Summary 1. The hyperglycemic effect of epinephrine in rabbits can be prolonged and increased by the admixture of Zn++ (in the form of ZnCl2). 2. The prolonging effect of Zn++ depends on the concentration of the injected solution and the site of the injection. 3. Optimal results were obtained when the Zn++ concentration of the injected solution was 1.2% and the injections were made in the subcutis of the gluteal region.


rate of shear is always important issue to proceed in terms of analysis of geotechnical matters. Shear rate in the laboratory can be well controlled by using appropriate procedure. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of shear rate on the shear stress of sand at failure. Keywords— Shear rate, Cement, Sand


Representatives from Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Panama met August 19-20 in Honduras to discuss promoting and strengthening the participation of the private medical sector in immunization and surveillance programs for vaccine-preventable diseases. Participants met to analyze countries' experiences in incorporating the private medical sector into immunization and surveillance activities for vaccine-preventable diseases; to review regional and global goals for vaccine-preventable diseases, cold chain requirements, and issues related to introducing new vaccines into routine immunization schedules; and to sign agreements to facilitate the incorporation of the private medical sector into immunization and surveillance activities in the region. Country experiences are outlined. The Ministries of Health and the Societies/Associations of Pediatrics established specific objectives designed to develop and/or strengthen private medical sector participation in immunization. Agreements reached on epidemiological surveillance, a basic vaccination schedule, quality vaccines, the cold chain, national committees on immunization practices, annual work plans, technical cooperation, monitoring, and information, education, and promotion are described.


Ethylene oxide gas (EO) is shown to affect Bacillus subtilis spore outgrowth kinetics without detectably affecting germination kinetics. Outgrowth of EOtreated spores is delayed up to 18 hr. The delay is not the result of an alteration in the exponential growth rate of the resulting vegetative cell population. Post-process B. subtilis biological indicators (BI's) utilizing paper carriers, retain detectable residual EO levels for at least 48 hr. The data indicate that these levels are absorbed to the spores. Consequently. small EO residual levels potentially have significant biological consequences. As a result of the evidence of EO spore injury and retained EO residual levels, it is important that EO, BI recovery systems must be designed with meticulous care. Specific considerations for the design of a BI recovery system are outlined.


Abstract Older adults differ in their responses to distress, and those who tend to ruminate report poor health. We sought to examine whether trait empathy, the tendency to share and understand others' distress, underlies rumination, and whether this association varies by emotion regulation. Participants included 289 adults aged 65+ in the Daily Experiences and Well-being Study. They reported demographics, empathy, general preferences for emotion regulation strategies, and affect throughout the day as well as daily rumination. Empathy was associated with greater rumination, which was particularly evident in older adults who preferred avoidant strategies. We also found that the link between empathy and rumination was attenuated on days when older adults had lower negative affect variability. This study identifies empathy as a key factor that underlies individual differences in rumination, a key precursor of psychopathologies, and also suggests emotion regulation as a promising target of interventions that can promote older adults' health.


The accumulation of a large number of cloudlets into a few condensations is investigated, principally by means of a computer simulation of the process. It is concluded that it is possible to form near coplanar systems but that many collisions are required to bring about this state. (auth)


For a long span of time,the 135MW boiler units of LuoDing Power Station in GuangDong province has been under low operating efficiency.The combustion thermal loss is also considerable.Through the optimization of water-wall radiation characteristic and the improvement of combusting conditions,the combustion process is promoted to meet the needs of actual coal combustion and peak regulation,thus improving the thermal efficiency.Consequently,the technique of water-wall optimization could mean great importance to the energy conservation in electric power and industrial boilers.


Six ponds (20 ́50 m) were stocked by 1000 of Nile tilapia fingerlings for each pond. The six ponds assigned into two groups, each group composed of three ponds, the first pond stocked with the first stocking rate (SR1) of silver carp (100 fish/pond), the second pond stocked with the second stocking rate (SR2) of silver carp (200 fish/feddan) and the third pond of each group stocked with the third stocking rate (SR3) of silver carp (300 fish/pond). The three ponds of the first group had the first feeding treatment (fertilization with 50 kg poultry litter every week for each pond) and the three ponds of the second group had the second feeding treatment (fish feed containing 30% crude protein). Results obtained can be summarize as follows: Means of body weights of Nile tilapia from the 4 week up to the 14 week of the experiment, fed the supplementary feed (containing 30% crude protein) were significantly higher than the same specie fed natural food enhanced by poultry litter as organic fertilization. Body weights of silver carp showed the opposite results. Body weight of Nile tilapia increased with increasing silver carp stocking rate. Increasing silver carp stocking rate was followed by decrease in body weight of silver carp. Using supplementary feed increased body length and body depth of Nile tilapia more than the other feeding treatment. The opposite trend was obtained with silver carp. Condition factors for Nile tilapia and silver carp were paralleled with previous fish growth results. The effect of stocking rate on condition factor of Nile tilapia and silver carp are different within the whole period of the experiment. The values of SGR of Nile tilapia from the first week up to 14 week of the experiment and within biweekly intervals, show that, using supplementary feed gave higher values than using poultry litter in most intervals. The opposite results was obtained with respect to silver carp. The increasing stocking rate, SGR of Nile tilapia increased, while SGR of silver carp decreased. The best SGR values for tilapia, due to the interaction between feeding treatment and stocking rate, were recorded with fish during the first four weeks as the rates ranged between 3.76-4.57 while in the rest weeks the rates ranged between 0.962.86. The best SGR values for silver carp were recorded with fish during the first eight weeks (0.37-1.83) while in the rest weeks the rates ranged between 0.38-1.13. The total yield for Nile tilapia and silver carp at harvesting, after 14 weeks increased with each increase in stocking rate. In general the largest fish production (270 kg) for tilapia and silver carp was recorded from the pond had the supplementary feed and the third stocking rate (SR3), and the lowest fish yield (180 kg) obtained from the pond fertilized with poultry litter and had the first stocking rate (SR1). EFFECT OF ORGANIC FERTILIZATION 1776 INTRODUCTION Polyculture, between tilapia and other aquatic species, is an established option when natural food from different pond niches are independently exploited by fish, when there is a market for all species in culture and when their combination provides an economic benefit which is high enough to cover extra labour expenses required to grade and sort fish at sampling and harvesting. The aim of this experiment was to find the optimal stocking rate of silver carp can be stocked with Nile tilapia under the polyculture system of aquaculture, using two types of feeding, natural food which enhanced by organic fertilization (poultry litter) and supplementary feeds (artificial feed). MATERIALS AND METHODS The present experiment was conducted during the period between 15 may and 1 September 1995 (14 weeks) in six fresh water earthen ponds each of a total area of 0.25 feddan at the Central Laboratory for Aquaculture Research at Abbassa village, Sharkia Governorate, Egypt. Fish used The fish used in this experiment included Nile tilapia(Oreochromis niloticus) which is an efficient converter of p****hytoplankton but can utilize a wide variety of foods. Ponds were stocked also with silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) which feeds primary on phytoplankton. Tilapia fingerlings were obtained from Abbassa hatchery, the average weight of fingerlings was 11.3 gm. Silver carp were obtained from the production ponds in Abbassa farm and where their average body weight of silver carp was 164 gm. Experimental ponds and stocking rate Six experimental earthen ponds (1000 m , 20 ́50 m) and 130 cm depth are supplied with fresh water from Ismaellia canal. The six ponds were stocked by 1000 of Nile tilapia fingerlings for each pond. Then the six ponds assigned into two groups, each group composed of three ponds, the first stocked with the first stocking rate (SR1) of silver carp (100 fish/pond), the second pond stocked with the second stocking rate (SR2) of silver carp (200 fish/pond) and the third pond of each group stocked with the third stocking rate (SR3) of silver carp (300 fish/pond).The three ponds of the first treatment group had the first feeding treatment (fertilization with poultry litter) and the three ponds of the second treatment group received supplementary feed as described in table (1). IBRAHIM, et al. 1777 Table (1): Stocking density of Nile tilapia and silver carp under the two feeding treatments. Treatment Stocking density pond No. stocking density per pond stocking density per feddan Fertilization with SR1 1 1000 tilapia+100 silver carp 4000 tilapia+400 silver carp Poultry litter SR2 2 1000 tilapia+200 silver carp 4000 tilapia+800 silver carp (T1) SR3 3 1000 tilapia+300 silver carp 4000 tilapia+1200 silver carp Supplementary SR1 4 1000 tilapia+100 silver carp 4000 tilapia+400 silver carp Feed (3% of body SR2 5 1000 tilapia+200 silver carp 4000 tilapia+800 silver carp Weight) T2 SR3 6 1000 tilapia+300 silver carp 4000 tilapia+1200 silver carp The three ponds in the first treatment were fertilized with 50 kg poultry litter every week for each pond throughout the experimental period to stimulate the natural foods. The fish in the three ponds of the second treatment were fed fish using feed containing 30% crude protein. Feed was offered six days per week (except Friday) during the experimental period. The feeding rate was 3% of the total fish mass presented in each pond and the feed amount was adjusted biweekly for each pond separately according to the biomass. Chemical analysis of poultry litter and fish feed are presented in table (2). Table (2): Chemical analysis of poultry litter and supplementary feed. No. of Poultry litter Supplementary feed Item Samples Mean±SE Mean±SE Moisture% 5 4.23±0.35 9.46±0.35 Crude protein% 5 10.50±0.26 29.77±0.26 Crude fat% 5 1.01±0.08 2.60±0.08 Crude fibre% 5 30.02±0.98 5.40±0.98 Ash% 5 19.15±0.34 9.10±0.34 Fish samples and measurements Random samples (50 fish from tilapia and 30 fish from silver carp from each pond) were taken biweekly during the experimental period. During this experiment, body measurements (body weight, (in gm) body length and body depth in cm) were recorded 8 times on at biweekly interval throughout the whole experiment period. The first one recorded at the time of pond stocking with fish and the last one at harvesting. EFFECT OF ORGANIC FERTILIZATION 1778 Condition factor was determined by using the following formula: K= [ weight (g) / length (cm)] ́100 specific growth rate was calculated according to Jauncey and Rose (1982). Harvesting At the end of the experiment (1 September, 1995), ponds were gradually drained from the water and fish were harvested by seining and transferred to fiberglass tanks and carried to the processing centre where they washed, and the fish of the two species (tilapia and scarp) were sorted and collectively weighed. Statistical analysis The statistical analysis of data of the experiments was carried out by applying the computer program Harvey (1990) by adopting the following fixed model: Yijk = m + Ti + Sj + (TS)ij + eijk where: Yijk = observation of the ijk-th fish; m = overall mean; Ti = fixed effect of the i-th treatment; Sj = fixed effect of the j-th stocking density within the i-th treatment. TS)ij = interaction between the effect of i-th treatment and j-th stocking density and eijk = a random error. Differences among means were tested for significance according to Duncan's multiple range test (1955). RESULTS AND DISCUSION


