With the changing trends, more and more patients are opting for nonsurgical or minimally invasive options for reshaping the face. Noninvasive treatments such as incobotulinumtoxinA (Xeomin Cosmetic®; Merz Pharma Canada Ltd., Burlington, ON, Canada) are a preferred modality for reducing the volume of the muscle and therefore reducing the width of masseter.


In the course of biomineralization, organisms produce a large variety of functional biogenic crystals that exhibit fascinating mechanical, optical, magnetic and other characteristics. More specifically, when living organisms grow crystals they can effectively control polymorph selection as well as the crystal morphology, shape, and even atomic structure. Materials existing in nature have extraordinary and specific functions, yet the materials employed in nature are quite different from those engineers would select. One special feature of such crystals is the entrapment of organic molecules within the inorganic crystalline host. Here I will show how we have taken this principle and translated it to bio-inspired crystal growth to control the electronic properties of various semiconductors. incorporation the effect on crystal the to


In this paper, interference management is considered for the K-user multiple-input single-output (MISO) block-faded interference channel. It is assumed that perfect channel state information (CSI) can be obtained at the receivers, whereas only channel distribution information (CDI) is available to the transmitters. Furthermore, the receivers are assumed to be capable of implementing opportunistic interference cancellation (OIC). Based on these assumptions, the beamforming design problem for the MISO interference channel under consideration is formulated as a rate utility maximization problem under outage constraints and individual power constraints. By implementing OIC at the receivers, the outage probability is expected to be reduced, leading to a potential improvement on the utility value. However, this flexibility complicates the outage constraint, resulting in an optimization problem that is non-convex and difficult to handle. We propose a successive convex approximation (SCA) method that employs first-order approximation techniques and semi-definite relaxation (SDR) to efficiently obtain an approximate beamforming solution to this problem. Our proposed SCA algorithm has been shown to yield solutions that are stationary points of the original beamforming design problem. Furthermore, a decentralized version of the SCA algorithm is proposed, in which only local CDI and a limited amount of information exchange between transmitters are required. Our simulation results demonstrate that both of our proposed algorithms achieve near-optimal performance for the two-user case, and that enabling the receivers to implement OIC indeed improves the system performance by as large as 260% at high signal-to-noise ratios when user fairness is considered.


The most effective ways of surgical safety checklist implementation are unknown. This review, in low-resource settings, shows successful checklist uptake is associated with a few discrete implementation strategies. We failed to detect an association between implementation strategies and outcomes, but show checklist use is associated with reduced mortality (33%) and complications (44%). ABSTRACT Objectives To identify the implementation strategies used in World Health Organisation Surgical Safety Checklist (SSC) uptake in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs); examine any association of implementation strategies with implementation effectiveness; and to assess the clinical impact. Background The SSC is associated with improved surgical outcomes but effective implementation strategies are poorly understood. We searched the Cochrane library, EMBASE and PsycINFO from June 2008 to February 2019 and included primary studies on SSC use in LMICs. Co-primary objectives were identification of implementation strategies used and evaluation of associations between strategies and implementation effectiveness. To assess the clinical impact of the SSC, we estimated overall pooled relative risks for mortality and morbidity. The study was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42018100034). effects of DerSimonian Laird heterogeneity between studies. The percentage of heterogeneity between studies was quantified by the I-squared statistic (I 2 ) and evidence of heterogeneity were tested with a chi-squared test. Each study was weighted and the RRs and 95% CIs were displayed in forest plots, along with the overall pooled overall effect estimate. Publication bias was assessed through funnel plots.


In the present study, we investigated biological activities of Rosa davurica Pall. leaves in order to evaluate the possibility as a natural biomaterial. The 80% ethanol extract and its subsequent fractions of Rosa davurica Pall. leaves were prepared using several solvents with different polarities. The extraction yield was 33.4, 36.6, 25.2, 18.7, 5.8 and 5.8% in ethanol extract, aqueous, butanol, ethyl acetate, n-hexane, chloroform fractions, respectively. The ethyl acetate fraction (661.38 mg/g), butanol fraction (396.68 mg/g) and 80% ethanolic extract (239.54 mg/g) has higher total polyphenol contents than other fractions. The antioxidant activity was detected in ethanolic extract, ethyl acetate and butanol fractions. The ethyl acetate fraction showed the highest levels of DPPH radical scavenging activity (, ). Moreover, the ethyl acetate fraction significantly inhibited production of NO in LPS-stimulated macrophage RAW 264.7 cells without cytotoxicity. These results indicate that 80% ethanol extract and its fractions of Rosa davurica Pall. leaf, especially ethyl acetate fraction, have the properties of anti-oxidant and anti-inflammation, suggesting leaf of Rosa davurica Pall. may be a candidate for natural and functional materials.


A simple demodulator for the known PAL colour-television system is described. This demodulator delivers a correct signal if the phase error of the colour carrier is within the range ± 45°. If the error is larger than ± 45° but less than ± 90°, only the colour saturation is influenced.


An interview with Stephen Benton (1941-2003), the energetic physicist, mentor and conference organizer who played a pivotal role in the development of display holography, illustrates how a new discipline evolved from the work of scientists, engineers and artists.


This thesis developed a pathway database and genome-scale metabolic model for an oleaginous microalga, Microchloropsis gaditana, which is a potential source for biodiesel production. The database covered 141 metabolic pathways with reactions, associated enzymes, genes, and
metabolites. The genome-scale metabolic model for M. gaditana, constituting 720 reactions, represented the primary metabolism of the alga. The model allows prediction of the flux of intracellular metabolites in the alga under different growth conditions. The model can be also used to predict the outcome of genetic manipulations to improve the metabolic capabilities, including oil production, of the alga.


We propose the integration, in a single glass substrate, of a 0.807/1.3 micrometers wavelength multiplexer, a 1.48/1.55 micrometers wavelength multiplexer, and a 1.30/1.55 micrometers wavelength multiplexer followed by a 1/8 splitter by potassium and silver double-ion exchange. The wavelength multiplexers are based on nonsymmetric three-port Mach-Zehnder interferometers, and symmetrical Y-junctions are used for achromatic splitting. The facet-to-facet excess loss in the 0.807/1.3 micrometers and 1.48/1.55 micrometers multiplexers is less than 3 dB and in the integrated 1.30/1.55 micrometers multiplexer and 1/8 splitter less than 2.65 dB. The device can be used, in connection with an Er-doped fiber, in future wavelength division multiplexing subscriber networks, in which amplification is needed at 1.3 micrometers and 1.55 micrometers wavelength regions.


The creation and rendering of realistic water scenes is one of the challenging tasks in Computer Graphics. To
reproduce the illumination and colour inside water bodies an algorithm capable of dealing with media with
anisotropic and multiple scattering has to be used. We have chosen the discrete ordinates method to solve
the problem of light transport. Both the theoretical basis and the algorithm that has been implemented are
described in the paper. A couple of simple images calculated in different waters are presented. Results indicate
the relevant role played by the spectral behaviour of the absorption and scattering coefficients in the process
of image generation.


Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease with an unknown aetiology characterized by joint destruction. Both genetic and environmental factors contribute to the disease developmen ...


The article inquiries into the state of history didactic theory building and reflection on the category «gender». While newer feminist discourse and queer theory play a role in academic reference disciplines, current curricula and history textbooks still tend to be oriented towards the approach of women's and gender history. Reflections on history didactics call for a normatively open discussion of gender-related identities. In contrast, empirical findings point to the need to promote critical, reflective gender awareness.


A large number of traditional herbal products from medicinal plants are available in local
markets. However, the risk of fungal contamination especially toxigenic Aspergillus
species, Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus flavus was potentially possible. Thus, this study
targeted to investigate the prevalence of A. niger and A. flavus and the occurrence of genes
encoding toxins, aflatoxins and ochratoxin A among the fungi using the molecular method
in 33 herbal products randomly collected from local markets in Khon Kaen province,
Thailand. Based on the identification using DNA sequences of the internal transcribed
spacer region (ITS), there were two Aspergillus species, A. niger and A. flavus, with
prevalence rates of 73.6% and 0.1% respectively. The genes related to aflatoxins and
ochratoxin A were undetectable in all isolates. This study suggested the products were
naturally contaminated with the fungi, but they were safe from the toxigenic A. niger and
A. flavus.


A method of establishing at least one marking element on a substrate (1). By means of design data of the substrate (1) at least a fictitious marking element (5) on the substrate (1) is determined. The fictitious marking element (5) should then be unique for a predefined area of the substrate (1). The fictitious marking element is obtained by selecting at least two transitions (6, 7, 17, 18) of at least one element on the substrate while the transitions (6, 7, 17, 18) enclose an angle to each other.


As formal trade and investment barriers fall, government regulations -- what once were domestic policy matters -- become issues of international concern. International commerce creates the potential for competition among regulatory jurisdictions. This article explains why there is variation in these regulatory trends. Three general 'trajectories' are: (a) convergence among countries toward less stringent regulations in some cases, (b) convergence toward more stringent regulations in others, while in still other cases (c) differences persist among countries. I offer three (related) propositions which explain the different regulatory trajectories: #1) Regulations on production processes tend toward laxity; whereas product market-access regulations tend toward stringency. #2) Industrial structure affects the strength of the process/market-access distinction. Powerful firms in concentrated markets facilitate collective action and regulatory capture. Dominant producers push for process and market-access regulations which reflect their interests, giving them a competitive regulatory advantage in world markets. #3) The asset specificity of investments affects regulatory convergence. Low asset specificity leads to a competition-in-laxity; high multinational asset specificity leads to convergence among jurisdictions (as firms seek to lower their transaction costs); and domestic asset specificity leads to differences among jurisdictions. Detailed case studies (on offshore banking, capital requirements, and infant formula) suggest the propositions are necessary to understand general outcomes, although not sufficient to fully explain individual cases. Copyright 2005, Oxford University Press.


