Collection of the following decisions by the Trial Chamber in the case Prosecutor v. Dusko Tadic, case number IT-94-1: Decision on Prosecution Motion to Withdraw Protective Measures for Witness L., Decision on Prosecution Motion for Production of Defence Witness Statements, Decision on the Prosecutor's Motion Requesting Delayed Release of Recordings of the Proceedings, Decision on the Prosecutor's Motion Requesting Protective Measures for Victims and Witnesses, and Decision on the Defense Motion on Jurisdiction (rule 73)


The present study numerically investigated the effect of tube arrangement of the high temperature generator (HTG) on the thermal performance of a double effect LiBr-water absorption system with the cooling capacity of 210 refrigeration tons. The HTG tubes were located after a metal fiber burner. The HTG was consisted with a set of circular tubes and flattened tubes in series. LiBr aqueous weak solution was flowed into the generator tube, and then turned to strong solution at the exit of the HTG tubes. FLUENT, as a commercial code, was used to estimate the thermal performance of the HTG. Standard k-e model was applied for combustion gas-side turbulent flow around the HTG tubes. Key parameters were size of the circular tubes and spacing ratio of flattened and circular tubes in HTG. Temperature and velocity profiles around the tubes of the HTG with the same total heat transfer area were calculated to estimate the thermal performance of the HTG and to find out the optimal condition. The minimum exhaust temperature of the HTG was 214� at the spacing ratio of flattened tube of 0.73.


BACKGROUND
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is significantly associated with life events stress.

AIM
To investigate the relationship between ulcerative colitis, and life events stress.

METHODS
A prospective study of 30 patients with ulcerative colitis and 30 healthy controls. A semi-structured psychiatric interview and clinical mental state examination were used in the psychiatric assessment of the patients and controls. Psychiatric diagnoses were made according to ICD-10. A modified version of Life Events Scale by Tennant and Andrews was used in the assessment of life events stress.

RESULTS
Life events stress were significantly experienced by more patients than the controls. The total number of life events, the number of individual significant life events and the total number of unpleasant events were all significantly more in patients than the controls.

CONCLUSIONS
In this study the association between the ulcerative colitis and life events stress is substantiated at all levels. However, further more extensive studies are needed to elucidate the nature of this relationship.


The thermoelectric properties of double-filled skutterudites Ca0.1CexCo4Sb12 (x = 0.05, 0.10 and 0.15) were investigated at temperatures ranging from 300 to 775 K. The results showed that the addition of Ca and Ce as filler atoms into CoSb3 led to a substantial decrease in lattice thermal conductivity. The minimum lattice thermal conductivity of 2.76 W K−1 m−1 was observed in the sample Ca0.1Ce0.15Co4Sb12 at 323 K. This is a 69% reduction as compared with pristine CoSb3. Moreover, filling the voids of the skutterudite crystal lattice with Ca and Ce atoms led to a transition from semiconducting-like behaviour (i.e. dρ/dT < 0) to metallic behaviour (i.e. dρ/dT > 0) as well as a change in the sign of the Seebeck coefficient. The highest dimensionless figure of merit, ZT, was obtained for the sample Ca0.1Ce0.15Co4Sb12. Specifically, it reached ZT of 0.83 at 677 K, which is double that of single-filled Ca0.2Co4Sb12 reported in the literature.


There seems little dispute that historically, investigation and prosecution of sexual assault have left a great deal to be desired. Police have been notoriously nonresponsive to reports of sexual assault, if not outright hostile.' Prosecutors have been reluctant to prosecute all but the most blatant and violent of sexual assaults2 and judges have instructed juries in a manner further burdening those cases which have hurdled the investigative/prosecutive barrier. 3 When prosecution has been brought, cross-examination of the complaining witness traditionally has permitted inquiry into past consensual sexual activities, resulting in publication of the most private aspect of a person's life under the guise of "relevance to consent." '4 But perhaps the most serious problem of all is one antecedent to all of these: the reluctance of victims of


which gives long lists of answers for each condition, repeating them for all the others, but not highlighting major problems. Rather than saying that ROM is reduced (in most chapters) it might be more powerful to write in greater length about regaining movement in all damaged hands. The sensory retraining section (chapter 9) is excellent as is the social work chapter (chapter 43). The ideal book on rehabilitation will make sure


Conventional combustion techniques struggle to meet the current emissions norms. In particular, oxides of nitrogen (NOx ) and particulate matter (PM) emissions have limited the utilization of diesel fuel in compression ignition engines. Advance combustion concepts have proved the potential to combine fuel efficiency and improved emissions performance. Low Temperature Combustion (LTC) offers reduced NOx and PM emissions with comparable modern diesel engine efficiencies. The ability of premixed, low-temperature compression ignition to deliver low PM and NOx emissions is dependent on achieving optimal combustion phasing. Diesel operated LTC is limited by early knocking combustion whereas conventional gasoline operated LTC is limited by misfiring. So the concept of using an unconventional fuel with the properties in between those two boundary fuels has been experimented in this paper. Low octane (84 RON) gasoline has shown comparable diesel efficiencies with lowest NOx emissions at reasonable high power densities (NOx emission were 1 g/kW-hr at 12 bar BMEP and 2750 rpm).Copyright © 2010 by ASME


A series of metal complexes of 2-aminobenzoquinoline prepared by C–H activation show molecular recognition effects. For example, ketones bound both by N–H⋯O hydrogen bonding and by coordination to a metal show selectivity of binding and dynamic properties not found when the hydrogen bonding function is omitted. N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) are prepared by C–H activation reactions of imidazolium salts with the goal of understanding and using molecular recognition effects in homogeneous catalysis. Abnormal binding via C5 is seen in some cases.


Although the seismic reflection technique dominates geophysical exploration in terms of expenditure, the seismic refraction method has important practical applications in the fields of civil engineering, water prospecting and mineral exploration, for which the targets are all at shallow depths. Seismic refraction surveys are both inexpensive and reliable, providing information about geologically significant factors such as the depth to bedrock, the level of the groundwater table, and the location of faults or shear zones. Sjogren provides a much-needed volume devoted solely to shallow refraction seismics. The only other work dedicated to a wide range of seismic refraction topics was the 1967 SEG publication Seismic Refraction Prospecting, a collection of multi-author current research papers. Sjogren's book has the advantages of an integrated single-author approach. This approach permits the development of a more complete background to the subject and, since a common notation is used, comparisons between different methods are more easily made. In addition, the author is able to provide a complete interpretation package for shallow refraction data, by discussing several complementary methods of analysis and illustrating these with many examples and case histories. Nearly half of the book is devoted to discussions of interpretation techniques. Utilizing only simple algebra and geometry, Sjogren covers four methods for depth determination and two for refractor velocity analysis. Favour is given to methods used in Scandinavia since the forties and to methods related to the author's own research. Among the techniques described are the ABC method (or method of differences), Hales' method, and the mean-minus-T method (similar to the plus-minus method). Sjogren also discusses in detail the possible sources of error for various techniques by analysing the effect of variations from the assumed geometry, such as small-scale depressions or low-velocity zones. The final portion of the book contains extensive discussions about practical applications of the interpretation methods. The examples are divided into two sets. In the first set, travel-time curves are analysed by a variety of methods, in which the aim is to clarify which technique should be used in which situation. In the second set, the seismic results and their geological interpretation are applied to several specific projects. For example, the resolution of low-velocity shear zones is shown to be important both in water prospecting and in decisions concerning the driving of tunnels. Although a complete and up-to-date reference list is given the author purposely does not deal with either delay time or wavefront methods, claiming that they are less reliable or more laborious. However, the book might have benefited if at least short discussions of these widely known techniques were included. Such discussions would serve possibly to support the author's claim about the methods' lack of effectiveness and to make his book even more of a complete survey of the field. Nevertheless, I can highly recommend Sjogren's book for geophysics students, professional geophysicists and geologists interested in shallow refraction seismics. Overall, the author is very successful in presenting all that is needed to understand and carry out practical interpretations of refraction data. G. D. S. Reference


The paper studied the necessity and strategic meanings of concentrating apple industry in the dominant area of China by analysis development trend and changing Characters of domestic and interational apple production distribution.The strategy that concentrating apple industry in superior district suggested by the authors of this article is an inevitalbe trend and a basic request to realize commercializing production of apple under market economics,it is for the benefit of specialization and standardization production of apple,benefit to raise the international competition abilities of apple in China.


Rural tourism has been taken into account as an important part of marketing as well as the most popular tourism in today's world. The tourist potential of every village depends more on its natural, ecological investments, natural scenes, historical remaining, as well as its local culture liveliness than anything else. Thus, valuing and appreciating each of these aspects and converting them into exposable elements, advertising the policy of caring and saving the customs, skills, views and the area's attraction guarantee the potentials of the area. One of the strategies for the efficient use of rural tourist potentiality is locating appropriate areas for founding tourist camps and sites. If the locating of these areas is done carelessly, or if it is not on the basis of scientific principles including ecological conditions, the results will be ecologically, socially and economically harmful. In this article, the way of locating rural tourist sites have been investigated and the study has been focused more on Manizan Village as a tourist village Malayer.


