Research on English has shown that vowels that contain more information tend to be longer (Aylett & Turk 2004). This research is evolving into a general thesis that speakers articulate a segment with more information more robustly. While this hypothesis seems plausible from the perspective of communicative efficiency, previous support for it has come mainly from English. The current study thus examines this hypothesis in Japanese, using the Corpus of Spontaneous Japanese (the CSJ). Consonant-conditioned Shannon's entropies were calculated, and their effects on vowel duration examined, together with other linguistic factors that are known from previous research to affect vowel duration. In addition to finding several linguistic factors affecting vowel duration, the current study reveals rather complex effects of informativity on vowel duration in Japanese.


In a previous study 1C was reported that silver bromide can concentrate the radioactive bromide Ions In seawater by a process of Isotoplc exchange. Mercurous bromide looked more favorable because of Its lower solubility and lower cost and It was thus used to determine Its effectiveness, relative to silver bromide, In concentrating bromide Ions from seawater. The effect of the height of the mercurous bed, flow rate and volume (residence time) of the seawater on the amount of bromide Ions exchanged was studied. Each of the variables was found to have a significant effect. The results Indicated that under the same conditions mercurous bromide can concentrate the bromide ion In seawater slightly more than the silver bromide. Approved by: Daniel L. Love, Chief NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY DIVISION CHEMISTRY RESEARCH DEPARTMENT NAVAL ORDNANCE LABORATORY SILVER SPRING, MARYLAND


In this paper, we present a novel audio watermarking technique that utilizes the low frequency components (LFCs) of an audio signal to identify the location of the embedded watermarks. The embedding takes place by modifying the amplitude of selected samples determined by the LFCs of the audio signal. The amount of modification to the amplitude is determined by the amount of distortion detected by the human ear. This technique is blind where the decoder does not need the original audio file to extract the watermarks. In this technique, we use a novel data recovery scheme to recover any watermarks that were lost because of an intentional or unintentional attempt of watermark removal (attack). Experimental results show that this technique is highly robust against single and double attacks with watermark recovery rates greater than 90%.


The dynasty of Ming and Qing is watershed of rise and fall of China.Many fact is coverd up,the truth is coverd with dust and distorted in both dyanaty.However,the truth will eventually come to light the world in the end.The Chinese scholars had put forward the theory of "the Emergence of Capitalism".That is to say,the economy development in China's feudal society has nurtured the emergency of capitalism.Without the influence of foreign capitalism,China will also slow development of the capitalist society.However,I do not entirely agree with this view,based on the development analysis of Chinese Capitalism under the age change,this paper analyzes a kind of new understanding that The dynasty of Ming and Qing has the effect on China.


. The dramatic increase in the axle load and speed of the rolling stock over the recent years has challenged the stability and performance of the railway tracks. Consequently, rail track designers and engineers are exploring suitable measures to improve the performance of the tracks. The geocells can offer a cost-effective and feasible solution for enhancing the performance of the railway tracks. The satisfactory performance of geocells in numerous geotechnical applications such as reinforced retaining walls, slopes, embankments, pavements, etc. have encouraged their use in other areas too. However, their utilization in the railway tracks is still in the nascent stage. Thus, the present chapter examines the potential benefits of using geocells in the railway tracks. The results of the numerous experimental, numerical and field studies have been briefly reviewed. The influence of geocell reinforcement on the parameters (or material properties) essential for the track stability have been discussed. The past studies indicate that the geocells can be effectively used to improve the performance of the railway tracks. The geocells provides confinement which increases the strength and stiffness of the infill materials. Moreover, the geocell reinforcement significantly decreases the lateral deformation and permanent settlement of the granular materials. However, the amount of improvement significantly depends on the properties of the geocell, infill, subgrade and the location of the geocell reinforced layer.


The purpose of this study is to determine the relation between the teachers' and the students' understanding of music rubrics. The study will present the use of music rubrics in three different sch ...


String-matching algorithms search for all the locations where some pattern string matches within another input string. These algorithms make extensive use of character-wise comparisons, which may be optimized in order to achieve better performance of the entire algorithm. In this article, we describe a code transformation aimed at improving the performance of the string-matching algorithms that incorporate comparison of buffers of characters. The suggested transformation optimizes the buffer comparison operation whose multiple invocations are required by the string-matching algorithms. The transformation incorporates a template, which is based on the notion of dynamic guards used in conjunction with the word-sized comparisons. The template when instantiated produces code that may perform the buffer comparison operation more efficiently than the original code. The suggested optimization approach is portable and results in an efficient execution of the string-matching code for different sizes of the input pattern. We perform experiments with icc and gcc compilers on the Intel Core i7 processor-based system. Using the proposed code transformation applied to a large number of string-matching algorithms, the experimentation results show that the optimized string-matching code is able to achieve a significant speed-up over the original code.


A review of changes in the foreign population resident in France during the course of the twentieth century is presented. Attention is focused on the characteristics of the foreign population between 1975 and 1982, including legal status, place of birth, age distribution, country of origin, labor force participation, and fertility. Possible future trends are briefly examined.


I have tried to estimate the quantity of radium, the number of applications, the milligram hours of each application, the necessary total dose, the interval between applications, and the most effective interval from the first application to the day of operation that would most favorably influence the lesion, and avoid any possible chance of damaging it for a recognized surgical procedure in operable or borderline cases of carcinoma of the cervix. In order to improve results, surgeons, as a rule, supplement the total abdominal hysterectomy by first applying heat in some form. The simple cautery and the Percy cautery are probably the chief recognized methods of local destruction of the diseased area. Ross studied 475 cases of cancer of the uterine cervix seen at the Mayo Clinic between January 1, 1912, and January 1, 1919. He says: "Delayed hysterectomy gave better results than immediate hysterectomy in conjunction with the simple cautery and the Percy cautery. Furthermore, total abdominal hysterectomy and ...


The depth profiles of big cluster impacts on amorphous targets have been investigated by using the time-evolution Monte Carlo simulation code DYACAT, where (Ag) n clusters of 200 eV/atom are bombarded on an Al target (n being 1 to 500). It is found that the recoiling Al atom clears the way for the following cluster and that the projected range of the (Ag) 500 cluster is about 4 times larger than that of the monoatomic ion


We present SmartCom, a combination of a smartphone and the traditional physical keyboard to enhance command selection by 1) eliminating occlusion, 2) reducing command discoverability time and 3) reducing homing cost. We performed a reachability study to evaluate the feasibility of gestures combining key press and phone touch. The results are promising and none of our participants found SmartCom usage difficult. In the future, we plan to design and evaluate novel interaction techniques for SmartCom.


The measurement of the photocatalytic activity of building materials is quite time-consuming. Up until now, researchers have mainly used the equipment described in ISO 22197-1 to ISO 22197-4 for the determination of air purification activity, although other apparatus such as colorimeters, UV-Vis/DR spectroscopes and equipment for contact angle measurements have also been used. Usually, photocatalytic activity measurements take from one hour up to several hours. In this study, we present a very fast method for the measurement of the photocatalytic activity of gypsum. A specially designed printer with a modified bubblejet cartridge was used to apply a special ink on the surface of gypsum plates. Then the surface was irradiated by UV-A light and every 3 s a picture of the surface was taken. The results showed that the discoloration of the dye occurs after a few seconds of irradiation and the time depends on the amount of photocatalyst used as well as the number of printed ink layers. It was concluded that it is possible to use this method for a quick comparison of the photocatalytic activity of different types of modified gypsum materials.


The thermal stability of a Na8 microcluster has been modeled with the first principles quantum molecular dynamics technique. Three distinct transitions were observed and characterized with the calculation of their phonon spectra. The results show that Na8 cluster can exist in rigid, disordered and liquidlike phases. These observations substantiate a previous classical molecular dynamics calculation using an empirical potential.


On the basis of ab initio density-functional calculations we have analyzed the character of the interatomic bonding in the intermetallic compounds ${\mathrm{Al}}_{3}(\mathrm{V},\mathrm{Ti})$ with the $D{0}_{22}$ and $L{1}_{2}$ structures. In all structures we found an enhanced charge density along the $\mathrm{Al}\ensuremath{-}(\mathrm{V},\mathrm{Ti})$ bonds, a characteristic feature of covalent bonding. The bonds in ${\mathrm{Al}}_{3}\mathrm{V}$ with the $D{0}_{22}$ structure are more saturated and stronger than the corresponding bonds in ${\mathrm{Al}}_{3}\mathrm{Ti}$. High symmetry of the transition metal sites in the $L{1}_{2}$ structure leads to higher metalicity of alloys assuming this structure. The bond strength is quantitatively examined by tensile deformations. The ideal strength of ${\mathrm{Al}}_{3}\mathrm{V}$ and ${\mathrm{Al}}_{3}\mathrm{Ti}$ under uniaxial tensile deformation was found to be significantly higher than that of both fcc Al and bcc V. We investigated also the changes of the interatomic bonding in ${\mathrm{Al}}_{3}\mathrm{V}$ during tensile deformation. We found that the covalent interplanar $\mathrm{Al}\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{V}$ bonds disappear before reaching the maximal stress. The weakening of the bonding between the atomic planes during the deformation is accompanied by a strengthening of in-plane bonding and an enhanced covalent character of the intraplanar bonds. Interplanar bonding becomes more metallic under tensile deformation.


