This paper describes findings from the first phase of a research project investigating the modelling of risk and uncertainty in construction estimating and forecasting. The objectives of the project are to examine current methods and, experimentally, to explore techniques which offer the potential for the production of improved information from estimates and forecasts. Some of the causes of error and bias in both traditional deterministic and in probabilistic estimating and forecasting are described. The majority of the research in cognitive psychology which has led to the common assumption of errors and biases has been carried out with lay people thinking intuitively about problems. The present research is an attempt to test these biases in a domain-specific, non-intuitive context with individuals trained in that domain. The authors hypothesize that, if professional training has any value then they should find less evidence of bias than is the case in the general literature. Empirical results are reporte...


The construction of shield tunnels is being expanded from the small-bore tunnels such as power, telecommunications, water supply, and sewerage pipes to the large bore tunnels such as road and railway tunnels with the advancement of the shield TBM (Tunnel Boring Machine) manufacturing technology. Accordingly, the construction of twin shield tunnels is increasing. Peck (1969) reported that the surface settlement trough is well described by a Gaussian distribution on a single shield tunnel. Hereafter, many studies about the surface settlement trough were performed by the field measurement, laboratory model test, and numerical analysis. This study confirmed that the additional surface settlement trough induced by the 2 nd tunneling were well described by using each Gaussian curve for the right and left sides of the settlement trough.


A micro-vortex was observed to occur in liquid films exposed to the combined action of a focused laser beam and a high-frequency electric field. The laser beam was perpendicular to both the surface of the liquid film and the direction of the electric field. The size of this optoelectrostatical microvortex (OEMV) in various liquids (water, ethanol, acetone, nitrobenzene) varied with the conditions of the experiment, but stayed in the 10 mu m range. The velocity of the liquid flow in the vortex could be controlled according to the intensity and frequency of the electric field (5*10/sup 4/ to 10/sup 6/ V/m, 2*10/sup 4/ to 10/sup 6/ Hz), laser power (0 to 2 W), and laser power density in the focal point. No microvortex was observed in benzene and chloroform. As an application of this phenomenon, single DNA molecules could be transported along the OEMV.<<ETX>>


By digesting the rational content of western traditional ideas of subjectivity and criticizing its basis of idealism, Carl Marx discovered the nature of subjectivity.His theory is characterized with the argument that the fundamental source of subjectivity stems from social practice.Reviewing the theories of the past, the author attempts at a new access to the theory of subjectivity and the relationship between man's subjective construction and social-economical development with the purpose of finding a new practical foundation for this theory.


Unrecognized and unaddressed injury-related fears may hinder the rehabilitation process in injured athletes. Currently, 3 scales have been reported to measure injury-related fears in general orthopedic patient populations: the Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia-11 (TSK-11), the Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire (FABQ), and the Re-Injury Anxiety Inventory (RIAI). However, these instruments have not been studied extensively in athletes with musculoskeletal injuries. The purpose of this case series was to describe changes in injury-related fear in intercollegiate and interscholastic athletes with acute musculoskeletal injuries. Twenty-six athletes completed the 3 questionnaires at 48 hours, 1 week, and 3 weeks postinjury. Responses to all 3 questionnaires and their subscales, except for the RIAIRehab subscale, changed signifi cantly over the course of the study. In addition, signifi cant correlations were found among most measures, as each appears to be measuring diff erent constructs of the same phenomena. Following acute musculoskeletal injury, injury-related fear scores decreased as the athletes' condition improved. [Athletic Training & Sports Health Care. 2013;x(x):xxx-xxx.]


Non Linear Optics (NLO) deals with the interactions of applied electromagnetic fields in various materials to generate new electromagnetic field altered in phase, frequency, amplitude and other physical properties. The field of NLO and photonics are rapidly emerging as the technology for the 21 century. A series of potential nonlinear optical (NLO) compounds, (–OH) and (–Cl) substituted derivatives of salicylaldimine-based ligands were designed and synthesized. The calculation results reveal that the substituent positions play a significant role in NLO properties of these compounds. The synthesized complexes are characterized by magnetic susceptibility measurements, molar conductance, elemental analysis and spectral analysis (IR, UV-Vis, H-NMR, EPR and EI-mass). Metal complex mediated cleavage of DNA is a subject of continued interest, particularly toward development of new metallo-pharmaceuticals. Hence, the nuclease activity of the synthesized metal(II) complexes are studied and the result shows that the complexes cleave DNA. The Non Linear Optical properties of the ligand are expected to result in the realization of advanced optical devices in optical fibre communication (OFC) and optical computing.


Considering the existing shortcomings of stability analysis of settlements of operational subway tunnels,the main factors of settlement of a subway tunnel were selected as the state variables of the settlement system using the method of principal component analysis based on Lyapunov theory.A dynamic model of the settlement system of the subway tunnel was established using the method of data inversion.The stability criterion of settlement of the subway tunnel was also given.The calculation results of a case study show that the proposed method for stability analysis of settlement of the operational subway tunnel based on Lyapunov theory is reasonable and feasible,and can provide references for similar projects.


on fat-saturated T2-weighted images. Arrow shows the location of the compression on the tested breast. The other breast was not compressed. In the tested breast, glandular tissue stiffness = 0.74 ± 0.13 kPa (prior-compression) vs. 0.95 ± 0.13 kPa (20% compression). Fig.1. Breast MRE compression setup. (1) magnet bore, (2) subject, (3) RF coil, (4) driver, (5) bed, (6) biopsy plates, (7) adjustable positioning frame. Fig. 2. Results. PRI: prior to compression; 20%: with 20% breast compression; RM: after the compression was removed. Error bars show positive SD values. 1018 Compression Effects in Breast MR Elastography Jun Chen, Kathleen Brandt, Karthik Ghosh, Roger Grimm, Kevin Glaser, Jennifer Kugel, Kay Pepin, and Richard Ehman Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States


The synthesis on artificial antigens of pesticides directly influences the quality of the antibodies,and is critical in the format of particular and sensitive immunology assay.The progress of the principle and synthesis methods of haptens were introduced in this paper.Furthermore,the design and selection of synthesis methods of artificial antigens and the influencing factors of the synthesis of haptens were introduced.Some questions and the new perspective of the immunoassay for pesticide residues were also discussed.


It is a direct method to insert vital information using QR codes into color images with minimal probability of error detection. With standard decoding applications these insertions of vital information using QR code into color codes are suitable. It takes benefits of the support of QR readers against interruption of image luminance moreover, the vital information in QR code bits are transformed into the luminance values of the image. Multiresolution halftoning masks algorithm uses for the selection of modified pixels and nonlinear programming techniques with which pixel of the images are transformed into luminance level, to reduce the visual distortion of the QR image. Here a QR code with colored image is proposed with new multiresolution technique to minimize processing time. General Terms Quick response, Multiresolution halftoning


The management and implementation of security check work of indoor gas facilities are described in terms of security check planning,staff training,security check contents,hidden danger treatment,establishment of security check management system,security check propagation and so on.


The special design process of an efficient residential house energy saving energy system is presented in this work. The main objectives are to achieve major energy cost reductions, providing safe house and reliable service. Thus, the essentials tool of the system will focus on providing useful information for the user by continuous monitoring and recording of the consumption behaviour of the operating appliances, also will raise early alarms in case of fault detection by high temperature monitoring. The outcomes of monitoring and analyzing the real power demand of group of typical house appliances is then used as a case-study for proposing further tools such as consumption forecast, tariff comparing and scheduling tools. Rule based system was designed for efficient and reliable operation control of house energy system with distributed energy source and storage units. Lab-View software package is used for implementation of most of the proposed algorithms which have been tested by variation of possible operating conditions. The results have shown that 22.75% energy savings can be achieved by applying the proposed tools and control strategies on typical home appliances. Modification of the system is recommended to include wide range of consumer's types such as industrial and commercial sectors and to include more than one type of distributed energy sources.


Strong pretransitional divergence of shear viscosity was observed for the first time near a smectic-$A$\char22{}smectic-$B$ phase transition by capillary shear flow with the layer normal perpendicular to both the flow velocity and velocity gradient. The results are inconsistent with a single power-law type of critical exponent and are suggestive of an essential singularity. Possible implications of the results for recently proposed models of the smectic-$B$ phase and mechanisms for smectic-$A$\char22{}smectic-$B$ phase transitions are discussed.


Business model innovation of a company is a form of adaptation to the current economic turmoil to determine competitive advantage. To deal with this, PT HPA Indonesia or Halal Network International (HNI) which is based on the Muslim crowd and consistently is considered to be developing and getting the leading position must be able to survive in the middle of challenging market. The purpose of this research is to analyze the strategy of sustainable competitive advantage for HNI as sharia crowd business firm. The mixed method approach was carried out using literature studies, guided interviews, and online questionnaires for certain experts. The data processing technique used in this research is ANP (Analytical Network Process) to involve the analysis of the relationship between the network elements. The results of this research indicate that effective strategy is the right strategy for sustainable competitive performance. This strategy focuses on developing resource capital. The three elements with the lowest priority in this pride strategy model are reputation & quality control, technology & buyer fulfillment and sales of product content. By combining institutional capital and resource capital, a sustainable competitive advantage can be achieved by focusing performance on the subfactors of corporate image and leadership.


In this paper, second law analysis has been done for the vapor compression–vapor absorption (VC–VA) cascade system. Ammonia–water is considered as the working pair in absorption section and R407C is dealt as the working fluid in VC section. Exergy destruction or the irreversibility rate is determined in each components of VC–VA cascade system, for a wide range of cooling capacity by considering a variable speed reciprocating compressor. Further in this, Coefficient of structural bond (CSB) analysis is carried out to quantify the effect of varying the generator temperature, effectiveness of solution heat exchanger, inlet temperature of external fluids in evaporator/condenser and some other variables. Solution heat exchanger and the condenser are reported to have high CSB value, so have a great scope of improvement to reduce the irreversibility rate of the whole system.