GABA (γ‐aminobutyric acid) an inhibitory neurotransmitter in molluscs and other animals has not been well studied in bivalves. In humans, impairment of GABA neurotransmission can cause epilepsy. In the bivalve mollusc Crassostrea virginica, as well as other bivalves, serotonin is an excitatory neurotransmitter that increases beating rates of gill lateral cell cilia. Previously our lab demonstrated in C. virginica serotonin's increase of cilia beating rates is blocked by applying GABA to the visceral or cerebral ganglia. Additionally, bicuculline methchloride, a GABAa receptor antagonist, blocked the effects of GABA. By using HPLC we previously detected GABA in low ng amounts in cerebral and visceral ganglia of C. virginica. Our immunofluorescence studies showed the presence of GABA neurons in cerebral and visceral ganglia; and that some serotonin neurons had GABA receptors on their soma. Recently the genome of C. virginica and other bivalves has begun to be mapped. By conducting BLAST searches of the NCBI (National Center for Biotechnology Information) database using DNA and protein sequences of C. virginica and other invertebrate and mammalian species we found matches for GABAa and GABAb receptor genes on C. virginicachromosomes 3 and 5, respectively. Various invertebrates had Percent Identity above 60%, while humans and mice had Percent Identity of about 40% to 50% for GABAa and GABAb. We hypothesize that the ligand binding sites (LBS) for GABAa and GABAb receptors in C. virginica are evolutionarily conserved and will closely match those of other animals. To study this, we conducted searches of the NCBI database for GABAa and GABAb LBS of C. virginica and compared them to other animals. We found GABAb LBS contained 4 amino acids (N, L, A, Y) in positions 34, 122, 123, 267 that were highly conserved in LBS of other bivalves, gastropods, insects, mice, rats and humans. GABAa LBS for C. virginica has not yet been identified. We did find LBS of other animals contained 2 amino acids (L, Y) that were highly conserved among the animals in which it has been identified. The C. virginica GABAa receptor does contain L and Y amino acids. The study complements our earlier physiology and cell biology studies demonstrating the presence and a function for GABA in C. virginica and shows the genome of C. virginica contains genes to produce GABA receptor LBS that are similar to those of other animals. This new information is valuable as it shows the simple nervous system of C. virginica can be used to conduct studies on GABA neurotransmission.


We present a non-destructive method to probe a complex quantum system using multiple impurity atoms as quantum probes. Our protocol provides access to different equilibrium properties of the system by changing its coupling to the probes. In particular, we show that measurements with two probes reveal the system's non-local two-point density correlations, for probe-system contact interactions. We illustrate our findings with analytic and numerical calculations for the Bose-Hubbard model in the weakly and strongly-interacting regimes, under conditions relevant to ongoing experiments in cold atom systems.


Abstract Objective: This study aims to determine if nucleated red blood cells are elevated in pregnancies that continue beyond 289 days of gestation. Study design: Cord blood was prospectively collected from term and post-term singleton gestations from August 1 to December 31, 1998. Umbilical artery nucleated red blood cells were counted per 100 white blood cells. The comparison was made between pregnancies ending at 261–289 days (37.1–41.2 weeks) of gestation and those ending after 289 days (≥41.3 weeks) of gestation. Results: Cord blood from 304 cases was obtained and evaluated for nucleated red blood cells per 100 white blood cells. The mean value of nucleated red blood cells per 100 white blood cells in the post-term neonate group was significantly higher than in the term neonate group (median 6.5, range 0–24 vs. median 3.7, range 0–14; p < 0.05). The values did not vary by fetal presentation, mode or duration of delivery. Neonatal outcome was comparable between both study groups. Conclusion: In post-term gestation after 289 days nucleated red blood cells in cord blood are significantly increased. These results point towards a different fetal oxygenation in post-term pregnancies beyond 289 days of gestation and support the current practice of very close testing of fetal well-being under those circumstances.


This study has examined the ascending projections of the periaqueductal gray in the rat. Injections of Phaseolus vulgaris‐leucoagglutinin were placed in the dorsolateral or ventrolateral subregions, at rostral or caudal sites. From either region, fibers ascended via two bundles. The periventricular bundle ascended in the periaqueductal and periventricular gray matter. At the posterior commissure level, this bundle divided into a dorsal component that terminated in the intralaminar and midline thalamic nuclei, and a ventral component that supplied the hypothalamus. The ventral bundle formed in the deep mesencephalic reticular formation and supplied the ventral tegmental area, substantia nigra pars compacta, and the retrorubral field. The remaining fibers were incorporated into the medial forebrain bundle. These supplied the lateral hypothalamus and forebrain structures, including the preoptic area, the nuclei of the diagonal band, and the lateral division of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis.


Family Practitioner Committees (FPCs) became independent health authorities as of 1 April 1985. Their remit was to be more responsive to public demands, be accountable directly to the Secretary of State for service delivery and to ensure comprehensive plans in consultation with the professions and collaboration with health authorities and other organisations. One year later, in 1986, the Green Paper on Primary Care pointed to "the scope for improving the quality, effectiveness and value for money which the patients get from them." But whilst no one would dispute these goals the problem is to measure them. These two issues – of the need for but almost complete absence of planning and lack of information – were the motivation for this project. Barnsley FPC had been selected as one of the first in the country to be 'computerised' and the Administrator, Keith Houghton, was concerned to find ways in which this enhanced technological power could be used to improve programme planning and contacted the Centre for Health Economics for help. This paper reports on the results of their joint project. It shows how information of different kinds relating to objectives, resources, outcomes and utilisation can be brought together via the computerised age-sex register and suggests ways in which they can be used to improve the planning of primary care.


Is research training of students the key responsibility of postgraduate supervisors? While many academics would agree, supervisory roles might involve more than training postgraduate students. This article argues for the importance of research training as well as development interventions for supervisors. Drawing on relevant conceptions and a proposed supervisor development scheme, twenty-one supervisors reported how their supervisory roles have changed after interventions in five developmental areas. Similarly, supervisors who participated in a fourday supervision conference reported important developmental gains. The article proposes that supervisors seem to assess their supervisory roles and responsibilities more holistically and critically after and as a result of development interventions.


A method to excavate deep heavy oil reservoir with carbon dioxide auxiliary steam drives adapts to oil field exploitation. The method is characterized in that: Exploitate deep heavy oil reservoir with a composite rod drive for straight wells and horizontal wells. Meanwhile, the invention is designed to fill carbon dioxide gas at the same time of filling steam. The specific value of of underground volume in cold water valent weight between the carbon dioxide and steam is 8 to 10; total injection volume of the carbon dioxide is 0.2 to 0.5PV. The targets are as follows: Solve the problem that, the traditional method of only injecting steam into deep heavy oil reservoirs is difficult to meet steam drive requirements, so that oil-steam ratio and percent recovery are both too low. After meeting cold oil at the early stage of transcending condensed water, the carbon dioxide can solve some raw oil, lower viscosity, improve raw oil fluidity, shorten low-yield period in the preliminary stage of the steam drive, and improve oil recovery speed. On the basis of steam throughput, the method can improve yield extent by about 30 percent, and accumulated oil-steam ratio can be higher than 0.20; taking yield extent during the throughput stage into considerations, total percent recovery can reach about 50 percent.


This paper presents the most relevant results from research conduct- ed in the department of Teaching and Educational Organization at the University of Santiago de Compostela to identify educational media and didactic materials supported by municipal entities . Firstly, we will make some general comments on the topic and discuss a review of previous studies and the theoretical reasoning behind our interest in this field of research. Afterwards, we will go on to present the first part of a study focusing on the analysis of materials produced with support from municipal institutions. The steps followed during this phase of the research will be described, and then we will present the results and a general assessment of the characteristics of didactic materials found .


When scheduling, the contractors of highway always increase the spare machines or prolong the duration of project to avoid delay. In the paper, the stoppage of machine is regarded as a random event. A model based on the simulation technology and the network schedule technology is discussed in detail. The simulation model is used to evaluate the feasibility of a schedule with limited machines. After that, it is used to evaluate a schedule in highway engineering. Finally, the improvement of the model is illustrated based on several case studies.


Due to the advanced development in technology, newer class of materials are also developed by various process.The newer classes of materials slowly replaced the conventional materials in many fields because of their Physical ,Mechanical and thermal properties are superior than conventional material.These materials are nothing but composites. It has tough reinforcing particle in it which increases the tool wear.Active research is going in this area.This book brings you some research findings in machining of composite material with Poly crystalline diamond insert.This book contains research on machining of Glass fiber reinforced plastics, Metal matrix composites and Polymer composites.Definetly this book gives some useful information on the composite machining.


This article, the first of two, provides an account of an extended literature review that was undertaken in order to establish the evidence base for the learning and teaching of skills for child protection practice. It considers the contribution to the knowledge base from child abuse inquiries and from policies, guidelines and other documents from governmental departments and professional bodies. The subsequent analysis of terminology used for the review illustrates the complexity of searching for evidence that relates to concepts about which there are many differing perspectives, and also highlights the relevance to the study of activities undertaken by practitioners from a wide range of backgrounds. The paper describes the review method beginning with an initial search from which several hundred articles were located, only six of which generated evidence of value to the study. These six, however, highlighted a range of skills that provided the basis for a second, more focused search. Following an account of organisation and analysis of material, the paper concludes with discussion of some of the challenges presented during the process of this review, the complexities of which are reflected in the paper's title. A second paper will present the findings. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Allocating patients to treatment arms during a trial based on the observed responses accumulated prior to the decision point, and sequential adaptation of this allocation,, could minimize the expected number of failures or maximize total benefit to patients. In this study, we developed a Bayesian response adaptive randomization (RAR) design targeting the endpoint of organ support-free days (OSFD) for patients admitted to the intensive care units (ICU). The OSFD is a mixture of mortality and morbidity assessed by the number of days of free of organ support within a predetermined time-window post-randomization. In the past, researchers treated OSFD as an ordinal outcome variable where the lowest category is death. We propose a novel RAR design for a composite endpoint of mortality and morbidity, e.g., OSFD, by using a Bayesian mixture model with a Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling to estimate the posterior probability of OSFD and determine treatment allocation ratios at each interim. Simulations were conducted to compare the performance of our proposed design under various randomization rules and different alpha spending functions. The results show that our RAR design using Bayesian inference allocated more patients to the better performing arm(s) compared to other existing adaptive rules while assuring adequate power and type I error rate control for the across a range of plausible clinical scenarios.