The breeding parameters of the Brown Goshawk ('Accipiter fasciatus') have yet to be documented in an urban environment in Australia. Twenty-six active nests were located in urban Darwin during the 2013-2014 breeding season. Incubation occurred from August to November over a 12 week laying period. Twenty-two nests were in introduced African Mahogany trees ('Khaya senegalensis') and four were in River Red Gums ('Eucalyptus camaldulensis'). One or more young matured to fledgling stage or later at 17 of the 26 nests, with an average fledging rate of 1.13 young per nest. Assuming that all active nests were detected, the breeding density of Brown Goshawks across the study area is 52 nests per 100 km2, which is higher than that recorded in previous studies on the species.


Disclosed is a connecting element (1) for connecting a first (12) and a second metallic pipe element (13), each having at least one terminal board (14, 17). The connecting element (1) comprises an at least two-piece retaining member (2), which in turn comprises a first (3) and a second holding part element (4), wherein the holding part (2) is adapted to the pipe elements (12, 13) axially in the region of the shelves (14, 17) between hold together the first (3) and the second retaining element (4). In a board holding portion (10) between the holding member elements (3, 4) is at least one protruding projecting and the board holding portion (10) structure (8, 21) are provided which during assembly of the holding part-elements (3, 4) (to hold the pipe elements 12 , 13) at least one (13) of the tubular line elements in the region of the shelf (17) in such a way transforms that a metallic sealing system (a) over the circumference of the relevant pipe element (13) at the other pipe member (12) or at least one of the holding part elements (3, 4) is provided. This facilitates on the one hand the assembly of the connecting element according to the invention; on the other hand also the life of a thus created connection terminal increases. A preferred use of the connecting element is the joining of two metallic tubular line elements in a solar collector.


Chile produces a variety of bee products with different botanical origins and several biological characteristics inherited from specific floral sources. Plants and beehives in areas polluted with metals may increase the levels of these elements in beehive products. Thus, it is expected that products that are produced in such places have higher metal content. Furthermore, all of these honey and bee pollen samples have modified biological properties, but their antioxidant activities are determined by their botanical origin and metal content. The honey and bee pollen samples were produced near the Llaima Volcano (South of Chile) and studied to determine metal contents as well as their antioxidant activities. In honey, the highest values for Cu, Mn and Fe were 0.851, 1.043 and 1.82 μg/g, respectively. In bee pollen samples, the higher metal content was for Fe, with a 194.0 μg/g maximum value. Furthermore, in those samples, Pb (0.17–0.28 μg/g), Cd (0.03–0.05 μg/g) and Cr (0.37–0.47 μg/g) were detected. The total phenolic content ranged from 1,000.0 to 1,255.4 mg/kg in honey and from 347.7 to 1,286.5 mg/kg in bee pollen. The selected beehive products herein had higher metal content as well as lower phenolic content and antioxidant activity.

Practical Applications

By determining the metal contents in bee products produced in a potentially polluted zone, it is possible to have a good monitoring of the real impact of natural pollution such as volcano's eruptions. In the same way, these preliminary results allow one to open an alternative option to estimate the impact on the environment of the contaminant activities of humans by using those natural bioindicators, which production occurs in zone exposed to metals. Also, the modification of biological properties of these products can be useful for determining alterations in food compositions of natural products with undesirable presence of toxic elements.


The present invention relates to a load-bearing fiber composite structural member from cross-fit into one another, forming between them cavities Preformlingen individual elements made of laminated semi-finished fiber, which structural member has a complex, branched structure. The invention also relates to a method for manufacturing a load-bearing integral, thick-walled fiber composite structural part with complex geometry branched in hollow box construction.


The main goal of this paper is to prove the following two conjectures for genus up to two:
1. Witten's conjecture on the relations between higher spin curves and Gelfand--Dickey hierarchy.
2. Virasoro conjecture for target manifolds with conformal semisimple Frobenius manifolds.
The main technique used in the proof is the invariance of tautological equations under loop group action.


Tetrachloroethylene (C2Cl4), a largely man-made chemical pollutant, is known to react with Cl atoms at a rate that is some 300 times faster than with OH radicals (kCl/kOH = 365 at 275 K). Analysis of C2Cl4 data, with the help of a global 2-D model and in conjunction with the OH field derived from CH3CCl3 observations, has been used to provide a sensitive means for evaluating Cl atom abundance in the troposphere. In the "mean case" scenario, that employs best available measurements, emissions and kinetic parameters, it is found that OH oxidation is adequate to balance the C2Cl4 budget and significant removal by Cl is not indicated (Cl ≤10² molec. cm−3). An "upper limit" analysis that takes into account possible uncertainties in measurements, source emissions (man-made and natural), and reaction rates, is performed to estimate that annually averaged Cl atom concentrations in the troposphere are <5–10×10² molec. cm−3. If we assume that nearly all (80–100%) of the Cl atoms reside in the marine boundary layer (MBL), mean MBL concentrations are estimated to be <5–15×10³ molec. cm−3. This analysis implies that mean Cl concentrations in the MBL are below or near the lower end of the values inferred in recent studies (104-106 molec. cm−3). We conclude that despite their high reactivity, Cl atoms are too few to compete with OH radicals (≈ 106 molec. cm−3) in influencing the oxidizing capacity of the global troposphere.


The paper presents the data in the literature and our own experience in the studying disorders of potassium, magnesium, and phosphorus metabolism in patients with severe diabetes mellitus and ketoacidosis. The features of the development and intensive care regimens for these disorders of water and electrolyte balance are reflected.


Amphiphilic block copolymers can self-assemble in the presence of selective solvents (water and oil) into a variety of different microstructures. The role that oil plays in the phase behavior and structure of copolymer-oil-water systems is the focus of the present investigation. We examined a poloxamer-type poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(propylene oxide)-poly(ethylene oxide) triblock copolymer (Pluronic F127: E 100 P 70 E 100 ) in ternary isothermal systems with water and each of three oils (of varying polarity), p-xylene, n-butyl acetate and butan-1-ol. A total of six phases with different microstructures have been identified in the ternary systems studied here: normal (oil-in-water) micellar cubic (I 1 ), normal hexagonal (H 1 ), lamellar (L α ), and reverse (water-in-oil) hexagonal (H 2 ) lyotropic liquid crystals, and normal micellar (L 1 ) and reverse micellar (L 2 ) solutions. The number and types of phases, as well as the composition range of their stability, are different for each ternary system, reflecting the effects of oil. Systematic small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) measurements have been performed in order to establish the structure of the phases and determine their characteristic length-scales. The location of the oils in the different self-assembled microstructures has been deduced from the structural dimensions obtained from SAXS and the constraints imposed by the copolymer total volume fraction and interfacial area: all xylene is present in the interior (apolar core) of the oil-in-water microdomains and butanol is located at the interfacial region between poly(propylene oxide) and poly(ethylene oxide), while butyl acetate contributes to both the core and the interfacial domains.


Objective To evaluate the application of Thrombuster thrombus aspiration catheter in primary PCI treatment of patients with acute coronary syndrome.Methods 51 ACS patients were treated with primary PCI plus ThrombusterⅡ thrombus aspiration catheter(A group) and 42 ACS patients were treated only with routine primary PCI(Bgroup).The regression rate of TIMI,CTFC,BMG,ST segment,LVEF,incidence of no-reflow/slow-flow、mortality and MACE were followed up after PCI during hospitalization.Results The difference of TIMI、CTFC、BMG、ST segment、LVEF、incidence of no-reflow/slow-flow between the two groups was statistically significant(P0.05),mortality and incidence of MACE followed up after PCI during hospitalization didn't reduce.Conclusion Transcatheter aspiration of coronary thromus using ThrombusterⅡ thromus aspiration catheter followed by direct stenting is an effective method to decrease morbidity of no-reflow/slow-flow and improve heart function during emergency PCI in ACS patient.


The first fascicule of Tome I of this important and beautiful work was noticed in Vol. XXIX of this Journal, pp. 227 f. Instead of completing the work by issuing the fascicules in chronological order Pore Vincent has, with the aid of Pere Abel, now published the first half of Tome II. This double fascicule maintains in every way the high standard set in the part previously noticed. For each period all available evidence from literary and archaeological sources is gathered and sifted. This results in the production of the most monumental history of Jerusalem ever written. For Aelia Capitolina the mosaic map of Madaba furnishes important evidence, which is not only fully utilized in the text but is reproduced in fine colored illustrations. It is shown that the so-called Ecce Homo Arch in the convent of the Sisters of Sion was in reality the eastern gate of Aelia Capitolina, and does not go back to New Testament times. Similarly it is proved that the ancient remains in the Russian buildings in the Muristan are a part of the forum of Aelia Capitolina, and not, as some have supposed, of more ancient date. The second book of this double fascicule is devoted to the Church of the Holy Sepulcher, and gives a complete architectural history of it from Constantine to the present day. The various chapters treat of the site, the building as it exists, the structure of Constantine, the Holy Sepulcher before 614, the Holy Sepulcher from 614 to 1009, the restoration of Constantine Monomachos, the Holy Sepulcher of the Crusades, the Holy Sepulcher from the twelfth century to our time. Plans of the structure at each period of its history are given, and abundant illustration of surviving architectural details. The third book is devoted to Gethsemane and the various churches and shrines on the Mount of Olives. Each of these is treated in the same thorough manner, though for these churches the material is not so abundant. The illustrations throughout the book are of a very high order of excellence, and these are supplemented by a portfolio of forty-three plates of plans and photographs. Some of the latter are superb. We wish the distinguished author and his colaborers all success in completing this monumental work.


