The stock of financial assets owned by private households at the end of 1993 was estimated at almost Sch 2,100 billion. For the individual household this amounts to financial assets worth about Sch 660,000 on average, while indebtedness was slightly higher than Sch 260,000. These amounts may seem high but the financial wealth of Austrian households is low in an international comparison. While in the U.S., Japan, and the United Kingdom financial assets are more than twice as high as nominal gross domestic product, financial wealth amounted to only 98.7 percent of GDP in Austria; this ratio puts Austria in ninth place among 11 OECD countries. In a ranking of per-capita GDP at purchasing power parities, Austria is, however, ranked as high as fourth. Even the household sector in Germany, despite the accession of the new Lander, has a markedly higher ratio of financial wealth to GDP. On a per-capita basis, financial wealth was the highest in Japan and the U.S., exceeding Sch 700,000. With Sch 331,000 Germany is ranked ahead of Austria (Sch 264,000). On the other hand, indebtedness of households is very low in Austria. In relation to gross domestic product, it is lower only in Italy. For the first time in Austria it was possible to go beyond the global data and to investigate the portfolio behavior of private investors on the basis of a survey of more than 1,000 households in Vienna. The main results of this study are that only a relatively small group of households take advantage of more sophisticated investment forms. Another major result was that the financial position of households varies markedly over the life cycle. With a share of 85.9 percent, by far the largest group within the household sector can be classified as traditional-conservative investors. 8.7 percent of all households hold only a minimal portfolio. Only 5.4 percent of households can be characterized as holding a more differentiated portfolio, i.e., taking advantage of a greater variety of investment instruments. The main feature of this small group of households is that 84.2 percent own securities. About 29 percent of these households hold shares in their portfolio. If household types are formed according to the life cycle, only households with two married family members under 39 years of age are in a position of net indebtedness. For this type of household, establishing a family, investing in housing, and having a low income and wealth level occur in the same phase, resulting in an excess of liabilities over assets. Two-person households whose primary income earner is more than 50 years old have the highest net financial wealth. Long-term wealth accumulation as well as the repayment of debts account for the favorable position of this type of household. The study reveals finally that households that have received bequests have a higher stock of financial assets. A significantly higher percentage of this group (23 percent versus 11 percent) owns securities. The rising number and volume of bequests thus turns out to be a crucial factor in fostering change in portfolio behavior.


I endorse a situationist perspective on the ways in which anti-social behavior by individuals, and of violence sanctioned by nations, is best understood, treated and prevented. This view has both influenced and been informed by a body of social psychological research and theory. It contrasts with the traditional dispositional perspective to explaining the whys of evil behavior. The search for internal determinants of anti-social behavior locates evil within individual predispositions – genetic "bad seeds," personality traits, pathological risk factors, and other organismic variables. The situationist approach is to the dispositional as public health models of disease are to medical models. It follows basic principles of Lewinian theory that propel situational determinants of behavior to a foreground well beyond being merely extenuating background circumstances. Unique to this situationist approach is using experimental laboratory and field research as demonstrations of vital phenomena that other approaches only analyze verbally or rely on archival or correlational data for answers. The basic paradigm to be presented illustrates the relative ease with which "ordinary," good men and women are induced into behaving in evil ways by turning on or off one or another social situational variable. I will start with a series of "oldies, but goodies" -my laboratory and field studies on deindividuation, aggression, vandalism, and the Stanford Prison Experiment, along with a process analysis of Milgram's obedience studies, and Bandura's analysis of "moral disengagement." My analysis is extended to the evil of inaction by considering bystander failures of helping those in distress. This body of research demonstrates the under-recognized power of social situations to alter the mental representations and behavior of individuals, groups and nations. Finally, I explore extreme instances of "evil" behavior for their dispositional or situational foundations – torturers, death squad violence workers and terrorist suicide-bombers. 1 . The political views expressed in this chapter represent solely those of a private citizen-patriot, and in no way should be construed as being supported or endorsed by any of my professionalinstitutional affiliations.


A text corpus typically contains two types of context information -- global context and local context. Global context carries topical information which can be utilized by topic models to discover topic structures from the text corpus, while local context can train word embeddings to capture semantic regularities reflected in the text corpus. This encourages us to exploit the useful information in both the global and the local context information. In this paper, we propose a unified language model based on matrix factorization techniques which 1) takes the complementary global and local context information into consideration simultaneously, and 2) models topics and learns word embeddings collaboratively. We empirically show that by incorporating both global and local context, this collaborative model can not only significantly improve the performance of topic discovery over the baseline topic models, but also learn better word embeddings than the baseline word embedding models. We also provide qualitative analysis that explains how the cooperation of global and local context information can result in better topic structures and word embeddings.


Feminist responses to childhood sexual abuse, once seen as a political issue requiring a political response, are now at the forefront of the therapeutic endeavour of reconstructing victims as psychologically damaged and in need of healing. Women no longer need memories of abuse to find themselves in the pages of therapeutic and selfhelp literature aimed at victims of childhood sexual abuse. With large numbers of women coming to tell stories of sexual abuse, often based on 'recovered' memories, a fierce debate has ensued. Ostensibly over the veracity of women's stories, this debate centres on the role of therapists in the 'uncovering' or 'planting' of memories. It is a debate that has been constructed by many of those involved as one between feminists and anti feminists, in which those who reject recovered memories are accused of being on the side child abusers. Such a polarisation makes it difficult to critically engage with this subject or challenge the orthodoxies which position not only female victims of childhood sexual abuse but also 'ordinary' women as somehow damaged and in need of healing. Largely absent from this debate are the voices of those women whose lives are at the centre of these stories. Constructed as victims, either of sexual abuse or therapists, their involvement in writing these narratives is left unexplored. My aim in this thesis is to look at the experiences of these women and the roles they themselves play in the construction, and in the case of some their ultimate rejection, of narratives oj childhood sexual abuse, and the use they make of these stories. The research is based on in-depth interviews with eleven women and written accounts supplied by anothel five. Their stories were based on continuous, recovered and, for some, false, memorie~ of sexual abuse. In locating the tellers of these tales at the centre of this project I am able to show the variety of ways women engage with therapeutic and self-heIr literature in the process of making sense and giving meaning to their lives and to tht selves who populate those lives. They do so with a creativity and imagination tha1 gives vent to the lie that they are merely passive victims, either of sexual abuse or oj malicious therapists, within a therapeutic culture which constructs them ru psychologically damaged and ultimately to blame for their own unhappiness ane dissatisfaction. I have shown that they play an active role in the construction and uSt of abuse narratives, within which they do not necessarily, or always, accept tht principles and ideas that form the basis of these stories. I also show that for many ~ narrative of child sexual abuse may be the 'best story' even if it is not the 'right' one in a culture where women are limited in and by the stories that can be told. In doing S( I hope I have also contributed to the creation of a space where women can tel different stories and construct different selves.


Abstract : This report addresses the Department of State's (DoS) management of a $50 million grant to the National Democratic Institute (NDI) for democracy-building activities in Iraq. This is the largest grant awarded to NDI by the Bureau of Administration, Office of Acquisitions Management (AQM) on behalf of the Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor (DRL) and is intended to support governance, political party, and civil society programs in Iraq. DRL's mission is to lead U.S. efforts to promote democracy, protect human rights and international religious freedom, and advance labor rights globally. In a prior audit, SIGIR found that both NDI and the International Republican Institute (IRI), which also received DRL democracy grants, had significant security costs, and DRL did not have documentation on whether either grant was meeting its goals (SIGIR 10-012). Subsequently, SIGIR reviewed IRI's largest DRL grant more in depth (SIGIR 10-022). In this follow up audit, SIGIR's objectives are to examine for NDI's $50 million DRL grant, the reasonableness, allowability, and allocability of NDI's claimed security costs, and the extent to which the grantee documented its success in achieving governance, political participation, and civil society goals and objectives.


We investigate the compilation of general multilinear variational forms over affines simplices and prove a representation theorem for the representation of the element tensor (element stiffness matrix) as the contraction of a constant reference tensor and a geometry tensor that accounts for geometry and variable coefficients. Based on this representation theorem, we design an algorithm for efficient pretabulation of the reference tensor. The new algorithm has been implemented in the FEniCS Form Compiler (FFC) and improves on a previous loop-based implementation by several orders of magnitude, thus shortening compile-times and development cycles for users of FFC.


For the problems of the storage and management of complex ecological information, a multi-dimensional hierarchical aggregation cube (MH_Cube) model based on B(superscript +) tree was proposed. A multi-dimensional hierarchical B(superscript +) tree was set up from a d dimension space with binary codes to realize quick query, data update and pattern update algorithms. Compared to the conventional cubes, MH_Cube exhibited better performance. The ecological data experiments showed that the model provided a good solution to the problems of the storage and management of complex ecological information.


【Task】 A The present invention includes a turbine engine having a detonation chamber, and to a aircraft provided with the turbine engine. Chamber of the turbine engine (1) (4) is provided with an associated means (8, 9) and annular detonation chamber (7) that can be used from the explosive mixture of fuel and air to produce hot gases comprising a continuous detonation wave engine (6). Continuous detonation wave engine (6), from the incoming air stream (E), a second flow that bypasses the first flow (F1) and chambers used by the engine (6) enters the detonation chamber (7) (F2 ) are arranged to form a. Turbine engine (1) is provided with a hot gas (F3) leaving the detonation chamber (7), the second air flow (F2) and an auxiliary means for mixing (10) before going to the turbine (5) is also provided. A plurality of detonation chamber (7) is arranged concentrically to one another with respect to the axis of the turbine engine.