The inhibition activities of tea saponin against Pyricularia grisea,Rhizoctonia solani,Sclerotinia sclerotiorum,Penicillium italicum,Glomerella lagenaria,Fusarium oxysporumr,Glomerella ciugulata,Colletotrichum musae,Phytophthora parasitica,Fusarium oxysporum,Bipolaris maydis and Peronophythora litchi were studied by mycelium growth rate inhibition assay.The results showed that tea saponin had significant antifungal activity.After treatment with 1 000 μg/mL,the inhibition rates of tea saponin against Pyricularia grisea,Penicillium italicum,Glomerella lagenaria,Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Bipolaris maydis were 100.00%,100.00%,89.12%,87.27% and 83.13% respectively.The EC50 values against Pyricularia grisea and Penicillium italicum were 20.15 μg/mL and 11.39 μg/mL respectively.Tea saponin had no activity against Fusarium oxysporum with the EC50 value exceeding 2 000 μg/mL.On the other hand,tea saponin had higher antifungal activities against Pyricularia grisea than sulfur tricyclazole,and the inhibition rate against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum was not significantly different betweent tea saponin and procymidone by toxicity comparison in laboratory.


ArsenazoⅢ-Lanthanum(Ⅲ) can react with proteins to produce supermolecular complexes Arsenazo Ⅲ-Lanthanum(Ⅲ)-BSA in the buffer solution of citrate sodiumHCl(pH 2.5).The binding interaction is completed within 2 min at room temperature,and causes absorbance decrease at 650nm of the Arsenazo Ⅲ-Lanthanum(Ⅲ) complex.The decrease of absorbance is proportional to concentration of proteins.The linear range is from 0.5 to 35 mg/L for BSA,from 1to 40 mg/L for HAS,from 1.7 to 45 mg/L for Lyso.The method has been applied to the determination of protein in human serum albumin samples with satisfactory results.


The toughness of ceramic materials makes them difficult to comminute and, consequently, during comminution in stirred media mills the grinding beads are subject to considerable wear. Wear cannot be avoided completely, but it can be reduced by the selection of suitable materials. Experimental investigations were carried out to show the effect of various operational parameters, grinding chamber geometries and hardness of the grinding beads on the wear of the grinding beads.


PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a part having an oil-repellent film showing oil-repellency sufficient enough for letting a droplet of fuel or lubricant oil smoothly slide down from a surface in the vicinity of a jet hole of a fuel injector, and to provide its manufacturing method. SOLUTION: The part 10 has the oil-repellent film 14 on a surface of a metallic base material 12 wherein the oil-repellent film 14 has a PES (polyether sulfone) underlayer 16 adhering to the surface of the base material and an upper layer 18 made by dispersing a dispersed phase 22 of FEP (ethylene tetrafluoride/propylene hexafluoride copolymer) in a PES continuous phase 20 integrated with the PES of the underlayer 16 wherein the upper layer 18 is exposed as the surface of the oil-repellent film 14. The weight ratio of PES to FEP both constructing the oil-repellent film 14, that is, PES wt.%:FEP wt.% is preferably 40:60 to 80:20, more preferably 60:40 to 75:25. The surface of the base material 12 is preferably roughened in order to enhance adhesion to the PES underlayer 16. COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT


There are potential laboratory biomarkers that can be used to ascertain the severity and progression of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), thereby predicting the survival of COVID‐19 patients. For instance, there were rises in the levels of C‐reactive protein (CRP), serum amyloid A, interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), lactate dehydrogenase, neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio, D‐dimer, cardiac troponin, and renal biomarkers (Urea and creatinine levels;) in COVID‐19 patients, and monitoring these biomarkers is important in defining the severity and progression of COVID‐19 among these patients.[1]


Presentation of Case A sixty-six-year-old woman entered the hospital because of abdominal discomfort and cough. Two years before entry the patient had the sudden onset of dyspnea, ankle swelling, palpitation and discomfort in the chest. Digitalis and chlorothiazide caused some improvement and thereafter were taken erratically. Dyspnea after climbing one flight of stairs persisted, and orthopnea requiring two pillows and ankle swelling occurred on several occasions. There was no severe chest pain, hypertension, fainting or hemoptysis. Occasional episodes of epigastric discomfort occurred during the year before entry, and mild fatty-food intolerance had been present for several years. One week before . . .


Abstract. The purpose of this research is to examine the implementation of the image of a brand that done by clothing distro chronic merch rock , to know the response of the consumers of the location of chronic merch rock , to know the response of the consumers on a decree purchases in chronic rock merch and to find how big the influence of brand image and the location of the decision of the purchase. The methodology that was used is the method survey and the withdrawal of technique in the sample is non probability accidential the sampling method of .The kind of research is verifikatif quantitative .Population in this research is chronic consumers rock merch .Samples to be taken is 60 respondents .The method of analysis the data used was aimed at linear regression analysis and the worship of idols such as of the relations between independent variable x1 and x2 ) with the independent variable ( dependent variable ( y ). The results of the testing are stated that the variable brand image in full of the decision of the purchase of significant and variable locations in full of the decision of the purchase of significant .And simultaneously variable brand image and the location of significant of the decision Keywords: Brand Image, Location, Purchase Decision Abstrak . Tujuan Penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pelaksanaan Citra Merek yang dilakukan oleh clothing distro Chronic Rock Merch, untuk mengetahui tanggapan konsumen mengenai Lokasi Chronic Rock Merch, untuk mengetahui tanggapan konsumen mengenai Keputusan Pembelian di Chronic Rock Merch dan untuk mencari seberapa besar pengaruh Citra Merek dan Lokasi terhadap Keputusan Pembelian. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode survey. Jenis penelitian adalah verifikatif kuantitatif. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah konsumen Chronic Rock Merch. Sampel yang diambil adalah 60 orang responden. Metode analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis regresi linier berganda bertujuan untuk mengatahui arah hubungan antara variable independen (X 1 ) dan variabel independen (X 2 ) dengan variabel dependen (Y). Hasil pengujian ini menyatakan bahwa variabel Citra Merek secara parsial berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Keputusan Pembelian dan variabel Lokasi secara parsial berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Keputusan Pembelian. Dan secara simultan variabel Citra Merek dan Lokasi berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Keputusan Pembelian di clothing distro Chronic Rock. Kata Kunci : Citra Merek, Lokasi, Keputusan Pembelian.


The synthesis of chiral periodic mesoporous organosilicas (ChiMO) of MCM-41 type using a bis-silylated tartramide derived from l-(+)-dimethyl tartrate (Sharpless and Kagan ligand) has been studied. The ChiMO materials were characterized by powder XRD, TEM, and nitrogen adsorption–desorption measurements, verifying their successful preparation. The evidence of the covalent bonding between the organic chiral precursor and the inorganic silica framework structure was confirmed by 13C and 29Si NMR solid state measurements. The synthesized chiral PMO was found to catalyze the asymmetric oxidation of thioanisole with good sulfoxide yield and moderate enantioselectivity. Reutilization of the "solid" chiral ligand led to similar optical yields to that obtained with the fresh ChiMO, revealing the true heterogeneous nature of the immobilized tartrate derivative.


, ?Urs of the Session are exhibited in the volume before us, which conins a series of papers of great value and interest. We are happy to ^arn that the improved state of the finances of the Society has led the ouncil to act with increased liberality towards the contributors to the ./ansactions. The authors are not now obliged to bear any portion of e expense of the plates illustrating their papers?not even of the colorIs of them, and they receive a limited number of private copies free of Cost. The present volume, though containing a less number of papers an its predecessor, forms a bulky book of 623 pages, owing to the great ength of some of the communications ; indeed, one of the papers occupies ?o much space that it might well have been published in an independent


Hong Kong police's prevention and control to public security are realized mainly through unceasing patrol. This article introduces the three patrol forces and the basic situations of their carrying out patrol and also centers on the analysis of its patrol system and the practical and efficient duty mechanism, which are of great value to be used for reference to the interior public security organization's patrol duty reform.


The study investigated the lipid metabolism of Tsaiya ducks under fasting and ad libitum feeding conditions. Sixty Tsaiya ducks in their growing period (8-12 wk-old) and sixty Tsaiya ducks in their laying period (26-30 wk-old, 10-14 weeks after the onset of laying) were randomly divided into ad libitum feeding and 3-day fasting groups. The activities of lipid metabolism related enzymes were determined. Experimental results indicated that fasting depressed the activities of lipogenesis related enzymes such as fatty acid synthetase and NADP-malic dehydrogenase in both periods (p<0.05). Fasting also increased the activities of liver fatty acid β- oxidation enzymes (p<0.05). However, the activities of lipoprotein lipase in adipose tissue, heart and ovarian follicle in both periods and the hormone-sensitive lipase of adipose tissue in the growing period were decreased by fasting (p<0.01). (Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 2003. Vol 16, No. 3 : 403-408)


Marxist philosophy plays an extremely key role in the process of implementing moral education and cultivating people. Ideological and political courses in colleges and universities in the new era should fully recognize the difficulties in realizing the problem of cultivating talents by virtue, grasp the basic connotation of cultivating talents by virtue, strengthen the timeliness of cultivating


Summary

Polyphenol and pH influence the flavour quality of cocoa beans during roasting. Amino acids and reducing sugars are flavour precursors in cocoa beans, which develop into cocoa-specific aroma through Maillard reactions during roasting. A central composite design was applied to determine the combined effect of polyphenol and pH on the flavour precursors during cocoa roasting at 120 °C for 45 min using a lipidic model system. Polyphenol was added at 40, 80 and 120 g kg−1 and pH was adjusted to 4.5, 6 and 7.5. The response surface methodology revealed that a lower concentration of amino acids and reducing sugars was obtained at higher polyphenol concentration (120 g kg−1) and lower pH value (4.5). Based on the constraints set, the best polyphenol concentration of 43–58 g kg−1 and pH of 7.0–7.5 was found to be optimum for the formation of flavour precursors in this lipidic model study.


