybrid system provide cheaper generation schedule in comparison to individual system of thermal generators.


Abstract Castor oil-based quaternary ammonium surfactant (COQA) was synthesized by an ester-exchange reaction of refined castor oil (CO) (raw material) with N,N-dimethyl ethanol amine followed by quaternization with epichlorohydrin (ECH). Its surface activity and structural features were determined. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) of the surfactant at 25 °C was 1.79 × 10−3 mol/L. The surface tension of an aqueous COQA solution at CMC was 38.19 mN/m. Subsequently, the synthesized COQA was used to modify attapulgite (ATP) by binding it to the surface of ATP. The change in the morphology of the modified-ATP (M-ATP) was attributed to the presence of the COQA bound to the surface of the rod-shaped crystals, although the crystal structure of the silicate did not change. Compared to ATP, the microstructure of the M-ATP was less rigid.


We read with great interest the article by Meng et al. (2020) on the dental challenges raised by the current pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). They recommended the use of preoperative antimicrobial mouthrinse since the oral cavity is a high-risk route for COVID-19 infection. Following this, 2 recent reports by Kirk-Bayley et al. (2020) and Carrouel et al. (2020) also supported the use of antimicrobial mouthrinse to reduce the risk of COVID-19 infection. However, we believe that a word of caution is currently needed before recommending the use of generic antimicrobial products because they can induce a detrimental shift on the oral ecosystem (Willis and Gabaldón 2020). For instance, it is now recognized that the use of antimicrobial mouthrinse (chlorhexidine) inhibits bacterial species that are essential to promote vasodilation and to reduce blood pressure through an oral nitrate/nitrite/nitric oxide pathway (Bryan et al. 2017; Bescos et al. 2020). This is relevant in the current pandemic since people with hypertension, which is commonly associated with impaired nitric oxide availability, have the greatest risk of developing severe COVID-19 infection (Zhou et al. 2020). Furthermore, oral bacterial nitrite synthesis may be essential to improve the first line of immunologic response against viral infections (Rimmelzwaan et al. 1999). Research examining oral health and the oral microbiome is urgently needed as it may help to enhance our knowledge on the course of COVID-19 infection. We encourage researchers and dentists treating patients with COVID-19 to contact us to develop collaborative research in this area.


The square root of two is an irrational number that cannot be written as a fraction of the numerator and denominator. By using the generating function of A-B Goen, from the resulting set of numbers, the sequence of A-B Goen numbers can be obtained by selecting integer numbers. The A Goen numbers are generated from the generator function which have integer numbers, while the B Goen numbers are obtained from the sequence numbers. In this study, through the generating function of A-B Goen, it can be proven that the division between the A Goen number and the B Goen number in an infinite sequence will result the value of the square root of two.


PAV is considered to improve quality of life and standards of living, improvement of which was caused by automobile hundred years ago. Comparative economic efficiency of PAVs is measured to compare each PAV. Specification and sales price of the PAVs are open to the public. BlackFly, Transition and Aeromobil 3.0 have competitive power in flying range, purchasing cost, and operational cost. Lift & cruise configuration and vectored thrust configuration PAVs are designed by many companies nowadays, and BlackFly which can be considered to be lift & cruise configuration is one of the most efficient PAVs. High battery price does not help multi-copter shaped PAVs to have economic efficiency. Aerodynamic wing, eVTOL, and low sale price are needed for PAVs to ride a wave of public interest as a new personal mobility. Under the conditions, the PAV can fly at downtown and can be purchased by people at large. Popularization of PAV could follow in the 100 years old footsteps of automobile.


One of the most common complaints of users of palm nut kernel cake is that it is liable to become rancid on keeping. Rancidity developing in an oil-seed residue like palm nut kernel cake is likely to be due to splitting of the fats of the cake by a fat-splitting ferment or enzyme— a lipase—formed under certain conditions. The resting seeds do not contain lipase, but they are likely to contain a zymogen from which under suitable conditions lipase is formed.


The management of knowledge across geographical, functional and unit boundaries is critical to distributed organizations. This study takes knowledge transformation as a critical boundary capability in MNCs and examines its influence on the development of creative solutions. Using detailed questionnaire data on 67 problem solving processes from 29 subsidiaries, we find that opportunity formation is an underlying mechanism linking the boundary capability of knowledge transformation to the development of creative solutions for use by the subsidiary and the wider MNC. These insights contribute by revealing the complexities of managing knowledge within the MNC, and the benefits of framing problems as opportunities.


High expression of CPNE1 is positively correlated with the occurrence, TNM stage, lymph node metastasis, and distant metastasis of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), suggesting that CPNE1 may be an effective target for the treatment of NSCLC. No direct role of post-translational modification of CPNE1 in NSCLC has been reported. This study confirms that CPNE1 is degraded by two pathways: the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway and the autophagy-lysosome pathway. CPNE1 binds with the ubiquitin molecule via its K157 residue. Moreover, we determine that the ubiquitin ligase NEDD4L can mediate the ubiquitination of CPNE1 and promote its degradation. In addition, we find that NEDD4L knockout promotes the proliferation and metastasis of NSCLC cells by regulating CPNE1. This study aims to further investigate the mechanism of CPNE1 ubiquitination in the occurrence and development of NSCLC and provide a new potential target for NSCLC treatment.