Low-temperature plasmas (LTPs) driven by 1–100 MHz radio-frequency (MRF) are essential for many industrial applications, and their breakdown characteristics are different to that of direct current (DC) breakdown. This review seeks to understand the state of the art of electric breakdown in the MRF field and provide references for related basic and applied research. We have given a brief history of research into MRF-driven breakdown, including Paschen curves, the corresponding discharge modes and parameter spaces, and the evolution of the parameters during the breakdown process. It is shown that the focus has been transferred from the breakdown voltage and V-I characteristics to the evolution of plasma parameters during the breakdown, both in experiments and simulations. It is shown that many fundamental and applied problems still need to be investigated, especially with the new global model and the incorporation of the external circuit model.


In this paper, we propose a methodology for optimal design of composite plates undergoing in-plane or bending loads. The approach presented here is based on the use of the polar representation method for plane anisot ropic tensors. The methodology is divided into two steps: in the first time, topology optimisation is performed in order to maximise the global rigidity of the structure in te rms of the distributed elastic polar parameters in membrane or bending; further, an opti mal stacking sequence with variable orientations throughout the plate is designed in or der to match the optimal distribution of the plate polar parameters.


The article considers modern tendencies in tourism development and analyzes the existing approaches to greening tourism; ecological problems of managing tourism development in Ukraine. The article aims at substantiating scientifically and theoretically the prospects for developing the national tourism market in Ukraine, taking into account the environmental factor. To attain the aim, the following general scientific and special methods were used: analysis and synthesis were used to study the scientific principles of tourism development; statistical analysis, comparison and generalization helped us to study the impact of environmental factors on the tourism market development in Ukraine. The authors draw attention to the need to increase the level of environmental safety of travelling in accordance with the sustainable development criteria. It is determined that greening tourism is a consistent implementation of the ideas within the "green" economy paradigm and international experience in nature conservation and sustainable environment in environmental legislation, recreational tourism, regional management, development of "green" technologies, environmental education and recreational nature management. The main directions of greening tourism at the macro- and micro-levels have been identified by analyzing the state of the environment and the tourism industry in Ukraine. Thus, the authors believe that an ecologically safe tourist product should include the following points: environmentally friendly transportation, food consumption, garbage collection and processing throughout the journey; environmentally friendly building materials used for tourist accommodation; participation of tourism business entities in solving environmental problems in the region


SBIR funding can be part of the health care solution by financing small biomedical companies in a way that stokes their translational engines. The United States Congress will decide the future of the Small Business Innovation Research program in the coming months. Essential changes needed in the program and its unique role in translational research are discussed.


The reform of college physical education is one of focus question that people pay close attention to gradually.How to make reform on physical education teaching is worth to think.Many people try to make reform,but always follow the former pattern.This paper tries to introduce the theory of HQ into physical education teaching reform,and make up the shortage.The main purpose is to provide the reference for curricular reform.


This paper is aimed at mapping the structure and biodiversity of non-forest woody vegetation in the cadastral of Kolíňany, with the emphasis on species composition of the rural area of the village. Information was recorded on the basis of the areal non-forest woody vegetation according to the dendrological and structural reports, processed in the methodology [11]. In order to improve the quality of the landscape, areas were defined in order to complete the system of non-forest woody vegetation, on the criterion of endangering the area with the water and soil erosion, regulative of the optimal size of agricultural land, elements of ecological stability and application of the principles of aesthetics in the country. The potential of the solved landscape area offers opportunities to the completion of the missing standards alongside the roads, forest boundaries, devastated areas, less fertile land, erosive areas and areas surrounding the water areas and channels. With respect to agricultural tradition, the municipality represents a great potential for the development of rural tourism.


Lie bialgebras arise as infinitesimal invariants of Poisson Lie groups. A Lie bialgebra is a Lie algebra g with a Lie algebra structure on the dual g∗ which is compatible with the Lie algebra g in a certain sense. For a Poisson group G, the multiplicative Poisson structure π induces a Lie algebra structure on the Lie algebra dual g∗ which makes (g, g∗) into a Lie bialgebra. In fact, there is a one-one correspondence between Poisson Lie groups and Lie bialgebras if the Lie groups are assumed to be simply connected [7], [16], [19]. The importance of Poisson Lie groups themselves arises in part from their role as classical limits of quantum groups [8] and in part because they provide a class of Poisson structures for which the realization problem is tractable [15]. Poisson groupoids were introduced by Weinstein [24] as a generalization of both Poisson Lie groups and the symplectic groupoids which arise in the integration of arbitrary Poisson manifolds [4], [11]. He noted that the Lie algebroid dual A∗G of a Poisson groupoid G itself has a Lie algebroid structure, but did not develop the infinitesimal structure further. In this paper we introduce and study a natural infinitesimal invariant for Poisson groupoids, the Lie bialgebroids of the title. Our ultimate purpose is to develop a Lie theory for Poisson groupoids parallel to that for Poisson groups. In this paper we are primarily concerned with the first half of this process; that is, with the construction of the Lie bialgebroid of a Poisson groupoid. After the preliminary §2, in which we describe the generalization to arbitrary Lie algebroids of the exterior calculus and Schouten calculus, in §3 we define a Lie bialgebroid to be a Lie algebroid A whose dual A∗ is also equipped with a Lie algebroid structure, such that the coboundary operator d∗ : A −→ ∧(A) associated to A∗ satisfies a cocycle equation with respect to Γ(A), the Lie algebra of sections of A. This is clearly a straightforward extension of the concept of a Lie bialgebra [16] but cannot be formalized in Lie algebroid cohomological terms since there is no satisfactory adjoint representation for a general Lie algebroid. Most of §3 is devoted to proving that this definition is self-dual: if (A,A∗) is a Lie bialgebroid, then (A∗, A) is also. In §4, we briefly consider the special case of Lie bialgebroids satisfying a triangularity condition, which include some important examples such as the usual triangular Lie bialgebras and Lie bialgebroids associated to Poisson manifolds. The techniques used in §§2–4 are similar to those known for Lie bialgebras. It would be possible, by suitably generalizing the proof for Poisson groups, to prove


The effects of the geometry, thermal treatment and the amplitude of applied magnetic field on the coercivity behaviour of glass covered Fe73.4-xCu1Nb3.1Si13.41xB9.1 (x 5 0; 1.1 and 1.6) have been investigated. Variations of the coercivity, Hc, with the geometry (d/D ratio, d - diameter of the metallic nucleus, D-total diameter, d/D ranging from 0.1 to 0.9) are attributed mainly to the internal stress acting on the metallic nucleus owing to the glass coating. Annealing temperature (300 -700 °C) dependencies of H c exhibit some peculiar differences with respect to that of the classical FINEMET ribbon, especially in the temperature range of 400 -500 °C (very beginning of the nucleation of the nanocrystallization process) and at 650 -700 °C (magnetic hardening owing to the iron borides segregation) depending in both cases on ratio d/D. With decreasing of d/D ratio the transition soft-hard magnetic character takes place in a narrower annealing temperature range with a rectangular hysteresis loop of H c'2400 A/m. The evolution of Hc with the applied magnetic field amplitude, Ho (,2500 A/m) for the as-prepared and treated at low temperature samples results to be quite linear. This linear behaviour of H c (Ho) allows to assign a nucleation of domain walls mechanism mainly for the magnetization process connecting with a magnetic bistable behaviour, while the non-linear Hc (Ho) curves of samples with x 5 1.6 treated above 650 °C and 700 °C suggest that different mechanism takes place. ©2000 Acta Metallurgica Inc.


BACKGROUND
Delphian lymph node (DLN) has been considered to be a gate that predicts widespread lymph node involvement, and higher recurrence and mortality rates of head and neck cancer.

OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to establish a preoperative ultrasonography integrated machine learning prediction model to predict Delphian lymph node metastasis (DLNM) in patients with diagnosed papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC).

METHODS
Ultrasonographic and clinicopathologic variables of PTC patients from 2014 to 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. The risk factors associated with DLNM were identified and validated through a developed random forest (RF) algorithm model based on machine learning and a logistic regression (LR) model.

RESULTS
A total of 316 patients with 402 thyroid lesions were enrolled for the training dataset and 280 patients with 341 lesions for the validation dataset, with 170 (28.52%) patients who developed DLNM. The elastography score of ultrasonography, central lymph node metastasis, lateral lymph node metastasis, and serum calcitonin were predictive factors for DLNM in both models. The RF model has better predictive performance in the training dataset and validation dataset (AUC: 0.957 vs. 0.890) than that in the LR model (AUC: 0.908 vs. 0.833).

CONCLUSION
The preoperative ultrasonography integrated RF model constructed in this study could accurately predict DLNM in PTC patients, which may provide clinicians with more personalized clinical decision-making recommendations preoperatively. Machine learning technology has the potential to improve the development of DLNM prediction models in PTC patients.


Whenever good quality water is scarce, water of "marginal quality" will have to be considered for using in agriculture. Municipal wastewater is marginal quality water and using of this for irrigation can be an important consideration when its disposal is being planned in arid and semi-arid regions. In this study, secondary municipal effluent was used for irrigation of tomato. Five different irrigation treatments were designed with three replications. The treatments were: T1, furrow irrigation with tap water; T2, surface drip irrigation with treated wastewater; T3, subsurface drip irrigation in 15 cm depth with treated wastewater; T4, subsurface drip irrigation in 30 cm depth with treated wastewater; T5, furrow irrigation with treated wastewater. Crop water requirement was determined by ET-HS model. Also, chemical and microbiological characteristics of soil, water and crops were analyzed. The results indicated that T2 and T3 treatments could control environmental contamination and in comparison with surface irrigation, decrease the pollution problems in the soil. The highest yield was obtained from T2 and T3, which was about 52 tons/ha (18 tons/ha higher than the average yield of T1). A part of this increased yield can be related to better soil moisture and increased available nitrogen in the root zone. Additionally, with regard to health problems, these treatments generated minimum contact between the effluent and the workers or the aerial parts of the plants.