Reported herein are comparative thermal film cooling footprints observed by infrared imagery from straight, curved and looped coolant tube geometries. It was hypothesized that the difference in secondary flow and turbulence structure of flow through these three tubes should influence the mixing properties between the coolant and mainstream. The coolant was injected across an adiabatic plate through a hole angled at 30 deg to the surface in line with the free stream flow. The data cover a range of blowing rates from 0.37 to 1.25 (mass flow per unit area of coolant divided by free stream). Average temperature difference between coolant and tunnel air was 25 C. Data comparisons confirmed that coolant tube curvature significantly influences film cooling effectiveness.


"The Production Techniques of Maotai Liquor" as the representative of Maotai-flavor liquor is listed in "The First Batch of State Non-material Cultural Heritage Representative Directory" issued by the State Council.Nonmaterial culture and material culture coexist and depend on each other.The production techniques and packing culture of Maotai Liquor were introduced with reference to the collected Maotai Liquor cultur-al relics in Guizhou Liquor Culture Museum.(Tran.by YUE Yang)


There are mainly four pore types for oolitic dolomite reservoir in Puguang gasfield,including oolitic dissolution pore,intergranular dissolution pore,dolomite intercrystalline dissolution pore and fractured dissolution pore.For the first one,its origin is related to some aspects of the early oolitic composition(dominated by thin oolite),the freshwater leaching around a dominant channel accumulated by oolite during early diagenesis,the preserved pores and channels(containing fractures formed by late tectonism) and the dissolution caused by acid fluid.For the second one,its origin is mainly formed by the shape and structure of grain,the meteoric water leaching,the dolomization,the fluid dissolution and the crystallization filling.The third one concerns the dolomitization and the fluid dissolution.And the last one is related to the multi-stage tectonic fracture and the acid dissolution.


We present a Las Vegas probabilistic algorithm for reducing the computation of Hermite normal forms of rectangular polynomial matrices. In particular, the problem of computing the Hermite normal form of a rectangular m x n matrix (with m > n) reduces to that of computing the Hermite normal form of a matrix of size (n + 1) x n having entries of similar coefficient size and degree. The main cost of the reduction is the same as the cost of fraction-free Gaussian elimination of an m x n polynomial matrix. As an application, the reduction allows for the efficient computation of one-sided GCD'S of two matrix polynomials along with the solution of the matrix diophantine equation associated to such a GCD.


The College of Business at Arizona State University, like many other colleges and universities, is committed to implementing computerization at all levels of collegiate education. One way ASU has been able to deal with this aspect of computer training is through providing microcomputers for use in various types of business courses. In addition, ASU's College of Business is committed to provide each faculty member with a microcomputer to aid in his or her teaching and research. Because of this impact of computerization, the Department of General Business has recognized the need to design a Center for Office Automation Research (COAR), with emphasis on providing instruction and research in the latest developments in office automation.


Deep neural networks have achieved tremendous success in various fields, especially in recognition and classification applications. However, faced with the difficulty of training millions of parameters of such networks, many users outsource the training procedure of a specific prediction work to the powerful cloud servers that own abundant computation and storage resources. Although such outsourced training can significantly simplify and expedite the development circles, it also introduces many security risks. In recent years, a new type of attack, the so-called backdoor attack, has attracted much attention, where the attacker's goal is to create a maliciously deep neural network to make misclassification on the special inputs with the backdoor trigger. For its concealment, such attacks can potentially cause disastrous consequences. Subsequently, many defense mechanisms against this attack are also appearing. In this article, we conduct a retrospective review on the existing schemes of the backdoor attacks and defenses in outsourced cloud environments. According to the resources the adversary has, and whether the detection time is during run-time or not, we classify the attack and defense approaches into multiple categories. We present a detailed overview of each category, and we provide a comparison of these approaches and evaluate part of the attack schemes by the experiments. We also highlight various future research directions in this field. These views shed light on possible avenues for future research.


There is a logical but neglected relation between the materiel and personnel requirements of civil defense and recreation. The psychological dynamic of compounding the two programs would be great: recreation might take the curse of "apathy" from CD. CD might take the curse of "frivolity" from recreation.


Summary The platelet aggregation test has been mainly carried out using dedicated semiautomated analyzers. In our hospital, the platelet aggregation test is carried out using a whole blood aggregometry, WBA Analyzer (TAIYO Instrument Inc.) to assess the clinical efficacy of antiplatelet drugs. Recently, the fully automated coagulation analyzer CS-2100i (Sysmex Corporation) has been upgraded to perform both the platelet aggregation test and coagulation test simultaneously. Only the manual preparation of platelet-rich and platelet-poor plasmas is required, and other processes are performed automatically by CS-2100i. Our basic evaluation showed good performance results. We concluded that CS-2100i can assess the clinical efficacy of antiplatelet drugs as well as the WBA analyzer does using the maximal aggregation (%) results of the ADP test (1 and 10 μM). At present, the platelet aggregation test is carried out at limited clinical laboratories. Since the CS series has already been installed in many clinical laboratories, we expect that the platelet aggregation test by the CS series will promote the standardization of the platelet aggregation test and lead to improvement in the efficacy assessment of antiplatelet drugs.


This paper examines the spatial implications of social-democratic policy transformation. It does so by exploring the political consequences of residential contextual unemployment engendered by a Labour government which had once been dedicated to maintaining full employment. Faced with economic crisis, as Przeworski's model predicts [Capitalism and social democracy, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (1985)], New Zealand Labour, beginning in 1984, abandoned its traditional social-democratic statist policies, including the maintenance of full employment, and allowed unemployment to skyrocket under its stewardship. This meant subjecting its supporters to significant contextual cross-pressures, since many residential neighbourhoods became characterised by both high concentrations of Labour partisans, and by those recently unemployed by Labour's new market-liberal policies. Using original survey data merged with New Zealand census data, empirical findings show that residual partisan loyalties and a lack of ...


Wheel-track interaction in the vehicle-bridge coupling system is studied.The vehicle subsystem model is established by the rigid body dynamics method,the bridge subsystem model is established by the finite element method.It is assumed that the wheel-track interaction obeys the wheel-track corresponding assumption in the vertical direction and obeys the Kalker creep theory in the lateral direction and the cone profile and constant normal force are considered in calculation.The linear dynamic equilibrium equations for the vehicle-bridge system are modeled,in which track irregularities are taken as inspiration to the system.As a case of study,the dynamic responses of all wheelsets in both the time domain and frequency domain are calculated for the SS8 single-unit locomotive passing a 32m single-span simple-supported beam,the influential factors of hunting wavelengths and hunting amplitudes are discussed,and the relation of lateral vibration of the bridge,lateral track irregularities and lateral vibration of the vehicle is analyzed.Also the wheelset hunting assumption is verified.


The experiment was conducted to study the effect of nitrogen topdressing amount( 75,112. 5 and 187. 5 kg /hm2) and nitrogen timing( seedling,jointing and booting stage) on grain yield,yield components and grain quality of Zhenmai 168 in the 2010- 2012. The results of two years indicated that the grain yield of Zhenmai 168 increased significantly with the increase of nitrogen topdressing level,with the highest grain yield at 187. 5 kg N /hm2. The grain yield was first increased and then decreased,with the delaying of nitrogen topdressing,from seedling stage to booting stage. The highest grain yield was obtained when nitrogen was applied at the jointing stage. Number of spikes per hectare and grains per spike increased with the increase of nitrogen topdressing level,but 1000-grain weight decreased with the increase of nitrogen topdressing level. Number of spikes per hectare decreased with the nitrogen topdressing delaying,however,grains per spike increased with the nitrogen topdressing delaying,with the highest 1000-grain weight of nitrogen topdressing timing at jointing stage. Increasing the level of nitrogen topdressing significantly increased grain protein content,wet gluten content,dough water absorption,development time and stability time,and degree of softening decreased with the increase of nitrogen topdressing level. The nitrogen topdressing at jointing and booting stage had significant effect on improving nutritional and processing quality of Zhenmai 168. In this study,the high yield and better quality could be obtained with nitrogen topdressing level of 187. 5 kg /hm2at the jointing stage.


This article is aimed at making a research review of the basic characteristic features and incidental regularity of coal and gas outbursts in China since 2001.So far as we know,among the 417 accidents of coal and gas outbursts that have ever taken place in China since 2001 we have statistically analyzed,two basic characteristic features can be summarized of such outburst accidents in the country at the present stage.So far as we have got to know,the causes leading to such outburst accidents can be classified into two basic categories,according to the outburst frequency and according to the death tolls.From the two aspects of the regularity of gas outbursts,the accidents in China after 2001 were directly displayed in a variety of graphical ways,such as in a pie chart,histogram,trends,and rings.The statistical results show that there has been a greater accident frequency in the south than that in the north of China.As a matter of fact,Hunan and Guizhou are the places with the most frequent and serious coal mine accidents in the country,followed by Chongqing,Sichuan,Henan and Yunnan.Among them,large,serious accidents account for 62.11% of the total number.If accounts go on according to the death rolls and number of death,46% of the total death attributes to the greatest cases of casualty,though,the particularly serious coal-mine accidents occur less frequently,only about 2.39% of the total.But the death toll is much greater,accounting for 19.90% of all the casualty.If the comparison goes on between the coal and gas cases,more accidents of the gas outbursts take place of the two,the causes of which are consistent with the first class of basic characteristics.The causes leading to the outbursts in the high gas mines not only are in accordance with the first class of basic characteristics,but also come in line with the second class of basic characteristics in terms of management and exploitation.


Residual elements are shown to have influenced the tensile strength of large, heavy section carbon steel forgings that had been heat treated for optimum Charpy V notch properties. The forgings had been made to a specification based on an early revision of ASTM Specification for Forgings, Carbon Steel, for Pressure Vessel Components (A 266-84a, UNS K035 06), but with several provisions of the more modern ASTM Specification for Quenched and Tempered Vacuum-Treated Carbon and Alloy Steel Forgings for Pressure Vessels (A 508-84a, UNS K13502). While not a factor in the particular contract described, the results are also discussed in terms of the use of carbon equivalency in the composition control of forgings for weldability purposes.


