"The Kuramoto Incident"-the mysterious disappearance of a Japanese vice-consul at Nanking in 1934 is a Japanese diplomatic blackmail against China. Its aim is to magnify the incident and then occupy the military sites around Nanking. Towards this sudden diplomatic incident, the Nanking National Government fell into a panic and an endless compromise. At the same time, they had to launch a broad search with the united efforts of the government and people and finally made some achievements. This unexpected result accidentally resolved the crisis, forcing the Japanese conspiracy to bankruptcy. This historical event provides us valuable references and inspiration on the effective ways to dealt with sudden diplomatic incidents. First, facing diplomatic emergency, the government and the parties involved should stay calm and make plans in advance; Second, we should attach importance to public opinion, creating a good international and domestic environment for the resolution of the diplomatic incidents; Third, we should appropriately employ all social forces to participate in the resolution of diplomatic incidents; Fourth, diplomacy should be backed by powerful national strength. If the country is not strong in the international arena, it will always be controlled and bullied by other powers. Therefore, to effectively prevent and respond to diplomatic incidents, the most fundamental way is that China must strengthen herself quickly, so that no power dares to take rash actions to carry out any scheme against China.


A device capable of automatically adjusting tire pressure according to pavement conditions belongs to the field of electronic control of automobiles, and is characterized in that an input end of a pavement condition sensor is connected with a power source module through a wire, an output end of the pavement condition sensor is connected with an ECU (electronic control unit), and a tire pressure sensor and an automatic tire pressure adjusting system are connected with the ECU. The device capable of automatically adjusting tire pressure according to pavement conditions is mounted inside a tire and has the advantages of easiness in mounting, accuracy in measurement, high precision and the like.


When we capture or transmit a digital image of an object, we sometimes lose a fraction of the pixels to noise or error. It is therefore of interest to develop methods that can reconstruct the original image. Mathematicians have developed bases for image data that tend to yield sparse decompositions, which in turn yield good heuristics for image recovery. These are just heuristics, however, and do not guarantee accuracy. We investigated a hypothesis concerning the new Ridgelet basis, which was pioneered by Emmanuel Candes; there exists a low threshold (about 1% for a 128 128 image) for which we can guarantee perfect reconstruction of an image consisting of a single basis element as long as of the pixels are visible. This is signican t because it extends to a related result concerning images that are superpositions of several basis elements. Many geometric images can be closely approximated by superimposing relatively few elements, so this means that they can be accurately reconstructed even if most of the pixels are missing.


The vapor-liquid phase equilibrium data of binary system of ethanol-cyclohexane has been correlated and predicted by means of BP neural network.In addition,a comparative study between the correlation of three parame-ter NRTL equation counteracting and the predicted result has been made.The result shows that BP neural network is obviously superior to NRTL equation in terms of accuracy.


As European OEM's, Original Gear Manufacturers and Vehi cle Producers, produce more complex and sophisticated transmissions, own i nfluence predominance on development of European and world gear strongest gea r oil specifications is more and more obvious. It emphasizes the following European O EM's requirements regarding American OEM's requirements: • Reliable operating of synchroniser unit demands • Static & Dynamic seal performance • Better wear protection and EP Performance (FZG test) • Pitting and Micropitting Test (FZG test) • VW tapered roller bearing Shear Stability Test • High Temperature Corrosion & Oxidation Performance ( 150 C) • Extended Drain interval The most significant impact on automotive gear oil development have ZF, MB and MAN, and after that VW, VOLVO and SCANIA. The paper describes short overview of the OEM's newest requirements and specification mentione d. The special emphasis is on trends and demands for increased oil change interva ls.


The nature of control as an economic category and its role in strategic
management system of the company have been researched. Consideration of impacts
on control of present-day management theories and determination of priorities of its
development has been solved as an important task.


Some productive aspects of a group of Anglo-nubian goats raised under semi-intensive conditions were analysed. The kids birth weight was 3.33 + 0.01 kg. The birth weight was significant influenced (P<0.01) by parturition order, birth type (single or multiple), kids sex and the interation of parturition order x birth type. The mortality until 90 days of age was 9.55%. The birth weight, birth type and the interation of kids age x birth type was significant influenced (P<0.01) on kids mortality. There was a positive association between birth weight and survival percentual, and a negative association between prolificacy index and kids survival.


Using 'Jinyou 1' and 'Chun 4' cucumber species as materials,effects of Na2CO3 stress on the growth and physiological indexes of cucumber seedlings were studied by sand culture.The results showed that root/shoot ratios of the two species were decreased with the increase of Na2CO3 concentration,but soluble sugar content,proline content and SOD activity were increased,yet the content of chlorophyll were increased at first and declined later.The relative conductivity and MDA content were increased with the increase of Na2CO3 concentration for 'Jinyou 1',but ones were the lowest at the 20 mmol·L-1 Na2CO3 concentration,and then increased for 'Chun 4'.The result of principal component analysis displayed that MDA content,SOD activity,soluble sugar content,proline content and the content of chlorophyll b were important in Na2CO3 stress evaluation for cucumber seedlings.The analysis results using 5 physiological indexes showed that Na2CO3 tolerance of 'Jinyou 1' was higher than 'Chun 4'.


Abstract. We present the results of mapping the grounding zone of the Antarctic Ice Sheet using laser altimetry from the ICESat-2 satellite, based on a combination of repeat track data and crossover analysis of ascending and descending tracks. We use a new automated method to provide estimates for both the landward limit of ice flexure and the inshore limit of hydrostatic equilibrium by detecting the ocean tidal signals, and is demonstrated on the Larsen C Ice Shelf in the Antarctic Peninsula. The results show a 2 times increase in number of observations of the grounding line location compared to ICESat-1, as well as improved precision. The mean absolute separation and the standard deviation between our ICESat-2 derived grounding line and DInSAR grounding line product are 0.29 km and 0.31 km, respectively. The beam pair structure of ICESat-2 enables us to derive the grounding zone features from a minimum of two repeat cycles. Our results demonstrate that ICESat-2 can provide high precision and density observations of grounding line in both space and time. This new method can improve the efficiency of grounding zone calculation and can be applied to other regions of the Antarctic Ice Sheet.


The nature of guest binding sites and selectivity in the zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF) 68 and 69 structures are studied by grand-canonical Monte Carlo and molecular-dynamics simulations. We have used the force field of Liu and co-workers to simulate CO2 and CO adsorption isotherms in the ZIF 68 and 69 structures at 273 K for pressures up to 1 atm. The experimental CO2 adsorption isotherms are reproduced with good accuracy, but the same force-field protocol overestimates the CO adsorption isotherms. In addition to the total guest adsorption in the unit cell of the ZIF structures from the adsorption isotherms, we determined the relative distribution of the guests in the pores and channels. The nature and number of the binding sites in the channels and pores are determined from the guest probability distributions in the ZIF structures. We find that the CO2 molecules associate strongly with the benzene rings of the benzimidazolate anion. The binding energies in the pores and channels for different numb...


The theory of ecological footprint is used to measure the development level from a new aspect and deal with a certain region's development condition. The ecological footprint of major living consumption per capita in Changsha in 2003 is presented in this paper. The consumption is estimated for each relevant category, which includes food, clothing, household facility, fuel and housing. The results indicate that the ecological footprint per capita is 1.0612 hm2. To accommodate the urban residents,the ecological footprint would be 36 times larger than their territories. At last,to build a sustainable eco-city,we should consider the capacities of ecosystems and advocate the ecological ways of life and consumption.


Nitrogen fixation in nodules provides leguminous plants with an ability to grow in nitrogen-starved soil. Infection of the host plants by microsymbionts triggers various physiological and morphological changes during nodule formation. In Lotus japonicus, expression of early nodulin (ENOD) genes is triggered by perception of bacterial signal molecules, nodulation factors (Nod factors). We examined the expression patterns of ENOD40 genes during the nodule formation process. Two ENOD40 genes of L. japonicus were specifically expressed in the nodule formation process, but they showed different expression patterns upon infection. Each ENOD40 gene demonstrates an individual specificity and regulation with regard to rhizobial infection.


Method for enzymatic preparation of antioxidant compounds. The invention provides a method of hydroxytyrosol esters represented by the formula I, wherein R {1} selected from the group consisting of radicals OCO and OCOalkenyl, comprising the following steps: a) preparing an enriched in hydroxytyrosol from olives, olive pulp, olive leaves, or liquid or solid residues of the pressed olive oil extract, b) reacting the extract prepared in step a) with an alkyl or alkenyl source in the presence of a lipase or esterase enzyme and, c) optionally purifying the hydroxytyrosol ester of the reaction mixture obtained in step b); and a dietary supplement comprising an extract containing said hydroxytyrosol esters.


Adoption of the Federal law No. 226 from 7/3/2016 "About troops of national guard of Russia" concerns all aspects of the activity of internal troops of Russia based on which the national guard has been established, including the educational environment of the graduate military courses of the military higher education institutions of internal troops as now the graduate military courses should train the research and educational personnel of the top qualification for the troops of the national guard, the power, rights and obligations of which are significantly expanded. In the educational activities of the graduate military courses of the military higher education institutions of internal troops of Russia for the purpose of compliance to the points of the Federal Law No. 226, first of all, the modernization shall be directed to the educational standards, educational plans and working programs, for ensuring the immediate preparation of the research and educational personnel of the top skills. In the article the authors give the example of such upgrading on the example of Article 14. "Forming and maintaining the databanks of the citizens" Federal Law No. 226.


