Although terrorism has been present in social life for decades, only after the World Trade Center attacks of September 11, 2001, did the topic gain new signifi cance as a sociopolitical phenomenon and as a method of warfare. Terrorism has been analyzed from a variety of viewpoints, ranging from security and military research to cultural studies and anthropological analyses. Scholars in the fi eld of Complexity Science (Complex Adaptive Systems [CAS] Research and Nonlinear Dynamical Systems Modeling) have recently been developing a number of models for the identifi cation and prediction of terrorist activities (Bar-Yam, Carley, Clauset and Gleditsch, Fellman, Galam, etc.). It may even be argued that ideas are drawn from CAS research (the term complexity theory, or complexity science, is purposely avoided in this chapter), which could be applied not only in specialized research on how to deal with terrorism as a form of warfare, but also in a broader sense, for studying terrorism as a sociopolitical phenomenon. The aim of this chapter, which is part of a broader research project both here and in another forthcoming publication from Springer Verlag, is to present a survey of the applications of ideas drawn from CAS research in a theoretical discourse on terrorism. In so doing, I shall examine the use of these concepts both in policymaking and in more applied settings. Other authors in this book will focus on more specifi c applications of various tools and models, while in this chapter, I shall endeavor to provide a more general theoretical foundation for the entire volume. This chapter is based upon three assumptions. First, that contemporary terrorism has become a peculiar facet of modern society, which itself can be viewed as a complex system [ 1 ]. Second, that concepts drawn from complex systems research


Within the hard pomeron approach it is shown that the triple pomeron interaction gives no contribution to the cross-section for a projectile with large enough virtuality $g^{2}\ln Q^{2}\sim 1$. For small virtualities $g^{2}\ln Q^{2}<<1$ its contribution is essential.


Each of identically configured logic inverter circuits 10a, 10b, 10c, and 10d comprises a PMOS transistor MP1 (abbreviated as MP1 hereinafter), and NMOS transistors MN1 and MN2 (abbreviated as MN1 and MN2 hereinafter). Gates of MP1 and MN1 are connected to input terminal IN1 , gate of MN2 is connected to input terminal IN2 , drains of MP1 and MN1 are connected to an output terminal OUT, source of MN1 is connected to the drain of MN2 , source of MP1 is connected to a controllable power supply VC, and source of MN2 is grounded. Input terminals IN1 and IN2 of logic inverter circuits 10a, 10b, 10c, and 10d are connected to output terminals OUT of the logic inverter circuits 10b and 10c, 10c and 10d, 10d and 10a, and 10a and 10b respectively. High-speed four-phase clock signals are generated.


Objective: Activation of the maternal immune (MIA) system while pregnant can have significant effects on fetal development. Here, the authors sought to examine MIA and its effects on fetal craniofacial formation. As a measure of MIA, data on maternal influenza infection was used, as influenza occurs in a predictive fashion, is not vertically transmitted, and is found to generate a robust maternal immune response. Thus, this study measures the association of the incidence of influenza infection in the United States with the incidence of craniofacial congenital deficits—specifically encephalocele and microtia. Methods: The National Inpatient Sample Database (NIS) was referenced to identify national estimates of infants born with each disease from 2004 to 2013. The gross monthly disease incidences were adjusted based on the number of newborns each month. The National Respiratory and Enteric Virus Surveillance System's FluView database from the CDC was used to obtain influenza data from 2003 to 2013. Mixed effect logistic regression analyses were conducted to find the association between influenza occurrence and each disease, specifically an odds ratio (OR). Results: There were 2858 infants born with encephalocele and 3371 born with microtia from January 2004 to December 2013. Microtia showed no statistically significant correlation with influenza rates and served as a methodologic control. Encephalocele, however, showed a strong correlation with influenza infection specifically during the eighth month of pregnancy (OR = 34.538, 95% confidence interval: 3.815-312.681). Conclusion: This study shows a strong correlation between maternal influenza infection during the eighth month of pregnancy and encephalocele incidence. This suggests that there is an additional trigger for encephalocele development towards the end of the pregnancy not currently understood in the literature. Although there appears to be a connection between MIA and encephalocele formation, more research is needed to confirm this theory.


We utilize numerical linked-cluster expansions (NLCEs) and the determinantal quantum Monte Carlo algorithm to study pairing correlations in the square lattice Hubbard model. To benchmark the NLCE, we first locate the finite-temperature phase transition of the attractive model to a superconducting state away from half filling. We then explore the superconducting properties of the repulsive model for the d-wave and extended s-wave pairing symmetries. The pairing structure factor shows a strong tendency to d-wave pairing and peaks at an interaction strength comparable to the bandwidth. The extended s-wave structure factor and correlation length are larger at higher temperatures but clearly saturate as temperature is lowered, whereas the d-wave counterparts, which start off lower at high temperatures, continue to rise near half filling. This rise is even more dramatic in the d-wave susceptibility. The convergence of NLCEs breaks down as the susceptibilities and correlation lengths become large, so we are unable to determine the onset of long-range order. However, our results extend the conclusion, previously restricted to only magnetic and charge correlations, that NLCEs offer unique window into pairing in the Hubbard model at strong coupling.


High-dimensional neural networks, such as complex neural networks and three-dimensional neural networks, have been proposed. They are capable of learning high-dimensional motions, which cannot be done by real-valued neural networks. In this paper, high-dimensional neurons are defined as vectors, and certain high-dimensional neural networks, such as complex neural networks, quaternary neural networks, and three-dimensional exterior neural networks, are unified in terms of a vector representation. It is shown that all of these types have the common feature of alternating matrices. The inverse quaternion neural network has the ability to learn rotations. In addition, it is shown that the proposed model cannot represent all rotations in neural networks that are higher than three-dimensional, and that the inverse quaternary neural network has a partial ability to learn rotations. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 86(11): 38–45, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjc.10072


We study the finite generation of the intersection algebra of two principal ideals I and J in a unique factorization domain R. We provide an algorithm that produces a list of generators of this algebra over R. In the special case that R is a polynomial ring, this algorithm has been implemented in the commutative algebra software system Macaulay2. A new class of algebras, called fan algebras, is introduced.


Using MTK sarcoma IIIof rat, 3-4 days after transplantation, the effect of igrocin, a mercurial preparation, on the mitosis was studied. Igrocin alone caused a transient increase in the frequency of mitosis (20--200%) at one hour after injection in proportion to the amount injected. The mitotic cells in the metaphase increased considerably, while the mitotic cells in the telophase decreased. Abnormal chromosomes showing signs of adhesiveness, swelling, and condensation were observed in the metaphase: retardation of mItosis, and chromosomal bridges appeared in the anaphase. Injection of igrocin be fore single whole-body x irradiation of 200 r shortened the time of restoration of the mitotic index considersbly and the effect was most powerful when x irradiation was carried out 3 hr after igrocin was injected. When igrocin was applied after x irradiation, no special effect of igrocin was noted. (Abstr. Japan Med., 2, No. 2, Feb. 1962)


The effect of common solution treatment, two-step solution treatment and aging, solution treatment and aging (STA) on the microstructure and mechanical properties of a new low cost titanium alloy used in aviation field were investigated by optical microscope (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and tensile test. The results show that a typical equiaxed structure can be obtained by common solution treatment leading to a good combination of strength and plasticity. Besides, solution heat treating in the β region and subsequently ageing at a low temperature results in a significant increase in mechanical strength and a little decrease in plasticity. When the solution temperature is at α+β two-phase region (895), the low cost titanium alloy acquires the best combination of strength and ductility.


Introduction: The present study was carried out to examine the effectiveness of Mindfulness-based Cognitive therapy versus Group Behavioral therapy on residual symptoms in Recurrent Depression. Method: It was a pretest-posttest study in which 40 patients suffering from recurrent major depression with residual symptoms were randomly assigned to either MBCT or CBT groups. Data collection was done using Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), Ruminative Responses Scale (RRS), and Dysfunctional Attitude Scale (DAS). Results: The results of MANCOVA supported the effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral therapy in residual depression, dysfunctional attitudes, and the cognitive subscale in BDI-II. On the other hand, Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy was shown to be more effective in reducing rumination. Conclusion: In sum, it is proposed that a combination of CBT and MBCT could be more effective in the case of residual depression, dysfunctional attitudes, and rumination than each of them alone.


For observing the excellent persistency and ideal curl shape according to reducing agent`s quantity and rate of permanent wave lotion, I made permanent wave lotion containing reducing agent, 100% MTG (Monoethanolamine Thioglycolate), Thioglycolic acid and Systein 2:1 (g/g), Thioglycolic acid and Cystein 1:2 (g/g) and Permanent wave lotion with 100% Cystein. The result of permanent wave to healthy hair and dyed hair with each permanent wave lotion, If you applied same reducing agent, the more they were leaved alone or the temperature gets higher, there made a high ridge on healthy hair, and you could see the excellent persistency on ideal curl shape. Although there were similar shape on dyed hair, the more the time passes or temperature gets higher, the curls on dyed hair lengthened or get dried.


Traditional stereo reconstruction techniques, based on point correspondences and estimation of the cameras from the fundamental matrix, introduce a four-fold ambiguity. Moreover, there is a projective ambiguity inherent in the fundamental matrix. We show that a symmetric object can be modeled, even under partial occlusion, by a pair of uncalibrated stereo images. This implies that, unlike traditional stereo algorithms, we can extract 3D information from two arbitrary viewpoints, even when there is no left-to-right point correspondences. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the method, we present experimental results on both synthetic and real images.


In this paper, we report a high-frequency photoacoustic sensing (PAS) probe design consisting of an optical fiber for light delivery and two silicon acoustic delay lines (SADLs) for detecting/relaying the PA signals. A beveled tip is formed at the distal end of the optical fiber to overlap the illumination region with the detection zone of the SADLs. Detected PA signals are transmitted through the SADLs with low loss at frequencies up to 17 MHz. For demonstration, a prototype PAS probe using SADLs is designed, fabricated, and tested. Testing results show that the PAS probe provides superior sensitivity with considerable high-frequency improvement.