Preface Fiscal policy & economic growth in Central & Eastern European countries The linkage between public investment & economic growth in Romania The dependency structure of stock market returns in Central & Eastern European countries Portfolio selection under downside risk constraints in Central & Eastern European emerging markets An econophysics approach for modelling the behaviour of stock market bubbles: case study for Bucharest Stock Exchange Fiscal discipline & strategies for fiscal adjustment: empirical evidence for European Union economies.


Sigma delta modulator was used as A/D converter in many applications. By calculating 1-bit data stream directly in a period has high resolution with short time. According to the periodic characters of the output bit string in sigma delta modulator with DC rational input, a new method based on the correlation analysis was given to fix the period of output bit string. Assuming the output 1-bit data stream in a sigma delta modulator is y(n), considering the output series y(n) of finite length, its autocorrelation function ryy(0) (when m=0) is maximum. Calculating autocorrelation function ryy(m)continuously until m=T, when ryy(T)= ryy(0), T is the cycle period. By averaging y(n) in T interval can obtain corresponding input level value. Any DC input signals can be regard as a rational based on the system precision, the period T was obtained from the modulator output and is independent of the initial condition, so the method has important significance in practical application.


There are two basic influences of technology in the mathematics classroom: it can make a difference to how we teach and it can also affect what we teach. The latter is a huge area that is being well aired elsewhere. This article explores just a few ideas that have proved successful in bringing the subject to life in the classroom in ways which were impossible to imagine when we started teaching. They stem from the premise that a data projector and the internet connection are available in the classroom.


AJENG INTAN PURNAMASARI. Cipaganti Village Community's Perception and Behavior of the Javan Slow Loris (Nycticebus javanicus). Supervised by NURMALA K. PANDJAITAN. Perceptions of the Javan slow loris are the responses to, and understanding of this Javanese prosimian. It captures the senses sight, hearing, smell, feeling and reasoning through a mental process, which will be the motivation, strength, encouragement or presseure to perform a certain behavior. This study aims to acquire knowledge of the perception of the local community in Cipaganti village regarding the Javan slow loris and to determine the relationship between the perception of the villagers of Cipaganti and their behaviour towards the javan slow loris. Perceptions in Cipaganti village as a whole can be seen as appropriate behaviour of the Javan slow loris, the Javan slow loris has benefits, and has economic value. Furthermore they believe in various traditional myths surronding the slow loris and perceive it as dangerous. Respondents generally do not approach a slow loris when sighted and assume that if humans not disturb these prosimians, the javan slow loris will not interfere with or even attack humans.


The title for this review essay might also be the prayer uttered by any sailor who has ventured in a small boat beyond the sight of land: "Dear God, be good to me; the sea is so wide and my boat is so small." As they say, there is more than one way to skin a cat, although I cannot for the life of me imagine why anyone would want to do such a thing, and I also have no idea why the saying arose. But it does seem to be appropriate in discussing these three books. They are authored by Frank Dye, the consummate English minimalist who dodges along the shores of North America and the Great Lakes in his sixteen-foot sloop Wanderer, the Irishman, Dermot O'Neill, who ventures forth from Kinsale to satisfy a dream of sailing solo across the Atlantic in his twenty-six-foot sloop Poitín; and the Dutch immigrant, Jerry Heutink, who, after completing the construction of Trillium II, a forty-six foot catamaran, sets off from Penetanguishene, Ontario, to sail the seven seas, identified by Heutink as the Atlantic, the North Sea, the Baltic, the Mediterranean, the Caribbean, the Indian, and the Red Sea"These are three quite different books in many ways, but have in common the theme of sailing and satisfying an underlying dream to venture forth in a small boat to sail the questing sea. Frank Dye, however, is a special case and already a cult figure among small-boat sailors for his numerous voyages in his sixteen-foot Wayfarer dinghy. These include passages from Scotland to Iceland and across the North Sea to Norway. He was sufficiently well known to be a feature at the Earl's Court Boat Show back in 1963 where, incidentally, he met his wife, Margaret. After a year of suffering outlandish discomfort in damp sleeping bags, wearing seven layers of clothing and things like rubbing meths to prevent pressure boils, she, despite


NASA's Airborne Microwave Observatory of Sub-canopy and Subsurface (AirMOSS) project, with more than 1200 flight hours of a P-band synthetic aperture radar (SAR), was completed in September 2015. The goal of this mission was to improve the estimates of the North American Net Ecosystem Exchange (NEE) through providing high-resolution observations of root zone soil moisture (RZSM) over nine regions representative of the major North American biomes. AirMOSS flights covered areas of approximately 100 km by 25 km containing FLUXNET tower sites in regions that ranged from boreal forests in Saskatchewan, Canada, to tropical forests in La Selva, Costa Rica. These sites are marked in Fig. 1.


Purpose – The aim of this paper is to argue for an explicit foundation of market exchange on person‐to‐person relationships as an alternative to the foundation on person‐to‐goods relationship underlying the exchange model inherited from neoclassical economics and classical contract law and used in a large significant share of marketing studies.Design/methodology/approach – The paper provides a unifying theoretical framework to the analysis of transactions and relationships that links institutional approaches from economics, sociology, and law.Findings – Relational contract theory provides a common ground for phenomena studied by both traditional exchange‐based and relationship marketing approaches. Relational contract theory conceives all types of market exchange as based on person‐to‐person relationships and provides an anchor for institutional, social and economic approaches in marketing.Research limitations/implications – The concept of transaction provides a common foundation for the analysis of marke...


Spino‐olivary projections to inferior olive (10)in a prosimian primate, Galago senegalensis, were studied by using a modification of the Fink and Heimer ('67) technique. Prior to examining the arrangement of spinal axons within 10, its conformation was determined from a series of cresyl violet acetate sections. Galago I0 is composed of typical medial accessory (MAO), dorsal accessory (DAO), and principal (PO) olivary nuclei. The MA0 is divisible into subgroups a, b, c, d, a ventrolateral outgrowth (VLO), and a dorsomedial cell column (DMCC). Cytoarchitectural and experimental data indicate that DAO is subdivided into lateral (DAOI) and medial (DAO,) parts. The PO of Galago consists of dorsal and ventral lamellae connected by a lateral bend.


We have developed a novel alkaline anion exchange membrane derived from poly(ether-imide) for improved ionic conductivity. The effects of several important parameters on the chloromethylation of the membrane were investigated. These parameters included reaction temperature, reaction time, concentration of chloromethylation agent, concentration of polymer, and the amount of catalyst. The quaternization of the synthesized chloromethylated polymer was studied as well. The results show that all the studied parameters exhibited significant impacts on chloromethylation. Among them, the concentration of the chloromethylation agent played a key role in increasing the chloromethyl functional group attachment onto the polymer. It was found that the gelation could be avoided if these reaction parameters were controlled. It was also found that using an appropriate quaternization approach could significantly improve the ionic conductivity and optimize the conductivity of the membrane even though the functional chloromethyl groups attached to the polymer are limited. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The utility model provides an automatic water quality monitoring system based on Internet of Things, which comprises at least one water collection unit, a water distribution unit, an analyzing unit, a control unit and a monitoring control unit; the water collection unit is used for collecting water samples according to commands from the control unit and conveying the water samples to the water distribution unit; the water distribution unit is used for regulating the water flow and water pressure of the water samples entering the analyzing unit according to commands from the control unit; the analyzing unit is used for analyzing the water quality of the water samples; and the control unit communicates with the monitoring control unit, receives commands sent by the monitoring control unit and sends the analysis result output by the analyzing unit to the monitoring control unit. By adopting the technical scheme of the utility model, the supervision department can monitor the water quality real-timely and know the condition of the water body in a monitored area in time, thereby prewarning and forecasting heavy or river-basin water pollution accidents, solving disputes of water pollution accidents of trans-administrative regions, supervising the condition that the total amount control system is implemented and whether the discharge meets the standards, and the like.


The study was carried out to evaluate Proconvulsive effect of ofloxacin on electro convulsion & chemo convulsion and also to see its effect on locomotor activity in mice. The animals were given either saline (0.2 ml) or ofloxacin (25 mg/kg) intraperitoneally (i.p.) and the effect on spontaneous locomotor activity and maximal electroshock induced seizures (MES) was recorded. The mice were also given single & multiple doses of saline (0.2 ml i.p) or ofloxacin (25 mg/kg i.p.) and then they were subjected to sub convulsive doses of pentylenetetrazole (40 mg/kg i.p.) or picrotoxin (1 mg/kg i.p.) or strychnine (0.5 mg/kg i.p.). In results-the ofloxacin did not change the spontaneous locomotor activity or duration of tonic extension of hind limb of MES induced seizure significantly as compared to control group. Mortality was more in ofloxacin group after MES than the control group (30% vs 20%). No convulsions or jerky movements were seen after giving convulsants during single as well as multiple dose studies. Also no deaths were seen during subsequent 24 hours. The results indicate that ofloxacin may not have proconvulsant effect although higher doses of ofloxacin or other fluoroquinolones may be having this kind of adverse effects.