Without any doubt, for the last decade, online social networks have been hubs for political participation both for elite members such as politicians, parliamentary members, and ordinary citizens. Each online activity leaves digital traces of the users participating which enable researchers to study online political behavior and build multi-faceted sensors to understand the underlying dynamics. In this talk, I broadly focus on three facets of online political behaviors of users and how to model them. First, I investigate the formations of communities in online political networks. Second, I focus on detecting negative linkages between users such as enmities or antagonisms. Œird, I present the problem of the controversial issue and frame detection in online political networks. For each part, I give one exemplary recent work and possible future directions to take.


Objective To investigate the curative effects of astragalus injection combined with salviae miltiorrhizae compound injection on nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy.Methods 46 patients(88 eyes) with diabetic retinopathy of I-III phase were randomly divided into treatment group and control group.The patients in control group were used the diet control and the oral administration or insulin treatment to control blood glucose,and in treatment group blood glucose was controlled with the same way in control group add with Astragalus injection 30 mL compound salviae miltiorrhizae injection 20 mL in physiological saline 250 mL,ivbydrip Qd,2 weeks as a treatment course,and 2 treatment courses continuously.Fasting blood glucose,2-hour postprandial blood glucose,central vision acuity and Fundus Fluorescein Angiography were measured before and after the treatment.Results The central vision acuity and retinopathy conditions in treatment group were significant improved than in the control group,and were less worsen than in the control group(P0.01).Conclusion The astragalus injection combined with salviae miltiorrhizae compound injection is effective for nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy when the blood glucose is controlled in normal condition.


Badan Usaha Milik Negara (BUMN) is a State-Owned Enterprises (SOEs) in Indonesia, were created to carry out commercial activities acting on behalf of the government. It means that BUMN management is quite specific because of dualism, firstly BUMNs are in the field of public governance with intervention from the government, and secondly BUMNs are autonomous business entities that have dual objectives are social and economic. This is claimed as a source of inefficiency of BUMN, opposite to Badan Usaha Milik Swasta (BUMS) which purely commercial business entity. This research aims to analyze the differences of BUMN and BUMS efficiency in banking industry. Research population is taken from public listed companies in Indonesia since 2013 to 2017 with purposive sampling way. Data analyzing technique is uses a comparison of two samples with t-test. The result shows that the two variables: Leverage multiplier and loan to deposit ratio different between BUMN banks and BUMS banks and the rest three variables: Interest expense ratio, cost of efficiency ratio and cost of fund are indifferent between BUMN banks and BUMS banks. This research found that BUMN banks more efficient and more aggressive than BUMS banks in their banking operations.


Summary. We present data on the breeding biology of Ceará Gnateater Conopophaga cearae obtained during field work in the Serra de Baturité region, Ceará, Brazil, between 2017 and 2023: five nests, nine eggs, one nestling, one fledgling and a broken-wing display were documented. We also searched for specimens in two Brazilian ornithological collections, which resulted in an additional nest, two eggs and five specimens with evidence of breeding condition. Finally, we review available breeding data for the Conopophagidae, revealing that breeding biology information for the family is largely confined to two of the 11 currently recognised species.


The higher education institutions (HEIs) are engaging with multi modal delivery for its courses and diversifying teaching and learning strategies. The
reasons for multi modal delivery range from desire to increase enrolment to providing educational access to learners far and wide. In the university of the South
Pacific (USP), learners constitute a diverse demographic and equally diverse is the learners' geographical context. However, there is a need to listen to learners' voice in light of their changing learning needs. The study examines learners' preference for learning environments with the aim to understand the reasons for their preference for a particular learning environment. The study has implications for all HEIs especially if they wish to engage learners from diverse backgrounds.


Eucalyptus dunnii provenance-family trials planted at two contrasting sites in north-eastern New South Wales (NSW) and containing 219 seedlots were assessed for growth and form at age-6% years. Wood basic density and collapse of sample cores from a subset of the seedlots at one site were also assessed. Volume was more than four times greater at the warmer coastal site compared with the cooler, higher altitude site. Highly significant differences occurred among provenances for volume and stem straightness only at the coastal site. Provenance differences for wood basic density and collapse were not significant. Better provenances for growth at the coastal site were from southern (Moleton-Kangaroo River) and northern (NSW border ranges) populations. A Eucalyptus gmndis seedling seed orchard seedlot included in the trials was inferior to E. dunnii for both growth and stem form. Variation between families-within-provenances was significant for all traits assessed at each site. Individual tree heritability estimates were low to moderate for volume and stem straightness (0.14 to 0.28) but moderate to high for the wood properties (0.42 to 0.75). Phenotypic correlations between traits were generally low but favourable. Genetic correlations between traits ranged from low to high and were generally favourable but the magnitudes of the standard errors on most of these were very large and, for most, exceeded the value of the estimate. Interactions between provenance and site were significant for volume but not for stem straightness. Family by site interactions were significant for both of these traits. However, about 30 % of families did show stability for volume and 11 families ranked in the top 20 % at both sites.


The incorporation of certain low cost wood resins as extenders in urethane foam systems is discussed. Significant cost reductions can be realized from these systems while still maintaining those physical properties which make urethane foams unique as a low-tem perature thermal insulation. Formulation studies, processing details, and foam properties are discussed along with the present and potential value of such sys tems in expanding and stabilizing the mar kets for rigid urethane foams.


This article illustrates how teachers' pedagogical stories inscribe worlds, beliefs, and identities that position their students' participation and performance. Based on a view of storytelling as a rich site for observing teaching as the joint social construction of "self" as successful academic performer and social actor, the article analyzes two teachers' storytelling practices that, unbeknown to them, were integral to teaching and learning in their high school classrooms. The two teachers held contrasting visions of education and accomplishment. The analyses of the teachers' object lesson stories illustrate the particular dispositions, beliefs, and values that they manifested for their own roles as teachers as well as for their students' roles as learners. Each set of stories appealed to a particular demographic group of students. By juxtaposing these unique narrative repertoires, the article extends sociocultural theories of how successful student participation is a local, interactive accomplishment tied in complex ways to larger social narratives.


In this contribution, we address opportunities for cooperation between Information Science and Computational Linguistics. To prepare this discussion, we introduce the main aspects of current computational linguistic research, and we assess their potential to interact with research issues and also with products of Information Science. The third part of this article is devoted to the specific situation at University of Hildesheim: we discuss proposals for joint research in the triangle between Information Science, Computational Linguistics and Multilingual Communication.


Air Pollution produced from the Vehicular sources has become a big problem and going to become larger as vehicle population is projected to grow close to 1300 million by the year 2030. There are a large number of products such as NOX, CO, HC etc. due to incomplete / improper combustion in engine. These pollutants influence the air quality, atmosphere, and human and animal health. Numbers of alternate technologies like improvement in design of engine, use of alternative fuels, fuel treatment, using fuel additives, exhaust gas treatment etc. are being considered to lessen the emission levels of the engine. Use of Catalytic Converter however is found to be the most suitable method to control the automotive exhaust emission amongst all other technologies. The review paper discusses automotive exhaust emissions and its effect, automotive exhaust emission control by platinum (noble) group metal based catalyst in catalytic converter, history of catalytic converter, types of catalytic converter, limitation of catalytic converter and also achievements of catalytic converter..


A modified nondispersive infrared technique, Gas Filter Correlation (GFC), was demonstrated in the laboratory to provide a sensitive and specific means of measuring pollutant concentrations in the presence of interfering gases. The basic idea of GFC is that a pollutant gas matching the spectral characteristics of the pollutant to be detected can be used in a reference cell and thus provide high specificity. A theoretical analysis of the GFC technique is presented. Experimental results given demonstrate that the technique can be used to measure HC1 and HF concentrations of less than 0.1 ppm.


The aim of this study was to examine the effectiveness and efficiency of the introduction of Digital Commercial Banking in Ghana In this study data collection was done through structured questionnaires and interview. These questionnaires were designed by taking into accounts the objectives and the hypothesis of the study. As a result, a sample size of 20 respondents was chosen for the collection of data. These respondents comprises of bank officials in which 75% were retained. In this study, data collections were analyzed through the use of tables and graphs to present frequency and interpretation thereof From the findings, the e-banking system has bridged the gap between management and employees in such a way that consultations on decisions and services from management to employees and customers are done through the use of computers and modems respectively. Hence, it has rapidly reduced the work load and series of mistakes of the staff. Negatively, it has led to the termination of employees due to the illiteracy of the system. Apparently, the long queues of customers during working hours has reduced, hence it has ceased unnecessary complains.


In the conventional Direct Torque Control (DTC) the stator flux and the electromagnetic torque have high ripples due to the switching frequency variations. To fix it, the Space Vector Modulation (SVM) is used in this paper. This paper aims firstly to develop a novel DTC-SVM structure based Sliding Mode (SM) controllers to overcome the DTC-SVM based PI controllers limitations, such as the sensitivity to the external disturbances and the parameter variations. Secondly, this paper deals to reduce the sampling period of the system utilizing the Field Programmable Array (FPGA). The conventional DTC, DTC-SVM with PI controllers and the DTC-SVM with SM controllers are developed, designed from Xilinx system generator tool, implemented on the FPGA-Virtex-5 ML507, and then compared in terms of ripples and the stator resistance variation. It has been noticed that the DTC-SVM with SM controllers provides a torque and flux with very low ripples and it is robust under stator resistance variations.