Here we report a novel Arabidopsis dwarf mutant, fackel-J79, whose adult morphology resembles that of brassinosteroid-deficient mutants but also displays distorted embryos, supernumerary cotyledons, multiple shoot meristems, and stunted roots. We cloned the FACKEL gene and found that it encodes a protein with sequence similarity to both the human sterol reductase family and yeast C-14 sterol reductase and is preferentially expressed in actively growing cells. Biochemical analysis indicates that the fk-J79 mutation results in deficient C-14 sterol reductase activity, abnormal sterol composition, and reduction of brassinosteroids (BRs). Unlike other BR-deficient mutants, the defect of hypocotyl elongation in fk-J79 cannot be corrected by exogenous BRs. The unique phenotypes and sterol composition in fk-J79 indicate crucial roles of sterol regulation and signaling in cell division and cell expansion in embryonic and post-embryonic development in plants.


When performing solute transport in porous media one often observes an asymmetric break-through curve with a very slow decline of the concentration. This phenomenon even appears with non-sorbing solutes and is known as tailing. There are several hypotheses to explain this phenomenon. The modelling is often done using the mobile-immobile model (MIM), which assumes that parts of the solvent are not moving along with the general flow. The solutes can move into these stagnant zones by diffusion which leads to the observed tailing. In this thesis it is checked whether tailing can indeed be explained by stagnant zones, which may result e.g. from dead-end pores or pores perpendicular to the direction of the flow. A program to simulate transport in porous media was developed and verified using several test-problems. An example calculation with a randomly generated porous medium was performed. The resulting break-through curves showed significant tailing.


A multiresidue analysis of 39 pesticides has been developed, as a rapid screening method for pesticide residues in vegetable samples. Gas chromatography with a) cold on column injection, DB-608 megabore column and nitrogen-phosphorus detection (NPD) and b) splitless injection, SE-52 capillary column and electron capture detection (ECD) was employed for the separation and identification of 15 compounds sensitive to NPD and 24 sensitive to ECD. The extraction methods included blending of small sample quantity with organic solvent, filtration and concentration. The method's accuracy and precision were assessed in tomato matrix. Twelve target compounds, that are mainly used in the tomato cultivation in Greece, were selected from the 39 pesticides for this purpose, 6 of them sensitive to NPD and 6 sensitive to ECD. The recovery values for the NPD-sensitive compounds were 92.0-108.5% with relative standard deviations 0.6-8.4%, while recoveries for the ECD-sensitive compounds were 82.9-97.8% with relative standard deviations 0.81-14.8%. The estimated limits of detection for all studied compounds were between 0.001 and 0.0 mg/kg.


Understanding the nature of the excitation spectrum in quantum spin liquids is of fundamental importance, in particular for the experimental detection of candidate materials. However, current theoretical and numerical techniques have limited capabilities, especially in obtaining the dynamical structure factor, which gives a crucial characterization of the ultimate nature of the quantum state and may be directly assessed by inelastic neutron scattering. In this work, we investigate the low-energy properties of the $S=1/2$ Heisenberg model on the triangular lattice, including both nearest-neighbor $J_1$ and next-nearest-neighbor $J_2$ super-exchanges, by a dynamical variational Monte Carlo approach that allows accurate results on spin models. For $J_2=0$, our calculations are compatible with the existence of a well-defined magnon in the whole Brillouin zone, with gapless excitations at $K$ points (i.e., at the corners of the Brillouin zone). The strong renormalization of the magnon branch (also including roton-like minima around the $M$ points, i.e., midpoints of the border zone) is described by our Gutzwiller-projected state, where Abrikosov fermions are subject to a non-trivial magnetic $\pi$-flux threading half of the triangular plaquettes. When increasing the frustrating ratio $J_2/J_1$, we detect a progessive softening of the magnon branch at $M$, which eventually becomes gapless within the spin-liquid phase. This feature is captured by the band structure of the unprojected wave function (with $2$ Dirac points for each spin component). In addition, we observe an intense signal at low energies around the $K$ points, which cannot be understood within the unprojected picture and emerges only when the Gutzwiller projection is considered, suggesting the relevance of gauge fields for the low-energy physics of spin liquids.


The DSL ribozyme, a class of artificial ligase ribozymes, has a highly modular architecture, which catalyzes template‐directed RNA ligation on a helical substrate that can be either covalently connected (cis‐DSL) or physically separated (trans‐DSL) from the catalytic module. Substrate recognition by the catalytic module is promoted by one or two sets of GNRA/receptor interactions acting as clamps in the cis or trans configurations, respectively.


Objectives : The present study attempts to evaluate the clinical and observational features of lichen planus in Mosul province. Patients and methods: To fulfill the aim of the study, a cross-sectional descriptive study is utilized in Dermatology Clinic at Ibn Sina Teaching Hospital in Mosul, Iraq from January 2018 to January 2020. This study recruited two hundred and forty-two cases suffering from various clinical signs of lichen planus. A clinical diagnosis of lichen planus was made, affirmed through biopsy and histopathology in suspected cases. Results : Lichen planus comprised approximately 0.35% of the cases visiting the dermatological outpatient clinic. The mean ± SD age of the patients was 39.2 ± 15.4 years (ranging from 12 to87 years), with a ratio of male to female 1:1.1. The classical type was the most typical kind of lichen planus detected in 126 (52.06%), whereas the actinic kind was (15.28%), hypertrophic type (7.85%). The upper extremities were changed in 114 cases. In contrast, the lower extremities were affected in 116 patients. The itching was presented by 156 (64.46%) patients who suffered from severe pruritus. The intensity of itching based on PVAS was 7.2±2.1. Conclusion : Lichen planus is regarded as a prevalent papulosquamous skin condition in Mosul city. The majority of concerned cases are middle age. The classical type is the most typical one, followed by the actinic sort.


Presents the new techniques leading to the improvements in aerodynamics of 200MW steam turbine high pressure cylinder and mid pressure cylinder, discusses the rear loaded profile and blade bowing, and concludes from numerical simulation and experimental results that the application of rear loaded profile and blade bowing has improved the performance of 200 MW unit.


Explanation and supporting information related to map that shows mid-nineteenth century township grid, railroads, canals, roads, counties, areas of Native American habitation, mining activity, cities, towns, and notable physical features in the upper mid-western United States.


Graph-theoretic algorithms are developed for determining generic causality and controllability of structured descriptor systems (SDS's). For the case of nonsingular E , a completely graph-theoretic characterization of generic controllability of SDS's is developed. The case of singular E is partially resolved, with graph-theoretic characterization of necessary conditions and sufficient conditions for generic causality and controllability developed separately. Although not stated explicitly, these results can be easily translated into a graph-theoretic algorithm to test for generic observability of SDS's.


,The U.S. Supreme Court libel decision in Gertz v. Robert Welch, Inc.1 was viewed by some as a setback2 for the press and by others as a press victory.3 Subsequent developments a t the Supreme Court level seem to have proven both groups correct. In the two decades that the Court has been plotting the constitutional dimension to libel, it has displaced much of a rich heritage of common law4 while exacerbating the confusion5 and drawing much judicial attention to an area the press now may wish had been ignored.6 Throughout both common law and constitutional consideration of libel, though, a somewhat vague notion of "public interest" often has directed decision making. The purpose here is to trace the public interest concept in libel to the time of Gertz, which supposedly rejected it, and beyond, demonstrating that the problem many free press advocates associate with Gertz is really a consequence of the public-interest test those same advocates cherish. However, a recent evolution in application of the public-interest test a t the state court level in a manner consistent with Gertz will be noted, yielding the conclusion that the Gerrz decision may have more to recommend it than many free press advocates have acknowledged. Fair comment on matters of public interest was not the only common-law libel privilege7 invoking public interest as its


The plant kingdom is colonized by a diverse array of endophytic bacteria which form non-pathogenic relationships with their hosts. When beneficial, such associations can stimulate plant growth, increase disease resistance, improve the plant's ability to withstand environmental stresses (e.g. drought), or enhance N 2 fixation. Crop sequences can favour the build-up of advantageous associations of bacterial endophyte populations leading to the development and maintenance of beneficial host-endophyte allelopathies. Utilization of rhizobacteria in sustainable crop production systems will require strategies to create and maintain beneficial bacterial populations within crops (endophytes) and as well in the soils surrounding those crops. © 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.


Abstract : The report summarizes the month's activities in the areas of Systems Engineering, System Support, System Integration and Test, System Management, Human Factors Engineering, Reliability, and Quality Assurance.


ALTHOUGH MANY OBSERVATIONS HAVE BEEN MADE ON INTERVEHICLE HEADWAYS AND TRAFFIC VOLUMES, IT IS IMPORTANT TO IMPROVE THE THEORETICAL BASES FOR PREDICTING A NUMBER OF FLOW AND DENSITY CHARACTERISTICS FROM A LIMITED NUMBER OF OBSERVATIONS. WHEREAS CONSIDERABLE ATTENTION HAS BEEN GIVEN TO THE THEORETICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION OF THE STATISTICAL DISTRIBUTIONS OF INTERVEHICLE SPACINGS, THERE HAS BEEN MUCH LESS INFORMATION AVAILABLE ABOUT THE DISCRETE COUNTING DISTRIBUTIONS. THE PRINCIPAL EFFORT HAS BEEN DEVOTED TO POISSON-LIKE COUNTING DISTRIBUTIONS. THE PURPOSE OF THIS PAPER IS TO REVIEW AND PRESENT COUNTING DISTRIBUTIONS WHICH TAKE INTO ACCOUNT TWO FUNDAMENTAL CHARACTERISTICS OF MEDIUM-AND HIGH-DENSITY TRAFFIC FLOWS: (1) PLATOONING OR BUNCHING, AND (2) MINIMUM SPACING, JAM- DENSITY OF THE SO-CALLED MAXIMUM-PACK SITUATIONS. THESE COUNTING DISTRIBUTIONS ARE DERIVED FROM INTERVEHICLE SPACING DISTRIBUTIONS, WHICH HAVE BEEN STUDIED BOTH THEORETICALLY AND EXPERIMENTALLY. IN THE LOW-DENSITY OR LOW-FLOW CASE IT IS SHOWN THAT THESE DISTRIBUTIONS HAVE THE LIMITS OF THE WELL-KNOWN POISSON CASE. /AUTHOR/


