Despite the growing importance of soil and water conservation and watershed development projects as an approach to rural development and natural resource management, there has been relatively little research on devising site-specific best management practice (BMP) to check the soil erosion losses within permissible limits, especially in hilly regions. For a sustainable watershed management programme and implementation, site specific BMPs assume importance and hold the promise of making conservation planning and watershed management simpler and more effective. The study was attempted to develop a methodology to obtain BMPs, aiming to reduce the erosion losses in erosion risk areas of the northwestern Himalayas by employing Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). The AHP technique was employed to prioritise the potential technologies and select the BMP suitable for a particular land area. The prioritization of technologies was performed with four criteria viz. soil erosion resistance, cost, benefit, maintenance and environment friendliness of conservation measures. The soil erosion scenario of the study area located in the northwestern Himalayas was generated with each selected measure in a SWAT model using DEM, land use maps, a soil map and climate data of the study area. Then, the resultant erosion scenario of the conservation measures was compared and used for the AHP analysis. However, other criteria were assessed based on the judgement of a group of experts as well as farmers. In this study, four conservation measures, viz. Bench Terraces (BT), Vegetative Barrier (VB), Contour Farming (CF) and Zero Tillage + Live Mulch (ZL), were considered for BMP selection. Three scenarios, viz. experts' judgement, farmers' opinions and combined expert and farmer opinion, were analyzed to uncover the BMP for the different zones. The result revealed that experts and farmers unanimously preferred ZL as a BMP because of its low-cost implementation value and lower maintenance requirement while significantly controlling the erosion level as well as being environment friendly. The BT was the second most preferred technology for the study area. However, BMP was recommended for different zones having high to very severe erosion (soil loss > 10 t/ha/yr). Therefore, ZL was recommended for the areas with low altitude, whereas BT was recommended for the areas having high slopes because of its high capability for erosion control in the high slopping area. The methodology will act as a useful strategy for decision makers to prioritize the technology and recommend the best management for any region after considering suitable criteria. Future work may consider more criteria for inclusion to thus recommend the technology for a region in a more realistic way.


The Hardhead Catfish Ariopsis felis and Gafftopsail Catfish Bagre marinus are marine catfishes that have low recreational and commercial landings in U.S. waters, although they are among the most abundant species in coastal waters of the Gulf of Mexico. Few biological studies exist on marine catfishes, with most studies focusing on their unique reproductive biology. This study evaluated weight–length relationships for Gafftopsail Catfish (n= 264) and Hardhead Catfish (n= 823) sampled from across coastal Louisiana, USA, during 2016–2018; subsamples (93 and 266, respectively) were aged using lapilli for age and growth analyses. Hardhead Catfish showed a small but significant difference in weight as a function of length between males and females, with females being slightly heavier than males at any given length. No sexual dimorphism in weight and length was observed in Gafftopsail Catfish. Ages ranged from 0 to 10 years for Gafftopsail Catfish and from 0 to 24 years for Hardhead Catfish. Both sexes of Gafftopsail Catfish attained larger maximum average sizes (asymptotic length L∞) and exhibited larger growth coefficients (k) than both sexes of Hardhead Catfish. Length at age of Hardhead Catfish in Louisiana was greater than that of Florida fish. The estimated k for Gafftopsail Catfish in Louisiana was almost three times greater than that observed in Florida, with fish reaching their L∞ rapidly compared to those in Florida. Given the increasing evidence for an equilibrium life history strategy (i.e., K strategy), the spatial differences in size at age, and the potential for increased exploitation, continued investigations into both species' biology and life history should be undertaken. The Hardhead Catfish Ariopsis felis and Gafftopsail Catfish Bagre marinus typically comprise the true marine catfishes in coastal waters of the U.S. Atlantic Ocean and Gulf of Mexico. Some freshwater catfishes may overlap in (estuarine) distribution and have shown some salinity tolerance—for example, the Flathead Catfish Pylodictis olivaris (Bringolf et al. 2005) and Blue Catfish Ictalurus furcatus (Fabrizio et al. 2017)—however, Hardhead Catfish and Gafftopsail Catfish are also found in oceanic habitats, such as the coastal shelf, and are considered permanent residents of marine environments. Hardhead Catfish and Gafftopsail Catfish have overlapping distributions Subject editor: Debra J. Murie, University of Florida, Gainesville *Corresponding author: firstname.lastname@example.com Received November 14, 2018; accepted August 8, 2019 This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Marine and Coastal Fisheries: Dynamics, Management, and Ecosystem Science 11:362–371, 2019 © 2019 The Authors. Marine and Coastal Fisheries published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Fisheries Society. ISSN: 1942-5120 online DOI: 10.1002/mcf2.10089


Since the topic emerged several years ago, work on regular model checking has mostly been devoted to the verification of state reachability and safety properties. Though it was known that linear temporal properties could also be checked within this framework, little has been done about working out the corresponding details. This paper addresses this issue in the context of regular model checking based on the encoding of states by finite or infinite words. It works out the exact constructions to be used in both cases, and proposes a partial solution to the problem resulting from the fact that infinite computations of unbounded configurations might never contain the same configuration twice, thus making cycle detection problematic.


RESUME M. S. de Almeida Prado-Por Institute of Oceanography, University of Sao Paulo and Department of Zoology, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel. Received 11/3/82, in revised form 10/9/82, accepted 15/9/82. The species diversity, numerical abundance and dynamics of the Copepoda Calanoida in station A, Northern Gulf of Elat (Aqaba) (29°30'N/34°57'E) are analysed. 31 species were identified from seasonal samples obtained from stratified tows in 1975. This fauna is composed of tropical species; since the environment shows marked seasonal fluctuations, individual numbers are highest in March and lowest in July. At depths below 300 rn, numbers of species and individuals decrease rapidly. The different groups of species are characterized according to abundance frequency, seasonal dynamics, vertical distribution and dietary habits. Calanoid plankton, which is both quantitatively and qualitatively poor, is dominated by small herbivores, among which two 'species of Ctenocalanus are the most important. There is a relative abundance of omnivorous species. Carnivores are limited for most of the year to a single species of Paracandacia. Comparison of day and night samples provides sorne evidence of vertical migration. Oceanol. Acta, 1983, 6, 2, 139-145. Diversite et dynamique des copepodes calanoides dans le nord du Golfe d'Elat (Aqaba), Mer Rouge. La diversite et la dynamique des populations de copepodes Calanoides dans le nord du Golfe d'Elat (Aqaba) sont etudiees sur la base de prises saisonnieres verticales effectuees sur une station, station A (29°30'N/34°57'E), en 1975. 31 especes de Calanoides ont ete identifiees. La population est typiquement tropicale, malgre une distribution saisonniere marquee avec un maximum de specimens en mars et un minimum en juillet. Generalement, la faune est qualitativement et quantitativement pauvre. La population se concentre dans les 300 premiers metres, et diminue brusquement au-dela. Des groupes d'especes sont individualises selon plusieurs criteres : abondance, frequence, dynamique saisonniere, distribution verticale et regime alimentaire. La biomasse des Calanoides est dominee par les petits herbivores avec deux especes de Ctenocalanus, qui sont les plus abondantes. La representation des especes omnivores est assez diversifiee. Les carnivores sont representes pendant la plus grande partie de l'annee par une seule espece: Paracandacia truncata. Enfin, en comparant des prises effectuees le jour et la nuit, quelques aspects de la migration verticale des copepodes ont ete etudies. Oceanol. Acta, 1983, 6, 2, 139-145. This study was partly supported by a grant from the Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities. 0399-1784/1983/139/$ 5.00/


This paper uses a Monte Carlo Sampling (MCS) method to auto-calibrate a hydrodynamic ecological model. This is perhaps the first application of MCS method for autocalibration a hydrodynamic lake ecosystem model, and thus, the study is providing new concepts/methods. The paper is well organized, and the methods are valid, as backed up by their use in the calibration of other types of models. The results are discussed in an appropriate and balanced way, the discussion comparison to the Burger et al (2008) paper is very useful for putting this method in context. The method presented definitely has the potential to lead to significant scientific results. For example, if future use of hy-


Abstract According to Reber (1992), implicit learning should vary only minimally with age and intelligence quotient (IQ), whereas explicit learning should depend heavily on both age and IQ. To evaluate these predictions, children from two age groups (5-7 yean and 10-12 years) were selected to form low, medium, and high IQ subgroups. They were then tested on an implicit and an explicit learning task. The implicit task, adapted from Lewicki (1986), used a number of 4 × 4 matrices which displayed 16 pictures in different arrangements. One picture was of a house, and the children were required to learn the incidental covariation of (a) the experimenter's side of approach (left or right), with the house positioned in the upper or lower half of the matrix; and (b) the colour of the matrix board and cover (red or blue), with the house positioned in the left or right half of die matrix. The explicit task had a similar logical structure to the implicit task, but (a) was implemented using different stimulus dimensi...


The perforation of a peptic ulcer may be acute or chronic, the former perforating freely into the general peritoneal cavity, while the latter results in a localized peritonitis. The chronic perforation occurs more often; the local inflammatory reaction causes the perforated viscus to become adherent to some neighboring structure, as the pancreas, liver, gallbladder, intestine, omentum or parietal peritoneum. In a group of 152 consecutive cases of peptic ulcer admitted to the surgical service of Barnes Hospital, 104 ulcers were duodenal and forty-eight were gastric. Two patients had both duodenal and gastric ulcers. Among the cases there were four acute and three chronic perforating duodenal ulcers, in contrast to five acute and seven chronic perforating gastric ulcers, making a total of nineteen perforating peptic ulcers, or 12.5 per cent. of the total of 152 cases. Acute perforation of both types of ulcer occurred in 5.9 per cent, of the cases.