Censuses of Australian Pelican Pelecanus conspicillatus were conducted by boat on successive trips in Pumicestone Passage (transect length = 68.6 km) and southern Moreton Bay (74.1 km) in south-east Queensland from 1997 to 2001. Means of 0.82 (SE=0.31, n = 7) and 0.70 (SE=0.09, n = 24) birds per km and peak numbers of 2.61 and 1.55 birds per km were recorded in Pumicestone Passage and southern Moreton Bay, respectively. In winter (May-Sept.) pelicans were abundant but they declined in spring/summer (Oct.-Dec.). Their seasonal abundance correlated positively with the tonnage of fish netted commercially in Moreton Bay (r = 0.646 with bream, r = 0.588 with all fish) and at localities surveyed both pelicans and recreational fishers favoured the same reaches.


• Party mergers are a new development in Myanmar politics. Given that such mergers often assist the consolidation of new democratic regimes, some broader system-wide effects may also occur. Myanmar's ethnic parties consistently choose merger strategies over other forms of pre-electoral coalition. This highlights a transition from a focus on questions of authoritarianism and democracy to one on the creation of a federal system of government with a stronger cleavage between competing Bamar and ethnic nationalisms. • Despite cooperation among political parties outside the electoral process, pre-electoral coalitions such as constituency-sharing or campaigning for allies have generally not been successful. Five of the six mergers among ethnic parties attempted prior to the 2015 general election failed. However, between 2017 and 2019, five mergers involving parties representing the Chin, Kachin, Kayah, Kayin or Karen, and Mon ethnicities, achieved success. • The successful mergers were motivated not only by desires for electoral success in 2020 but also by shared federal aims, which involve ethnic parties in Chin, Kachin, Kayah, Kayin or Karen, and Mon states forming a strong local party in their respective regions to strive for ethnic equality and self-determination. • The mergers are between parties with markedly different platforms and their success is conditioned by their preferences for particular kinds of federalism. Mergers cannot guarantee electoral success. And other pre-electoral coalitions, such as avoiding competition for the same constituencies, also proved successful in the 2018 byelections. But what mergers can uniquely do is respond to public


Background. The incidence of dementia is growing due to the aging of the population. Active search for the population at risk is necessary. Short cognitive screening tests are one of the most suitable ways of doing that. The most often used test of this kind is Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE). Its distinctive features are simplicity and shortness. Kratek preizkus spoznavnih sposobnosti (KPSS) – Slovenian version of MMSE has been used in Slovenia since 1984, although there were no normative values for Slovenian population, which restricted its applicability and use in clinical practice. The aim of the present paper was to obtain the normative values for KPSS for different age and educational groups in population of adults older than 55 years. Our hypothesis was that test results would be significantly dependent on age and education which will justify the extensive nature of the study. Methods. Some parts of the test were modified based on clinical experience in last years. The modified KPSS was used for testing at general practices in Ljubljana, Maribor and Novo mesto. The research comprised of KPSS testing in 154 volunteers, mean age 65.1 (ranged from 55 to 87 years). None of them had a diagnosis of dementia or other active psychiatric or neurologic ilness. Results. We found that KPSS results are not influenced by gender. The volunteers were aranged in four age groups at five years intervals. Statistically significant differences (p < 0.0002) for the mean results among different age groups were found. The volunteers were further divided in groups according to the level of education and the differences in mean results among the educational groups were statistically significant (p < 0.0000). Normative values for the age and education groups were obtained. Conclusions. The main result of our study are KPSS normative values for different age and education groups of Slovenians. The mean results on KPSS are significantlly dependent on age and education. The differences in mean results among the groups clearly show the normative values should be considered when interpreting the results in clinical practice.


ABSTRACT Recent literature concerning the use of polymer and ceramic coatings for a variety of biomedical applications is surveyed in this review. Applications have been grouped into six broad categories: orthopaedic materials, cardiovascular stents, antibacterial surfaces, drug delivery, tissue engineering and biosensors. Polymer and ceramic coatings add enhanced corrosion protection, antiwear, antibacterial and biocompatibility properties to various substrates for biomedical applications. Processes favoured for polymer coating formation included dip, electrodeposition, spin (including electrospin) and spray (including electrospray and ultrasonic spray). Ceramic coatings were formed using magnetron sputtering and a combination of 3-D printing and in-situ mineralisation, among others. The review period is from 2017 to the present (mid-2021).


A minuscule representation is a particular type of highest weight representation. Highest weight representations play a key role in the representation theory of several classes of algebraic objects occurring in Lie theory, including Lie algebras, Lie groups, algebraic groups, Chevalley groups, and quantized enveloping algebras. A highest weight representation is calledminuscule if the associated Weyl group acts transitively on the weights. The highest weight of a minuscule representation is known as a minuscule weight, which is a translation of Bourbaki's term poids minuscule [1, VIII, §7.3]. The French word "minuscule" can mean "lower case" instead of "tiny". Although minuscule representations can have large dimensions, their structure is in some sense more basic than that of representations in general, so they can be thought of as "lower case representations". For our purposes, we will regard minuscule representations as representations of finite-dimensional simple Lie algebras over the complex numbers. The representation theory of these algebras is described in detail in the books by Erdmann and Wildon [3], Carter [2], and Kac [5]. The aim of this article is to explain how minuscule representations can be used to construct almost all of these simple Lie algebras, by using combinatorial methods and with relatively little theory. The framework we discuss here is described in the ADE case in Wildberger's paper [7], but that paper does not include all the proofs. For a detailed development of the ideas in this article, including proofs and comprehensive references, the reader is referred to the author's book [4].


The Family and Community Historical Research Society (FACHRS) emerged as a component of a local history establishment that reached its most developed form through the closing decades of the twentie...


Starting in the early 50's, Kreisel argued that proof-theoretic methods that had been developed in the course of Hilbert's consistency program could be used for concrete mathematical goals different and independent from their original foundational motivation. Kreisel's writings on this topic, in particular in connection with his concept of 'unwinding of proofs', span over a period of 60 years and contain numerous important insights and suggestions on how such a reorientation of traditional proof theory from foundational aims to applications in core mathematics could be achieved. In this paper, we revisit some of Kreisel's main themes from the perspective of the current 'proof mining' program which has been pursued e.g. by the present author and many collaborators as a modern and more systematic version of Kreisel's original 'unwinding' program and which has the area of nonlinear analysis as its prominent field for applications (see [57] for a recent survey). As we will see, the importance of Kreisel's insights for the development of the proof mining paradigm can hardly be overstated.


On Wednesday 8 October, outgoing Enlargement Commissioner Stefan Fule announced the Commission's annual reports on the progress achieved by EU candidate and potential candidate countries. Our experts give an overview of the reports' main takeaways for each country.


Allergic rhinitis incidence in the first years of life is an early indication of an atopic predisposition that may be triggered by early environmental exposures.


Although robot‐assisted nephroureterectomy (RANU) has been increasingly used worldwide, the history of RANU remains short, and the optimal surgical method for performing RANU has yet to be established. Here we introduce the ideal approach for RANU using the Vessel Sealer Extend (VSE).


In my discussion, I would like to comment on our early reactions
to Hawkes' enlightening paper on the self-exciting model; further, I would
like to comment on developments of the extended models with some applications.


This paper stands up as an argument for a broadening of the methods used in the science teaching process. The main goal of the authors is to point out ways of achieving learning excellence by usage of modern educational means. This bold aim can be reached by resorting to concept maps within the teaching and evaluation processes. We focus upon the advantages of this method taking as an example a Harmonic Oscillation Motion concept map.


A simple yet robust strategy was reported to markedly boost the performance of ZABs via capitalizing on the photothermal effect.