This paper examines the clinical presentation of, the biochemical abnormalities associated with, and the treatment of depressive disorders in late life. A comparison of geriatric depression (late-onse


Utilization of male sterility in heterosis has a good developmental prospect.In this study,the male sterility of 21A has been observed successfully by induced mutation breeding and back cross breeding.Genetic and allelic tests for 21A male-sterile line were made and the results showed that the male sterility in 21A was controlled by a pair of single-recessive gene and its male-sterility was in none-allelic to msc1,msc2,msc3 and msc7 discovered in P.R.China.Crosses were made by NCⅡ,using 21A male sterility line as female parent and five normal cultivars as male parent,to analyze competitive heterosis and combining ability of F1 hybrids.The results indicated that 21A male sterile line showed obvious heterosis and general combining ability(GCA).It is easy to observe better cross combinations and product hybrid seeds using 21A male sterile line.


Chagas' disease, caused by the hemoflagellate Trypanosoma cruzi, affects around 17 million people in Central and South America (WHO, 1997) . The main route of transmission involves T cruzi infected triatomine insect bites, but other mechanisms of transmission such as blood transfusion or blood derived products have been reported to be responsible for fatal cases of acute Chagas' disease (Villalba et al., 1992) . Improved vector control by insecticide spraying and better management of blood banks in endemic areas are essential to reduce the disease transmission. Transfusion-associated transmission is not only a threat in the endemic countries but also in non-endemic areas due to migration of T. cruzi-infected individuals (Kirchoff, 1993) and the serological screening of blood banks could reduce the transfusion-associated transmission, avoiding the transportation of contaminated blood with the parasite. Actually, the use of serological screening in disease control is hindered by the cost of the assays and the sensitivity and secificity of the antigens used. Recently, with the development of the DNA technology, highly specific and sensitive recombinant antigens (Taibi et al., 1995) , as well as T. cruzi specific synthetic peptides, have been useful in the diagnosis of Chagas' disease (Burns Jr. et al., 1992) . In Ecuador, although Chagas' disease has been known to exist since 1927 (Arteaga, 1930) , the true prevalence of the disease is still unknown. In the country, blood bank screening for Chagas' disease is mandatory but testing in blood banks located in endemic areas is not regular. Recently, blood donors were found to be positive for antiT . cruzi antibodies in a vector-free region and even in non-endemic areas of the country (Grijalva et al., 1995, 1997) . Therefore, the screening of blood bank donors is a necessity in Ecuador. The present study was aimed to determine the prevalence of antiT . cruzi antibodies in Ecuadorian blood banks from two areas endemic for Chagas' disease. Serum samples from blood donors of the Red Cross Blood Bank of Guayaquil, province of Guayas (n= 1,423) , and from the Blood Bank of Machala, province of El Oro (n = 203) , were obtained during the period from March to June 1996 (Figure 1) . The samples were randomly collected and no distinction was made between volunteers, paid and frequently members. These samples collected were stored at -20°C until used. Total lysate obtained from T . cruzi epimastigotes


List of Boxes. List of Tables and Figure. Preface. Abbreviations. Introduction. 1. Capitalism and the Capitalist Type of State. 2. The Keynesian Welfare National State. 3. The Schumpeterian Competition State. 4. Social Reproduction and the Workfare State. 5. The Political Economy of State Rescaling. 6. From Mixed Economy to Metagovernance. 7. Towards Schumpeterian Workfare Postnational Regimes?. Notes. References. Index.


Plus ca change! Since the arst Harvard Forum in 2003, much has changed in information technology, especially with regard to women's access to it. In particular, mobile phone access has jumped in every region, and in most countries, of the world. From research sketched in the Forum's background paper (Spence & Smith, 2009), and from research more reoective of a gender lens, phone access for women, mostly to mobiles, is greatest where total access is greatest—highest in Asia, next in South and Central America, and lowest in Africa. But this, too, is changing, with Africa scoring the highest recent rates of mobile adoption, and women almost at parity in terms of users. This can be an exciting and practical way to empower women in both their economic and social roles. But it can also have the potential to disempower women and create have-not situations, particularly at the bottom of the pyramid (BoP), if precautions that have been learned from the recent literature on ICT and women are not part of future ICT policy and practice. This concerns women's access and control over ICT as an "enabler" or "disabler" to women's self-empowerment. As Dr. Amartya Sen has noted,


Obesity is one of the most challenging public health problems in Western societies. Group activities are a way to empower individuals to make sustainable lifestyle changes. Self‐help groups enable individuals to share expectations and experiences on an equal basis.


University journal is a comprehensive high-level academic journal,which reflects teaching and demonstrates scientific research results and academic standards of university.It is not only scientific and technical information transmission carrier,but also a "window" to conduct academic exchanges.It plays the important role of the dissemination of information,meta-knowledge,academic prosperity,the development of culture.The editors' quality directly influences the quality of journals.Editors of university journals should not only possess knowledge of their field,deep scholarship and high policy level,can skillfully use computer and internet,but also has positive social skills and promote their English level,love and dedication,the capacity of continuous learning to improve,strong planning capabilities to adapt to the demands of the development of university journals.


Village classification index is a certain status of the achievements of village development activities. In measuring the achievement of village classification index, it needs to be made in several time periods and must concern to the spatial effects because the geographical conditions of each village are diverse. It is necessary to study the variables that affect the village classification index in several time periods. Statistical methods that used in overcome the spatial effects of panel data type is Geographically Weighted Panel Regression (GWPR), which is a combination of Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) models and panel data regression. This study focused on the establishment of GWPR model with fixed effects using fixed bisquare kernel on the village classification index in Batang Regency, 2015-2018. The results of this study indicate that the fixed effect model GWPR differ significantly on panel data regression model, and the model generated for each location will be different from one another. In addition, all independent variables namely the community economy, security and order, and community participation in development have a significant effect on the village classification index for all villages with R-square value of 0.3952.


The difference of cobalt-59 chemical shift is much larger in ob-lel isomerism than that in mer-fac isomerism. The line widths of lel-isomers are 0.10 gauss and ob-isomers 0.14 gauss. The chemical shift values of four [Co(1-pn)3]3+ are as follows: Δ(mer), 938 ppm; Δ(fac), 951 ppm; Λ(mer), 863 ppm; and Λ(fac), 859 ppm upfield from external [Co(NH3)6]3+ standard.


The recent Brexit episode is being interpreted in some quarters as an anti-globalisation backlash. Free trade does not promise gains for all without a proper compensating mechanism that allows winners to bribe the losers. Also standard prediction of trade theory does point towards increasing wage inequality for the relatively skill abundant developed world. Theoretical discussion on compensating mechanism that addresses inequality is rare in trade literature. In a simple HOS model we consider tax policies that keep the pre-trade degree of inequality unchanged between skilled and unskilled workers. We discuss the problem of existence of such an inequality-neutral tax rate that generates a positive increment in the after tax skilled wage. Existence of such a mechanism is contingent on the initial degree of inequality and is independent of whether the tax is progressive or proportional.


Due to the Corona pandemic, it was necessary to cancel the conference "Positionality Reloaded. Dimensions of Reflexivity in the Relationship of Science and Society" at short notice. At the time, in May 2020, it was quite uncertain how far-reaching the consequences of the pandemic would be. This also affected the panel discussion that we had planned in order to collect practical and application-oriented perspectives on transdisciplinarity in academics. As restrictions of traveling and gatherings on social events across the globe intensified, digital conferences gradually developed into an effective format for academic exchange. In this respect, we were thrilled when we were able to save the two-hour panel discussion "Crossing Borders, Creating Together: An Interdisciplinary Dialogue on Transdisciplinary Knowledge Production" on 15 June 2020 using a live video broadcast. The main questions from the conference served as a guide: To what extent do academic publications and knowledge production rely on reflexivity and self-reflection? What consequences does this have for the selfpositioning of researchers in the tense relationship between academia and society? The question of how meaningful academic activities are in society and for society correlates directly with the question of the relevance of transdisciplinary research, that is occasionally addressed as a possibility, a demand, a request, or even a necessity. While the other contributions in this collection primarily discuss these questions from a theoretical standpoint, the panel discussion was conceived as an "empirical counterpart." The objective was to explore and discuss the opportunities and challenges that arise in transdisciplinary research practice from different functional perspectives: such as political and mobility research, medicine, or architecture and urban planning. For this purpose, we invited four participants, whom we will introduce below.


Wildlife populations are becoming increasingly fragmented by anthropogenic development. Such small and isolated populations often face an elevated risk of extinction, in part due to inbreeding depression. Here, we examine the genomic consequences of urbanization in a caracal (Caracal caracal) population that has become isolated in the Cape Peninsula region of the city of Cape Town, South Africa and is thought to number ∼50 individuals. We document low levels of migration into the population over the past ∼75 years, with an estimated rate of 1.3 effective migrants per generation. As a consequence of this isolation and small population size, levels of inbreeding are elevated in the contemporary Cape Peninsula population (mean FROH>1Mb=0.20). Inbreeding primarily manifests as long runs of homozygosity >10Mb, consistent with the effects of isolation due to the rapid recent growth of Cape Town. To explore how reduced migration and elevated inbreeding may impact future population dynamics, we parameterized an eco-evolutionary simulation model. We find that if migration rates do not change in the future, the population is expected to decline only slightly, with a low projected risk of extinction. However, if migration rates decline or anthropogenic mortality rates increase, the potential risk of extinction is greatly elevated. To avert a population decline, we suggest that translocating migrants into the Cape Peninsula to initiate a genetic rescue may be warranted in the near future. Our analysis highlights the utility of genomic datasets coupled with computational simulation models for investigating the influence of gene flow on population viability.