In contrast to the conventional aerodynamic models, the model of wavelet transform and high order Taylor series of aerodynamic functions are proposed. Using different mother wavelet transforms, different aerodynamic functions are constructed. Results show that wavelet aerodynamic model and also high order aerodynamic model of aircraft have more accuracy than the conventional aerodynamic models. The suitable wavelet aerodynamics for identification and simulation of the aircraft response is proposed. i


The topology structure is modified on the basis of basic principle of phase shift fullbridge ZVZCS PWM converter.A ZVZCS phase shift full bridge PWM converter with the two-transformer structure has been presented.The operation,analysis and features are illustrated.A prototype converter based on the presented topology has been built up.Experimental waveforms have been presented.


With the comprehensive evolution of information communication technologies on mobile sensing objects, versatile ubiquitous networks embedded with specific-purpose sensors and intelligent wearable devices have promptly been developed and deployed, called the Internet of Things (IoT). On account of the popularity of IoT, the security issues have been promptly focused due to potential threats from IoT architectures. In consideration of the heterogeneous network property of IoT, in this paper we propose an authentication system which applies machine learning techniques to extract user bio-features as authentication tokens and transparently performs continual or real-time entity verification in the back-ground without the user's notices.


This paper describes recent advances in our Interactive Virtual Ensemble project. This project aims at developing the ability to simulate the response of a human performing ensemble to more-or-less standard conducting gestures. Over the past year we have added several new components to the system. The two areas where primary additions have been made are in tracking/recognition and in sound synthesis. The system now uses a wireless MotionStar tracker, and a distributed communication model. We are also using a hybrid beat detection and classification system incorporating some neural net processing for both beat prediction and classification. The sound synthesis component uses dynamic control of an analysis-based additive synthesis model.


H-mode is obtained at A∼1.2 in the Pegasus Toroidal Experiment via Ohmic heating, high-field-side fueling, and low edge recycling in both limited and diverted magnetic topologies. These H-mode plasmas show the formation of edge current and pressure pedestals and a doubling of the energy confinement time to H98y,2∼1. The L–H power threshold PLH increases with density, and there is no PLH minimum observed in the attainable density space. The power threshold is equivalent in limited and diverted plasmas, consistent with the FM3 model. However, the measured PLH is ∼15  × higher than that predicted by conventional International Tokamak Physics Activity (ITPA) scalings, and PLH/PITPA08 increases as A→1. Small ELMs are present at low input power PIN∼PLH, with toroidal mode number n⩽4. At PIN≫PLH, they transition to large ELMs with intermediate 5<n<15. The dominant-n component of a large ELM grows exponentially, while other components evolve nonlinearly and can damp prior to the crash. Direct measurements of the current profile in the pedestal region show that both ELM types exhibit a generation of a current-hole, followed by a pedestal recovery. Large ELMs are shown to further expel a current-carrying filament. Small ELM suppression via injection of low levels of helical current into the edge plasma region is also indicated.


The dipole (α), quadrupole (C), and dipole–octopole (E) polarizabilities, the dipole–dipole–quadrupole (B) and second dipole (γ) hyperpolarizabilities, and the quadrupole (Θ) and hexadecapole (Φ) moments are calculated for the ground state of F2 at its equilibrium bond length. These properties are obtained from fourth‐order Mo/ller–Plesset perturbation theory energies of F2 in the presence of various configurations of point charges; the perturbation theory uses the self‐consistent‐field wave function for F2 perturbed by charges as the zeroth‐order wave function. Our best vibrationless estimates for the isotropic averages are ᾱ=8.485 e2 a20 E−1h, C=23.588 e2 a40 E−1h, B=−84 e3 a40 E−2h, and γ=512 e4 a40 E−3h. The ᾱ value is in good agreement with experiment, whereas our vibrationally corrected estimate of Θzz ≂0.74 e a20 should be more accurate than the existing experimental estimates.


Drug Discovery Technology World Asia 2010 is going to be co-located with 4 other conferences, and all 5 conferences will be held alongside a joint exhibition


Extraction of identifier terminology from a specific domain is an indispensable task in extracting information from text, In this work we propose a hybrid method of extracting complex terms from Arabic texts which combines between linguistic and statistical approach, which focuses on a linguistic and morph syntactic analysis of the Arabic language deep to introduce an linguistic filtering algorithm of complex terms.


We present an approach that can detect a vibration signal with FBG as a sensor and a fiber over-coupled coupler as a slope filter and the output and spectrum of the coupler;calculate the power of its two outputs,and obtain the linear relationship between the wavelength and the power in a monotonous cycle of the coupler.We also state that vibration can be detected by the variant power.We devise a demodulation system with the approach to detect the vibration signal,which is shown to have a better response to a sine signal excitation.


The deazetization reaction of 2,3‐diazabicyclo(2.2.1)hept‐2‐ene‐exo, exo‐5,6‐d2 is investigated using Monte Carlo classical variational transition‐state theory, implemented by the efficient microcanonical sampling procedure. Comparison is made with the results of trajectory calculations performed on the same global potential‐energy surface. The microcanonical reaction rates have been determined for both reaction channels, i.e., the stepwise and concerted cleavage of the two C–N bonds of the reactant. The results demonstrate that the thermal decomposition of 2,3‐diazabicyclo (2.2.1)hept‐2‐ene‐exo,exo‐5,6‐d2 is well described by statistical theories that assume equal weighting for all energetically accessible phase‐space points. It is found that the rate coefficients of the statistical calculations are close upper bounds of the rates determined in trajectory calculations. Previously reported classical trajectory simulations have shown that the distribution of internal energy in the reactant configuration, a...


In this article, a new methodology based on fuzzy proportional-integral-derivative PID controller is proposed to damp low frequency oscillation in multimachine power system where the parameters of proposed controller are optimized offline automatically by hybrid genetic algorithm GA and particle swarm optimization PSO techniques. This newly proposed method is more efficient because it cope with oscillations and different operating points. In this strategy, the controller is tuned online from the knowledge base and fuzzy interference. In the proposed method, for achieving the desired level of robust performance exact tuning of rule base and membership functions MF are very important. The motivation for using the GA and PSO as a hybrid method are to reduce fuzzy effort and take large parametric uncertainties in to account. This newly developed control strategy mixed the advantage of GA and PSO techniques to optimally tune the rule base and MF parameters of fuzzy controller that leads to a flexible controller with simple structure while is easy to implement. The proposed method is tested on three machine nine buses and 16 machine power systems with different operating conditions in present of disturbance and nonlinearity. The effectiveness of proposed controller is compared with robust PSS that tune using PSO and the fuzzy controller which is optimized rule base by GA through figure of demerit and integral of the time multiplied absolute value of the error performance indices. The results evaluation shows that the proposed method achieves good robust performance for a wide range of load change in the presents of disturbance and system nonlinearities and is superior to the other controllers. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity 21: 78-93, 2015


Objective To determine the population composition,density and distribution of vectors in Yulin urban area,providing evidence for control of these insects.Methods Human baited net trap method and lamp baited trap method were employed for mosquito collection,cage-trapping for fly collection and sticky-paste for cockroach collection.Results Mosquitoes caught belonged to 5 species 4 genera,with Culex pipiens pallens being the dominant species.The average density based on the human baited net trap method was 19.11 per net per hour,or 1.61 per lamp per hour based on lamp baited trap method.The density in the urban area was higher than that in the villages.Flies belonged 23 species 19 genera 5 family,and the common species were Chrysomya megacephala,Lucilia sericata,Musca domestica,Muscina stabulans,Boettcherisca peregrine and L.cuprina,accounting for 36.49%,20.41%,14.78%,10.61%,8.65% and 2.61%,respectively.The average density was 4.42/cage,the highest density observed in the farm produce markets.Cockroach density was 16.28/piece·night,highest observed in the restaurants,with Blattella germanica being the predominant species.The peak of flies and cockroaches was in August,and that of mosquitoes in July.Conclusion The population composition,density and distribution of vectors were basically grasped.Integrated measures should be taken with focus on such major areas as restaurants,farm produce markets and residential areas.


The influence of the lattice mismatch strain on the growth mode and formation of defects is examined via computer simulations. Striking differences in the growth mode are suggested for compressive versus tensile strain in the overlayer. It is proposed and shown that the genesis of misfit induced defects is laid in the initial stages of growth at the coalescence boundaries of kinetically controlled clusters exceeding a critical size needed for epitaxical registry.


Abstract Objective The objective of this case is to spotlight the potential neurological andneuropsychiatric symptoms associated with COVID-19. Method A 55-year-old African American male with a history of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, obesity, tobacco use, and hypertension voluntarily presented to the local hospital with auditoryhallucinations and delusions. During an inpatient stay, the patient developed symptomsconsistent with COVID-19 and subsequently tested positive for the virus. Thirty-nine days after the initial positive COVID-19 test result, he remained in a coma with retained brainstem responses. An EEG demonstrated encephalopathy and MRI showed multiple, well-circumscribed white matter lesions consistent with acute demyelination (Figure 1). After three days of high-dose steroids and over a month in a coma, the patient began following simple commands. Unfortunately, on hospital day 66, the patient developed sudden hypotension and worsening respiratory status. Results While psychotic episodes in relation to COVID-19 are not widely reported, psychotic episodes are shown in three COVID-19 cases. Other reports have found significant changes in consciousness in COVID-19 patients with delayed awakening from a comatose state. Pre-existing inflammatory responses in those with psychiatric disease may be accelerated by the immune response due to COVID-19. Conclusion Mental status changes in those with psychiatric illness who have COVID-19 are worth exploring. It is unclear whether a history of COVID-19 may accelerate a neuropsychiatric process or other central nervous system diseases. Future research may want to examine the possible interrelationship between pre-existing neurological vulnerabilities and COVID-19. The possibility of high-dose steroid treatment for COVID-19 neuroinflammatory complications should be considered.