Simple Summary Hepatitis C virus (HCV) eradication by direct-acting antiviral agents (DAAs) reduces de novo hepatocellular carcinoma incidence in cirrhosis; however, contrasting evidence on higher incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was reported in patients previously treated for HCC. Here, we showed that sofosbuvir and daclatasvir can modulate cell proliferation, invasion capability and gene expression in HCC-derived cell lines, suggesting that off-target effects of these drugs might be responsible for both the increase and reduction of cell proliferation and migration capability. Off-target gene modulation, mainly affecting mitochondrial functions, ribosomal genes and histones, was consistent with matched phenotypic changes and might account either for pro-oncogenic or tumor-suppressive functions of DAAs, that seemed to be dictated by the molecular background. Abstract Background and Aims: HCV eradication by direct-acting antiviral agents (DAAs) reduces de novo hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) incidence in cirrhosis; however, contrasting evidence about beneficial or detrimental effects still exists in patients who have already developed HCC. Methods: we investigated whether sofosbuvir and daclatasvir modulate cell proliferation, invasion capability and gene expression (RNA-seq) in HCC-derived cell lines, hypothesizing possible off-target effects of these drugs. Results observed in HCC cell lines were validated in non-HCC cancer-derived cell lines and a preliminary series of human HCC tissues by qPCR and IHC. Results: DAAs can affect HCC cell proliferation and migration capability by either increasing or reducing them, showing transcriptomic changes consistent with some unexpected drug-associated effects. Off-target gene modulation, mainly affecting ribosomal genes, mitochondrial functions and histones, points to epigenetics and proliferation as relevant events, consistent with matched phenotypic changes. A preliminary validation of in vitro findings was performed in a restricted cohort of HCC patients previously treated with DAAs, with immunohistochemical correlations suggesting DAA-treated HCCs to be more aggressive in terms of migration and epidermal-to-mesenchymal transition. Conclusions: Our findings suggested the possible occurrence of off-target effects ultimately modulating cell proliferation and/or migration and potentially justified previous findings showing some instances of particularly aggressive HCC recurrence as well as reduced incidence of recurrence of HCC following treatment with DAAs.


The X-Ray Computed Microtomography workstation at beamline X27A at the NSLS has been utilized by scientists from a broad range of disciplines from industrial materials processing to environmental science. The most recent applications are presented here as well as a description of the facility that has evolved to accommodate a wide variety of materials and sample sizes. One of the most exciting new developments reported here resulted from a pursuit of faster reconstruction techniques. A Fast Filtered Back Transform (FFBT) reconstruction program has been developed and implemented, that is based on a refinement of the ''gridding'' algorithm first developed for use with radio astronomical data. This program has reduced the reconstruction time to 8.5 sec for a 929 x 929 pixel{sup 2} slice on an R10,000 CPU, more than 8x reduction compared with the Filtered Back-Projection method.


Conceptual understanding and scientific literacy of science are important part for students. Through a good understanding of scientific concepts and literacy, it is easier for students to learn new material and solve the problems they face. The purpose of this research is to improve students' learning Literacy through E-teaching materials with the context of Social-Scientific Issue (SSI). The research method used is Classroom Action Research with the Kemmis and Mc Taggart action research model. The research was conducted at SMA N 3 Padang in March 2023. The research subjects were students of class X E 3 in the 2022/2023 academic year with a total of 35 students. Data collection techniques in this study were observation and tests. Data analysis techniques in quantitative and qualitative descriptive research. The results of classroom action research were carried out in 2 cycles with the stages of planning, implementing, observing and reflecting. The use of the e-learning material in the context of Social-Scientific Issue (SSI) can improve students' ability to understand concepts and scientific literacy skills on Renewable Energy material. Therefore, e-teaching material can be used by physics teachers to improve the students' conceptual understanding and scientific literacy.


Recently, the lattice image of well ordered carbons can be observed pretty easily by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). In this study, the cross section of the new type carbon nanofiber, of which the special structure was unknown, was observed by HRTEM and the detailed structure was analyzed by image processing. Defects were observed in the ordered structure of this material, that is, the (00·1) lattice planes show large fluctuation in alignment of them and the (10·0) lattice planes make several angles with the (00·1) lattice planes. The average repeat distance d 002 was estimated by HRTEM image and image analysis.


Received Mar 7, 2021 Revised Jun 14, 2021 Accepted Jun 22, 2021 The local water supply corporation in Indonesia only uses analog water meter so that the monitoring of water usage information was conducted by officers manually. Officers must physically monitor the value in the customer's water meter that can lead to unreliable reading and ineffectiveness of process. Smart meter is one of the smart city metrics which could overcome this problem. This research uses the flow sensor to design and incorporate automated water meters. The measured value is then passed via the 433 MHz LoRa, a lowpower wide-area network protocol, to the local hub, then forwarded to the server via the internet based cellular network. Results show that our proposed system's accuracy hit 97.31% at an ideal distance of 200 meters from customer to the local hub. The customer's water usage could be tracked in real time with our proposed system. Furthermore, the original water meter need not to be replaced which may minimize capital costs for this system.


This paper has been written to provide a general overview on construction techniques in Anatolia which were developed to resist earthquakes, which are common occurrences in their geographical location. The aim of this progressive approach to the use of traditional materials, aesthetics and structural perfection of the structures in this cradle of different civilisations, is to advance alternatives for producing earthquake-resistant dwellings which will last for many generations. 168 Structural Analysis of Historical Constructions Figure 1: The world's earthquake plates and their movement directions (Celep, Kumbasar, 2004) Figure 2 : The motion of fault lines and effective earthquake fields in Turkey (Ercan, 2001) The movement of Arabian Plate causes the majority of earthquakes in Anatolia. The Northern and Eastern Anatolian fault lines were formed as a result of the motion of Eurasian plate against the Arabian plate. The Aegean Subsidence Zone was formed due to the tendency of the African plate to plunge under the Eurasian plate, see Fig. 2, (Ercan, 2001). The Northern Anatolian fault line which is the reason why %92 of the area of Turkey is an earthquake zone (http://www.deprem.gov.tr/deprem.htm), is split into three parts, i.e., the Northern, Middle and Southern. The Northern part forms a movement field that stretches from Anatolia to the Sea of Marmara (Çamlıbel, 1990) and from there to Greece and Italy (Celep, Kumbasar, 2004). Destructive earthquakes recorded after AD 32 (Ambraseys and Finkel, 1991), the latest one in Bingöl, Karlıova show how the region is at great risk for earthquakes. 3 EFFECTS OF EARTHQUAKES ON STRUCTURES Earthquake effects occur due to lateral forces on the building because of the weight of the structure. These forces aren't external forces but inertial forces resulting from the building's resistance to earthquake vibrations; see Fig. 3, (Ünay, 2002). In spite of the heavy and inflexible nature of masonry and because wood is a light and ductile material, a building made of wood alone or of both wood and masonry, provides great structural integrity against earthquakes. On the contrary: "Large response of soft ground; lack of integrity of substructures; asymmetry of the structural form; insufficient strength of chimneys; inadequate structural connections; use of heavy roofs without appropriate strength of supporting frame; deterioration of timber strength through decay or pest attack; inadequate resistance to post earthquake fires (Dowrick, 1987); and the negative affect of fire wall loads in the structure (Dışkaya, 2004) can be listed as reasons for the inadequacy of buildings against earthquake. In Fig. 3 the momentum effect of the earthquake forces on a structure can be seen. This effect affiliated with inadequate structural connections is seen in the photograph taken after the 1912 Mürefte Earthquake, see Fig. 4 (Cogito, 1999). Figure 3 : Circular behaviour of timber structures during earthquake (ATC/SEAOC) Figure 4 : A damaged traditional timber frame house, in the Mürefte earthquake in 1912 (Cogito, 1999)


An overview of diffusion studies in the Hg1−xCdxTe system is presented which includes experimental studies of component self‐diffusion and interdiffusion, a theory of the relationship between self‐diffusion and interdiffusion coefficients for pseudobinary systems, and proposed diffusion mechanisms. The diffusion mechanisms are proposed for self‐diffusion in x=0.2 material. The mechanism for interdiffusion behavior and the relationship between self‐diffusion and interdiffusion coefficients are used to extrapolate experimental information to lower temperatures and to predict the stability of junctions and superlattices.


Xiao Hong expressed her feminism awareness in "Biography of Hulang River" not only by concerning women suffering but also with narrative style and manner.Her narration,full of metaphor,irony,and repeating tone,conveys her emotion orientation with obvious feminism sense.


One-hundred and thirty-seven hospitalized schizophrenic patients received amitriptyline-perphenazine for periods seldom exceeding 90 days with a remission rate of about 86%. A possible rationale for the treatment is offered.


This paper studied phosphorous removal effect of domestic wastewater with low phosphorous concentration in the range of 10—15mg.l-1. The experiment was carried out by introducing a mineral byproduct tobermorite as a crystal seed. By this way, the phosphorous can be removed by depositing on the surface of crystal seed in the form of insoluble phosphate crystal. The appropriate dosages of tobermorite and calcium fluoride were determined in the experiment. They were 6g.l-1 and 3.5—4.2g.l-1 respectively, and the reaction time was 4 hours. Under this condition, below 0.5mg.l-1 TP concentration of effluent and more than 96.6% removal rate could be reached.The pH value of the effluent was stable in the range of 8—8.6.


The masking background of the image produced by a sea bottom targets detection sonar, which is mainly composed of bottom reverberation, has been modeled after linear reception by a non-stationary Weibull distribution, the parameters of which depend on grazing angle and sea bottom type. Detection curves of a steady target are then presented for various shape parameters p of the Weibull interference ( 1 \leq p \leq 3 ) and various probabilities of false alarm. For a same (P D , P FA ), these curves show that for p 2, a Lower signal-to-interference ratio is sufficient.


This study aims to describe the effect of transformational leadership, work motivation, and job satisfaction on employee performance at PT. Mega Bintang Mas Indonesia Medan. The population in this study is 72 (seventy two) and the sample is 72 using census technique. Research respondents are employees at PT. Mega Bintang Mas Indonesia Medan, which are 72 (seventy two) employees. The data research instruments used are questionnaires and documentation. The data analysis technique used is validity test, reliability test, descriptive analysis, multicollinearity test, heteroscedasticity test, Park Gleyser test, normality test, multiple linear analysis, multiple linear reliability coefficient test, partial hypothesis test or t test, simultaneous hypothesis test or test. F, and the coefficient of determination. The results of descriptive analysis at PT. Mega Bintang Mas Indonesia Medan for transformasional leadership style variable is in good category, work motivation variable is in bad category, job satisfaction variable is in very bad category and employee performance variable at PT. Mega Bintang Mas Indonesia Medan is in quite good category. Based on a partial analysis, transformational leadership, work motivation, job satisfaction have a positive and significant influence on employee performance at PT. Mega Bintang Mas Indonesia Medan. Simultaneously, transformational leadership, work motivation, job satisfaction have a positive and significant effect on employee performance at PT. Mega Bintang Mas Indonesia Medan. The contribution of transformational leadership variables, work motivation, job satisfaction to improve employee performance variables amounted to 0.566 or 56.6%, while the remaining 0.434 or 43.4% is influenced by other variables that are not examined by writer in this research, such as work environment, compensation, culture, and so on.