Providing fiber aggregate for carrying out the regioselective chemical. In general, the present invention includes first and fibers sequestering first reactive component, a second fiber sequesters a second reactive component, wherein at least the first or second fibers release agent and in the presence of a release reactive component, at least the first or second fiber releases the reactive components, the fiber assembly of the first and second reactive component to form a reaction product with one another I will provide a. Also provides a method for producing and use relevant.


This paper reports research on improving decisions about hospital discharge ? a critical healthcare quality and cost determinant identified by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. We report an experiment on effects of subjective information about patients' health status on discharge decisions as well as uptake of recommendations from a clinical decision support system (CDSS). Subjective information about readiness for discharge was obtained during examinations of standardized patients, who are regularly employed in medical education, but in our experiment had been given scripts developed for the experimental treatments. The CDSS presents evidence-based discharge recommendations obtained from econometric analysis of data from de identified electronic health records (EHR) of hospital patients. Subjects in the experiment were third and fourth year medical students. We find that the CDSS decreases hospital stay by one day while decreasing readmissions of high-risk patients. Subjects are responding appropriately to information conveyed by standardized patients when such information is consistent with the EHR. Compared to patient discharge from the hospital absent patient reports, Eager patients when also EHR-Fit are at least seven times more likely to be discharged whereas Reluctant patients when also EHR-Sick are about four times less likely to be discharged.


The use of radiotherapy may have an important role in optimizing first-line treatment for patients with early-stage extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma.


A method for simultaneous determination of five aflatoxins(aflatoxin B_1,B_2,G_1,G_2 and M,)in ginkgo leaves was developed by isotope dilution and high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(HPLC-MS/MS).The determination of the samples by this method showed that the detection limit and quantitative limit of the 5 aflatoxins were 0.15- 0.80μg/kg and 0.50- 1.50 μg/kg respectively;When the linear range was 0.5- 100.0 ng/mL,the coefficient of determination(R~2)≥0.9990;The recovery rates of five aflatoxins at high,medium and low levels were 85.98%- 95.21%,88.92%- 98.15%and75.34%- 87.09%respectively,with a relative standard deviation≤13.55%.This method had such advantages as rapid determination,high sensibility and high recovery rate,and could be used to simultaneously determine the contents of the 5 aflatoxins in ginkgo leaves.


Since the 1990s, Asian economies have been moving towards deeper regional integration to enjoy growth together and to share prosperity. Although size of the economy and level of development in the region are quite diverse, it does not matter to such integration. This integration will not only expand the production possibility frontiers but also promote the flow of ideas and cultural exchanges within the region. Southeast Asia and India have become two of the fastest growing and most dynamic regions in the world. As Asia becomes the engine of growth for the global economy, the ASEAN and India must capitalize on their partnership through enhanced connectivity to reap the benefits most. In this scenario, Myanmar is the only land bridge between ASEAN and India so that the country has a great potential to be an important player in shaping future economic, political and security environment in this region. The connectivity projects will enhance the strategic importance of Myanmar as a regional logistics and trading hub and will be definitely beneficial for Myanmar as well as India and ASEAN, and for the entire region, Asia. To realize the positive outcomes, Myanmar needs to respond to the opportunities offered by its geographical and natural advantages and to capture the competitive advantages brought about by regional and global market chain.


Transformed roots are also called transgenic roots or due to their appearance – hairy roots. Transformed roots are obtained by infection of plants or parts of them with soil bacteria, Agrobacterium rhizogenes. Genetically transformed roots are characterised by rapid and stable growth of biomass, genetic stability, and stable biosynthesis of metabolites. Hairy roots can be an alternative source of many economically important chemicals like enzymes, pigments, flavours and especially bioactive pharmaceuticals. Cultures of transformed roots are comparatively easy to cultivate in shaking flasks. Application of flasks does not allow to obtain great amount of biomass. There is a necessity of scaling up the culture using bioreactors. The first attempts of scaling up the culture were connected with bioreactors designed for microbiological processes. However, these bioreactors are inadequate for hairy roots cultures. Some promising results were achieved in the case of using mist bioreactor. This paper is a review of bioreactors employed in cultures of hairy roots and mathematical modelling of hairy root growth.


Maxwell's theory laid a solid foundation for MT decting technique. Ex, Ey, Hx , and Hy is generally measured in the marine MT prospecting. The design consideration of the marine MT instrument includes: high sensitivity, intelligentization, synchronous acquisition, connection of the anchor, pressure bearing and seal, and rational sinking speed. The geophysical information of the prospected marine field could be acquired by processing the data collected by the instrument.


In the management of global environmental risks the Russia case is a special one regarding certain specific features which determine the position of the country, particularly in a new international community emerged on the territory of the former Soviet Union, large scientific interest to the global physical processes and low interest and capabilities to deal with such risks on the part of social institutions inherited from the USSR. The largest country in the world with visible geopolitical role and probably biggest regional differences could not be ignored as a one of major players in the management of global environmental risks. The understanding of all deficiencies and positive sides of global risks management process in this country are absolutely important for extrapolating the appropriate trends in some other parts of the world. At the same time the ex-Soviet Union case shows clearly how the social learning process can radically ``change the course``, diverting to the opposite direction the social goals and preferences. Starting the studies on possibilities to change the climate for improving the human being, the former soviet society perceived the risks of human impact on climate and started to regulate it and to participate in the process of internationalmore » management of global warming. The level of activity in this process on the part of Russia will however depend heavily on how much national interests will be reflected in the specific prevention measures realized by the international community.« less


The current fast developments in technology and communication devices are driving marketing into new domains, especially the internet. The importance of internet marketing is currently increasing due to changes that can be observed in the ways of interpersonal communication, and also in the ways how people spend their free time. The sentence "Share anything you like with the people around you!" is a motto of social networks, which have in the past few years influenced not only communication, but also marketing worldwide. Social networks are a part of modern social media. The popularity of social media websites in recent years has been extraordinary. Sites such as Facebook, Twitter or the new Google Plus connect individual users and facilitate interpersonal, albeit impersonal and indirect contact and the sharing of information. At the same time, the system of social networks provides opportunities for the implementation of corporate marketing plans in a sophisticated and effective way.


Nigella sativa is one of historical and miracle herbs been used for many centuries in different civilizations. Although its oil provides high nutritious values of fatty acids and phytochemicals, the strong odor and peppery taste limits its application in food products. In additions, the black cumin seed oil also poor solubility and rapid deterioration. A wise strategy to enhance organoleptic property and promote oil solubility is encapsulating the cold press black cumin seed oil with suitable wall materials via spray drying. In this study, eight water soluble hydrocolloids were used for formulating the mixed microcapsules. Only four formulations of microcapsules were successfully spray dried including gum arabic alone (GA) or in combinations with inulin (GI), maltodextrin (GM), or whey protein (GW) at a ratio of 50:50. The microencapsulation efficiencies (ME) of all microcapsules were ranged from 75 - 88%. The ME of GI was superior to those of GM and GW, respectively. Based on the SEM image, the smooth and spherical shape microstructure was obtained from the GI microcapsule (mGI). The TQ, tertbutyl-hydroquinone (TBHQ), and longifolene were the main phytochemicals available in the mNSO powders, respectively. Amounts of TQ and TBHQ encapsulated by the GA, GI, and GW were no significant difference. Similar fatty acid profiles were observed in all microcapsules. The solubilities of the mixed microcapsules (87-93%) were significantly higher than that of mGA (P < 0.05). Also, the wettabilities of mGI and mGW (11 & 14 mins) were significantly faster than those of mGA and mGM. Based on the DPPH assay for antioxidant activity of microcapsules, the % inhibition of mGI was the highest at all concentrations. The cytotoxicity of mGI on Caco-2 cells was 182.5 µg/mL. The trained panelists could significantly distinguish sensory attributes of soybean milk and low fat cow milk containing 10 mg of TQ from mGI or NSO per serving size (P < 0.05). The overall mean acceptability scores of each fortified milk products were mild to moderate (5.9 – 6.6) but no significant difference among the samples. Therefore, the fortification of mNSO into health food products should be further study to improve acceptability and nutrition.


As Stephen Shaw notes in his concluding chapter to this volume which has stemmed from a 1998 symposium on prisons architecture, this subject has been of little interest to academics, reformers and administrators (with one or two exceptions, such as the editors of this volume). This, I think, is a great pity. For academics, as Robin Evans (1982) beautifully illustrated, the architecture of nineteenth century prisons is just as an important key to understanding their place in modern society as their internal arrangements. Indeed, given the symbolism attached to the display of premodern and early nineteenth century penal arrangements in Foucault's (1978) Discipline and punish, it now seems regrettable that this theme was not followed through in the book's subsequent exposition of the birth of the prison. For historians, prison architecture has the potential to be understood as an important feature of our cultural heritage as, in relation to the United Kingdom, Allan Brodie and colleagues (Brodie, Croom and Davies, 1999) have skilfully demonstrated. For reformers and administrators there is much to be learned from past architectural and design mistakes. The now notorious Risley prison, built in the north of England in the 1960s, was intended to throw off the dark, gloomy legacy of Victorian prisons building. Smaller cells became the order of the day in this era of prison building, based on the assumption that their inhabitants would spend most of the day outside of them – working, learning, training and so on, as befits the expectations of a humane prisons programme in a civilized society such as Britain. If the architects at work on these designs are not to be blamed for the subsequent cramming of three, sometimes four prisoners into one of these cells for up to 23 hours a day as a result of the unanticipated growth of the prison population in the 1970s and 1980s, they must surely take some responsibility for not bothering to ask pertinent questions about sanitary and hygiene arrangements when these prisons were being designed. In addition, architectural design is of considerable importance to situational crime prevention within the prison, as Weser notes: 'when inmates feel safe, the likelihood of violent behaviour is lessened' (p. 52). But here too, 'there has been little discussion of the role of design in influencing the likelihood of inmates' violent behaviour' (p. 48). So will this book kindle interest where there has been so little before? I am not sure, unfortunately, particularly in relation to the stimulation of academic interest, since the standard of papers presented here is something of a mixed bag. There is a tendency in some for the obvious to be stated; for example, 'personal safety is of prime importance to inmates, staff and other prison users, and its provision is a basic duty of the prison authorities . . .' (p. 45). Elsewhere, important issues are raised, but because of the rather narrow range of contributors (an imbalance perhaps between academics and those from the policy and prison building and design sectors) are not developed as they have the potential to be. For example, the chapter by Derbyshire on 'Architects and prison experience' notes that in the United States, 'since many of the federal prisons are located in city centres, the architects take great care to establish an attractive public interface, balancing the need for the building to look approachable with the necessary symbols of incarceration and acknowledging demands of civic pride in sensitive urban design' (p. 56). Does this mean, then, that there is a greater tolerance for the visibility of prison in urban America than in the rest of the English-speaking world, where prison building PUNISHMENT AND SOCIETY 7(1)