As a writer of travelogues from Europe, Morocco and Constantinople, Edmondo De Amicis is unique in his ability to combine descriptions of foreign places and peoples with impressions regarding his own country. The encounter with Africa, which De Amicis explores on many levels, reaches beyond the reporting of sights and customs to assert the validity of Western values and beliefs. The present analysis of the travelogue Marocco (1876) demonstrates how travel writing as practiced by De Amicis represents a journey toward self-knowledge, which, given the writer's immense popularity in late 19th century Italy, has important implications for the broader notion of Italian nationhood.


Eva IsakssonUniversity of Helsinki Observatory Library, PO Box 14, 00014University of Helsinki, FinlandEva.Isaksson@Helsinki.fiAbstract. Finnish astronomy libraries are small and few, but one ofthem is representative of hundreds of years worth of astronomy literature.1. In the Beginning: The Fire that did not Burn AstronomyLiteratureAstronomy was first practised in Finland in the Academy of Turku (foundedin 1640). A great fire of 1827 destroyed most of the Academy of Turku library.However, astronomy books had beenstored in the newly built observatory (1817)located on the Vartiovuorenma¨ki hill, and were not destroyed in the fire.Figure 1. Helsinki University Observatory, built in 1834, designedby C. L. Engel (Photo: Suomen Ilmakuva)331


Background: Since coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) emerged in Wuhan city and rapidly spread throughout China in December 2019, many methods have been proposed for COVID-19 studies.
Methods: In this study, we reviewed the geographical analysis-based methodological approaches in COVID-19 epidemiological studies. Three different issues related to applications of geographical analysis in the COVID-19 epidemiology are presented under three sub-sections; namely (1) assessing the spatial distribution of the COVID-19 pandemic at different scales, (2) WebGIS-based mapping the COVID-19 pandemic, and (3) the assessment of impacts of socio-economic factors on the transmission of the COVID-19 pandemic. A systematic literature search of geographical studies of COVID-19 published in English.
Results: It was found that geographical analysis can effectively help to study the COVID-19 epidemiology.
Conclusion: The study contributes to current research on the spread and social-economic impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Keywords: Geographical analysis, COVID-19, Spatial statistics, Epidemiology, Review.


This paper presents a robust model reference adaptive control scheme to deal with uncertain time delay in the dynamical model of a fluidized bed combustor for sewage sludge. The theoretical analysis and simulation results show that the proposed scheme can guarantee not only stability and robustness, but also the adaptive decoupling performance of the system.


A modification of the steepest-descent method, as introduced recently by Berry and Howls, is used to reinvestigate the asymptotic expansion of the generalized Bessel function φ(z)= ∑ i=0 ∞ z l Γ(l+1)Γ(ρl+β) , where o < ρ < ∞ and β is any number, real or complex. Through this modified method, a uniform exponentially improved expansion is obtained, and the smooth transition across the Stokes lines is achieved, for the function φ(z).


The environmental impact of the welding process during learning in the specialized area as well as the exercise of practice for obtaining working qualification in the labor entity students welding specialty in Pinar del Rio has been of interest to the author of this research. The research is the methodological basis dialectical materialist method. From the results obtained it was concluded the need to train a qualified among others show their professional performance in attitudes towards environmental care worker.


Scholars of the geography of innovation have produced an impressive body of literature over the last decades. However, until recently this research focused on successful core regions, implicitly assuming that there is no innovation in peripheral areas. This view is being increasingly questioned, which is reflected by a rising number of papers, special issues, and edited volumes on innovation outside of agglomerations. Hence, this rapidly emerging field calls for a critical survey. In order to identify a future research agenda, this article conducts a systematic literature review of the work on innovation in the periphery (1960–2016). As such, it explores the recurring themes and key issues of the field and discusses the various periphery concepts applied, ranging from a geographic to a functional perspective on various scales. In doing so, it outlines options for policy makers and suggests avenues for future research: first, the periphery concept needs more refinement. Second, future studies should include systematic comparisons of regions. Third, an evolutionary perspective might provide new insights. Fourth, future work could explore the benefits peripheries offer for certain kinds of innovation. Fifth, urban–rural linkages might be of higher relevance than assumed. Sixth, research should go beyond the well-known examples. Finally, the analysis could be extended by applying a broader understanding of innovation.


O of the most significant features of international economy in the 'sixties has been the transfer of goods, capital, manpower, technology and management skills across national borders increasing on an expanded scale and at an intensified rate. Although world trade has increased during the 'sixties at a faster rate than the overall economic growth of the nations of the world, the international exchange of manpower, capital and technology has flowed at an even greater rate.


Cr:LiSrAIF6 (LiSAF) was first reported to lase in 1989 by a group at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory using Kr ion laser pumping.1 We grew the first boules of this material which could yield significant rods for flashlamp pumped laser studies using the Czochralski technique. The growth parameters and some of the relevant crystalline properties are shown.