We give a natural definition for the transitivity of a matrix. Using an endomorphism d of a base ring R and a transitive nxn matrix over the center Z(R), we construct the subalgebra M_{n}(R,d,T) of the full nxn matrix algebra M_{n}(R) consisting of the so called nxn supermatrices. If the n-th power of d is the identity and T satisfies some extra conditions, then we exhibit an embedding of R into M_{n}(R,d,T). An other result is that M_{n}(R,d,T) is closed with respect to taking the (pre)adjoint. If R is Lie nilpotent and A is in M_{n}(R,d,T), then the use of the preadjoint and the corresponding determinants and characteristic polynomials yields a Cayley-Hamilton identity for A with right coefficients in the fixed ring Fix(d). The presence of a primitive n-th root of unity and the condition that the n-th power of d is the identity guarantee the right integrality of a Lie nilpotent R over Fix(d). We present essentially new supermatrix algebras over the Grassmann algebra.


High resolution and noncontacted measurement tools for the dynamic characterization of micro devices are necessary to develop high performance/precision and reliable microelectromechanical systems (MEMS). In this paper, a three-dimensional dynamic measurement system based on stroboscopic and interferometric methods is presented. This system can capture bright-fielded and interferometric images at the same time and will not have any phase error when constructing three-dimensional solidmodels. The accuracy of in-plane motion measurement using this system has been calibrated by using piezoelectric nano-platform. The measurement of in-plane motions of the comb-drive actuator using this developed tool have been demonstrated.


In the hand, osteochondromas are rarely found. When encountered, these lesions occur at the metaphyseal region adjacent to the growth plate usually in patients with multiple hereditary exostosis. Our experience with solitary epiphyseal osteochondromas in the phalanges of seven children is reviewed. All patients presented a progressive angular deformity leading to limited function of the hand. Five patients had limited range of motion. Good restoration of motion and function was achieved by excision of the lesion and collateral ligament reconstruction. Early resection is recommended to correct and prevent further deformation in the growing skeleton of children.


Intruduction: Wnt1-inducible signaling pathway protein 1 (WISP1), a member of the CCN family of intercellular signaling proteins, is a new adipokine that links obesity to inflammation and insulin-resistance. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare the effects of interval and continuous training on levels of WISP1, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and insulin resistance in obese/overweight girls. Methods: This quasi-experimental study was a pretest-posttest design. Thirty-two overweight/obese girls aged 9-11 years -old, BMI 25.40±2.92 kg/m2 were randomly assigned to three groups of interval (n=12), continuous (n=11) and control (n=9). Continuous and interval training were performed for eight weeks and three days per week (30-min walk in the continuous and interval groups with 60-75%HRmax and 70-85%HRmax, respectively). Levels of WISP1, TNF-α, and insulin-resistance (HOMA2) were measured at 72 hours the pre-test and after the last training session. Data were analyzed using factorial repeated measures of analysis of variance using SPSS version 21 at p<0.05. Results: After eight weeks, WISP1 levels increased significantly in the control-group (p= 0.001), however, the increase and decrease observed in the interval and continuous group respectively were not statistically significant (p=0.095, p=0.400 respectively). There were no significant changes in TNF-α levels in any of the groups (p> 0.05). In the control-group, the HOMA2 index significantly increased (p=0.016) and it decreases in the continuous training-group, which was significant in comparison to the control-group (p= 0.046). BMI, waist to height ratio and fat percentage were improved in both training groups (p<0.05). Conclusion: Although both interval and continuous training improved the body composition of overweight/obese girls, only continuous training could reverse the increasing trend of WISP1 and HOMA2 levels. The continuous training can probably be considered as one of the effective strategies for improving insulin sensitivity in obese children.


Woodchip bioreactors are increasingly used to remove nitrate (NO3–) from agricultural drainage water in order to protect aquatic ecosystems from excess nitrogen. Nitrate removal in woodchip bioreactors is based on microbial processes, but the microbiomes and their role in bioreactor efficiency are generally poorly characterized. Using metagenomic analyses, we characterized the microbiomes from 3 full-scale bioreactors in Denmark, which had been operating for 4–7 years. The microbiomes were dominated by Proteobacteria and especially the genus Pseudomonas, which is consistent with heterotrophic denitrification as the main pathway of NO3– reduction. This was supported by functional gene analyses, showing the presence of the full suite of denitrification genes from NO3– reductases to nitrous oxide reductases. Genes encoding for dissimilatory NO3– reduction to ammonium were found only in minor proportions. In addition to NO3– reducers, the bioreactors harbored distinct functional groups, such as lignocellulose degrading fungi and bacteria, dissimilatory sulfate reducers and methanogens. Further, all bioreactors harbored genera of heterotrophic iron reducers and anaerobic iron oxidizers (Acidovorax) indicating a potential for iron-mediated denitrification. Ecological indices of species diversity showed high similarity between the bioreactors and between the different positions along the flow path, indicating that the woodchip resource niche was important in shaping the microbiome. This trait may be favorable for the development of common microbiological strategies to increase the NO3– removal from agricultural drainage water.


In this appendix, we develop a continuous-time, money-in-the-production function version of Tack Yun's (1996) sticky-price model. Yun's model is a variation of Guillermo A. Calvo's (1983) model in which firms are assumed to set prices so as to maximize the present value of profits, instead of following a rule of thumb as assumed by Calvo. We show that the Calvo-Yun framework implies equilibrium conditions that are qualitatively identical to those obtained under the Rotemberg model. Thus, all the results on local determinacy obtained in section V. carry over to environments with Calvo-Yun price staggering.


Due to rising demands on productivity and flexibility, assembly processes are currently experiencing a substantial transformation. Workstations where humans and robots work closely together are bec...


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In the fish world, it's normal to be cold-bodied and take on the temperature of your surroundings. But there are exceptions to every rule; tunas and lamnid sharks are endothermic, managing to keep their bodies warmer than the waters they live in. The common thresher shark, a


On the basis of brief analysis on the current development in rural power grid in Tieling area,the author examines the necessity,basic thought,and principle in constructing smart strong power grid in Tieling area.Proposals for such construction are given in this article so as to provide reference for the realization of coordinate development of rural power grid and other various power grids.


This report on carbon capture, use, and storage (CCUS) answers the Secretary of Energy's request for advice on the actions needed to deploy CCUS technologies at scale in the United States. The report concludes that at-scale deployment requires strong collaboration between industry and government; improved policies, financial incentives, and regulations; broad-based innovation and technology development; and increased understanding and confidence in CCUS–to create a roadmap for achieving at-scale deployment over the next 25 years


Objective The relationship between nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate(NSCL/P)and genetic polymorphism of TBX22 in Chinese population were explored.Methods Eighty NSCL/P cases-parent trio were selected as the case group.Meanwhile,80 unimpaired children were selected as the control group.Case-control study design was employed.TBX22 gene,the fragments including G359A、A361G(in exon 3 of TBX22 gene)were amplified by PCR,then the PCR products were directly sequenced to detect the polymorphism and the genetype.The comparison of genetype and allele frequency was made between the patients with NSCL/P and control subjects.Haplotype Relative Risk(HRR) and Transmission Disequilibrium Test(TDT) of involved family were also analyzed.Results There was no genetic polymorphism in A361G,but genetic polymorphism was detected in G359A.The genotype frequency of case-control study showed that there was significant association between TBX22 variant and the risk of NSCLP.The difference of HRR and TDT between the two groups had no significant results.Conclusion There may have some correlativity between the genetic polymorphism of TBX22 G359A and the pathogenesis of NSCL/P in population of southeast China,and TBX22 G359A might be the susceptibility gene and the susceptibility locus.


Land endowment security is an important part of the rural endowment security system and is also the important supplement of rural society endowment way. We adopt the methods of absolute aggregate analysis and relative indicator analysis in the two dimensions of the realistic construct the evaluation system of one shortfall and two indicators to analyze the real endowment contribution and the moderate endowment contribution of the land security directing empirically.


The impact of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) investments in macroeconomic growth via multifactor productivity (MFP) has been characterized as a three-stage process, starting with a period of technical adoption, a plateau of increased productivity, and a diminished returns phase due to saturation. As the Internet of Things expands the ICT application domain, it has the potential to avoid the MFP growth stagnation related to ICT capital surplus observed in industrialized economies. This paper suggests a research direction for analyzing the impact of IoT on economic growth.


OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of free anthraquinone compounds on bone mineral density(BMD)and bone mineral conten(tBMC)in osteoporosis model rats.METHODS:Osteoporosis model was induced by intragastrical administration of prednisone acetate(3.5 mg/kg)once a day.126 female SD rats aged 4 months were randomly divided into normal control group(constant volume of normal saline),model group(constant volume of normal saline)and free anthraquinone group(70 mg/kg).Each group was further subdivided into 7 subgroups according administration period of 1,3,5,7,9,11,13 weeks.They were given relevant medicine intragastrically in the morning and prednisone acetate intragastrically in the afternoon.At corresponding time points,the heart blood of rats was exhausted after anaesthesia and those rats were sacrificed,and bones of limbs were collected.The left femur bone(all)and femur distal part(2 mm)were scanned by peripheral quantitative computed tomography(pQCT)respectively to determine BMD and BMC.RESULTS:Compared with normal control group,the BMD was significantly decreased in model group at femur distal part 1 week after duplicating model.The BMD was significantly decreased in model group at femur bone(all)3 week after duplicating model.The BMC were significantly decreased in model group at femur distal part 5 week after duplicating model.Compared with model group,the BMD were significantly increased in free anthraquinone group both at femur bone(all)and femur distal part at 7 time points(P0.05);the BMD of femur bone(all)were increased gradually at 1-7 time points.CONCLUSIONS:Free rhubarb anthraquinone can prevent the prednison-induced bone loss,but there is no BMC accumulation in the femur bone of rats as time.