This paper presents the application of model error correction (VEC), aimed at measuring the cointegration of two or more time series, or prove that the characteristics of the series are significantly similar and that shocks in one of them alters to a similar extent the behavior of the other. For the analysis is taken as an example trajectories cointegration for gross domestic product (GDP) and the level of traditional exports in Colombia, including for quarterly periods between January 2000 and the third quarter of 2013. It finds a vector cointegration explaining a common evolution for these two variables in the long run, which concluded that an increase of 1 % in exports generates domestic product growth of 0.22 %.


The utility model provides a gradient pressure socks, including socks body, elasticity inlayer, ventilative layer, ankle elasticity ring, gradient elastic band and multi -disc shank elasticity piece, ventilative layer sets up on the medial surface of socks body, and the elasticity inlayer sets up on the medial surface on ventilative layer, and socks body, elasticity inlayer and ventilative layer hot pressing become the pressure socks body of a body structure, ankle elasticity ring sets up the ankle department at pressure socks body, and the gradient elastic band sets up the shank department at pressure socks body, and the shank department internal diameter of pressure socks body is greater than the internal diameter of ankle elasticity ring, and the gradient elastic band alternately comprises the elastic band body that many intervals set up, and 45 slopes are personally submitted with the level to the elastic band body, multi -disc shank elasticity piece evenly distributed is located the shank department of pressure socks body on pressure socks body. The utility model discloses can be cascaded alleviate shank pressure, effectively protect foot and shank, various foot problems such as avoid artery varix, flat foot, big toe to turn up, the ankle is sprained.


The maximum allowable dose level (MADL) for di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) is 4200 micrograms/day (μg/day) for exposure by intravenous injection (i.v.). This MADL was based on the male reproductive effects observed in rats by Cammack et al. (2003). In this study, decreased testicular weights and histopathological changes were found in male rats (3-5 days of age at the beginning of treatment) treated intraveneously for 21 days with DEHP at 300 and 600 mg/kg-day. Testicular effects were not seen in rats treated at 60 mg/kg-day, the dose therefore identified as the No Observable Effect Level (NOEL) in this study. The testicular effects of DEHP observed in rats are considered relevant to humans, based on mechanistic and other relevant data.


Objective To identify the dependability of monocyte chemoattractant protein(MCP-1)and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)in the expression of carcinoma of bladder and approach the relation between inflammation and carcinoma of bladder.Methods Immunohistochemistry investigate the expression of MCP-1and VEGF.Results Both MCP-1 and VEGF have higher expression in carcinoma of bladder than in normal bladder tissue(P0.01),furthermore,three is a positive correlation between MCP-1 and VEGF.Conclusion That MCP-1 activate mononuclear phagocytic system under chronic inflammation,which induce VEGF expression have a close correlation with the carcinogenesis of bladder.


Early childhood forms the fundamental basis for developing various social-emotional skills and represents a unique opportunity to lay the foundation for healthy development. Insensitive learning environments in early childhood may lead to social-emotional difficulties, increasing the risk of developing severe behavioral problems. However, professional development (PD) opportunities that support early childhood education professionals' (ECEPs) knowledge and skills to promote young children's social and emotional development are scarce. In Finland, notably, the increasing need to enhance competence through further training has been widely recognized. Therefore, this study introduced the POMPedaSens program in early childhood education and care (ECEC) in Finland. The program aims to promote children's social-emotional learning (SEL) by supporting ECEPs' engagement and emotional availability. As a universal intervention program, POMPedaSens includes all children in ECEC regardless of risk factors. The present study included 200 children (MAGE = 72.27 months, SD = 5.48; 53% girls) and 62 ECEPs (MAGE = 43.82 years, SD = 11.71; 95% female). ECEPs received the intervention training to implement the curriculum in their everyday daycare routine. The present study describes the program design, implementation, and results from a preliminary evaluation of the social validity of the POMPedaSens program, measured by the ECEPs' satisfaction with the program. The results of the social validity evaluation suggested high teachers' satisfaction and improved children's SEL. These findings prove that the program may effectively build ECEPs' capacity to promote children's SEL.


Architecture to loosely coupled architecture. Reusability has been playing the important role in software process and tools development since last decade. Software industry is to achieve intense perfection in throughput and superiority because of reusability in development process. In this paper, I will going to discuss the guideline to pattern authoring for web services with loosely coupled architecture. This pattern will provide framework for creation of web service with highest amount of reusability.


This paper analyses the changes in radiative feedbacks between CanESM2 and CanESM5.0. The authors show that cloud feedbacks are the main driver for the change in feedbacks. Then, they decompose the cloud feedback into components (fraction, optical depth, altitude) to investigate the main drivers for the changes. Given that CanESM5 is the model with the largest effective climate sensitivity of the CMIP6 ensemble, and that it shows a large change with respect to CanESM2, the topic of this paper is very relevant for the climate community. The results are important because they add to the recent body of literature on the reasons for the increase in EffCS between CMIP5 and CMIP6 models. The paper is logically structured, clearly written, and the conclusions are supported by a clear methodology. I recommend publication after minor revision.


To prevent the problem of premature convergence frequently appeared in the particle swarm optimization(PSO),a method is proposed,which selects particles stochastically to perform the conjugate gradient algorithm when the PSO stagnates.The calculation information of the conjugate gradient algorithm is employed to affect the update of the particle speed so as to maintain the particle activation and avoid local optima.Unlike the existing PSO algorithms,the presented method integrates the global search ability of the PSO and the powerful local search ability of the conjugate gradient algorithm.Thus,the problem of premature convergence of the PSO algorithm is prevented.Simulation results show that the method has better performance for different dimensioned nonlinear functions.


For the implicit nonlinear functional relation model a new corrected contrast estimation procedure is proposed, which is based on the deconvolution idea and eliminates the nuisance parameters in the usual minimum contrast function. The sufficient conditions for consistency are given. Several examples are considered including L1 and L2 methods.


In this paper, we consider performing packet managements in discrete time status updating system, focusing on determining the stationary AoI-distribution of the system. Firstly, let the queue model be Ber/G/1/1, we obtain the AoI-distribution by introducing a two-dimensional AoI-stochastic process and solving its steady state, which describes the random evolutions of AoI and age of packet in system simultaneously. In this case, actually we analyze a more general queue called probabilistic preemption Ber/G/1/1, where the packet service is allowed to be preempted with certain probabilities. As a special case, stationary AoI-distribution for the system with Ber/Geo/1/1 queue is obtained either. For the system having size 2, two specific queues are considered, i.e., the Ber/Geo/1/2 and Ber/Geo/1/2* queues. The core idea to find the stationary AoI-distribution is that the random transitions of three-dimensional vector including AoI at the receiver, the packet age in service, and the age of waiting packet can be fully described, such that a three-dimensional AoI process is constituted. The stationary distribution of three-dimensional process then gives the stationary AoI distribution as one of its marginal distributions. For both cases, the explicit expressions of AoI-distribution are derived, thus giving the complete description of the steady state AoI for the system. For all the cases, since the steady state of a larger-dimensional AoI process is solved, so that except the AoI-distribution, we obtain more. For instance, the distributions of packet system time and waiting time for size-two updating system, and the so-called violation probabilities that AoI exceeds certain threshold.


New drug combination. It includes a. at least 5-fluorouracil and b. uracil, 5-fluorouracil is being selected from the compounds of formula:


As a result of the promulgation of occupational noise exposure regulations by the Federal government, there are a number of commercial noise exposure meters on the market today that provide a measure of noise integrated (with appropriate weighting) over a time interval. This report presents the results of an evaluation of such instruments by the National Bureau of Standards (under the sponsorship of the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency) as to their usefulness in monitoring compliance with occupational noise regulations as well as their applicability as instruments for use in achieving the broader goals of the EPA. Tests were designed and conducted to evaluate microphone and system response to sound of random incidence, frequency response, crest factor capability, accuracy of the exchange rate circuitry, performance of the noise exposure meter as a function of temperature, and the dependence of the device on battery voltage. The rationale of the test procedures utilized to evaluate overall system as well as specific performance attributes, details of the measurement techniques, and results obtained are discussed.


Researchers have suggested that the condensation of low-molecular-weight aldehydes under basic conditions (e.g., pH > 11) is the prebiotic reaction responsible for the abiotic formation of carbohydrates. It has also been suggested that surface hydrothermal systems were ubiquitous during the early Archean period. Therefore, the catalysis of prebiotic carbohydrate synthesis by metallic oxide minerals under acidic conditions in these environments seems considerably more probable than the more widely hypothesized reaction routes. This study investigates the stability of DL-glyceraldehyde and its reaction products under the simulated conditions of an Archean surface hydrothermal system. The Hveradalur geothermal area in Iceland was selected as an analog of such a system. HPLC-ESIMS, UV–Vis spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy and XPS spectroscopy were used to analyze the reaction products. In hot (323 K) and acidic (pH 2) solutions under the presence of suspended iron(III) oxide hydroxide powder, DL-glyceraldehyde readily decomposes into low-molecular-weight compounds and transforms into sugar-like molecules via condensation reactions.