BackgroundBreaking Bad News and having conversations at the end of life is an important skill needed for Foundation Doctors. Every year all our Foundation Year 1 (FY1) doctors undertake this teaching. Due to COVID-19 we quickly changed our traditional face-to face teaching day, to a virtual session. We wanted to understand if this virtual teaching was valuable for participants and what impact it may have on their clinical practice.MethodsDuring the academic year of 2020–2021 we conducted 6 virtual teaching sessions around end-of-life conversations, resuscitation decisions and breaking bad news. These sessions were undertaken by FY1 doctors. Each student completed an eLearning module then attended the teaching session. Teaching sessions involved mixed educational modalities including didactic sessions, role plays and group reflective discussions over the course of 1 day. Each session involved up to 20–25 participants per session. They only needed to attend 1 session over the year. Approximately 6–8 weeks later attendees were invited to fill in an evaluation to understand the impact of the teaching for them.ResultsApproximately 120 FY1 doctors attended one of the 6 sessions from September 2020 to March 2021. 34 attendees completed the delayed evaluation. 62% found they were looking after dying patients weekly, with 30% having conversations with either patients or relatives about dying most weeks. 70% felt the virtual teaching had changed the way they had conversations with dying patients and their relatives. Examples included feeling empowered to start these conversations, how to pace the information given and the importance of using the word die in the conversation.ConclusionThis first year of doing these sessions virtually has been overall positive, with some significant clinical impact for these junior doctors. These challenging topics are still educationally impactful despite being taught virtually.


Contemporary attention to presidential war power focuses on the possibility of "perpetual war." This essay contextualizes that controversy by returning to the nation's first international crisis - the War of 1812 - to consider the ways James Madison's rhetoric established precedents that empowered presidents to act with rhetorical impunity in international affairs. Analyzing an overlooked but influential anti-war pamphlet written by John Lowell reveals public concerns about Madison's War and the dangers presidential rhetoric poses to the constitutional order. In doing so, this essay revises contemporary thinking about the imperial presidency, the rhetorical presidency, and the nature of perpetual war.


Emotion recognition is one of the important applications of computer vision and artificial intelligence for human computer interaction. 'Surprise, Anger, Neutral, Fear, Sad, Happy, and Disgust' are the seven basic emotions of humans. In this work, CMU MultiPIE database has been used to train and test the emotion recognition model. This model is then used to test the emotions of people in real-time in situations like interview, online classroom, office meetings, other human interactions etc. The emotions considered in this work are happy, surprise, angry, disgust and neutral. In interviews, a face-scanning algorithm helps to decide whether one deserves the job or not. Moving beyond recruitment, the same model can be used in schools to assess whether students are paying attention or to identify whether employees are paying attention in office meetings. It is required to develop a model that can detect emotions in videos with less number of images in the training set that works well for unknown samples. Meta-Learning provides a solution for this problem. The train database consists of front pose face images from CMU MultiPIE database. The test database contains various head pose images from CMU MultiPIE database. The proposed model provides an accuracy of 95% and 85% for training and testing respectively.


The value of reactive power resources was proposed to be introduced to the pricing of reactive power based on marginal cost and power flow tracing.An average method was proposed to define reactive power value factors which were introduced to the transport cost of branch.The simulation results were compared with the situation where the reactive power value was not considered.It can be viewed that the total reactive power cost of load is not changed,but the cost has increased,for the load is far away from the reactive power sources.And the cost has decreased,for the load is near the reactive power sources.It can be expected to urge the reactive power compensated locally.


To evaluate the usefulness of a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay as a complementary tool in the diagnosis of prosthetic joint infections in the routine setting of a clinical microbiology laboratory, with a special focus on patients at high risk of culture‐negative infections and high suspicion of infection.


The mammalian neocortex has a remarkable ability to precisely reproduce behavioral sequences or to reliably retrieve stored information. In contrast, spiking activity in behaving animals shows a considerable trial-to-trial variability and temporal irregularity. The signal propagation and processing underlying these confl icting observations is based on fundamental neurophysiological processes like synaptic transmission, signal integration within single cells, and spike formation. Each of these steps in the neuronal signaling chain has been studied separately to a great extend, but it has been diffi cult to judge how they interact and sum up in active sub-networks of neocortical cells. In the present study, we experimentally assessed the precision and reliability of small neocortical networks consisting of trans-columnar, intermediate-range projections (200–1000 µm) on a millisecond timescale. Employing photo-uncaging of glutamate in acute slices, we activated a number of distant presynaptic cells in a spatio-temporally precisely controlled manner, while monitoring the resulting membrane potential fl uctuations of a postsynaptic cell. We found that signal integration in this part of the network is highly reliable and temporally precise. As numerical simulations showed, the residual membrane potential variability can be attributed to amplitude variability in synaptic transmission and may signifi cantly contribute to trial-to-trial output variability of a rate signal. However, it does not impair the temporal accuracy of signal integration. We conclude that signals from intermediate-range projections onto neocortical neurons are propagated and integrated in a highly reliable and precise manner, and may serve as a substrate for temporally precise signal transmission in neocortical networks. At the cellular level, the neuronal signal propagation chain can be divided into four functional components: synaptic transmission , dendritic integration of synaptic events, the spike generating mechanism, and the axonal propagation of action potentials. Each of these components has its own physiological characteristics, and the integral of all four determines the overall behavior of an individual neuron. The spike generating mechanism in cortical cells has been shown to react reliable and with high temporal precision to fast transient membrane potential fl uctuations in a series of in vitro studies that employed noise current injection Action potential propagation itself seems not to infl uence precision in the neocortex substantially. Even though there have been reports on failures of action potential propagation at axonal branching points in cultured dorsal root ganglion cells (Lüscher et al., 1994) and in the hippocampus (Debanne et al., 1996), for neocortical neurons it has been shown …


Two methods for estimating Avogadro's number from the observation of the daylight sky are presented, both suitable for undergraduate students. One is very simple and based on simple naked-eye observation, and the other exploits a common digital camera as a photometer.


This work presents a computational fluid dynamics analysis of two mechanisms of forced convection implement in an industrial scale electrochemical reactor. The reactor has the main objective of reducing aqueous hexavalent chromium from rinse baths of the electroplating industry. The mechanisms available in the manufacturing plant are mechanical agitation with an impeller and pneumatic agitation with air blowers. Theoretical results confirm that due to the geometry and arrangement of the electrochemical cell, the air blowers develop a homogeneous flow, while the mechanical agitation only enhances the circulation in the impeller zone. This behavior explains the results obtained at the industry scale since the rate of Cr(VI) reduction is faster with pneumatic agitation, so this mechanism must be selected.


Toronto Walking Tours is an inexpensive way of seeing Toronto during the Summer that is disabled/smoker friendly in a safe environment.


A homogenization framework is developed that accounts for the effect of size at the micro- or nanoscale. This is achieved by endowing the interfaces of the micro- or nanoscopic features with their own independent structure, using the theory of surface elasticity. Following a standard small-strain approach for the microscopic deformation in terms of the macroscopic strain tensor, a Hill-type averaging condition is used to link the two scales. A procedure for determining overall effective properties in the case of composites with elastic components and elastic material interfaces is presented. A special example of multilayered composites demonstrates the correlation between a material interface and a very thin interphase layer.


The study examined the effects of shift pattern and expertise on perceived workload and performance for aviation security screeners. 18 security screeners participated in this study, in which data were analyzed by dividing them into two groups (experts vs. less-experts). We measured their perceived workloads and performances (i.e., reading time through X-ray) as a function of shift pattern and time condition. As a result, highly experienced screeners (experts) showed high workload during the morning shift, while lowly experienced screeners (less-experts) reported high workload during the full-day and the afternoon shifts. In addition, less-experts took a longer time to inspect the baggage when they worked for the full-day and the afternoon shifts. Particularly, in the last time slot of the full-dat shift, expert screeners had a high workload, while both groups showed a high-level of workload at around 17:30 in the afternoon shift.


The aim of this research is to find out the techniques used by the teachers in teaching vocabulary at SMA Negeri 14 Sigi and to find the students' responses toward the teachers' tecniques in teaching vocabulary at SMA Negeri 14 Sigi. This study employed descriptive qualitative research. The research instruments used to collect the data were interview and questionnaire. The findings show that there are two English teachers in SMA Negeri 14 Sigi, the first teacher (Y) used three techniques in teaching vocabulary: jumble word, making a match and games. Meanwhile the second teacher (E) used two techniques in teaching vocabulary: using picture and using video. The teacher used those techniques to improve students' vocabulary mastery. The teacher can give the material clearly to the students by using those techniques. Based on the questionnaire, mostly the students were interested in learning by used that techniques. so can be seen if they enjoy the teaching learning process of English. The implication of this findings is the teacher needs to use other techniques that is interesting in teaching learning process and also use the other media to support teaching learning process.