The main purpose of this paper is to investigate how the political instability in 2009 affected the Madagascar vanilla exports. Madagascar vanilla sector has experienced robust growth over the past decade which contributes to both the economy and the job creation, especially in northeast region where Vanilla was planted. However, this growth faced a serious problem after the political instability in 2009. This paper shows that the suspension of Africa Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA), due to the political instability, had a large negative impact on vanilla exports. To estimate its impacts on vanilla exports, the international trade data permit us to isolate those impacts from various factors between Madagascar and other vanilla exporting countries by using the different-in-different (DID) technique. We take the sample of 2007 to 2011 by using Tobit model with random effects in addition to OLS with fixed effect in order to observe how far political instability hampers the vanilla exports in Madagascar. Through analysis, we find that the political instability has a negative effect on economic growth in terms of Madagascar vanilla exports.


Countermeasures against the coronavirus epidemic resulted in a blanket ban on the entry of foreign nationals into Japan, including Japan's legal foreign residents, resulting in great personal distress to the many people affected. This paper examines how individual people, academic institutions, the business community, as well as Japanese society, were affected by the countermeasures, the government's (lack of) explanations for the countermeasures, and the impact of these countermeasures on the government's own declared goals of 'Internationalization' and 'Coexistence with foreigners'. It also touches on the possible legal and long term consequences.


Background: Inhalation trauma is the leading cause of death in burn patients. Inhalation trauma is caused mainly by inhalant poisons such as smoke, gas and steam. Many patients die immediately at the scene due to inhalation trauma. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between comorbid factors and mortality rates in patients with inhalation trauma.Methods: The research design was analytical research method with cross sectional design. The study sample consisted of 26 people (51.0%) inhalation trauma and 25 people (49.0%) without inhalation trauma obtained by consecutive sampling.Results: There was a significant relationship between inhalation trauma and death outcomes (p<0.001). The proportion of deaths in inhalation trauma (65.4%) was significantly higher than in nonhaled trauma (16.0%). There was no significant relationship between DM and outcome (p>0.05). There was no significant relationship between hypertension and outcome of death (p>0.05). There is a significant relationship between onset and outcome (p<0.05). The proportion of deaths at <24 hours onset (35.6%) was significantly lower than at onset >24 hours (83.3%). The mean blood glucose level of dead patients was higher than that of alive, which was 124.4 compared to 114.9 but was not statistically significant (p>0.05). Both the mean systole and diastole pressures of the dead patients showed significantly lower results than that of alive, i.e., the mean systole was 101.2 compared to 114.1 (p<0.05) and the mean diastole was 62.2 versus 71.4 (p<0.05).Conclusions: According to the results of the study, it was found that there was a relationship between the onset of more than 24 hours, high GDS levels, and lower blood pressure to mortality.


This article is based on the actual situatin of I-brokerage in Heilongjiang, and it analyses some factors which affected and limited the development of I-brokerage. These factors are :unopened managing mind, problems existing in internet, network risks, limitations in investors, flaws in laws and regulations and the transaction principle limitation. These factors adversely affect the development of I-brokerage in Heilongjiang and become the urgent problems which government and securities must face with and manage to solve.


Summary JPEG Image steganalysis has attracted great attention recently. In this paper, JPEG quantization-distribution steganalytic method against JSteg using JPEG Quantization Steps is proposed. By deducing the distribution relation of DCT coefficients before and after quantization in AC channel individually, and investigating the effect of quantization steps on such relation, we present a new method to detect the changes of statistical features derived from JSteg. Experimental results show that our approach can not only estimate the amount of hidden messages exactly, but also achieve a high degree of adaptivity.


A social game is a generalization of a strategic-form game, in which not only the payoff of each player depends upon the strategies chosen by their opponents, but also their set of admissible strategies. Debreu (1952) proves the existence of a Nash equilibrium in social games with continuous strategy spaces. Recently, Polowczuk and Radzik (2004) have proposed a discrete counterpart of Debreu's theorem for two-person social games satisfying some ``convexity properties'. In this note, we define the class of supermodular social games and give an existence theorem for this class of games.


Tantrayāna , the adamantine vehicle is the second of the two Mahāyāna paths, it is also called Vajrayān or Mantrayāna . This is quickest vehicle of Buddhism as it allows certain practitioners to attain enlightenment within one lifetime. This School subscribes to the literature known as the  Buddhist Tantras . Tantrayāna Buddhism had originated in India until the sixth century, it emerges as a distinct movement of this country, the vast majority of Tantrayāna texts in Sanskrit language. This Esoteric Buddhism have been flourished largely in Tibet and another Central Asian Countries. In northern India, Nalanda University was the place where center for Tantrayāna theory was developed.


The influence of a vertex set S V (G) is I(S) = P v2S (1 + deg(v)) = P v2S |N[v]| , which is the total amount of domination done by the vertices in S . The ecient domination number F(G) of a graph G is equal to the maximum influence of a packing, that is, F(G) is the maximum number of vertices one can dominate under the restriction that no vertex gets dominated more than once. In this paper, we consider the ecient domination number of some finite and infinite knights chessboard graphs.


The state of Assam in India is the home to the people who speak Assamese, an Indo-Aryan language. Assamese is the native tongue of the people of Assam and the official language of the state of Assam. Based on linguistic standards and conventions, Assamese is a vital language for writing. However, when we attempt to see the language from the viewpoint of native speakers' attitudes towards the language, we find that the language is steadily deteriorating among the linguistic community. This deterioration is caused by Linguistic Imperialism. Linguistic Imperialism is a phenomenon in which a dominant language attempts to weaken other languages both socially and politically and in a theoretically founded way. The impact of the dominance is increasing day by day due to which a negative attitude has increased significantly among the native speakers of Assamese who considers English as superior to their mother tongue. Negative attitude is one of the reasons of language endangerment and we cannot deny the possibility of endangerment of the Assamese language in the far future if the dominance of English goes on increasing. History is evident that languages with a huge literature and population got extinct because of the reasons like negative attitude, dominance of other languages, decreasing rate of fluent native speakers, examples of such languages are Sanskrit, Hebrew, etc. This paper tries to analyse the negative attitude which is gradually increasing in the Assamese language and ways to strengthen it by reverting the dominance of Linguistic Imperialism by languages like English and Hindi.


Biometric systems are technically used for human recognition by identifying the unique features of an individual. Many security issues are found related to biometric systems such as voice, fingerprints, face, iris, signatures, etc., but the retina is a unique and efficient method to
 identify valid one. The aim of this paper is provided with an efficient method to recognize someone based on unique retina features. A proposed system based on retinal blood vessel pattern by using multi-scale local binary pattern (MSLBP) and random forest (Bagging tree) as feature extraction
 and classification. MSLBP is an efficient method to extracted features at six scales perpixel level, earlier work found the deficiency based on simple binary pattern with coverage of small areas and per-pixel level in the surrounding. MSLBP and random forest classifier suggested approach use
 for improving usability, perceivability, and sensitivity on large scale areas. It is the fastest method to get features accurately in an efficient way at every level of pixels. This method based on deep learning evaluation (criteria) parameter selection that provides more significant influence
 with sharp feature extraction on large scale areas based on seconds and improves the efficiency of images. MSLBP overcomes the problem of image sizing, pixel levels and efficiently provide accurate results.


We show how a programming language designer may embed the type structure of a programming language in the more robust type structure of the typed lambda calculus. This is done by translating programs of the language into terms of the typed lambda calculus. Our translation, however, does not always yield a well-typed lambda term. Programs whose translations are not well-typed are considered meaningless, that is, ill-typed. We give a conditionally type-correct semantics for a simple language with continuation semantics. We provide a set of static type-checking rules for our source language, and prove that they are sound and complete: that is, a program passes the typing rules if and only if its translation is well-typed. This proves the correctness of our static semantics relative to the well-established typing rules of the typed lambda-calculus.


An implicit meshless scheme is developed for calculation of the Navier-Stokes equations. Spatial derivatives are approximated using a least squares method on clouds of points as opposed to cells used with conventional finite volume techniques. The resulting linear system of equations is solved using an iterative Krylov subspace method. Details such as the linear solver and construction of the Jacobian are discussed, and results which demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the scheme are presented for various steady and unsteady test cases. A new method of selecting the stencils from anisotropic point distributions, which are obtained from overlapping structured grids is outlined. The original connectivity and the concept of a resolving direction are used to help construct good quality stencils with limited user input that not only provide well conditioned least squares matrices, but will also capture accurately flow features such as boundary layers.


This study investigates the feasibility of using silicon carbide-based layered surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices in acousto-optic applications. The acousto-optic properties of the temperature-stable layered structure TeO 3 /SiC/128 o Y-X LiNbO 3 are investigated through theoretical analysis. This analysis includes the evaluation of key parameters such as the overlap integral, fi gure of merit, and diffraction ef fi ciency. The SAW propagation characteristics and fi eld pro fi les required for these calculations are obtained using SAW software. Results show that the layered structure has high diffraction ef fi ciency of nearly 96% and a promising value for the acousto-optic fi gure of merit, indicating potential use in low driving power acousto-optic devices. The study concludes that the 3C e SiC-based layered structure possesses excellent acousto-optic properties and has potential for use in acousto-optic devices that can withstand harsh environmental conditions.


SUMMARY The evolution, adaptation, homeostasis, the genetic the physiology and ecology at molecular, sub cellular, cellular, organics, individuals and population levels, considering the central concepts from biology. Then, the biology of the agricultural production enounce the application of such concepts to get some benefit of vegetal and animal origin. The variance in the heritable characteristic linked to the efficacy, is the base in the evolutive process conceived by Darwin. The molecular genetic when showed the selective use of genes, propose that the characteristics besides to be heritable, have to be express, which depends in part from the environmental signals. In this way the vegetal or animal production tends to the homogeneity and minimize your exposition to adverse conditions, diminish the evolutive rate and the grade of expression of the characteristics that permit in front adverse conditions, this conduit to mayor vulnerability.