Sore of the difficulties involved in teaching inside Milian= security y .sons, and ways a media studies teacher met these challenges, are described in this paper., The, first section of the paper deals with the prison security system and the stresses, it can cause for both teacher and student, while the second section discusses the influence of the public and public opinion on prison educational programs. The third stock's offers suggestions on how to adjust classroom practice to take account of the range of nonverbal communication behaviors that are an essential part of prison culture, and the fourth explores the need for a flexible course structure that can be adapted to meet the expectations of class members. The fifth section looks at the heightened level of political dwareness found in the prison student population and suggests that in this unconventional setting media studies°have the potential to become a powerful learning tool. The concluding section observes that the atmosphere in maximum security institutions is not conducive to learning and cautions prospective prison teachers against expecting tdo much from their students. (RBN) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. ***********************************************************************


The increasing health and economic burden of diabetes has made preventing the disease a public health priority. But investing in such chronic disease prevention programs requires a long-term horizon because many years may be required for the downstream savings to fully offset the up-front intervention cost. Using a simulation model, we projected the costs and benefits of a nationwide community-based lifestyle intervention program for preventing type 2 diabetes. Accounting for all costs to the US health care system, our results indicate that the program would break even in fourteen years. Within twenty-five years, the program would prevent or delay about 885,000 cases of type 2 diabetes in the United States and produce savings of $5.7 billion nationwide. If restricted to people ages 65–84, the program would save $2.4 billion. Thus, implementing such a program nationwide would be an efficient use of health care resources, although it might be necessary for all health insurers to participate to share prevention costs. Our results also indicate that although a prevention program would lead to cost savings in both younger and older people, it would achieve greater health and economic gains if it were directed at people under age sixty-five. N early twenty-six million Americans currently live with diabetes, and an additional seventy-nine million are at high risk of developing the disease. Diabetes is costly, accounting for one-tenth of US health care expenditures in 2007. Additionally, America's aging population and obesity epidemic are contributing to an increase in the number of people with diabetes. The number of people in the United States with diabetes is projected to nearly double by2034, to forty-fourmillion,with health care spending attributable to diabetes nearly tripling, to $336 billion. To prevent human suffering and reduce health care costs, policy makers have called for additional efforts to prevent type 2 diabetes. The National Diabetes Prevention Program is establishing a network of evidence-based lifestyle intervention programs for people who are at high risk of developing type 2 diabetes—that is, those who have prediabetes or a history of gestational diabetes. The program is based on the Diabetes Prevention Program clinical trial led by the National Institutes of Health and on subsequent studies conducted in community settings. The program is being delivered at the community level through partnerships with community-based organizations, health care organizations, and private insurers. There is little disagreement that suchnationallevel action would benefit public health. However, there is concernabout the cost to thenation ofwide implementationofpreventionprograms, doi: 10.1377/hlthaff.2011.1115


A type of excess noise which emerges in transversely inhomogeneous conductive channels is described. Its origin is traced back to the diffusion of the electric-field and carrier-density fluctuations across the channel. By making use of a WKB analysis, explicit analytical formulas for the current-noise spectrum are obtained. It is argued, that this type of noise should be manifested in a variety of currently used semiconductor devices.


India: A report. Indian J Ophthalmol 2020;68:1393‐9. 4. Das AV, Rani PK, Vaddavalli PK. Tele‐consultations and electronic medical records driven remote patient care: Responding to the COVID‐19 lockdown in India. Indian J Ophthalmol 2020;68:1007‐12. 5. Rao GN, Khanna RC, Athota SM, Rajshekar V, Rani PK. Integrated model of primary and secondary eye care for underserved rural areas: The L V Prasad Eye Institute experience. Indian J Ophthalmol 2012;60:396‐400. 6. Das AV, Kammari P, Vadapalli R, Basu S. Big data and the eyeSmart electronic medical record system ‐ An 8‐year experience from a three‐tier eye care network in India. Indian J Ophthalmol 2020;68:427‐32. 7. Available from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID‐19_ lockdown_in_India. [Last acessed on 2021 April 22]. 8. Roy A, Das S, Chaurasia S, Fernandes M, Murthy S. Corneal transplantation and eye banking practices during COVID‐19‐related lockdown period in India from a network of tertiary eye care centers. Indian J Ophthalmol 2020;68:2368‐71. Cite this article as: Das AV, Chaurasia S, Joseph J, Murthy SI. Year one of COVID-19 pandemic in India: Effect of lockdown and unlock on the presentation of patients with infective keratitis at a tertiary eye center. Indian J Ophthalmol 2021;69:3779-82.


Aim:To observe the effect of chrysophanol on the synaptic transmission in the dentate gyrus of hippocampus in rats.Methods:Using electrophysiological method of in vivo extracellular recording,the effects of intracerebroventricularly injection of chrysophanol(20,10,5 ng/μL) on the basal synaptic transmission activities,long-term potentiation (LTP) induced by high-frequency stimulation (HFS),and HFS-induced LTP after administration of scopolamine in dentate gyrus of hippocampus were studied.Results:In anesthetized rats,chrysophanol dose-dependently enhanced both the basic synaptic transmission and the magnitude of HFS-induced LTP in the dentate gyrus of hippocampus.Moreover,it rivaled the inhibitory action of cholinergic receptor-blocking drug scopolamine on HFS-induced LTP.Conclusion:Chrysophanol dose-dependently enhanced the basic synaptic transmission and the magnitude of HFS-induced LTP in the dentate gyrus of hippocampus in anesthetized rats.The mechanism may be related to the improve ment in the cholinergic system function by chrysophanol.


......................................................................................................... 3 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.................................................................................... 5 TABLE OF CONTENTS....................................................................................... 6 LIST OF FIGURES............................................................................................... 9 LIST OF TABLES .............................................................................................. 13 1.  INTRODUCTION...................................................................................... 20 1.1.  AIM OF PROCESS MINING ....................................................................... 20 1.2.  GENETIC PROGRAMMING........................................................................ 21 1.3.  PARENT EPSRC PROJECT..................................................................... 22 1.4.  PROBLEM STATEMENT............................................................................ 22 1.5.  INTRODUCTION TO THE RESEARCH........................................................... 23 1.6.  RESEARCH AIM AND OBJECTIVES ............................................................ 23 1.7.  RESEARCH METHODOLOGY .................................................................... 25 1.8.  RESEARCH DELIVERABLES ..................................................................... 31 1.9.  OUTLINE OF THESIS ............................................................................... 32 1.10.  SUMMARY ............................................................................................. 33 2.  LITERATURE REVIEW............................................................................ 35 2.1.  INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................... 35 2.2.  DEFINITIONS OF BUSINESS PROCESS ...................................................... 35 2.3.  REPRESENTATION OF BUSINESS PROCESS MODELS ................................. 42 2.4.  PROCESS MINING .................................................................................. 57 2.5.  PROCESS MINING PROBLEMS ................................................................. 69 2.6.  DISCUSSION ON COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE TECHNIQUES IN PROCESS MINING ................................................................................................. 81 2.7.  FUTURE AREAS OF RESEARCH FOR PROCESS MINING .............................. 90 2.8.  RESEARCH GAP .................................................................................... 93


The weakfish (Cynoscion regalis) is ric data (Scoles, 1990), and various distributed along the east coast of the life history characters (Shepherd and United States from Massachusetts to Grimes, 1983, 1984) suggest two or eastern Florida and is most abundant more independent stocks of weakfish. from New York to North Carolina (BigThese characters may be influenced elow and Schroeder, 1953). Historiby environmental differences, however cally there has been some question as (Shepherd and Grimes, 1983), and may to the taxonomic relationship between not reflect genetically distinct (reproweakfish and sand seatrout (Cynoscion ductively isolated) stocks. Genetic arenarius); some suggest they may be analyses of weakfish stock structure separate populations of a single species in the mid Atlantic Bight employing (Moshin, 1973; Weinstein and Yerger, allozyme analysis (Crawford et al., 1976; Cowan, 1985; Ditty, 1989), and 1989) and restriction fragment length others treat them as separate species polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of (Schlossman and Chittenden, 1981). whole molecule mitochondrial (mt) Weakfish support substantial comDNA (Graves et al., 1992) were unable mercial and recreational fisheries to reject the null hypothesis that weakthroughout their range. Precipitous fish along the U.S. east coast comprise a drops in total annual catches between single, genetically homogeneous stock. 1980 and 1994 led to a temporary ban However, the power of both the analy on commercial fishing in federal waters ses was limited by low overall genetic in 1995 (Anonymous, 1995), and there variation. is concern that bycatch of juvenile Recent analyses of new molecular weakfish by shrimp trawlers at the markers, including microsatellite southern end of the species' range DNA loci and nuclear gene intron is adversely impacting abundance regions, have revealed elevated levels (Vaughan et al.1). of genetic variation in relation to traAs water temperatures warm in ditional methods, such as allozymes the spring, weakfish move north and or RFLP analysis of mtDNA (Miller inshore into estuaries to spawn. When and Kapuscinski, 1996; Brunner et inshore temperatures cool in the fall, al., 1998). Although higher levels of juveniles move south to overwinter genetic variation do not necessarily off the coast of North Carolina, and provide greater stock resolution (Seeb older fish are thought to migrate et al., 1998), microsatellite loci have south and offshore (Wilk2). Traditional revealed stock structure for some spe studies based on tag and recapture cies, where more traditional molecular data (Nesbit, 1954), scale structure markers have not (Bentzen et al., 1996; (Perlmutter et al., 1956), morphometRuzzante et al., 1996; Patton et al., 1997). Similarly, analyses of variable gene intron regions have revealed stock structure within several marine fishes (Palumbi and Baker, 1994; Moran et al., 1997; Leclerc et al., 1996; Chow and Takeyama, 2000). In this study we em ployed analyses of nuclear and mtDNA markers to evaluate stock structure in weakfish along the east coast of the United States and to investigate pos sible hybridization between weakfish and other Cynoscion species.