EarthLife Africa is a volunteer southern African environmental activist group, which believes that environmental and social justice must be placed at the forefront of developmental issues. We support the right of all people to abundant access to energy that is clean and safe.


Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD) are a set of developmental disorders that come to those born from mothers who drink alcohol during gestation. Phenotypes are associated with alterations in proliferation, differentiation, migration and apoptosis of neural crest stem cells.Microarray data suggest that changes in several proteins associated with cell cycle regulation may contribute to alterations in growth and apoptosis. These proteins, including; retinoblastoma protein (pRB), E2F1 transcription factor, and E2F1's dimerization partner protein (DP1) are responsible for the regulation of gene products that assist in G1/S phase transition and the transcription of genes necessary for proper DNA synthesis.  Under normal cell growth the binding of pRB to E2F1/DP1 dimer inhibits transcriptional activation. During the induction of S phase, pRB is phosphorylated and releases the transcription factor dimer for activation. We suggest that alcohol alters this mechanism by changing the binding pattern of these three proteins. To examine the effects of ethanol on the relationship between DNA, E2F1, DP1 and pRB, an set of electromobility shift assay s(EMSA) were performed.


Dry eye syndrome is one of the most common diagnoses encountered in ophthalmology. It is a multifactorial disease of the tears and ocular surface that results in symptoms of discomfort, visual disturbance and tear film instability with potential damage to the ocular surface. It is accompanied by increased osmolarity of the tear film and inflammation of the ocular surface.1 The prevalence of dry eye symptoms increases with age and it affects 80% of the population over the age of 80.2 Patients usually complain of gritty, sandy foreign body sensation and visual blurry vision that clears temporarily upon blinking which is attributed to tear film disruption over the cornea. Conventional non-invasive techniques for the diagnosis of dry eye include quantitative assessment of tear volume, tear film stability, tear dynamics …


Biological hydroxyapatite crystals are either small, as in bone and dentin, or large as in enamel. Enamel crystal lites are unique since each is initiated and grows in length, thickness and width until the entire layer of enamel is secreted. In maturation, these extremely long crystallites grow only in thickness and width. Crystal growth in vitro fol lows physico-chemical principles, but lacks biological intelligence; in vivo this intelligence is contributed by protein templates. The location of the organic template in enamel is congruent with the crystallite, constituting the crystal ghost. Since crystals cannot ac commodate proteins, the explanation is logically inconsistent. In sections, enamel crystallites, is cross sectional found, rectangular or rhombohedral rod segments project as hexagons. Assuming the organic template covers the crystal exterior, the projected rhombohedral segment, appearing hexagonal, would seem to contain the protein, hence explaining the apparent presence of the crystal ghost.


Introduction. Providing school library services to increase students' interest in reading is still an important study for school libraries. Increasing reading interest in the SMAN 4 Tangerang Selatan Library is carried out by providing collaborative services to improve scientific communication. This research needs to be carried out so that the services provided by the library can accommodate all students in reading interest services and become basic research for school libraries in the South Tangerang area.Methodology. This study uses a quantitative approach, with a correlation coefficient test to answer the hypothesis. The population is 346 students, so a sample of 186 respondents is obtained using a simple random sampling technique. Questionnaires were distributed to 186 students with Likert scale scores with four alternative answers and documentation studies to complete data collection.Results and Discussion. This study found a relationship between library services and students' reading interest, as evidenced by the contribution of 24.6% between library services and students' reading interest. In comparison, the remaining 75.4% was explained by other variables not examined. The tendency of library services to increase reading interest is still in the moderate category.Conclusion. This study describes the school's efforts to increase student's interest in reading with the strength of the services provided by the library. Reading skills need to be trained so that the more the library can provide the facilities needed for reading, the more trained students will be.


Color image segmentation can be seen as an extension of the grayscale image segmentation. In order to provide basic data for image recognition and image segmentation, this paper studies the image under consideration based on the threshold selection method, Otsu (named after Nobuyuki Otsu). Firstly, pre-processing operation is carried out on the unprocessed original image. Then, we select The L*a*b* color space as the optimum color space for image segmentation, the color image of RGB color space is transformed to L*a*b* color space. Next, the channels of color space are separated and then a single channel is selected after which two-dimension Otsu segmentation is carried out based on the selected channel. This proposed method automatically performs histogram–shape based image thresholding. Experiments show that Otsu method will lead to a correct threshold value and yield an ideal result in segmentation with small computation time.


We fabricated erbium-doped fiber ring laser with a new structure that can operate in C- & L-band wavelength region in the optical communication band. We performed the absorption spectroscopy of acetylene (13C2H2) and hydrogen cyanide (H13C14N) by using a low noise erbium-doped fiber ring laser and measured absorption spectra of more than fifty transition lines of these gases with an excellent signal to noise ratio (SNR). The wavelength of this laser can be continuously tuned over 102 nm by insertion of the fiber Fabry-Perot tunable filter (FFP-TF) in the ring cavity with a novel cavity structure and the optimal gain medium length. The acetylene cell and the hydrogen cyanide cells were fabricated with gas pressure of 120 torr and 250 torr and length of 5 cm and 15 cm, respectively. The pressure broadening coefficients of acetylene transition lines are obtained using this fiber ring laser and an external cavity laser diode.


We introduce a systematic approach to configuring the video encoding parameters for optimal video encoding in this paper. The determination of optimal video encoding parameters is formulated as an optimization problem of maximizing the expected video encoding quality under a set of constraints that may include a video quality measure, a target bitrate, computation, memory bandwidth, etc. We use the Video Quality Metric, a measurement paradigm of video quality that is based on algorithms for objective measurement of video quality, to measure the expected video encoding performance. The optimization problem can be solved through an efficient multidimensional numerical search method, direct simplex search method, with encoding of various sequences with different encoding parameter settings. We illustrate the approach to determine parameters to enable optimal MB level quantization parameter adaptation in H.264 / AVC.


Construction projects are always expected to create a balance between cost, time and quality. It is possible to have high quality and low cost, but at the expense of time, and conversely to have high quality and a fast project, but at a cost. High quality is not always the primary objective for the client; however, it is extremely important to a successful project. An appropriate level of quality could be determined during all phases of the construction project. Specially, construction and commissioning are two critical phases where the project could impact by its operability, availability, reliability, and maintainability of a facility. Ultimately, a facility with a good construction quality program and minimal defects is more likely to have a smooth and trouble free transition into the commissioning and qualification phase of the project. This creates a great potential for quality improvements in construction projects, as the poor quality could negatively effect to project failures. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to investigate the importance of quality for construction project success. Accordingly, quality and related key literature were reviewed and a framework of quality for construction project success was developed.


An analysis was made of the change in the linear characteristics of ropes made of polyamide, polypropylene and polyethylene, which were divided into three groups. Each group included the above ropes. With these groups, the storage technology was simulated during the year under various conditions.


This work presents a methodology based on the numerical simulation for assessment of the effects of defects in the form of delamination on the mechanical properties of composite sandwich panels. Various types of core are used in these panels depending on their purpose tubular, cellular or honeycomb, arranged in one, two or even three layers. High-quality bonding of core and skins is one of the key factors for providing of overall stiffness and structural strength. Often constructions with multilayer sandwich panels may work under the complex stress condition and the local areas of disbond between core and skins can considerably reduce bearing strength of the product. Also, defects in the form of delamination can be observed in multi-ply skins of sandwich panels. In addition, some skins have perforation which occupies up to 10% of the entire area, and perforation holes diameter is correlated with the ply thickness. This factor should also be considered in assessing of performance of the sandwich panels. The three-dimensional parametric models of panels with tubular and honeycomb cores were created. Both solid and shell models were used. Simulation of delamination was performed by contact parameters changing in local areas of predetermined shape and dimensions. Such materials as carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) and fiberglass were examined. The numerical stress-strain analysis of panels under various loading condition was obtained with ANSYS Workbench software. The developed numerical models allow to study the effects of delamination defects on the stress and strain fields in multilayer composite sandwich panels according to the size and location of the defect.


The novel corona virus SARS-Cov-2 caused the COVID-19 pandemic and mostly deteriorated the respiratory system. This paper aims to predict the supportive vaccine type (RNA, Non-replicating viral vector, DNA, Inactivated, Protein subunit) of COVID-19 for the human being by the rough set's novel process. The Rough set is an approach to identify patterns in uncertainty. The vaccine dataset, vaccine name, number of tested cases, age, randomize, and vaccine types of COVID-19 have been taken to overcome this disaster. By the rough set method, the supportive vaccine pattern is predicted, and it is observed that the vaccine based on RNA is highly supported to the human beings compared to the others. Extensive tests explained the Pfizer vaccine (RNA) is 95% effective, Moderna (mRNA) is 94.1%, while the Oxford/AstraZeneca (Non-replicating) one is 62%. It shows that the efficiency obtained by the rough set is accurate. A data-intensive computer-based analysis is given for the medical system. Furthermore, we present an extended record of sources that will support the scientific bioinformatics society to attain various sorts of a database linked to SARS-CoV-2 and advances to associate with COVID-19 treatment.