Bima Wear was originally established in 1969, by Sister Eucharia of the Catholic Church Mission on Bathurst Island. The purpose was to make clothing for the locals. In 1975, Bima Wear moved to a larger building and began using the printed textiles made by the men in Tiwi Design. By 1976 fourteen women were producing 300 garments each week. Bima Wear was incorporated in 1978 and over the years has increased its turnover to 17,000 garments per year. Most of the garments were sold in the Top End of Australia. In 1982 screen-printing was introduced and garments were sold direct from the factory showroom.
By the end of the 1980s Bima Wear was a successful business. In 1990 they exhibited hand-painted silks and prints on paper at the Powerhouse Museum, Sydney. Their work also travelled from 1989-90 in the touring exhibition Australian Fashion: The Contemporary Art of Dress. (Desart, 2000: 84)
The fabrics produced at Bima Wear feature the: …ancient symbols, structures, family and environmental representations which are central to their culture…
The two main artists-screen-printers are Fiona Kerinauia and Theresa Munkanome. They supervise the other women and trainees in artwork, manufacturing of screens and printing.
In 1987 Bima Wear designed and printed the vestments worn by Pope John Paul during his visit to the Northern Territory. (Bima Wear)


5158 Background: Inhibition of the COX-2 enzyme has become a new and controversial target for combination chemotherapy in recent years. Equally as disputed is the effectiveness of hyperthermic chemotherapy as a treatment for ovarian cancer. The purpose of this study is two-fold 1) determine if the addition of NSAID to taxane chemotherapy enhances cytotoxicity 2) determine if the addition of hyperthermia to this combination treatment has an added effect. Methods: The human ovarian carcinoma cell line, 2008, were seeded in 96-well plates and allowed to attach. Following temperature equilibration in a CO2 incubator for 30 minutes at 37, 41 or 43°C, cells were treated with docetaxel (DTX) or paclitaxel (PTX) (1.25–160 nM) in the presence and absence of NS-398 (NS) or sulindac sulfide (SS) (1–40 μM). The plates were returned to their respective temperature for 1 hour. Cytotoxicity was measured by a CellTiter 96 AQueous Non-Radioactive Cell Proliferation Assay. Cellular proliferation was measured at 72 hours by...


The invention select a power suitable for the shape and the operating voltage is a variety of different kinds of portable electronic apparatus of the power input to relates to a universal power supply apparatus which can supply, with only selection of a suitable tip conforming to the portable electronic devices to be used is capable of conversion of the voltage supplied to the power supply is provided. Power supply apparatus according to the present invention is configured to include a tip that includes a main unit including an electronic circuit that converts the voltage supplied, cable unit, and a selection pin. Universal power supply apparatus according to the invention, simply by selecting a proper tip according to the electronic device because it is necessary power supply voltage is the structure that automatically adjusts to the manufacturing cost is reduced, and the tip of by changing various kinds of portable electronic it can be used in the device has the effect that its operation is very convenient. Universal power supply apparatus, the tip, the select pin, the output selection unit, the main unit


This study was conducted to determine the extent and law of phenotypic variations of Malus baccata(L.) Borkh.Based on 150 exsiccatas-specimen,Twenty phenotypic traits were chosen.The method of primary parameter analysis and UPGMA cluster analysis were used for analysis of metrical data.The results showed that the traits stability of fruit was higher than that of leaf.The average CV of fruit and leaf phenotypic traits was 20.7% and 32.67% respectively.In the leaf traits,the CV of footstalk length phenotypic traits and Leaf width place/leaf length phenotypic traits was the biggest(38%) and the smallest CV(13.29%) respectively.In fruit traits,the CV of apple maximal diameter place/apple handle length and apple length/apple maximal diameter was the biggest(29.37%) and the smallest CV(13.10%) respectively.The 10 provincial populations in which M.baccata(L.) Borkh.distributed could be classified into five groups in five threshold value of average euclidean distance.Those could also be divided into three groups in six threshold value of average Euclidean distance according to the UPGMA cluster analysis.


Benzonitrile p-nitrobenzylide (5) undergoes 1,3-dipolar cyclo-additions in the presence of 3-phenyl-2H-azirines (1), yielding in benzene at 0° 2-(p-nitrophenyl)-4,5-diphenyl-1,3-diazabicyclo[3.1.0]hex-3-enes (7, scheme 2). Under the basic conditions of the reaction mixture, 7 a and 7 b are partially converted to 2-(p-nitrophenyl)-4,5-diphenyl-1,6-dihydropyrimidines (8a, b) which are dehydrogenated by oxygen to the corresponding pyrimidines 9a and 9b, respectively.

3-Phenyl-2H-azirines (1) form, on heating at 145° in xylene in the presence of the azalactone 32 (2,4-diphenyl-Δ2-oxazolin-5-one), 4-(aziridin-2′-yl)-2,4-diphenyl-Δ2-oxazolin-5-ones (33, scheme 11). 33 arises from an ene reaction of the enol form of 32 with 1. Similar ene reactions are observed with the azirines 1 and dimedone (37, scheme 12). Under the ene reaction conditions (xylene, 145°), the non-isolated intermediate primary adducts (38a and 38b) undergo rearrangements of the vinylcyclopane-cyclopentene type to give 6,6-dimethyl-4-oxo-1,3-diphenyl-4, 5, 6, 7-tetrahydroisoindole (40) and 6, 6-dimethyl-4-oxo-3-phenyl-4, 5, 6, 7-tetrahedroindole (42), respectively.


Since ancient time, pulses are a fundamental component of the global cropping system after cereals and oilseeds particularly in the Indian context. The dal which is a necessary constituent of human diets in India is actually the pulse grains in the form of splits as a rich protein resource (pulses protein content 20 30%). A dietary mixture of cereals and pulses together provides an advanced biological value, than their sole consumption. The global pulse production accounts for 61.5 million ton expanding over an area of 70.6 million hectare with an average productivity of 806 kg ha -1 . India has a total area of 29 million International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 9 Number 12 (2020) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com


This thesis aims to find out the magnitude of the influence of marketing mix to the Debtor on the Loyalty of PT. Bank Perkreditan Rakyat Nusantara Bona Pasogit 12 in Serpong. The methods used in this research is quantitative descriptive survey method with the korelasional approach that aims to analyze the influence of free and bound variables, with the techniques of examining a sample of part of the population. The Data used is primary data. The results showed that simultaneously the indicator product, Office Networks, promotion, pricing, HUMAN RESOURCES, physical evidence and simultaneously Process a significant effect against the debtor Loyalty satisfaction BPR. BPR products partially affect the loyalty of Debtors was significantly, partially BPR office network does not affect the debtor's Loyalty, promotions partially also does not affect the loyalty of the debtor, the price partially affect the loyalty of Debtors was significantly partially, HR affect the loyalty of Debtors was significantly partially Physical, the evidence did not affect the debtor's Loyalty, and the process of partially affect the loyalty of the debtor in a significant way.

Keywords: Marketing Mix, The Loyalty Of The Debtor.


Wild brackish water bivalves, Corbicula japonica, were collected weekly from the Ishikari River (salinity 0.2-1.4 psu) from July to September in 2001 to discover the spawning season of this species. Two other C. japonica specimens, a wild bivalve from the Ishikari River and an introduced seed-bivalve inhabiting Lake Abashiri which were reared in a tank adjusted to salinity 5 psu were also sampled in the same period. All specimens were measured and the ovarian maturity was examined by using the smear method. The soft part index (soft part weight •~ 100 / total weight) and ovarian observations indicated that spawning of wild bivalves and reared wild bivalves was from late July to early September. Spawning of the reared seed-bivalve was from late August to early September. Thus, spawning of C. japonica in the Ishikari River is from late July to early September. During the spawning season, unspawned degenerated eggs were observed frequently, which seemed to be because of the unfavorable spawning conditions caused by low water temperature and the inherent low salinity in the summer of 2001. Spawning in the river is presumed to take place under extreme conditions, especially at low salinity.


Leo Ornstein. Quintette for Piano and Strings, op. 92. Edited by Denise Von Glahn and Michael Broyles. Middleton, WI: Published for the American Musicological Society by A-R Editions, Inc., c2005. (Recent Researches in American Music, 51.) (Music of the United States of America, 13.) [Frontispiece (Leo Ornstein, ca. 1920); foreword (Richard Crawford), p. vii; acknowledgments, p. ix; essay "Leo Ornstein and American Modernism," p. xi-xxxix; 4 plates; score, 226 p.; apparatus, p. 227-44. ISBN 0-89579-570-1. $125 (score); $42 (parts).] The name of Leo Ornstein (1893-2002) is unlikely to be familiar to most musicians and music lovers. Yet, as the editors of this new volume in Music of the United States of America (MUSA) note at the start of their introductory essay, he was "between 1910 and 1920 . . . perhaps the most notorious musician in America. His fame rested on his skill as a pianist who played both the standard concert repertoire and the latest from Europe, as well as his own radical compositions, which shocked, bewildered, and excited audiences" (p. xi). Indeed, Ornstein's case is a salutary reminder of the degree to which the path from celebrity and notoriety to anonymity and invisibility is not a phenomenon restricted solely to our own post-Warholian age of media hype and fifteen-minute fame. By the time he was twenty-five, Ornstein "was already the subject of a full-length biography" (by no less an author than Frederick Martens-Leo Ornstein: The Man, His Ideas, His Work [New York: Breitkopf & Hartel, 1918; reprint, New York: Arno Press, 1975]) and "was compared favorably to Schoenberg and Stravinsky" (p. xi). Yet although "Ornstein never abandoned composing, at least during his first 100 years" (p. xxiv), between roughly 1930 and 1975 he in effect disappeared from public view, to the extent that in 1977 Vivian Perlis had to travel to a mobile home park in Brownsville, Texas, to conduct a videotape interview with the composer. "As the crew prepared for the 'shoot,' elderly people straggled out of nearby trailers, wondering whether a murder had been committed!" (Perlis five years previously had conducted audio interviews with Ornstein at his son's house in Boston; see Vivian Perlis and Libby Van Cleve, Composers' Voices from Ives to Ellington: An Oral History of American Music [New Haven: Yale University Press, 2005], 78-79.) This is not the place to conduct a postmortem on the reasons for Ornstein's descent into obscurity-indeed, a conclusive coroner's report will be readily available when Michael Broyles's and Denise Von Glahn's authoritative biography of the composer is published in the near future; but it is the place (if one were needed) to praise Broyles, Von Glahn, and the MUSA team for having the courage to shepherd into print, for the first time, Ornstein's extraordinary Quintette for Piano and Strings, op. 92, written in the mid-1920s. The work was commissioned by Elizabeth Sprague Coolidge, and first performed in Philadelphia on 1 January 1928. The concert, sponsored by the Society for Contemporary Music, also featured music by Maurice Ravel (Tzigane) and Bela Bartok (the Second Violin Sonata and String Quartet), with the latter composer, then undertaking an American tour, in attendance. Subsequently, there were further performances in New York and elsewhere through the 1930s, with Ornstein on each occasion tackling the formidably difficult piano part. …