We describe an infant with cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection presenting as transient myeloproliferation resembling juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML). The patient fulfilled the international diagnostic criteria of JMML, including hypersensitivity to granulocyte–macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (GM‐CSF). Viral studies using serologic assays and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were positive for CMV. Clinical symptoms disappeared and laboratory values returned to normal without specific treatment within 1 year. Follow‐up showing a decrease in viral titers suggested CMV infection as an etiologic factor for the development of myeloproliferative features. We conclude that the CMV infection transiently induced abnormal myelopoiesis in this infant. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2009; 53:1324–1326. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Commercial applications such as database servers often have very large instruction footprints and consequently are frequently stalled due to instruction cache misses. A large fraction of the i-cache misses are typically due to conflicts in the relatively small direct-mapped onchip instruction caches. A variety of tools have been developed to try to order the procedures of an application to minimize these conflicts. Such tools often make use of profile information to place procedures so that procedures that frequently call each other do not conflict in the i-cache. However, users often avoid using any kind of tool that requires them to do extra profiling and linking steps to optimize their application. In addition, any tool that does a static layout of procedures (whether using profiling information or not) cannot adapt to varying application workloads that cause very different application behavior. We have developed a method called DPP (dynamic procedure placement) for placing procedures at run time for good i-cache performance and have implemented it for Digital Unix on Alpha servers. Our system uses a run-time loader similar to a shared-library loader and is completely transparent. Our method efficiently invokes the loader at procedures calls and also correctly handles indirect procedure calls. We have developed a variety of extensions, including run-time code optimizations and a way of restarting the procedure placement while an application is running. In this paper, we describe our method, explain the difficult implementation issues, discuss our extensions, and give performance results for a variety of benchmarks and the Oracle database server. We also provide detailed simulation results using the SimOSAlpha full-machine simulator.


In a pevius comm in1 we have shown that the fding of potasiu iodide to normal pigs for a period of two to three weeks results in a very pronounced inrease in the mitotic proliferation of the thyroid etm, an irrease whih was even greater th that pevis observed by Gray and Loeb.' Furthermore. we determined that tbere is a definite relation bet the amount of UI fed and the icease m proliferativ activity. Previously Loeb 3 had shown that feing of KI to guinea pigs m which the grater part of the thyroid gland had been rmoved did not pevt conpensatory hyprtrphy, but on the aveage tended to incease the latter. Marine4 on the other hand, maintains that the intraperitoneal injection of KI to guinea pigs pr subjected to partal thyridectomy prevents the onset of cmnsatory hypertrophy. Since Marine did not feed KI to his guinea pigs but made use of intraperitoneal injections, it was possible that the differences in the results obtained by Marine and other investigators were duepe to the diffet met of administration of iodide; we thought it therefore advisable to arry out another series of experiments in which, instead of feing potassium iodide we injected it intrperitoneally. It was concivable that the more rapid absorption of UI which takes place if the latter method is used might produce rtain quantitative changes in the results obtained, and this possibility added to the interest of the experiment.


three years of teaching successive groups of children in the same grade of the Sunday School of the Hyde Park Baptist Church, Chicago. The author recognizes the fact that her pupils were not such as the average teacher has to instruct, and that the conditions were ideal in many respects. Few teachers of the corresponding grade of pupils in other schools could hope to use successfully the lessons as here outlined. The author displays skill in laying out work for teachers, and her suggestions as to the best method of presenting the lesson reveal a good knowledge of child nature. The effort to secure home work on the part of pupils and to enlist the aid of parents is very praiseworthy. Thoroughness is insisted upon. The book is worthy of a careful reading by both teachers and parents. Out of experiments such as this improved methods for the Sunday Schools of the world will be slowly evolved. JOHN R. SAMPEY.


A model is developed for the simulation of Silicon-On-Insulator (SOI) Field Effect Transistors (FETs). The general disadvantages and advantages of SOI FETs are looked at, and several existing models are examined to determine their usefulness. Issues such as noise and thermal conductivity are taken into account. The application in which the FETs are to be used offers simplifications to the model which are taken into account. Equations and schematics suitable for implementation in PSPICE are synthesized and presented. An error of approximately 6% is obtained, improving upon the SOI FET model provided by the vendor of the devices. Thesis Supervisor: Clifton G. Fonstad Title: Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering


A fourth order unconditionally stable ADI method for the wave equation is developed. The method is only twice more expensive than the second order ADI methods, but a much larger step size can be used.


Fatty acid profiles, starch content and germination of watermelon seeds differing in seed vigour were determined for 4 triploid and 2 diploid lines. There were major differences in the fatty acid profiles between diploids and triploids. A major increase in the relative amounts of the unsaturated linoleic acid (C18:2) was found in triploids. Diploids had significantly higher starch levels than triploids. There was a high correlation between starch content and mean germination time. Conversions of seed storage reserves during early germination events may differentially affect seed vigour in triploid and diploid watermelon seeds.


Contains a compilation of historical retrospective of recreational use of nature in cities and country districts of the Saratov region. The main pollutants of the soil cover in recreation areas are, first of all, mobile sources (road transport), as well as some stationary objects. In the process performed chemical monitoring is set low concentrations of petroleum products in the soil of the objects of research that characterizes them as "environmentally friendly" and "environmentally suitable for recreational activities for residents.


MORE STATE TRANSPORTATION AGENCIES ARE REALIZING THE DEGREE OF COMPLEXITY INVOLVED IN MANAGEING MULTIPROJECT PROGRAMS AND MANPOWER IN A MULTIFUND ENVIRONMENT. MANY ARE TURNING TOWARD SYSTEMS MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUES TO EFFECTIVELY PROGRAM MANPOWER AND CONSUME FEDERAL FUNDS. HOWEVER, MANY POTENTIAL PITFALLS LOOM FOR SYSTEMS MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUES OR MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS. THIS PAPER ADDRESSES SOME OF THE ISSUES SURROUNDING THESE SYSTEMS AND IS BASED ON THE AUTHORS' EXPERIENCE WITH THE FLORIDA DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION'S MULTIPROJECT SCHEDULING SYSTEM AND INTERVIEWS WITH MANY STYSTEM USERS. SEVERAL POSSIBILITIES FOR ENHANCING SIMILAR SYSTEMS AND THEIR IMPLEMENTATION ARE SUGGESTED. SEVERAL BEHAVIORIAL AND SYSTEMS MANAGEMENT POLICIES ARE IDENTIFIED AND ANALYZED IN THE LIGHT OF EMERGING MANAGEMENT THEORY, AND POLICY ACTIONS ARE SUGGESTED FOR THE EFFECTIVE INTERFACE OF SYSTEM, ORGANIZATION, AND USER.


We describe our submission to the CogALex-VI shared task on the identification of multilingual paradigmatic relations building on XLM-RoBERTa (XLM-R), a robustly optimized and multilingual BERT model. In spite of several experiments with data augmentation, data addition and ensemble methods with a Siamese Triple Net, Translrelation, the XLM-R model with a linear classifier adapted to this specific task, performed best in testing and achieved the best results in the final evaluation of the shared task, even for a previously unseen language.


Abstract A well known technique to obtain homogeneous alignment of nematic liquid crystals with positive dielectric anisotropy for use in twisted nematic displays is to deposit a silicon monoxide film onto the aligning substrate surface at an oblique angle between 3–6°. This range of deposition angles provides excellent normal contrast ratio but is poor when viewed off axis. This paper describes an alternative approach utilizing a double SiO deposition that improves off axis viewing. The first SiO layer (350 A) was deposited at 6°. The second layer (20–50 A) was deposited at 30°. The second layer seems to have a smoothing effect on the 6° structure, as substantiated by TEM studies, thus lowering the tilt angle.


The following topics are under this section: COVID-19 and its Impact on a Global and Societal Scale Possible, Immediate Solution for COVID-19: A position paper Surviving COVID-19 Fundamentals to Help Hospitals in ASEAN stay Resilient


Market research on the current status of the flower industry in Guagndong,Yunnan and Fujian was conducted.The business in the three provinces was compared in regard to their distribution and management systems.Based on the analysis,a development strategy for Fujian's flower industry was presented.


Tropical cyclones (TC), considered extreme weather events, can induce massive losses in coastal areas. It affects millions of people and cattle and can cause a lot of economic losses. Traditionally numerical weather prediction (NWP), known as Tropical cyclones genesis forecasting, has been conducted based on statistical analysis. Over the last century, many studies have been undertaken on predicting tropical cyclones using machine learning approaches. Nevertheless, none of the papers has given a concrete idea about the best algorithm to predict the TC. In this paper, we have done a comparison among various machine learning algorithms to predict TC, using a numerical dataset. We have taken a number of 12 algorithms, i.e. Gradient Boosting, Adaptive Boosting(AdaBoost), Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), CatBoost, Decision Tree Regressor (DTR), KNN, Bayesian Ridge Regression, Random Forest, Logistic Regression, Multiple linear regression, Support Vector Machine (SVM), ANN. Our results show that ensemble methods e.g. boosting algorithms (Gradient Boosting, XGBoost, CatBoost, etc.) give better results compared to other machine learning algorithms.