The reason that will cause superheater tube rupture due to overtemperature and some factors caused the overtemperature of tube wall is analyzed, and put forward some suggestions to solve this problem.


Non‐invasive and quantitative estimations for the delineation of sub‐surface tumor margins could greatly aid in the early detection and monitoring of the morphological appearances of tumor growth, ensure complete tumor excision without the unnecessary sacrifice of healthy tissue, and facilitate post‐operative follow‐up for recurrence. In this study, a high‐speed, non‐invasive, and ultra‐high‐resolution spectral domain optical coherence tomography (UHR‐SDOCT) imaging platform was developed for the quantitative measurement of human sub‐surface skin mass. With a proposed robust, semi‐automatic analysis, the system can rapidly quantify lesion area and shape regularity by an en‐face‐oriented algorithm. Various sizes of nylon sutures embedded in pork skin were used first as a phantom to verify the accuracy of our algorithm, and then in vivo, feasibility was proven using benign human angiomas and pigmented nevi. Clinically, this is the first step towards an automated skin lesion measurement system. In vivo optical coherence tomography (OCT) image of angioma (A). Thin red arrows point to a blood vessel (BV).


Abstract The genotype × environment (GE) interaction analysis is fundamental in crop breeding programs to guide selection and for recommendation of high performing and stable genotypes for breeding objectives. This study aimed at quantifying the GE interaction effects and determines grain yield stability among winter bread wheat genotypes under rainfed conditions of Iran. Twenty-four winter wheat genotypes were evaluated under nine test locations using a randomized complete blocks design with four replications during three cropping seasons (2019–21). The additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) model and several parametric and nonparametric stability statistics were applied for analysis of grain yield data collected from the experiments. AMMI analysis of variance for grain yield revealed significant effects (p < 0.01) for genotype, environment, and GE interaction. The environment was the main source of variation and accounted for 83.5% of the total yield variation, followed by GE (6.5%) and genotype (1.0%) effects. The AMMI biplot analysis indicated the genotypes G3, G23, G22, G10, and G19 as high yielding with stability performance across environments. Genotypes G14, G13, G20, and G9 showed large positive interaction with the environments featuring the highest rainfall during growing season, while genotypes G7, G6, and G21 had a large positive interaction with environments with low rainfall. Spearman's rank correlation analysis revealed that the AMMI stability value, Shukla's stability variance (σ2 i), Wricke's ecovalence (W2 i), coefficient of determination (R2 i), variance in regression deviations (S2 di), and nonparametric statistic of S2 (i) were not correlated with mean yield in tested genotypes, showing they are related to static/biological concept of stability. In contrast, the genotypic superiority index (Pi) and regression coefficient (bi) were significantly correlated (p < 0.01) with mean yield and corresponded to dynamic/agronomic concept of stability. These findings suggest that selection of genotypes should be considered based on selection objectives of using the various stability parameters described here. In conclusion, the selected genotypes in this study should be recommended as new cultivars or parental lines for grain yield and stability improvement under rainfed conditions of Iran or similar agro-ecologies.


1 Sparkes RS, Motulsky AG. Hashimoto`s disease in Turner`s syndrome with isochromosome X. Lancet 1963; 1: 947 2 Nishi Y, Sakano T, Hyodo S et al. Pituitary abnormalities detected by high resolution computed tomography with thin slices in primary hypothyroidism and Turner syndrome. Europ J Pediatr 1984; 142: 25–28 3 Wilson R, Chu CE, Donalson M et al. An increased incidence of thyroid antibodies in patients with Turner`s syndrome and their first degree relatives. Autoimmunity 1996; 25: 47–52 4 Larizza D, Martinetti BM, Lorini R et al. Autoimmunity, HLA, Gm and Km polymorphisms in Turner`s syndrome. Autoimmunity 1989; 4: 69–78 5 Fleming S, Cowell G, Bailey J et al. Hashimoto`s disease in Turner`s syndrome. Clin Invest Med 1988; 11: 243–246 6 Chang P, Tsai WY, Hou JW et al. Autoimmune thyroiditis in children with Turner syndrome. J Formos Med Assoc 2000; 99: 823–826 7 Elsheik M, Wass JA, Conway GS. Autoimmune thyroid syndrome in women with Turner`s syndrome – the association with karyotype. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf.) 2001; 35: 223–226


Abstract Culture and characterisation of porcine osteoprogenitors were established in order to study the differentiation of osteoblast in a hybrid material of carbonated apatite (CAp) (patent under process no. PI 20042321) and autologous cells that can be used later as an advanced bone graft material. Cells were obtained from bone marrow and cultured onto CAp of wet synthesis and onto Thermanox, with or without differentiation factors in time course experiments, at the end of which biochemical and molecular markers of osteogenesis were obtained. Results indicated that this model is useful to study the functionality of a hybrid material of synthetic CAp and autologous osteoprogenitor cells derived from porcine bone marrow.


The protonation of o-methoxy- and o-hydroxy-benzaldehydes in FSO3HSbF5SO2 solution was investigated by 1H NMR spectroscopy. The formation of the Z-carbonyl protonated molecule is explained by intramolecular hydrogen bonding.


The main focus of this report was to investigate the relationship between β-lactamase inhibitory activity and oxidative state at the 1 position of 7α-hydroxyethyl cephem derivatives


OBJECTIVE: The objective of the present study, with focus on gender, was aimed at evaluating alcohol-dependent individual in terms of socio-demographic variables related to alcohol consumption and therapeutic interventions. METHODS: This is a retrospective cross-sectional study of 1,051 patients (833 men and 218 women), with diagnosis of alcohol dependence syndrome, according to ICD-10 criteria, who had sought treatment for the first time at a specialised health centre between 2000 and 2006. RESULTS: The results showed that women, compared to men, are more likely to be unemployed and without partner, in addition to having higher educational level, latter age of alcohol initiation, needing less outpatient alcohol detoxification program, consuming more fermented beverage, presenting less psychiatric comorbidities, and using less coadjutant medications during treatment. CONCLUSION: We can state that some peculiarities exist permeating both gender and alcohol consumption. A further focus on the characteristics of each population is needed to facilitate the adequate use of therapeutic interventions according to gender specificities.


PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to study the details of new age digital business using a freemium business model.Design/methodology/approachStudy of the various prospects of various digital business firms like revenues, customer base, share price, ranks. Uses of freemium business model to hold on to existing customers and attract new customers.FindingsInnovative service or product offerings and growth strategy is the base of this business model. So businesses must assess innovation strategy before deciding whether to opt the freemium business model or not. Retaining the existing user and constant addition of new users are the founding stone of the freemium business model. So, the value offerings have to be well perceived by the customer so that switching costs will be increased for them and the customer will remain loyal.Originality/valueAnalyzing consumer behavior with recent analytical tools and techniques such as web analytics, bigdata analytics are required in order to get deeper market knowledge. It is crucial to get the knowledge of recent trends of markets, the perception of customer and customer's journey mapping in order to run a business with freemium model.


Objective: The purpose of the present study was to assess the social skills of euthymic patients with bipolar disorder. Methods: A group of 25 outpatients with bipolar disorder type I were evaluated in comparison with a group of 31 healthy volunteers who were matched in terms of level of education, age, sex and intelligence. Both groups were assessed using a self-report questionnaire, the Brazilian Inventário de Habilidades Sociais (IHS, Social Skills Inventory). Two Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale subtests (Picture Arrangement and Comprehension) were also used in order to assess subject ability to analyse social situations and to make judgements, respectively. Results: Patients with bipolar disorder had lower IHS scores for the domains that assessed conversational skills/social self-confidence and social openness to new people/situations. Patients with anxiety disorders had high scores for the domain that assessed self-confidence in the expression of positive emotions. No differences were found between patients and controls in performance on the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale Picture Arrangement and Comprehension subtests. Conclusions: Euthymic patients with bipolar disorder present inhibited and overattentive behaviour in relation to other people and their environment. This behaviour might have a negative impact on their level of social functioning and quality of life.


This study aims to develop manipulative basic movement learning models based on tradition games at Elementary schools. Research and development method adopted from Borg and Gall was used. The effectiveness of the application of the manipulative basic motion learning model and catch and capture in these students used the "t-test" technique. Before the data were analyzed, the normality test was carried out on the pretest and posttest results of the basic motion manipulative and catch-and-catch using the Kolmogorov Smirnov test at the real level α = 0.05. The results of the manipulative basic motion of throwing catch between the pretest and posttest were obtained at a value of -24,645 at a significance of 0,000. So it can be concluded that the increase in the basic manipulative movement ability of throw and catch before and after learning has increased significantly. The contribution of the basic manipulative motion learning model of catch and capture is 42.21% based on the effectiveness test data at SD Tanamodindi and SD Inpres Lasoani.


Right to know is a varying and developing right and risk information which has become its object with the advent of risk mechnism.However,the risk regulation mechnism in China,which shows characters of follow-up,passivity,conservativeness and unidirectivity,doesn't response to this emerging need.Owing to some objective or subjective reasons,the right to know risk mechnism is deemed to be reflection interests rather than a right.Consequently,government should change their mind and admit the right to know as a citizen's essential right.Secondly,participation,balance and supervision are three important principles when designing the risk regulation system.Finally,the system should be a multiple and interoperable structure that contains regular risk instruction training,urgent risk early warning and risk communication.