FIELD: oil and gas extractive industry. SUBSTANCE: in accordance to method, well is prepared, casing string is lowered into it, drill mud is removed from annular space by means of replacing it with buffer liquid with following replacement of buffer liquid by forcing cementing solution into tubular hollow and its following forcing into annular space of well with pressurization of circular space between casing string and walls of well borehole. Casing string is subjected to vibration effect with frequency equal to or divisible by resonance frequency of casing string at stages of removal of drill mud from annular space and its replacement with buffer liquid, filling of well borehole with cementing solution with its following forcing into annular space and during stiffening stage of cementing solution. For accelerated growth of durability and for fast restoration of structural connections in cementing solution at last stage intensiveness of vibration effect is decreased. Device contains vibration excitation device built on above-ground section of casing string, frequency transformer for powering the vibration excitation device and basic frequency generator for controlling aforementioned frequency transformer. Vibration excitation device consist of two unbalance electromechanical vibrators, made with parallel shafts with possible opposite rotation, mounted on above-ground section of casing string immediately below cementing head by means of vertically positioned supporting plates enveloping the casing pipe. EFFECT: increased cementing quality. 2 cl, 2 dwg


Yacht charters in Crete and sailing holidays in Crete are now available to the worldwide market in the best price by www.yachts-sailing.com


How common is spontaneous pregnancy after IVF resulting in livebirth? How can this evidence inform future pregnancy planning by women who have successful IVF?

 Current evidence suggests that spontaneous pregnancy occurs in at least one in five women in the first three years after having a baby via IVF.

 It is known that some women having IVF go on to conceive naturally. This reproductive history is of media interest often described as "miracle" pregnancies (1). Women with this experience also identify themselves as a rarity, and their subsequent pregnancies include rapid-repeat, unplanned and unwelcomed pregnancies (2).

 An initial scoping review revealed few, heterogeneous studies reporting rates of spontaneous pregnancy or livebirth after successful IVF. These studies suggested that this event is not rare, prompting this first systematic review and meta-analysis. This aims to identify, appraise and synthesise the current evidence on the rate of spontaneous pregnancy after successful IVF.

 Ovid Medline, Embase and PsycINFO were searched on 24/09/2021 using a strategy containing thesaurus and free text terms for the concepts of spontaneous pregnancy, assisted reproduction and livebirth. The search was limited to English language, human studies and publications from 1980. Results were de-duplicated and managed in EndNote, screened by title/abstract and then full text. Random-effects meta-analyses were used to produce a pooled effect estimate of the incidence of spontaneous pregnancy after IVF livebirth.

 1108 distinct references were identified, reducing to 54 when screened by title and abstract. On evaluation of full text, 11 studies were included in this review. Rates of spontaneous pregnancy after IVF livebirth ranged from 10-33% of women. However, studies varied widely according to methodology, population, cause of subfertility, type and outcome of fertility treatment and length of follow-up. Different covariates were investigated and inconsistently found to be associated with spontaneous conception after IVF including younger age, shorter duration of subfertility, fewer number of treatment cycles prior to first delivery and specific causes of subfertility (unexplained, no male factor). The pooled estimate for the rate of spontaneous pregnancy after IVF livebirth was 19% (95% CI, 16%-22%). The pooled estimate was robust when stratifying by IVF/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), outcome measure and follow up period. It is a likely underestimate as some studies reported on livebirths (i.e. excluding adverse pregnancy outcomes) and did not include spontaneous births that occurred outside of the study region. Moreover, no studies gave due consideration to contraception, plannedness of pregnancies, change in partner, nor serial spontaneous pregnancies in the same woman.

 The current evidence is relatively scarce and diverse. Sample sizes are typically small with only two studies of over a thousand women. Better evidence, in the form of national, data-linked studies, is needed to provide more accurate estimates of this rate, analysis of associated factors and trends over time.

 These findings refute a widely held misconception that spontaneous pregnancy after IVF livebirth is a rare phenomenon. They should be used to counsel women having babies via IVF and inform their decision-making regarding the timing and mode of conception of future pregnancies and contraception use.

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PURPOSE: An apparatus and a method for providing a shortening service in a portable electronic device are provided to shorten an application program driving service in consideration of a shortening service button and a shortening service gesture. CONSTITUTION: An input unit (110) includes at least one button. A sensing module (102) senses a movement of a portable electronic device. In case an input of a shortening service button and a shortening service gesture are sensed through the input unit and the sensing module, a control unit (100) performs a mapping service to the shortening service button and the shortening service gesture. The control unit drives an application program which is mapped to the shortening service button and the shortening service gesture. [Reference numerals] (100) Control unit; (102) Sensing module; (104) Communication unit; (106) Storage unit; (108) Audio processing unit; (110) Input unit; (112) Display unit


DIFFERENCES IN JOB EXPECTATIONS, SATISFACTIONS, AND REWARDS BETWEEN WHITE AND BLACK MIDDLE MANAGERS IN URBAN HEALTH CARE ORGANIZATIONS MAY, 1991 CAROLE F. HYSMITH, B.A., COLLEGE OF NEW ROCHELLE M.A. , COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY Ed.D., UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS Directed by: Professor Norma Jean Anderson The problem that was addressed in this study were differences in job expectations, rewards, perceived criteria for promotion, and relations with supervisors and staff among black and white middle-level managers in health care. Assessments on the influences of perceived expectations on job satisfaction, satisfaction with rewards, and selfperceived job performance were conducted. The sample included 153 middle-level managers from hospitals and health agencies in the United States. The sample consisted of 104 (68.0%) females and 49 (32.0%) males. Ninety-one (59.5%) respondents were white, 51 (33.3%) were African-American, and 11 (7.2%) were of other racial or ethnic origins.


Burn ICUs have among the most stringent design criteria for patient rooms in hospital design. Communication between the architect designing the room layout and the mechanical engineer designing the ventilation system is critical to ensure that their design converge to meet the tight comfort criteria. The Computational Fluid Dynamic analysis played an important part in this process for a University Medical Center, and a physical test of the final set-up confirmed the design and validated the CFD model. In a Burn ICU, the patient is weak and sensitive due the high body surface temperature caused by the burns. To ensure comfort for the patient, strict design criteria are to be met for both air speeds and temperatures. Velocity at the patient is not to exceed 50fpm (0.25m/s), and the environmental temperature around the patient is to be kept at 70 degrees Fahrenheit plus or minus 2 degrees (21.1 degrees C ± 1 degree C) in cooling mode. It is the role of the mechanical engineer to ensure that these criteria are achieved inside the Burn ICU. Therefore communication with the architect who designs the room layout is crucial. The Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis played a very important part in facilitating the communication with the architect. Several design configurations were modeled and investigated to optimize layout and ensure that comfort criteria are still maintained. The results from the modeling helped provide a visual tool that the mechanical engineer could use to convey the alternatives to the architect about the position of the supply grilles and radiant panels and the effect on the flow and temperature patterns. Finally, a physical test was carried out to confirm the final set-up of the Burn ICU. The CFD analysis enabled to restrict the number of tests to be carried out, ensuring faster testing and suppression of unnecessary tests. The results between the CFD analysis and the physical tests are being compared to further the validation of the numerical method. The two techniques helped to design a better room for the patient.


Staphylococcal 7-hemolysin consists of two protein components, F (or H7I) and H71I. To elucidate the mode of action of 7-hemo]ysin, we studied the binding order of F and H7II to human erythrocytes and the cell-bound state of the two components. The binding of F to human erythrocytes preceded the binding of H7II te the ceals, and thereafter hemolysis occurred. Western immunoblot analysis of the cell-bound 7-hemolysin indieated that F and H7II components form high-molecular-mass (150-250 kDa) complexes on theerythrocytes.Thetoxincomp]exeswerereceyeredinaTritonX-1OO-insolublefractionoftheerythrocytes, which contnims cytoskeleton proteins. Neither the formation of the toxin complex(es) nor hemolysis eccurred when the erythrocytes were treated with proteinase K. Abortion of the complex formation on the proteinase K-treated erythroc)'tes may be due to the fai}ure of the binding of Hvll to the cells, because F bound to the preteinase K-treated erythrocytes to the same extent as to the non-treated erythrocytes.