Abhishek Guhey, Varalakshmi Chandra Sekaran, Ashma D Monteiro, Nisha Motwani 1,4Prasanna School of Public Health, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal. 2Melaka Manipal Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal. 3Department of Data Science, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal. DOI: https://doi.org/10.24321/0019.5138.201910 Background: India has grappled with the problem of malaria since many decades. Moreover, Udupi district contributes 13% of malaria cases to Karnataka making it a significant public health concern. Objectives: To explore the socio-cultural and environmental factors that affect malaria incidence in Udupi. Methods: Areas with high annual incidence of malaria in Udupi city were selected for the study. A validated structured questionnaire was used for data collection. Study findings were expressed in frequencies and percentages. Results: Out of 315 households, 79.7% belonged to urban areas with 30.1% being graduates and above. In 14% of households, there was a malaria case in the past one year. The respondents were assessed for belief surrounding malaria and most of the respondents (80.3%) agreed that malaria is a severe disease that needs treatment. On assessing for treatment seeking behaviour, the majority of the respondents preferred private clinics (58.7%). On probing for prevention practices, most respondents (89.8%) preferred indoor residuals spraying. Only 31% of the respondents were found to be using bed nets at night. Almost 8.9% of the houses had completely uncovered windows thus facilitating the entry of mosquito indoors. Majority of the respondents were found to have open wells in close proximity to their homes(71.4%). Conclusion: It was found that despite having adequate knowledge regarding, malaria people do not adhere to the prevention strategies. The socio-cultural, housing and environmental factors were found to favour mosquito breeding and biting with potentiality of malaria transmission.


By combining international human resources and information systems literatures, we explore the role internet-based expat platforms play in creating complementary sources for interaction leading to ...


This paper aims to reveal the granting of authority to the people in the mechanism of dissolution of political parties and the idea of the Ius Constituendum mechanism of dissolution of political parties in Indonesia. This paper uses a normative juridical study with a historical approach, a case approach, and a statute approach. This paper shows that the granting of authority to the people in the mechanism of dissolution of Political Parties must pay attention to the people as the owner of the country's sovereignty. The people should be qualified for having legal standing in the request to dissolve political parties. Ius Constituendum the dissolution of political parties in Indonesia becomes a model of appropriate sanctions against political parties that have violated the provisions which are proven and decided by the competent institution, in this case, the judicial institution.


The generation of lift and thrust mainly depends on the formation of low-pressure vortices above the arc groove on the leading edge of the Fan-wing, which makes the lift and thrust have a strong coupling relationship. How to decouple and control the lift and thrust is the key to further engineering application of the Fan-wing. Normally, the geometric parameters of the Fan-wing airfoil were determined; the leading edge opening angle has the greatest influence on the aerodynamic performance. Therefore, the method of installing leading edge winglets on the leading edge of a base Fan-wing airfoil was considered to change the opening angle of the leading edge of the Fan-wing. Through numerical simulation, the effects of single, double, and triple leading edge winglets on lift and thrust of the Fan-wing at different installation angles, inflow velocities, and angles of attack were compared and analyzed. The results show that by controlling the angle of the leading edge winglet, not only the lift and thrust of the fan can be improved but also the strength and position of the low-pressure vortices can be controlled, so as to meet the active control requirements of the aerodynamic moment of the Fan-wing, and then the attitude of the Fan-wing aircraft can be controlled.


38 39 In contrast to many other gull species, nominate lesser black-backed gulls (Larus fuscus fuscus, 40 nLBBG) have shown generally decreasing population trends throughout their breeding area in 41 northern and eastern Fennoscandia over the past decades and are now red-listed. Interspecific 42 competition, predation, increased disturbance, organochlorine poisoning and food shortages were 43 suggested as main reasons for the overall decrease. Here we contribute to a better understanding of 44 population declines by comparing foraging movements of satellite tracked adult gulls in three 45 geographical areas of Finland (West, South, and East) that differ in their population trends. Our 46 analysis examines potential differences and preferences in the feeding site behaviour of adult gulls. 47 Our comparison of the three geographical areas showed that nLBBGs preferred feeding at fur farms 48 in West Finland, waste dumps in South Finland, and lakes and fields in East Finland. We found 49 individual gulls of this purportedly generalist species to be highly specialised in their foraging 50 behaviour, particularly those that might be associated with their survival probabilities. We 51


The present study seeks to measure suppression effects in a canonical experimental configuration, featuring the exposure of a buoyancy-driven, turbulent, methaneor propane-fueled diffusion flame to a diluted oxidizer stream. Flames (~50 kW) are stabilized above a 5 cm by 50 cm slot-burner surrounded by a 50 cm by 75 cm co-flowing oxidizer. Nitrogen gas is introduced to the oxidizer to provide controlled flame suppression, through reduction in the oxygen mole-fraction of the oxidizer ( 2 O X ). Infrared flame emissions, measured using a heat-flux transducer, are converted to integral radiative loss fraction (χr) using a weighted multipoint radiation source model. Combustion exhaust temperatures provide a measure of the convective heat-release fraction (χc). Integral combustion efficiency (ηcomb) is measured using species-based calorimetry techniques. Measurements of ηcomb for both fuels remain close to unity, independent of reductions in 2 O X An abrupt drop in ηcomb occurs upon global flame extinction, at 2 O X = 0.151 for methane and at 2 O X = 0.139 for propane. Measurements of χr 1for both fuels decrease linearly with reducing 2 O X . At ambient conditions, χr for propane is greater than that for methane, attributed to greater sooting propensity. That ηcomb remains near unity while χr decreases with declining 2 O X , necessitates a concomitant increase in χc, in agreement with measurements. The measured sum χc + χr closely follows the measured ηcomb, with small offset attributed to heat losses not accounted for in the χc and χr measurements.


Nanoparticles (NP), which can be produced for many different fields and purposes; are at size vary from nanometer to a micrometer. These particles can be prepared by different approaches such as chemical, physical and biological methods. However, the biological approach is the most promising approach among other methods due to its simplicity and environmentally friendly conditions. The production of the nanoparticle by means of a biological approach does not require any high temperature, acidic/basic conditions and hazardous chemicals. Therefore, this method is named "green synthesis". Development in microtechnology has had profound effects in many areas such as drug discovery, biology, diagnosis, and tissue engineering. Microfluidics which focuses on the processing of liquids in microscale systems has attracted wide attention in the production process of nanoparticles due to precise control and fast mixing. The main purpose of this study is to produce and characterize metal nanoparticles by combining microsystems and green synthesis approaches. For this purpose, in the first step, the design of microsystems that suitable for the flow of different phases was performed. In the second step, ZnO nanoparticle synthesis was carried out using the red cabbage ( Brassica oleracea var .capitata f. Rubra ) extracts. The synthesis of nanoparticles achieved by optimizing different parameters such as; extract: zinc ratio, zinc solution concentration, flow rates, and flow rates ratio in the microsystem and temperature. The results showed that the herbal red cabbage components can be used for the green synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles.


The population biologies of Cyprinotus carolinensis, Herpetocypris reptans, Cypricercus reticulatus, and Candona decora in a spring-fed, temporary, winter puddle in Vancouver, Canada, were studied during 1967–1969. All species emerged at the same time in the fall, when the puddle filled, and competed to reach maturity. The order of maturation was Candona, Cyprinotus, Cypricercus, and Herpetocypris. Abundance was positively related to adult size of each species. Survivorship and fecundity patterns are given for Herpetocypris and Cyprinotus. Survivorship is closest to the type-I kind.All species have similar feeding appendages and ate grass detritus and its microinhabitants. They differed in their spatial distribution, each species being most abundant along a section of the rut. They also differed in their mobility and foraging patterns. The presence of grass was effective in restricting dispersal. Distribution and abundance of these species may be accounted for either in terms of competitive interactions o...


In this paper, we developed optical dosimetry system with a plastic scintillator, a commercial 50 mm, f1.8 lens, and a commercial high-sensitivity CMOS (complementary metal-oxide semiconductor) camera. And, the correction processors of vignetting, geometrical distortion and scaling were established. Using the developed system, we can measured a percent depth dose, a beam profile and a dose linearity for 6 MV medical LINAC (Linear Accelerator). As results, the optically measured percent depth dose was well matched with the measured percent depth dose by ion-chamber within 2% tolerance. And the determined flatness was 2.8%. We concluded that the optical dosimetry system was sufficient for application of absorbed dose monitoring during radiation therapy.