In this paper, we proposed a novel variational optical flow model with L0 norm regularization, which uses a sparse flow gradient counting scheme, and can globally control how many non-zero flow gradients are preserved to recover important motion structures in a sparsity-control manner. It is particularly effective for enhancing major flow edges while eliminating a manageable degree of low-amplitude motion structures to control smoothing and reduce oversegmentation artifacts. Different from other edge-preserving smoothing regularizers, it does not depend on local motion features, but locates important flow edges globally. It will not cause edge blurriness due to avoiding local filtering or average operation, and can preserve salient motion structures, even small-scale motion structures with high contrast can be preserved remarkably well. Benefited from the advantages of L0 norm regularization, the proposed optical flow method shows outstanding performance in sharpening major flow edges, flattening insignificant motion details to control smoothing and reduce oversegmentation artifacts while preserving fine-scale motion structures with high contrast. It also achieves good performance on the Middlebury dataset.


This study estimates two separate fertility models for developed and underdeveloped countries to determine if they are the same. The model differs from past studies in two respects: (1) a simultaneous equation model is used, and (2) an opportunity cost of fertility is included in the fertility equation. When this more complete model of fertility is used, the sets of regression coefficients of the fertility equations of developed and developing countries prove hereroge‐neous, contrary to the conclusions of past studies. Thus, it is suggested that development planning' in underdeveloped and developed countries might proceed differently as far as the population variable is concerned. Underdeveloped countries may find it necessary to allocate scarce capital to investment in human beings, for this seems to be a powerful tool whereby population growth can be limited. On the other hand, developed countries might find it advantageous to invest in human capital and also to encourage greater female participation in...


It is well known that every representation of the group Un of unitary matrices of order n × n is equivalent to a unitary representation (see e.g. Little-wood (6), ch. XI). Our object in the present paper is to discuss some properties of those representations, and to construct a specific unitary representation.


A drink based on stable tea at ambient conditions, including a tea extract of Camellia sinensis, Camellia assamica or Aspalathus linearis that contains no more than 3% tea solids, cinnamic acid or a derivative thereof in a concentration between 1 and 150 ppm and an acidulant in an amount capable of maintaining the pH of the beverage below 4, 5.


In this paper, the detection and localization of possible continuous control system failures are investigated in continuous and discrete domains, respectively. Only such failures that manifest themselves as abrupt variations in the coefficients of the system governing differential equations are considered. The local and global failure detectabilities of different system variables are defined. Based on these definitions, the paper shows that instantaneous failure detection is possible only by observing the failure-induced jumps in some continuous system variables under the noise-free conditions. If noise is present, a robust way of failure detection is to average the observed variables before making any decisions. Consequently, a residual-based failure detection scheme is derived. It comprises essentially a hypothesis testing on the mean of the window-averaged residuals between the output of the system and that of the model. After the possible occurrence of the failure being detected, under the noise-free conditions, the failure location can be traced in terms of the changed coefficients of the system differential equations by simply solving a set of linear algebraic equations in the discrete domain. If the data are noisy, least-squares type of algorithms can be used to increase the robustness of the failure localization. Two examples of continuous systems subject to possible failures are simulated to demonstrate the direct and residual-based failure detection schemes.


This study analyzed novel Namaste by Park Bum-shin. The methodology is the common theory created by Jean-Luc Nancy, Maurice Blanchot, Judith Butler, Antonio Negri, Michael Hardt. The results are as follows. The common plays an important role in communication. We need to find the common between heterogeneous beings. And we must share(partage) the common. At this time, we can communicate. And an attempt to create the common constantly trying to be. This study analyzed the content of the above in Namaste. This study will contribute to a multicultural society now. the common is the starting point of coexistence. We need to find the common between heterogeneous beings. Then the coexistence and communication is possible. novel Namaste by Park Bum-shin gives these lessons.


In this letter, we introduce a frequency division concept for passive wireless sensors utilizing the intermodulation communication principle. This concept enables multiple identifications (IDs) and multiple access protocol when several sensors are within the reading range of the corresponding reader. The ID and multiple access scheme based on frequency division is experimentally demonstrated with 10 binary passive wireless sensors operating simultaneously in the 866 MHz UHF band. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:274–277, 2015


The objective of this research is to propose a safe, effective and affordable cancer treatment using electrical pulses and the natural turmeric herb extract, curcumin. Curcumin has anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and anti-tumor properties, but its use is limited due to its short bioavailability. To enhance its efficacy, we have encapsulated curcumin within nanoparticles to extend its bioavailability and tested it on MCF-7, human breast carcinoma cells. We administered eight, 1200V/cm, 100μs electrical pulses to deliver curcumin and nanocurcumin into cells and study their anti-tumor response over a period of 72 hours. The results suggest that the synergy of nanoencapsulated curcumin combined with electrical pulses may provide an important novel alternative for increasing cancer treatment efficacy. Further, electroporation-based, nanocurcumin delivery method for breast cancer may be especially effective in the treatment of inoperable and chemo-resistant patients.


When adults look at the images presented in Figure 1, we recognize that some of them (namely, those in the lower row) are strange looking, impossible human figures. This realization is fairly effortless and we can easily classify some of the images as belonging to the category of typical human body shapes whereas others belong to a category of atypical or impossible human body shapes. Presumably, these judgements are made with reference to a mental representationFa template, image or conceptFof the structure of the human body that we all share. This representation engenders recognition of the body as a physical object, and specifies its typical shape and the arrangement of parts in the whole. The questions this Monograph addresses are: At what age do infants discriminate different human body shapes, and what does the development of this ability tell us about the origins and early development of knowledge about the human body? It has long been suggested that the human body occupies a special place in both the adult and developing mind. There are a number of facets to this assumption. Human cognition is ''embodied'' in the sense that the experiences that inform our knowledge are constrained by the sensory and motor functions that the body makes The human body is special because it, unlike any other object, is known from both the inside and from without, from first-and third-person perspectives. The body is not only a knowable object in its own right, but it also serves as a vehicle for conveying information about other individuals, including their transient mental states such as direction of attention and emotion, personal identity specified by an individual's characteristic body postures and movement patterns, and aspects of social identity such as gender, age and attractiveness. The human body is therefore highly complex and occupies a unique


In today's healthcare system, clinical diagnosis has taken on a crucial role. As the COVID-19 virus's global infection declines, the monkeypox virus is steadily developing. Because of this, it's critical to identify them early, before they spread to the larger population. Early detection can be aided by AI-based detection. In this study, a fusion based contrast enhancement approach is used to preprocess the source images. Two pre-trained DCNN models (Inception-ResNet-V2 and NASNet-Large) are modified and trained using transfer learning. From each DCNN model, deep feature vectors are extracted and the entropy-based controlled algorithm is used for the best features selection. The convolutional sparse image decomposition fusion approach is utilized to fused the feature for classification. Finally, the selected features are forwarded to a multi-class support vector machine (M-SVM) for final classification. After performing experiments on public datasets, the proposed approach obtained an accuracy of 98.59%, sensitivity of 92.78%, specificity of 95.47%, and AUC of 0.987. Simulation studies show that the proposed approach outperforms other methods both visually and quantitatively.


Nanotechnology plays a crucial role in food preservation, offering innovative solutions for food monitoring and enabling the creation of packaging with unique functional properties. The nanomaterials used in the packaging can extend the shelf life of foods, enhance food safety, keep consumers informed about contamination or food spoilage, repair packaging damage, and even release preservatives to prolong the durability of food items. Therefore, this review aims to provide an overview of the diverse applications of nanotechnology in food packaging, highlighting its key advantages. Safety considerations and regulations related to nanotechnology packaging are also addressed, along with the evaluation of potential risks to human health and the environment, emphasizing that this field faces challenges in terms of safety considerations and regulations. Additionally, the development of nanotechnology-based packaging can drive advancements in food preservation by creating safer, more sustainable, and higher-quality packaging. Thus, nanotechnology offers the potential to enhance the efficiency and functionality of packaging, delivering substantial benefits for both manufacturers and consumers.


Herein, we report the successful surgical treatment of the case of a 13-year-old patient with combined pulmonary artery stenosis, critical stenosis of the xenopericardial conduit and aortic valve insufficiency after two previous operations (radical correction of the common arterial trunk during the neonatal period and replacement of the right ventricular excretory tract conduit with branch plasty at three years of age). According to echocardiography, the peak pressure gradient across the conduit was 110 mmHg, along with aortic valve regurgitation of the third degree. According to computerised tomography angiography, there was narrowing of the right pulmonary artery up to 3 mm distally along with total calcification of the conduit and branches of the pulmonary artery with an intimate fit to the chest wall. The trunk of the pulmonary artery was replaced with a valve-containing conduit CARBOMEDICS СARBO-SEAL No.25 (LivaNova PLC, London, United Kingdom); right pulmonary artery plasty was performed with a xenopericardial patch; aortic valve was replaced with CARBOMEDICS СARBO-SEAL No.23 (LivaNova PLC, London, United Kingdom), a mechanical prosthesis, and supracoronary prosthetics were used for the ascending aorta. The duration of cardiopulmonary bypasswas 309 minutes, cross-clampwas 142 minutes and circulatory arrest was 49 minutes, with 26°C hypothermia. Extubation was performed 10 hours after surgery, and he spent 3 days in intensive care. The duration of hospitalisation was 26 days. He was examined after 6 months, and there were no complaints. The presented clinical case shows that implantation of a mechanical prosthesis is justified with repeated reoperations on the outflow tract of the right ventricle and the pulmonary trunk, and it may be the surgery of choice.

Received 3 September 2020. Revised 1 October 2020. Accepted 5 October 2020.

Funding: The study did not have sponsorship.

Conflict of interest: Authors declare no conflict of interest.