The idea that general principles of international law can play an important role in constructing the legal framework for sovereigns acting in the area of international finance is hardly a new one. As early as 1964 - when the international financial architecture as we know it today was still in statu nascendi - Friedmann noted that states were increasingly acting like private parties in their international financial relations. This development has gained significant momentum since those days, so that there are no general objections against transfer of principles derived from domestic insolvency laws to sovereign debt reorganisation. However, the development of a debt reorganisation system for sovereigns derived from general principles of international law would have to be possible in technical terms. Assuming that this obstacle can be overcome, the next step in finding general principles for such an insolvency system for sovereigns is to select the relevant legal systems.Keywords: domestic insolvency laws; insolvency system; international finance; international financial architecture; international law; legal framework; sovereign debt reorganisation; sovereigns


Objective To investigate the numbers of corpus luteum and ovarian follicles and compare the levels of serum prolactin(PRL),luteinizing hormone(LH),follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH) and estradiol(E2) in different phases of estrus cycle in female gerbils. Methods Consecutively taking vaginal smears of the gerbils and directly examined under light microscope to distinguish the four phases of the estrus cycle. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was used to histological examination of the gerbil ovaries,and to detect the levels of serum PRL,LH,FSH and E2 by ELISA assay during estrus cycle. Results The proportion of cornified vaginal exfolliated cells could be the basis to distinguish fourphases respectively: proestrus,oestrus,metoestrus,and dioestrus. Moreover,there were no significant differences between the numbers of ovarian follicles in different phases of estrus cycle. The numbers of corpus luteum in preoestrus were significantly lower than that in the other phases of estrus cycle(P 0. 05). The levels of serum PRL and LH were increasing constantly from preoestrus to dioestrus,and both reached a peak at dioestrus(P 0. 05). The levels of serum FSH and E2 both peaked at preoestrus,and were significantly higher than those at oestrus,metoestrus and dioestrus(P 0. 05). Conclusions There are no significant differences between the numbers of ovarian follicles in different phases of estrus cycle. Gonadotropin,prolactin and estradiol paly important roles in the regulation of estrous cycle. The phases during which surges of FSH and E2 occur in Mongolian gerbils are similar to those of rats and mice,while the PRL and LH are different. Our findings provide further reference to the study of reproductive physiology of Mongolian gerbils.


Fast optical tracking and demultiplexing of DPSK/DQPSK/QAM polarization channels was hitherto limited to a fairly fixed optical input power. With APD photoreceivers used for residual interference detection, we demonstrate a 7...9-dB optical level tolerance.


Originally founded as the library of the British Museum, the British Library has since 1973 been the United Kingdom's national library, and has increasingly played a leadership role in co-operation and the co-ordination of library services in this country. Responses to its 1998 Strategic Review emphasised the importance of the Library's collections in underpinning its services to support scholarship and research. But the Library is no longer able to collect as extensively as in its early years. As part of the new partnership programme intended to optimise national provision the Library is keen to work closely with ARLIS/UK & Ireland, and with the institutions with collections of national importance in the visual arts, to identify research needs and patterns of use and to establish ways of collecting, preserving and providing access to material to meet those needs.


Ordered CuSe1−xSx nanosheets (NSs) with a superstructure were successfully synthesized via a facile solvothermal route. The ordered CuSe1−xSx NSs electrodes exhibit a long cycle life and good rate performance.


Abstract An analysis is presented of low-level trajectory data obtained by means of constant level balloon flights from Cape Hatteras, N.C., during September and October 1959. An approximately constant floating level was obtained by flying the nearly constant volume Mylar balloons (tetroons) with an internal superpressure of about 100 mb. The metalized tetroons were positioned a t 1-min. intervals by means of a manually operated SP–1M radar. From knowledge of these positions, overlapping 5-min. average velocities were determined for flight durations of up to 5 hr. On some of the flights the radar return was enhanced by the addition of a radar reflective mesh to the tetroon. With the addition of this mesh, flights at altitudes of less than 5,000 ft. were tracked as far as 92 n. mi. from the radar, or approximately to the radar horizon. Spectral analysis of the velocity data obtained from the four best flights shows some evidence for a (Lagrangian) wind speed periodicity of 26-min. period, a vertical motion...


By comparing the Schottky diodes of different area and perimeter, reverse gate leakage current of AlGaN/GaN high mobility transistors (HEMT) at gate bias beyond threshold voltage is studied. It is revealed that reverse current consists of area-related and perimeter-related current. An analytical model of electric field calculation is proposed to obtain the average electric field around the gate edge at high revers bias and estimate the effective range of edge leakage current. When the reverse bias increases, the increment of electric field is around the gate edge of a distance of ΔL, and perimeter-related gate edge current keeps increasing. By using the calculated electric field and the temperature-dependent current-voltage measurements, the edge gate leakage current mechanism is found to be Fowler-Nordheim tunneling at gate bias bellows -15V caused by the lateral extended depletion region induced barrier thinning. Effective range of edge current of Schottky diodes is about hundred to several hundred nano-meters, and is different in different shapes of Schottky diodes.


This paper presents a way to reconstruct three-dimensional tree models based on point clouds from terrestrial LiDAR (TLiDAR). To input data of fixed format into AutoCAD and 3DMAX to reconstruct models through LiDAR scanning software, with an advantage of that, we can use general software to reconstruct tree model from point clouds; the model is accurate and relatively insensitive to occlusion-induced artifacts with less interference, and any part of the volume size could be taken. The result of the method confirms the appropriateness of the proposed tree reconstruction model for the generation of structurally of existing plant, be able to meet the requirements of 3D green biomass and biomass calculations.


Background: Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease is a condition in which the contents of the stomach are refluxed from the stomach to the esophagus, which is not only uncomfortable for the patient


Aged (n=33) and middle-aged (n-33) Ss were compared on a digit symbol substitution task under three conditions of verbal feedback incentive: praise, reproof, and neutral comment. Elderly Ss appeared to show decrement while middle-aged Ss showed increment under the censure condition. Elderly Ss showed early gains with praise but these were not significantly sustained through later trials as compared to controls. An analysis of "fast" and "slow" responders suggested that the fast-responding aged showed greatest decrement with censure while the middle-aged slow responders showed a tendency toward an increment with censure.


Abstract This article highlights a growing confusion between two recent movements: retro-futurism and steampunk. While these each involve visual representations of the past and future, they can be distinguished by their modes of production. Both avant-garde and popular approaches to futurism are considered, and measured against ideas of retro-futurism and steampunk. The latter's manifestation within a culture of tinkering, DIY, and craft are contrasted with retro-futurism's characterization as a detached sensibility that mourns the lost belief in progress. While steampunks celebrate "making" and often build strong ethical claims for their work, the movement's engagement with craft traditions is generally under-theorized; ultimately, in its lack of self-reflectivity, steampunk provides a mirror for our shifting understanding of craft, human agency, and the global implications of making in the early twenty-first century.


The purpose of the work is to calculate the stress-strain state of the III-type road, as well as to determine the load factor for road pavement and roadbed. A model of non-rigid road pavement consisting of 4 layers is considered: dense-graded asphalt concrete, open-graded asphalt concrete, gravel roadbed, ground roadbed (silt sandy loam). A numerical code is developed for calculating the principal physical and mechanical parameters of road pavement. C++ is used as a programming language. A method of evaluating the shear resistance of roadbed is proposed. To calculate the load factor of roadbed, the Drucker-Prager strength criterion is used without the term responsible for the intensity of tangential stress. A T-90 tank fitted with special rubber track pads is considered to be a static load. The computations reveal the maximum vertical deflection, equal to 0.004 m, in the contact area of the tracks. In the same area, the load factor of road pavement is 9 ÷ 10, which indicates a high bearing capacity of dense-graded asphalt concrete. The analysis of shear resistance shows the presence of irreversible deformations in gravel roadbed in the contact area of the tracks, while the load factor of silt sandy loam is 3 ÷ 10.


Most often any kidney lesions are primary renal, but sometimes they can be secondary (metastases, lymphoma). Every year renal cell carcinoma tends to a significant increase in the incidence. Today there are many available methods of examination, however difficulties often remain in the differential diagnosis of kidney lesions. The article discusses about the modern possibilities of methods in the identification and assessment of kidney lesions, their role in determining the tactics of patient management and key approaches in imaging characterization of these masses using CT and PET, MRI and CEUS. The analysis of the modern literature has shown that the currently existing radiation diagnostic methods do not provide an absolute opportunity for differential diagnosis of rare kidney tumors. CEUS, according to various authors, demonstrates high efficiency indicators, but does not exceed these indicators in comparison with CT and MRI. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound is a potentially safe method and can be used as a method for additional examination to characterize indeterminate renal lesions.


A new path planner is proposed for redundant robotic inspection system which consisting of 7 degree of freedom. It uses Obstacle Based Probabilistic Roadmap (OBPRM) as path planner and an optimization technique based on Genetic Algorithm (GA) to find an inspection path with shortest cycle time. OBPRM is used to find shortest path in between two inspection points and GA is used to find sequence of these inspection points to obtain minimal cycle time. Different distance metrics used for OBPRM and GA are discussed. Finally using the proposed path planner a 15% reduction in cycle time for inspection was obtained.


Democracy, being people's power, would grow with contrasts of plural viewpoints and
interests. In some sense, it is in conflict with the idea of monumentality and the conservation of historic
monuments in a democratic society is destined to class struggles. Only tolerance through mutual
understanding could hopefully reconcile complexity and contradiction. In Taiwan the conservation of
cultural heritage does progress along with the development of democracy, and has been accompanied by
social antagonism. Due to uncompromising ideology, different governments favoured different heritage,
even at the cost of hostility. In pre-democratic era, colonial Taiwan saw mass destruction of the
establishment of imperial Ching China by the Japanese in the name of modernization. After WWII, the
Nationalist government even remodelled definite heritage buildings randomly to serve political purposes.
The rotation of ruling in recent decades also revealed split cultural policies. With respect to cultural
heritage, buildings erected during Japanese regime were disregarded by the Nationalist government but
were in turn highly concerned by the DDP authorities. Quite echoed by people, a latest event is that the
memorial statues of Chiang Kai-Shek and the Japanese Hatta Yoichi (who had built an important dam in
colonial Taiwan) were beheaded separately by opposed political enthusiasts. Besides, with the gradual
prevalence of democracy, the removal of buildings of potential cultural significance for important public
works (eg. for the Taipei Metro) often faced the protest from conservationist people. On the contrary, the
official designation of potential private heritage buildings would arouse fierce dissent from owners who
expected enormous profits from land speculation. Such discrepancy might reflect the dilemma of
democracy. Higher wisdom is obviously needed to tranquilize this turmoil. This paper purports to
illuminate these situations with concrete cases and urges ultimate reconciliation for the good of cultural
heritage.