In chemically amplified resists used for ionizing radiations such as an extreme ultraviolet radiation, thermalized electrons and protons play important roles in pattern formation. Photodecomposable quenchers are important for 11 nm half-pitch fabrication because they capture both thermalized electrons and protons. However, their effects are complicated for the same reason. In this study, the optimum concentration ratio of photodecomposable quenchers to acid generators in terms of the trade-off relationships between resolution, line width roughness (LWR), and sensitivity was theoretically investigated, assuming line-and-space patterns of 11 nm half-pitch. To suppress LWR to less than 20% critical dimension (CD), the recommended total sensitizer concentration (the sum of acid generator and photodecomposable quencher concentrations) was in the range of 0.20–0.22 nm−3. The expected sensitivities were 30–40 mJ cm−2 when the resist performance of the latest chemically amplified resists was assumed. The optimum ratio of photodecomposable quencher concentration to the total sensitizer concentration was 0.55.


. We provide a geometric elementary proof of the fact that an ana- lytic plane branch is analytically equivalent to one whose terms corresponding to contacts with holomorphic one-forms —except for Zarkiski's λ -invariant— are zero (so called "short parametrizations"). This is the main step missed by Zariski in his attempt to solve the moduli problem.


The so-called 3-3-1 models have been widely studied in the literature. However, in almost all cases, as with other models, just simplified versions have been consider. On the other hand, the LHC has not neither confirmed nor rejected any model. In this paper we consider some aspects of the 3-3-1 models that must be investigated, or be re-analyzed, firstly theoretically and, eventually, experimentally. Some of these issues are independent of the representation content of the particular model, that is, they are independent of the value of the β parameter. However, others strongly depend on the particular model considered.


The present invention discloses a health tea crust dendrobium, using with pure heart and lungs, the lily sedative Sadashi, with heat and dampness, blood detoxification efficacy Plectranthus, with Ziyinqingre, thirst Dendrobium nobile, Add the rice, the baking process, to produce finished with pure heart and lungs, heat and dampness, appetizers digestion health effects; uniform finished thickness, was massive smooth, homogeneous pale yellow, with fragrance fried rice, crisp fragrant and refreshing, with all ages.


A study has been made of the relationship between the structure of phenylalkylamines and potential correlates of their psychotomimetic activity. Optimum activity is associated with (a) an isopropylamine side chain, with a R-(-) configuration at the carbon atom a to the amino group, and (b) 2,5-dimethoxy substitution, together with an alkyl or halo group at position 4 that is probably limited in bulk to n-propyl or bromo. The activity of compounds in producing hyperthermia in rabbits provides good quantitative correlation with reported psychotomimetic activities in man.


The need for new approaches to disaster management; the floods in Lusaka, Zambia considers the inadequacies in the official response to floods in Zambia in 1989, especially for those living in squatter settlements in Lusaka, and the failure to take action prior to the floods to mitigate their impacts. The author also describes how relief operations generally fail to address the priorities of those most affected by disasters and argues for the integration of mitigation and reconstruction activities into development programmes.


A finishing wheel holding mechanism for a Zahnradendbearbeitungsvorrichtung using a Endbearbeitungsrads having internal teeth which, allowing a simple and rapid fitting or replacement of a Endbearbeitungsrads is provided. The finishing wheel holding mechanism comprises a head frame 21 which has at the center an opening portion for receiving a Endbearbeitungsrads, and an annular finishing wheel holding section 22 for fitting Endbearbeitungsradern A1 (A2), which are rotatably supported within the opening portion of the head frame 21; and Endbearbeitungsradhalter comprises a supporting or support pinion 50, which an open end portion 53 for insertion of a Endbearbeitungsrads and a female or receptacle portion 54 has to set the Endbearbeitungsrads, an annular sliding body 55 within the open end portion 53, a projection 57 which the finishing wheel contacted to serve as a stop, a pressure collar 58 which is inserted into the sliding body 55, to fix the finishing wheel by sliding of the sliding body to the finishing wheel, and an actuator 60 for driving the sliding body 55 to the receiving section.


The problems of robust H \-2 performance analysis and control for generalized systems with norm-bounded uncertainties are studied using linear matrix inequality(LMI) approach. A sufficient condition for linear matrix inequalities is presented such that the systems satisfy the robust H \-2 suboptimal performance for all admissible uncertainties. Furthermore, a state feedback controller is designed, which guarantees that the resulting closed-loop system is admissible and satisfies the robust H \-2 suboptimal performance, that is, the H \-2 norm of the closed-loop system is less than a given positive number. An efficient LMI method for designing the controller is given using Matlab toolbox.Finally, a numerical example is given to illustrate the results.


Cotinine, the primary metabolite of nicotine, can be detected in the blood of infants born to mothers who used nicotine products during pregnancy and breast feeding, and is used as a marker of nicotine exposure. Previous research shows that prenatal nicotine exposure alters the regions of the brain that control breathing and results in impaired protective breathing reflexes in exposed human and animal neonates. These abnormalities are proposed as a mechanism to explain Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS), and maternal smoking is the number one risk factor for SIDS. While it has long been known that nicotine has direct effects on brain function and development, it has only recently been established that cotinine may act on the brain as well. Both nicotine and cotinine bind to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) which are expressed on neurons throughout the nervous system. Preliminary data using the in vitro brainstem spinal‐cord preparation from nicotine‐exposed neonatal rats shows that activation of nAChRs produces a decrease in the amplitude of respiratory bursts recorded from hypoglossal nerve roots (−30.74±18.2 % baseline, n=4), and that this effect is enhanced by cotinine (−60.34±16.1 % baseline, n=4). This supports the hypothesis that cotinine modulates the function of nAChRs in regions of the brain that control breathing (P<0.0001).


An active learner is given an instance space, a label space and a hypothesis class, where one of the hypotheses in the class assigns ground truth labels to instances. Additionally, the learner has access to a labeling oracle, which it can interactively query for the label of any example in the instance space. The goal of the learner is to find a good estimate of the hypothesis in the hypothesis class that generates the ground truth labels while making as few interactive queries to the oracle as possible. This work considers a more general setting where the labeling oracle can abstain from providing a label in addition to returning noisy labels. We provide a model for this setting where the abstention rate and the noise rate increase as we get closer to the decision boundary of the ground truth hypothesis. We provide an algorithm and an analysis of the number of queries it makes to the labeling oracle; finally we provide matching lower bounds to demonstrate that our algorithm has near-optimal estimation accuracy.


In an era of perpetual war, service members are required to follow orders with significant legal and moral consequences. Several high-profile cases, however, call into question the limits of the soldier's duty. In 2006, First Lieutenant Ehren Watada refused to deploy to Iraq because of legal and moral objections to the underlying conflict. More recently, Captain Nathan Smith sued President Obama in federal court, claiming the conflict against the Islamic State terrorist organization was not properly authorized by Congress. Since early 2016, then Republican Presidential candidate Donald Trump made multiple proposals to combat terrorism by targeting civilians and committing torture. If confronted with such orders, under what circumstances do service members have a duty to disobey? This article examines the obligations of service members, focusing on Lieutenant Watada, Captain Smith, and others like them who objected to specific armed conflicts on legal and moral grounds. Specifically, this article seeks to answer whether state adherence to the jus ad bellum and jus in bello is condition precedent for soldiers' obedience to orders. A preliminary examination of these issues reveals that soldiers have a legal obligation to disobey unlawful orders during armed conflict (e.g., targeting civilians, torture), but there is no equivalent legal obligation to disobey orders to deploy in support of a war that is—from the soldier's perspective — unlawful. The state is also interested in avoiding widespread disobedience. A behavioral studies approach suggests that compliance can best be achieved through internalization of norms, opportunities for constructive dissent, and stricter adherence to the jus ad bellum. This article will appeal to national security practitioners, decision makers, and scholars. The relevance to national security is evident by seeking methods to gain greater compliance from soldiers and more prudent strategic level decisions regarding armed conflict. More broadly, the examination of compliance theory to individual behavior is applicable to multiple disciplines and any large organization. The examination of the soldier's obedience is particularly timely when the United States is engaged in what some describe as a "forever war."


The collective experience of more than 50 years has led to the development of approaches that have enhanced student comprehension in the teaching of educational research methods, statistics, and measurement. Tips for teachers include using illustrative problems with one-digit numbers, using common situations and everyday objects to illustrate statistical concepts and techniques, and using such "low-tech" aids as transparencies to project complex illustrations. Verbal images or figures of speech (tropes) are useful in expressing statistical concepts. Sometimes a historical note will make a point more vividly than a current allusion, as a discussion of an early controlled experiment illustrates. Teachers should use their creative imaginations to find ways to help students understand statistical concepts. (Contains 16 references.) (SLD) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. *********************************************************************** U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office,of Educational Research and Improvement ED ATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) This document has been reproduced as received from the person or organization originating it. Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction quality. Points of view or opinions stated in this document do not necessarily represent official OERI position or policy. Tips, Tropes, and Trivia


On September 15–16, 2022 RIEPP hosted the All-Russian Scientific and Practical Conference "Development of Russia's Scientific Potential" aimed at addressing topical issues and decision-making in the development of international cooperation in science and technology in Russia in terms of global challenges, intellectual property management in science and technology, improving government support of scientific and technological activities, and the functioning of scientific and technological infrastructure as the basis for the development of critical technologies in the Russian Federation; Improving the organization of record keeping and archiving in the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation and its subordinate organizations. The conference was moderated by the director of RIEPP I. E. Ilina. Representatives of federal and regional state authorities, scientific and educational organizations, regional funds for the support of scientific and scientific-technical activity, leading specialists and experts on intellectual property management and technology transfer, employees of RAS, representatives of leading CKPs and UNUs were participants of the round tables.