Hole-jetting type reactor and its use, methods of preparing isocyanates, especially by vapor reaction with aliphatic or aromatic di- or triamines and the phosgene in the reactor. By mixing the reactants in the reactor, for example, reduced potential vortex is formed, is eliminated negative pressure produced by a local jet area, backmixing is reduced, the formation of solid byproducts avoided the mixing of the reactants is improved. As a result, by using the above reactor, it is possible to obtain good mixing and, the reaction effect of the high-temperature gas-phase phosgenation.


Objective To discuss the changes of ECG and cardiac enzyme spectrum during hypokalemic periodicit paralysis. Methods The ECG and cardiac enzyme (creatine kinase, isoenzymes and lactic dehydrogenase) of 70 cases were analyzed. Results There were 64 cases of ECG changes. Among them there were 46 cases of typical hypokalemic ECG (65.7%), U wave 34 cases, low T wave 28 cases, decreased ST segment 18 cases, Prolonged P-R 15 cases and ventricular premature beat 3 cases. 37 cases were detected with cardiac enzymes. Among them, creatinase increased in 24 cases ( lactic dehydrogenase increased 11 cases and isoenzymes increased 10 cases. Conclusion The hypokalemic perioditic paralysis could showed the changes of ECG and cardiac enzyme spectrum.


Semiconductor devices are tested within a complex environment including a loadboard and a socket. In this paper, we propose a calibration methodology and a RF de‐embedding technique that allows the extraction of the device parameters. This method is based on the utilization of several calibration elements inspired by the TRL method. This study has been applied on an active device and the results have been validated using a real test solution.


Hospital electronic prescribing (or ePrescribing) systems have the potential to reduce drug-related morbidity and mortality. However, their implementation and adoption has been slow to date, despite the considerable service interest in implementing systems and the long-standing policy drive towards computerization. The underlying reasons may include the demise of the National Programme for Information Technology; a lack of change management expertise and capacity in the National Health Service (NHS); the relatively immature and fragmented market; limited standards guiding procurement, functional specifications and expected benefits; and lack of resources.


Many empirical studies have shown that health conditions in utero can have long lasting consequences for health across the life course. However, despite this evidence, there is no clear consensus about how fetal health has changed in the very long run. This paper analyses historical birth weights and perinatal mortality rates to construct a coherent picture of how health conditions in utero have changed in the western world over the past 150 years. In short, the evidence suggests that fetal health has been relatively stagnant. Birth weights had already reached their current levels in North America and Northern and Western Europe by the late nineteenth century, and they have changed very little in between. Perinatal mortality rates have fallen dramatically since the late 1930s, but this decline was mainly caused by improvements in intrapartum treatments after the introduction of Sulfa drugs and antibiotics. Thus, the health benefits associated with the perinatal mortality decline were concentrated among those at risk and did not influence the population at large. Finding stagnant fetal health during a period when many other indicators of health improved dramatically is provocative and suggests two conclusions: either fetal health did not improve or the indicators used to measure fetal health, indicators still widely used today, may not accurately capture all aspects of health in utero. If fetal health has been stagnant, then better conditions in utero cannot explain cohort improvements in life expectancy over the twentieth century. If the indicators of fetal health are problematic, then researchers must move beyond birth weight and perinatal mortality to understand how developmental plasticity based on the prenatal environment influences later life health. 1 The author wishes to thank attendees at the 2015 NBER Cohort Studies Meeting in Boston, at the demography seminar at Umeå University and at the 2014 Beyond Birth Weight Workshop at the University of Sussex for helpful comments on the paper. The usual disclaimer applies.


The aim of this contribution is to compare two hybrid analytical models for the study of a series hybrid excited synchronous structure performance. Hybrid excited synchronous machines, due to their advantageous characteristics and performance, are good candidates in a large variety of applications. The goal of this study is to address two problems related to the use of analytical models for design and analysis purposes. The first is to find methods helping to overcome numerical problems met when analytical models based on the formal resolution of Maxwell's equations are used for the analysis and design of series double excitation machines. The second goal is to find methods allowing speeding up of the pre-design and analysis of series double excitation machines.


In this paper, we present a rigorous treatment of so-called logical constants, which are used to relate the values of program variables between the precondition and the postcondition of a program. In order to do so, we generalize the latest proof rule for procedures and give a new definition for the specification statement. We show that the specification statement with this definition is the greatest lower bound of all its implementations under the usual refinement ordering and that it is A-distributive. We also demonstrate that a previous treatment of logical constants in specification statements does not have these properties.


The isothermal oxidation of the ZrB2–SiC–ZrC ceramic was carried out at a constant temperature of 1000 ± 2 ◦C, 1200 ± 5 ◦C and 1400 ± 5 ◦C, respectively, for different times in static air. The surface oxidation was favorable to increase the flexural strength of the ZrB2–SiC–ZrC ceramic because the flaws on the ccepted 13 March 2012 vailable online 23 March 2012 eywords: urfaces trength surface of the specimen were healed by the glass layer. The distribution of strength significantly decreased as the oxidation time increased in spite of the oxidation temperature. The analysis on the mechanism of the strength increase indicated that the strength increased as the reaction rate increased, and the increase in strength was related to change rate in volume induced by reaction, the initial crack geometry, elastic modulus and the surface free energy and so on.


Abstract : A study is presented on the performance of feature extractors and classifiers on the 10-dimensional artificial data base provided by B. G. Batchelor, D. J. Hand, and P. G. Brumfitt of the Department of Electronics, University of Southampton, Southampton. On feature extraction, specifically three techniques for the extraction of the best one dimensional subspace were examined on the above data: the single linear feature (SLF) extraction algorithm developed at Rice; the single feature (SFB) corresponding to the maximum Bhattacharyya distance between pattern classes; and the optimal Karhunen-Loeve (KLF) subspace. Classification performance on the test set was 73.2% for SLF 66.2% for SFB and 49.7% for KLF. Classification in subspace of dimension greater than one was also investigated. In the entire 10-dimensional space, a classification performance of 80.8% was attained using maximum likelihood classifier.


The aim of this paper is to explore the Islamic law of muamalat as the tools of consumer protection in dealings with exclusion clauses. The underlying philosophy under the Malaysian law is that consumers are free to enter into contracts and therefore must take care of their own interest. This principle, which is based on the assumption of equal bargaining power between parties, though, is not appropriate when consumers are involved. The law of contract, common law and the Consumer Protection Act 1999 are insufficient to tackle the issue of exclusion clauses. On the other hand, Islamic law has provided various principles that protect consumers. The discussion under Islamic law is made under three important issues which are the freedom of contract, contract of adhesion (aqd al-idham) and the sale of bara'a (absolution).


This paper studies optimal timing of inspections for units in cold stand-by. The problem is approached in continuous time. The policies developed adapt optimally to information provided by failures of the main unit and by ageing of both the standby and the main unit. Results include a general form for the optimal policy, consisting of a recursive relation between successive inspection times, and of a renewal-type integral equation to determine the value of the objective function for a given policy. Further results are derived for the case in which the failure densities describing the process are logconcave. Then the stopping rule is easily characterized. It is also shown that the interval between inspections decreases with time, and that the optimal schedule is unique. A binary search algorithm for finding the solution is outlined.


Existing machine learning methods are effective in portfolio optimization on a small pool of assets. This is still not optimal because a larger number of assets in markets offers more opportunities for investors. However, existing methods are usually not scalable to large amount of assets which brings new challenges of high dimensionality and computing complexity. In this paper, we present a neural network temporal factor analysis (NN-TFA) model for dimensionality reduction and it enables us to build a scalable deep reinforcement learning method for large-scale portfolio management. Traditional TFA models the relation between asset prices and real economic activities via a small set of independent hidden factors. NN-TFA is developed from the traditional TFA by replacing the linear autoregressive model over the hidden factors with a neural network function, which well captures the complicated temporal patterns. The hidden factors are then sent to a policy network to generate portfolio weights. A calibration module to extract information from other assets features and a ratio module to catch the trend of the selected assets pool are proposed to enhance the performance of the policy network. Extensive tests demonstrate that our methods are capable of handling large-scale datasets and achieving promising results.


Given Android's popularity, it is likely that Android devices will be targeted with increasing frequency by malware designers, in particular by programs which are designed to steal some of the sensitive personal or financial information. This threat puts an obligation on security professionals and software developers to work to ensure that the Android platform is as secure as possible. Users of mobile devices should also be aware that the trust they grant to mobile applications they download from app stores can be exploited. In this demo paper, we present a live wallpaper app to demonstrate how trust can be exploited to gain shell access even on unrooted Android devices.


The following document refers to the study initiated from the capital of Bogota, to the municipality and foundational square of Sibate, this area has focused on the analysis, especially in the muna reservoir and the skirt of the Sumapaz moor, this sector boxes a much of the inconvenience that has been bothering the population, which are of an environmental nature, the large sections of crops on the slopes of the moor in reserve and protection sectors of the large body of water, the Sumapaz Paramo, and the large volume of black water discharged from the Bogota river to the muna reservoir, the latter is a factor of great consideration not only for the municipality of Sibate, but for the entire province of Tequendama, since due to its high levels of pollution it has prevented optimal social development , economic and cultural of the region.