Author contributions
Drafting the article: S.A. Belash, M.M. Amari
Literature review: S.A. Belash, M.M. Amari
Illustrations: S.S. Shevchenko, A.K. Shadrin
Critical revision of the article: K.O. Barbukhatti, S.A. Belash, N.B. Karakhalis, V.A. Porkhanov
Final approval of the version to be published: K.O. Barbukhatti, S.A. Belash, S.S. Shevchenko, M.M. Amari, N.B. Karakhalis, A.K. Shadrin, V.A. Porkhanov


FIELD: physics, computer equipment. SUBSTANCE: invention is related to the system of bank transactions, which connects accounts by means of common accounts. Existing accounts of bank accounts owner, and also newly opened accounts are independently connected according to instructions of bank account owner for convenience of transactions making between main account of owner and auxiliary accounts of other owners without application of corresponding accounts numbers. Classification of the main and auxiliary bank accounts and control of these accounts are possible by individual number of bank account with preset code of account, which is assigned by bank for performance of transactions between main and auxiliary accounts in realisation of traditional bank system. Besides, transaction into external transaction network, including payment gateway, may be processed without change of existing format of data with provision of maximum convenience both for bank account owner and bank. EFFECT: giving the chance to main account owner to perform transactions in connected accounts in online mode with simultaneous performance of transactions in the main account. 14 cl, 30 dwg


We prove, assuming the existence of a huge cardinal, the consistency of fully non-regular ultrafilters on the successor of any regular cardinal. We also construct ultrafilters with ultraproducts of small cardinality. Part II is logically independent of Part I.


The public goods theory and the model of the consumer's equilibrium show that the market mechanism cannot efficiently supply the public goods. In this way, the market failures are the source of the public allocation function. Especially, the non-excludability of the public goods prevents its voluntary funding. The standard model comes to the conclusion that the provision of public goods needs some institution which determines the individual contributions levels to finance their production. In general, the supply of public goods cannot be based on voluntary gifts but in governmental compulsory exaction. However, in contrast with the previous conclusion, we actually find numerous non-profit institutions supplying a wide range of public and quasi-public goods. In fact, in the last decade a large number a nongovernmental organisations have emerged and developed over the world. At the same time, the literature related to the non-profit organisations has experienced a significant increase, dealing with their operation, funding and performance.


Three-dimensional, time-dependent numerical simulations of the dynamics of magnetic flux ropes are presented. The simulations are targeted towards an experiment previously conducted at California Institute of Technology [P. M. Bellan and J. F. Hansen, Phys. Plasmas 5, 1991 (1998)] which aimed at simulating solar prominence eruptions in the laboratory. The plasma dynamics is described by ideal magnetohydrodynamics using different models for the evolution of the mass density. The initial current distribution represents the situation at the plasma creation phase, while it is not increased during the simulation. Key features of the reported experimental observations like pinching of the current loop, its expansion and distortion into helical shape are reproduced in the numerical simulations. Details of the final structure depend on the choice of a specific model for the mass density.


Objective To investigate 60Co γ-ray induced damage in lymphocytes and the relationship between doses of 60Co γ-ray irradiation and the levels of phosphorylated H2AX and ATM.Methods Cells were irradiated with 60Co γ-rays in the range of 0-8 Gy.The levels of phosphorylated H2AX and ATM were detected by Western blot and FACScan,respectively.The micronucleus(MN)was analyzed by CB method to evaluate DNA damage.Results FACScan results showed the dose-effect relationship of γ-H2AX expression were linear.square at 0.5 h post-irradiation to different doses,and the fitting curve was shown as Y=3.96+11.29D-0.45D2.The level of phosphorylated ATM(p-ATM)was not changed significantly by using the same method.Western blot showed that p-ATM protein expression was significandy increased after irradiation compared with sham.irradiated group.The MN assay which represented DNA damage was sensitive to different doses.Conclusions γ-ray irradiation could induce the phosphorylation of H2AX and ATM,which may play an important role in indicating DNA damage.Both of H2AX and ATM have the potential as sensitive biomarker and biodosimeter for radiation damage.

Key words:
60Co; γ-rays; Lymphocyte; γ-H2AX; ATM phosphorylation; Micmnucleus


Recent studies suggest that presence of a disposition effect in a large subset of investors can create stock mispricings, which has serious implications for market efficiency. We examine whether US equity mutual funds are disposition-prone, how that effect influences performance, investor flows and fund survival, and whether the disposition orientation of mutual funds affects stock prices in a sustained manner. We find that about 30% of all funds exhibit some degree of disposition behavior and that such funds underperform funds that are not disposition-prone by 4-6% per year. Moreover, after controlling for performance, tax overhang and other factors that potentially affect flows, disposition-prone funds attract significantly smaller flows than other funds. The results suggest that mutual fund investors are smart enough to minimize investment in disposition-prone funds. Consequently, disposition-prone funds have significantly higher rates of failure than other funds, thereby reducing the impact of such trading behavior on security prices.


In this article the results of experimental investigations of photo anisotropy in organic dyes embedded in different polymer matrices are reported. All the matrices used in this work can be subdivided into those entering into a chemical reaction with dye molecules and those that are chemically inactive. The results of this investigation are suggested that the matrix is of crucial importance of the creation of photo anisotropic materials.


Global Nuclear Fuel (a joint venture between the companies of General Electric. Toshiba, and Hitachi) has recently embarked on developing a new set of reactor analysis tools for use on modem fuel designs/core designs and the anticipated fuel designs/core designs for the next generation of Boiling Water Reactors (e.g., ESBWRs). The new set of tools include: a fuel performance code to analyze the thermal-mechanical properties of the fuel (PRIME03); a lattice physics code to analyze the characteristics of a fuel bundle (LANCER02): a multi-group steady state nodal code to analyze the characteristics of the core (AETNA02); a core monitoring code to analyze real-time operation of the core and satisfy Technical Specification compliance (ARGOS01); and a transient analysis code to analyze Anticipated Operational Occurrences and Loss of Coolant Accidents (TRACG05). This paper describes the LANCER02 lattice physics code and focuses on recent extensions to the code that allow for the analysis of multiple bundles lying along a two-dimensional plane of the reactor core.


By specific examples and from real need of archival work, the article explains the importance and necessity of archival appraisal work for preservation value and in deciding the retention period, and deeply studies their principles and methods. Meanwhile it appeals to archivists to pay more attention to study of preservation value of all kind of archives and the retention period, to "introduce "the concept of "vital records", and to establish management mechanism of the "vital archives".


A web-based survey was used to assess the relationships of religious faith and frequency of church attendance with tipping under conditions of good and bad service. Results indicated that Jews and those with no religion tipped more than Christians and members of other religions, but that the vast majority of Christians tipped at or above the normative 15% of bill size. Worship frequency also significantly interacted with service quality such that the tips of those who frequently worship vary with service quality less than the tips of those who worship less frequently. The practical implications of these results for service workers and restaurants or other service businesses with a large religious clientele are discussed.


In recent decades, the solar-grade silicon (~99.9999% purity) has become an important material due to its application in the construction of photovoltaic cells. The brittle behavior of silicon at room temperature difficult to obtain convenient shapes for subsequent processing steps. This study aims to analyze the fracture of silicon ingots occurred during the continuous casting process after melting in electron beam furnace. The analysis of silicon obtained in the continuous casting showed the occurrence of fracture cleavage. The fracture observed after casting starter silicon occurred in the same region of the ingot obtained in continuous casting, indicating that the force applied to extract the silicon during the continuous casting does not cause the fracture, which therefore results from thermal stresses during solidification and subsequent cooling. Mathematical modeling by the finite element method of heat transfer combined with the formation of thermal stresses showed that thermal stresses resulting from the cooling process after solidification could be sufficient to cause fractures observed.


Calculations of charge transfer total cross section in proton collisions with CH are presented at collision energies 10 eV < E < 6.25 keV. Two-state calculations using the sudden approximation for rotation and vibration do not show significant differences with respect to the simple Franck-Condon approximation, which is appropriate for energies above 200 eV. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2011


This memo describes an experimental application level protocol for
data transmission over tcp/ip or other streaming protocols. It is also
useful for data transmission over serial lines such as rs232. This is
an experimental, not recommended standard. Distribution of this memo
is unlimited.


Individual variation in the degree of feather wear is potentially a useful marker of individual quality or fitness, but next to nothing is known about causes and fitness consequences of feather wea ...


The article is based on an analysis of the results of monitoring conducted by the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation (formerly the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia) between 2018 and 2020: 1 — Monitoring on the compliance of organizations for orphans and children left without parental care with the requirements of Russian Federation Government Resolution No. 481 of 24 May 2014 On the activities of organizations for orphans and children left without parental care and the placement of children in them; 2 — Evaluation of the welfare of children in organizations for children left without parental care. It is shown that in three years there have been significant changes both in the environment external to the foster child and in the sphere of psychological well-being. Unfortunately, the introduction of a lockdown in the children's home system due to the COVID-19 pandemic does not allow for the 'net' impact of the new living and parenting environment on children's subjective well-being to be identified. Monitoring has made it possible to obtain annual information on the number of orphanages of all types and the number of children in them, which the current official system for collecting information (statistical form D-13) does not allow for. The data obtained made it possible to conduct a comparative analysis of current problems (abuse, bullying, consideration of the child's opinion, etc.) from the perspective of the administration and the children themselves. The study involved: 443 pre-schoolers, 1825 children aged 7—12, 3398 teenagers over the age of 12. The verified instrument was a psychodiagnostic complex assessing the subjective well-being of orphans. The results of the analysis of the monitoring data revealed objective factors of well-being related to "the duration of children's stay in the institution"; "creation of favorable conditions of stay close to the family"; "assistance in social adaptation for graduates of organizations for orphans"; "specifics of education and care of orphans and children without parental care, with disabilities" as well as subjective factors related to child satisfaction with their health, safety, well-being in the organization, self-esteem. The significant discrepancies in the formal assessment and subjective opinion of the children obtained allow adjustments to be made to the monitoring toolkit.