Introduction : Selection of proper donor according to stringent selection criteria is the prerequisite for safe blood transfusion practice. It is widely known that a large number of blood donors are deferred for different reasons. Objective : The aim of present study is to evaluate the incidence and different reasons of blood donor deferral in atertiary care hospital. Methodology : This retrospective cross-sectional study was carried out in Transfusion Medicine and Clinical Haematology Department of BIRDEM General Hospital, Dhaka, during the period from July 2016 to June 2017.The blood donor of either sex attending the mentioned department were selected purposively and categorized into four groups according to their age for this study. Donors were selected and deferred by medical officer according to national guideline. Deferred blood donors were recorded in register book and were analyzed retrospectively. Results : In current study, 1152 blood donor (8.8%) were deferred attending for allogeneic blood donation during the study period. Out of 13082 registered blood donor 11961were male (91.43%) and 1121 were female (8.57%) and deferral rate was 2.37 times more in female. Majority of the deferred donors (55.38%) were under the age of 40 where 26.82% were in between 40-49 years and 17.8% were in the range of 50 years and above. Age range of highest deferred donors (32.20%) was between 30-39 years. The number of temporary and permanent deferral were 836 (72.57 %) and 316 (27.43%) respectively. Anaemia (33.01%), underweight (21.53%) and hypotension (17.34%) were the most common reason of temporary deferral. Chronic uncontrolled hypertension (42.4%), donors with medication (16.77%) and asthma (15.18%) was the most common cause of permanent deferral. Conclusion : The deferral rate was low and most of the deferred donors were young adult. Temporary deferred donors were higher than permanent deferred donors. The most common reasons for temporary deferral were anemia, underweight and hypotension. Permanent deferral causes were chronic uncontrolled hypertension, donors on medication for various reason and asthma. Donors should be informed with a clear message on their deferral status. It is important to determine the rate and causes of donor deferral for the safety of blood transfusion and to guide the recruitment efforts for safe blood transfusion and to avoid the permanent loss of blood donors.


Responsibility is human awareness behavior or actionsof intentional or unintentional, and has the meaning of awarenessmanifesting the obligation to carry it out. Humans feel responsible because they realized of the good or bad consequences of their actions, and also realize that the other requires their dedication or sacrifice. In the Islamic educationperspective, the responsibility for Islamic education is carried out by parents, teachers, schools, the environment, government and other with an interest in education world. Some aspects of the Islamic educationresponsibility that great concern are education of tawhid (faith), morals, physicality, intellect, heart (psychic), social and sexual education. This paper is an attempt to understand the responsibility of perspective educators in Islamic education, by using a literature review approach


This paper presents a kind of minitype high temperature superconducting(HTS) magnetic flux pump,its basic operation principle is described and studied in detail.According to the design,the setup has been developed and the working performance has been tested for the minitype HTS flux pump.The experimental result shows it is expected to supply power for the HTS closed loop which resistance is within 1μΩ.Using this minitype HTS flux pump may solve some problems such as joint resistance and low n-index in HTS closed loop systems.The new developed flux pump would help to the application of Bi series or other high temperature superconducting tapes in superconducting magnet closed loop systems.


This article presents a distributed synchronization strategy for connected and automated vehicles in traffic networks. The strategy considers vehicles traveling from one intersection to the next as waves. The phase angle and frequency of each wave map to its position and velocity, respectively. The goal is to synchronize traffic such that intersecting traffic waves are out of phase at every intersection. This ensures the safe collective navigation of intersections. Vehicles share their phase angles through the V2X infrastructure, and synchronize these angles using the Kuramoto equation. This is a classical model for the self-synchronization of coupled oscillators. The mapping between phase and location for vehicles on different roads is designed such that Kuramoto synchronization ensures safe intersection navigation. Each vehicle uses a constrained optimal control policy to achieve its desired target Kuramoto phase at the upcoming intersection. The overall outcome is a distributed traffic synchronization algorithm that simultaneously tackles two challenges traditionally addressed independently, namely: coordinating crossing at an individual intersection, and harmonizing traffic flow between adjacent intersections. Simulation studies highlight the positive impact of this strategy on fuel consumption and traffic delay time, compared to a network with traditional traffic light timing.


This paper is related to the measuring tool that is used for interior designer and general people. The problem they are facing is that they must do multiple works just to measure and record the data measured. The development of digital measuring tool that can measure distance and save data at the same time will make their work more convenient and easier. Ultrasonic sensors, which are usually used to detect obstacle are developed for the measuring device and PIC16F877A is used as microcontroller and device to save data. Detailed of the experimental result are shown in this paper. The first experimental result show the distance measured by ultrasonic sensor is not same with the actual measurement but after making some calculation, a formula is been produced and is been added to the program. Finally, the distance measured by ultrasonic sensor is tally with the actual measurement. Unfortunately, 'save data' function cannot be done because of the error on the programming part. Conclusion, the developed digital measuring tool has not completely achieved the objective planned.


In the literature 47 cases of congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation of the lung are reported. The case here described, is remareable because of two lung lobes being affected and the resulting hydrops fetalis. The possible developing mechanisme of the hydrops is being discussed.


Abstract Soft law is often seen as a way to overcome certain problems of legitimacy in international law, notably the weaknesses of a voluntaristic conception of international law's validity. Other perceived benefits of soft law include flexibility, speed of adoption and modification, and even effectiveness. Yet, soft law is seen by others as a threat to law, because it effaces the border between law and politics. This paper explores different approaches to the boundary between law and not-law that seek both to maintain this boundary and to reconceptualize it in a way that better anchors the validity of international legal rules.


Very small variations in Nd-142 abundance in SNC meteorites lunar basalts, and a terrestrial supracrustal rock, have been attributed to the decay of 103 Ma Sm-146 initially present in basalt source regions in varying abundances as a result of planetary differentiation. We previously interpreted variations in Nd-142 abundances in two Apollo 17 high-Ti basalts, three Apollo 12 low-Ti basalts, and two KREEP basalts as defining an isochron giving a formation interval of approximately 94 Ma for the lunar mantle. Here we report new data for a third Apollo 17 high-Ti basalt, two Apollo 15 low-Ti basalts, the VLT basaltic lunar meteorite A881757 (formerly Asuka 31), basalt-like KREEP impact melt rocks 14310 and 14078, and three terrestrial rock standards. Those lunar samples which were not exposed to large lunar surface thermal neutron fluences yield a revised mantle formation interval of 237 +/- 64 Ma.


Th e paper deals with application of se- lected analytical methods in order to analyse fi eld data from heavy o ff -road military vehicles. Th e information from the engine oil are interpreted in form of polluting particles like partic- les from wear process (e.g. Fe, Pb, Cu, etc.) and particles from oil deteriora- tion itself (like Mn, Si, Zn, etc.). Th ese particles can give us information both about system state and about oil state. We have reasonable set of oil data from fi eld operation available. Based on the data we assume being able to determine the system condition and propose some changes (e.g. in residual operation life, in maintenance modi fi cations in the in- tervals, in mission planning, etc.). Selec- ted methods like regression analysis and fuzzy inference system are used for the data assessment.  W artykule przedstawiono zastosowa- nie wybranych metod analitycznych do oceny stanu technicznego ci ez kich wojskowych pojazdow terenowych. Przedstawiono sposoby i metody inter- pretacji zawarto ś ci pierwiastkow (np. Fe, Pb, Cu) w przepracowanym oleju silnikowym. Autorzy uwa z aj ą , z e cz ą st- ki te nios ą informacj e o stanie systemu, w ktorym pracuje olej oraz o samym oleju. Bazuj ą c na wynikach analizy ole- ju istnieje mo z liwo śc oceny stanu tech- nicznego systemu mechanicznego oraz wyznaczenie czasow przegl ą dow i dzia- l a n prewencyjnych.


Sociology of science, broadly speaking, is concerned with the construction of logico-empirical propositions about the dynamic interdependence between science and society. In this sense it is a branch of sociology of knowledge, since the latter studies different types of idea systems (science, religion, philosophy, ideology etc.) and their relations with various societal factors. Merton's formulations in sociology of science may be considered as centred around the following main themes :


Along this work we have analyzed the way skyscrapers build a representation of the reality and of the economical world, how the will of power ‐particularly economic‐ is expressed and which is the nature of that power. And we conclude that the will of power reiterated by skyscrapers can be seen as uncontrollable, unsatisfied and insatiable of life and deeply irrational, so we can say that the Schopenhauer, Nietzsche and Freud programs have been completed as far as for them, power means the absolute and unlimited, irrational and blind will to live. But, at the same time, skyscrapers compliment the weberian program because they search for legitimacy and exemplify a certain visible configuration of power, individual and collective, personal and impersonal. In a few words, although skyscrapers from an horizontal point of view look close to the city and earth, vertically seem move away form earth which denotes, finally that they pretend not only triumph over earth but over the sky.


Metabolic syndrome (MS) is likely to be associated with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The prevalence of NAFLD in visceral fat type MS (V‐type MS) is known to be higher than in subcutaneous fat type MS (S‐type MS) in men with MS, and a larger subcutaneous fat area is reported to be not associated with NAFLD in women. We elucidated differences between V‐type S‐type MS in Japanese women with MS.


The $\omega$-limit set $\omega_B$ of a nonautonomous dynamical system generated by a nonautonomous ODE with a positive invariant compact absorbing set $B$ is shown to be asymptotic positive invariant in general and asymptotic negative invariant if, in addition, the vector field is uniformly continuous
in time on the absorbing set. This set has been called the forward attracting set of the nonautonomous dynamical system and is related to Vishik's concept of a uniform attractor.
If $\omega_B$ is also assumed to be uniformly attracting, then its upper semi continuity in a parameter and the upper semi continuous convergence of its counterparts under discretisation by the implicit Euler scheme are established.