SUMMARY

Inoculation of pine stumps with oidia of Peniophora gigantea directly after felling gives good protection against Fomes annosus. With the largest inoculum of F. annosus spores likely to occur naturally, a dosage of 1 × 104oidia suffices for stumps having a wood-diameter of 16 cm. P. gigantea enters the lateral roots of inoculated stumps and tends to check advance of F. annosus in any tissues infected at the time of felling; it also replaces this fungus to some extent, Lignin is rapidly decomposed and sporophores are generally produced within a year. Suspensions may conveniently be applied by a compressed air sprayer. Owing to the selectivity of freshly cut stumps, contamination of the suspension is not a serious hazard.

If widely used, the method would necessitate large-scale production of suitable inoculum sources. For most of the experimental work undertaken the inoculum was derived from wood-block cultures of P. gigantea stored in polythene bags, but for routine use a more compact source would be preferable. A method is described for preparing tablets which, when dissolved in IOO ml. water, yield suspensions containing up to 1 × 106viable oidia per ml.: if kept at 10° C. they should each provide inoculum for more than a hundred stumps over a storage period of 10–20 weeks.

The relative merits of inoculation and chemical treatment for control of F. annosus in pine stumps are briefly discussed and other possible applications of stump inoculation are outlined.


This management paper looks at the challenges faced by city governments as they build their capability to leverage data to achieve the promise of a smarter city. While producing analytics and visualizations have captured much attention, this paper argues that addressing data quality and data management practices in the early stages of the data life cycle are very important to achieving data-driven smart cities. To demonstrate this point, this paper discusses a case from New York State (NYS), demonstrating the challenges cities face when data quality and data management are not addressed at the onset of data collection and initial storage. Finally, this paper sets forth recommendations for city leaders to assess their environment and unpack complexities so that they can build data capability to enable data-driven decision making.


Spirituality is currently widely studied in the field of Psychology; and Filipinos are known for having a deep sense of spirituality. In terms of measuring spirituality however, researchers argue that measures or scales about it should reflect greater sensitivity to cultural characteristics and issues (Hill & Pargament, 2003). The study aimed to develop a measure of Filipino spirituality. Specifically, it intended to identify salient dimensions of spirituality among Filipinos. The study had two phases in the development of the scale, namely: focus group discussion (FGD) on the Filipino conceptions of spirituality as a basis for generating items; and test development, which included item construction based on the FGD and the literature, pilot testing, establishing reliability and validity of the scale. Qualitative results showed that spirituality has 3 main themes: connectedness with the sacred, sense of meaning and purpose, and expressions of spirituality. In the test development, the Filipino spirituality scale yielded two factors. The first factor—having a relationship or connectedness with a supreme being with a 53.13 % total variance; while the other factor of good relationship with others had a 7.196%. The reliability of the whole measure yielded cronbach alpha of 0.978, while the factors also obtained good reliability of indicators of 0.986 and 0.778 respectively. The results of the study are discussed in the broader conceptualization of spirituality in the Philippines as well as in mainstream Psychology.


The effects of dose on pattern shape were evaluated for electron beam nano-lithography of a negative photoresist, ma-N 2403, under an electron beam condition of 20 keV with a probe current of 9 pA. With sufficient design width, i.e. 250 nm, there was negligible loss of pattern height, which was attributed to the combined dose of the incident electron beam and the back scattered electrons. The dose for narrow design width should be adjusted to obtain patterns of high aspect ratio with no loss of height and reduced pattern width difference from the design width.


Previous theoretical studies have found that repeating outbursts can occur in certain regions of an accretion disk due to sudden transitions in time from gravitationally produced turbulence to magnetically produced turbulence. We analyze the disk evolution in a state diagram that plots the mass accretion rate versus disk surface density. We determine steady state accretion branches that involve gravitational and magnetic sources of turbulence. Using time-dependent numerical disk simulations, we show that cases having outbursts track along a nonsteady "dead zone" branch and some steady state accretion branches. The outburst is the result of a rapid inter-branch transition. The gravo-magneto outbursts are then explained on this diagram as a limit cycle that is analogous to the well-known S-curve that has been applied to dwarf nova outbursts. The diagram and limit cycle provide a conceptual framework for understanding the nature of the outbursts that may occur in accretion disks of all scales, from circumplanetary to protoplanetary to active galactic nucleus accretion disks.


Using a question-and-answer format, a group of Native American teachers and scholars collaborated to share tools and resources for integrating Native voices into English language arts curricula.


The C apolipoproteins are normally transferred to high density llpoprotelns (HDL) after lipolysis of very low density llpoproteln (VLDL) trlglycerlde. In previous studies, a loss of plasma C apolipoproteins was documented after heparin-induced lipolysis In hypertriglyceridemic subjects. The present studies were designed to determine If this decline In plasma C apolipoproteins was due to their clearance with VLDL remnants. Five Type IV hypertriglyceridemic and two normal subjects were Injected with125I-VLDL and1s1Mow density llpoprotelns (LDL) to document klnetically an excess of VLDL apollpoproteln (apo) B flux relative to LDL apo B flux In the Type IV subjects. A mean of 46% VLDL apo B was cleared from the circulation, without conversion to Intermediate density llpoprotein (IDL) or LDL. Heparln was then Infused (9000IU over 4 hours) to generate an excess of VLDL remnants that were not converted to IDL or LDL. VLDL trlglyceride, apo B, and apo C concentrations fell at a similar rate. VLDL apo B declined by 42% (p<0.01). However, no Increases were observed In IDL or LDL apo B In the Type IV subjects. This resulted in a 14% (p<0.01) decline In plasma apo B concentrations, Indicating a clearance of VLDL remnants. VLDL apo C-ll and C-lll concentrations fell by 42% (p<0.025) and 52% (p<0.01), respectively. During the first 2.5 hours of Infusion, they were almost quantitatively recovered In HDL Thereafter, the C apolipoproteins declined In HDL during which time VLDL apo C concentrations continued to decline. This resulted In a delayed fall (C-ll, 21%, p<0.025; C-lll, 26%, p<0.01) In plasma apo C concentrations. Thus, during enhanced lipolysis In Type IV subjects, C apolipoproteins were not cleared with VLDL remnants, but were initially transferred to HDL It Is possible that C apolipoproteins, along with VLDL surface llplds, form an HDL-like particle that Is destined for clearance rather than for recycling to newly formed VLDL.


Discussed the detailed detection method of abandoned workings on strong interference area using ground penetrating radar( GPR) technology. On the principle of GPR,analyzed the feasibility of hazard abandoned workings detection,displayed corresponding characteristics of radar reflection wave in abandoned workings,and analyzed the types of interference and proposed the working method,data processing and interpretation for suppressing strong elec-tromagnetic interference. Combined with the analysis of concrete detecting example,proved the feasibility of suppressing method for strong electromagnetic interference,and the detecting result was verified by drilling with desirable geological effect. The research shows that,in the area of strong electromagnetic interference,the detailed detection of hazard abandoned workings by GPR can be realized by using feasible technical method to suppressing interference.


Due to the increasing concern with environmental protection and preservation, inadequate waste disposal areas have been receiving special attention from environmental protection agencies. Currently, the geoelectrical methods have been largely used as a non-invasive investigation methodology in affected areas by inadequate disposal of solid urban and industrial residues. The objective of this study is the evaluation of the field acquisition parameters and 2D investigations with resistivity and induced polarization (IP) methods for environmental characterization and monitoring. The study area is an old landfill site in Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo State, Brazil. The evaluation of the field acquisition parameters showed that the pole-dipole array (electrode spacing = 5 meters and investigation depth levels = 10) yields the best result (resolution image and investigation depth). The comparison between the results, resistivity and IP with dipole-dipole and pole-dipole shows the contamination in the two trenches, marked by low resistivity values (< 30 ohm.m) and medium to high IP values (15 – 50 mV/V).


Molar enthalpies of solution and apparent molar volumes of water in the sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate (AOT)/n-heptane system as a function of the molar ratio R = (water)/(AOT) were determined at 25 /sup 0/C. The dependence of these experimental data on R has been rationalized in terms of a semiempirical model based on water partitioning between two states. The positive enthalpies of solution of water indicate that the insertion of water in reversed AOT micelles (unfavorable from an enthalpic point of view) is mainly driven by a favorable change on entropy. An increase of the maximum number of water molecules solvating AOT with increasing concentration of surfactant has also been observed and discussed.


We offer the following response to Dr Laforet. First, the literature pertaining to Boerhaave's syndrome is often confusing with respect to the term "surgical." Many authors define this as operative repair of the esophagus, while others define it as chest-tube drainage even without surgery. As indicated in our first paragraph, we think that chesttube drainage is, in the broadest sense, "surgical," although our title was worded specifically to emphasize the nonoperative aspect of management in this case. Second, we agree that pleural fluid pH measurement may be useful. However, it certainly would not have obviated the other pleural fluid studies. Third, as stated, an important source of confusion in the diagnosis in this case was the variability of the location of the patient's pain, possibly attributable to the patient's behavioral disorder. The absence of shock and mediastinal air and the presence of intermittent complaints of right lower quadrant


Bangladesh's female secondary stipend program was one of the rst conditional cash transfer programs in the world. While the impacts of such programs on school enrollment, attendance, and learning have been the subject of numerous studies, less attention has been paid to their long-term labor market eects. This paper studies the eects of Bangladesh's program on both educational outcomes and economic empowerment of women, using both a dierence-in-dier ence-in-dierence estimation method as well as a regression discontinuity approach. We nd that the program increased education level completed by at least half a class, labor force participation by 4% and the likelihood of women working in the formal sector by 3%. Female wages also increased, reecting increased productivity.