THE GROWTH and maintenance of the prostate depends on an adequate level of circulating androgen. Our in vitro studies on rat-ventral and monkey-caudal prostate minces have shown that a 10 -7 M concentration of testosterone significantly accelerates incorporation of amino acids into protein and of acetate into fatty acids and citric acid. 1 Kochakian and Harrison 2 concluded that the primary site of action of androgens is "in the area of synthesis of RNA for incorporation into the ergastoplasm so that synthesis of protein and enzymes may be accomplished." Wilson 3 concluded "that the generalized effects of testosterone on protein anabolism in the intact animal are in fact secondary to a generalized enhancement of a specific step in protein synthesis—the peptide-bonding of soluble RNA-amino acids to form microsomal ribonucleoproteins." These correlations of an agent, the hormone, with an effect, biosynthesis, bring us no nearer to an understanding of the


Network covert channels enable a policy-breaking network communication (e.g., within botnets). Within the last years, new covert channel techniques occurred which are based on the capability of protocol switching. There are currently no means available to counter these new techniques. In this paper we present the first approach to effectively limit the bandwidth of such covert channels by introducing a new active warden. We present a calculation method for the bandwidth of these channels in case the active warden is used. Additionally, we discuss implementation details and we evaluate the practical usefulness of our technique. Keywords-Protocol Switching Covert Channel; Protocol Channel, Active Warden


Abstract : Ni nanoparticles with sizes ranging from 40 to 400 nm formed by thermal annealing of thin film were investigated by atomic and magnetic force microscopy in situ in presence of applied nmgnetic field up to 300 Oe. By comparison of the corresponding experimental AFM and MFM images and computer simulated MFM images, the small particles with diameter below 100 nm were found to be in single domain state. The the direction of total magnetization of greater particles is defined by their shape anisotropy. The MFM image features and the magnetization reversal mechanism of such particles are explained in terms of a vortex magnetization.


Active galactic nuclei (AGN) are one of the most promising classes of extragalactic cosmic-ray accelerators. This has been recently strengthened by increasing indications that AGN, and in particular blazars, may be sources of IceCube neutrinos. In this talk I report on recent results from self-consistent leptohadronic modeling of a large sample of blazar AGN, where the observed multi-wavelength spectrum is described by means of a self-consistent numerical radiation model of cosmic-ray interactions. First, I discuss recent results from the modeling of a sample of 324 gamma-ray-bright blazars, of which 237 are flat-spectrum radio quasars (FSRQs). By fitting multi-wavelength observations from optical to gamma rays compiled in a previous work, we can constrain the source parameters, estimate the possible contribution from cosmic-ray protons, and predict the corresponding neutrino emission. For about one-third of the blazars in the sample, cascades from hadronic interactions can help explain observations in the X-ray band, in agreement with recent results on individual IceCube candidates. For the rest of the sources, the observed spectra are well described by purely leptonic emission. By extrapolating from these results, we can also predict the diffuse neutrino flux from the entire blazar population, which is at the level of 20% of the diffuse flux observed by IceCube. I discuss the general implications of these results for the next generation of neutrino experiments, like IceCube-Gen2. This talk is based on a recent analysis [1].


UNSTRUCTURED
 A rare granulomatous disease of unknown origin is lupus miliaris disseminatus faciei (LMDF). Associated pitted scars are major complication leads to psychological distress resulting in increased demand for dermatological consultation. Histopathologically, epithelioid granulomas with caseation necrosis are the typical presentation. Advanced research is still ongoing, yet its treatment remains challenging. Management should be individually structured and, the appropriate combination may have a beneficial effect. We report an LMDF case with facial and extra facial localization successfully treated with a combination of medications, the fractional CO2 laser and fillers. In conclusion, the attitude of the patient towards the scar has considerably improved after treatment. In the past era, most authors assumed that a relationship existed between tuberculosis, rosacea and sarcoidosis, however, many authors found it to be a distinct entity. Herein, we also discussed the distinction between listed the ambiguous entities.


An object apparatus and method for measuring the spatial variation characteristics of the coefficients and the strength of the complex amplitude of the induced flare outside situ and in situ by the optical system. Measurement at A other than the above-situ and the original position, a signal relating to the measured characteristics of the flare in the conjugate image plane by using a series of diffraction sites located simultaneously on the objective plane of the optical system consisting interference and non-interference measurements to improve. The diffraction region produces a diffracted beam comprising a randomized relative phases. Schematically, the interference variation characteristic measurement generates a topographic interference signal by adopting a phase shift point diffraction interferometry, and, the non-interference measurement is based on flare related signals other than topographic interference signal. By the topographical interference signal and the flare related signals detector, electrical interference signal or electrical flare related signals, or are generated as corresponding exposure induced changes in the recording medium. .FIELD 3b


Solves the problem of adaptively selecting a set of N radar waveforms to obtain the optimal L/sub 2/ estimate of a target range-Doppler reflectivity function. The authors assume that the targets correspond to one of two classes. They show that the waveform selection strategy involves an initial class identification phase followed by a pure imaging phase. They provide a recipe for minimizing the number of waveforms needed for the class identification phase. They show that this leads to an optimal adaptive target imaging strategy.<<ETX>>


A survey of fungi contaminating mouldy field, stored and marketed millet samples collected during rainy and dry harmattan seasons of the year 2000 from the twenty five local government areas of Niger State, Nigeria, was conducted. Some of the fungal isolates from the two groups of samples were screened for their mycotoxin producing potentials in mice. Aflatoxin B1 content of the rainy season millet samples was determined. Aspergillus niger was the predominant fungi found in millet during the rains. Twelve out of the 49 wet season millet samples were contaminated with AFB1 at concentrations between 1370.28 and 3495.10 ug/kg. Penicillium spp. was the commonest contaminant of millet during the dry harmattan season. Thirty five of the fifty five fungal isolates screened for toxicity were found to produce toxic metabolites that were lethal to mice and were isolates of Aspergillus, Fusarium, Penicillium, Rhizopus, Mucor, Syncephalastrum, and Helminthosporium.


This paper sought to investigate the prospects and challenges associated with the adoption of e-procurement in some selected public institutions in Ghana. Current literature on Public Procurement indicates a paradigm shift towards adoption of new technologies in Supply Chain processes that include e-procurement. The level of public sector response is influenced by various factors posing challenges to the adoption of e-procurement. The Ministry of Finance (MoF) was used as the case area; a sample size of 48 comprising of three respondents each were randomly sampled from the procurement departments of 16 Public institutions directly under the MoF. The research paper used a questionnaire as a key instrument for primary data collection. A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests was conducted. From the study, it was revealed that employee competency, inadequate legal framework, inadequate technological infrastructure and security of procurement transaction data were challenges to e-Procurement adoption in the organizations under review. The paper recommends among others that due to continuous turnover of employees, continuous training for incoming staff is required on e-Procurement. In addition, formal recognition backed by legislation of the electronic procurement transactions should be encouraged. Integration of the institutions system and those of the suppliers, demonstration of the positive impact of the system, and installation of linkages between all Governments agencies should be encouraged Keywords: e-Procurement, Public Institutions, Ghana, Ministry of Finance, Adoption


OBJECTIVE:To observe therapeutic efficacy of adjuvant treatment of Xuebijing injection for severe acute pancreatitis. METHODS:80 cases of severe acute pancreatitis were randomly divided into control group and observation group with 40 cases in each group. Control group was given symptomatic and supportive treatment,and observation group was additionally given intravenous injection of Xuebijing injection 100 ml,twice a day,on the basis of control group. The levels of TNF-α,IL-6 and hs-CRP,organ failure were compared between 2 groups before and after treatment. RESULTS:There was no statistical significance in the levels of TNF-α,IL-6 and hs-CRP in 2 groups before treatment(P0.05);after treatment,the levels of TNF-α,IL-6 and hs-CRP in observation group was significantly lower than control group and before treatment,with statistical significance(P0.05). The proportion of renal function,respiration function and circulating failure in observation group were significantly lower than in control group,with statistical significance(P0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Adjuvant treatment of Xuebijing injection for severe acute pancreatitis can significantly reduce the level of inflammation in the body and reduce organ damage.


In earlier papers we have obtained necessary and sufficient conditions for the simplicity of an iterated skew polynomial ring defined over a ring R with respect to a finite set of derivations of R commuting to each other. In the present paper a sufficient condition is obtained for the simplicity of an iterated skew polynomial ring defined over a ring R of characteristic zero with respect to a finite set of derivations of R not necessarily commuting to each other. As an application we construct such a ring over the coordinate ring of the real sphere. 1. Iterated skew polynomial rings of derivation type All the rings considered in this paper are with identity. Let R be a ring, and let D = {d\,d2, • . . ,dn} be a finite set of derivations of R. Consider the set Sn of all polynomials in n variables, say x%, X2,..., xn over R. Define addition in Sn in the usual way, and define multiplication by the distributive law and by the rules Xir = rxi + di(r) (1)


The finite element model for a drawing part of square cup has been built and forming simulation has been executed under different blank thickness and element size with the influence of blank element size on simulating precision discussed.Meanwhile,decision rule and quantificational standard for proper blank element size have been brought forward.


Specimens composed of Zr0.95 – xY0.05O2: (x = 0.01–0.15) are synthesized in a muffle furnace and activated by thermal treatment in an electromagnetic field of the microwave range. The conditions for the activation and concentration of Eu3+ in phosphor are optimized. Microwave heat treatment results in the growth of grains, reduces microstresses, and increases the f luorescent brilliance of the specimens by a factor of 2.4.


Writes from Marcy Camp Advanced in Northeastern Virginia of injuries and death sustained in a "Skermisher" due to confusion among the men and friendly fire, mentions 4th and 5th regiments also camped in the area.