Dressing in clothes is a exclusive feature of human societies and different cultures. Clothes were created to protect from the elements, but over time they developed a aesthetic and social function that transformed it into fashion. In the past cloathing was a important indicator of a persons social standing, but over time that has changed. Mass production incressed the availability of clothes. Fashion can be an indicator of different changes in society and the life of an individual, so it become a subject of interest in many different scientific fields. This research focused on the meaning and the role fashion portals have in the everyday life of female university students. The goal was to determine the importance of fashion and fashion portals for female university students, to research the subjects of interest on the fashion portals and the frequency of searches on fashion portals. the methods used during this research was content analysis of six croatian fashion portals: Fashion.hr, Femina.hr, Moda.hr, Journal, Buro 24/7 i Wall.hr and a semi-structurated interview with 12 subjects were inrolled in the University of Split and followed fashion portals regularly. The results of the analysis of the fashion portals showed a great use of white, black, grey and purple color, all of the portals had a balanced amount of subject matter. None of the portals had a visit counter. For the most part all the portals had similar categories and fashion articles, all of the articles were featured with one photo on the main page. Analysis of the conducted interviews showed that the all of the subjects shared a common opinion on the difference between the terms style, trend and fashion. Portals Buro 24/7, Fashion.hr and Journal were the most visited by our subjects. In their opinion these portals are very well informed about fashion news, and other useful information regarding skin care, food, travel, etc. All the subjects of the interview agreed that the main goal of fashion portals was to inform about fashion trends and to advertise brands.


Based on the theme of reasonably cond ucting oneself, an educational viewpoint is proposed in this paper. In order to have students, in the course of mind and morality teaching, understand and grasp the truth of life, teachers should make great efforts to expound how to be good, by grasping the theme of reasonably conducting oneself and surrounding the six branches of this subject.


Abstract The change in electrical properties of TGS crystals due to induced defects created by fast neutron irradiation of two different energies (2 and 14 MeV) and different integrated neutron fluxes have been studied in the vicinity of phase transition. It is observed that the electrical conductivity increases with increase of neutron fluence up to 1.7 × 1010 n · cm−2 and the values of the relative change of electrical conductivity in case of 2 MeV are higher than that of 14 MeV neutrons at the same neutron fluence (φ)


In this study, we have established a novel pretreatment system that improves the juice extraction volume and nutritional value of plant material using underwater shockwaves. The optimum treatment conditions for plant materials were obtained by conducting batch experiments using simple-structured underwater shockwave treatment equipment. From these results, a continuous underwater shockwave processing device was designed. Moreover, we have been demonstrated the applicability and reliability of underwater shockwave pretreatment in improving the yield of functional ingredients and fruit juice from plants. The instantaneous high-pressure dynamic control using underwater shockwaves is applicable to a wide range of extraction processes such as extraction of juices or ingredients from other naturally occurring foods and medicinal plants.


The invention provides transparent handmade soap which contains 1-2wt% of cyst particle, wherein the cyst particle has a cyst wall and a cyst core. Furthermore, the formula of the transparent handmade soap comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 10-25% of fatty acid, 25-40% of humectant, 10-30% of anti-reflection agent, 9-18% of surfactant, 1.5-4.5% of caustic alkali, 1-2% of cyst particle and the balance of water. The invention also provides a preparation method of the transparent handmade soap. According to the invention, the active components, perfume and other substances of the transparent handmade soap are wrapped in the micro cyst, thereby preventing the active components, perfume and other substances from being in direct contact with an alkaline environment of the transparent handmade soap, and effectively solving the problems that nutrients, perfume and the like are easy to fail and volatilize, the transparent handmade soap is easy to deteriorate and the like.


Computational first-order homogenization theory is used for the elastic analysis of generally anisotropic lattice materials within classical continuum mechanics. The computational model is tailored for structural one-dimensional (1D) elements, which considerably reduces the computational cost comparing to previously developed models based on solid elements. The effective elastic behavior of lattice materials is derived consistently with several homogenization approaches including strain- and stress-based methods together with volume and surface averaging. Comparing the homogenization based on the Hill–Mandel Lemma and constitutive approach, a shear correction factor is also introduced. In contrast to prior studies that are usually limited to a specific class of lattice materials such as lattices with cubic symmetry or similarly situated joints, this computational tool is applicable for the analysis of any planar or spatial stretching- and bending-dominated lattices with arbitrary topology and anisotropy. Having derived the elasticity of the lattice, the homogenization is then complemented by the symmetry identification based on the monoclinic distance function. This step is essential for lattices with non-apparent symmetry. Using the computational model, nine different spatial anisotropic lattices are studied among which four are fully characterized for the first time, i.e., non-regular tetrahedron (with trigonal symmetry), rhombicuboctahedron type a (with cubic symmetry), rhombicuboctahedron type b (with transverse isotropy), and double-pyramid dodecahedron (with tetragonal symmetry).


The continuous cooling transformation temperature of deformation austenite of 12Cr2Mo1R steel was determined and the phase transformation rule was studied by thermal dilation method and combining with metallurgical microstructure analysis and hardness change. The results showed that in continuous cooling transformation of undeformed austenite of 12Cr2Mo1R steel, the cooling speed is less than 0.27 ℃/s, the microstructure is bainite + ferrite + pearlite; the cooling speed is between 0.27 and 8.4 ℃/s, the microstructure is bainite and more than 8.4 ℃/s, the microstructure is martensite + bainite. In continuous cooling transformation of the deformed austenite, the cooling speed is less than 5 ℃/s, the microstructure is ferrite + pearlite + bainite; the cooling speed is between 5 and 20 ℃/s, the microstructure is bainite and more than 20 ℃/s, the microstructure is martensite + bainite. The deformation accelerates the continuous phase transformation of the austenite and makes the continuous transformation temperature increase. The Cr, Mo and other alloy elements in steel improve the stability of overcooling austenite; make metastable austenite area appear in the transformation process and increase the hardenability of bainitic.