Over the years, more attention has been focused on the implementation than on the preparation of the research budget in the agricultural institutes of China, resulting in the unscientific and unreasonable budgeting of research funds. The practical implementation of the research funds has also been adversely affected. In this paper, the problems as well as the root causes of those problems in the budgeting and implementation of research funds were analyzed, and corresponding solutions and suggestions were also presented.


With demand uncertainty and price-dependent condition,to achieve supply chain coordination,the article constructs a three-stage supply chain competition model involving supplier,distributor and retailer,by the use of regulating service factor and quality factor,and adding profit-sharing contract between distributor and retailer.System dynamics simulation proves that the proper profit-sharing contract parameter would achieve win-win situation of the overall profit of supply chain and each node profit.


An integrated coupled control strategy for a servicing spacecraft autonomously approaching and docking with a freely tumbling target is studied. To implement capturing successfully, the docking port of the servicing spacecraft should be always pointing to the docking port of target during close rendezvous and docking, which involves proximity maneuvering of coupled position and attitude simultaneously. The integrated coupled control is accomplished through a robust sliding mode control for coupled relative position and attitude tracking. In order to design the integrated coupled control law, the integrated coupled dynamics of relative position and attitude is established through relative position vector and relative attitude quaternion. Then, based on the integrated coupled dynamics, an integrated coupled control law is designed through a robust sliding mode control technique which is constructed by two sliding surfaces. The convergence of sliding surfaces and tracking error are guaranteed in presence of unknown but bounded disturbances and model uncertainties. The robustness of the proposed control law to measurement noise is also analyzed. Finally, three numerical simulation scenarios are conducted and the results validate the effectiveness and robustness of the integrated coupled control law.


We define a class of quadratic differential algebras which are generated as differential graded algebras by the elements of an Euclidean space. Such a differential algebra is a differential calculus over the quadratic algebra of its elements of differential degree zero. This generalizes for arbitrary quadratic algebras the differential graded algebra of exterior polynomial differential forms for the algebra of polynomial functions on $\mathbb R^n$. We investigate the structure of these differential algebras and their connection with the Koszul complexes of quadratic algebras.


This Economic Paper builds on the 2014 SIDS Accelerated Modalities of Action Pathway, which provides policy guidance on economic, environmental and social priorities in SIDS. Complementing the vision contained in the Pathway, it offers more detailed analysis and guidance on alternative economic development strategies for SIDS and recommends policies necessary for SIDS to build their competitiveness in new industries. Alternative Development Strategies for SIDS


Rapid advances in microcomputer processing power have accelerated the development of multi-object databases. These new information constructs require different record layouts, demand the inclusion on non-searchable strings, and place different demands upon the query logic in the software and in the mind of the searcher. Traditional databases are typically collections of fairly uniform records. These are usually abstracts, indices, and full text in a range of combinations. Such traditional databases are collections or small data constructs. The new databases combine text, images, recorded or synthesized voice, and other objects. Databases that contain multiple objects represent the data. Such representations are large data constructs. This new terminology reminds the database builder and the consumer of information that fundamentally different approaches to large data constructs are the only way to explore


The invention relates to a multi-stage centrifugal pump with improved impeller arrangement. The centrifugal pump comprises impellers sheathed on a shaft of the centrifugal pump, wherein the impellers comprise a first-stage impeller, a 1/2-stage impeller, a 2/3-stage impeller and an inter-stage impeller, and the first-stage impeller, the 1/2-stage impeller, the 2/3-stage impeller and the inter-stage impeller are sequentially connected in series and are sheathed on the shaft of the centrifugal pump. Compared with the prior art, the multi-stage centrifugal pump has the advantages that the performance range of the single-type pump is greatly expanded, the product types are reduced, the universality is enhanced, the pump performance is similar to the actual work condition, the pump can operate in efficient regions, energy sources are saved, in addition, the one-time investment under the complicated work condition is reduced, and the adjustability of the product performance is enhanced.


We provide novel deterministic distributed vertex coloring algorithms. As our main result, we give a deterministic distributed algorithm to compute a $(\Delta+1)$-coloring of an $n$-node graph with maximum degree $\Delta$ in $2^{O(\sqrt{\log\Delta})}\cdot\log n$ rounds. This improves on the best previously known time complexity for a large range of values of $\Delta$. For graphs with arboricity $a$, we obtain a deterministic distributed algorithm to compute a $(2+o(1))a$-coloring in time $2^{O(\sqrt{\log a})}\cdot\log^2 n$. Further, for graphs with bounded neighborhood independence, we show that a $(\Delta+1)$-coloring can be computed more efficiently in time $2^{O(\sqrt{\log\Delta})} + O(\log^* n)$. This in particular implies that also a $(2\Delta-1)$-edge coloring can be computed deterministically in $2^{O(\sqrt{\log\Delta})} + O(\log^* n)$ rounds, which improves the best known time bound for small values of $\Delta$. All results even hold for the list coloring variants of the problems. As a consequence, we also obtain an improved deterministic $2^{O(\sqrt{\log\Delta})}\cdot\log^3 n$-round algorithm for $\Delta$-coloring non-complete graphs with maximum degree $\Delta\geq 3$. Most of our algorithms only require messages of $O(\log n)$ bits (including the $(\Delta+1)$-vertex coloring algorithms).
Our main technical contribution is a recursive deterministic distributed list coloring algorithm to solve list coloring problems with lists of size $\Delta^{1+o(1)}$. Given some list coloring problem and an orientation of the edges, we show how to recursively divide the global color space into smaller subspaces, assign one of the subspaces to each node of the graph, and compute a new edge orientation such that for each node, the list size to out-degree ratio degrades at most by a constant factor on each recursion level.


Independent component analysis(ICA)now is widely applied in pattern recognition domain,such as face recognition.Firstly,the image data can be preprocessed and dimension is reduced,and then the independent image basis can be got by ICA.Finally,face recognition is processed in the subspace.In the experiment,the influence of training samples,man labels and independent basis numbers to recognition ratio are compared and analyzed.


To the Editor:— Your interesting editorial, "Modern Technology and the Life Sciences" in the June 15 issue ofThe Journal( 184 :889) starts with a condescending bow to the "utopian ideals" of Francis Bacon. Far from being utopian, Bacon was thoroughly practical and modern ( even to the extent of accepting bribes ). I raise this difference not to be precious, but because we can still learn much from him; we should be at home with him as he would with us were he here now. He has justly been called the philosopher of the industrial revolution. He looked into all fields of knowledge with a glance that penetrated the future. His influences on scientists of the 17th century, such as Hooke and Boyle, was crucial, and Boerhaave acknowledged a debt to him. He is still current coin. Physicians, if they will cut away the specific nonsense, will find masterful abstractions in


www.PosterPresentations.com Calcium oxalate renal calculi are one of the most common types of kidney stones. Research has shown that citric acid can prevent calcium oxalate crystallization and that extracts of Bryophyllum pinnatum may be able to reduce the size of existing calcium oxalate crystals in vivo. Bryophyllum pinnatum extracts contain a high concentration of citric acid, which may contribute to its ability to dissolve renal calculi. The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of citric acid for dissolving calcium oxalate. Calcium oxalate powder, contained in dialysis tubing, was incubated in solutions of water, citric acid or EDTA for ten days and the change in mass was measured. Citric acid was shown to have no significant effect, compared with water alone and is unlikely to be the component in B. pinnatum extracts that are responsible for reducing the size of calcium oxalate calculi. Abstract


In this paper we propose a complete computational system for Auditory Scene Analysis. This time-frequency system localizes, separates, and spatializes an arbitrary number of audio sources given only binaural signals. The localization is based on recent research frameworks, where interaural level and time differences are combined to derive a confident direction of arrival (azimuth) at each frequency bin. Here, the power-weighted histogram constructed in the azimuth space is modeled as a Gaussian Mixture Model, whose parameter structure is revealed through a weighted Expectation Maximization. Afterwards, a bank of Gaussian spatial filters is configured automatically to extract the sources with significant energy accordingly to a posterior probability. In this frequency-domain framework, we also inverse a geometrical and physical head model to derive an algorithm that simulates a source as originating from any azimuth angle.


In this paper, the newly invented brushless dual-mechanical-port electrical machine(BLDMPEM) based on the principle of magnetic field modulation with multi-operational modes and control strategies are presented which is suitable for hybrid electrical vehicle application. The prototype structure and principle of operation are described, the mathematic model and equivalent circuit are established, the torque and power reference direction is analyzed,the vector control strategy and power management algorithm of this electrical variable transmission system is discussed. Simulation results prove the feasibility and validity of the proposed prototype, theoretical analysis and excellent performance of the proposed control scheme.