The thesis focuses on environment quality modelling using LVQ neural networks in selected areas of the Pardubice region. This task is closely related to the protection of the environment as a whole. Thus, this work includes comprehensive report on the state of the environment both in Pardubice region and in the Czech Republic, which is followed by setting parameters for environment quality modelling. Modelling is also related to data acquisition and processing. Mobile monitoring station HORIBA was used to collect data, which were processed using the Kohonen neural networks since modelling using LVQ neural networks requires the classes to be identified beforehand. This thesis includes individual chapter dedicated to LVQ_PAK program environment and two applications that have been developed to facilitate tasks described above.


Identification of minimum number of local regions of a handwritten character image, containing well-defined discriminating features which are sufficient for a minimal but complete description of the character is a challenging task. A new region selection technique based on the idea of an enhanced Harmony Search methodology has been proposed here. The powerful framework of Harmony Search has been utilized to search the region space and detect only the most informative regions for correctly recognizing the handwritten character. The proposed method has been tested on handwritten samples of Bangla Basic, Compound and mixed (Basic and Compound characters)characters separately with SVM based classifier using a longest run based feature-set obtained from the image sub-regions formed by a CG based quad-tree partitioning approach. Applying this methodology on the above mentioned three types of datasets, respectively 43.75%, 12.5% and 37.5% gains have been achieved in terms of region reduction and 2.3%, 0.6% and 1.2% gains have been achieved in terms of recognition accuracy. The results show a sizeable reduction in the minimal number of descriptive regions as well a significant increase in recognition accuracy for all the datasets using the proposed technique. Thus the time and cost related to feature extraction is decreased without dampening the corresponding recognition accuracy.


Nephrogenic adenoma is an infrequently encountered lesion of the urinary bladder and is thought to be a meta-plastic response to a chronic irritation. The histology of this lesion is quite characteristic. If one is not aware of this entity, a mistaken diagnosis of malignancy may be rendered.


Texture recognition is study on the texture in a large area, the goal is to classify the texture in the area and determine which category they belong to. Its basic content is to use the texture feature extraction method to get the texture feature, and then use the appropriate classifier to classify. In this paper, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is used to reduce the feature dimension of the original image to get the texture image features with lower dimension first. Then the features are fused by the coarse-to-fine strategy, and finally the texture is classified by the double probability neural network. Experimental results show that, compared with the common classification methods, the proposed texture image recognition method improves the correct recognition rate.


Abstract Due to the significant impacts of CO2-oil miscibility, reservoir heterogeneity, and injection pattern on oil production, a fascinating experimental investigation is provided. The outcomes express that CO2 consumption in homogeneous cores are lower than heterogeneous cores. A small amount of permeability heterogeneity as one of the indications of heterogeneity, can highly effect on the performance of miscible and immiscible injections. On the miscibility viewpoint, multi-contact miscible injections have better performance than immiscible injections in range of 7.2% − 16.4%. Also, the injection patterns comparisons express that best choice for pattern injection is water alternating gas injection.


The realization of practical teleoperation services can solve the social problem of uneven population distribution, enabling anyone to live/work where and with whom they want to live. We introduce two main strategies of technology development for this purpose: 1) simple and intuitive vision-based operation technology integrated with mobile smart devices, and 2) augmented avatar technology that can be flexibly designed to complete diverse set of tasks. IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA) 2023 c © 2023 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works. Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories, Inc. 201 Broadway, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139 Abstract— The realization of practical teleoperation services can solve the social problem of uneven population distribution, enabling anyone to live/work where and with whom they want to live. We introduce two main strategies of technology development for this purpose: 1) simple and intuitive vision-based operation technology integrated with mobile smart devices, and 2) augmented avatar technology that can be flexibly designed to complete diverse set of tasks. The realization of practical teleoperation services can solve the social problem of uneven population distribution, enabling anyone to live/work where and with whom they want to live. We introduce two main strategies of technology development for this purpose: 1) simple and intuitive vision-based operation technology integrated with mobile smart devices, and 2) augmented avatar technology that can be flexibly designed to complete diverse set of tasks.


How should reformers respond to America's racial stain? The problem is more complex than many imagine. Political activists usually attempt to promote change by taking advantage of a gap between current reality and a touchstone they use to measure the normative desirability of that reality. But what if the touchstone itself is infected by the reality that activists want to change? Consider first the Constitution. For much of our history, social movements have resorted to constitutional law and rhetoric as a foundation grounding campaigns for reform. That history creates a problem: if critique of the status quo is deep enough to erode the moral standing of the Constitution itself, then reformers destroy the substrate on which the critique rests. There is no simple way for a document born in original sin to cleanse itself of its own impurity.


Today, the phenomenon of globalization and free trade agreements such as the Free Trade Area of the Americas FTAA, the Free Trade Agreement NAFTA, among other factors have caused rapid changes in both the global economy and in the commercial market growth in country, which affects and involves Ecuadorian companies, and are required to establish competitive strategies, one of which may be to implement a plan of continuous improvement of products and processes, in addition to training and development its human resources, which is the cornerstone of an organizational culture of quality, these are the only organizations that may have a market share that will allow them to receive economic benefits and remained in time.


The definition of "noise figure of any port" is extended to the case of non-equal input noise power,and two methods for testing noise figure of multi-port network are put forward.The first method is convenient,which only requires measurement of the noise figure of any port.The second method contains no systematic error,but it is somewhat complicated.Examples for these two methods are given,and the results are compared,which suggests that these two methods are consistent with each other.In addition,the results of the second method prove that the systematic error in the first method can be neglected.These two methods are applicable not only to equal gain network,but also to non-equal gain network,and examples for non-equal gain network are included.This method can be applied to any multi-port network such as T/R module for phased array radar.


Abstract Shell damage, if properly recognized, can provide information about biotic interactions between molluscs and their predators. However, it can be difficult to distinguish predatory damage from mechanical breakage, thus making interpretation of damaged modern and fossil shells problematic. To establish a clear-cut distinction between antemortem predatory crab damage and ante- and postmortem mechanical damage in Mytilus trossulus shells, a combined field and experimental approach was used. Mussels were exposed to predation by crabs, tumbled-live, tumbled-dead, and trampled. After 100 h of tumbling, live-collected mussel shells were abraded and disarticulated but not otherwise damaged. Eight percent of the dead-collected shells were broken during tumbling. There was a proportional (length, width, and thickness) size reduction in both tumbled-live and tumbled-dead shells after 100 h. Breakage caused by crab predation under laboratory conditions was ∼19% of the prey offered. Three types of diagnostic damage were inflicted by crab predation: nibbles, nibbles and chips, and peels. Trampling and tumbling yielded three diagnostic breakage patterns: crescentic chips, angular chips, and slivered chips. Crushed shells and shells with fractured margins were caused by predation and trampling. Only twenty percent of the trampled-shells could be mistaken for preyed-upon shells. Only twenty-seven percent of the preyed-on shells could be mistaken for mechanically-damaged shells. Overall, the source of damage could be correctly identified in 74% of the shells. Proper identification of crab predation in dead shells of this commercially important resource may prove valuable in studies of trophic interactions in modern environments. Inferring levels of crab predation, based on damage in fossil specimens, can be reliable if such analyses are calibrated by experimental studies of living representatives or analogs.


This article focuses on synchronizing timetables of train services at a rail transfer station. The main aim is to determine an optimal schedule of train services, given that the departure and arrival times of some particular trains are known. An exponential utility function is introduced to measure the synchronization levels between different train services. A nonlinear integer programming model is proposed to achieve the objective of a synchronized timetable. A dynamic programming approach is then designed to solve the developed model. Finally, a numerical example with real-world datasets is implemented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approaches.


We consider the several plane sector domains which are bonded together along common edges with vertex at the origin. Such domains appear in electric conducting problem with multi-layered heterogeneous media. Our aim is to give a structure theorem of the singularities of the electric field at the corner. Also, we provide a regularity theorem for the electric field.


Analysis of farm bill wheat policy options in response to a request from Senators Crapo and Baucus and Representatives Musgrave and Pomeroy.


It is very important that now a day's reduction of power consumption and optimal utilization of the power sources which is available for consumer. In this paper we have designed a controlling of electrical appliance through matrixbased system. The PIR sensor is placed in the coordination of column and row for the particular interval. The PIR sensor automatically controls the electrical appliance based on the object detection. The system is equipped with temperature sensor to control the operational of the fans seasonally without the intervention of manual switches. Additional features are introduced in the control using controller for making it a smart system. The system based on simplex wireless communication in which the sensors are connected to a RF transmitter which transmits the data to the RF receiver at the controller side and the appliances are controlled according the data send by the transmitter. The manual switches are taken down by the electromagnetic relay switches for the controlling of the lights and fans which are distributed across the room in a matrix form.


Abstract : The Proceedings document the presentations at a workshop conducted in Sep 1984 on the lessons learned from recent operational experiences. The operational experiences included: training exercises at the National Training Center, REFORGER, and in Latin America; peacekeeping experiences in the Sinai and in El Salvador; combat experiences in the Falklands, Grenada, and in Lebanon; and handling of psychiatric casualties and returned hostages. Training exercises for teaching techniques for dealing with stress reactions were discussed. Originator supplied keywords include: Stress; population, Military; stress disorders, Post-traumatic; stress, Psychological; Combat; Lessons learned; Cohesion.