ABSTRACT Air pollution in Bangkok, Thailand, is mainly due to fine particles emitted in exhaust gases. However, many data on fine particle concentrations are missing, a fact which may bias the statistics. Exponential-type imputation minimizing the mean square error allows for estimating the missing values of these concentrations and provides an estimate with smaller mean square error of the mean concentration levels. The bias and mean square error of the proposed estimator are calculated. Simulation shows that the relative efficiency is 5% higher up to 50 observations, 12% higher for 100 observations, and 25% higher for 200 observations. Application to the measurement of fine particle concentration in Bangkok yields a mean square error of 0.73 micrograms per cubic meter squared, for a mean level of 47.40 micrograms per cubic meter, while the mean square error by the best alternative estimator selected is 0.90 micrograms per cubic meter squared, for a mean level of 48.20 micrograms per cubic meter.


The current work deals with the mixed micellization phenomena of surface active promazine hydrochloride (PMZ) drug with cationic hydrotropes (para-toluidine hydrochloride and ortho-toluidine hydrochloride) in absence and occurrence of 50 mmol kg−1 NaCl at five different temperature (293.15–313.15 K). PMZ is an amphiphilic phenothiazine drug and employed for the cure of mania and schizophrenia. Conductometry measurement was employed to gain a detailed picture of the interactions between drug and hydrotrope molecules. The experimental data were analyzed according to different mixing models within the outline of the pseudophase separation model. The evaluated values of critical micelle concentration (cmc) were found to be inferior than cmcid values signifying attractive interactions involving the both components in the solutions. NaCl further reduces the cmc of pure amphiphiles and their mixed systems as a result of screening of the electrostatic repulsion between the polar head groups. The micellar mole fractions (X1) of hydrotropes evaluated by various proposed models were constantly more than ideal values ( ) signifying high involvements of hydrotrope in mixed micelles. Activity coefficients ( and ) were always below one in all cases signifying synergism in mixed micelles. Thermodynamic parameters favor the process of micellization which is found to be entropy driven. The negative values of free energies of mixing demonstrated the stability of the mixed systems of drug and hydrotrope. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


There is a difference between the youth's context and that of their parents'. That's not the strongest opening statement I can think of. But consider this table showing generational and geographic differences between Catholics by Gallagher (1988). Although he stresses geographic location as a factor, I think age factor alone is enough determinant of the differences he cited regardless of location. These differences can be observed among members of every household whether in rural or urban setting.


Water is one of the things that plays a very important role in human survival, because the Indonesian government has a community-based water supply and sanitation (PAMSIMAS) program, so that all the programs run well need a regional status grouping technique in this research. with the K-means algorithm. K-means is a partition algorithm that aims to divide the data into the specified number of clusters, the results of the K means algorithm depend on the selection of the initial klater center but problems that often occur when selecting the initial centroid are randomly drawn from the solution. from the grouping is not quite right. To overcome this problem the author wants to use the PSO algorithm in the initial centroid selector for the K-means algorithm, in this study also compared the selection of the first 3 centroids according to random, second according to government standards the value of high, medium and low drinking water quality then the third method proposed by the PSO algorithm was then tested with Davies Bouldin Index. From the test results, the K-means method with the selection of random initial centroid with a value of 0.208856082, the K-means method with the selection of centroids in accordance with government standards about SAM conditions of 0.280077 and the best selection method is K-means PSO 0, 08383. So testing the PAMSIMAS data using K-means PSO found that the method was more optimal.


Deng Xiaoping's thought of common prosperity deeply reveals the nature of socialism.We must completely and accurately grasp its intention.In the present stage the difference between the rich and the poor in our country has been broadened,but it has not resulted in polarizaion.The formation of such a difference is mainly determined by the development of socialist market economy,the structure of ownership in the initial stage of socialism and the mode of distribution of the stage.The government should strengthen its macro-regulation and control the difference between the rich and the poor to prevent polarization.


The British government should encourage GPs to take responsibility for commissioning hospital services on behalf of their patients, says the King's Fund charity.

The report, published this week, examined the implications of implementing a strategy whereby GPs and other primary care staff are given greater scope to shape services in their locality—a policy known as practice led commissioning.

This policy would harness the talents of clinicians in managing and planning health services, something that has not happened in primary care trusts, where there are only small groups of doctors …


O n April 26th, 3000, a total solar eclipse will trace a path over South America, the Atlantic Ocean, and North Africa, a prediction no one disputes. While astronomers have long astonished humankind with amazingly precise forecasts, scientists trying to describe the future spread of pathogens must wrestle with far greater uncertainty. Researchers lack reliable data on how contagions spread, and small differences in their infectability, for example, can exponentially amplify the propagation of a virus, making it hard to predict the severity of epidemics and pandemics. A new study from Nigel Goldenfeld and Sergei Maslov, from the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, and colleagues could help make those predictions a little easier [1]. Taking the state of Illinois as a case example, the team developed amodel that assesses the short-term effect of nonpharmaceutical interventions on the spread of the virus that causes COVID-19.


A region matching variational optical flowalgorithm based on image local structure according to the computing accuracy and robustness of the variational optical flowmethod is proposed. Firstly,the data term of the optical flowestimation energy function combines the constancy of the image structure and constancy of the grey value,which introduces a penalty function to ensure the good accuracy and robustness of the optical flowcomputing. Secondly,the smoothing term uses an adaptive nonlinear diffusion function which related to the image structure to preserve the boundaries of the motion.Finally,the region matching strategy and the coarse-to-fine method are used to compute the large displacement optical flow,and then the robustness and convergence are proved by mathematical method. Several experiments prove that the proposed algorithm has the better precisionand robustness even there are terrible illumination changes,complex motion of non-rigid object and large displacement of multiple objects.


Organizations today looking to accelerate their AI and deep learning applications must make significant compromises in performance, price and ease of use due to the limited capabilities of traditional hardware solutions, which only address a narrow set of requirements for very specific needs. For example, they have to use multiple solutions for a single AI application, or they need to use different implementations for different types of data sets. This has created "silos" of different hardware architectures, making the extraction of intelligence from data difficult to manage, provision and scale to meet the hyper growth of AI applications. In this presentation, Wave Computing VP of Marketing Fadi Azhari will explain how the lack of a common AI platform, from the datacenter to the edge, is slowing AI market growth and reducing the productivity of data scientists in a wide range of fields. He will also explain how Wave Computing is addressing this challenge, and enabling data scientists to experiment, develop, test and deploy neural networks on a common platform spanning to the Edge of Cloud - and enabling enterprise-class companies better leverage AI as a fundamental part of their digital strategies.


The management of tuna fisheries in the Federated States of Micronesia since independence in 1979 is reviewed, noting the development, seasonality, and geographic range of the fisheries. The status of stocks, including trends in catch per unit effort and the approach to setting harvest levels for the major species, are also reviewed. Future developments and management aims are discussed.


Keeves, The Class Size Question: A Study at Different Levels of Analysis, Australian Council for Educational Research, 1984. Walter Dick and Lou Carey, The Systematic Design of Instruction, Scott, Foresman and Company, 1985. Robert E. Slaughter, William L. Holzemer, Donald B. Chambers, and Mark J. Slichter, TAP: Test Authoring Program, Addison-Wesley, 1985. Mildred R. Donoghue, The Child and the English Language Arts, William C. Brown, 1985. Grace Pung Guthrie, A School Divided: An Ethnography of Bilingual Education in a Chinese Community, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1985. Shirley Cohen and Rachel Warren, Respite Care: Principles, Programs, and Policies, PRO-ED, 1985. Ħenk G. Schmidt and Maurice L. De Voider, Tutorials in Problem-Based Learning. A New Direction in Health Professions Education, Assen: Van Gorcum, 1984. Norman E. Gronlund, Measurement and Evaluation in Teaching, Macmillan, 1985. L. R. Gay, Educational Evaluation: Competencies for Analysis and Applica tion, Charles E. Merrill, 1985. N. L. Gage, Hard Gains in the Soft Sci ences: The Case of Pedagogy, Phi Delta Kappa, 1985.


This work is concerned with the investigation of the weldability of the magnesium alloys AZ 91, AZ 61, QE 22 and WE 54 using a high power CO 2 -laser. Welding was conducted in a helium atmosphere and with filler wire. Part of the samples were post-heated treated. The joints were analysed with respect to their macro- and microscopic structure. It was found that all alloys could be welded without cracking and with a low porosity. Hardness measurements revealed no significant differences to the initial state. Mechanical properties were investigated by tensile and notched-bar impact tests. The loss in tensile strength was found to be low for all alloys. However, for the AZ alloys welding led to a significant decrease in impact strength independent from post-heat treatment. In the RE-alloys a significant increase was measured.


For compressive sensing,orthogonal matching pursuit algorithm( OMP) based on l0 norm regularization,homotopy algorithm( HM) based on l1 norm regularization and iteratively reweighted least squares algorithm( IRLS)based on l1 norm regularization are introduced. In numerical experiment,the validity of three algorithms above through analysis of numerical result are proved. Furthermore,for lower CPU cost and smaller mean square error,OMP is more efficient than other two algorithms based on l1 norm regularization.