The paper, part 1, has proposed a mathematical model of rotor motion for piston rod driving type bent axis type axial piston pump in order to study lubrication characteristics between rotor and spherical valve plate. The numerical calculations have been carried out under operating conditions and specifications. The calculation results have been compared with experimental ones given by previous papers. It is found that (1) the rotor moves to delivery area and its axis tilts to one with its rotation, (2) film thickness between the rotor and the spherical valve plate minimizes at inside sealing part and the center of fluctuation locates near neutral point of the delivery area, and (3) the minimum film thickness and friction moment are greatly influenced by rotational speed, viscosity and dimension of sealing part on the spherical valve plate.


Shoji Takeushi is professor in and the Director of the Center for International Research on Integrative Biomedical Systems (CIBiS), Institute of Industrial Science (IIS) at the University of Tokyo. Here he describes his attempts to use inherent function of living materials in engineered systems by reconstructing the biological structure using microfluidic technology.


Lamia Youseff, a project manager at Google, was a few years into her graduate program in computer science at the University of California, Santa Barbara (UCSB), when she suddenly noticed that she was the only female student in her advanced operating systems class. She was somewhat baffled. Her undergraduate class in computer science at The American University in Cairo had been 50% men and 50% women, and it was common for a female student to be at the top of the class. "I never realized that computer science as a field is a male-dominated field until I moved to the U.S.," she says. "Luckily," she adds, "I was the top student in that class as well."


Resource utilization of SO2 from flue gas is a key challenge for the green development of the smelting industry. Recovery of sulfur resources in the form of elemental sulfur (S0), which has a high market demand and is a current focus in the field of SO2 treatment, can reduce the solid waste from desulfurization. In this study, it was found that Pb as a cathode material had good catalytic activity for the electrochemical reduction of SO2 and good selectivity towards elemental sulfur. However, the cathode suffers from sulfur poisoning. The problem was resolved by introducing surfactant, specifically sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS), which significantly lowered the sulfur content ratio on the surface of the electrode from 31.82% to 2.17%. Through the optimization of electrocatalytic parameters, this method enables efficient conversion of SO2 to S0, achieving a selectivity of 83% at pH = 0.25 and E = −0.8 V (vs. SCE).


The invention provides a traditional Chinese medicine capsule for treating hypertension, which is prepared from the following raw materials in proportioning by weight: burdock, celery root, ginkgo leaf, pseudo-ginseng, Rhodiola rosea and Nodus Nelumbinis Rhizomatis. A preparation method for the traditional Chinese medicine capsule for treating the hypertension comprises the following steps: weighing all the raw materials according to the weight ratio of a formula; removing impurities and cleaning; slicing and drying; then, adding 5 times the volume of water and decocting for 8 hours on a slow fire; filtering; collecting a filtrate for later use; then, adding 2 times the volume of water to filter residues to decorate for 2 hours; discarding the filter residues and merging the filtrates of two times; heating, concentrating, drying, crushing and sieving by a 200-mesh screen; and encapsulating to form a capsule preparation, wherein the charge quantity of each capsule is 0.5g. The invention has the characteristics that the raw materials are easy to get; the traditional Chinese medicine capsule for treating the hypertension does not have toxic and side effects and has the effects of invigorating the circulation of blood, enhancing and softening blood vessels, regulating the supply and demand balance of target organs on blood oxygen, improving blood microcirculation and increasing blood supply amount per second of the heart brain, thereby, the dilatation and constriction loads of arterial blood vessels are reduced, and the hypertension is lowered. The invention has the characteristics that certain food does not need to be avoided; diet does not need to be controlled; the capsule does not need to be taken for a long time no matter is the medical history long or short; the hypertension does not relapse; the traditional Chinese medicine capsule for treating the hypertension has long-term stability and the like.


Emphasis on fresh fruits and vegetables (FV) as the preferred form of FV may convey that other forms, such as frozen FV, are less desirable or nutritious. Yet, research shows that frozen and fresh FV have few differences in nutrient content. This analysis used appropriate survey weights to estimate energy intake, BMI and consumption of total and frozen FV across age, gender and income groups using day one dietary data from NHANES 2011–12. On average, all consumers 2–99 y of frozen vegetables (V) and frozen fruit (F) consumed 0.4 and 0.5 cup equivalents per day (CE/d), respectively, and they consumed more total V and F than did non‐consumers (1.6 vs. 1.4 CE/d V and 1.4 vs. 0.9 CE/d of F, respectively). Individuals with low‐income (poverty‐to‐income ratio [PIR] <131%) consumed less frozen FV than those with higher income >131% PIR. On average, energy intake tended to be higher among consumers 2–18 y of frozen FV than non‐consumers (1983 kcal/d vs. 1927 kcal/d, respectively), but the difference was not statistically significant. Using BMI‐for‐age categories, about 29% of frozen FV consumers 2–18 y were overweight, whereas 33% of non‐consumers were overweight, but the difference was not significant. Among adults 19–99 y, mean energy intake was similar among consumers and non‐consumers of frozen FV (2199 and 2203 kcal/d, respectively); average BMI of frozen FV consumers and non‐consumers were not significantly different (28.2 and 28.7 kg/m2, respectively). These results suggest that when frozen FV are not consumed, other forms, such as fresh, canned or dried, do not fill the FV gap. Government food programs and health professionals should encourage frozen FV as a way to increase FV consumption.


Aim of this Study: The investigation of Heart Rate Variability (HRV) changes, in order to define the possible alterations of sympathovagal balance, in pts with essential hypertension. Methods: We included 25 consecutive outpts (14 men, 11 women), mean age 57 ± 8 yrs, with essential hypertension, and 19 age and gender matched healthy individuals, who constituted the control group (group A). Exclusion criteria were: diabetes mellitus, obesity, A-V conduction disturbances, treatment with drugs known to affect the Autonomic Nervous System. All pts underwent: a) a M-Mode echocardiogam, for the definition of the presence (group B) or not (group C) of Left Ventricular Hypertrophy (LVH), using Left Ventricular Mass Index and relative Left Ventricular Wall Thickness measurements, and, b) a time-domain analysis of HRV on 24 h Holter Monitoring (indices pNN50, rMSSD, mean NN and SDNN). Results: Our results are presented in the following table: Figure 1. No caption available. Conclusion: In pts with essential hypertension, exists a clear, obvious Autonomic Nervous System dysfunction, which is more prominent in pts with co-existing LVH.


Abstract : One aspect of management of ADP (Automated Data Processing) in the Federal Government is system documentation. 'Good system documentation is the backbone to the success of any automated system, for only through complete and thorough documentation can the user fully understand and utilize a system's capability. The system reviewed is the Naval Air Logistics Command Management Information System (NALCOMIS). The review is approached from the user's aspect. The review of this system involves the level of ability required for the user to understand and properly use the functionality provided by the system, the documentation requirements, and the problems associated with the user's interface to the system. Many problems exist with computer manuals that contained an inappropriate level of technical detail, style, format, and content. This review will demonstrate the positive and negative aspects of the user documentation and recommendations or suggestions to improve the documentation for the user's benefit.


The structure of a propagating current sheet in a linear pinch discharge in argon is examined with magnetic and electric probes, and interpreted from a magnetogasdynamic point of view. From an integration of the jzBθ distributions it is deduced that the bulk of the initial mass fill of the chamber is radially accelerated to the current sheet velocity. Acceleration of ions in the sheet is partially accomplished by a radial electric field, which imparts about half of the necessary energy. The remaining energy is acquired through a jz+Bθ force applied to the ions, which are deflected axially as they pass through the sheet, and, therefore, conduct a large fraction of the axial current.


Abundant well-preserved shelly fossils of Sinotubulites occur in the upper part of the late Neoproterozoic Dengying Formation in Ningqiang County, Shaanxi Province, China. Unlike 'funnel-in-funnel' structures of co-occurring Cloudina shells, the tube of Sinotubulites is nearly cylindrical, composed of several thin layers and characterized by 'tube-in-tube' structure. The tube bears prominent longitudinal sculptures and/or irregular annulations, which were formed by the wrinkles of tube layers, and weaken gradually towards the inner layers. The irregular wrinkle ornament of the outer layer shows plastic feature of the Sinotubulites tubes, which may further imply that the organisms secrete the elastic and flexible organic-dominated walls with mineralization, possibly aragonitic. Detailed thin section and SEM studies indicate that the silicification occurred earlier than phosphatation. Specimens preserved in situ from Hubei and surface ornamentation and polygonal shape of the cross-section suggest that Sinotubulites probably lived as an epibenthos lying on the sea floor. Aragonitic tube, Ediacaran, Shaanxi. China, Sinotubulites, tube structure.


The texts brought together here give complementary points of view on the societal and ethical issues raised by progress in biomedical techniques and the legal changes in relation to MAR. Oocyte vitrification allows fertility to be preserved for women in three situations, i.e. for those undergoing medical treatment for certain diseases that also causes infertility, for one woman to donate oocytes to another and for "personal convenience." Jean-Philippe Wolf specifies the advantages and limits. The shortage of gamete donors is closely related to the specific nature of this type of donation. Genevieve Delaisi de Parseval puts forward hypotheses to better understand the reluctance to donate by subjects who nevertheless clearly accept that filiation is in no way involved and that one's heredity is here to be gifted anonymously. The experience of European countries who have lifted anonymity or offered financial reward to the donor has changed the ratio between donors and receivers so allowing for a new symbolic circulation between the two that can readily be construed according to Marcel Mauss's model on gift and counter-gift. Looking at several precise situations, Charlotte Sibony testifies to the way the psychiatrists working in sperm and oocyte banks (CECOS) have based their position in terms of gratuitousness and anonymity over the past forty years relying on providing daily attention to couples who are accompanied throughout the process in all the complexity of their demand and their desire. The discussion remains open as to maintaining anonymity of the donation, on the matter of requests from transsexual persons and access to MAR for same-sex couples.