A method for computation of the rise of a marsh surface is presented that includes the effects of tidal and sea level variations, aggregation and deposition of cohesive suspended sediments, and the density and organic matter content of the marsh soil. An effective suspended sediment concentration in the flooding waters is obtained by calibration. Measurements of historical surface elevations can be used to include the effects of subsidence and consolidation. A demonstration of the model shows that the effects of deviations in sea level can have long lasting effects on marsh elevations.


Dynamics of stacked intrinsic Josephson junctions (IJJ) in the high-Tc superconductors is theoretically investigated. We calculate the current-voltage characteristics (CVC) of IJJ and study the breakpoint region on the outermost branch of the CVC for the stacks with 9 IJJ. A method for investigation of the fine structure in CVC of IJJ based on the recording the "phase-charge" diagrams is suggested. It is demonstrated that this method reflects the main features of the breakpoint region.


The rise of video surveillance in the United Kingdom, in the form of the public installation of closed circuit television (CCTV), has been seen by several scholars as a contributing factor to the increasing exclusion of unwanted categories of people from city centers, a development often referred to as the 'commercialization' or 'purification' of the city. Drawing from field observations over three years in control rooms in Oslo, Norway, this article discusses whether CCTV systems in Oslo contribute to a similar process of exclusion. To do so, I compare the open street video surveillance system with two other CCTV systems - a shopping mall and a major transport center. The introduction of open street CCTV in Oslo in 1999 did not create social exclusion, but recent developments show the possibility remains. Although drug addicts and young people were the primary targets of surveillance in all three sites studied, ejections varied considerably from site to site. The shopping mall system had a higher ejection rate than the open street system, and was therefore the system with the clearest exclusionary effects. Reasons for the different ejection rates are discussed, in particular the social structure of the site under surveillance and the organizational relationships of CCTV operators to the policing agents connected to the surveillance system.


We discuss a cyclic cosmology in which the visible universe, or introverse, is all that is accessible to an observer while the extroverse represents the total spacetime originating from the time when the dark energy began to dominate. It is argued that entanglement entropy of the introverse is the more appropriate quantity to render infinitely cyclic, rather than the entropy of the total universe. Since vanishing entanglement entropy implies disconnected spacetimes, at the turnaround when the introverse entropy is zero the disconnected extroverse can be jettisoned with impunity.


Phase change random access memory is one of the most important candidates for the next generation non-volatile memory technology. However, the ability to reduce its memory size is compromised by the fundamental limitations inherent in the CMOS technology. While 0T1R configuration without any additional access transistor shows great advantages in improving the storage density, the leakage current and small operation window limit its application in large-scale arrays. In this work, phase change heterojunction based on GeTe and n-Si is fabricated to address those problems. The relationship between threshold voltage and doping concentration is investigated, and energy band diagrams and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements are provided to explain the results. The threshold voltage is modulated to provide a large operational window based on this relationship. The switching performance of the heterojunction is also tested, showing a good reverse characteristic, which could effectively decrease the leakage current. Furthermore, a reliable read-write-erase function is achieved during the tests. Phase change heterojunction is proposed for high-density memory, showing some notable advantages, such as modulated threshold voltage, large operational window, and low leakage current.


The temporal and spatial dynamics of vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi were investigated in a desert ecosystem. Soil samples under the canopy of Zygophyllum dumosum were collected monthly between November 1999 and October 2000 from 0–10 and 10–20 cm depths. VAM fungal colonization and spore density were used to compare the responses of VAM fungi to soil conditions. The mean percent colonization and spore density of VAM fungi reached maximal values in November 1999 and September 2000. Soil moisture was positively correlated with colonization of VAM structure groups. Vesicular and arbuscular colonization were positively correlated with soil organic matter and total soluble N. Spore density was also positively correlated with total soluble N. Our results suggest that spore density and the extent of vesicular and arbuscular colonization are useful indicators for evaluating changes in desert soil ecosystems.


An algorithm for finite deformation plasticity theory, recently proposed by Simo [5] and Simo and Meschke [6], is applied to numerical simulations of localized failure in snow. Within the algorithmic framework for finite strain plasticity the classical Drucker-Prager model and the modified Cam-Clay model are employed for the representation of snow. The respective material parameters are calibrated according to results from hydrostatic and shear-box tests of snow specimen. The effectiveness of the FE-model is demonstrated by means of re-analyses of the shear-box test, characterized by the formation of a sharp, localized failure zone. The traction mechanism of a single automobile tread moving over a snow-covered road surface is numerically simulated. The predicted failure mechanism of snow in consequence of the movement of the tread agrees relatively well with respective experimental observations. INTRODUCTORY REMARKS This paper is concerned with the numerical investigation of the traction behavior of automobile tires on snow-covered road surfaces by means of the finite element method (FEM). This type of analysis involves realistic modelling of rubber, snow and the contact at the rubber-snow interface. The traction behavior of tires for winter conditions is characterized by a complex mechanical interaction between the treads of the tires and the snow. The snow in the vicinity of the treads is subjected to large plastic deformations associated with the appearance of localized failure zones. The occurance of large non-recoverable deformations suggests using the of classical plasticity theory, embedded in the geometrically nonlinear theory of finite strain Transactions on Engineering Sciences vol 6, © 1994 WIT Press, www.witpress.com, ISSN 1743-3533 462 Localized Damage plasticity, for the modelling of snow. Relatively little research work concerning 3D constitutive models for snow is found in the open literature. In a recent work by Mohamed, Yong and Murcia [1] it is assumed that snow follows a ,/2-type of plasticity law. However, this simplified model does not account for the considerable plastification of snow when subjected to hydrostsatic pressure. Salm [4] proposed a viscoelastic constitutive law restricted to uniaxial stress states. The present numerical investigation has been accompanied by an experimental investigation of snow specimens involving hydrostatic and shear-box tests. The results of this series of tests suggest the 'critical state concept', widely used in geomechanics, to be an adequate representation of the constitutive behavior of snow. In the present analyses, the (modified) Cam-Clay model, recast within a recently proposed algorithmic framework for finite strain plasticity [5], [6] is employed. This algorithm is formulated on the basis of hyperelasticity in the current configuration, with the elastic region being defined in terms of Kirchhoff stresses. The key advantage of this method is that the structure of the return mapping algorithm of the infinitesimal theory can be taken over to the nonlinear theory without modification. A fully implicit algorithmic treatment of the nonlinear elastic constitutive law along with an implicit integration of the flow rule on the basis of the return mapping algorithm is used. The Cam-Clay model is calibrated by means of the hydrostatic and the shear-box tests, respectively. For comparison, an elastic, ideally-plastic Drucker-Prager model is adopted. The important issue of viscosity of snow is not considered in this paper. It will be addressed in a follow-up publication. Both models for snow are applied in the re-analyses of shear-box tests. As far as the Drucker-Prager model is concerned, a comparison between the new plasticity algorithm with the standard incremental hypoelastic formulation, implemented in the multipurpose program MARC is presented. The obtained results are compared with experimental data. Numerical simulations of the traction mechanism of a single automobile tread moving on a snow-covered surface, based on the Cam-Clay model for snow, are performed. REMARKS ON FINITE STRAIN PLASTICITY The extension of the classical (modified) Cam-Clay plasticity model to the finite strain regime is based on an algorithm for finite strain plasticity recently proposed by Simo [5] and Simo and Meschke [6]. The key ingredients of this algorithm are briefly outlined below: The stress response is governed by a hyperelastic law, characterized by a function of stored energy, W(F ) involving the elastic part of the deformation gradient, F*. The restriction to isotropy implies that W(F*) = M (b ), where b* is the elastic part of the left Cauchy-Green tensor. The total deTransactions on Engineering Sciences vol 6, © 1994 WIT Press, www.witpress.com, ISSN 1743-3533


13th Annual meeting of the European Venous Forum, Thursday 28 June–Saturday 30 June 2012, Florence, Italy A prospective study comparing ultrasonography and angiography for the diagnosis of chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency M Simka, T Ludyga, M Kazibudzki, P Latacz and P Janas Euromedic Specialist Clinics, Department of Vascular & Endovascular Surgery, Katowice, Poland Objectives: This study was aimed at testing the diagnostic accuracy of current sonographic criteria of chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI). In addition, we tried to identify alternative sonographic parameters associated with impaired outflow in the internal jugular veins. Method: Firstly, the findings of Doppler sonography were compared with the results of reference test: catheter venography. There were assessed 116 internal jugular veins and vertebral veins in 58 patients with associated multiple sclerosis. We evaluated our findings in the context of current sonographic criteria, proposed by Zamboni, and new criteria: by expert panel of the International Society for Neurovascular Disease (ISNVD). Secondly, we assessed 41 different sonographic variables, also those not mentioned in the current criteria (such as flow direction, peak flow velocity, cross-sectional area and diameter of the vein) in 115 patients. These parameters were also compared with venographic findings. Results: We found that although sonographic patterns suggesting outflow abnormalities were very common in multiple sclerosis patients: e.g. at least one positive Zamboni's criterion was found in 92.2% of the assessed veins, their diagnostic accuracy was limited. For example, positive and negative predictive values of one positive Zamboni's criteria were 79.4% and 33.3%, and of at least two positive criteria: 81.8% and 21.7%. Accuracy of ISNVD criteria was not much better. Multivariate regression analysis of 41 sonographic parameters revealed some variables that were associated with increased prevalence of venographic abnormalities: no flow detected in all three segments of internal jugular vein in upright position, peak flow velocity in the upper and middle segments in upright position less than 24 cm/second, and in lower segment less than 88 cm/second, peak flow velocity in the upper segment in supine position less than 24 cm/second, and cross-sectional area of the upper segment in the supine position less than 8 mm. However, even using these parameters we were unable to create a reliable set of criteria. Of note, many variables used by the current CCSVI sonographic protocols were not proven to be associated with increased prevalence of venographic pathology, for example: reduced or bidirectional flow in the vertebral veins. Conclusions: Our research is showing a clear gap in the understanding of haemodynamics in this particular venous territory. Consequently, more research is needed to improve diagnostic accuracy of Doppler sonography for the diagnosis of CCSVI. It is also possible that in this territory catheter venography is a tarnished 'gold standard' and that some abnormalities (e.g. compression of the vein by adjacent muscles) show only on sonography. Perhaps, a multimodal approach is required to evaluate these veins properly. Role of duplex ultrasound in chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency: a single centre experience with 711 patients A Al-Muzaini*, H Safar† and T Sinan‡ *Vascular Imaging Service; Vascular Surgery Service; Interventional Vascular Radiology Department, Mubarak Al-Kabeer