Utilizing VMware virtual machine and Mikrotik RouterOS,a self-study platform for network practice is constructed,and it is used in doing most network experiments on ordinary PC.The platform can not only effectively relieve the network practice teaching difficulties caused by experiment equipments shortage in universities,but also help students to complete specified network practice task independently,and improve the students'learning self-consciousness.


We present the results of our optical spectrophotometric campaign ongoing at the Astronomical Observatory of Bologna in Loiano (Italy) on hard X-ray sources detected by INTEGRAL. We observed spec- troscopically the putative optical counterparts of four more INTEGRAL sources, IGR J12391 1610, IGR J18406 0539, 2E 1853.7+1534 and IGR J19473+4452. These data have allowed us to determine their nature, finding that IGR J12391 1610 (=LEDA 170194) and IGR J19473+4452 are Seyfert 2 galaxies at redshifts z = 0.036 and z = 0.053, respectively, IGR J18406 0539 (=SS 406) is a Be massive X-ray binary located at �1.1 kpc from Earth, and 2E 1853.7+1534 is a Type 1 Seyfert galaxy with z = 0.084. Physical parameters for these objects are also evaluated by collecting and discussing the available multiwavelength information. The determination of the extragalactic nature of a substantial fraction of sources inside the INTEGRAL surveys underlines the impor- tance of hard X-ray observations for the study of background Active Galactic Nuclei located beyond the 'Zone of Avoidance' of the Galactic Plane.


Review on ACLY (ATP citrate lyase), with data on DNA, on the protein encoded, and where the gene is implicated.


We study versions of strict Mittag-Leffler modules relativized to a class $\cK$ (of modules), that is, \emph{strict} versions (in the technical sense of Raynaud and Gruson) of $\cK$-Mittag-Leffler modules, as investigated in the preceding paper, {\em Mittag-Leffler modules and definable subcategories}, in this very series (as well as the arXiv).


Ascending aortic root dissections were repaired in two cases using Dacron graft prostheses. In each instance, native aorta was wrapped around the graft resulting in a postoperative false positive echocardiographic picture of de novo dissection.


This paper presents the study of glare occurrences in classrooms for the city of NatalRN. Although there is much daylight availability locally, its use is still underexplored in school architecture. The method of analysis is divided into definition of the base case and reference models, modeling, simulation and analysis of the results. The analyzed models are classroom environments with the dimensions of 7.20m x 7.20 m, with window-to-wall-ratio (WWR) of 20 %, 40 % and 50 %, and shading devices such as standard horizontal overhang, sloped overhang, standard horizontal overhang with side view protection, standard horizontal overhang with a dropped edge, double standard horizontal overhang, double standard horizontal overhang with three horizontal louvers, standard horizontal overhang with three horizontal louvers, besides the use of light shelves in some models. As the behavior of light is quite variable throughout the year, chose to adopt an approach based on dynamic simulation analysis. The modeling was performed in SketchUp program , the simulation was performed in Daysim program ( Reinhart , 2010) and data analysis was done using spreadsheets , where a range of UDI was determined between 300lux and 2000Lux for exploratory analyzes and between 300lux and 3000lux for more specific analyzes. It was observed a reduction of glare in the first row of sensors, either by using the light shelves, or protection for the high light.


Compound ultrasound (US) images benefit from reduced speckle noise, at the expense of blurring. The purpose of this work was to evaluate several different methods for reducing the effects of blurring on compounded ultrasound images. We evaluated 3 different approaches: unsharp masking (USM), Gaussian deconvolution (GD), and system measured point-spread-function (PSF) deconvolution (PD). The compounded images are created from summation of approximately 300 B-Mode US images. We applied the different de-blurring methods to these images and examined the images subjectively as well as measured resolution with an autocorrelation metric. Overall, these methods improved resolution by 1.25 (USM), 1.09 (GD), and 1.27 (PD). Unsharp masking was the best trade-off between runtime performance and image quality.


Two novel secondary metabolites, namely cruentaren A (1) and B (2), have been isolated from the myxobacterium Byssovorax cruenta. Their structures have been elucidated by detailed NMR spectroscopic analysis. Both compounds are isomers of a C22 polyketide with a 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzoic acid terminus, which forms a 12-membered lactone in 1 and a six-membered lactone in 2. An amino group at C-22 is acylated by a 3-hydroxy-2-methylhexanoic acid group whose absolute configuration has been determined by GC analysis after hydrolysis and stereoselective synthesis. Degradation of 2 by olefin cross-metathesis in the presence of ethylene yields the C-12 to C-21 fragment 8, whose relative configuration has been predicted applying Kishi's 13C NMR spectroscopic data base approach, and whose absolute configuration has been proven by comparison with two synthetic stereoisomers. The configuration of C-9 and C-10 has been determined by Mosher's method and NMR spectroscopy. Degradation of cruentaren A (1) by olefin cross-metathesis in the presence of ethylene gives crystalline 21,22-seco-cruentaren (14). Its crystal structure analysis reveals the relative configuration and conformation of the macrocycle and enables solution conformation analysis. The high cytotoxic activity of 1 is essentially lost on derivatisation or rearrangement to 2.(© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)


Abstract During the CMOS process, ferroelectric capacitors show degraded ferroelectric properties due to a hydrogen involving process. When hydrogen diffused in PZT thin films through noble metal electrodes (such as Pt, Ir), XRD data indicate a change of lattice parameters and XPS spectra exhibit a change of Pb-O bond in crystalline perovskite phase. Especially, the variation of lattice parameter of PZT (Zr/Ti=20/80) depends on the thickness of top electrodes (Pt).


We calculated the energy spectra of the neutron-rich He $\Lambda$ hypernuclei with $A=6$ to 9 within the framework of an $\alpha + \Lambda +Xn$ ($X=1$--4) cluster model using the cluster orbital shell model. The employed constituent particles reproduce their observed properties. For resonant states of core nuclei such as $^5$He, $^6$He, and $^7$He, the complex scaling method is employed to obtain energies and decay widths. The calculated ground states of $^6_{\Lambda}$He and $^7_{\Lambda}$He are in good agreement with published data. The energy levels of $^8_{\Lambda}$He and $^9_{\Lambda}$He are predicted. In $^9_{\Lambda}$He, we find one deeply bound state and two excited resonant states, which are proposed to be produced at the Japan proton accelerator research complex (J-PARC) by the double-charge-exchange reaction $(\pi^-, K^+)$ using a $^9$Be target.


In a decision eagerly anticipated by the patent community, the Federal Circuit in Lucent v. Gateway vacated the jury award of $358 million and closely scrutinized the district court's application of the hypothetical negotiations approach used to determine reasonable royalties. The court analyzed the sufficiency of the past licenses presented and took an active role in excluding unreliable expert testimony. This approach deviated from historic practice and represented the newest effort by the court to prevent excessively large jury awards. Although not offering a bright-line holding, the decision portended a shift in the court's patent damages jurisprudence. The jury award, if not vacated, would have served as a prime example for future plaintiffs of another excessively large patent damages award and continued to allow non-practicing entities to thrive. Post-Lucent cases followed the trend set forth in Lucent, where the Federal Circuit similarly scrutinized the evidence presented and acted as a gatekeeper in excluding questionable evidence. Part I of this Note traces the historic development of patent damages up to the decision in Lucent v. Gateway and discusses how the Federal Circuit has tried to prevent excessively large patent damage awards. Part II summarizes the decision in Lucent v. Gateway and the decisions of post-Lucent cases. This Part also examines the current state of the law regarding past licenses and expert testimony. Part III argues that the Federal Circuit has taken the right approach, and further urges judges to take on a greater role in acting as


The present invention provides an electrode related the plasma polymerizatino treatment equipment, said electrode is made of emtal titanium, its form is net form, when the polymerization reaction is made, it uses titanium as material of the above-mentioned electrode so as to prevent spark discharge, said electrode structure and form not only can raise the quality of plasma polymerization treatment product, but also can provide high quality plasma adhesion possibility.


Parallel structure has its narrow meaning and wide meaning, and in newspaper report discourse,both exist in great amounts. Parallel structure is special in its manifestation and function in such kind of discourse, and this paper gives a bcief discussion on this.


A proposed recoil mass spectrometer of high rigidity, large solid angle acceptance, and good mass resolution for use with the HHIRF accelerators at ORNL is described.


Planetary probes play an important role in acquiring data from Solar System bodies by using remote sensing techniques. The accuracy of this information is, however, still to be proved, as the Lunar Prospector data analysis showed. In the case of building lunar mineralogical maps and showing evidence of water, Lunar Prospector databases showed not to be accurate enough to generate reliable results. Both casesproves of inaccuracies are shown in this paper. Regarding the gamma- ray spectrometry data, it was possible to correct the database, based on evidences that some elements present enough accuracy, together with lithological knowledge and data from the lunar samples that enabled the mapping of the major lunar minerals. These maps agree with the current knowledge of the formation of terrains on the Moon. Regarding the neutron spectrometer, the epithermal neutron data collected is used to prove the evidence of water in the polar craters. However, comparing the signal with the theoretical models many discrepancies appear that lead to think that Lunar Prospector data is not sufficiently accurate to prove or disprove the presence of water.


The information contained within the Grand Rounds Archive is intended for use by doctors and other health care professionals. These documents were prepared by resident physicians for presentation and discussion at a conference held at The Baylor College of Medicine in Houston, Texas. No guarantees are made with respect to accuracy or timeliness of this material. This material should not be used as a basis for treatment decisions, and is not a substitute for professional consultation and/or peerreviewed medical literature.