This paper introduces a method of reducing the non-linear effect known as four waves mixing in fiber optic communication system. The four wave mixing effect has been studied in OPTISYSTEM 14.2 environment. We have proposed a method for reducing the FWM effect using dual port dual drive Mach-Zehnder modulator and circular polarization. The system is designed, simulated and analyzed for a single mode optical fiber of length 100 km, and bit rate of 10 Gbps with two channels having channel spacing of 0.5 nm. The performance of the system has been improved as compared with the existing system (which uses Mach-Zehnder modulator) in terms of reducing the FWM effect in fiber optic communication system.


Advances in silicon micro-chip technology has enabled media processing systems on a chip. These systems typically combine concurrent hardware and software to accelerate multimedia functions. We adopt an architecture-template based design to manage the complexity of such system on a chip wherein early design decision impact the performance of the system. In this paper, we present an architecture framework called SYMPHONY consisting of a linear array of processors. SYMPHONY attempts to exploit parallelism in media applications at micro (ILP) and macro (threads) levels. High speed communication and synchronization necessary for efficient multithreading is achieved using novel hardware/software mechanisms. We provide simulation results to show that multithreading along with SIMD arithmetic can enhance performance of superscalar processors of comparable issue width by over 50% for the benchmarks we have studied.


The causes of the methane danger during the coal extraction with the help of cutter loaders in mines are opened. The conditions of dependence of the coal extraction intensity from the cutter loaders technical capabilities and the limiting gas factor are researched. There is also the quantitative estimation of increase of the cutter loaders coal extraction intensity in the gas dangerous faces.


Objective To compare the effect of the treatment of cervical lesions with cervical annular electricity cut method(LEEP) and traditional laser treatment cervical lesions.Methods All 3626 cases of TCT check and pap smear method in 4062 cases,final pathologic diagnosis of identified 206 cases and 138 cases of laser LEEP indications indications,they were received LEEP and laser ablation of art,respectively.Compared results after two months.Results The LEEP and laser cure rate were 92.72% and 73.91%,the difference was statistically significant(P0.01).The total effective rate was 97.57% and 90.58%,the difference was statistically significant(P0.01).Conclusion Treatment of chronic cervical lesions LEEP significant clinical effect,but the performer must master vaginal microscopically handling technology,can be more satisfactory results.


e20671 Background: Cancer patients who smoke risk compromised well-being and poor treatment outcomes. This pilot randomized clinical trial assessed the preliminary efficacy of a combined cessation intervention [brief in-person counseling session, quitline telephone counseling, & 6 weeks of nicotine replacement patches (NRT)] in non-hospitalized cancer patients. Methods: Cancer patients who had smoked within the last 7 days and were planning, receiving, or received surgery, chemotherapy, or radiation treatment within the past 6 months were recruited through the NCI Community Clinical Oncology Program (CCOP) network and randomized 2:1 to an enhanced quitline-based intervention (n = 98) or usual care (n = 48; educational materials/brief physician advice and could include NRT and/or pharmacotherapy). We assessed self-reported smoking status at 12 and 24 weeks, with urinary cotinine confirmation at 12 & 24 weeks for those not using NRT. Non-completers were considered to be smokers. Participants were asked abou...


The trial was conducted during seedling and flowering stage under screenhouse with plastic pellicle in Xishuangbanna for one year.The results show that the control effect of the anthurium bacterial leaf blight were lower, 10.6%-61.1%.The chemical controlling canniat efficiently inhibit the increase of the death rate of the infected plants. An asepsis cultivation strategies and technology was presented by the authors.


The mature cystic teratoma of the ovary (ovarian dermoid cyst) is the most common ovarian neoplasm in young women and comprises approximately 10~25% of all ovarian tumors. There are many complications such as torsion, rupture, infection, suppuration, and rarely malignancy change. Teratoma derives from the three embryonic cell lines and may contain skin, sebaceous tissue, hair, cartilage and bone, neuroglial tissue, gastrointestinal and respiratory tissue, teeth, and muscle. Even though the presence of dental tissue within dermoid cysts has been reported in the literature, the cysts containing jaw bone and teeth are extremely rare. We report a case of ruptured ovarian dermoid cyst containing jaw bones and eight well-formed teeth with a brief review of literature.


XPS and UPS techniques have been used to characterize electrochemically grown conductive films using two different solvent systems of poly (3‐methyl thiophene) in the PF6 doped and undoped states. Core‐level and valence‐level spectra have yielded information on the nature of the polymeric cation and its associated PF6 anion as well as structural disorder effects in these polymers. Results have revealed that addition of the PF6 anion causes structural disorder within the polymer and that the PF6 anion interacts with the highest occupied nonbonding lone pair orbital. Solvent system effects are also evident.


C-reactive protein (CRP) or part thereof or monomer, CRP is a pentameric or multimeric, preferably comprises at least a structural entity that bind human CRP, and a) on the cell surface, or solution, preferably in blood or other body fluids, or tissue from, most preferably in vivo, to block one or more CRP functions, b) and / or solution, preferably from blood or other body fluids, or tissues, most preferably in vivo, compounds take the CRP.


Isoreticular and polymorphic 3-D MOFs were prepared via the combination of direct solvothermal reactions, postsynthetic ligand exchanges of the MOFs prepared via the direct solvothermal reactions, and postsynthetic ligand insertions into a 2-D MOF. The appropriate pore dimensions, surface areas, and adsorption enthalpies of the MOFs combined well to produce the largest working CO2 capture capacities via the pressure swing adsorption process.


of Animal Research International (2005) Volume 2 Number 3 Animal Research International (2005) 2(3): 358 – 362 EFFECT OF Meloidogyne incognita (ROOTKNOT NEMATODE) ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF Abelmoschus esculentus (OKRA) AGWU, Julia Ekenma and EZIGBO, Joseph Chidera Department of Zoology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria Corresponding Author: Agwu, J. E. Department of Zoology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria. Email: email@example.com ABSTRACT Seedlings of Okra Abelmoschus esculentus were inoculated with different numbers of egg masses (0, 4, 8 and 12) of Meloidogyne incognita. The different inoculums elicited varied reactions on the Okra plants. Root galls increased progressively and significantly with increased levels of inoculum. At 0 (zero) inoculum level no root gall was observed. At low inoculum levels, 4 and 8 egg masses, the plants performed seemingly better than the control (in terms of plant dry weight, flower and fruit production). At high inoculum levels very low mean yields of the above parameters were recoded when compared to the control. The implications of enhanced performance observed at low inoculum levels on experimental crops are discoursed.


Background As prescribers of methylphenidate for children with ADHD, we have been interested in following the debate about its use to improve academic performance in healthy students, including medical students. Many are buying psychostimulants online - students should be made aware of potential hazards. Method We performed a literature review and consulted colleagues in the legal profession, police and pharmacy to clarify implications. Results Buying methylphenidate (controlled drug), without a prescription, is illegal in the UK even if purchased abroad and imported. Drugs purchased online may not be what they claim to be. Will not receive recommended medical monitoring or follow-up. General Medical Council has clear guidance on self- prescribing - 'Wherever possible you must avoid prescribing for yourself or anyone with whom you have a close personal relationship. Controlled medicines present particular dangers, occasionally associated with drug misuse, addiction and misconduct. You must not prescribe a controlled medicine for yourself or someone close to you unless: no other person with the legal right to prescribe is available to assess and prescribe without a delay which would put your, or the patient's, life or health at risk or cause unacceptable pain or distress, and the treatment is immediately necessary to save a life; avoid serious deterioration in health, or alleviate otherwise uncontrollable pain or distress'. Conclusion Students may not be aware of GMC guidance or may not equate it buying medication online. Students need to be made aware of the risks so they do not inadvertently compromise their health or future careers.


Although the feedback error learning (FEL) controller had been broadly applied to the robot manipulation problems, the complete proof of the asymptotic stability of the controlled system has not been given clearly. In the previous work, it was made clear that the asymptotically stable trajectory tracking can be achieved by introducing the saturated proportional feedback or third–order position error feedback into the feedback control loop in the FEL controller. However, in the practical robot manipulation, the simple linear PD feedback controller has been extensively used rather than such the nonlinear ones. Thus, this paper proposed a new FEL controller which consists of the linear PD feedback and the adaptive parameter estimation law composed of the off–line regressor matrix and saturated error signals. The asymptotic stability of the controlled system was proven along the LaSalle's invariance theorem for the non-autonomous system.


XML is nowadays the dominant standard used for data representation and exchanging. XML documents can be transformed into different formats by using the transformation language XSLT. XSLT stylesheets can be designed to present and transform XML input data in one schema in XML output data according to other schema. In this paper we describe how to compute automatically an output XML data schema given an XSLT stylesheet that is intended to produce it. The main objective of this work is to develop a tool that contributes to a better understanding of the XML transformation process. The first results, focused on bibliographic data, suggest that we can determine the output schemas of most common XSLT stylesheets.