WHEN ALLISON (1954) first advanced the hypothesis that the high frequencies of the sickle cell gene were to be explained by a balanced polymorphism in which the heterozygotes for the sickle cell gene possessed a relative immunity to falciparum malaria, he attempted to show that the tribal frequencies of the sickle cell trait in East Africa were all in agreement with this hypothesis. His own investigations among 35 tribes showed a remarkable correlation between the frequency of the sickle cell trait and the intensity of malaria. All tribes with relatively high frequencies of the sickle cell trait inhabited areas in which malaria was hyperendemic, while the tribes with relatively low frequencies inhabited areas in which malaria was either absent or not transmitted for several months of the year. Although at that time data on the frequency of the sickle cell trait in West Africa were very fragmentary, Allison (1954) indicated that, insofar as known, they were in agreement with his hypothesis. More recently Allison (1957) has shown that the presence of the gene responsible for hemoglobin C, which is an allele of the sickle cell gene, complicates the distribution of the sickle cell gene in West Africa. In populations with high frequencies of the hemoglobin C gene, there tend to be low frequencies of the sickle cell gene. It will be the purpose of this communication to present data on the frequency of the sickle cell trait in Liberia, a region of West Africa previously unstudied in this respect. The finding of a relatively low frequency of the sickle cell trait here, in an intensely malarious region, indicates that factors other than malaria pressure must be invoked to explain the present-day distribution of the sickle cell gene in Liberia -the nature of these factors will be explored briefly.


The pullout bearing capacity of bucket foundation in saturated soils is studied through the model test of single bucket foundation with different depth and different rate of pullout loading.Experimental Results show that the rate of pullout loading and size of bucket foundation have a significant influence on the bearing capacity.The mechanism of pullout bearing capacity of bucket foundation is analyzed based on the experimental results.


Smart city concept becomes more and more popular last years for research and development. A lot of technologies appear every day that allows to automate the human life. Modern intelligent transportation systems provide possibilities to automate the driver process and increase the safety in the public roads. However, information and telecommunication technologies bring benefits as well as vulnerabilities that third parties can use for their own purposes. The paper presents comprehensive state-of-the art in the topic of human-computer threats detection for intelligent transportation systems. We discuss modern intelligent transportation systems and potential problems that appears due to interaction of human with computer. Then we consider in-cabin driver monitoring system as an example of intelligent transportation system to prove the developed classification.


Municipal wastewater treatment processes and operations at the wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) include various solid-liquid separations, removal of organic and inorganic contaminants, and the environmentally safe disposal of treated wastewater final effluents and sludges (or biosolids, as applicable). Municipal wastewater treatment operations in the US have various applicable air, water, and waste control requirements under the local, state, and federal regulations. Current, wastewater treatment and water management practices need to be evaluated for effective ways to control energy requirements and promote energy recovery at the WWTPs and, the effluent reuse possibility. In addition to the environmental compliance requirements of wastewater treatment and management, the energy usage requirements at the WWTPs are critical in that the utility rates at a kilo-watt-hour (kWh) are significant since the wastewater treatment needs to be conducted as the sewage, infiltration/inflows (I/I), and wet-weather flows are received at the WWTPs. Authors are associated with several, performance based, wastewater treatment projects for guaranteed energy savings without compromising the environmental compliance requirements of the WWTP facilities. This paper included a review of typical municipal wastewater treatment train, environmental compliance requirements, energy usage and control, and energy recovery opportunities at the municipal WWTPs, including the buildings.


Unlike jurors, clinicians frequently must make decisions without the luxury of the totality of evidence. When we speak of evidence-based medicine, it is important to remember that available data may be incomplete, outdated, and of questionable relevance to particular patients, especially those excluded from randomized trials. Nowhere is this more apparent than in the controversies surrounding the use of drug-eluting stents in patients with coronary disease. Pivotal trials of drug-eluting stents reported significant reductions in the rate of repeat revascularization without excess adverse events in the first year after placement of the stent.1,2 Although these randomized trials were well . . .


Atomic force microscopy (AFM)-based study of electrical and electrochemical properties of a material/system at an elevated temperature in atmospheric pressure has been limited to ~250°C in conventional AFM setups. In this report, we have demonstrated the viability of a new approach for high temperature electrical and electrochemical studies (up to 700°C) in a conventional AFM setup by employing a combination of a micron-scale heater stage (MHS) and custom-made all-metal tips. We present the design, fabrication process and characterization of the MHS and all-metal tips. A temperature dependent impedance measurement on an MHS-integrated half-cell was then successfully demonstrated with a custom-made Pt-Ir tip. Issues and possible room to improve regarding the new approach were also discussed.


The question of when and how should a forum court exercise jurisdiction in civil matters having foreign elements has been a controversial one among judges, legal writers and students of conflict of laws. In Nigeria, the problem is more pronounced as the country operates federal system of government with each State having its distinct legislature and court system. The issue of inter-state (and international) choice of jurisdiction in Nigeria has become more prominent in the recent time due to cultural, social and commercial exchanges between private individuals or corporations from different parts of the country. While the majority of legal systems in the world now allow their courts to be seized of any matter with foreign element once there is nexus between such matter and the forum state, Nigerian courts appear not to be thinking in that direction. The courts over the years have maintained though erroneously that it is only the court of the state where a cause of action arose that could exercise jurisdiction over such a matter especially in inpersonam actions. This paper seeks to point out the fallacy of the Nigerian courts in applying a strict territorial approach to jurisdiction in matters having foreign element; the injustice and inconvenience it may occasioned and the fact that such a straight jacket approach is out of tune in the modern world jurisprudence of personal jurisdiction.


Oestrogen (E2) plays significant roles in variety of biological events such as the development and maintenance of female reproductive organs, bone and lipid metabolisms. More recently, from study of knock‐out mice deficient in oestrogen receptor (ER) α and ERβ it turned out that normal spermatogenesis requires the E2 actions. Furthermore, this female steroid hormone is also well known to be deeply involved in many pathophysiological events such as osteoporosis and cancer development in female reproductive organs. It is particularly well known that most breast cancer is dependent on E2 in its development. Such E2 actions are thought to be mediated through two subtypes of ERs. Growth factors have been shown to synergize in this E2 signalling pathway, although the actual molecular mechanism largely remains unknown.


The present invention relates to a water-saving car wash of a vehicle during construction. The water supply tank 1 and the air compressor ass'y 4, the motor pump 7 and the controller 6 are fixed to one support die 8, and the water supply tank 1) and connecting the suction port (5) between the motor pump (7) and at the same time the one end of the water hose (8) to the outlet of the motor pump (7) and the other end is connected to one side of the water distribution pipe (14) The water distribution pipe 14 covers the protective cover 13 so as to be protected from external forces, and the six hoses 16 are arranged at equal intervals along the longitudinal direction. One on each side is spaced at twice the width of the vehicle wheels, so that the vehicle wheels can be positioned so as to secure the vehicle wheel position space (W). 18 is connected to each of the spray nozzle combinations 19 through five pipes 30, The other end of the pneumatic hose 10, one side of which is connected to the air compressor combination 4, is connected to one side of the air distribution pipe 12 located inside the cover 11, 6 hoses 15 along the longitudinal direction of the air distribution pipe 12, but at the same spacing as the 6 hoses 16 connected to the water distribution pipe 14 located on the opposite side, The hose connection part 31 of the air pipe 17 is respectively connected to one side of the six hoses 15, and the air pipe 17 uses the five pipes 29 for the injection nozzle combination 19 ) So that air of the air compressor combination 4 can enter the dispersion nozzle combination 19 through the air pipe 17, and the air distribution pipe 12 and the water distribution pipe 14 Connect one end of) to the support (3), and then at the midpoint of the support (3), One side of the cylinder 23 is connected, and the other side of the pneumatic cylinder 23 is fixed to the cylinder holder 22 located at the upper end of the column 21, and the pneumatic cylinder 23 is a pneumatic hose 24. Connect to the controller (6) using the (25), but to connect the air compressor combination (4) and the controller (6) with another pneumatic hose (26) to operate the pneumatic cylinder (23) up and down, Inside the injection nozzle combination 19 is provided with a parabolic air guide feather 33 toward the top to let the air introduced through the pipe 29 is injected along the air flow line 35, the pipe 30 The water introduced through the water is guided along the water flow line 36 through the water guide pipe 34 formed in the upper direction on the rear side of the air guide feather 33 in the injection nozzle combination 19, by air air and water have a tilt angle (α) in the collision of the upper space inside the injection nozzle combination 19 In a building construction when water-saving type car wash of the vehicle such that as the water mixture injected through the injection hole 37, In construction sites such as multi-unit houses, vehicles such as trucks and wheels contaminated with soil come out to the road and pollute the roads, dirt and dust problems from the underside of the contaminated car body, and once installed at the construction site, it is difficult to install. In addition, to solve the problem of the conventional washing machine, which consumes a lot of water for washing, It is possible to inject water and air together by using pneumatic pressure without increasing water supply pressure, and it is possible to minimize the consumption of water during car wash, and to increase the car wash efficiency by using high pressure air pressure. The water-saving washer for building construction, which makes it easy and efficient to wash off foreign substances such as dirt attached to the underbody of vehicles and wheels at the construction site by easily controlling the distance between the spray nozzle assembly and the vehicle body. Truck Washer, Wheel Washer, Automatic Wheel Washer, Wheel Washer