Abstract The effects of dynamic recrystallization on the deformation mechanisms and rheology of olivine aggregates in the laboratory and the lithosphere are reviewed in this paper. The low-strain rheology of olivine is well documented; however, deformation in the lithosphere often involves large strains. Large strain experiments show that recrystallization can result in both hardening and softening during deformation. Moderate strain softening in experimental shear and torsion can be explained by the operation of dislocation-accommodated grain boundary sliding in bands of fine recrystallized grains. Data on the temperature dependence of recrystallized grain size are needed to extrapolate the effects of dynamic recrystallization to the lithosphere. Theories of dynamic recrystallization suggest that grain size is strongly stress dependent and moderately temperature dependent. A re-analysis of experimental grain size data indicates that the recrystallized grain size is temperature independent for olivine aggregates with low water content (<300 ppm H/Si). Rheological regime maps have been constructed for the lithospheric mantle. The maps suggest that grain size sensitive power law creep, involving both grain boundary sliding and dislocation creep, will produce strong strain softening, greater than found so far in experimental studies, in dry and wet lithosphere shear zones.


Abstract. Elevation gradients provide opportunities to explore environmental controls on forest structure and functioning. We used airborne imaging spectroscopy and lidar (light detection and ranging) to quantify changes in three-dimensional forest structure and canopy functional traits in twenty 25 ha landscapes distributed along a 3300 m elevation gradient from lowland Amazonia to treeline in the Peruvian Andes. Elevation was positively correlated with lidar-estimated canopy gap density and understory vegetation cover, and negatively related to canopy height and the vertical partitioning of vegetation in canopies. Increases in canopy gap density were tightly linked to increases in understory plant cover, and larger gaps (20–200 m2) produced 25–30 times the response in understory cover than did smaller gaps (


The crack voltage has been useful criteria for choosing constituent materials of higher power device, which is the same as the withstanding voltage. Especially the high power LED devices more than 3W are required to show no crack voltage during a given time at an applied voltages of 3kV. The high power LED devices were generally assembled on the heat spreader consisting of Copper circuit layer, polymer adhesive and Aluminum sheet, where the polymer adhesive influenced the heat dissipation from LED device adversely because of its low thermal conductivity ranging 1~2W/mk and it is a serious impediment to heat dissipation from LED device to outside. Therefore, the polymer adhesive has been recently substituted with anodic aluminum oxide(AAO) formed on Aluminum sheet by electrochemical anodization process, whose thermal conductivity is nearly 10~20W/mK. The newly developed heat spreader consisting of Copper circuit, AAO layer and Aluminum sheet should be completely fulfilled to technical requirements for high power LED products such as crack voltage, therefore, the process parameters of bath compositions, temperatures, times and input voltages for forming AAO layers were studied. The AAO layers with an interpore size of 45~55nm and a thickness of 3~45um could be fabricated through process temperatures of 5~60°C, process times of 2~12hr and input voltages of 5~40V.


The invention relates to pigments of empirical formula (TiO2)a(ZnO)b(SnO)c(SnO2 )d(RExOy)e(EAO)f (MuOv)g where RE is a metal of the third sub-group or a rare earth metal, EA is an earth alkali metal and M is any further metal, with a = 0.8-3; b = 0.5-1.3; c = 0.5-1.3; d = 0-0.5; e = 0-0.3; f = 0-0.3; g = 0-0.1, where e + f >= 0.01. RE is preferably selected from the elements Y, La, Ce and Pr. The pigments are used for colouring paints, printing inks, inks, plastics and rubber.


An 82 year old hypertensive woman presented to the emergency department with a two hour history of retrosternal chest pain. She had no previous history of angina or myocardial infarction. Her initial 12 lead electrocardiogram …


As humans we have several orders of magnitude more input bandwidth through our eyes than through any of our other senses. When linked to modern computer technology, this innate visual bandwidth proves an underutilized resource. Visualization is especially worthwhile when we wish to increase the quantity, and, because of the pattern-recognition capabilities of our brain, the quality of information entering our mind. In a much-referenced article in the 1952 AAPG Bulletin ("Towards a philosophy of oil finding"), Wallace Pratt recognized and was the first to state that it is in our minds where hydrocarbons are first found. This special section continues the process of showing how we can extend our minds with technology.


The genius of the people will ill brook the inquisitive and peremptory spirit of excise laws. --Alexander Hamilton, Federalist 12 Introduction One of the primary avenues of attack on the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) dispute panels, and NAFTA itself, has been on its alleged partiality. While Canada, Mexico, and the United States are all members of NAFTA, the NAFTA dispute resolution process has been the subject of attack primarily in the U.S. Accusations have come mainly from losing litigants and their lawyers, and those in the U.S. Congress whose constituencies have been adversely affected by dispute panel decisions. The argument that the dispute panels can been considered partial has an understandable basis--foreigners help judge the cases. This fact gives those who do not agree with the outcomes some grounds for their complaints. They argue that the panels of judges that sit to hear the various complaints follow national interests and, thus, when the U.S. delegation on any particular panel is outnumbered, the case argued by the U.S. is likely to lose. This line of reasoning has enough credibility with legislators in Washington that the General Accounting Office of the U.S. Congress authorized a study of the dispute panels, which will be discussed in detail below. However, the purpose of this paper is to show that, in fact, there is no bias within the NAFTA dispute panel process and, therefore, there is no basis for the argument. Moreover, this controversy has implications for Canada's relations with its southern neighbor. Evidence points to increases in trade tension during economic downturns. Is the current lull in trade disputes simply a pause in a natural pattern of trade conflict between these two countries? Similarly, is this behavior a harbinger of actions to come in the future in other agreements that both countries are party to, such as the World Trade Organization? The substantive question that this article addresses concerns the viability of panels such as the NAFTA panels. This particular arrangement has been adopted by other international trade agreements--the WTO, for example--and a finding that the model upon which all are based is fundamentally flawed would have a far-reaching effect. If three countries as close and amicable as the U.S., Mexico, and Canada cannot find an impartial body with which to arbitrate their disputes, then what hope is there for the myriad of nations that make up the WTO? What this paper will attempt to show is that there is no bias in the arbitration carried out by the NAFTA dispute settlement regime and, in direct reply to the U.S. congressional critics of the dispute panels, there is no bias in the pattern of judgments. How Do the Dispute Panels Work? The NAFTA dispute panels are a direct extension of the dispute resolution mechanism that was set up under the Canada-U.S. Free Trade Agreement (FTA). Its purpose was twofold: first, to provide a forum under which the laws of the U.S. and Canada could be followed without having to resort immediately to the respective court systems and, second, to speed up the entire process of adjudication in international trade disputes. During the negotiation of FTA, Canadian representatives insisted on a dispute settlement mechanism of this type. They feared the use of U.S. trade laws for political, rather than liberalizing, motives. In fact, some writers have suggested that the main intent of the FTA agreement for Canadian negotiators was not only to liberalize trade between the two countries, but to provide a bulwark against domestically instigated U.S. trade barriers.(1) Domain and Range of Cases The cases, and therefore the panels, that will be analyzed within this article are the full range of cases reviewed under FTA and NAFTA. They number eighty-one as of September 1998. However, these constitute only the cases that were carried as far as the binational panels. …


In order to identify targets of the transcription factor AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR5 / MONOPTEROS (ARF5/MP), we compared transcriptomes of mp-B4149 mutant seedlings (9 day-old) and seedlings carrying the dexamethasone-inducible version of the MP inhibitor protein BODENLOS (GR-bdl). Without dexamethasone (DEX) treatment, this line is identical to the wild-type, while DEX treatment leads to strong inhibition of ARF-dependent transcription. To remove all endogenous MP-inhibiting Aux/IAA proteins, we treated mp or GR-bdl seedlings during 1 hour with auxin (50 micromolar Indole-3-Acetic Acid), either with or without a pretreatment with 10 micromolar DEX for 1 hour. Genes that are activated by MP are expected to br downregulated in mp seedlings and in the GR-bdl line afer DEX treatment. We used biological duplicates for each of the three treatments.


with this paper. The work is based on a geoarchaeological and archaeometric proposal for the characterization of mineral raw materials, mostly siliceous, used by different societies in Prehistory, in the acquisition, and distribution of resources by these societies. A research platform has been created with


This paper presents a scalable SoC architecture for prime number validation which targets reconfigurable hardware. The primality test is crucial for security systems, especially for most public-key schemes. The Rabin-Miller Strong Pseudoprime Test has been mapped into hardware, which makes use of a circuit for computing Montgomery modular exponentiation to further speed up the validation and to reduce the hardware cost. A design generator has been developed to generate a variety of scalable and non-scalable Montgomery multipliers based on user-defined parameters. The performance and resource usage of our designs, implemented in Xilinx reconfigurable devices, have been explored using the embedded PowerPC processor and the soft MicroBlaze processor. Our work demonstrates the flexibility and trade-offs in using reconfigurable platform for developing System-on-a-Chip applications. It is shown that, for instance, a 1024-bit Primality test can be completed in less than a second, and a low cost XC3S2000 FPGA chip can accommodate a 32k-bit scalable primality test with 64 parallel processing elements.


The invention provides a wireless microphone, a receiver, a wireless microphone system and a voice signal transmitting / receiving method, wherein through a DCS signal generated by a DCS signal generating unit (106), a modulation unit (202) modulates a tone signal generated by a tone signal oscillator (105) so as to overlap the tone signal with the DCS signal. An adder (201) outputs the tone signal overlapped with the DCS signal at a frequency higher than that of a voice signal. Therefore, the silencing treatment at a receiving terminal is operated while the frequency band of the voice signal is ensured at the same time.


This paper deals with the scattering theory for the one‐dimensional discrete Schrodinger equation with a random potential having large support. The main result is that a fluctuation deep within the scattering region has a very small effect on the scattering of wave packets; the region of random potential is effectively opaque.