Bertrand Russell's Critique of the Arguments for the Existence of God

The paper presents Bertrand Russell's critique of arguments for the existence of God. I divided the theistic arguments which Russell criticizes into three groups. The first group involves arguments concerning the relation between Universe and God: the First Cause argument, the Natural law argument and the argument from Design. The second group is related to the concept of God as a moral Lawmaker and it contains the argument from morality and the argument from remedy for injustice. The last group of arguments pertains to the relation between God and human beings. Here, I consider Russell's reflections on the validity of the argument from religious experience and his approach to the issue of the foundation of religion. The aim of this article is to consider whether Russellian argumentation against evidence for God's existence is justified.

Keywords: Bertrand Russell, existence of God, argument, philosophy of religion, evidence.


In this paper we consider the communication complexity of maintaining the replicas of a logical data-item, in a database distributed over a computer network. We propose a new method, called the minimum spanning tree write, by which a processor in the network should multicast a write of a logical data-item, to all the processors that store replicas of the items. Then we show that the minimum spanning tree write is optimal from the communication cost point of view. We also demonstate that the method by which a write is multicast to all the replicas of a data-item affects the optimal replication scheme of the item, i.e., at which processors in the network the replicas should be located. Therefore, next we consider the problem of determining an optimal replicaiton scheme for a data item, assuming that each processor employs the minimum spanning tree write at run-time. The problem for general networks is shown NP-Complete, but we provide efficient algorithms to obtain an optimal allocation scheme for three common types of network topologies. They are completely-connected, tree, and ring networks. For these topologies, efficient algorithms are also provided for the case in which reliability considerations dictate a minimum number of replicas.


In this paper we present an algorithm for joint codeword and power adaptation in uplink code division multiple access (CDMA) systems with multipath channels between users and the base station. The algorithm is based on gradient descent (GD) interference avoidance (IA) and adapts user codewords and powers incrementally to meet specified targets for the signal- to-interference+noise-ratio (SINR). The proposed algorithm is illustrated with numerical examples obtained from simulations.


Prior to World War I, Palestine was an underdeveloped province of the Turkish Empire, with barely an elementary commercial banking system, let alone an organized long-term capital market. Only thirty years later, however, the new State of Israel was able to confront the economic challenge of statehood with the institutional framework of a formal domestic capital market already in place. This article analyzes the salient economic and social forces which led to the emergence of a viable domestic security market in Palestine during the later years of the British Mandate.


A new floating production, storage, and offloading (FPSO) vessel concept that uses compliant vertical access risers (CVARs) is under development by a Japan National Oil Ctlrp.-headed joint industry project. The concept includes the use of dry trees, a workover rig, and the ability to complete and work over wells for deepwater oilfield development.


moted during the past years. Wheatley and Hallock have pooled up-to-the-minute information on the many phases of child growth and brought them all into a most readable volume. They have pictured vividly the deviations from normal. They have given simple but sound norms by which a teacher may know whether a child "measures up." Charts, diagrams, and colored illustrations give the reader clear understanding of the information supplied in the text. The wealth of authoritative information presented and the suggested activities and selected references included at the end of each chapter will make this book very useful as a basic textbook in teacher-training institutions. Every person dealing with children could profit much from reading it. The volume serves a real need in the reference field; many of us have been wanting and waiting for a single book that would bring together from many "scattered and not readily available sources the why, the what, and the how of observing school children in health and illness" (p. vii). Nutrition, although it is only one phase of a complete health program, is certainly an important consideration. In the Preface to Nutrition for Health, Kilander states that the book is so planned that it can be used (i) for a course or a unit in nutrition; (2) for supplementary reading in connection with courses in health education, home economics, general science, biology, and the social studies; and (3) for general reading by anyone interested in the subject of nutrition. The author has an easy-to-read style of writing. He has accumulated an abundance of scientific and factual information in the field of nutrition. He has given his readers an opportunity to know sound nutiition and a yardstick by which to choose wisely in terms of their own dietary needs. Dr. Kilander shows clearly the relation of nutrition to well-being and its application to world problems. The book contains an abundance of charts, graphs, tables, and interesting illustrations. Each chapter ends with a list of questions for review and suggested activities which would stimulate personal application by the students of pertinent points covered in the chapter. RUTH J. FRANTZ


It can provide a high accuracy of light intensity between the optical transmission path stored in the light receiving system in the polarization compensating signals do not match and may receive a high-quality polarized polarization multiplexed optical signal receiving apparatus and a polarization multiplexing optical receiving method. The polarization multiplexing optical receiving apparatus according to the present invention comprises: a semiconductor optical element, for adjusting the intensity of the light signal TE mode and TM mode polarization multiplexed optical signal in each; polarization beam splitter for polarization multiplexing optical signal into the TE mode and the TM mode optical signal an optical signal; and a control circuit calculates the light intensity ratio between the signal light and the TM mode light signal TE mode, the TE mode light and TM mode optical signal to an optical signal It has been adjusted by the signal strength of the semiconductor element and the light signal TE mode light and TM mode optical signal divided by the polarization beam splitter has been separated, and a control circuit for performing feedback control of the semiconductor optical element, the light intensity ratio to the calculated desired value.