A theoretical explanation for the experimentally observed enhanced surface recombination of the ions in a thermally ionized magnetoplasma in a Q-device is proposed. It is based on a collisionless treatment which yields a non-Maxwellian velocity distribution for the plasma particles (section 2). In section 3 the influence of rate collisions on the velocity distribution , particularly in double-ended operation, (D.E., bothendplates hot) is discussed and it is shown that even in the case of a partially thermalized plasma with a thermalization rat e of about 50% the surface recombination causes still a J0 ∼ n dependence instead of a J0 ∼ n2 dependence as found in the case of a fully thermalized plasma.


The communication of humans with their surrouding is achieved through their senses and the related organs. Visual communication using the eyes is made possible because the various sources of light, natural i.e. the sun or the lightning, or artificial such as Lasers, emit electromagnetic radiation which is either reflected or scattered by surfaces. This radiation received by eyes is processed in the brain where the images of the environment are developed. The luminous processing can be either macro- or microscopic. The macroscopic processing is the result of light coming from the sun or from wide range lamps, while the microscopic results from light coming from wide range lamps, mercury lamps, lasers or electron beam. The microscopic processing is the subject we are dealing with in this presentation.


-The topography of Earth influences the movements of parcels of air in the atmosphere. Wind systems blowing across mountain ridges sometimes excite stationary gravity wave systems behind and above ridges with a breadth of about 10 km. The conceptual discussion in this paper is connected to the transport of wave energy in stationary gravity waves and stationary gravity inerta waves, where there are discontinuities in the parameters describing the vertical stratified atmosphere. The discussion is closely connected to two theorems deducted by Eliassen and Palm (1961) showing that the vertical flux of wave energy is conserved throughout the atmosphere for a great class of systems. But the boundary conditions, used by Eliassen and Palm (1961) in the gravity wave systems connecting the vertical layers in situations with discontinuities, do not cover all possible physical situations of interest. It is shown how the boundary conditions may be modified to cover most situations of interest.


An inhalation exposure chamber separates the internal exposure atmosphere from the surrounding laboratory atmosphere. The integrity of this separation is reduced if the chamber leaks. A simple method for determining the physical integrity of inhalation exposure chambers is proposed and explained. Results obtained with this method are presented and integrity standards for both new and in-use chambers are suggested.


The essay proposes an exploratory discussion of the signifi cance of the the concept of islands and archipelagos in Scottish poetry. Beginning with a look at Samuel Johnson's A Journey to the Western Isles of Scotland (1775) and James Boswell's The Journal of a Tour to the Hebrides (1785), the essay recalibrates the notion of remoteness, thus attempting to challenge dominant narratives of the centre and its margins. With an overview of selected poetic representations of the islands of Scotland, the paper aims to offer an insight into the diversity of voices and approaches characterizing Scottish literature, with a brief look at the twentieth-century and twenty-fi rst century Scottish poetry including readings of selected works of such poetic fi gures as Kathleen Jamie, Jackie Kay and Don Paterson.


(and the latter were very carefully 'targeted') is to leave out a great deal in the story of Chilean development since 1973. Secondly, the implication is that if Chile can target social groups effectively, then so can all other Latin American countries. No doubt health and nutrition programmes can be redesigned to reach their intended beneficiaries more cheaply and efficiently, but the specificities of Chile should not be ignored. It is a highly urban society (indeed more so than several countries in Western Europe) and transport and communications are good in the rural sector. Furthermore, it has a long history of welfare interventions and a relatively efficient and uncorrupt public administration. Such factors are by no means universal in Latin America, but they form an important part of any explanation of why social programmes have hit their targets in Chile since the mid-1970s. The paper by Glewwe and de Tray is a country case-study published as part of the Bank's Living Standards Measurement Study which conducted household surveys in a sample of developing countries to map the nature and extent of poverty. The authors use this survey information from Peru to assess how a programme of structural adjustment is likely to affect deprived groups in that country. Some of the findings are unsurprising. Roughly two-thirds of the poorest decile live in the rural sierra, three-quarters work in agriculture and nearly four-fifths are self-employed. Few of the poor are in public service, so a reduction in government payrolls will not aggravate poverty. The information on the crops grown by the poor and non-poor has greater novelty, and the authors conclude that the gains to the poor from lower wheat and sugar prices (as a result of trade liberalisation) will outweigh any losses from higher rice and white maize prices (as a result of the elimination of subsidies). These are both useful publications which contain much data of interest to anyone concerned with the distributional impact of macroeconomic adjustment in Latin America. However, this topic so dominates the current economic literature on the region that there is a real danger of adopting an exclusively short-run perspective. Improved targeting of social programmes in Latin America should be a complement to, not a substitute for, increased government expenditure in the area of basic needs. Such expenditure requires the revival of economic growth in the region and major fiscal reforms, like those recently introduced in Bolivia, to produce the necessary revenue and to redistribute income from rich to poor.


The study analyses the longterm trend in knowledge diffusion and productivity growth in Nigeria, using a translog specification. The results indicate the need for technological upgrading and emphasized that policies designed to promote technological development should address the complementarities between 'different factors of production. The article, thus, provides some support for the argument that total factor productivity (TFP), as a technological knowledge, can impact significantly on productivity in a developing economy like Nigeria.


Introduction Do-it-yourself artificial pancreas system (DIY APS) is built using commercially available insulin pump, continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) and an open-source algorithm. Compared with commercial products, DIY systems are affordable, allow personalised settings and provide updated algorithms, making them a more promising therapy for most patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Many small and self-reported observational studies have found that their real-world use was associated with potential metabolic and psychological benefits. However, rigorous-designed studies are urgently needed to confirm its efficacy and safety. Methods and analysis In this 26-week randomised, open-label, two-arm, two-phase, crossover trial, participants aged 18–75 years, with T1DM and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) 7–11%, will use AndroidAPS during one 12-week period and sensor-augmented pump during another 12-week period. This study will recruit at least 24 randomised participants. AndroidAPS consists of three components: (1) real-time CGM; (2) insulin pump; (3) AndroidAPS algorithm implemented in Android smartphone. The primary endpoint is time in range (3.9–10.0 mmol/L) derived from CGM. The main secondary endpoints include percentage of sensor glucose values below, within and above target range; mean sensor glucose value; measures of glycaemic variability and centralised HbA1c. Safety endpoints mainly include the frequency of hypoglycaemia events, diabetic ketoacidosis and other serious adverse events. Ethics and dissemination This study has been approved by the Ethics Committee of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University. There will be verbal and written information regarding the trial given to each participant. The study will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and conference presentations. Overall status Recruiting. Study start 11 February 2023. Primary completion 31 July 2024. Trial registration number ClinicalTrials.gov Registry (NCT05726461).


Rattan is a plant that lives in clumps or singles and is classified into the family Arecaceae / Palmae. Determination of the type of rattan can be through identification based on the morphological character of plant organs. Classification of types of rattan is usually based on the equality of characteristics possessed by each type. Ecologically, rattan thrives in various places, both lowlands and highlands, especially in humid areas such as river banks. This study aims to determine the diversity of rattan species in the production forest area of Salukaia Village, Pamona Barat District, Poso Regency. The study was conducted in December 2015 - January 2016. This study used a survey method to select or place plots deliberately made in places where rattan was found (purporsive sampling). The number of observation lanes is 1 lane with a length of lane 1000 m and width 20 m, then a plot of 20x20 m is made. Along the observation track 30 plots were made. The data obtained were analyzed to determine density, frequency, index, importance value (INP) and diversity index. From the results of the study found 9 (nine) types of rattan namely Kuyuwi rattan (Daemonorops robusta Becc.), Tida Lingka rattan (Daemonorops sp.), Uban rattan (Calamus sp.), Hoa rattan (Calamus ornatus var. Celebicus Bl), rattan rattan (Daemonorops sp.), Uban rattan (Calamus sp.), Hoa rattan (Calamus ornatus var. Celebicus Bl), rattan rattan Bottle Tungka (Calamus inops Becc.), Laru rattan (Calamus orthostachyus Becc.), Silaya rattan (Daemonorops lamprolepsis Becc.), Batang rattan (Calamus zollingerii Becc.), And Ronti rattan (Calamus leptostachys Becc.). The dominant type of rattan at the study site was Kuyuwi (Daemonorops robusta Becc.). The level of diversity of rattan species is classified as being abundant with a value of 1.91. Keywords: Rattan Species Diversity, Production Forest Areas


: The present study was planned to know the effect of saponin-rich extract of Bauhinia variegata Linn. (SREBV) in an ethylene glycol induced urolithiasis model. The qualitative and quantitative analysis of SREBV revealed presence of bbbbb -sitosterol, stigmasterol and lupeol. Administration of ethylene glycol (0.75% v/v in distilled water) to male Wistar rats for 28 days successfully induced urolithiasis with hyperoxaluria, hypercalciuria as well as an increased renal excretion of uric acid and inorganic phosphate. Supplementation with SREBV significantly decreased these levels of stone promotor via diuresis and increased levels of stone inhibitor like magnesium. There was a significant reduction in creatinine, uric acid, and blood urea nitrogen in rats administered with SREBV. Moreover, reno-protective effect is evident by decreased deposits of calcium-oxalate crystals in the kidney tissue of SREBV treated rats. The antilithiatic activity of SREBV is also supported by its radical scavenging activity portrayed in DPPH assay in-vitro as well as alleviation in lipid peroxidation and improvement in antioxidant enzyme levels in-vivo . With this study, it was clinched that the SREBV supplementation safeguarded EG-induced urolithiasis as it abbreviated the growth of urinary stones. The mechanisms attributing to this effect might be due to its antioxidant, diuretic, nephroprotective and curbing in stone-forming constituents.