Background:In this study, we investigated the effects of sildenafil on lung contusion. Methods: Thirty-two Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into four equal groups (n=8). In the control group, blood and lung samples were taken after anesthesia. In the contusion group, samples were taken 24 hours after the lung contusion. In the sildenafil groups, single doses of 1 or 5 mg/kg intraperitoneal sildenafil were given to the rats after lung contusion. Cytokines and oxidative stress parameters were studied in the specimens. Results: In lung tissue, all parameters were significantly higher in the contusion group than in the control group (p 0.05). In serum, all parameters were significantly higher in the contusion group than those of the control group (p 0.05). Conclusion: Sildenafil has a corrective effect on some inflammatory and oxidative stress parameters in the rat model of lung contusion. Although, a single dose of 5 mg/kg sildenafil administration improved more parameters than a 1 mg/kg administration, the difference between the doses was not significant.


From a group of 30 patients with incisional hernia, 10 were selected for preoperative treatment with an artificial tension pneumoperitoneum to expand the abdominal cavity sufficiently so that a repair could be completed without tension. There were no serious complications from the method and no recurrences of the incisional hernia. It is suggested that this simple and neglected adjuvant should be considered to ensure the successful repair of any large abdominal incisional hernia.


After 1960s Tewodros II of Ethiopia has been elucidated popularly in foreign and Ethiopian Media as well. Since then, he was portrayed as a national hero of the country. Yet, some foreign media had a different position in describing the aforementioned melting pot of modernity and unity in the history Ethiopian. They stated him from "crazy king" to "national hero". The BBC witness program broadcasted that Emperor Tewodros II was one of the titanic figures of modern Ethiopian history. While the Telegraph described him as a "mad king of Abyssinia". Hence, the statements of Media with regard to Tewodros II and his fall at Maqdala will be discussed through different topics of study. Hence, an in-depth study of Media reactions to the battle of Maqdala as seen in foreign and domestic media would require considerable study. The fall of Tewodros II at the battle of Maqdala in 10 April 1868 has become a topic of dialogue and media coverage up to date. Most of the publications represent the battle and the Emperor in different views. Thus, the views and interpretations of media, both foreign and domestic, could be reviewed in detail through this study. The paper argues that the battle of Maqdala and suicidal death of Tewodros II created a long lasting impression to both foreign and domestic media in their perception of the emperor and creating up of modern Ethiopia. Indeed, without Tewodros no modern and united Ethiopia could be formed.
Key words: Tewodros II, Maqdala, Mass Media, Modernity and Unity.


In this article, we present a distributed robust adaptive gradient controller for distance-based formation systems with exogenous disturbances. Based on the proposed controller, we consider two undirected formation topologies: Minimally infinitesimally rigid formation and nonminimally infinitesimally rigid formation. For both formation systems, we show that the distributed robust adaptive gradient controller guarantees a local stability of formation systems with exogenous disturbances. Furthermore, an upper-boundedness set of squared-distance error is obtained based on Lyapunov stability analysis for minimally infinitesimally rigid formation systems. We verify the validity of the theoretical results through numerical simulations.


What did it mean to have a Shari'a judiciary in a centralizing European state? How did it operate? This chapter explores early conflicts over the nature of the Shari'a judiciary and Islamic institutions and their place in Yugoslav nation-building. It illuminates how Muslims found spaces for agency within the new system to shape Muslim societies and concepts of political belonging while at the same time facing tremendous pressures from Yugoslav state authorities, who sought to seize on the Shari'a judiciary as a mechanism to intervene in and supervise Muslims' lives. The chapter also illuminates rifts occurring among Muslim leaders over how to respond to the demands of modernization and nationalization.


To perform a precise auscultation for the purposes of examination of respiratory system normally requires the presence of an experienced doctor. With most recent advances in machine learning and artificial intelligence, automatic detection of pathological breath phenomena in sounds recorded with stethoscope becomes a reality. But to perform a full auscultation in home environment by layman is another matter, especially if the patient is a child. In this paper we propose a unique application of Reinforcement Learning for training an agent that interactively guides the end user throughout the auscultation procedure. We show that \textit{intelligent} selection of auscultation points by the agent reduces time of the examination fourfold without significant decrease in diagnosis accuracy compared to exhaustive auscultation.


SEVERAL communications recently published in the medical literature have stirred up the embers of an ageold controversy about compound words that contain both Greek and Latin elements. Ganias1proposed the introduction of five new ophthalmologic terms of Greek origin to rectify certain bilingual coinages that he found "complicated and confusing." In a related editorial,2Blodi approved the effort to "keep the language unadulterated," ie, to avoid coupling Greek with Latin. Hussey3took up the question of hybrid terms and dealt with it in a reasonable and practical fashion. After contributing his own balanced views, he presented the results of a small poll of other editors' opinions: all agreed that opposition to Greek-Latin hybrids is, in general, both groundless and futile. My purpose is to place the question in historical perspective and to offer practical suggestions for its resolution. THE DEVELOPMENT OF TECHNICAL NOMENCLATURE A living language evolves


MYB proteins constitute one of the largest transcription factor families in plants. Recent evidence revealed that MYB-related genes play crucial roles in plants. However, compared with the R2R3-MYB type, little is known about the complex evolutionary history of MYB-related proteins in plants. Here, we present a genome-wide analysis of MYB-related proteins from 16 species of flowering plants, moss, Selaginella and algae. We identified many MYB-related proteins in angiosperms, but few in algae. Phylogenetic analysis classified MYB-related proteins into five distinct subgroups, a result supported by highly conserved intron patterns, consensus motifs, and protein domain architecture. Phylogenetic and functional analyses revealed that the Circadian Clock Associated 1-like / R-R and Telomeric DNA-binding protein-like subgroups are > 1 billion yrs old, whereas the I-box-binding factor-like and CAPRICE-like subgroups appear to be newly derived in angiosperms. We further demonstrated that the MYB-like domain has evolved under strong purifying selection, indicating the conservation of MYB-related proteins. Expression analysis revealed that the MYB-relatedgenefamilyhas awideexpressionprofileinmaizeandsoybeandevelopmentandplaysimportant roles in development and stress responses. We hypothesize that MYB-related proteins initially diversified through three major expansions and domain shuffling, but remained relatively conserved throughout the subsequent plant evolution.


This paper presents a general purpose graphics processing unit(GPGPU) based pulse compression processing model for parallel Costas signals.Our experiments demonstrate its performance and effectiveness.The processing model will provide a better reference for the design of a high-performance radar signal processing system.


Abstract This article identifies and describes the utilisation of performance measurement in Florida local governments. Two research questions are considered here: which factors influence Florida city governments to use performance measurement? And how do the factors associated with cities that are city-wide users differ from cities that are selective users? The paper develops a framework constructed from literatures in performance measurement and management innovation to develop hypotheses that are tested with 2005 Florida local government data. This study finds strong support for the role of community attributes, form of government and internal capacity as contributors to the use of performance measurement. The study also finds the factors that influence city-wide users are different from factors that influence selective users, especially with regard to revenue size and the reward/incentive system.


This research paper presents the first results on the protein adsorption and release kinetics and in vitro biodegradability of cryogenically cured hydroxyapatite–gelatin based micro/macroporous scaffolds (CHAMPS). While the adsorption and release of bovine serum albumin (BSA) protein exhibits steady state behavior over an incubation period of up to 10 days, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) analysis importantly confirms the absence of any change in the secondary structure of BSA proteins due to interaction with the CHAMPS scaffold. The compression properties of the CHAMPS scaffold with interconnected porosity (pore size ∼50–200 μm) is characterized by a non-linear stress–strain response with a strength close to 5 MPa and a maximum strain of up to 24%. The slow but systematic increase in weight loss over a period of 7 days as well as apatite layer formation indicates its good bioactivity. The extensive micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) analysis establishes cancellous bone-like highly interconnected and complex porous architecture of the CHAMPS scaffold. Importantly, the excellent adsorption (up to 50%) and release (up to 60% of adsorbed protein) of BSA has been uniquely attributed to the inherent porous microstructure of the CHAMPS scaffold. Overall, the present study provides an assessment of the interaction of protein with the gelatin–hydroxyapatite macroporous scaffold in vitro, as well as reporting for the first time the efficacy of such scaffolds to release 60% of BSA loaded onto the scaffold in vitro, which is significantly higher than earlier literature reports.