RESUMO 10 FCUP Role of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) glycosylation in gastric cancer Nowadays glycosylation is considered the most common and complex posttranslation modification giving rise to a huge variety of glycan structures attached to glycoconjugates. Glycans are usually involved in multiple cellular and molecular processes playing a role in several physiological and pathological events, such as cancer. Aberrant glycosylation has been considered as a hallmark of cancer and one of the most common alterations observed is the expression of sialylated structures, as a result from abnormal expression of sialyltransferases. SLe antigen is commonly expressed in cancer and its expression has been associated with cancer progression and aggressiveness, such as in aggressive type of gastric cancer. Previously, our group demonstrated the expression of sLe in a gastric carcinoma cell line transfected with a gene encoded for the enzyme ST3Gal IV. In this cell line, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was identified as the main protein carrier of sLe. Thus, the general aim of this study was to understand the role of CEA glycosylation, specifically the presence of sLe structures in gastric carcinoma. In this study, we reported the expression of sLe in CEA molecules in ST3Gal IV expression' cells when compared to Mock cells. The characterization of glycans present in CEA molecules demonstrated the presence of complex type N-glycans and possibly O-glycans containing sLe structures. In addition, we identified Perlecan and CD44v6 as putative carriers of sLe in MST3Gal IV cells. Furthermore, we confirmed the increase activation of c-Met and Src in MST3Gal IV cells when compared to Mock cells. This increased c-Met activation was also observed in Mock cells cultured with condition medium suggesting a possible role of secreted sLe protein carriers in the activation of this receptor. Our preliminary results using a mice model demonstrated a tendency of SLe expressing cells to promote the formation of bigger tumors. Glycobiology could be a shortcut into the maze observed in cancer. The identification of aberrant glycosylation in cancer can bring new insights on the carcinogenesis process and contribute to the development of new serological biomarker assays for gastric cancer diagnosis and new therapeutically targets.


The history and evolution of the National Human Rights Consultation as well as its key aspects and features are discussed.


T‐cell–replete haploidentical stem cell transplantation (Haplo‐SCT) with post‐transplant cyclophosphamide (PT‐Cy) is at high risk of invasive fungal infections (IFI), and anti‐mold–active drug is required for primary antifungal prophylaxis (PAP) according to international guidelines. No data are available on the efficacy of caspofungin as PAP in this setting.


This article discusses the enactment of conflicting time regimes in contemporary urban retail and consumer services. We draw on the theories of time–space compression, social acceleration, and the fast–slow dichotomy to argue that retail and consumer services act on urban life by enacting two apparently conflicting time regimes: fast time and slow time. Although retail and consumer services are not able to establish urban time regimes by themselves, they enact time regimes in their stores by offering the temporal resources that consumers need to perform their preferred timestyles. These temporal resources stem from the store's concepts, sales model and management strategies, and ambiances. We draw on our ongoing field research in Colinas do Cruzeiro, an upper middle-class suburban neighborhood in greater Lisbon, Portugal, which has included field surveys, nonparticipant observation, and semistructured interviews. Our findings identify three time regimes that retail and consumer services in Colinas do Cruzeiro enact in their stores. This finding allows us to understand the processes through which retail, consumer services, and urban rhythms tend to synchronize. We discuss the geographical implications of understanding the processes that underpin the enactment of time regimes in contemporary urban retail and consumer services.


Considers the effectiveness of foreign business education as a conduit for management know‐how transfer to Saudi Arabia. Uses data from a survey of Saudi managers returning from study in the USA. Highlights skills seen as important and unimportant for daily operations in Saudi. Cites factors such as marketing, importing and negotiation skills as key elements. Notes the importance of Saudi organizations adapting their cultures to today's realities.


To reach a consensus on question items for early identification of unmet psychosocial needs of school‐aged siblings of children with cancer and blood disease.


The Behavior Tree notation is used as part of a framework for developing complex computer systems. The framework is designed to simplify the process of constructing a formal specification of a system from its informal functional requirements. To give a meaning to Behavior Trees, this paper describes a lower-level language called Behavior Tree Process Algebra (BTPA) and its operational semantics, and defines a mechanical translation of Behaviour Trees into BTPA. The process algebra provides several methods by which processes may communicate with each other and interact with the environment: CSPlike synchronisation; send/receive message passing; and shared variables. The meaning of a BTPA process is defined with respect to the current state of the system (value of the components) and the active processes.