In this paper, lanthanum oxide was modified by silane coupling agent (KH560), titanate coupler NDZ-201 and dopamine hydrochloride (DP). The microstructure and chemical structure of modified La2O3 were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and the dispersion of modified lanthanum oxide in polypropylene (PP) was investigated. The results show that the three modifiers can improve the organic properties of lanthanum oxide, and the interfacial compatibility between dopamine modified La2O3 and PP is better than the other two modifiers.


Amorphous BaTiO3 layers deposited on SrTiO3 (001) substrates at room temperature were subsequently crystallized using solid phase epitaxy (SPE). Heating an initially amorphous BaTiO3 layer in air at 650 °C for 3 h resulted in crystallization with components in two distinct crystallographic orientation relationships with respect to the substrate. Part of the volume of the BaTiO3 layer crystallized in a cube-on-cube relationship with the substrate. Other volumes crystallized in four variants of a 70.5° rotation about ⟨110⟩, resulting in a ⟨221⟩ surface normal in each case. Each of these four variants forms a Σ = 3 coincident site lattice with respect to the SrTiO3 substrate and the cube-on-cube oriented BaTiO3. Heating for the same duration and temperature in a reducing gas atmosphere resulted in the formation of polycrystalline BaTiO3 with no preferred crystallographic orientation. The dependence on the gas atmosphere indicates that it may be possible to tune the annealing time, temperature, and atmosphere to produce a single crystalline BTO on STO by SPE or produce a desired distribution of orientations.


Worldwide, sustainable water resource management becomes an increasingly challenging task due to the growth of population and extensive applications of fertilizer in agriculture. Moreover, climate change causes further stresses to both water quantity and quality. Reactive transport modeling in the coupled soil-aquifer system is a viable approach to assess the impacts of different land use and groundwater exploitation scenarios on the water resources.


The inclusive single jet and di-jet cross sections were measured for proton proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC}, using the ATLAS detector. The initial measurement used a total integrated luminosity of 17 nb1 of data collected at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV. Jets are reconstructed using the anti-kt algorithm with the two jet resolution parameters 0.4 and 0.6. A jet energy scale correction is then applied to these jets. The uncertainty on this correction dominates the total uncertainty on the measurement, and is calculated to be 73 for central jets above 60 Ge V. The final cross sections agree with the predictions of next to leading order perturbative QCD, providing comparisons with theory for a previously unmeasured energy regime.


AS ELECTION DAY APPROACHED IT SEEMED CERTAIN THAT LABOUR would come out on top and the Scottish National Party (SNP) would come second. Thanks to the new German-style electoral system it also seemed certain that Labour could not win an overall majority in the new Scottish Parliament and that the Conservatives would get some parliamentary representation however low their vote. But each of the parties had hopes and ambitions as well as expectations. Labour hoped to get over 60 seats in the new parliament of 129, enough at least to have the option of forming a minority government. The SNP hoped to get well over 40 seats, enough to let it assume the undisputed role of the opposition, and to mark a further step along the road to independence. The Liberal Democrats hoped to be more than a small but useful coalition partner in the new parliament. Out in the country they hoped the new electoral system would end the traditional handicap of a Liberal Democrat vote being dismissed as a 'wasted vote' and so let their votes rise to equal their underlying level of popular support. 'Other' parties and candidates hoped that the new electoral system and the new inclusive politics would somehow include them.


1. The Question under Discussion . The plains of Northern India consist of alluvial deposits brought down by the Rivers Indus and Ganges. These plains conceal from our view a deep trough that has been formed in the solid rock of the Earth's crust. The trough is bounded on the north by mountains of the tertiary age and on the south by an ancient pre-tertiary tableland. North of the trough the Earth's crust has undergone continual compression, disturbance, and uplift since the beginning of the tertiary age; south of the trough it has remained undisturbed since the close of the palaezoic era. On fig. 1 are shown the Indo-Gangetic trough, the mountainous area in its north, and the tableland on its south. From the writings of Suess, the Indo-Gangetic trough has come to be called the Himalayan foredeep. In this paper I am proposing to consider one question only, namely, the origin of the Himalayan foredeep.


Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is the part of radiation emitted by the Sun, with range between 280 nm and 400 nm, and that reaches the Earth's surface. The UV rays are essential to the human because it stimulates the production of vitamin D but this radiation may be related to several health problems, including skin cancer and ocular diseases like pterygium, photokeratitis, cataract and more. To inform people about UV radiation, it is adopted the Ultraviolet Index (UVI). This UVI consists in a measure of solar UV radiation level, which contributes to cause sunburn on skin, also known as Erythema, and is indicated as an integer number between 1 and 14, associated to categories from low to extreme respectively. The aim of this work was to develop a low cost UVI datalogger capable of measuring three different UVI sensors simultaneously, record their data with timestamp and serve the measures online through a dedicated server, so general public can access their data and see the current UV radiation conditions. We also compared three different UVI sensors (SGlux UV cosine, Skye SKU440 and SiLabs SI1145) between them and with meteorological models during a period of months to verify their compliance. With five months data, we could verify the sensors working characteristics and decide which among them are the most suitable for research purposes.


The Big Lift TM (Big Lift) is a preschool to third-grade initiative designed to boost literacy skills and ensure that children are reading proficiently by the third grade. First launched in 2012 by the County of San Mateo, the Silicon Valley Community Foundation, and the San Mateo County Office of Education, Big Lift comprises more than 300 community organizations. The initiative targets preschool through third-grade students in seven school districts in San Mateo County, California, that have below-average thirdgrade reading levels. Big Lift seeks to improve third-grade reading through a set of four coordinated and integrated "pillars": High-Quality Preschool, Summer Learning, School Attendance, and Family Engagement. As part of a multiphase, independent evaluation of the Big Lift initiative, researchers at the RAND Corporation are undertaking a series of descriptive reports on participation and achievement outcomes over multiple years. To date, RAND researchers have completed two outcome studies, both focusing on the Big Lift pillars for which data are available: High-Quality Preschool and Summer Learning. The first study in this series examined the early education experiences and kindergarten readiness outcomes of children in the 2016–2017 kindergarten class—in four "Cohort 1" districts—who received Big Lift services. The second study in this series, summarized here, builds on these initial analyses. RAND researchers examined kindergarten readiness outcomes of children in the 2017–2018 kindergarten class in the Cohort 1 districts and in three additional "Cohort 2" districts. The researchers also followed up on the 2016–2017 kindergarten class by documenting their reading skills at the end of kindergarten and the start of first grade in the fall of 2017. Although the study contains analyses of the Big Lift Inspiring Summer program—a free fiveor four-week summer program for lower-income rising kindergartners, firstgraders, and second-graders—this brief focuses on the Big Lift preschool findings. Taken together, these two reports shed light on how children who received Big Lift services performed in comparison with their peers. RAND's findings can be used to track trends over time and help Big Lift stakeholders make informed decisions on how best to serve their communities.


Every rational investor aimed to secure an optimum return from an investment at certain level of risk. However, the factors that affect the realization of the expected return are not known with certainty. Therefore, the reliability of a single point estimate for investment decision is debatable particularly when the likelihood of realizing the expected return is crucial to the investor. This study aimed at examining a better method of analysing the uncertainty in property investment rather than the use of the single point estimate formula. We collected a set of historic data from a multi-tenanted office complex in Akure to carry out the investment analysis using Monte Carlo simulation and Discounted Cash Flow Technique. The results from the study were compared and revealed that the single point estimate accounted for a huge level of risk as probability of realizing the expected return is unknown. The Monte Carlo simulation offers a more robust opportunity for a measured investment decisions by providing a probability of realizing different level of the expected returns. The study concludes that it is difficult to make a smart investment decision on a single point estimate. It therefore recommends the use of Monte Carlo simulation for property investment analysis for a more realistic return.


between the brides' and the grooms' educational attainments and between their levels of attractiveness. After controlling for people's tendency to marry others with attributes similar to their own, however, the analysis shows that less attractive people are just as likely as more attractive people to have highly educated spouses. In particular, more attractive women are no more likely than less attractive women to have highly educated husbands. We suggest that the differences between our results and those of earlier research can be traced in part to the lack of attention paid to men's attractiveness in marriage choices.


A new type of nonlinear sub-grid scale (SGS) model is adopted based on the helicity analysis and is verified by predicting the internal flow in a rotating channel. A stress term that contains helicity constraint is introduced into the original SGS model to construct a nonlinear sub-grid model. This additional term representing the helicity constraint effect in the momentum equations is shown to give predictions that are in better agreement with the experimental data. In this paper, the Detached-Eddy Simulation (DES) and the nonlinear SGS model are used to further study the turbulence statistics of the rotating channel flow. Combining with the Reynolds stress transport equations and the turbulent kinetic energy transport equation, the change of turbulence statistics near the wall of the rotating channel is analyzed. The newly added term changes the turbulent viscosity near the wall, which changes the velocity gradient near the wall and further affects other turbulence statistics near the wall.