Journal of Lipid Research Volume 57, 2016 1043 Copyright © 2016 by the American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc. (1–4). PGHS-1 and PGHS-2 are considered to be the constitutive and inducible PGHS isoforms, respectively. PGHSs are often called cyclooxygenases (COXs). Both enzymes exhibit a bis-oxygenase or COX activity involved in the formation of the PG endoperoxide G2 and a peroxidase activity that reduces PG endoperoxide G2 to PGH2. COX activities of PGHSs are inhibited by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) that include COX-2-specific inhibitors, sometimes referred to as coxibs (5). PGHSs are sequence homodimers composed of 72 kDa subunits. Despite the structural symmetry observed in crystal structures, both PGHS isoforms behave in solution as conformational heterodimers. One monomer (Eallo) acts as a regulatory allosteric monomer, and the other monomer (Ecat) binds heme and functions as the catalytic monomer (6–8). The COX activity of Ecat of human (hu)PGHS-2 is allosterically modulated by many common FAs, including saturated and monounsaturated FAs that are not COX substrates [e.g., palmitic acid (PA)] (9, 10), and by some nonspecific NSAIDs, such as flurbiprofen and naproxen (7), that bind preferentially to Eallo of huPGHS-2. Marnett and coworker (3) were the first to demonstrate that the endocannabinoid, 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), is an alternative substrate that is converted to 2-PGH2glycerol by PGHS-2. This latter intermediate can, in turn, be converted to several different 2-prostanoyl-glycerol derivatives. A recent report has indicated that 2-AG binds Abstract Prostaglandin (PG) endoperoxide H synthase (PGHS)-2, also known as cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, can convert arachidonic acid (AA) to PGH2 in the committed step of PG synthesis. PGHS-2 functions as a conformational heterodimer composed of an allosteric (Eallo) and a catalytic (Ecat) monomer. Here we investigated the interplay between human (hu)PGHS-2 and an alternative COX substrate, the endocannabinoid, 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), as well as a stable analog, 2-O-arachidonylglycerol ether (2-AG ether). We also compared the inhibition of huPGHS-2-mediated oxygenation of AA, 2-AG, and 2-AG ether by the well-known COX inhibitor, ibuprofen. When tested with huPGHS-2, 2-AG and 2-AG ether exhibit very similar kinetic parameters, responses to stimulation by FAs that are not COX substrates, and modes of inhibition by ibuprofen. The 2-AG ether binds Ecat more tightly than Eallo and, thus, can be used as a stable Ecat-specific substrate to examine certain Eallodependent responses. Ibuprofen binding to Eallo of huPGHS-2 completely blocks 2-AG or 2-AG ether oxygenation; however, inhibition by ibuprofen of huPGHS-2mediated oxygenation of AA engages a combination of both allosteric and competitive mechanisms.—Dong, L., H. Zou, C. Yuan, Y. H. Hong, C. L. Uhlson, R. C. Murphy, and W. L. Smith. Interactions of 2-O-arachidonylglycerol ether and ibuprofen with the allosteric and catalytic subunits of human COX-2. J. Lipid Res. 2016. 57: 1043–1050.


A new concept of solidification method by compression shearing is developed. By this method the grain size of the fabricated material is fined to nanometer scale, and the strength of the specimen is improved. Appling compression shearing process to powder Aluminum under room temperature and in the atmosphere, we can obtain a thin plate specimen consist of ultra fine crystal grains with preferred orientation. By following conventional ways, it was not possible to obtain such specimen under room temperature. In this paper, we described the structural and mechanical properties of fabricated specimen with 100-200nm crystal grain size, which is obtained by Compression Shearing Method.


This paper briefly describes the structure of a nest of the mole rat, Cryptomys hotfentotus. In the Pretoriuskop area this species uses the gifbol fBop/ione disticha), grass roots and the sekelbos (Dichrosfachys nyassana) as the main material for nest construction. The presence of invertebrates in the nest (such as mites and beetles) is mentioned.


The aim of this article is to clarify the role of textbooks in social studies to promote relationship to society through comparing the methods of textbooks analysis between Hess and Ravitch. Diana Hess emphasizes critical relationship to society through learning of social issues with deliberations. Diane Ravitch emphasizes relationship to society through learning to get knowledge and the sense of values that should be shared as a member of communities. Results of comparing their methods are below: 1 Hess places textbooks asmediumleading to various learning activity. Textbook has a role to open knowledge and the sense of values of children; 2 Ravitch places textbooks as educationcontentsthat are learned directly by children. Textbook has a role to close knowledge and the sense of values of children. These results suggest that diff erences of theories of social studies to promote relationship to society become clear.


In this paper, I present novel microeconomic evidence on the effects of firm heterogeneity on the creation and impact of technology transfers from foreign direct investment (FDI) to local suppliers in a developing country setting. The main findings are threefold. First, FDI firms are significantly more involved in knowledge transfer activities than domestic producer firms. In particular, FDI firms offer more technological support, support with a direct positive impact on production processes of local suppliers. Second, the type of ownership also influences the effect of the technology gap on technology transfers. A large technology gap between a producer firm and its suppliers lowers the provision of support; however, FDI firms offer more technological support to their suppliers of material inputs when the technology gap is large. Independent of the support that the suppliers receive, foreign ownership of client firms and a large technology gap make it more likely that suppliers experience large positive impacts. Third, the level of absorptive capacity of local suppliers is also important for the impact of the technology transfers, confirming the notion that heterogeneity among both producer firms and local suppliers affect the level, nature and impact of local technology transfers.


Background: Adolescence is the critical transition period of l ife span characterized by onset of puberty. Physica l and psychological changes during puberty contribute the adolescents to suffer from anxiety, depression , substance use disorders etc. Objective: This study aimed to assess awareness and attitude towards pubertal changes among adolescents. Research method: A descriptive cross-sectional study design was app lied. Purposive sampling technique was used to select 205 adolescents. Data was collected using semi-structured interview schedule questionnaire. Analysis was done using descriptive and inferential statistics w ith SPSS version 20. Test of significance was set a t .05 level. Results: Findings showed that 16% adolescents had very good level of awareness, 47% had good level of awareness, 28% had average level of awareness and 9 % had below average level of awareness regarding pu bertal changes. However only 11% of the adolescents showed mo erately favorable attitude, while 89% showed unfavorable attitude towards pubertal changes. Ther e was significant difference in the level of awaren ess according to age and education (p<.05). Similarly, significan t difference was found in the attitude according to ender, type of family, education, father's education, and having i mmediate elder siblings (p<.05). The awareness and attitudes were significantly negatively correlated ( r = -.19). Conclusion: In conclusion, three-fourth of the adolescents had average to good level of awareness but majority of respondents had unfavorable attitude towards pubert al changes. Thus there is a need for attitude promo ting awareness program regarding pubertal changes among adolescents to help them prevent from stress, anxie ty, frustration and depression associated with pubertal ch nges.


Summary form only given. Modeling conduction heat transfer in electronic systems has gained some maturity over the past 3 decades. Although new modeling challenges were associated with 3D stacked dies or packages, some modeling approaches were proposed to handle this rather complicated multiple heat source problem. An even newer problem has started to emerge related to this growing tendency towards exploiting the vertical direction. In fact cooling becomes more and more 3D also, in the sense intermediate micro-channels are proposed going between dies and or packages. This brings convection into play aside with convection in an intimate coupling, commonly called conjugate heat transfer. It is no longer possible to treat convection as an "external" phenomenon, to be modeled by a simple external resistance. In this lecture, fundamental aspects about conjugate heat transfer are revised to obtain a realistic model that avoids large errors that could have been encountered had we treated conduction and convection separately. Fundamental concepts are revised, going up to the notion of heat transfer coefficient in order to elaborate a better model of forced convection in its most general form. The new modeling strategy will build upon progress already realized in Compact Thermal Models (CTM) for conduction in complicated electronic systems. Advanced conduction CTM will be generalized to include convection as well. This will allow a better modeling of convection, but more important a homogeneous and coherent modeling of conjugate heat transfer. Cooling of electronic systems is continuously raising new challenges not only for innovative solutions, but also for modeling of new atypical cases. The higher frequency we ask for, the greater number of functionalities we require as well, both tend to increase heat flux densities to unprecedented


This work presents the magnetic field-temperature (H–T) phase diagram, exchange constants, specific heat (C P) exponents and magnetic ground state of the antiferromagnetic MnNb2O6 polycrystals. Temperature dependence of the magnetic susceptibility χ (=M/H) yields the Néel temperature T N = 4.33 K determined from the peak in the computed ∂(χT)/∂T vs T plot in agreement with the transition in the C P vs T data at T N = 4.36 K. The experimental data of C P vs T near T N is fitted to C P = A|T − T N|−α yielding the critical exponent α = 0.12 (0.15) for T > T N (T < T N). The best fit of χ vs T data for T > 50 K to χ = χ 0 + C/(T − θ) with χ 0 = −1.85 × 10−4 emu mol−1 Oe−1 yields θ = −17 K, and C = 4.385 emu K mol−1 Oe−1, the latter giving magnetic moment μ = 5.920μ B per Mn2+ ion. This confirms the effective spin S = 5/2 and g = 2.001 for Mn2+ and the dominant exchange interaction being antiferromagnetic in nature. Using the magnitudes of θ and T N and molecular field theory (MFT), the exchange constants J 0/k B = −1.08 K for Mn2+ ions along the chain c-axis and J ⊥/k B = −0.61 K as the interchain coupling perpendicular to c-axis are determined. These exchange constants are consistent with the expected χ vs T variation for the Heisenberg linear chain. The H–T phase diagram, mapped using the M–H isotherms and M–T data at different H combined with the reported data of Nielsen et al, yields a triple-point T TP (H, T) = (18 kOe, 4.06 K). The spin–flopped state above T TP and the forced ferromagnetism for H > 192 kOe are used to estimate the anisotropy energy H A ≈ 0.8 kOe.