Abstract UK adolescents have poorer diets than other age groups. Improving adolescents' diets has the potential to improve their health now and in later life, and the health of their future offspring. Established dietary assessment techniques can be difficult to use with adolescents due to high participant burdens. Robust and easy-to-implement techniques are required to assess adolescent diet in large-scale studies. This study aimed to identify the key indicator foods that contribute most to better quality dietary patterns in UK adolescents for use in a short food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Dietary data, collected using 4-day diet diaries, and nutritional biomarker data from waves 1–8 of the National Diet and Nutrition Survey rolling programme were used. Principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to 139 food groups to identify the key indicator foods that contribute most to better quality dietary patterns. A 20-group diet score was calculated using coefficients for the 20 indicator foods from the 139-group PCA and multiplying by their standardised reported frequency of consumption. Scores were standardised to a mean of zero and a standard deviation (SD) of one. The association and the agreement between the 139-group diet quality score and 20-group score were calculated using Spearman's correlation coefficient and Bland-Altman limits of agreement, respectively. Spearman's correlations were used to examine the associations between the two diet quality scores and nutritional biomarkers. NDNS dietary data were available for 1282 boys and 1305 girls aged 11–18 years. The first PCA component explained 3.0% of variance in the dietary data. A high-quality diet was characterised by greater consumption of fruit, vegetables, beans and pulses, wholegrains, nuts, and tap water, plus lower consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages, chips, processed meats, white bread, crisps, whole milk, baked beans, and added sugar. A correlation of 0.86 was observed between the full 139-group score and the 20-group score with the difference between being 0 SDs. Bland-Altman 95% limits of agreement were -0.98 to 0.98 SDs. Correlations, in the expected direction, were seen between the 139-group score and all nutritional biomarkers (25-hydroxyvitamin D(rs = 0.14), vitamin C(rs = 0.30), total carotenoids(rs = 0.25), total serum folate(rs = 0.42), homocysteine(rs = -0.25) and vitamin B12(rs = 0.21)). Correlations with the 20-group score were only slightly attenuated. The 20-group diet quality score showed reasonable agreement with the full 139-item score. Both scores were correlated with nutritional biomarkers. A short 20-item FFQ can provide a meaningful and easy-to-implement tool to assess diet quality in adolescents.


Abstract : A contoured graphic format has been adapted for the presentation of water-level forecasts such that heights for any time can easily be read from monthly charts for each station. An entire year's forecast can be generated by an on-line plotter in 50 minutes. The charts will be useful in day-to-day and long-range planning of naval operations in tidal water. (Author)


The study analyzed data from a representative sample of adolescents and young men, 1465 people involved in a one-stage epidemiological survey. The prevalence of arterial hypotension (AH) was 18.6% (among adolescents - 10.8% and among youth - 45.2%; P<0.001). The revealed results should be considered when developing and implementing preventive programs for adolescent and young populations living in the regions of Uzbekistan.


RMUP-C5 (Random Mated Upland Population Cycle 5) (Reg. No. GP-893, PI 652942) is a unique random mated germplasm population of Upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) involving six cycles of random mating beginning with an 11 parent half diallel. This germplasm was developed through cooperative research by the USDA-ARS, Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station, North Carolina State Agricultural Experiment Station, and Cotton Incorporated. Parents used in development represented nonrelated or distantly related cultivars or breeding lines from across the U.S. Cotton Belt. The bulked pollen method of pollination was used in the development, and there were six cycles of random mating, with intercrossing of the F 1 considered cycle zero. Selfed seed of C 5 S 1 has been released. Changes in correlations between traits among parents, C 0 , and C 5 cycles show that after random mating, the C 5 population has recombinations that should be useful for selection and cultivar development. Because this germplasm represents random mating among 11 very diverse breeding programs and includes parents from the major seed breeding companies, this population should be of value to breeders across the U.S. Cotton Belt.


A device (1) for fixing a dental implant (2) to the bone (3) of a patient using a surgical template (26) provided with a hole (27), the device (1) comprising: a) a guide sleeve (4), the guide sleeve (4) a first end (6), the guide sleeve (4) an internal thread (5); b) a support (10) for dental implants (2), the support (10) dimensions that fit the guide sleeve, so that the support (10) can be inserted into the guide sleeve (4), comprising the support (10) a screw (15) having an external thread (16) which is complementary to the internal thread (5) of the guide sleeve, so that the screw (15) can cooperate with the guide sleeve (4) and having the support (10) further having a first end (11) provided with a limit stop (12) designed to cooperate with the guide sleeve (4), so that the support (10) can be inserted, at most a predetermined distance in the guide sleeve (4) and having the support (10) a second end (13) arranged for releasably securing a dental implant (2) to set in bone tissue (3) of the patient ; wherein the first end (6) comprises an interlocking portion (7) for locking an interlock portion (25) of a hole (27) of the surgical template (26) against rotation.


An investigation of the mechanism of frost heave in engineering soils revealed that frost heaving which occurred as a result of the penetration of the frost line is the predominant mechanism in the case of compacted soils. A secondary mechanism which takes place when the frost line is stationary is not significant. An examination of the stabilizing method using sodium tripolvphosphate revealed it to be an effective agent but one that weakens with prolonged leaching. It is recommended that insitu experiments be performed to confirm its applicability. The literature on the mechanism of frost heave was surveyed. Details are given of the testing program for investigating the physical properties which influence susceptibility to frost. The results of the investigations are evaluated and discussed. The mechanism of moisture transport during freezing is defined and the measurement of parameters relevant to freezing is outlined. The calculation of the heave curve is described. The stabilization of frost susceptible soils is considered with special emphasis on the use of sodium tripolyphosphate. The properties of the latter are examined and the performance is compared with that of other techniques.