This paper introduces a novel approach to video object detection detection and tracking on Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs). By incorporating metadata, the proposed approach creates a memory map of object locations in actual world coordinates, providing a more robust and interpretable representation of object locations in both, image space and the real world. We use this representation to boost confidences, resulting in improved performance for several temporal computer vision tasks, such as video object detection, short and long-term single and multi-object tracking, and video anomaly detection. These findings confirm the benefits of metadata in enhancing the capabilities of UAVs in the field of temporal computer vision and pave the way for further advancements in this area.


The 3-RPS parallel mechanism with arc prismatic pairs is presented, this mechanism possesses a moving platform, a fixed platform, and three limb kinematic chains. Each limb kinematic chain consists of revolute pair R, a arc prismatic pair P, and a spherical joint S. The axis of revolute pairs are intersect each other and coplanar, the angle between two axes is 60°. Mobility, inverse solution and workspace of mechanism are analyzed via screw theory. This mechanism with three degrees of freedom, and the rotational center of moving platform is an intersection point of three straight lines, which passing through each center of arc rod and the center of spherical joint, and this intersection point changes with the posture of the moving platform. Furthermore, the Jacobian constraint matrix, the Jacobian actuation matrix and the Jacobian overall matrix are obtained, the singularity configurations of pose of moving platform are analyzed by a fixed rotation point or a fixed pose. The result provides a theoretical basis for kinematics and dynamics of this parallel mechanism.


Graduation Monograph Law School Federal University of Santa Maria THE PROSPECTIVE EFFECTS OF THE STF'S DECISION OVER CONTINUATIVE RELATIONS REGULATED IN A FINAL JUDGMENT Author: Julian Ritzel Farret Adviser: Marcelo Carlos Zampieri Date and Place of the Defense: Santa Maria, December 17th, 2012. This work takes care of the possible future effects that the Supremo Tribunal Federal's decisions may cause over the continuative relations regulated by a final judgment. Once proposed the subject, we found that the res judicata's objective limits keeps close relation with the category of legal relationship deduced in court. Therefore, we sought for a technical definition of the continuative relations mentioned in the article 471, I, CPC. In a second step, once defined these relations as successive relations, ie immediate relationships periodically repeated, we tried to find the objective and temporal limits of the res judicata which wraps the decision that regulates this sort of legal relation. Then we tried to identify which legal phenomenon might represent a change in the state of law mentioned in the article 471, I, CPC. We detected, thus, that the change in the state of law must essentially represent a change in the legal order itself. Changes in the state of law, hence, are nothing less than the legislative change and the supervene of some of the decisions of the Supremo Tribunal Federal, depending on the form of constitutionality control. Finally, the conclusion of this work is that the supervening decision of the Supremo Tribunal Federal, depending on the sort of constitutionality control in which the decision is taken, has the power to change the legal order and, therefore, stop the res judicata's prospective effects. Key-Words: Continuative legal relations. Prospective effects of res judicata. Judicial review. Change in the legal order. Change in the state of law.


Environmental and energy security concerns are driving federal agencies to evaluate alternative domestically produced energy. Among the various technologies studied, the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) launched a five-year demonstration project named "Controlled Hydrogen Fleet and Infrastructure Demonstration and Validation Project" to investigate the feasibility of hydrogen as a transportation fuel. To achieve the objective, the DOE selected a team of industry leaders to design, construct and operate a system consisting of various hydrogen fueling stations and fleet of fuel cell electric vehicles. One of the selected teams consists of Chevron Technology Ventures Inc., Hyundai American Motor Co., UTC Fuel Cells, and Southern California-Edison (SCE). Each team member is responsible for a key task: Chevron — design and build the hydrogen fueling station, Hyundai and UTC — build the Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles, and SCE — site-owner, characterize and operate the system in a real world setting.The hydrogen fueling station was built at the corporate offices of SCE in Rosemead, California. This station is capable of maintaining a minimum storage capacity of 60 kg, a daily production and dispensing capacity of 40kg, a fueling pressure of 5,000PSI, and a maximum vehicle fueling time of five minutes. As an electric utility company, SCE will perform a detailed power analysis of the station and determined key functions, such as system power demand, efficiency, and reliability. Prior to fleet assessment, SCE characterized the performance of three fuel cell electric vehicles at its EV Technical Center in Pomona, California. This characterization included both freeway and urban drive-range testing. In addition, the vehicles will be deployed to various sites throughout the SCE service territory for fleet assessments. Among the various test sites will be Palm Springs, designated as the hot-climate site.This project demonstrates the ability of hydrogen to be a possible source of sustainable domestic transportation energy. The lessons learned in this project provide valuable knowledge to the partners by conducting project tasks, such as permitting, code compliance, vehicle characterizations, fleet assessment, and infrastructure installation.


The present invention relates to transgenic plant cells and plants increased rate of glycolysis. Increase the rate of glycolysis is the coding invertase (preferably from abnormal or random converting enzyme) results of introducing and expressing the DNA sequence in plant cells, it is encoded hexokinase (preferably a random anomaly or hexokinase ) results introducing and expressing DNA sequences in plant cells. Further, the present invention describes a method of generating an increased rate of glycolysis and recombinant DNA molecules in plant cells and plants.


A method has been developed for the determination of uranium in sediment digests and sequential extracts by ICP-MS. No interferences were found due to the presence of the extractant matrices (0.11 mol l
 –1
 acetic acid, 0.1 mol l
 –1
 hydroxylammonium chloride, 1.0 mol l
 –1
 ammonium acetate and 30% v/v aqua regia) provided 236
U was used as internal standard and the samples were diluted 5-fold with 5% v/v nitric acid prior to analysis. Detection limits (8 ng g
 –1
 for extracts and 20 ng g
 –1
 for digests) were adequate for determination of uranium at environmental levels. Results obtained by ICP-MS for aqua regia digests were slightly lower than those obtained by alpha spectrometry, but overall recoveries of uranium by sequential extraction were generally within ±10% of pseudototal values. Application of the developed method to inter-tidal sediments collected from the vicinity of the Albright and Wilson phosphoric acid plant, Whitehaven, Cumbria, confirmed the presence of significant technological enhancement of uranium at Whitehaven Harbour but showed that concentrations had decreased since the plant discontinued phosphate ore processing in 1992. Results of the sequential extraction suggested that spillage of phosphate ore (containing up to 120 µg g
 –1
 uranium) during shipping may have made a significant contribution to the environmental contamination observed.


This paper contains the preliminary results of an analytical and experimental program to evaluate the bolted joint strengths of three composite material systems under consideration for helicopter applications. Carbon-epoxy tape (C12K/5225), carbon-epoxy fabric (C3K/5225 ) , and carbon-bismaleimide (HITEX/5245) laminates representative of applications were fabricated and tested to failure under open-hole and bolt-bearing conditions. Stress and strength analysis was performed for various hole-size geometries and bearing/bypass load conditions. Infinite plate elasticity solutions were compared with boundary integral equation methods (BEM) to evaluate the effects of finite width and edge distance on stress distributions. Strength analysis was performed on a ply-by-ply basis using lamination plate theory coupled with a phenomenological (characteristic dimension) failure hypothesis.


At present, the Central Bank of Indonesia (Bank Indonesia) uses the RGEC (Risk Profile, Governance, Earnings, and capital) method to assess the health of banks in Indonesia. Every year, the bank reports the health performance and this report is very relevant information for investors in the capital market. This study investigates whether investors in the capital market respond to the same degree from each component of the bank's health i nformation. By using the sample of banks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2014-2017, this study found that investors responded positively to the earnings and the capital components but did not respond significantly to the risk profile and the governance components. The risk profile is not responded by investors, perhaps because the risk of going public banks is considered relatively low, so it is not considered as significant information affecting value. While the governance component is not responded by investors because there is a problem of the data validity or information is considered less important. Keywords: Bank's health, Stock Price, Risk Profile, Governance, Earnings, Capital


Monetary valuation of both health and non health outcomes using stated preference data is gaining currency in health economics. Discrete choice experiments (DCEs) offer one form of stated preference data used for this purpose. In particular, the Hicksian compensating variation can be used to calculate willingness to pay (WTP) or willingness to accept (WTA) compensation arising from a policy change. This essentially involves a comparison of expected utility pre and post the policy change weighted by the marginal utility of income. To date in empirical applications in health, utility is usually assumed to be linear in income, or put another way, the marginal utility of income is assumed to be constant across respondents, producing constant WTP across individuals. That the marginal utility of income and WTP need not be constant across individuals was highlighted by the current authors in previous work which presented a method for calculating measures of welfare change from discrete choice random utility models allowing for non constant dependence of utility on income using evidence from a pilot study. The current paper builds on this earlier pilot work by presenting a more refined approach to esitmating WTP from choice experiments taking account of individual differences and demonstrates this in an empirical application with a larger sample size. Advantages of using this approach are outlined and further implications for the derivation of welfare measures from DCEs is discussed.


A theoretical description of the fifth-order coherent light scattering is presented. By calculating the corresponding radiative transition rate, it is found that the intensity of the fifth-order scattering light is proportional to the squares of the number density as well as to the thickness of the optical sample. The fifth-order coherent light scattering expression is a two-dimensional extension of the Kramers–Heisenberg expression for light scattering. The intensity of each peak in the two-dimensional spectrum is determined by the product of three Raman transition matrix elements. A detailed discussion on the relative intensities of the diagonal and off-diagonal peaks is presented.


The utility model relates to an ignition air flue below a circulating fluidized bed. The ignition air flue comprises a water-cooling air chamber (201), an ignition air flue (203), a main-primary air pipe (204) and burner assemblies (205, 206 and 210), wherein the water-cooling air chamber (201) is connected with one end of the ignition air flue (203). The ignition air flue below the circulating fluidized bed further comprises an ignition air flue extension section (207) which is arranged at a certain angle with the ignition air flue (203); the main-primary air pipe (204) is arranged on the ignition air flue extension section (207); one end of the ignition air flue extension section (207) is connected with the other end of the ignition air flue (203); and the burner assemblies (205, 206 and 210) are arranged on the other end of the ignition air flue extension section (207). By means of the utility model, the safety problem generated because a pulverized coal burner below the circulating fluidized bed is adopted for the ignition air flue of the traditional circulating fluidized bed is avoided, and an energy-saving and consumption-reduction effect is favorably achieved for a circulating fluidized bed unit.