Safety critical software systems are regulated by stringent certification requirements. The use of formal methods is the part of standard recommendations in particular for higher safety integrity levels. An important issue with formal methods is the problem of the validation of requirements: do they accurately capture the stakeholder needs? While proof tools guarantee the consistency of a specification, they are of little help to check if the specification models the desired behavior. This paper addresses the problem of the validation of Event-B specifications by animation. Once the specifications have been verified using the RODIN platform, they have to be transformed in order to be animated by the Brama animator. We propose transformation heuristics in order to produce a derived animatable specification which may be non-provable, but exhibiting the same behavior as the original specification.


This paper presents a coupled oscillator configured with multiple-input differential buffers. Theoretical analysis and simulated results indicate the advantage of low timing-jitter. Furthermore, we also explore the influence of thermal noise in frequency and time domains. By employing linear noise models, we also derive phase noise performance for the proposed coupled oscillators.


The inaugural meeting of the Anthropocene Working Group of the Subcommission on Quaternary Stratigraphy in Berlin (Oct. 2014) produced a consensus statement that "humans have altered geologic processes across the Earth system sufficiently to cause a planetary transition to a new interval of geological time", with the timing of the onset the focus of continued debate, but with a majority in favour of a mid-20th century beginning. The name has driven the assumption that the Anthropocene should be an epoch, but are its signatures truly driven out of the range evident for most of the Holocene, or are changes comparable or subsidiary to Holocene stages?
The evidence rests upon a broad range of signatures reflecting humanity's significant and increasing modification of Earth systems. These are visible in anthropogenic deposits in the form of the greatest expansion of novel minerals in the last 2.4 billion years and development of ubiquitous materials, such as plastics, present in the environment only in the last 60 years. Globally distributed spherical carbonaceous particles of fly ash represent another near-synchronous and permanent proxy. The artefacts we produce, the technofossils of the future, provide a decadal to annual stratigraphical resolution. These materials and deposits have in recent decades extended into the oceans and increasingly into the subsurface both onshore and offshore. These anthropogenic deposits are transported at rates exceeding those of the sediment carried by rivers by an order of magnitude, fluvial systems themselves showing widespread sediment retention in response to dam construction across most major river systems. The Anthropocene is evident in sediment and glacial ice strata as chemical markers. CO2 in the atmosphere has risen by ~45 percent above pre-Industrial Revolution levels, mainly through combustion of hydrocarbons over a few decades. Although average global temperature increases and resultant sea-level rises are still comparatively small, the shift to more negative δ13C values in tree-rings, limestones, speleothems, calcareous fossils and δ13CO2 in ice forms a permanent record. Nitrogen and phosphorus contents in surface soils has approximately doubled through increased use of fertilizers to increase agricultural yields as the human population has also doubled in the last 50 years. Industrial metals such as Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, Zn and persistent organic compounds have been widely and rapidly dispersed. A clear novel signature is radioactive fallout from atomic weapons testing, initiated in 1945 but becoming global in 1952 and in the case of Pu239 representing a long-lasting marker event. The Earth still has most of its complement of biological species, though many now as small populations: current trends of habitat loss and predation, if maintained, will push the Earth into the sixth mass extinction event in the next few centuries. Dramatic elapsed changes include trans-global species invasions and population modification through agricultural development on land and contamination of coastal zones. Although these changes are not synchronous, within near coastal environments microfauna/flora commonly show pronounced assemblage changes in the mid-20th century.
Considering the entire range of environmental changes reflected in stratigraphic signatures, the global, large and rapid scale of change related to the mid-20th century is clearly distinct from previous Holocene signatures, consistent with interpretation of the Anthropocene as a potential epoch.


We study a dilute system of the isotropic classical Heisenberg spins coupled via the Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida interaction using a hybrid Monte Carlo spin-dynamics method. We find strong evidence of the occurrence of a spin-glass phase at finite, nonzero temperatures, contrary to previous predictions. We suggest that the spin-glass phase of this system can be characterized by a power-law decay of spin correlations


Building a learning-typed Marxist political party is a major strategic task proposed by the Communist Party of China's 17 Fourth Plenary Session.The Party Centre Group of Henan University of Technology attaches great importance to the study of political theory,constantly improves the learning system and emphasizes the innovative learning methods so as to ensure learning effect by integrating theory with practice,aiming at promoting the development of the university.


Stress has become a universal and common challenge for the employee's productivity to organization. In modern era we cannot ignore the reality of stress at any workplace. The aim of this study is to examine the impact of job stress at workplace on performance of employee. A sample of 100 employees from the different industries of Chhattisgarh was used for this survey. The main aim of the research study is to explore the stress related problems of employees and to find out the relationship between stress and performance of employee and the impact of stress on employee performance. The results of this study shows that all these factors of stress cause stress in all sectors in Chhattisgarh and negatively impacts their performance.


The design of destination and attraction-specific brochures is examined, with particular reference to attributes of attractiveness and utility. Results from three focus groups are employed to generate hypotheses, which can be tested. Implications are drawn on the design and use of brochures and their role in trip motivation and destination choice.


For Frantz Fanon, a French West Indian psychiatrist and philosopher of the 20th century, decolonisation ends otherness. In his view, the construction of the Self-Other binary can and must be brought to an end with the struggle for independence – the latter being a response to violence, and therefore being necessarily tied to violence. Seeing alterity between global North and South as the carrier of Self-Other relations in human history, Fanon addresses the issue of otherness by theorising a New Humanity that, stemming from and following violent action, overcomes alterity by transcending the dichotomy between coloniser and colonised. 'To shoot down a European is [...] to destroy an oppressor and the man he oppresses at the same time: there remain a dead man, and a free man' (Sartre, 1961, p. 19).


Objective:To determinate pinelia temate suitable plant depth provide scientific evidence.Methods:use plant and row spacing 8×15cm,sowing depth are 5cm,10cm,15cm,20cm compare with sowing depth 8cm,index of pinelia temate fresh yield and grain weight,calculate yield increase percentage.Results:The result shows,plant too deep or too shallow could not get the purpose of yield increase.Sowing depth is 10cm increase yield greatest;average increase yield is 22.95%.Conclusion Appropriate sowing depth could increase yield and quality of ShangLuo pinelia temate.


Pore structure in cement based composites is of paramount importance to ionic diffusivity. In this paper, pore structure in cement paste is modeled by means of the recently proposed solid mass fractal model. Moreover, an enhanced Maxwell homogenization method that incorporates the solid mass fractal model is proposed to determine the associated ionic diffusivity. Experiments are performed to validate the modeling, that is, mercury intrusion porosimetry and rapid chloride migration. Results indicate that modeling agrees well with those obtained from experiments.


Salmonellosis is a frequently occurring disease in Europe. Through their national surveillance systems, the European Union (EU) Member States collect a substantial amount of information on cases of salmonellosis, which may be used to gain new insights into the epidemiological characteristics of the many different Salmonella serotypes. One simple approach to this is by visualising the spatial distribution of the cases on maps.


Objective:To explore the clinical value of ultrasound-guided percutaneous needle lung biopsy in the pleura and peripheral pulmonary disease.Methods:All 106 cases of out-patient and inpatient,before puncture,X-Ray,CT or MRI examination were performend,patients who revealed pleura or peripheral pulmonary disease,for large lesions treated by ultrasound-guided needle biopsy gun and small lesions by fine-needle.Results:All 106 cases of patients with pleura and periphral pulmonary disease with percutaneous successfully for one time,35 cases were benign and 71 cases were malignant.Conclusion:Ultrasound-guided percutaneous needle lung biopsy in the pleura and peripheral pulmonary disease has the advantages of simple,accurate,safe,minimally invasive and few complication.


The report aimed to summarize the introduction and other problems of A. hygrophila in China and to promote the application in biological control of Agasicles hygrophila Selma Vogt. We reviewed the progress of A. hygrophila from different ecological conditions, breeding techniques and controlling effect in the paper. Finally, we also put forward some suggestions on A. hygrophila controlling Alternanthera phitoxeroides in China.


Due to the uprising of social media, Fake News is becoming a bigger problem. Anyone can share anything on social media and the quantity of these posts on a daily basis is enormous so some sort of automatization in detecting Fake News is required. In order to stimulate developing these kind of techniques, the Fake News Challenge was created in 2017 which had numerous universities across the world compete in it. The goal of the challenge was to predict the stance from an article towards a headline. The aim of this thesis is to build a better machine learning model than the submissions of 2017 with newer NLP techniques. For this research, the submission of the UCL machine reading team was replicated and newer models were used to improve the score of the UCL machine reading team. This resulted in using three different BERT models. From the experiments it was clear that the basic version of BERT, finetuned on the FNC data set, was the best model. It improved the result of the UCL team with a relative FNC-1 score improvement of 4.13, concluding that is possible to improve the submission of 2017 with newer NLP-techniques.


Basing on the dyeing dynamics and thermodynamics of PLA fibers with disperse navy blue HGL200,the effect of the dyeing capabilities and mechanical property of the PLA fibers by adding the accelerating agent into the dye bath was discussed,it was found that: the equilibrium adsorption quantity and the uptake rate of disperse dyes was higher than not adding at 100?℃.The type of adsorption isotherm was to the composite type of Langmuir and Nerst from the Nerst as the accelerating agent added into the dye bath.The distribution coefficient of dyes on PLA fibers to the dyeing bath and the equilibrium adsorption quantity increased when adding the accelerating agent into the dyeing bath.