The present work brings contributions in relation to the criminalization of poverty and to the Criminal State making considerations about the action of the same through the police and judicial apparatus in the containment of the classes considered as dangerous, through a coercive enterprise. The objective of this work is to reveal the aspects of the criminalization of the poor population in Brazil, and how the needs of the capitalist system contribute to this issue. In order to obtain the results, we used bibliographical research as a methodological contribution. The results pointed to the relationship between the demands of capital and the criminalization of the poor and social movements. Key-words: Criminal law; Criminalization; Poverty; Capitalism. 1 Psicóloga do Programa de Execução das Alternativas Penais do Município de PitangaPR/ E-mail: email@example.com; 2 Assistente Social do Programa de Execução das Alternativas Penais do Município de PitangaPR/ E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com 3 Assistente Social. Doutoranda em Serviço Social – UFSC – Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. 2016. Mestre em Ciências Sociais – UEL. Graduada em Serviço Social e Jornalismo pela Unicentro. E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com


Introduction: After endoscopic mucosal dissection (ESD), several percent of cases show recurrence even in the absence of any common risk factors. Case: A female in her 70s. We performed ESD for a laterally spreading tumor of the lower rectum. The pathological finding was 42 × 34 mm, tubular adenocarcinoma, well differentiated type to moderately differentiated type, pT1a (SM 200 μ m), ly0, v0, pHM0, pVM0, BD 1 without indications for additional resection. However, local recurrence was found 6 years later and robot-assisted abdominoperineal resection was performed. The pathological finding was compatible with local recurrence. Discussion: Efforts are still under way to add new factors to the criteria for additional resection. One of them was sug-gested to be positive MUC1 which was noted in the present case. In addition, recurrence is said to be significantly more common in tumors larger than 20 mm in diameter. It was reported that some cases recurred 6 or 7 years after curative ESD for T1 colorectal cancer. Conclusion: We experienced a case of recurrence 6 years after curative ESD for T1a lower rectal cancer without any common risk factors. Long-term follow-up after curative ESD for T1 rectal cancer is required.


A field experiment was carried out to find the response of farm yard manure, chemical fertilizer and biofertilizer on mungbean crop at experimental farm of Dayalbagh Educational Institute, Agra during kharif seasons of 2009 and 2010. The experiment consisted of five treatments and five replications and impact of the treatments was observed on yield and yield parameters of mungbean crop. The application of farm yard manure+chemical fertilizer increased the grain and biological yield of mungbean (38.2 and 50.6% and 44.1 and 43.2%, respectively) in the two years. Seed inoculation with biofertilizer also influenced the yield of mungbean significantly, while combined treatment of biofertilizer+chemical fertilizer increased the grain yield by 58.7 and 67.4%, respectively, in 2009 and 2010.


For the safe construction and operation of a bridge it is necessary to have a clear understanding of the landscape, geocryological and hydrogeological features of the territory. In this regard, a review of the geocryological study of the permafrost zone of the bridge crossing area has been prepared; the analysis of the published and archive literature on the geological structure and hydrogeological conditions of the area under study was carried out; field and fund data and data of engineering and geological surveys were studied and analyzed; control and linking field routes and geothermal measurements in wells were carried out. The results obtained in the course of this work served as the basis for the compilation of a permafrost landscape map and then a geocryological map of the bridge over the Lena river in the area of Yakutsk on a scale of 1 : 5 000. The geocryological map shows the spatial heterogeneity of the permafrost-landscape conditions of the territory under consideration due to zonal (altitudinal-belt), regional and local factors. The information base of geocryological characteristics was the data of engineering and geological surveys.


The price quotation strategies of power generators when the cost coefficient in their quotation functions is subject to a certain distribution in the circumstances of spot market and contract market were studied. The optimal electricity amount generated by the power generator was achieved and a computation example was conducted. It was pointed out that no matter which distribution the cost coefficient in the cost function of the power generator is subject to, the generator can always avoid risks through arbitraging in the contract and spot markets.