Objective To observe the effect of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells(hUCMSCs)combined with ganglioside(GM1)on the treatment of hypoxic-ischemic brain damage(HIBD)in neonate rats. Methods First,the models of 7-day-old neonate rats with HIBD brain were established.Then,after 72 hours,the same amount hUCMSCs were transplanted into the hUCMSCs transplantation group and the hUCMSCs+GM1group,at the same time,GM1 was injected into the hUCMSCs+GM1group through abdominal cavity.Spatial learning was assessed using a Morris water maze test from 31 to 35days after the transplantation.Finally,after the behavioral tests,brain tissues of rats were removed after 4%paraformaldehyde was perfused in cardiac to fix brain and successive sections were made using a cryomicrotome.Immunofluorescence staining was performed to examine the distribution of DiI-labeled hUCMSCs and expression of DCX. ResultsThe hUCMSCs+GM1group showed more significant neurological functions improvement than the hUCMSCs transplantation group as revealed by Morris water maze test.The transplantation descendants of hUCMSCs could migrate to the brain tissue,and could differentiate into neuronal precursor cells,and the hUCMSCs+GM1group showed more DiI-labeled hUCMSCs in brain tissue. Conclusion Transplanted hUCMSCs could improve the recovery of neurological functions after HIBD and promote rats' behavioral function improvement.And GM1 exerts a synergistic effect in this treatment.


This article analyses different aspects of the development of electronic form of culture. Particular emphasis is placed on the philosophical and sociological study of the phenomenon, which has been pronounced since the second half of the 20 th century. The author considers the conditions and factors of the interdisciplinary approach to studying electronic culture.


In 1936 Borsuk2 [2] indicated how the homotopy classes of maps of a space X into a space Y form a group under rather general conditions. In particular, if Y is an n-sphere and X is a space with dim X 2. The first step in the classification is the setting up of a map : -*(K > Hn(Kn+l) where rfn(Kfn+l) is the set of homotopy classes in question, while H n(I n+) is the nth integral cohomology group of Kn+1. It is relatively easy to show that f is a mapping onto. The next and much harder step is to study the sets f-`(u) for u E Hn(Kn+l). Here there is a marked difference between the cases n = 2 and n > 2. For n = 2 the structure (and even the cardinal number) of J7'(u) depends on the choice of u. For n > 2 all the sets 7 l(u) are in 1-1 correspondence with a certain factor group of the cohomology group H n+(K n+; 2) with mod 2 coefficients. This suggests that for n > 2 the set 7rf(Kf+l) could be given a group structure in such a way that f is a homomorphism with respect to this group structure. The main part of Steenrod's classification theorem would be the description of the kernel of I. It is shown herein that Steenrod's theorem exhibits the group Xrn(Kn+1) as a group extension of a calculable group3 by another calculable group. Hence, the original question suggested by Steenrod's results is answered. Furthermore,


This study discusses how the company's financial performance before making a stock split by financial performance after the stock-split, if viewed from several indicators to measure financial performance. Stock split is a split activity shares into shares more with a lower nominal value. The purpose of the stock to trade a stock split become illiquid because of the number of shares outstanding into more and the price becomes cheaper. There is a theory underlying stock split of Signalling Theory. Signaling theory is a theory that states that a good quality companies will purposely give a signal to the market, thus the market is expected to be able to distinguish between good companies and bad quality. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the stock split can not give a positive signal to investors. Stock split should cause a difference in a company's financial performance for the better, is not proven in this study. Key words: Stock Split, Signalling Theory.


This paper presents a novel approach to manipulation and assembly of micro-scale objects using a chip-scale multi-fingered micromanipulator, in which multiple, independently controlled compliant fingers coordinate with each other to grasp and manipulate multiple objects simultaneously on-chip. The structural and functional advantages of this multi-fingered micromanipulator in achieving high dexterity in a compact form as compared to other state-of-the-art manipulation tools are discussed. A formulation of the kinematics of the manipulator's compliant fingers along with two different control strategies including an operator-driven closed-loop control and a semi-autonomous open-loop control for coordinated manipulation and on-chip assembly of micro-scale objects are introduced. Finally, the details of implementation of both control strategies and successful experimental demonstration of manipulations and assembly of two interlocking micro-scale parts with sub-micron mating clearance using the multifingered manipulator are presented.Copyright © 2011 by ASME


The present invention relates to a method as magnesium may be acid soluble ionic material prepared magnesium hydroxide, calcium nitrate or calcium chloride is first formulated as a 0.1 ~ 4mol / L solution, and then concentrated sulfuric acid was slowly added to the solution, and then filtered, washed residue was obtained gypsum, the filtrate into the cycle. The present invention has the following advantages: Low 1) cost, calcium oxide as the alkaline agent, an organic amine recycled as a precipitant, calcium oxide avoids the disadvantages of the method, while a small amount of cyclic amine, a high precipitation efficiency, reduce production cost of raw materials; 2) low power consumption, while avoiding the volatilization of ammonia pollution of the environment; low 3) operating costs, the method using an organic amine precipitated magnesium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide adsorption of certain organic amine is generated so as to have hydrophobic properties when filtered, the filter very fast filtration rate greater than 0.01L / s · m2, and easy to wash, to reduce the operating costs of the process.


Hardware-/software co-design is a growing area requiring the tight interaction of hardware and software disciplines. While there are numerous conferences that have included co-design as a topic, Codes/CASHE is the major international forum to present and discuss emerging trends and topics in this area. For this reason, the workshop has been refocused to be an event with fewer papers and more sessions open to the contributions of all workshop participants. Out of the 39 papers submitted, only 18 papers were accepted and 16 are published in these proceedings. All the other workshop events will be summarized in the workshop web page located at (http://www.ece.cmu.edu/afs/ece/usr/thomas/codes.html). The combination of carefully selected papers, prepared group discussions, panels, open poster and short oral presentation sessions shall strengthen the workshop character. We would like to thank the program committee and the special session organizers for their support in organizing a successful event. The IEEE Computer Society did a great job in helping us to advertise the event and prepare the proceedings. Welcome to Codes/CASHE'96!


: The main purpose of the research was to assess the possibility of application of the two-dimensional wavelet analysis to perform simulations to detect the characteristic surface areas. The research was performed on the basis of the possibility of assessment of the parameters of the face milling process, i.e. feed per revolution and feed per tooth. The images of the surface layer of the samples were analyzed. The analysis of the images obtained after the wavelet filtration showed that in the images were visible characteristic bands, which were created as a result of removing material by particular cutting inserts. The application of the wavelet analysis allowed to detect characteristic information about surface attributes, which were not visible before the filtration process.