The harpsichord has a clear advantage to all the electronic instruments of today: it will not get outdated. While the piano and all the instruments of the modern orchestra have been "upgraded" to respond to the needs of the music of the post-romantic era, the "queen of instruments" was clever enough to go to sleep for a century, and after a short odyssey in some piano factories is again built along the ideals of the 18 th century. So far, the harpsichord has made no sacrifice on the altar of primitive power and violence. And, after all, why bother? Do we not all prefer to be moved to be surprised?


Client/server(CIS) system architectures for enterprise-wide computing are becoming increasingly popular because of the advantages such as scalability, portability, interoperability,' and reliability. However, the distributed nature of such systems, as compared to centralized architectures, requires careful performance engineering of each system component so that the over" system performance meets the customer's requirements. Otherwise, the design has excess capacities in subsystems that future growth cannot take advantage of because they are not the potential performance bottlenecks. In this talk we first describe our performance engineering methodology for designing C/S systems. Our approach is top down in ftt we start with the throughput and response time requirements of the tasks that system supports. Then we traverse down the layers in the OSI model, from the application layer to the physical layer, mapping the activities in the various wks into resource consumption in the subsystems, such as client workstations, local area network, database servers, communication gateways, wide area networks and mainfrarne computers. System models are then evaluated for different workload scenarios using anatlytical techniques and/or simulation. Trade-offs in hardware, software, and networking technologies can then be performed for capacity planning and system design purposes. Then we describe the recent enhancements to Q+ designed specifically to support the design of C/S systems. Q+, the AT&T Queueing+Simulation Software is the visual interactive simulation tool developed at AT&T Bell Laboratories by the Performance Analysis Department to meet a wide range of design and analysis needs in communications, and computers. We have added a rich library of submodels for modeling subsystems in C/S systems, along with an interface to connect these submodels together quickly for modeling entire systems.


In the 40s and well into the next decade, in parallel with their plastic long-term projects which were reflected in the series of monumental, allusive and allegorical oil paintings of the world wars, Raquel Forner regularly collaborated on a project that in principle seems quite distant from that: the setting of the shop windows of the famous English store Harrods in Florida street. However, as we will try to demonstrate, those allegedly frivolous interventions in the fashion world set communicants ties with both aesthetic pursuits that the artist carried out simultaneously in his pictorial series, as the social-historical conjuncture of the mid-twentieth century, stressed for aesthetic and political debates.


The main contribution of the paper is to provide an approach to evaluating proposals for handling inconsistency in requirements.In a given scenario,for each proposal of inconsistency handling,the expected responses of the system-to-be that can be derived from a modied requirements specication are concerned with,which results from performing the proposal.The relative importance of these expected responses in the scenario may be viewed as an abstraction of suitability of the proposal.From this sense,utility vector function to measure the degree of suitability of each proposal is presented.Then compare two proposals using their utility vector function values.It gives an intuitive ordering relationship over these proposals that can be described as"more appropriate than".These techniques provide a basis for choice of inconsistency handling proposals in requirements engineering.


The worst-case steering and braking manoeuvres for the roll-over and jackknife of a tractor/trailer vehicle are reported in this paper. The generation of worst-case manoeuvres is formulated as a one-player worst-case evaluation problem. Linear solutions are first solved by using classical optimal control theories. Nonlinear solutions are then obtained numerically. Sensitivity analysis based on the worst-case evaluation method is also performed to identify important variables for vehicle rollovers.


The optimal management of asthma is not simple. Our best current understanding of how asthma should be diagnosed and treated is summarized in the Expert Panel Report 3: Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Asthma.1 Although 417 pages long, this document still only summarizes the full complexity of asthma management.


Cynips oneratus HARRIS, Rep. Ins. Mass. Inj. Veget. 1841, p. 398; Treat. Ins. New Engl. Inj. Veget. 2nd Edit. 1852, p. 434; Treat. Ins. Inj. Veget. 3rd Edit. 1862, p. 548; ibid. New Edit. Flint, 1862, p. 548; ibid. 1863; ibid. 1880. Several galls and one adult in good state of preservation are in the collection. The gall is the product of Holcaspis globulus (Fitch) and the type of oneratus is a guest-fly of that species.


Scholars of religion are certainly no strangers to the problems posed by terminology. Indeed, we continue to hody debate the meaning of our subject matter—or is it a discipline?—"religion". And the problems extend down the terminological ladder. As Philip Tite (2001) has recendy shown in this journal, the names that we assign to traditions such as "Gnosticism" are equally problematic. How is Gnosticism, or for that matter Judaism, Christianity, Islam or Hinduism (especially!), to be defined in a meaningful way? Nor do things improve further down the ladder. Like all scholarly fields, religious studies has developed its own specialized vocabulary or "critical terms" (cf. Taylor 1998). Distinctive to the field are categories such as "myth", "asceticism" and "sacrifice." As has long been recognized, the terms are slippery: An enormous international conference on ascet icism, for example, failed to develop any consensus on the meaning of the term. The elusiveness of these analytical categories is not a minor matter. Scholarly studies can only be as precise as the language they use; and not a few recent and otherwise outstanding scholarly studies have been caught in terminological muddles. My modest goal in this essay is to untangle the ways in which scholars do, and can, use analytical categories in a meaningful way. This essay is more methodologically reflective and programmatic than theoretical; it results from my own struggles, as a self-reflective but not particularly theoretical scholar, to make some sense of the field and to add clarity to my own work. There are, I will argue, three primary ways in which we can use such categories: (1) as first-order categories embedded in their specific contexts; (2) as descriptors of human phenomena; and (3) as utilitarian, second-order constructs. My constructive argument will focus on the third way, which has perhaps fallen out of favor recently, and suggest some methods for making it more useful.


The continuous growth in the volume of liquid cargoes, transported by sea, leads to increase of tankers' size and to implementation of appropriate shore facilities, which have to meet the relevant environmental requirements. In order to ensure safety during loading and discharging operations in shore terminals, it is necessary to make an assessment on the level of potential risk in port and on-board the vessel and to take all necessary steps to reduce the possibility for environmental impacts and occurrence of an accident especially when performing transfer operations to/from ships. The article presents some constructive decisions for building of shore tanks and their application for storage and transfer of petroleum products. The measures for ensuring safe cargo handling are systematized in accordance with the specific performance characteristics of all the relevant loading or discharging processes herein discussed. The precautions are defined in three critical points of action operation on vessel systems, transportation of cargo using shore facilities and storage in tanks.


This article empirically analyzes the link between public procurement (PP) and innovation activities, by taking into account the moderating effect played by import penetration on PP. Using industry-level information on patent applications for 24 countries over the period 1995–2012, we test the impact of PP on innovation activities and whether and in which direction import penetration on PP impacts on patenting. The econometric analysis relies on Poisson regression techniques aiming to investigate the correlation between patent counts, supply- as well as demand-side determinants, and controlling for country and sector heterogeneity. The obtained results confirm our main hypotheses. The dynamics of patenting is positively affected by the PP, while a high degree of import penetration reduces the innovation enhancing effect exerted by public demand. Our results suggest that public demand may represent an effective tool for industrial policy to stimulate innovative activities, shape the transformation of production systems, and foster industrial renewal. Moreover, the empirical evidence shows that the strategy regarding the degree of openness in PP toward nondomestic firms is a crucial policy choice capable of affecting the innovative potential of public demand.


subject £o to show that no good result can be expected from the application of a single ligature above the tumour, as was employed in the above case. The method of Hunter offers not the shadow of a chance of benefit, the blood after it being at once brought back to the point of opening in the vessel by the col¬ lateral arteries, and entering immediately the vein again reproduces the disease. Nothing less than securing the vessels both above and below the seat of aneurism, whatever region of the thigh may be its scat, can in any way be justifiable, and by such means the chances of secondary hemorrhages and gangrene, as we have just shown, are so very great, and the probability of success so immeasurably small, that we think all prudent surgeons would hesitate before resorting to it.


I n 1966, Jones reported the case histories of four patients with chronic, severe stuttering whose speech reverted to normal fluency after damage to one cerebral hemisphere. His patients included one with a left frontal astrocytoma, two with middle cerebral arterial aneurysms, and one with an anterior comm u n i c a t i n g Be f o r e operation, intracarotid sodium amytal (Wada) testing in all four patients demonstrated bilateral dominance for speech. I n the course o f the disease and surgical treatment, portions of one hemisphere, corresponding to motor speech areas, presumably were damaged. The patients were transiently dysphasic; as this cleared, however, their speech became nortnally fluent with complete disappearance of stuttering. Postoperative Wada tcsting then showed o n l y unilateral speech mechanisms. All four patients remained free of stuttering at follow-up intervals o f IS months, 27 months, 18 months, and 3 years. Stuttering affects about 1 percent of the adult population and is a major occupational and social handicap for a significant portion of this group. The etiology o f stuttering is obscure. Although certain methods of treatment may improve the disorder, they d o not c o n pletely correct it. Jones' report suggests that bilateral hemispheric speech representation may be an etiologic factor. The cessation o f stuttering in his four patients after presumed operative in-jury to one cerebral hemisphere introduces the possibility of deliberatell creating a critically localized lesion, now a relatively simple and safe procedure i n 1190 Neurology / Volume 23 /November 1973 a r t e r i a I a n e u r y s m . neurosurgery, to convert bilateral motor speech doininancc t o unilateral dominance f o r the treatment of stuttering. Before considering this possibi I i ty, however, further con fir mat i o n of bilateral speech representation i n ordinary stutterers is needed. Travis' and Orton,' proposed more than 40 years ago that mixed dominance for speech was the primary etiologic factor in stuttering. Since then, numerous investigators have stud i ed var i o us I ate ra I i z a t i o 11 par am e ters but with inconclusive. results. Bryngelson and Rutherford' reported 61. I percent of stutterers were ambidextrous; i n other series"-!' the reported percentages have ranged from 20 to 77. I n 1969 Curry and GregoryX found ambilateral speech reception in 5 5 percent of stutterers tested with dichotic word-listening tasks. This appeared t o be the most reliable test o f cerebral dominance in stutterers yet devised. The Wada test is highly accurate for determining cerebral dominance. It originally was devised for patients with intractable seizures in whom cortical excisions were being considered."' I t is now a routine procedure. and in our survey of over 700 individual tests, n o permanent complications have been noted. I n a large series reported by Branch, Milner and


Under natural rainfall, the effects of four different "Shifengle" treatments on photosynthetic characteristics, water use efficiency and products of Castanea mollissima Blume were studied. It was showed that good water utility has positive effect on the products of Castanea mollissima Blume, which can be achieved by the increase of photosynthetic rates and water use efficiency, and by the decrease of transpiration rates of 20,10 mg L concentrations.