Active Library on Corrosion 2.0. By W. F. Bogaerts. New York: Elsevier, 1998. Price: $2,845 (stand alone); $4,310.50 (single site networked). (ISBN: stand alone: 0-444-82942-3; single site networked: 0-444-50024-3). Requirements: IBM PC or compatible (486 or higher); Windows 3.1, 95, or NT4; 8 MB RAM or higher; MS mouse or pointing device; 15 MB hard disk free space; CD-ROM drive; accelerated video card; color monitor. The Active Library on Corrosion 2.0 (ALC20) is a CD-ROM product designed for the corrosion engineer or researcher. Its sole disc contains a wealth of information and data from well-known books, NACE standards, and other publications in the corrosion area. All aspects of corrosion are covered, including corrosive agents, their action upon metal and nonmetal materials, the environments and systems in which corrosion occurs, and corrosion prevention. The strength of ALC20 lies in its comprehensiveness and search capabilities, with links from one portion of the product to another. It brings together many existing, separate sources of information and makes them available in one place. The sources are not necessarily recent, but represent the core of corrosion literature. Eleven books are reproduced in full, including such titles as Corrosion by Schreir (Butterworth, 1994), Corrosion Atlas by During (Elsevier, 1988), Fundamentals of Designing for Corrosion Control by Landrum (NACE, 1989), and Corrosion Prevention by Protective Coatings by Munger (NACE, 1984). Students of corrosion might wonder why books by Fontana or Jones are not represented, but no selection criteria could be found. The user can view the books through a double window featuring the content outline in the left sidebar and headers in the main window that can be expanded with a mouse click to view paragraphs, figures, and other information. In addition to the books, the CD includes a fine glossary, defining every term imaginable. The alphabetical list is easily scanned; clicking on a term bring up its definition. There also is a section devoted to corrosion control, with materials selection tools built into it, but the source for the information is not identified. This section features a table of system-inhibitor combinations, but it doesn't seem to print properly. Only three journals are represented on the CD, and very limited portions at that. The two NACE titles are Corrosion for 1994 and Materials Performance for 1994. The full-text of each article is included. The Elsevier title Corrosion Science for 1994-96, however, only offers abstracts. This is perhaps the most disappointing section of the product; covering so few journal titles with only partial runs is both unhelpful and misleading from a research standpoint. No mention is made in the product booklet or publicity about intentions to build this portion of the library. …


BACKGROUND
Primary nursing working model in the neonatal intensive care unit enables a long-lasting caring relationship with the infants and their parents. Terminating this kind of relationship is seldom discussed.

AIM
The aim of the study was to describe nurses' experiences of terminating the primary nursing relationship with the parents in neonatal intensive care.

METHODS
Qualitative design using narrative method was used because there is a little knowledge relating to the topic. The data were collected with active interviews and analysed with narrative analysis. Seven nurses with experience of neonatal intensive care and primary nursing were recruited by convenience sampling. The approval was granted according to the hospital guidelines.

RESULTS
The results gave rise to the three narratives that described the relationship between the primary nurse and the parents as the nursing relationship ends. All narratives shared a common plot, 'regulation of the closeness on nursing relationship', but it was manifested in different ways in each narrative. The plot in the narratives changed on a closeness-distance axis according to how the primary nurse regulated the nursing relationship and its termination. In the first narrative, the regulation of the relationship promoted distance, in the second connection and in the third closeness and connection.

CONCLUSIONS
The long-lasting nature of the primary nursing working model may allow different caring relationships which will be revealed in terminating phase of care. This phenomenon is poorly recognised. It is important to study the caring relationship between the primary nurse and the parents of a hospitalised child, because the caring relationship is the core of nursing and needs to be considered in research and supported in practice.


Site preference and habitat use by bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) at Turneffe Atoll, Belize were investigated using survey routes and counts of animals seen. Ten sites were the focus of this study, covering a range of locations throughout the southern two-thirds of Turneffe Atoll and encompassing four key habitat types. Data were collected from Fall 1995 through Spring 1996; counts and a variety of environmental and behavioral observations were made from small boats. It was found that dolphin group size is dependent on location, and further, that dolphin group size is dependent on habitat type. The data indicate that some areas of the atoll are favored by groups of a certain size; this relationship, combined with the relationship between habitat type and group size suggests that certain areas of the atoll are used by the dolphins preferentially for specific activities. This finding is comparable to that of other studies on coastal T. truncatus that have noted a relationship between environmental variables, group size, and behavior. Average group size and sighting rates by season are also given.


Noninteracting bosons were proposed to be used for a demonstration of quantum-computing supremacy in a boson-sampling setup. A similar demonstration with fermions would require that the fermions are initially prepared in an entangled state. I suggest that pairwise entanglement of fermions would be sufficient for this purpose. Namely, it is shown that computing multi-particle scattering amplitudes for fermions entangled pairwise in groups of four single-particle states is #P hard. In linear algebra, such amplitudes are expressed as exterior products of two-forms of rank two. In particular, a permanent of a NxN matrix may be expressed as an exterior product of N^2 two-forms of rank two in dimension 2N^2, which establishes the #P-hardness of the latter.


A buffer circuit has a high-impedance function mode. The buffer circuit is for outputting a buffer output level. The buffer circuit comprises a buffer output control section for controlling the buffer output level to an opposite level in a moment before the buffer circuit becomes the high-impedance function mode. The opposite level is a level opposite to a present buffer output level.


Indocyanine green (ICG) is a fluorescent agent approved for clinical applications by the Food and Drug Administration and European Medicines Agency. This study examined the mechanism of tumor imaging using intravenously administered ICG. The in vivo kinetics of intravenously administered ICG were determined in tumor xenografts using microscopic approaches that enabled both spatio‐temporal and high‐magnification analyses. The mechanism of ICG‐based tumor imaging was examined at the cellular level in six phenotypically different human colon cancer cell lines exhibiting different grades of epithelioid organization. ICG fluorescence imaging detected xenograft tumors, even those < 1 mm in size, based on their preferential cellular uptake and retention of the dye following its rapid tissue‐non‐specific delivery, in contrast to its rapid clearance by normal tissue. Live‐cell imaging revealed that cellular ICG uptake is temperature‐dependent and occurs after ICG binding to the cellular membrane, a pattern suggesting endocytic uptake as the mechanism. Cellular ICG uptake correlated inversely with the formation of tight junctions. Intracellular ICG was entrapped in the membrane traffic system, resulting in its slow turnover and prolonged retention by tumor cells. Our results suggest that tumor‐specific imaging by ICG involves non‐specific delivery of the dye to tissues followed by preferential tumor cellular uptake and retention. The tumor cell‐preference of ICG is driven by passive tumor cell‐targeting, the inherent ability of ICG to bind to cell membranes, and the high endocytic activity of tumor cells in association with the disruption of their tight junctions.


Finite element analysis is performed to evaluate structural reliability of an automotive pedal arm under conditions of the stiffness, the load and the endurance test specifications. Results of the analysis shows that the pedal arm is safe enough under the tests. A topology optimization is numerically implemented, overall shape of the pedal arm being verified to be reasonable, A design concept to insert holes in the arm is established, which may be used to reduce its weight.


Abstract Natural hydrous silicas may be subdivided into three well‐defined structural groups—opal‐C (well‐ordered α‐cristobalite), opal‐CT (disordered a‐cristobalite, a‐tridymite) and opal‐A (highly disordered, near amorphous). Lussatite from the original locality is identical with opal‐CT and thus appears to be a legitimate term for this class of opal. Although the prime criterion used is the nature of the X‐ray diffraction pattern, supplementary information from infra‐red absorption, dilatometer and thermal techniques supports the three‐fold classification.


Different forms of waste from food production chain have been integrated into self-produced (DIY) matrices, based on starch or flour systems, to form biocomposites suitable for the prototyping of small design objects. The idea is to investigate the production of items with expressive and functional value, so that the waste materials, no longer suitable for nutrition purposes, can be "upcycled" into something that can have a "bond" with the user, therefore being durable. In particular, some examples are reported, which are related to waste with different "structural" nature, such as carrot peel, nutshells and orange skins. In the absence of significant literature on this particular use of these waste materials in DIY matrices, this is to be intended as a preliminary study. The possible application of the materials, which will need in the future full mechanical and thermal characterization, is in the meantime discussed and some design objects are proposed. Moreover, Original Research Article Santulli et al.; CJAST, 24(5): 1-11, 2017; Article no.CJAST.37280 2 ways to prevent the formation of mould and therefore extending the use life on the material are also suggested, in the understanding that the use of waste would require coming to an application in a material intended not for "single use" purpose.


: Aging is part of the life of all humanity and is nothing more than a process that occurs naturally and many of this population are affected by various diseases. Health education is an activity to be developed by health professionals, among which is the nurse, with the objective of improving the quality of life as people get older. This study aims to identify health education actions for the elderly carried out by nurses for good active aging. The methodology used was an Integrative Literature Review and the searches were based on: Virtual Health Library (VHL) of publications in Portuguese, published between 2012 and 2022. The role of nurses must be carried out efficiently with care, as it is a moment of great importance in the lives of the elderly and this professional must work in a humanized way, in order to facilitate this moment.


Uighur web pages classification is meaningful for the Uighur information processing. In this paper, we propose a classification approach for Uighur web pages. It utilizes the combination of two methods to classify the Uighur web pages into the predefined classes. One is the classification method based on Column Navigator of web page. The other is the content classification method based on the classes feature dictionary. Based on the proposed approach, we design the classification system of Uighur web pages. The experimental results present that the system has better performance for Uighur web pages classification. It is useful and helpful for the construction of high-quality Uighur corpus, Uighur information retrieval as well as Uighur text mining.


We have performed positron-annihilation lifetime and Doppler-broadening measurements of quasicrystalline-phase ${\mathrm{Al}}_{74}$${\mathrm{Mn}}_{20}$${\mathrm{Si}}_{6}$. It is observed that the mean lifetime and line-shape parameter h decrease when going from room temperature to \ensuremath{\sim}250 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C. From fitting with two lifetime components, it is interpreted that the decreases of the mean lifetime and h correspond to the migration and annihilation of vacancylike defects. The implication of this is discussed.