The paper introduced data production process of mining and metallurgical equipment in details,put forward a methodology of data quality engineering of fault diagnosis of complex mining and metallurgical equipment which can ensure veracity of fault diagnosis by improving data quality,namely the measure can reduce data variation through optimal design of anti-interference of data collection system(outline), and recognise data variation source and decrease and prevent from variation in use and maintenance(inline),in order to collect high-quality data of equipment state under bad mining and metallurgical environment and insure data reliability of fault diagnosis of equipment.Verification of practical example showed that the method can provide solution of data quality assuring,and can decrease false alarm or fail report.


Previous studies have examined the effects of grouping on the locating (search) phase of foraging and feeding behaviour in fishes. Few studies have examined whether schooling in fishes may facilitate individual foraging by enhancing a group's responsiveness to food odours. The purpose of the current study was to assess the effect of increasing group size on the responsiveness of zebrafish, Brachydanio rerio (Hamilton Buchanan), to L-alanine, an amino acid which is an important constituent of prey odours for many fishes. Based on the results of previous studies, either an increasing or decreasing linear relationship or a unimodal (convex or concave) relationship between responsiveness and group size was expected; the results, however, were bimodal. Groups of four fish were most responsive to alanine, as determined by the mean percentage of occurrences of fish in the area of a behavioural arena (an octagonal fluviarium) into which alanine was infused (at 10−3, 10−4, or 10−5 M). Groups of two, six and eight fish were significantly less responsive (P < 0.05) than either groups of four fish or individual fish. The responses of groups of two, six and eight fish were not significantly different from each other.


A number of technological improvements have been achieved in insect baculovirus expression system developed in 1980's,including rapid generation of recombinant baculovirus,establishment of engineered insect cell lines for high-level glycosylation of recombinant proteins,as well as enhancement of protein expression.


The integrated database systems (IDS) concept is being adopted by major industrial engineering contractors for the purpose of providing data-processing links between facility design, construction, operations, and maintenance. An IDS typically combines computer-aided-design (CAD) and relational data-base management software in a single multiuser system. Descriptions of two recently developed systems are presented as case studies. These case studies illustrate the diverse approaches that can be taken to develop and implement truly effective systems that provide tangible cost-saving benefits. Major technological barriers to IDS development no longer exist. However, the extent to which integrated systems will become commonplace in the future depends in part on how rapidly the data-processing and construction industries remove other minor barriers that include a lack of graphical data exchange standards and a lack of common commodity codes for bulk construction materials.


two contrasting perspectives treat classical theater and its representation differently. They also encouraged different ideas and representations of nationhood. The fifth and final chapter examines the commemorations of the third centenary of Lope de Vega's death in 1935. The ideological battle over how to pay tribute to a dramatist so emblematic of the Spanish nation prefigures the civil war the nation would devolve into in a matter of months. If on the one hand Lope represented the quintessential populism of Spanish theater, on the other he spoke to a nostalgia for Spain's imperial Catholic past. This chapter is arguably the most interesting as it presents less familiar material and juxtaposes analysis of stagings with other cultural movements, such as the inauguration in Madrid of Lope's house-museum or the conference cycle organized in honor of the dramatist by the conservative group Acción Española. Teatros nacionales republicanos presents useful material, yet its structure is sometimes confusing. The first chapter strays from the larger focus on Golden Age theater. While the material and analysis at times is fascinating (for example, the discussion of photos of the reception of Misiones' programming, 51-52), the reader struggles to place this chapter in the larger context of the book. One wonders if this material would not be better presented in the introduction where the author discusses the creation of a republican habitus. Chapter Four pulls significant weight in establishing a key concept for the entire book: how theater deliberately projects a determined idea of nation to the audience. Had the author presented this material as a first chapter at the book's start, it would have laid the groundwork for understanding the way theater envisions identity, consequently helping the reader understand how both Teatro del Pueblo and La Barraca contributed to the construction of a republican state. Ultimately, however, this is a mere question of ordering. While it would have facilitated a more cohesive argument, Rodríguez-Solás does effectively establish the terms of the argument. Teatros nacionales republicanos is a valuable volume that adds to our understanding of how the past contributed to the making and unmaking of the Spanish Second Republic. While the chapters could have been reordered to help the reader build on previous arguments, the material is well-researched and clearly written. RodríguezSolás enhances our understanding of the Second Republic by contextualizing the performances studied, examining the importance of place and space and drawing the readers' attention to the geographical and political dimensions of certain stagings. He also combines theater history with other cultural phenomena related to theater to show how the Second Republic forged a new national culture that was deeply rooted in a renegotiation of tradition.


This paper presents a case study analyzing which learning cognitive strategies are employed by students who play digital games in both in-school and out-of-school learning contexts. As a Case Study, it falls within the qualitative research category. The researcher integrated themselves to the subjects' learning facility for data-gathering, following all recommended ethical protocols for research involving underage subjects. The following data collection instruments were used: research diary, questionnaire, and interviews, conducted with teenagers who play digital games during formal learning activities. Analysis involved data-crossing and checking our data against existing studies and theories, as well as a cartographic production. Data indicates that digital games enhance student usage of cognitive strategies and favor competencies and abilities-based learning over formal learning contents.


In allusion to the emphases and difficult points of steel roof structure of synthesis gymnasium in Nanchang international sport center,based on the three aspects of measure control,support shelf setting up and hoisting,introduce the construction method and supervision key point.The real practice proved that,the hoisting designed project was reasonable,and have shorter period,the quality was satisfied with design demand.


Abstract: The Black and minority ethnic (BAME) awarding gap—the lower rate of first or upper second degrees awarded to BAME students relative to White students—is a persistent issue in UK higher education. Although the importance of clear, granular institutional data in understanding and addressing the awarding gap has been noted (UUK & NUS, 2019), little is known about how academic practices at specific levels (e.g. course or module) impact this gap. This paper introduces the Difference Index (DI), a novel quantitative measure of module mark differences between two groups that uses data already routinely collected by universities. Regression modelling conducted in a post92 university enabled exploration of the relationship between module characteristics and module mark gaps between student ethnic groups (Kwok & Alsop, 2021). We propose use of the DI to investigate awarding gap patterns at module level to facilitate the design of targeted interventions within and across institutions.


In this study investigated the influence of 5 new derivatives of chromone-3-aldehyde on the development of muscle dysfunction in the conditions of electromyostimulation test was estimated. The acute toxicity of the studied compounds was preliminarily estimated with the calculation of LD50. Further, myoprotective activity of chromone-3-aldehyde derivatives on the background of muscle dysfunction during prophylactic 7-day oral administration at a dose of 1/100 LD50 was studied. The degree of muscle fatigue was evaluated in the «strength-grip» test. To assess the severity of muscle fatigue, a series of biochemical tests were performed to determine: serum LDH, CK activity, myoglobin and creatinine concentrations; muscle tissue concentrations of lactic acid, pyruvic acid, total protein and AIF.In the result of the study found that the derivatives of chromone-3-aldehyde have a pronounced myoprotective effect associated with low toxicity (5 class of toxicity according to the GHS classification), which was confirmed by the results of the test «strength-grip» and the data of biochemical studies. The study of the connections are prevented, as myodystrophy processes, as evidenced by the decrease in serum concentration of myoglobin, CK and LDH activity, and the demonstrated metabolic action expressed in the normalization processes of aerobic oxidation, protein and macroergic compounds synthesis. In the series of investigated compounds under the ciphers X3Al and Х3А5 showed more pronounced activity than the compounds X3A2, Х3А3 and Х3А4. The study showed that the derivatives of chromone-3-aldehyde are promising objects for further study in order to create a drug with a high myoprotective effect and an optimal profile of safety.


Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the main nonconformities that result in cytopathological samples inappropriate for diagnosis in veterinary medicine. All cytopathological samples, obtained from different canine and feline tissues/lesions, included in the study were received and classified as inconclusive by a single public laboratory of veterinary pathology, located in Pernambuco State, Brazil, between 2012 and 2016. Nonconformities regarding the smear quality, cellularity, presence or absence of hemorrhage, cellular overlapping, desiccation, and presence or absence of necrotic debris and/or artifacts were evaluated. Data were tabulated using Microsoft Excel 2007; absolute and relative frequencies were calculated using EPIINFO 3.5.2. From the 3268 cases received between 2012 and 2016, 190 cases were selected and comprised 514 inconclusive slides. The most frequent nonconformities detected were insufficient/absence of cellularity in 100% (514/514), inadequate submacroscopic presentation in 87% (446/514), and hemorrhage in 69% (356/514) of samples. Other features identified were cellular overlapping in 34% (175/514), inadequate staining in 31% (175/514), artifacts in 30% (154/514), desiccation in 28% (145/514), and necrotic debris in 26% (133/514) of samples. The implementation of laboratory standard operational procedures aimed at maintaining quality is essential. It is necessary to initially identify the main errors occurring in the processing stages as a way to guide and design strategies to avoid them.


Chinese traditional landscape paintings are formed in the metaphysic atmosphere, based on Zhuangzi's philosophic thought of "inaction and peace of mind", which states that we should do nothing that goes against nature. Brief and metaphysic sense of beauty and artistic concepts are gradually set up and the unity of form and content is achieved in the creation process of artists continuously interpreting the artistic aesthetic relationship between object and subject, and nature and people, which is the main stream in ancient Chinese paintings.