Decarburization refers to a phenomenon that the content of carbon in metal is reduced, and this could be advantageous or detrimental depending on the usage scenario. In this paper, a new feature, called Barkhausen frequency scale cepstrum coefficients (BFCCs), which was based on the cepstrum was proposed to evaluate the depth of the decarburized layer. The Genetic algorithm was used to optimize the parameters of the BFCCs feature. In the experiment part, the regression precision was compared under BFCCs and MBN envelope features using multiple linear regression (MLR) and BP neural network (BP). The regression experiment result was measured by mean absolute error (MAE) and shows the good representative ability of BFCCs for the depth of the decarburized layer.


Many governments of developing countries consider that croplands and pastures are more valuable than forest, so they harvest the most valuable timber, turn the smaller trees into charcoal, and burn the rest. Often the whole forest is razed to the ground and burned. Not only does the timber thus become a non-renewable resource, but many other valuable species are lost, for only a handful of scientists know what these valuable non-timber species are, and only rarely has the information been made available to governments.


Fracture resistance curves for concerned materials are required in order to perform elastic-plastic fracture mechanical analysis. Fracture resistance curve is built with J-integral values and crack extension values. The objective of this paper is to propose the estimation method of the fracture resistance curve. The estimation method of the fracture resistance curve for the pipe specimen was proposed by the load ratio method from load - displacement data for the standard specimen.


The socio economic conditions of peoples living in village sides of developing countries like India, ever increasing energy crises, and the increasing awareness to ourselves physically fit are the driving forces for the development of pedal operated mechanisms for performing many day to day activities. Such human energized mechanisms are used to generate power, to operate flour mill etc. But one common oblivious question that stuck in everyone's mind is about the level of comfort that it provide during its operation. Wheat and wheat flour forms the staple food of majority of population in India. Hence to encompass all these needs and facts, in this paper an attempt is made to develop an pedal operated flour mill with giving due respect to human capabilities. To make this design of pedal operated flour mill is ergonomically viable the structure (geometry) of the flour mill is made by taking into consideration the anthropometric data so as to provide comfortable posture during its operation.


In this paper,we studied the graininess,chemical composition,water solution,et al of charcoal ash of a power plant and introduced a style of profile control agent which was mainly made up of charcoal ash.After the analysis of information test data in laboratory and the field application,it shows that agent FP2 is very suitable to water shutoff of field well.After all,it has led to a good useful way for the power plant garbagecharcoal ash.


In a recent article in this Review (1983), Henry Chappell and John Addison provide new evidence on the "administered"-pricing thesis that links an industry's price behavior over the business cycle to its structural features, most notably, some measure(s) of the monopoly power possessed by firms in that industry. The approach taken by Chappell and Addison (C-A) is both sensible and novel. Essentially, they regress aggregate inflation measures for different groups of manufacturing industries on a distributed lag in monetary growth. The industry groups are distinguished by their degree of concentration-low, medium, or high-and the validity of the administered-pricing thesis is then tested by comparing the time pattern of response in each group to monetary impulses. Chappell-Addison conclude that this test reveals no clear response differences between the sectors of varying concentration, and hence reject the hypothesis of concentrationrelated administered prices. The purpose of this comment is to show that the C-A conclusions are overly strong. Their focus on the mean lag as the sole basis of interindustry comparisons obscures important differences in the pricing performance of the lowand high-concentrated sectors. More fundamentally, the C-A test is risspecified in that it fails to differentiate between the expected and unexpected components of money growth as suggested by Robert Barro (1977). When the analysis allows for these modifications, the C-A data reveal considerable support for the administered-pricing hypothesis. 1. The Chappell-Addison Model


The thematic background of Doležal ́s Tragoedia (1791) is formed by the images of the ancestors Adam and Eve ́s lives and the story of their son Abel ́s tragic death. The life in the garden of Eden as well as outside it is depicted by Doležal in the mode of an idyll, in the narrative and semi-dramatic (dialogue) form, which reflects human desire for a peaceful, non-conflicting and balanced being. Doležal ́s idyll lies in the optimistic and positive concept of the world. By using the conventional biblical as well as non-biblical emblems (rivers, trees, flora, fauna and pleasant climate, natural resouces) the garden of Eden is presented as a lovely place (locus amoenus). In this carefully and efficiently organized space, full of beauty, Adam and Eve lead a harmonious life. Despite the fact they leave the paradise and face a radical change trading peaceful and carefree lives for hard and arduous work and pain, Doležal ́s narration does not lose its idyllic tone. He lists the consequences of their sin which separated the ancestors from God, however, he considers the "new world" to be better: God let the sin happen in order to show the "beauty" of infinite virtues. The sin brought about numberless benefits: new social and political structures, various occupations, the possibility of education and art, technological progress. While in the first part Doležal speaks of the world which the reader could never see, the depicted earthly world is to a great extent dependent on the space and time in which the author lived himself. Podoby idylického v Doležalovej Tragoedii Erika Brtáňová


In this paper, a new approach to pitch filtering in the synthesis stage of a Code-Excited Linear Prediction (CELP) coder is described. With this method, time scaling/shifting of the original speech is performed on a block by block basis in order to provide a better match between the pitch pulses in the original and reconstructed speech. This technique allows for a re duction of the pitch lag resolution, with the attendant bit rate reduction, of the CELP coder while maintain ing the same speech quality.


Volcanic ash is a natural substance produced from eruption. It is used as material for paving block functioning as a partial replacement of fine aggregate. The results are applied to develop the teaching materials on building materials science subject. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of volcanic ash on the compressive strength and permeability of paving blocks. This study applied an experimental method in laboratory by testing the samples. The samples used in this research are paving blocks with size of 6,5 x 10 x 20 cm with a total sample of 45 pieces. The variations are from 0%, 5%, 10%, 20% and 25% ash replacing fine aggregate. Each group sample contains 9 pieces. The calibration is applying the compressive strength and permeability testing. The replacement of volcanic ash as a partial replacement of fine aggregate in the manufacture of paving blocks indicates a positive impact. Optimal values achieved for compressive strength is 30,8 MPa of 10,4% variation replacement, whereas, the optimum permeability best value achieved is at variation of 16,6875% in the permeability of 8,416%. Keywords: paving block, volcanic ash, compressive strength and permeability


The ability of seed particles to penetrate and accurately track vortices is of critical importance to the analysis of laser velocimetry (LV) measurements within these flow structures. In applying a particle equation of motion to vortical flowfields which extend into the supersonic, compressible regime, two approaches are considered. First, an ideal, potential vortex is developed for a compressible flowfield. As an aid to the design and analysis of vortical flowfield surveys over a wide range of independent parameters, this model is used to plot the time and position at which any particle starting at rest within a vortex will begin to track the flow velocity within 3% error. As a specific application, the potential vortex is then used to estimate the dynamic bias of LV measurements taken within a vortex shed from a 75-deg delta wing at 20 deg angle of attack in a Mach 1.9 supersonic flow. The second approach uses a computationally derived Navier-Stokes flowfield solution in place of the potential vortex model. The computational flowfield method predicts that accurate LV measurements within the delta wing flowfield require seed particles no larger than 0.1-0.2 /tm in diameter, and defines the unseeded inner vortex core region. Both approaches show an increase in velocity bias which is nearly proportional to particle diameter, stressing the need for a monodisperse seed of known size to resolve particle bias in complex flows.


This paper describes the numerical study for the development of a double scroll(DS) turbine stage combined with a variable geometry system (VGS). Our conventional VGS turbine stage is composed of a mono-scroll housing, variable nozzles and a turbine wheel. A potential to improve engine performance by applying a DS with VGS turbine stage (DS-VGS) was shown by the study. In addition, a DS-VGS has some advantage in the layout for V type engine. Therefore, this study has focused on clarifying the characteristics of aerodynamic performance of a DS-VGS, since the understanding of these fundamental characteristics is important for product development. The differences of performance between a mono-scroll with VGS and a DS with VGS were evaluated as the starting point. In the development for a vaneless DS turbine so far, it has been clarified that the distance from tongue to turbine wheel is one of the important parameters for performance. Therefore, numerical simulations were performed with different tongue-to-nozzle distances. Further, from reliability point of view, the influences of a DS on nozzle moments and aerodynamic forces on nozzle have been examined. The interesting characteristics of a DS-VGS compared to a mono-scroll with VGS are shown.