Hydrophobically modified starch and its derivatives have unique properties and wide applications.This paper reviews the preparation of hydrophobically modified starch and some representative water-soluble starch derivatives such as carboxymethyl stach,hydroxyethyl starch,cationic starch and amphoteric starch.It also represents the affections to the main properties of products causing by the hydrophobic groups.The applications and developing prospects of starch containing hydrophobic groups in papermaking,wastewater treatment,soil-improvement,coating and plastics,and so on are introduced.


The arriving of information society has made information management become a specialized social occupation.Information management discipline is just the cradle to train this kind of special talent.The paper explores how to comprehend and treat information management occupation and how to position our special education and talent training in accordance with social requirement for occupation.


The impact of the recent very precise CLAS and COMPASS g1/F1 data on polarized parton densities and higher twist effects is discussed. It is demonstrated that the low Q2 CLAS data improve essentially our knowledge of higher twist corrections to the spin structure function g1, while the large Q2 COMPASS dala influence mainly the strange quark and gluon polarizations which slightly decrease. It is shown that the uncertainties in the determination of the polarized parlon densities are significantly reduced. We find also that the present inclusive DIS data cannot rule out a negative polarized and changing in sign gluon densities.


Introduction: Despite fair access to free or subsidised contraception as well as contraceptive counselling, a disproportionally large amount of young Swedish women seek abortion every year. Research shows that use of long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARC) such as the implant, IUD or IUS is a good means to curb the frequency of unintended pregnancies. However, these methods are currently underutilised among adolescents and young adults.
Aim: To explore young women's knowledge of and attitudes toward LARC.
Method: A literature based study including 12 scientific articles. Both qualitative and quantitative articles were included.
Results: Young women were found to have limited knowledge of LARC and to prefer their friend's opinions on LARC over health care professionals' advice. Obstacles to LARC use were found to be: fear of needles/pain, concern about future infertility and side effects. Health care professionals working with contraceptive counselling often based their knowledge of LARC on outdated, medically incorrect facts, consequently affecting the young women's attitude towards LARC.
Discussion: The results of the study showed that both young women and health care professionals had limited knowledge on LARC which led to their generally negative perception of the methods. The lack of communication between HCP and their female patients might be a reason as to why young women seek contraceptive advice from less reliable sources. It is of great importance that the national guidelines on contraceptive counselling are heeded in a future reworking of the Swedish public health policy.


Abstract This paper reviews and compares demographic, socioeconomic, behavioral (including diet) characteristics and heath phenotypes of centenarians in China and Italy. The results revealed that the interactions between familial longevity and any one of the three environmental factors (receipt of adequate medical care when ill as a child, number of living children, and household economic conditions) were significantly associated with the three health outcome indicators (IADL, self-rated life satisfaction, and anxiety-loneness) at old ages. We discovered that the effects of these environmental factors on the health outcome indicators were substantially stronger among elders who had no family history of longevity compared to centenarians' children who likely carry genes and/or inherited healthy behavior and better lifestyle from long-lived parents.


Portfolio assessment is an approach that is not new anymore, portfolios are exposed by educational experts to be implemented in educational institutions. In addition to the new assessment approach, the old portfolio assessment approach can be used. The application of portfolio assessment has not been optimally applied to learning activities in Higher Education. Research objectives were to analyze the application of portfolios in Leadership Management courses in the Primary School Teacher Education Study Program Universitas PGRI Palembang. We used descriptive method. The results of data analysis carried out in the study concluded that the application of the portfolio was very good in terms of student activity in learning, assignments and final test results in the Very Active or Very Good categories. Learning activities were 51.61% very active, 38.71% very good assignments and the final test was 54.84% very good. Based on the results of this study, the application of portfolio assessment is expected to be an alternative strategy for educators in the learning process to improve learning outcomes, motivate learning and as an effort to improve the quality of student learning.


Daylight harvesting is attracting attention from both energy saving and the viewpoint of improving the health and wellness of people in buildings. First, we made it possible to investigate the energy performance of outside and inside sun shadings in detail, by combining the annual calculation results by Radiance and NewHASP. Then, the evaluation module of visual environment, such as glare and view, was incorporated in the system using Radiance. Finally, multi-objective optimization simulation system is constructed for finding the optimal shape of the composite window system combining outside vertical louvers and inside venetian blind.


Abstract The configurations of several Assur kinematic chains (AKCs) are analysed with the aid of coupler curves. An analysed linkage is dismantled into two constituent linkages. The intersection points of two coupler curves generated by the constituent linkages are the solutions of the dismantling point. All possible configurations of the linkage can then be obtained with the dismantling point being found by solving two coupler curve equations. The coupler curve equations of Watt-I and Stephenson-I six-bar are derived with orders and circularities being emphasized. All three AKCs with seven-link and several AKCs with nine-link and even with 11-link are analysed. The maximum number of solutions can also be determined easily on the basis of the orders and circularities of the coupler curves. The chains with prismatic joints included are also considered.


The purpose of this essay is to demonstrate the dynamics and workings of Israeli aid to Africa with reference to three areas of Israel's foreign policy objectives: (1) containment of Arab influence; (2) strengthening economic ties; and (3) gaining political support against the Arabs within the United Nations and the Organization of African Unity. The author's primary concern is to assess the cost and gains of the pursuit of influence by Israel in Africa. In the mid-1950s, most developing countries had very little contact with Israel. They identified the Zionist movement with the West and saw Israel as another colonialist venture directed against the Arabs. Certainly, the Arabs lost no opportunity at world conferences to portray Israel as a tool of imperialism and made every effort to enlist Afro-Asian support for the rights of the Palestinian Arabs to return to their homeland. The Anglo-French-Israeli attack against Egypt in 1956 made Israel appear to be part of the colonial tradition. Consequently, Israel was in danger of political and economic isolation from many developing countries. After the Suez War, Israel's biggest challenge, therefore, was to end its isolation in the Afro-Asian world, to normalize its positions in the international system, and to counteract Arab opposition and propaganda. Israel's development of the Port of Elath on the Red Sea gave it an outlet to Asia and Africa that bypassed the Suez Canal and enhanced its contacts with the countries of these regions. To this end Israel sought relations with several of the African countries on the verge of independence. Up to 1956, Israel's only presence in Africa was an embassy in South Africa and a Consulate General in Kenya. The situation changed radically in the late 1950s and throughout the 1960s. By the end of 1969 thirty-two African countries had diplomatic ties with Israel and about twenty had co-operative treaties with it. The means a state uses to influence another is determined by the power at its disposal. In an attempt to achieve its foreign policy objectives in Africa, Israel resorted to economic and military co-operation primarily in the form of technical assistance.' The emphasis on technical assistance was determined by Israel's limited capital funds. Hence, Israeli officials ruled out competition with the big powers or Arab oil-producing countries in extending loans or making capital grants.2 Funds for Israeli technical assistance are usually provided by the Israeli government, host governments, international organizations, and to a lesser extent, by private banks.3 Israeli technical assistance to Africa took three basic forms: (1) sending, technical experts; (2) training civilian personnel in Israel; and (3) providing military aid. From 1958 to 1969 Israel sent 1,525 experts to Africa. Of these, 255 were in agriculture, 665 in youth orgainzation, 124 in medicine and health, 93 in education, 61 in construction, 146 in management and public service, 25 in social work, 13 in co-operation, and 143 in miscellaneous.4


The method for power confirming was introduced.Neutron fluence rate distribution and absolute neutron fluence rate of one point for critical facility under different powers were measured by activation method.Neutron fluence rate distribution was calculated with compiled MCNP code.The power of critical facility was calculated with fission rate method based on neutron fluence rate.The power was extrapolated while the max thermal neutron fluence rate was 1×108 cm-2·s-1.The power confirming for critical facility was completed.


ABSTRACT

Nastiti Arif Fadhilah Aina Mardziyah. 2019. Improving Students' Writing Ability in Narrative Text through Wholesome Scattering Game (A classroom Action Research of the Tenth Grade of SMK Islam Sudirman 2 Ambarawa in the Academic Year 2018/2019). A Graduating Paper, English Education Department, Teacher Training and Education Faculty State Institute for Islamic Studies Salatiga. Counselor: Hammam, Ph.D.
The objectives of this study is to find out the improvement and to know the significant of using wholesome scattering game to improve the students' writing ability in narrative text of the tenth grade of SMK Islam Sudirman 2 Ambarawa in the Academic Year 2018/2019.
The methodology of this research was classroom action research, the technique of collecting data was observation to now the students' activity during the teaching learning process, written test to measure the students' achievement before and after the technique was implemented and documentation to know he condition and activity as long as teaching learning process.
From the result mean score of post-tests were higher that pre-test. In the cycle I showed that pre –test score was 60,74 and the post-test is 66,30 and in the cycle II showed that the pre-test score was 70 and the post- test are 76,67. The result of statistic calculation indicated that the result of t-test of cycle I (To) calculation (2,71) and in the cycle II (To) calculation (2,63) and t-table (TT) value is 2,05 because the result of t-test cycle 1 and cycle II ? t-table, the alternative hypothesis (Ha) is accepted and the null hypothesis (Ho) is rejected. Based on the result of this study it could be concluded that the implementation of Wholesome Scattering Game could improve students' writing ability in narrative text of the tenth grade of SMK Islam Sudirman 2 Ambarawa in academic year 2018/2019.