: During the ″Ninth Five-Year Plan″ period, there are significant exploratory results showed by a series of new discoveries, including two petroleum accumulation belts of Mobei and Sangequan, discovering and developing three gasfields of Sha'nan, Shinan and Hutubi, which made are historic breakthrough in exploration of northern Tianshan mountain front area. Based on such exploration results and Geological knowledge, this paper suggested conceptions of compound petroleum system and richening petroleum system, established two exploration patterns suited to Luliang uplift area and the central depression area respectively, namely paying attention to their own peculiar migration and accumulation patterns, corresponding to former off oil-source, along ridge, faults controlled, step shape occurrence, and latter deep source origin, migration and accumulation into shallower zones. It is pointed out that the exploration strategy for Xinjiang Oilfield Company during the Tenth Five-Year Plan period should be summarized as "Focusing on wildcat, discovery, optimum drilling programming, to obtain best benefit". Strategically this has to be carried out the procedure in three steps: deployment, breakthrough and allround standby action. The important targets regions are the inherent positive tectonic elements and their slope areas of three compound petroleum systems: Mahu-Well Pen 1 west, Changji and Dongdaohaizi-Dajing. The first important target formations are Cretaceous, Jurassic and lower Tertiary, with paying attention to Carboniferous-Triassic as well as the exploration of deep-buried giant structures.


SUMMARY Muscle waste in cancer cachexia, proteolytic mechanism The cachexia associated to neoplasm is a syndrome characterized by a remarkable loss of weight, anorexia, loss of muscle mass and anemia. In fact, a high percentage of patients who die of advanced cancer show cachexia. The cachexia condition is associated with the presence and the growth of tumor that produces a condition of malnutrition as a consequence of anorexia. On the other hand, the metabolic disorders and the competence for nutrients between tumoral and normal cells induce an accelerated condition of wear out of patients. Though, it is certain that this accelerated wear out is caused by anorexia and the metabolic disorders that produce the hypermetabolism, all together explain to a great extent the events present in this syndrome however, the molecular disfunctios cannot be left aside. In this sense the proteolytic system is of great importance, in animal models with developed tumors as in patients with cancer, it is observed an increase in the expression and activity of the proteolyses system; both, lysosomal and non lysosomal, in particular the proteolytic system dependent of ATP and ubiquitin "proteasome".


We present a summary of the International conference "Problems of practical cosmology", held at Russian Geographical Society, 23-27 June 2008, St.-Petersburg, Russia, where original reports were offered for discussion of new developments in modern cosmological physics, including the large scale structure of the Universe, the evolution of galaxies, cosmological effects in the local stellar systems, gravity physics for cosmology, cosmological models, and crucial observational tests of rival world models. The term "Practical Cosmology" was introduced by Allan Sandage in 1995 when he formulated "23 astronomical problems for the next three decades" at the conference on "Key Problems in Astronomy and Astrophysics" held at Canary Islands. Now when the first decade has passed, we can summarise the present situation in cosmological physics emphasizing interesting hot problems that have arisen during the last decade. Full texts of all reports are available at the website of the conference.


Objective– To clarify the association between past and present history of allergic disorders and neurologic diseases. Methods– The past and present history of common allergic disorders together with family history was prospectively studied in all out‐patients at the Department of Neurology at Kyushu University Hospital from March 1998 to February 2000. Results– Among 3113 out‐patients, 2152 (69.1%) completed a questionnaire. Myelitis showed a statistically significant increase of concomitant atopic dermatitis (P=0.006) and concomitant and past atopic dermatitis (P=0.014), as compared with neurologically healthy controls. Moreover, patients with lower motoneuron disease (LMND) had a statistically significant increase of past and concomitant asthma (P=0.007). None of the other common neurologic diseases showed any increase of allergic disorders when compared with controls. Conclusions– The present study supports the significant association between allergic disorders and such spinal cord diseases as myelitis and LMND in Japanese patients.


Current antimicrobial therapy against tuberculosis (TB) requires a long and complex treatment regimen, which is related to the ability of the causative pathogen, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, to persist in a semi-dormant state despite prolonged antimicrobial exposure. Relapse rates remain conceivable after apparently successful treatment with 6-month short-course regimens and attempts to shorten the treatment with introduction of fluoroquinolones have so far been futile. Poor treatment adherence and suboptimal programmatic performance are breeding drug resistance, threatening TB control worldwide. Host defence appears to be a crucial factor in containing the activity of the invading pathogen as only a small fraction of infected individuals will ever develop TB in their lifetime, and the TB risk is strongly influenced by many host factors, such as HIV infection, silicosis, nutritional status and diabetes mellitus (DM), among others. In a 1:1 propensity score-matched analysis using data from a large longitudinal health insurance database in Taiwan, Lin et al. showed 76% reduction in TB risk among 5026 diabetic patients put on metformin as compared with 5026 non-metformin users, after adjusting for co-morbidities, diabetic complications, antidiabetic therapy type and statin use. Being one of the largest longitudinal studies published to date, the study also found progressively larger protective effect with higher cumulative daily dose of metformin. Consistent association was observed between metformin use and active TB risk in most subgroup analyses but the protective effect diminished with increasing age. Direct data on diabetic control, a key confounder in relation to TB risk, were not available. However, in another longitudinal study from the same locality, metformin use was associated with 44% reduction in mortality during TB treatment, even though metformin users had a higher haemoglobin A1c level than non-users, thus suggesting a protective effect independent of diabetic control. The sizeable protective effects of metformin in the two studies mentioned above suggest a potential role of metformin as host-directed therapy in the treatment of both latent TB infection and active TB. However, confounding by indication is a common pitfall in observation studies. As expected, substantial differences were seen in the baseline characteristics between metformin users and non-users in either study. Despite rigorous attempts to control potential confounders by propensity matching and/or adjustment in multivariate regression, residual confounding is not easy to exclude, especially in view of the considerable inter-correlation among the large number of predicting variables and only modest numbers of disease endpoints. Although most of the available observational studies did show some protective effects of metformin on TB, there were also notable discrepancies in their observations. For example, while a case–control study in an Indian tertiary hospital showed a 3.9-fold protective effect of metformin against TB, no difference in protective effect was found between the 1000and 500-mg doses, in sharp contrast with the dose-dependent effect found in the study by Lin et al. In another retrospective cohort study undertaken in Korea on patients with culturepositive pulmonary TB, metformin use had no significant effect on sputum culture conversion at 2 months and recurrence within 1 year of treatment completion in the overall analysis, even though there was improved sputum culture conversion rate in a subgroup analysis of patients with cavitary pulmonary TB. Randomized trials are therefore indispensable in delineating of the exact role(s) of metformin before its introduction into clinical practices. Metformin is commonly used as first-line therapy in DM. Its well-established pharmacokinetic profiles and relatively good safety records are likely to expedite its entry into clinical trials as an adjunctive host-directed therapeutic agent against TB. Although the drug has also been investigated in pre-diabetic and other nondiabetic conditions, all available observation studies supporting its protective effect against TB were restricted to patients with DM. It therefore remains to be determined whether such protective effect, if confirmed, is generalizable to non-diabetic subjects. Furthermore, preclinical studies on the adjunctive role of metformin in the treatment of TB in two different non-diabetic mouse models showed rather disparate results. In the study by Singhal et al., metformin ameliorated lung pathology, reduced chronic inflammation and enhanced the specific immune response and the efficacy of isoniazid or ethionamide monotherapy in C57BL/6 mice, while in the study by Dutta et al., metformin did not reduce lung bacillary burdens or the relapse rate of chronic TB in BALB/c mice when given in combination with the standard short-course regimen of isoniazid, rifampicin and pyrazinamide. Further animal studies will be needed to resolve this critical discrepancy. As a proof-of-concept study on hostdirected therapy, it may also be particularly relevant to examine the effects of metformin, if any, in animal models (e.g. C3HeB/FeJ Mice) showing histological lesions with necrotic granuloma formation resembling those of human TB. For any therapy directed towards the host, potential influences of the baseline host status on treatment efficacy cannot be easily excluded. Careful stratification of patients by diabetic and other host factors would


THE medical problems associated with diving have only recently started to attract interest in this country. Drowning is, of course, nothing new; but today the hazards inherent in the use of compressed-air diving apparatus are assuming increasing importance with the proliferation of such equipment. This arttele is a review of occupational mortality and morbidity in a population of native pearl divers in the Torres Straits. Twenty-six fate.l diving accidents and 51 cases of decompression sickness are considered. The material has been drawn from personal experience as Medical Officer at the Thursday Island Hospital and time spent diving with the pearllng fleet, from hospital records and from the coroners' flIes.