We present a brief review of optimal stopping and dynamic programming using minimal technical tools and focusing on the essentials.

Keywords:

optimal stopping;
dynamic programming;
Markov process;
martingale;
Wald–Bellman equations;
free-boundary problem;
principle of smooth fit;
principle of continuous fit


Objective To explore the neuroprotective effects of recombinant rAAV-AsiNOS transfection in vitroon spinal cord ischemia.Methods The spinal cord ischemic injury animal model was established by occlusion of the abdominal aorta.The spinal cord ischemic animal models were estimated by desending neurogenic motor evoked potentials,the ultrastructure of spinal cord after ischemic injury was observed under the light microscopy.The mRNA expression levels of iNOS,p38MAPK and Caspase-3 were semi-quantitatively detected and compared by using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in G24,G48,G72,G120 groups and RG24,RG48,RG72 and RG120 groups.Results The amplitude pathological section of recombinant rAAV-AsiNOS transfection groups were gradually improvement,RT-PCR showed that there is significant difference between the rAAV-AsiNOS transfection groups and the ischemic groups for the expression of mRNA of iNOS,p38MAPK and Caspase-3.The relative values of three genes both 24 h in ischemic group (G24) and 24 h in ischemia group with viruses (RG24) were 0.45 and 0.25,0.56 and 0.27,0.50 and 0.24;and the relative values of both G120 and RG120 were 0.53 and 0.33,0.64 and 0.25,0.54 and 0.25.The expression of three genes in recombinant viral vectors group is significantly lower than those in the ischemic groups with the same time,and the difference was significant (P<0.05 ).Conclusion The recombinant rAAV-AsiNOS transfection in vitro spinal cord ischemia can reduce the expression of mRNA of iNOS,p38MAPK and Caspase-3.

Key words:
Spinal cord ischemia;  iNOS;  AAV


The progress in HIV-1 protease inhibitor prodrugs was reviewed. The HIV-1 protease inhibitor prodrugs are a kind of precursors derived from structure-modified HIV-1 protease inhibitors by introducing lipophilic or hydrophilic groups, especially including anti-HIV double-drugs—conjugates of HIV-1 protease inhibitors with a reverse transcriptase inhibitor through spontaneously cleavable linkers. These prodrugs can release the parent drug in vivo to improve anti-HIV-1 activity and bioavailability and to reduce the resistance and the cross resistance.


We have previously proposed a simple empirical equation to reproduce the literature values of the ionization energies of one-electron to four-electron atomic ions with very good agreement. However, we used a potential energy approach in our equation, which has no theoretical basis. This paper discusses an alternative kinetic energy expression for one to five electrons with simple corrections for relativistic and Lamb shift effects and for two- to-five electron ions additional effects including electron relaxation and residual interactions. For calculated values of one-electron (hydrogen-like) and two electron (helium like) atomic ions, the difference with the literature values is typically 0.001% or less. Agreement with the literature values for three-, four-, and five-electron ions is 99% or better. First electron affinities calculated by our expression also agree fairly well with generally recommended values. These results show that there is strong evidence that our methodology can be developed to reliably predict, with fairly good accuracy, ionization energies of multielectron atomic ions that have not been measured.


The article discusses the trends underlying the increasing importance of knowledge management for businesses and public sector today. The elucidation of the meaning of KM, components of the knowledge process and comprehensive knowledge programs, is accorded sufficient handling for the benefit of the initiated and novice alike. Drivers of KM ranging from external, internal and to those bearing ongoing characterizes, are also discussed along with factors inducing organizations, private and public, profit oriented and not for profit, to develop KM programs are exhaustively tackled too. The centerpiece of the article being an exploration of the implementation of KM in education, regional government, and in harnessing indigenous knowledge to achieve sustainable development, the article accords sufficient treatment to the use of KM principles as well as implementing KM programs by educational centers of excellence (we prefer to call them knowledge centers), regional and central governments in improving product and service quality and variety, thereby making such institutions identify what it is they can do best, determine such as core businesses, excel in that thereby developing unique difficult to emulate capabilities. However, we do not forget to inform the reader/audience of the formidable challenges ahead, which is why challenges KM program encounter are presented. Challenges are by no means bogeys to committed quality performers, hence should serve as pointers of the right direction and thrust , an effective and sustainable KM Program should take and contain.


To study the role of and do the comparative evaluation of the levels of C-Reactive Protein and Total Leucocyte Count in patients of conventional laparoscopic cholecystectomy and Single incision laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Method: The present prospective study included ultrasonographically proved 50 patients of symptomatic cholelithiasis and were posted for elective cholecystectomy. These patients were admitted in Surgical Wards of Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla .SILC were performed on 25 (50% of patients) and cLC were conducted in rest of 25 (50%) patients. The patients were selected randomly. Relevant history, clinical examination and investigations were recorded. The consent of all these patients was taken. All the patients were subjected to same general anesthesia, antibiotics, perioperative analgesics and intravenous fluids. SILC was done by infra umblical incision and cLC was done by three /four Trocar Technique. Results: The age of patients included in the study ranged from 15 years to58 years with mean age of 39.45 years. The mean age was 30.80 years in the single incision laparoscopic cholecystectomy and 35.40 years in conventional laparoscopic cholecystectomy group respectively, which is statistically insignificant(p-value =0.095).In the present study 86% of the total patients were females, 14% were males. The BMI ranged from 18-30 Kg/m with mean BMI of 21.44 Kg/m . CRP on second post operative day of these patients ranged from 6.2 mg% to 120 mg%. In the SILC group, CRP mean was 61.98± 37.06 mg% in the cLC group, CRP mean was 65.08 ± 39.6 mg%. The p-value for CRP at second post operative day between SILC and cLC group was 0.781. The p-value for TLC on second post operative day between SILC and cLC was 0.29. Conclusions: Single incision laparoscopic cholecystectomy appears to be as safe, effective and feasible technique and good alternative to conventional laparoscopic cholecystectomy with potential advantages of cosmesis. The cost associated with single incision laparoscopic cholecystectomy and conventional laparoscopic cholecystectomy procedures appear similar. Ultimately, the decision as to whether to perform single incision laparoscopic cholecystectomy or conventional laparoscopic cholecystectomy will be depended on the preferences of individual surgeons and patients.


The seniors are a growing group in our society. Furthermore, the future generation of seniors is generally more prosperous, more vital and active. Presumably they will be moving more often and longer than previous generations. With increasing age, however, the number of trips and the distance traveled drops sharply. How can anticipate to that changing travel behavior in our society?


Abstract Blending the genres of creative nonfiction and personal essay, the author explores the movement of longing as it emerged in the intersubjective space of one psychoanalysis.


The following problem arises in many applications involving classiication, identiication, and inference. There is a set of objects X, and a particular x 2 X is chosen (unknown to us). Based on information obtained about x in a sequential manner, we wish to decide whether x belongs to one class of objects A 0 or diierent class of objects A 1. We study a general paradigm applicable to a broad range of problems of this type, which we refer to as problems of class identiication or discernibility. We consider various types of information sequences, and various success criteria including discernibility in the limit, discernibility with a stopping criterion, uniform discernibility, and discernibility in Cesaro sense. We consider decision rules both with and without memory. Necessary and suucient conditions for discernibility are provided for each case in terms of separability conditions on the sets A 0 and A 1. We then show that for any sets A 0 and A 1 , various types of separability can be achieved by allowing failure on appropriate sets of small measure. Applications to problems in language identiication, system identiication, and discrete geometry are discussed.


This book deals with the topic of traditional ecological knowledge specifically in the context of natural resource management. An issue of today is how humans can develop a more acceptable relationship with the environment that supports them. Growing interest in traditional ecological knowledge is perhaps indicative of two things: the need for ecological insights from indigenous practices of resource use; and the need to develop a new ecological ethic in part by learning from the wisdom of traditional knowledge holders. This book explores both of these ideas together by treating traditional ecological knowledge as a knowledge-practice-belief complex. This complex looks at traditional knowledge at four interrelated levels: local knowledge (species specific); the resource management system; social institutions; and worldview (religion, ethics, and defined belief systems). Divided into three parts that deal with concepts, practices and issues, respectively, the book examines many traditional knowledge systems. It discusses the usefulness of traditional ecological knowledge in terms of providing an understanding, not merely information, which is complementary to scientific ecology. At the same time, the book explores a diversity of relationships that different groups have developed with their environment, using extensive case studies.


ABSTRACT: For the measurement of the internal series resistance (which desribes internal losses and losses due to bad contacts as well) two IV-curves of different irradiance but of the same spectrum and at the same temperature are necessary according to IEC 60891. For single cells and single modules the second IV-curve can be obtained by covering the cell or module with an insect-screen. For large PV-generators (several kW) this method could not be applied. A new method will be presented which allows to determinate the internal series resistance out of only one IV-curve under illumination. With a new method for the simulation of the second IV-curve, using the effective solar cell equation-method, now it is possible to obtain the internal series resistance out of only one IV-curve measured under illumination. The method will be presented as well as some experimental results to show the accuracy of the method.


At the prerequisite of unwanted wider hull,a new type of light piling frame gear and"guide screw luffing pile driving frame"are developed with tipping/tugging system,which will raise the comprehensive technical performance of the pile barge in a high degree,making the proportion between the height of pile driving frame"H"and the width of the ship"B"(H/B) 3.43;with 3.3 brokon through;And the height is only 13.5 m over water while the frame tipping.These indexes are the best ones among the pile barges in our country,which bring out the full technical potential for pile barge and give a new thought for improving an old ship into a new one.