Some patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) are refractory to proton pump inhibitor (PPI) therapy. Anti‐reflux mucosectomy (ARMS) is a minimally invasive endoscopic procedure for treatment of GERD. In this study, we retrospectively evaluated the outcomes of ARMS performed in patients with PPI‐refractory GERD at our institution.


Royal demolition explosive (RDX) can induce seizures in wildlife and humans following release into the environment or after voluntary consumption. During the Vietnam War, RDX intoxication was the most common cause of generalized seizures in US service personnel, and in some sections of the armed forces, eating of RDX has continued as "a dare" to this day. After its mechanism of action was long unknown, RDX was recently shown to be a GABAA receptor antagonist. We here determined the GABAA receptor subtype‐selectivity of RDX and mapped its functional binding site.


The invention relates to a fixing device (1) for fixing a sanitary appliance (2) on a mounting opening (3) a support (4), with a mounting base (5) for mounting on an outer side (6) of the pad in a the mounting opening surrounding holding position is formed and to which the sanitary fitting is mountable. The fixing base has screw passage openings (7), counter-holding elements (8) which (9) are formed in the base in each case into abutment on an inner side, and fastening screws (10) passing each inserted through one of the screws through openings and are held there on the head side and foot side in one of the counter-holding elements are screwed. a mounting clearance (11) is formed according to the invention in an assembly configuration of the fixing device (1) between the respective screw passage opening (7) and the inserted therethrough the fixing screw (10). By means of the assembly clearances are pre-assembled to the mounting bolts holding-members (8) tilting under the fastening screws towards each other in a mounting position wherein they fit passing through the attachment hole (3). Additionally or alternatively, the fastening device according to the invention comprises a flexible strap (12) connecting at least two of the counter-holding elements in such a way that this self Returning by a counter-holding position in which it does not fit through the mounting hole and in which they are on the inside (9) of the base ( 4) can be applied, are movable in an insertion position, in which they fit through the mounting aperture. Use Eg, sanitary outlet fittings.


2979-Pos Board B84 Structure-Based Design of Phospholamban Mutants for Treatment of Heart Failure Simon J. Gruber, David D. Thomas. Ca2þ cycling through the SR in muscle cells is largely controlled by the Capump (SERCA). SERCA transports Ca2þ into the SR, allowing muscles to relax, and is inhibited by phospholamban (PLB) at submicromolar [Ca2þ]. PLB inhibition can be relieved by adrenergic stimulation, leading to PLB phosphorylation. Heart Failure (HF), which contributes to 12% of US deaths, can be caused by a variety of genetic or environmental factors, but a common symptom is decreased SERCA activity. We are using EPR and NMR to study the relationships among structure, dynamics, and function of PLB, with the goal of designing LOF-PLB mutants (PLBM) that can compete with WT-PLB and thus relieve SERCA inhibition. Several studies have shown that a pseudophosphorylated PLB (S16E-PLB) is effective for gene therapy in rodents and sheep, and we are using spectroscopic methods to refine this approach. We have developed a system for examining the function and interactions of SERCA and PLB in HEK cells. Active SERCA is expressed and cells are co-transfected with WT-PLB and/or PLBM to measure SERCA inhibition in living cells. Effects of PLB/PLBM on SERCA specific activity (s ), as well as PLB oligomeric states are characterized in stable cells lines. We can also measure a mutant's ability to compete with WT-PLB by measuring fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) between labeled SERCA and WT-PLB. If PLBM displaces WT-PLB, less energy is transferred between fluorophores and a decrease in FRET is observed. Preliminary results have led to rAAVmediated expression of a PLBM (P21G) in cardiomyocytes of a rat HF model, increasing contractility to near WT levels.


How might a book review—or a book itself for that matter—change in scope or meaning if its readers are under quarantine? For those of us living in an altered state due to the COVID-19 public health crisis, nothing is as it was. So why should reading and reviewing a book like Archival Values: Essays in Honor of Mark A. Greene be any different? When libraries, archives, historical societies, and college classrooms closed to the public to slow the spread of a deadly disease, many archivists and librarians went into exile. Our reading rooms and our researchers, our collections and our facilities, were off limits. For some of us, our very livelihoods are at risk (or worse, were laid waste) by these closures. What would Mark Greene have said? What would he have done? And for those who don't yet know who Mark Greene was, why do his archival values matter? And why now?


1. Preface 2. 1 The extraordinary fate of Peri hermeneias 3. 2 Aristotle's text 4. 3 Commentary to Aristotle 5. 4 Ammonius: Commentary 6. 5 Commentary to Ammonius 7. 6 Boethius: Commentary 8. 7 Commentary to Boethius 9. 8 Abaelard: Glosses 10. 9 Commentary to Abaelard 11. 10 Albertus Magnus: Paraphrase 12. 11 Commentary to Albert 13. 12 Thomas Aquinas: Expositio 14. 13 Commentary to Thomas 15. 14 Martinus de Dacia: Quaestiones 16. 15 Commentary to Martin 17. 16 Johannes a S.Thoma: Ars logica 18. 17 Commentary to John of St.Thomas 19. 18 James Harris, an Aristotelian of the 18th cent 20. References 21. Concordance 22. Index of Persons


ABSTRACT Analysis of Candida albicans cells using antibodies directed against Gas1p/Ggp1p, Saccharomyces cerevisiaehomolog of Phr1p, revealed that Phr1p is a glycoprotein of about 88 kDa whose accumulation increases with the rise of external pH. This polypeptide is present both in the yeast form and during germ tube induction. In the Phr1− cells at pH 8 the solubility of glucans in alkali is greatly affected. In the parental strain the alkali-soluble/-insoluble glucan ratio shows a 50% decrease at pH 8 with respect to pH 4.5, whereas in the null mutant it is unchanged, indicating the lack of a polymer cross-linker activity induced by the rise of pH. The mutant has a sixfold increase in chitin level and is hypersensitive to calcofluor. Consistently with a role of chitin in strengthening the cell wall, Phr1− cells are more sensitive to nikkomycin Z than the parental strain.


Faith Makes Us Live: Surviving and Thriving in the Haitian Diaspora, by Margarita A. Mooney. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 2009. ISBN 978-0520260344. 302 pp. $55.00 cloth, $21.95 paper. In a transnational comparison of the types of cultural and institutional mediation available to Haitian Catholics living in the Diaspora, Margarita A. Mooney reveals the Catholic Church, and in particular its laypeople, to be an invaluable resource for immigrants in their struggle to adapt to their new surroundings. A fellow Catholic, Mooney participated in Church activities in Haitian communities in Miami, Montreal, and Paris in a sustained effort to "meet them where they are." Her research reveals their adaptive strategies to be consistent despite context, and that crucial differences exist at the state level - a reality that precludes upward mobility for many Haitians, she concludes. Faced with high unemployment rates (more than double those of the local average) as well as cultural and linguistic barriers, some Haitians in the Diaspora form organizations to assist with practical matters such as asylum and citizenship, and to provide help finding housing and work. Such organizations are generally run by Haitian laypeople dedicated to their community, thereby helping to sustain that which sustains them. Despite individual successes, the efforts of these organizations are limited largely by the separation between church and state in all three of the societies Mooney examined. Furthermore, there is limited funding (at best) for the operation of such organizations. One exception is the unique oasis of Little Haiti in Miami. The difference with Little Haiti, Mooney purports, lies in the mutuality and cooperation between community leaders and politicians in Miami and the United States. Compared to Montreal or Paris, the US government is more willing to assist with funding faith-based initiatives. Mooney incorporates several excerpted interviews from each site as a way of demonstrating the lived experiences of those with whom she came in contact, their strategies for surviving, and their hopes that their children will thrive in an environment that affords them far more opportunities than they had in Haiti. Another way in which their faith provides for them in the adaptive process is through their use and identification with biblical narratives - narratives of hope that mirror their migratory experiences - as well as their common belief in another Catholic doctrine, incarnation. Haitian Catholics believe that God, Jesus, and Mary accompanied them during their migrations. Mooney finds these religious figures remain present in their lives, a sustaining force upon which they may rely and to whom they pray, fervently and constantly. Despite its many strengths and important transnational scope, Mooney's work is undeniably shortsighted and overlooks several critical aspects of Haitian identity and history that would have strengthened her assessment of the lived adaptive strategies of her subjects. Admittedly, her work is already ambitious in examining state and federal governmental policies surrounding both the reception and support of immigrant populations whose migrations have been undertaken out of necessity and in the interest of finding political asylum. Unfortunately, given her stated methods and admitted constant adjustment of her approach and proposed task, Mooney's study is overly simplistic. It lacks perspective and research on Haitian culture and religion, not to mention the political and economic factors that precipitated the massive migrations out of Haiti. What it seems to overlook most of all, however, is an appreciation for the fact that the very population with which she was engaging - Haitian Catholics - is undoubtedly made up of individuals who also serve the spirits of Haitian Vodou. While this is mentioned once by an informant in Paris and by the author herself in the appendix where she outlines her methodology and acknowledges the limitations of her work, Mooney largely ignores this fact, stating simply that, "if present, Vodou practice at my field sites was relatively weak" (246). …


Recent population trends in Mexico are explored. The authors note that population growth rates have begun to decline primarily because fertility has started to decline. The significance of rural-urban migration, particularly among the young, and of the rapid growth of the urban population is discussed.