Key Words: Writing; Narrative Text; Wholesome Scattering Game


ABSTRACT This study examines how collaborative learning (CL) activities might help to improve student engagement in practical skills acquisition (SEPSA). Using a time lagged data from 205 undergraduate students of Nigerian public universities, the direct effect of CL on SEPSA and the mediating effects of task value, mastery goal orientation and performance goal orientation were tested using Hayes-PROCESS Macro 3.5. The regression results indicate that CL associated positively with SEPSA as well as task value and mastery goal orientation, and not for performance goal orientation. However, the mediation analysis suggests that task value and mastery goal orientation mediate CL activities and SEPSA. Our findings highlight the important potentials of CL for increasing SEPSA. The present study has implications for higher education teachers and administrators, educators, policymakers, students and researchers who are in search of effective strategies for improving student engagement in practical skills acquisition and learning.


.................................................................................... 57 1 Introduction ................................................................................. 57 2 Theoretical aspects ...................................................................... 58 3 Algorithm implementation: general aspects ................................ 61 4 Algorithm implementation: specific aspects ............................... 65 4.1 Aquifer systems .................................................................. 65 4.2 Water distribution systems ................................................. 67 4.3 Wastewater systems ........................................................... 69 5 Conclusions ................................................................................. 72 References ....................................................................................... 72 Chapter 5 Particle swarm optimisation ..................................................... 75 Abstract ..................................................................................... 75 1 Introduction ................................................................................. 76 2 Description of particle swarm optimisation ................................. 77 2.1 Description of standard PSO .............................................. 77 2.2 Combining continuous and discrete variables .................... 79 2.3 Enriched diversity ............................................................... 79 2.4 Self-adapting parameters .................................................... 80 3 Multi-objective PSO .................................................................... 81 3.1 Dynamic population increase ............................................. 83 3.2 Human–computer interaction ............................................. 83 3.3 The algorithm ..................................................................... 84 4 Applications ................................................................................ 86 4.1 The design of water distribution systems ........................... 87 4.2 A single objective problem ................................................. 89 4.3 A multi-objective analysis .................................................. 92 5 Conclusions ............................................................................... 93 Acknowledgements ....................................................................... 94 References ..................................................................................... 94 Chapter 6 Tabu search for managing groundwater ................................. 101 Abstract ..................................................................................... 101 1 Introduction ............................................................................... 102 2 Tabu search concepts ................................................................. 103 3 Hybrid optimization types ......................................................... 104 4 Application to Blaine Naval Ammunition Depot ...................... 109 4.1 Situation and optimization approach .................................. 109 4.2 Application and results ....................................................... 112 5 Closure and outlook ................................................................... 113 References ..................................................................................... 114 Chapter 7 Harmony search algorithm ....................................................... 117 Abstract ..................................................................................... 117


Whilerandomizedcontrolledtrials(RCTs) showthatprostatespecific antigen (PSA) –based screening reduces death from prostate cancer (PC) and this effect appears to be more pronounced in younger and presumably healthier men (number needed to treat of 12 at a median follow-up of 14 years), the US Preventative Task Force has concluded that screening for PC with PSA does more harm than good. Why? While it has been suggested in one RCT (Prostate Cancer Intervention Versus Observation Trial [PIVOT]) after a median follow-up of 10 years that treatment of low-risk PC, which is detected more often with PSA screening, does not lead to a reduction in death from PC, the treatment effect for all men in the study approached significance (P .09) in reducing death from PC. This was observed despite being underpowered (designed to accrue 2,000 but accrued only 731) and enrolling men of less than average health based on a comparative SEER program study. Therefore, should these results at a 10-year median follow-up be used to decide on treatment for healthy men whose remaining life expectancy is greater than 10 years? Probably not, yet this data has been used to deter PSA screening and has prompted active surveillance in men diagnosed with low-risk PC who are healthier than men in PIVOT. While screening for and subsequent treatment of PC in men with limited life expectancy due to comorbidity has led some men to experience treatment-related toxicity without expectation of avoiding metastasis and death from PC termed "over diagnosis and overtreatment" respectively; is this a reason to abandon PSA screening altogether? The concern is that not screening high-risk patients, such as healthy African American men who are at higher risk of harboring and dying from aggressive PC compared with other races and ethnicities, might lead to more advanced disease that is less amenable to cure. We know that these advanced cancers are less likely to be cured despite multimodality therapies which are more toxic then unimodality therapy, which is often curative when the disease is PSA detected. Moreover, is this a reason to tell an otherwise healthy man who has been diagnosed with "low risk PC" that he does not need treatment when, due to prostate needle biopsy sampling error, 25% of men with biopsy proven "low-risk PC" are found to have at least intermediate risk PC after undergoing radical prostatectomy (RP) and when for such men PIVOT suggested a reduction in death from PC when RP was offered? The unfortunate result of these claims regarding screening for and treatment of PC is that some men facing a diagnosis of PC are requesting de-escalation of, or no immediate treatment for, their PC in an effort to avoid the possibility of experiencing toxicity without clinical benefit or overtreatment. To that end, treatments such as focal ablation and shortened (or accelerated) courses of radiation therapy using cyberknife or stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) are being studied, however randomized evidence of comparable toxicity and efficacy compared with accepted standard of practice are currently unavailable. Of concern, while only a theoretical basis for improved local control with accelerated radiation treatment exists, this approach is being used to treat men with PC off study. It is possible this treatment could be less efficacious and more toxic then current standards of care. Fortunately, data are currently pending from an ongoing Swedish RCT (International Standard Randomized Controlled Trial Number Register 45905321) evaluating the relative efficacy and toxicity of an accelerated RT regiment with high-dose intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) which is a standard of care as endorsed by the 2013 National Cancer Center Network guidelines. Specifically the two randomized treatment arms are 78 Gy in 39 conventional 2 Gy IMRT treatments over 8 weeks versus 42.7 Gy in seven hypofractionated or accelerated 6.1 Gy SBRT treatments over 2.5 weeks for primarily intermediate-risk PC. Importantly, toxicity reporting from this RCT is expected by 2015. While awaiting the results of this RCT, the study by Yu et al that accompanies this editorial evaluates the relative toxicity of these two approaches. They used the Chronic Condition Warehouse database, which is a comprehensive database of 100% of Medicare fee-forservice claims for patients with specific conditions such as PC. They then performed a 2:1 match (IMRT to SBRT) within each follow-up JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY E D I T O R I A L VOLUME 32 NUMBER 12 APRIL 2


Chitosan (D.D=90.7%,η=5~6×10 6)was degraded to low molecular weight components whose η was5015,10020 and 15800 respectively.The degraded chitosan was modified through N,O-carboxylmethylation with monochloroacetie acid.The modified products were applied in the chrome tanning process,the results showed that the product with lower molecular weight and higher substitution degree has better chrome exhaustion ability.The chrome content in the waste tanning liquor is below 0.5g/L(calculated on Cr 2O 3).


We consider the general concept of quantum field quantization in the nano-antenna modeled as an atomic chain. We show that the transformation of quantum near-field to the far-field is accompanied by the transformation of the quantum state of light. As a result, transmitting and receiving antennas cannot be considered separately, which has no analogs in classical antennas. Such behavior stems from the transmitting antenna quantum state destruction via the signal detection by the receiving antenna.


Model-based diagnosis of discrete event systems (DESs) is more and more active in artificial intelligence. However, there has been always a very restrictive assumption in the previous works that the model of a given DES is complete, including all nominal behaviors and all possible failure behaviors of the system. In order to relax this so restrictive assumption, in this paper, model-based diagnosis of a DES with an incomplete system model is investigated. A new concept of "P-synchronization product" of finite state automata is proposed, by which the P-diagnosis of the DES with an incomplete system model is easily put forward. It is also shown that the traditional synchronization product of finite state automata can be seen as a special situation of P-synchronization product. In addition, an ideal heuristic way from theoretical view to improve the P-synchronization product is discussed as well.


This study aims to analyze the effect of corporate governance on the relationship between board involvement in politics and earnings management in manufacturing companies on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. This study used 63 manufacturing companies which were selected using purposive sampling method. The data analysis method used is multiple regression which is processed through the help of the SPSS program. Based on the results of hypothesis testing, it was found that the board of commissioners involved in politics had a significant positive effect on earnings management. Meanwhile, the board of directors with political connections and corporate governance individually has a significant negative effect on earnings management. In the results of hypothesis testing, it is also found that the board of commissioners and the board of directors who have political connections have a significant effect on earnings management with corporate governance as a moderating variable in manufacturing companies on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The results of this study found that the implementation of corporate governance will have a different impact on the relationship between the board of commissioners and the board of directors on earnings management. In the relationship between the board of commissioners and earnings management, corporate governance is able to weaken earnings management activities. Meanwhile, in the relationship between the board of directors and earnings management, corporate governance can strengthen earnings management activities.


As a frequently referenced model for analyzing team innovation, the input-process-output (IPO) model is utilized to distinguish the relations and the levels between critical factors of team innovation. Six critical determinants of team innovation, including team member diversification, team member ability, team member complementary ability, team leadership efficacy, knowledge sharing, and team climate for innovation, were identified in a previous study and used for this study. The relations of these six factors are straightened out by DEMATEL method. The result is helpful for future studies as being a good reference for researchers to construct their relational models of team innovation. Both organization and team leaders can enhance the team innovation though improving the cause factors and control the entire team innovation process through monitoring central factors.


This study examined the effects of medical tourism service importance on visit intention among japanese tourists visiting korea. The Data were...


This chapter is aimed at providing a brief overview of near net shape forming of aeroengine components. Among many near net shape-forming processes, this chapter will focus on direct laser deposition (DLD) and net shape HIPping (NSHIPping). DLD has applications in the area of building small components or for precision repair, and NSHIPping is mainly used for manufacturing large components, especially from Ti or Ni alloys. The chapter will cover an introduction to these technologies, their pros and cons, the mechanical properties of the components manufactured using these processes, and the issues for their application in the aerospace industry.