The thesis investigates the possible space application of a commercial 3D NAND memory as a radiation monitor. Literature has indicated that both traditional 2D and 3D flash memories are sensitive to ionizing radiation. Where the track of particle could be seen passing through the 3D architecture. A flash memory cell stores data with a collection of charge of which some is lost after a particle event. This loss can be measured as a shift in the threshold voltage. A relationship exists between the energy of a particle and the threshold voltage shift. A methodology was developed to measure the threshold voltage of memory cells in a Micron 64 layer 3D NAND memory. By modifying the threshold voltage of boundary separating two logic states, a bit flip can be introduced. A page of memory cells will be reread multiple times, each time with a slightly increased or decreased voltage offset. It is determined that a measurement could be made with a theoretical error as low as 7.5 mV. Based on literature on 3D NAND memory architectures and die and SEM images for the Micron device, the corresponding physical size of a memory cell, page and block were estimated. A memory block measures 7360 ¹m (depth) x 3.37 ¹m (height) x 9.5 ¹m (width). A set of SPENVIS simulations estimate that a single block may see less than one GCR particle event every ten days. If it is possible to detect protons, 104 events may be seen in an ISS orbit, up to 109 events for a MEO orbit. In order to validate the proposed measurement methodology, a test setup was developed with which instructions can be executed on a memory. Requirements for this development were based on the ONFI specification, which standardizes the software and hardware interfaces with memories. The setup features a ZedBoard FPGA, where a VHDL memory controller generates the requested control signals. The interface between the FPGA and memory is provided through a custom designed PCB, which also powers the memory. A memory is placed in a socket such that different devices can be tested. Python scripts generate the correct sequence of commands to execute voltage threshold measurements. A Micron SSD was acquired, from which the 64 layer 3D NAND memory packages were unsoldered. These memories were then used for testing. A first set of tests prove that it is possible to perform voltage threshold shift measurements. The general measurements show the expected voltage distributions. Interesting observations were made when investigating the measurements for a single cell: they do not always transition immediately from one logic state to another. A second interesting observation is that the same cell returned different voltage readings for consequent read cycles. These behaviors should be investigating in further research, as they will impact the errors in the measurement. Concluding, a methodology is proposed and validated to measure the threshold voltage. A test setup was developed and proves the in house capability of making these measurements. It is possible to advance with the study of the radiation effects on the memories. Based on these results, further developments could lead to a future space radiation monitoring payload based on 3D NAND memories.


Background: Traumatic ulcers were pathological conditions characterized by loss of epithelial and basal layers resulting from tissue surface excavation caused by trauma. Ulcer healing process consisted of inflammatory, proliferation, and maturation phases. One of the cytokines that play a role in the anti-inflammatory process was IL-10 which worked by balancing the excessive amount of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Bay leaf contained flavonoids which had anti-inflammatory effects. This study's objective is to determine the effect of bay leaf extract gel on IL-10 expression in the healing process of traumatic ulcers. Method: This study was an analytical study of true experimental laboratories post-test only, consisting of four groups and a sample of 20 male Wistar rats. Mucous ulcers on rat lip were treated with bay leaf extract gel until the 3rd and 5th days. Rat mucosal tissue would be made histological preparations with immunohistochemical staining and calculated IL-10 expression using the Hotspot method. Data obtained then analyzed using Independent T-Test. Result: Results explained that there was a significant increase in IL-10 expression in the group treated using 10% bay leaf extract gel than the control group on 3rd and 5th day, which was marked by a significant p <0.05. Conclusion: The conclusion obtained was 10% bay leaf extract (Syzygium polyanthum) Gel effective in increasing IL-10 expression in the healing of the mucous traumatic ulcer of the mouth of the Wistar rat.


Sections I and II of this volume offer at least three kinds of ideas for the reader's consideration: (a) descriptions and evaluations of some of the more significant changes now taking place in elementary and secondary education; (b) analyses of the transformations in culture and society to which education must respond; and (c) speculations as to how philosophy and social science may become instruments in the development of educational institutions and practices calculated to realize individual potential and social ideas. In this final chapter, I shall try to take account of the information and interpretations presented in the preceding ten chapters; but I am under no illusion that I can contrive a neat matching of challenge and response; and it is not my ambition to do so. Instead, I shall attempt in my own way to pull together the strands that appear in the earlier chapters and to interweave them with other influences which seem essential to understanding the impetuses for educational change, the conditions which determine the kinds and amount of change, and the bases for hope that education may become more responsive to the needs of our society and the individuals who compose it.


Aircraft applications require high reliability, high availability, and high power density, while aiming to decrease weight, complexity, fuel consumption, operational costs, and environmental impacts. Modern electric driving systems can meet these demands and provide significant technical and economic enhancements over traditional mechanical, hydraulic, or pneumatic systems. Due to the high reliability of Switched Reluctance Motors (SRMs), it can be used for aircraft electromechanical actuators to replace the conventional actuators. This paper presents Model Predictive Control (MPC) for the actuators system to drive flight control surfaces in modern civil aircraft. In this study, the actuators system with nonlinear SRM is modeled, simulated, and controlled using a predictive control technique. The predictive control algorithm is applied for a three-phase controlled rectifier to provides a fixed DC voltage for actuators supply bus, and for SRM's symmetrical power converter to drive the surface of the actuator. The performance of the proposed system is tested using a simulation model in PSIM software, and the controller is programmed using C language. Obtained results confirm the effectiveness of the suggested system to drive aircraft electromechanical actuators satisfactorily for either tracking demanded motor speed or desired actuator deflection angle.


When we say that a subject has attitudes that she is rationally required to have, does that entail that she has those attitudes for reasons? In other words, is there a deep nexus between being rational and responding to reasons? Many have argued that there is. For example, Derek Parfit tells us that 'to be rational is to respond to reasons' (Parfit 1997, p.99). But I am not so sure. I begin by considering this question in the domain of theoretical rationality. The question in this domain is whether, when a subject has the beliefs that she is required to have by the norms of theoretical rationality, she is responding to reasons that there are for having those beliefs. Armed with a moderately clear answer to this question in the theoretical domain, I consider their relationship in the practical domain. When a subject has the desires that she is required to have by the norms of practical rationality, is she responding to reasons that there are for having those desires? Part of the interest of these questions lies in improving our understanding of reasons for action. I will say a little about this towards the end.