Fluid filled cables are widely used among the electricity distribution networks. The problem arises with ageing and failure of the cable sheath followed by major or minor oil leaks into the environment. Detection of the leak and onsite reparation are both costly and time consuming. In this paper we describe an effective solution to these problem by formulating self-healable oil blends, where the healing takes place via contact with atmospheric oxygen. An effective oil blend has been developed which can be used with the existing cable oil to carry out the self-repair process without disrupting the operation of the cable.


Mobile Adhoc Network (MANET) is a combination of three words mobile means that are able to change their position + adhoc means temporary and network means autonomous collection of nodes. MANET is the subcategory of wireless network i.e. collection of nodes over wireless communication medium where all the node are capable to change their position so that topology of network keeps on changing. Routing protocol determines the route from source node to destination node. Adhoc on demand distance vector (AODV) routing protocol is a type of reactive routing protocol that determines the route whenever there is a requirement. However MANETs are vulnerable to number of attacks due to such as lack of centralized infrastructure, wireless medium and dynamic topology. In general, attacks can be categorized as active attack and passive attack depending on whether it's intention is to monitor the traffic or to cause damage to the network. Specifically, in this paper blackhole attack , wormhole attack and selfish node attack are being observed on AODV routing protocol. Selfish node attack is caused by selfish node that selfishly stops forwarding of packet and blackhole and wormhole attacks are caused by malicious node. This paper presents introduction of all these attacks and then it analyzes the performance of AODV under these attacks. The comparative analysis of these attacks is done with the help of NS2 simulation in terms of: cumulative sum of packets, throughput, end-to-end delay. The packet Ids of all the dropped packets are also plotted. Moreover, optimal packet size for the maximum throughput is also observed.


Crossmodal semantic priming is often considered to be a valid technique for measuring the activation of multiple word candidates, particularly if used with auditory prime words cut off before their offset. In previous studies, the technique has been used to show that the activation of multiple candidates is modulated by preceding context. However, the technique has also failed to yield consistent priming in other studies. A near-replication was carried out of one important predecessor experiment which has yielded priming effects indicating multiple activation. Results did not show consistent priming effects in this experiment. Monte Carlo simulations of the predecessor experiment strongly suggest that its positive results are artefacts of inter-listener variations in that particular experimental design. Hence, effects found with the crossmodal semantic partial priming technique may be less robust, and less reliable, than assumed so far. key words: spoken-word processing, crossmodal priming, experimental design, multiple activation, Monte Carlo simulation Robustness of crossmodal semantic priming —3— On measuring multiple activation using the crossmodal semantic priming technique


This paper focuses on Klein links, a non-orientable counterpart to the commonly studied class of torus links. In particular, a formula for determing the crossing numbers of specific Klein links is derived. Further, a reduction algorithm is developed that decomposes links contained within a particular subset of Klein links into two disjoint links. This reduction will simplify future discussion of Klein links.


Economic load dispatch problem involves various equality and inequality constraints which makes it complex. This paper presents a comparative study between Particle swarm optimization and Gravitational search algorithm to analyze the Economic load dispatch problem for three and six unit system. The role of heuristic optimization methods in solving the economic load dispatch problem has been highlighted in this paper. Recently, researchers are paying more attention towards these heuristic optimization methods techniques to solve Economic Load Dispatch problem in order to find out optimal scheduling while meeting the transmission and operation constraints. Comparison have been made in terms of robustness and optimal search behavior.


Fly ashes are used widely in many geotechnical applications. In most of the applications, compaction of the fly ashes is essential to improve their engineering behaviour. This paper presents the compaction behaviour of fly ashes along with the mechanisms controlling their behaviour. To this end, their compaction curves have to be presented on recently proposed volume-based parameters, namely solid volume occupation and water volume content, instead of weight-based parameters such as dry density and water content. For a given fly ash the variation in solid volume occupation with water volume content for any given compactive effort has been explained as being due to variation in the pore water pressure. Fly ashes resist the external compactive effort by shear resistance and positive pore water pressure development. The strength of fly ashes at any point on the dry side of optimum is the same, and on the wet side of optimum decreases with water volume content. The variation between the compaction curves of d...


This research aims to determine the implementation of the company's Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) or Environmental Social Responsibility (TJSL) Program in the health sector in Bandung City, which to date has not gone according to expectations. The research method that the author uses in this research is descriptive analysis with a qualitative approach. Data collection was carried out by means of observation, in-depth interviews and documentation studies. Meanwhile, the data analysis technique used was Analytical Hierachy Process (AHP), with the aim of measuring the strength, priority and consistency of various criteria and alternatives in each dimension, namely focusing on collaborative research. Governance is determined by the Context, Driver and Collaboration Dynamics system. The results of the research state that the Corporate Social Responsibility Program in the health sector in Bandung City has been running well. To improve CSR programs more effectively, this can be done by prioritizing Collaborative Process factors which are supported by Drivers, which are also influenced by System Contex. Collaborative Dynamics factor, an important aspect to prioritize is increasing Capacity for Joint Action which is supported by Shared Motivation based on Principled Engagement, then Collaboration Dynamics itself is supported by the existence of Drivers who influence it.System Contextsin this case it influences all factors (collaboration dynamics and drivers). Referring to the findings, aspects that need to be emphasized are attention to Resource Conditions and Socio-economic/Cultural Health & Diversity. This can all be realized well with Network Connectedness, Levels of Conflict/Trust, and Political Dynamics/Power Relations that are in harmony. The appropriate model related to Collaborative Governance as an effort to strengthen the Corporate Social Responsibility program in the health sector in Bandung City is to optimize and modify the model adopted from Emerson & Nabatchi (2015b) and Ansell & Gash (2008). The results of this adoption can in turn become an initial benchmark in implementing other CSR programs or other similar programs, both in the city of Bandung and in other regions.


with the development of education, the program design teaching is receiving more and more attention as one of the core computer science courses in recently years, more and more schools are training students in conjunction with Online Judge Systems (OJs). A great number of OJ platforms are developed in domestic and foreign, and there are many suits of exercises and solutions reported in the websites. However, the OJs do not classify neither the knowledge points, nor the difficulty of these topics. Moreover, corresponding problem solving methods have not been organized and used by programming enthusiasts. In this paper, we designed a classification method to solve this problem by predicting the topic categories, conjecting the free topics and the solution resources, and classifying the unknown categories and the difficulty level of new topics. It will benefit students and teachers in related learning with OJs.


The Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster occurred on March 11, 2011. The seismic event and following tsunami brought an extended Station Black-Out (SBO) accident. [1] In order to minimize the potential for damage of the primary containment, the decision was made to vent from the primary containment to the reactor building. However, in Units 1 and 3, hydrogen in the released gaseous mixture accumulated in the reactor building's upper portions, mixed with air, formed a combustible mixture, and resulted in large explosions with significant damage. The overall objective of this study is to analyze the BWR Mark-I SBO accident progression with respect to the effectiveness of containment venting within accident mitigation strategy. The analytical tool used is GOTHIC, an integrated, general purpose thermal-hydraulics software package that has been developed and applied for design, licensing, safety and operating analysis of nuclear power plant containments and system components. [2] In the present work, a simplified SBO demonstration GOTHIC model is developed for BWR Mark I containment and used to investigate the performance of reactor safety system and containment venting processes.


Opportunistic infection in HIV positive individuals has a high risk of morbidity and mortality as it could be a pointer to systemic infection. Aim: This study was designed to determine the patterns of some pathogenic fungal infections isolated from HIV positive individuals from ART clinics in south eastern Nigeria. Materials and methods: A total of 132 patients (62 males and 70 females) were recruited for this study. Their sputum samples were screened for Tuberculosis (TB) using Ziehl Nelsen staining technique and were also cultured on Sabouaurd dextrose agar with and without chloramphenicol incubated at 25℃ with examination of growth every 3 days for two weeks. Identification of isolates was done using Gram staining methods, chromogenic media and slide culture. Results: 46(34.8%) of the test subjects (132) were co-infected with TB while 94(71.2%) tested positive for fungi infection; 36(60.0%) for HIV-sero positive subjects on ART and 58(80.6%) for those not on ART (P<0.05). The prevalence of fungi isolates from test subjects shows that Candida albicans has the highest frequency of 25(26.6%), followed by Penicillum marneiffei with 18(21.6%), with the least prevalent being Aspergillus flavus and Phialemonium curvatum at 2(2.1%) respectively. In HIV-sero negative indivuals, Candida albicans was of the highest prevalence with 7(53.9%), followed by Candida tropicalis with 3(23.1%) and Aspergillus fumigatus and A. flavus with the least prevalence of 1(7.7%) respectively. Furthermore, there was a positive significant correlation between TB and fungi infection in HIV-sero positive subjects (P<0.05). Conclusion: The high prevalence of fungi infection amongst TB co-infected HIV-sero positive individuals suggests a high degree of drug resistance in said patients thus, could be the mitigating factor behind the increasing morbidity and mortality among TB co-infected HIV positive subjects.


I n 1934, the writer James Joyce sought treatment for his severely disturbed daughter, Lucia, and brought her to Dr. Carl Jung for an analysis. (Soon after, Lucia received a diagnosis of schizophrenia at the Burghölzli psychiatric clinic in Zurich.) James Joyce saw a direct connection between his own creative genius and his daughter's illness. "Whatever spark or gift I possess has been transmitted to Lucia," Joyce told Jung, "and it has kindled a fire in [Lucia's] brain." But Jung perceived an important distinction between father and daughter. He described them as "two people going to the bottom of a river, one falling and the other diving." I believe Jung was getting at a crucial distinction: that between the involuntary nature of psychosis ("falling") and the voluntary act of the creative imagination ("diving"). All this comes to mind in light of an op-ed by Mark Lukach that recently appeared in the New York Times. Lukach gives a poignant account of his wife's multiple episodes of psychosis, which—eerily enough—tend to recur