Keywords:

manufacture of aeroengine Ni/Ti components;
advanced powder processing;
net shape laser fabrication;
net shape HIPping


The framework of generalized hydrodynamics is used to explore the softening of shear modes and the diffusive mode observed in the phonon spectrum of beta tungsten structures. Due to the fact that the movement of the d electrons is restricted to quasilinear chains and that the number of d electrons in each chain is quasiconserved in the temperature regime above the Martensitic phase transition, it can be expected that fluctuations of the charge density exhibit hydrodynamic behaviour resulting in a diffusive mode. Plausible assumptions about the d electron lifetime lead to a width of the central peak which lies within the experimentally found upper bound for it.


Background: Diagnostic accuracy for estimating myometrial infiltration by ultrasound in endometrial cancer requires experience. The objective of this study is to determine the learning curve (LC) for assessing myometrial infiltration in cases of endometrial cancer using transvaginal ultrasound (TVS). Methods: Five trainees (one staff radiologist and four fourth-year OB/GYN residents) participated in this study. All trainees had experience in performing TVS, but none of them had specific training on the assessment of myometrial infiltration. Trainees were given one specific lecture about the topic, and then they observed videoclips from 10 cases explained by the trainer. After this, all trainees visualized 45 videoclips of uterine ultrasound scans of endometrial cancer cases. The assessment of myometrial infiltration was based on the subjective impression. Definitive histology was used as a reference standard. Trainees stated whether myometrial infiltration was ≥50% or <50%. LC-CUSUM and standard CUSUM graphics were plotted to determine how many cases were needed to reach competence, allowing a mistake rate of 15%. Results: All trainees completed the study. LC-CUSUM graphics showed that three trainees reached competence at the 33rd, 35th and 36th case, respectively. All three of them kept the process under control after reaching competence. One trainee reached competence but did not maintain it in the cumulative analysis. One trainee did not reach competence. Conclusion: Our study suggests that 30–40 cases would be needed to be trained for assessing myometrial infiltration by TVS by visual interpretation of videoclips by most trainees.


The invention relates to the field of research on methods for treating internal surfaces of furnace tubes and discloses a method for treating the internal surface of a pyrolysis furnace tube. The method comprises the step of treating the internal surface of the pyrolysis furnace tube with a gas mixture containing sulfide steam, water vapor and low-oxygen-partial-pressure gas so as to form an oxide film and a sulfide film on the internal surface of the furnace tube. The method for treating the internal surface of the pyrolysis furnace tube, provided by the invention, is simple, the formed oxide film and sulfide film can be used for effectively covering elements, i.e., Fe and Ni of the internal wall of the pyrolysis furnace tube, and coke deposited on the internal wall of the pyrolysis furnace tube can be reduced by 80% or more.


The problem faced by athletes in everyday life are often the cause of a person's mental disturbance in training and competing . The success of an athlete is determined by the physical and mental readiness. Since psychic or mental condition will affect their success in training and competing. Mental readiness of athletes is not only done by lifting motivation, but also other psychological aspects are need eed to be considered. Mental readiness before competing will determine the success of athletes in dealing with critical situations in the competition then discipline is absolutely necessary to achieve. But a lot of things that make someone becomes unwell both physically and mentally. For example when they have problems with his families , friends and environment around him. So , t h is situation influences emotional stability, concentration and energy. The role of islamic counseling for the athletes is the form of preventive where athletes get guidance or direction relating to problems preventing , such as: giving motivation, advice, in the form of a strengthening of confidence and strengthening of the attitudes of students that are not easily persued , then describe how good socialization within the scope of their fellow association, as well as to the environment due to outline the dominant environmental factors affecting the individual. The role of the guidance is given to the students  before competing , the students read Al-Quran (yasinan) and pray together . This make them seem stronger and keep their spirit. While they are feeling down, they are preparing  a break of one or two minutes to read Al-Fatihah, so they look more spirit again, students who had looked nervous to be more calm, it is clear that it can affect student s' life. This means that the guidance can help and coach students.


The transfer-matrix methodology is frequently used to deal with elastic scattering problems that require a solution of the Schrodinger or homogeneous Maxwell equations in the continuous part of their spectra. The numerical stability of the transfer-matrix algorithm can be dramatically improved by a subdivision of the diffusive part of the system into several adjacent layers. However, until now, no accurate recommendation on the number of layers to use was given. This paper presents the transfer-matrix technique and the layer addition algorithm. A model is developed to analyze the accuracy of these techniques and enable a quantitative control. As a result of the model, an expression for the minimum number of layers to consider in order to achieve a given accuracy on the transfer-matrix computation is derived. The theory is illustrated by a simulation of electronic field emission. @S1063-651X~99!02904-9#


We present theoretical expressions relating the cohesive energy to the bulk modulus, the force constant and the lattice constant applicable to solids with a variety of crystal structures. We have found that the cohesive energy is directly proportional to the ratio between the product of the bulk modulus through the atomic volume and the exponent of the repulsion term. We have defined a figure of merit for materials as the ratio between the product of the bulk modulus through the atomic volume and the cohesive energy. The reciprocal of this ratio is a measure of the hardness of materials. Likewise, we have found the expressions for anharmonicity and thermal expansion coefficients, which can explain, also, their possible negative values.


Vaccination as a preventative strategy against Trichinella spiralis infection is an ongoing effort, although no ideal vaccine candidates have been identified until now. Identification of more effective antigens that have a role in essential life stages of the parasite and that may be effective vaccine candidates is therefore of importance. In the present study, we identified a novel aquaporin gene ( TsAQP) from T. spiralis, and the potential antigenicity of TsAQP was evaluated by epitope prediction. A total of 11 post-translational modification sites were predicted in the protein and fell into 4 categories: N-glycosylation; casein kinase II phosphorylation; protein kinase C phosphorylation; and N-myristoylation sites. TsAQP is a membrane intrinsic protein with high hydrophobicity; the main hydrophobic domains comprised up to 38.5% of the protein and were distributed at amino acid positions 21-43, 54-71,


Objective To determine the importance and satisfaction of the basic needs of geriatric patients and their related factors.Methods A total of 96 geriatric patients were investigated with a scale that was designed according to Maslow' s hierarchy-of-needs theory. The survey content included general characteristic and the importance of basic needs and the satisfaction.Results On the importance of the basic needs,the physiological and the safety needs scored the highest ( 9.40 ± 0.83,9.67 ± 0.87 ) and the social needs and the esteem needs followed (7.17 ± 2.47,6.19 ± 2.53),the self-actualization needs scored the lowest (3.58 ± 2.27 ) ; On the satisfaction of the basic needs,the safety needs scored the lowest (2.54 ±0.94).The importance of the physiological needs,safety needs,social needs and aesthetic needs were not related to their satisfactions ( P > 0.05 ),while the importance of the esteem needs cognition needs and the actualization needs were negatively related to their satisfactions (r =-0.435,-0.535,-0.610,respectively;P < 0.05 ).The importance of physiological need was positively related with age ( r =0.225,P < 0.05 ) ;satisfaction of safe need was negatively related with age ( r =- 0.264,P < 0.05 ),however,positively related with education degree ( r =0.254,P < 0.05 ).Conclusions The characteristic of the basic needs of the geriatric patients should be paid attention.Nurses should satisfy not only the physiological needs and the safety needs,but also the higher level needs according to the characteristic of the needs of different geriatric patients.

Key words:
Geriatric patients;  Basic needs;  Importance;  Satisfaction;  High-ranking cadres; Hospitalized patients


"We Americans are reared with a feeling for the unity of our history and an unprecedented belief in the normality of our kind of life. . . . [T]he same political institutions have persisted throughout our whole national career and therefore have acquired a certain appearance of normality and inevitableness." So states Daniel Boorstin in The Genius of American Politics, published in 1953.1 Sixty-four years later, voters elected a president who promised to overturn customs, protocols, and institutions of government. No continuity, no normality. On his road to the White House, Donald Trump understood that actions and words once considered unacceptable would serve him well. The more lies he told, the more boorishly he behaved, the more bigotry he espoused, the more ignorance he revealed, the more defiance he displayed, all the more approval he gained. Behold the genius of American politics today. Trump's victory signals a rupture in American political traditions. We cannot know the extent of it yet, but the breach is visible. The fact that an ostensibly conservative party has brought this about attests to the seriousness of the situation. Conservatism has given rise to a strident, reactionary politics now called populism. One hopes that responsibilities of governance, established procedures, and political opposition will restrain the president. Then again, hope for moderation might well prove illusory. Republican control of both Congress and the White House gives Trump an extraordinary opportunity to "make America great again."


PURPOSE: A method for manufacturing a photo-mask, the photo-mask and a method for manufacturing a display device are provided to improve form patterns by implementing distortion correction with respect to respect thin films. CONSTITUTION: A first pattern is formed on a first thin film, which is formed on a transparent substrate(110), through a photolithography process. A second pattern is formed on a second thin film through the photo-lithography process. A first drawing process and a second drawing process are implemented while the first and second patterns are formed. The drawing processes are implemented using a distortion corrected correction coordination system.


Text clustering is one of common techniques in mining large scales of document data. The paper presents an improved K-Means text clustering algorithm in which a local search mechanism is introduced. By the iteration process of K-Means algorithm, our approach can quickly get a local extreme point, and then use the search strategy of local search mechanism to have K-Means jump out of that point and get a better solution. The experimental results show that our approach achieves better performance in the terms of entropy than the traditional algorithm while not slowing down the clustering speed.