Inthispaper,forthefirst time, aninsulated gate bipolar transistor withan improved buffer isproposed to improve theIGBTlosses. Thestructure oftheproposed device is almost identical withthatoftheconventional IGBT,except for thebuffer layerwhichisformedbyemploying a veryhighly dopedstripped n+andaweaklydopedn-structure. Compared withtheconventional PT-IGBT,theproposed device exhibits a better trade-off relation between theconduction andswitching losses. Aninteresting feature oftheimproved IGBTisthatits on- resistance(on-state losses) can be largely decreased at the expenditure ofa moderate andneglectable increase inturn-off time. Theweaklydopedn-buffer region leads toahighinjection efficiency anodeproviding an optimumlevelofconductivity modulation required foragiven on-state voltage dropinthen- drift region, while theveryhighly dopedn+buffer region results inalowinjection anodeaccelerating thedevice turn-off. Detailed physical mechanisms aregiven. Keywords-insulated gatebipolar transistor; powerdevice; novel buffer, better trade-off I ~~~~~~~~~ Ii1-il


A shorted patch antenna (SPA) has a major issue of high cross-polarized radiation in the H plane, which has greatly limited its applications. This article presents a simple technique to overcome this fundamental disadvantage of the SPA by creating and exploring the coupled TM0,1/2 mode. The resultant antenna is termed the cross-polarization suppressed SPA (XPS-SPA). A theoretical model is developed to provide physical insight into the reduction of cross-polarized radiation and to determine the optimal width for the coupled elements. Several types of SPAs were designed and fabricated to validate the analysis. Measured results show that the novel antenna not only achieved a reduction of 25 dB in the peak level of cross-polarized radiation but also an enhancement of 1.2 dB in the gain and miniaturization of 22% in the electrical size as compared with those of the conventional SPA.


+is paper analyzes the wear of the support spring of sprag clutches for different structural parameters during overrunning state. Specifically, the stiffness model of the support spring is established based on the characteristics of the variable helix angle, and also the supporting force model is established according to the energy conservation law during the working process of the sprag clutch. Meanwhile, the relative rotation speed between the support spring and the wedge is analyzed by dynamic simulation method. Furthermore, the wear model of the support spring in process of overrunning is established based on Archard wear theory. +e results show that there is a linear relationship between supporting force and spring radial displacement compression. In addition, increasing free length and wire diameter of springs will aggravate the wear of springs, whereas enlarging pitch diameter of springs will reduce it. When free length is increased from 270 to 290mm, the wear time is reduced by 20.88%; when wire diameter is increased from 0.5 to 0.7mm, the wear time is reduced by 42.75%; when pitch diameter is increased from 2 to 2.4mm, the wear time is increased by 3.35%. +e degree of influence of the structural parameters on the spring wear from large to small is free length, wire diameter, and pitch diameter. Exactly speaking, when wear time is 100 hr, the relative sensitivity of structural parameters affecting the wear of the support spring is in order of free length (2.2), wire diameter (0.97), and pitch diameter (0.08). +e research provides a reference for the design and optimization of the support spring for highly reliable sprag clutches.


Declaration I, Demetrio Basil Tzitzivacos declare that this dissertation is my own, unaided work. It is being submitted for the degree of Masters of Medicine (Haematology) at the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa. It has not been submitted before for any degree or examination at any other University. Viral genetic determinants of nonprogressive HIV-1 subtype C infection in antiretroviral drug naïve children. (In preparation). ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS  Dr Maria Papathanasopoulos for the excellent supervision and guidance throughout the course of this study.  Professor Wendy Stevens for her ongoing encouragement during supervision of this project and the opportunity to do this research. Diseases) for providing the primary viral isolates used in this study. Abstract Objectives: Characterization of HIV-1 from slow progressors (SP) is important to facilitate vaccine and antiviral drug development. In order to identify virus attenuations that may contribute to slower rates of disease progression, the full viral genomes from primary isolates of six slow progressing HIV-positive children were sequenced. Methods: Primary virus biological phenotypes were determined by growth in CCR5-and CXCR4-expressing U87.CD4 cell lines. Proviral DNA was isolated from co-cultured PBMCs, and the near full-length genomes and LTR regions were PCR amplified, sequenced and analysed. Predicted amino acid (aa) sequences for all the HIV-1 proteins were extensively analyzed. Results: All primary HIV-1 isolates utilized CCR5, and were determined to be HIV-1 subtype C by phylogenetic analysis. Predicted aa sequence analysis revealed open reading frames for all HIV-1 genes which encoded for proteins of the expected length, with several exceptions. For example, isolate LT5 had a 2 aa insertion in the Vpr mitochondriotoxic domain. Isolate LT21 contained an additional 5aa in the C-terminus of tat exon 2, while the integrase enzyme in isolate LT39 had an additional 3aa at the C-terminus. Rev from isolates LT45 and LT46 did not have the characteristic subtype C 16aa truncation, and in addition, had a further 3aa. In addition, altered functional domains was noted in several isolates, such as the cAMP-dependent kinase PKA phosphorylation site in Nef (LT5), a Vpr mutation involved in decreasing pro-apoptotic activity (LT42), and the Nef ExxxLL motif involved in the interaction with AP-1 and AP-2 (LT46). Conclusions: The slower HIV disease progression in these six children may be attributed to altered protein functions. For example, LT46 Nef is unable to bind AP-1 and AP-2 and therefore inactive on CD4 endocytosis. The biological relevance of these findings requires …


The applicability of the traditional compact expressions for estimating the regional signal-delay times of heterojunction bipolar transistors is examined by means of a comparison with numerical device simulation. Regional partitioning in the numerical simulations is achieved by means of a simple phenomenological scheme. It is shown that the traditional expression for the emitter delay is inadequate due to a neglect of both the stored free charge within the emitter-base, space-charge region, and the stored charge in the quasi-neutral emitter. The importance of properly choosing the effective collection velocity when estimating the base delay is demonstrated by considering the effects of band-gap narrowing, quasi-ballistic transport, and hot-electron injection. It is pointed out that the effects of finite charge in the collector-base, space-charge region cannot be neglected when computing the collector delay.The applicability of the traditional compact expressions for estimating the regional signal-delay times of heterojunction bipolar transistors is examined by means of a comparison with numerical device simulation. Regional partitioning in the numerical simulations is achieved by means of a simple phenomenological scheme. It is shown that the traditional expression for the emitter delay is inadequate due to a neglect of both the stored free charge within the emitter-base, space-charge region, and the stored charge in the quasi-neutral emitter. The importance of properly choosing the effective collection velocity when estimating the base delay is demonstrated by considering the effects of band-gap narrowing, quasi-ballistic transport, and hot-electron injection. It is pointed out that the effects of finite charge in the collector-base, space-charge region cannot be neglected when computing the collector delay.


Metal rich black shales (MRBS) are formed in a variety of sedimentary environments that are generally associated with anoxic and/or euxinic water that is stratified. Soluble hydrogen sulfide combines with and chemically reduces metals and the lack of oxygen preserves the metal sulfides and organic matter. To define these environments, laboratory methods such as organic carbon, sulfur and iron analysis, as well as Rock-eval, carbon isotopes, and degree of pyritization determinations are used. The advantages and pitfalls of these methods are given along with examples. Metals for these MRBS come mainly from rock weathering on land and possibly thermal waters from basins. Metal sources can be discemed by abundances and ratios between rocks and seawater. A new deposit type: Ni-rich shales is discussed in terms of organic matter and metal sources. The economics of mining MRBS are complicated by the chemistry needed to selectively extract the particular metals/elements of use and to control and sequester the remaining material from the environment, rather than the bulk mining costs.


The availability of channel state information (CSI) at the transmitter is crucial to multiple-input multiple-output orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM) systems to suppress interference with precoding techniques. In a MIMO-OFDM frequency division duplex (FDD) system, the amount of CSI required by the transmitter increases linear with the number of subcarriers, and therefore becomes prohibitive for a large bandwidth configuration. Conventional schemes based on broadband analog CSI feedback can reduce the overhead, but has limitations to achieve higher spectral efficiency and feedback robustness. In this paper we first propose a novel broadband analog CSI feedback framework for MIMO-OFDM systems based on the distributed compressive sensing (DCS) theory. Then, we further optimize this framework to maximize its feedback benefits. By exploiting the sparse common support (joint sparsity) inherent in MIMO channels and taking advantage of the high efficiency of DCS in encoding original MIMO channels, the proposed framework is capable of significantly reducing the overhead and enhancing the robustness. The numerical results validate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.


In order to clarify the relation between the magnetically induced phase separation and the recording media characteristics, the thermodynamic calculations of Co–Cr–Pt–B and Co–Cr–Pt–Ta systems have been carried out by using the available binary assessment data and Miedema's semiempirical values. B is segregated to the boundary in a similar manner as Cr, which makes the boundary region paramagnetic. This result is consistent with available data that B weakens the intergranular magnetic coupling and increases the magnetic anisotropy in Co–Cr–Pt recording media. By adding Ta, the Cr content in the paramagnetic phase is also increased, reducing the intergranular magnetic coupling. However, the Ta content in the ferromagnetic phase is higher than in the paramagnetic phase, decreasing the magnetic anisotropy. Accordingly, the thermodynamic calculations successfully explain experimental magnetic data for Co–Cr–Pt–B and Co–Cr–Pt–Ta recording media.


In this study, it is included an analysis of master's and doctoral theses, which made in the field of psychology of religion between 1963 and 2012 in Turkey. In addition, it is included a brief history of the psychology of religion in the academy in Turkey. The purpose of this study is creating a database of the PhD thesis on the psychology of religion, and to offer it to the researchers and graduate students. In addition, it is aimed to show the way for new studies, by the analyzes of the theses. Methodologically, the related literature is reviewed and catalogs of different institutions are scanned and academics in the field are interviewed. Based on the information obtained, theses classified as MA and PhD thesis, and arranged in alphabetical order with reference to names of authors. Topics, which contained in the titles of theses, are detected and this data is analyzed.