Background: Although some studies have found that incarceration is associated with young adults' poor health, confounding factors including adolescent health risks, and mediating influences such as stress have not been examined in the same study. We assessed whether variation in criminal justice system experience (none, arrest only, incarceration) influenced young adults' self-reported depres- sive symptoms and poor physical health after accounting for prospective risks to health including adolescent health risks. We then assessed whether stress mediated associations between criminal justice involvement and the two health indicators. Methods: Data are from Toledo Adolescent Relationships Study (TARS) (n =990), which included young adults, age 22-29, who have matured during the era characterized by mass incarceration. The dependent variables included a depressive symptoms scale and self-reported poor health. The adolescent health risks included economic disadvantage, body mass index, delinquency, problems with drugs, and prior depressive symptoms. We considered stress as a mediating variable. Sociodemographic characteristics included race/ ethnicity, age, and gender. We used ordinary least squares regression and logistic regression analyses. We tested gender, race/ethnici-ty, and age interactions. Results: In multivariable models, incarceration, and adolescent health risks (economic disadvantage, prior depression, problems with drugs) were associated with young adults' depressive symptoms, and stress was a mediating influence. Adolescent delinquency and stress, but not incarceration, were significantly associated with young adults' self-reported poor health. Conclusion: This study provided a more nuanced understanding of incarceration and health by accounting for several key confounding factors and testing stress as a mechanism underlying the association. Care for prisoner health during and after incarceration is important for successful reintegration. ABSTRACT Introduction: Studies from various parts of the country suggest that tobacco-related health disparities are exacerbated by disparities in the distribution of tobacco retailers (convenience stores, tobacco shops, etc.). The purpose of the present study was to use advanced spatial modeling techniques for count data to estimate current disparities in tobacco retailer density in Ohio. Methods: We identified and geocoded 11,392 tobacco retailers in Ohio. Next, we obtained census tract-level information on race/eth- nicity, poverty, and age and obtained county-level information on whether an area was Urban, Suburban, or Rural. Finally, we used negative binomial generalized linear models, adapted for residual spatial dependence, to determine the association between per capita tobacco retailer density and demographic characteristics—summarized by adjusted rate ratios. Results: There were more (from 1.4-1.9 times as many) retailers per capita in high-poverty vs. low-poverty tracts. Poverty also inter- acted with age: the association between high poverty and high retailer density was stronger for tracts with a low youth population. Density was also greater in tracts with a high (vs. low) prevalence of African Americans (1.1 times as many) and Hispanics (1.2 times as many). Finally, density was generally greater in rural (vs. suburban or urban) tracts, although the effect was modified by a three-way interaction: density was particularly high for rural tracts that also had both a high prevalence of poverty and a low youth population. Discussion: Overall, our findings indicate that Ohio's vulnerable populations are exposed to a greater per capita density of tobacco retailers. There is a need for state and local-level tobacco control policies that will improve equity and reduce health disparities. ABSTRACT Background/Objectives: Despite a slight increase in Tdap immunization rates, the total numbers are still low among adults. The pur- pose of this study is to determine the impact of a pharmacist-directed immunization program. The primary objective was to assess the increase in vaccination rates among the subjects indicated to receive the Tdap vaccine. The secondary objective was to assess changes in pre and post vaccine knowledge scores. Methods: Employees enrolled in the pharmacist-directed employee wellness clinic on a university campus in Ohio were screened for Tdap vaccination at the annual employee health fair during Fall of 2016. Results were cross-referenced with the state vaccination database. Subjects were recruited via email to an educational program. Indicated patients were asked to schedule an appointment with a pharmacist. Assessment data on the educational program was collected before the presentation and after the appointment when the vaccine was administered. The efficacy endpoint for the primary objective was a 20% increase in baseline vaccination rates. Results: Of the 198 subjects recruited, a total of 54 received Tdap vaccination. The baseline vaccination rate of the study population was 37.4% and increased by 27.2% after the intervention to a total vaccination rate of 64.6% (p< 0.001). Six knowledge assessments were utilized for the secondary objective; however, these results did not show significance. Conclusions: A pharmacist-directed Tdap immunization program is effective at increasing vaccination rates. Even though the change in education assessment data proved more observational, the education provided will empower subjects to make informed healthcare decisions. ABSTRACT Background/Objectives: Nearly 4 million women experience pregnancy every year in the United States. While there is research about medical outcomes related to pregnancy, especially in the context of disease, there is a dearth of research related to pregnancy expectations. Methods: This qualitative study explored women's expectations and experiences of pregnancy in Southeast Ohio. Participants attend- ing a clinic were recruited for individual interviews onsite at the physician's office. Interviews were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. Codes, in the form of descriptive labels such as words or brief phrases, were developed based on entire interviews. Results: Results indicate that women experience pregnancy on a continuum, some women enjoyed the experience, some were ambiv- alent, while others did not enjoy the experience. Furthermore, some women reported that their expectations for pregnancy matched their experience(s), while others felt that their expectations did not match their experience. Some women also felt "judged" by other women and even health care providers if they did not "love" the experience. Conclusions: Women experience pregnancy in a variety of ways, therefore, it is important that health care providers be sensitive to the notion that not all women enjoy the process, but they all want the same outcome of a healthy child. While it is important for health care providers to assess the physical health of the mother and the unborn child, this study demonstrated that it is also important to assess what an expectant mother knows about pregnancy and what she expects to happen. ABSTRACT Background: Many of the individuals who are released from incarceration are re-arrested and re-incarcerated within three years of re- lease. Challenges that predispose individuals to re-arrest and re-incarceration include lack of education, employment opportunities, de-cent affordable housing, and treatment for substance use disorders (SUD) and/or mental illness. This report summarizes the behavioral health needs of newly arrested individuals in Montgomery County, Ohio. Methods: For this project, 4,809 adult individuals arrested for non-violent crimes received behavioral health screening and case man- agement at booking in the Montgomery County Jail. Criminogenic assessment using the Risk-Needs-Responsivity (RNR) tool was conducted with 484 arrestees. Descriptive statistics and chi square statistics were calculated for gender, race, referrals made, education level, employment status, housing status, alcohol and other drug use, and mental health status. Results: As a group, the arrestees were undereducated, underemployed, and homeless. Based on RNR assessment, 67% had an SUD, and 60% required mental health treatment. Significant gender and racial differences were found among the arrestees, with women significantly more likely to have SUD and mental health issues. Conclusions: Individuals arrested and booked into the Montgomery County Jail experience a complex interaction among mental health, poly-substance use, medical, employment, and housing needs that must be addressed in a comprehensive and coordinated funding manner. This interactive complexity of issues demand a response from an integrated service delivery system that would best benefit the person served and the community. ABSTRACT Background: The ecological fallacy is broadly understood, though its complimentary problem, the individualistic or atomistic fallacy, is less often considered. Multilevel models offer the statistical tools needed to avoid both errors by allowing simultaneous consideration of individual, contextual, and policy factors. This study applies such methods to smoking cessation data. Tobacco control is of particu- lar concern in Ohio where the adult smoking prevalence remains around 22%. Methods: Data from the 1,785 participants in the Technology Enhanced Quitline Study were used to test the theory that contextual factors impact relapse rates and program effectiveness, employing a mixed-effects model to account for the nested nature of the data while testing for the relationship between contextual factors and relapse, controlling for individual characteristics. Results: No contextual factors or policy variables were significant predictors of smoking relapse in the sample, nor were any associated with the success of the intervention. Conclusions: While this work could not identify specific influences of c


In order to help telecommunication corporations to improve customer reservation,this paper proposes a Telecommunication Customer Loyalty Model based on Partial Least Square-Structural Equation Model(PLS -SEM)to test customer loyalty.It analyses the relationship between different variables and their influence on customer loyalty,then helps corporations to find ways to improve customer loyalty.The results show that corpo- rate identity and customer satisfaction have significant effects on customer loyalty and the perceived value has a much more significant effect than the perceived quality on customer loyalty.


The large volume of data available in location-based social networks (LBSNs) enables Point-of-Interest (POI) recommendation services. On another hand, the heterogeneous information (e.g., user check-in records, geographical features of POIs, social network and user reviews) imposes great challenges on effective POI recommendation. In this paper, we focus on leveraging such rich information in an integrated manner to improve POI recommendation performance. We exploit not only the geographical and social information, but also aspects extracted from user reviews to better model users' preferences. More specifically, to fully utilize various types of information, we construct a novel heterogeneous graph, Aspect-aware Geo-Social influence Graph (AGSG), by fusing various relations among the three types of nodes, i.e., users, POIs and aspects. The personalized POI recommendation task is then transformed as a graph node ranking problem in AGSG. We design a graph-based recommendation algorithm based on both personalized PageRank (PPR) and meta paths, to fully exploit the heterogeneous graph structure as well as to capture the semantic relations among the various nodes. Experiments on three real-world datasets show that our proposed approach outperforms the state-of-art methods.


Abstract A new and convenient method for the rapid determination of aluminum in drinking waters using a.c. oscillopolarography in a lithium chloride system is described in this paper. The calibration graph is linear from 5 × 10−6 to 8 × 10−5 mol/L with a detection limit of 5 × 10−6 mol/L. The relative standard deviation of the method is 4.7% for 4 × 10−5 mol/L Al. Compared with other techniques, this method has the significant advantages of simple instrumentation, no deaeration procedure required and rapid measurement. It was particularly suitable to the analysis of 10−6 ~ 10−5 mol/L levels of Al in drinking waters.


The present invention can provide an imaging improper conduct reliable monitoring system and a game machine. Constituting the game machine which comprises a front side toward the outer side of the gaming machine performs imaging and outputs the image data from the camera 7 and Dv while controlling the imaging camera 7 and the imaging data Dv output to an external device The display control unit 12. In this case, includes a display apparatus 5 a game image, the display control unit 12, when the predetermined condition is satisfied, based on the image extracted from the image data Dv of the image data Dp as a game display on the display device 5 of a part of the image on.


A coalition of borrowers is being considered, which in its organizational structure looks like a traditional bank. We formulate a discrete-time model and the corresponding control problem boils down to solving a bilevel optimization problem. The choice of optimal deposit and loan rates is proposed using the parameter space investigation method. The result of a computational experiment is given.


Option of defect is an important theory regulated in Omani Civil Law. It gives the injured party in bilateral contracts an option to rescind the contract if they find a defect in the subject matter of the contract. This theory is deemed a legal basis to refuse objects of sale by tender. In particular, it is useful when a guarantee that is given to the governmental body is insufficient to cover damages, due to bad performance of the contract. This article discusses how the option of defect is applied to sale by tender in Omani law.


Based on the daily closing price data of the Shanghai and Shenzhen 300 stock index futures since its launch in April 2010,The article analyzes the lead-lag relationship between the stock index futures and spot prices by making use of Johansen cointegration test,Granger causality test,impulse response function and other methods,and finds that there is long-term stability of the cointegration relationship between the Shanghai and Shenzhen 300 stock index futures and the spot price of the CSI 300 Index,stock index futures price leads the spot price,and the stock index futures and spot index exist one-way causality.The result of impulse response also confirms the futures price have a greater impact on the spot price,indicating that the listing of the stock index futures strengthens the spot market information transmission mechanism.The promotion and development of stock index futures market in China is conductive to optimize capital market structure.


A method for securing the implant to a bone support pin, the support pin comprising: a head portion of the proximal end, the head portion having a circular outer profile and comprises a first thread; and a head portion extending distally from a shaft, the shaft comprises a second thread extending over at least part of its length, a second proximal end of the threaded shaft at a position spaced from the distal end of the first thread when the given distance is equal to the support via an anchor bolt the implant to the bone at the target position on the distance between the proximal end of the bone with the bone surface of the hole in the implant composition.


Aim:  Transcription factor T‐bet is responsible for the differentiation of naive T lymphocytes, and its expression level is linked with different responses to some viral infections, including hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. In this report we examine whether promoter polymorphisms of the TBX21 gene (encoding T‐bet) are associated with susceptibility to HBV persistence or disease progression in chronic HBV carriers.


Observed sidereal variations are corrected for the influence of spurious variation by a method using the antisidereal diurnal variations produced from the same 2nd order anisotropy (Nagashima, et al., 1983). It is demonstrated that the corrected variations are a resultant product of two constituents of galactic origin: one is north-south (N-S) symmetric and the other is N-S asymmetric.


The presence of a cluster of u and d dressed (constituent) quarks in the proton is assumed within the framework of the two-level QCD model to explain the fact that the distribution function of the current d quark goes to zero for x..-->..1 more rapidly than that of the u quark. The predictions of the model are in good agreement with experiment.


This paper reports the results of observations made during the summers of 1971 and 1972 on a small group of Bembix americana Fabricius nesting in a vacant lot in Seattle, Washington. This population was judged to be intermediate to comata Parker and spinolae Lepeletier at the subspecific level (H. E. Evans, pers. comm.).