The task of modeling the processes of anaerobic microbiological fermentation with keeping the balance at the acetogenesis stage was considered in this work. It was proposed and justified to build models at these stages in the form of interval discrete dynamic model. The structure identification method of IDDM on the principles of honey bee colony functioning in the food search process, which provides the possibility of obtaining simple IDDDM structures with specified prognostic properties relative to existing methods, was substantiated.


Your name will arrive at a destination long before you do, so best make sure you have a good name, so the old adage goes.


Abstract : The primary emphasis of this study was to develop less expensive alternative grenade attachment concepts, which offer better fabrication and performance reliability than the current rope and band assembly. To this end, this study comprised four interrelated tasks: (1) alternative attachment concept development, (2) computer modeling dynamic structural analysis, (3) prototype fabrication and testing, and (4) manufacturing process development and cost analysis. Early in the project, after detailed review of the entire TDP, we began to suspect that the grenade attachment scheme may be only one of several significant system cost drivers. For this reason, the system cost analysis was expanded early to include a detailed assessment of other component and subassembly costs. This approach permitted the alternative grenade attachment concepts developed in this study to be evaluated with respect to other significant cost reducing and reliability enhancing modifications.


A high purity grade, particularly the absence or at least adequate limitation of toxic and virulent infectious contaminants is an indispensable prerequisite for the realization of the justified claim of safety of drugs. The fulfilment of this claim requires the avoidance of contamination risks by a suitable conception of manufacturing procedures and optimization of the manufacturing conditions as well as a rationally founded and targetted purity control. The latter one is favourized or has really become possible by the high actual scientific level and the technical progress in instrumental analytics. However, criterion for the establishment of purity standards for drugs is not only the possibility of its technical realization, but also its necessity in the sense of a risk-benefit evaluation, i.e., benefit-expense aspects must not be neglected. Considering potential impurities of drugs it can be differentiated between ubiquitous and product specific ones. The probability of the occurence of both kinds of impurities depends on the type of components of a drug and on its way of manufacture. Whereas the limitation of ubiquitous impurities has been extensively regulated by general or product type specific standards, the discretionary power with regard to product specific impurities in the special case is very high, the establishment and assessment of purity specifications requires knowledge of the manufacturing process and of the properties of the respective product, but simultaneously perceptiveness. In recent years a pleasant trend to scientific rational mode of thinking can be observed in the establishment of purity standards in the European Pharmacopoeia as well as in international guidelines. Examples are the growing consideration of ambitious, but unfortunately, simultaneously expensive instrumental instead of conventional analytical methods also practicable in laboratories of pharmacies, the definition of impurities detectable by chromatographic methods provided in monographs of the European Pharmacopoeia of special substances as well as the requirement of impurities by recent guidelines, particularly those conceived by the ICH (International Conference on Harmonization). In the interest of the safety of drugs, but also of a more efficient quality control and quality assessment, which is urgently necessary, a stronger emphasis of this rational mode of thinking also concerning single case decisions by Registration Authorities would be highly desirable.


This paper introduces the basic principle and basic structure of Microgrid, and brittleness evaluation indexes cited fully instructions. Brittleness theory has been applied for the brittle analysis of Microgrid and the according algorithm has also been presented for the study of the recessive fault. Given the difference between Microgrid and traditional power grid, this paper gives the definition of stand-alone Microgrid's brittleness, and develops a brittleness assessment method based on risk theory for Microgrids.


Mineralogist you may be, but if you have been willing to address the public you have likely found yourself in front of a grade school class, discussing any other topic, and discovered the astonishing capability of your young audience to bring the discussion around to dinosaurs. Some of us face these digressions with more grace than others. If you want to be better armed next time, get this book, read it (it goes fast), and take it with you for the pictures (by Norell's collaborator, Mick Ellison) if nothing …


The increasing demand for higher efficiency, better economy, and more sustainability in bioprocess design has led to approaches characterized by high-throughput screening and the implementation of platform technologies. The presented approach incorporates an a priori material design strategy for selective materials in combination with process development and design to address the full optimization potential of all elements involved. The design strategies are directly linked with an economic process assessment to provide quantitative data for the implementation. Different material design parameters like pore structure were varied in the presented theoretical study. A rigorous material design model is proposed for so-called irregularities within the porous system.


Analyses of detailed U-Pb dating results of zircons from metamorphic rocks in three areas of the Cathaysia block, where Precambrian rocks are exposed, indicate that the Cathaysia block may be subdivided into the Wuyishan and Nanling-Yunkai terrains. The Wuyishan terrain is composed of Paleoproterozoic basement metamorphic rocks and Neoproterozoic (730~820 Ma) meta-sediments, which is an oldest terrain in Cathaysia block. There may be a Neoarchaean basement at the depth. The Neoproterozoic sediments were from the old Wuyishan mirco-terrain itself. The Nanling and Yunkai regions have similar Precambrian crustal components, which consist of Neoproterozoic sediments and minor interbedded volcanic rocks. These sediments include very ancient Mesoarchaean and Neoarchaean components, sometimes even Paleoarchaean ones. The Grenvillian and Mesoproterozoic materials are most abundant in these sediments. However, these major components have no exposed counterpart rocks found in the Cathaysia block, implying that their provenance was from other continents previously linked with the Cathaysia block. This source continent was likely the eastern India and eastern Antarctica. The Nanling-Yunkai area was originally a rifted sedimentary basin formed during the breakup of Rodinia supercontinent. The Caledonian orogeny made the sediments in the basin compressed, folded and uplifted, forming a new young continent with old Wuyishan micro-continent.


JAZZ IS dance music expressed in the Negroid musical idiom. Since at no time until the present century jazz has existed as a written form, it must be traced and studied through its characteristics in performance, both as music and dance, since jazz expresses both simultaneously. At the outset, one prevalent misconception calls for correction. Popular music and jazz are not synonymous. The art of jazz and the industry of tin pan alley, though parallel in growth, have never merged. The alley borrows a seasoning of jazz rhythm or intonation for its product, and occasionally a tin pan alley tune is found suitable for jazz treatment and improvisations. In both cases the addition is superficial. Another confusion may be clarified by the reminder that jazz is American only as it was fostered and its style brought to a high degree of integration in this country--and in this country only. Jazz in its primitive manifestation is neither a creation nor an expression of American culture. It is, however, a functional part of African tribal life. The prototype of the jazz band and of jazz as dance is found in the tribal dance-ritual, a magic of life-and-death importance wherein the spirits of the witch-doctor and his dancers rise by means of rhythmic movements and music to a supernatural world, there to defend the tribe against the destructive powers of evil demons. Phonograph recordings of these dance rituals display modern jazz in its essence: first, in a musical quality stimulating high emotion and the ecstasy of trance; second, a predominance of rhythm in drums, rattles, and various noise makers; and third, a style of pathogenic outburst, in contrast to song for communication. Song as a vehicle for words, even in a primitive form, links together a series of tones static in pitch; but melody as an aid to dance ecstasy is motion in sound, a flowing to and through a pitch, coming to a stop upon a static tone only at a cadence. From this style of performance rest tones emerge


Stroke is a devastating problem that affects not only the individuals who experience it but also their families, the healthcare system, and society. Strokes are the third leading cause of death in the United States and a major cause of . disability, primarily among the elderIy.Hospitalization of stroke victims adds immeasurably to the cost of health care in the nation. Nearly 500,000 Americans suffer strokes each year, and more than 2 million survivors are currently receiving long-term care as a result of their strokes. The financial impact of stroke is staggering: It has been estimated that stroke care costs between $7.5 and $11.2 billion per year. This figure includes loss of earnings of the stroke victim. The authors of the articles on stroke published in this issue provide a variety of viewpoints on the effects of stroke and nursing efforts to ameliorate the terrible aftermath of stroke. Much appears in the literature about stroke, and Rehabilitation Nursing is a good source of that information; numerous articles have been published on the topic during my tenure as editor and in prior years. Many of us also have had personal experiences with stroke-my father, for example, suffered a stroke shortly before his death from emphysema-and those expand our knowledge just as surely as any scientific article. The economic and social issues surrounding stroke have garnered the attention of the Center for Health Economics Research, an agency that is cooperating with the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research (AHCPR) to develop clinical practice guidelines for rehabilitating patients who have experienced acute strokes. The guidelines are being developed to help healthcare providers improve the quality and costeffectiveness ofcare they provide to patients with stroke. The guidelines will identify the types of treatment settings and treatment methods that are most likely to benefit patients who have had strokes. A panel of individuals composed of a broad spectrum of healthcare providers and a consumer was convened to develop the poststroke rehabilitation guidelines. Specialties such as medicine, nursing, occupational and physical therapy, psychology, and speech therapy are represented on the panel. As expected, a large percentage of the panel members are physicians, but nursing is well represented by ARN members MargaretKelly Hayes, EdD RN CRRN, and Marion Phipps, MS RN CRRN. Another nurse, Nancy E. Donaldson, RN, is the consumer representative on the panel. The guidelines are anticipated to be completed in 1993. Extensive review by organizations and individuals will occur before the guidelines are officially released. Certainly, ARN will be involved in the review process; interested ARN members should contact the ARN office to participate in the review process. In addition, one can expect that all ARN members who are involved in caring for stroke patients will be involved in the dissemination and implementation of the guidelines. It's nice to see that nursing is integrally involved in the design and implementation of a project with so much potential impact on caregiver and care receiver alike. 1 a • 1 r o t • 1 E d


This paper introduces a frequency-hopped (FH) communication system to anti-intersymbol interferences (ISI) caused by the multipath propagation in shallow-water acoustic channels, and uses high-speed digital signal processor (DSP) and serial ADC (MAX121) chip to demodulate received signal efficiently based Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) algorithm. The field experimental results show: a data rate of 1Kbit/s with the bit error rates on the order of 10 - 4 is demonstrated at 2000 m in the shallow-water acoustic channel of Xiamen harbor, and the key techniques of the system is analyzed in the paper.