Attention to the sociophysical context of everyday life has proven to be informative in understanding many aspects of wellbeing. This paper considers the extent to which one's relationship with place, defined as one's geographic residential community, is related to one's perceptions of quality of life. Sense of place is conceptualised as representing the psychological dimensions of person-place relationships, including place identity (cognitive), place attachment (emotive) and place dependence (behavioural. Adults in several rural communities of Queensland Australia completed a survey including the Comprehensive Quality of Life scale (Cummins, 1997) and the Sense of Place survey Qorgensen & Stedman,2001). Findings indicated moderate correlations between the total ComQol score and place attachment (r = .31), identity (.29) and dependence (.33). Investigation of the individual domains of ComQol showed material wellbeing and emotional wellbeing to be most strongly related to all aspects of sense of place, whereas relationship wellbeing was related to attachment and dependence, and community participation to identity. Consideration of the different aspects of sense of place in relation to quality of life are discussed.


This guide will supply students and faculty with resources within the physical library, in our proprietary databases and on the Internet Religions practiced in Japan such as Shintoism, Buddhism, and Christianity


The two key enzymes of denitrification, the nitrate and nitrate reductases, were studied in a marine organism, Pseudomonas nautica, strain 617. Both enzymes were grown under anaerobic conditions with either nitrate or nitrous oxide as electron acceptor. The effect of sodium on these enzymes was studied. Only sodium activated the membranous and purified nitrate reductase, and none of the salts affected nitrite reductase.


This study aims to determine what influences financial reporting timeliness in the context of Islamic listed companies. It seeks to identify whether profitability, managerial ownership, institutional ownership, opinion of public accountants, and activity ratios influence financial reporting timeliness of companies listed in the Jakarta Islamic Index (JII), Indonesia. Sample consists of 24 companies which are listed on the JII during the study period of five years (2014- 2018). Using multiple linear regression analysis, it was revealed that all of the independent variables consisting of profitability, management ownership, institutional ownership, public accountant opinion, and activity ratios, have significant influence on financial reporting timeliness of firms listed on the Jakarta Islamic Index (JII). This implies that even within Islamic listed companies, financial reporting timeliness is very much dependent on various company attributes hence the company performance in terms of profitability as well as other factors of ownership structure and operational efficiency such as activity ratio seems to align well with their decisions to report timely. The importance of financial reporting timeliness shall even be more prevalent for companies listed at the Islamic index due to their association with the distinctive characteristics of shariah requirements.


The Bright Ages Survey is a K-band-selected redshift survey over six separate fields with UBVRIzJHK imaging covering a total of 75.6 arcmin 2 and reaching K = 20-20.5. Two fields have deep HST imaging, while all are centered on possible overdensities in the z ~ 2 range. Here we report photometric redshifts and spectroscopy for this sample, which has been described in Paper I. We find 18 galaxies with spectroscopic redshifts of z > 1.5. The derived rest-frame R-band luminosity functions show strong evolution out to z = 2. The luminosity function at z = 2 shows more bright galaxies than at any other epoch, even the extrapolated z = 3 luminosity function from Shapley et al. However, the R-band integrated luminosity density remains roughly constant from to z = 0.5 to z = 2. Evolved galaxies (E, S0, Sa) show a decreasing contribution to the total R-band luminosity density with redshift. The dust extinction in our K-selected sample is moderately larger [median z = 2 E(B - V) = 0.30] than that found in Lyman break galaxies, although not enough to make a significant impact on the total light or star formation found at high redshift. We measure the extinction-corrected star formation rate density at z = 2, finding ρSFR(z = 1.5-2.5) = 0.093 M☉ yr-1 Mpc-3, consistent with a relatively flat instantaneous star formation rate from z = 1-4.


This paper proposes a novel three-phase ac-ac converter topology based on Z-source concept. It could provide buck-boost function and make the role of frequency changer. Compared with the traditional ac-dc-ac converter, it uses fewer devices and realizes direct ac-ac power conversion, so as to have higher efficiency and better circuit characteristics. Compared with the traditional matrix converter, it provides wider voltage regulation range and improves input-output voltage transformation ratio. It is better to be applied in electrical transmission. The circuit topology, operating principle, control method and simulation results are given in this paper, and the rationality and feasibility is verified.


Drawing on the concepts of securitisation and desecuritisation, the article argues that the construction of security threats does not necessarily have to relate to their threat potential, but can be instrumentalised and utilised by competing actors for specific aims. Using the example of the Austrian Ministry of the Interior and the Austrian tabloid press, the article scrutinises how West-European security-political and media actors reacted to the challenges of the 2007 Schengen enlargement. With reference to Balzacq's "three faces of securitisation" it shows that the tabloids' securitising strategy proved to be more successful than the ministry's desecuritising strategy, because the newly emerged context did not support a congruence of the audience's frame of reference and the ministry's speech act.


Advances in our understanding of the molecular biology of thyroid tumours is being rapidly translated into their clinical management. This review summarizes the current use of molecular testing in thyroid tumours, focusing on their usefulness as diagnostic and prognostic tools to guide treatment with consideration of present limitations.


In this paper we present a comprehensive existence theory for linear and nonlinear reaction random walk systems. The methods are based on semigroup theory for solutions of difierential equations on Ba- nach spaces. The solution properties on a bounded domain sensitively depend on the choice of boundary conditions. For Neumann or for peri- odic boundary conditions, singularities are transported along characteris- tics and the solutions form a group. Surprisingly, for Dirichlet boundary conditions, singularities are washed out, the problem regularizes in flnite time, and the solution operator forms a semigroup. Furthermore, we study the relation to damped wave equations and reaction- telegraph equations. The relation between random walk models and tele- graph equations for Neumann and periodic boundary conditions requires a compatibility condition of the initial condition. For Dirichlet boundary conditions, however, there is no direct relation between the random walk model and the telegraph equation.


To improve the inversion accuracy of cloud phase,the idea of moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer(MODIS) cloud detection algorithm credibility and MODIS cloud detection methods were used,combining with the spectral characteristics of MODIS multicenter,and high pixel credibility for retrieval of cloud phase was provided.The differences of cloud phase's spectrum were analyzed,and appropriate characteristic parameters selected,with the inversion of cloud phase based on the method of support vector machine.The cloud top particle phase of the rainstorm on July 7th 2009 was analyzed and significant results presented.The conelusions are that the good results of cloud detection help to improve the accuracy of cloud phase inversion,and that support vector machine approach to the inversion of cloud phase is feasible,and of with high accuracy the inversion results.


The only two Nakhlite meteorites, Nakhla and Lafayette, are identical in mineral composition, consisting of augite (Wo39En38Fs23), olivine (Fo32–35), plagioclase (An27), K-feldspar (Or75Ab22An3), titaniferous magnetite with exsolved ilmenite, iddingsite (?), and minor amounts of fluor-chlorapatite, FeS, pyrite, chalcopyrite, and K-rich glass. The texture is suggestive of a cumulative origin.


The control and management of water is a difficult problem to be solved by the Ngaounderes municipal authorities. On one hand rainwater gullying and wasting affect the infrastructures; on the other hand when it is possible for houses to get water it is not obvious after use neither to evacuate nor to treat it after use. The aim of this paper is to evaluate methods of fighting against rainwater and the management of clean water in this town and afterwards to make propositions in order to ameliorate them. To achieve our aim we proceeded by inquiries observations and direct measurements in the field. What emerges from them is: the fight against rainwater damages is mainly individual the lack of gutters in many districts is the main cause of intense erosion which damages houses on slopes and buries them downstream getting clean water is nowadays still difficult in many quarters the system of paying taps water has seriously reduced the waste of water resource there is no canal of evacuation or wastewater treatment stations. Facing such a situation without any reaction from the administration the population of Ngaoundere has developed strategies worth ameliorating and popularising. (authors)


Abstract Allyl, dimethylallyl, crotyl, and prenyl ethers of various aromatic ortho-hydroxy carbonyl compounds undergo a tandem sequence of Claisen rearrangement, carbonyl olefination, and cyclization upon microwave irradiation in the presence of a stabilized ylide. The products are multiply substituted 6- or 8-allylated or prenylated coumarins (2H-chromen-2-ones).


This paper deals with networked control systems with random long time-delay problem. According to the actual time-delay, we design a discrete model of networked control systems and propose a fuzzy controller based on parallel distributing compensation theory. The method to design membership function is also presented. Lyapunov theory and linear matrix inequality are used to derive the sufficient conditions that guarantee the stability of networked control systems. A simulation example illustrating the proposed method is given.


Acceleration time histories of horizontal earthquake ground motion are obtained by inverting the discrete Fourier transform, which is defined by modelling the probability distribution of the Fourier phase differences conditional on the Fourier amplitude.


The present study tested associations among difficulties in emotion regulation and driving styles.One-hundred and thirty seven Argentinean drivers completed self-report measures of difficulties inemotion regulation and driving styles. As expected, greater difficulties in different types of emotionregulation abilities were related to anxious, angry, dissociative and risky driving. By contrast, lesserdifficulties in regulating emotions were associated with careful driving. Stepwise multiple regressionanalysis revealed a differential contribution of specific types of emotion regulation abilities toeach driving style. Importance of assessing emotional skills in candidates' examination to obtain/renewal driving license and emotion regulation based-interventions for drivers with maladaptivedriving behaviors is emphasized. Limitations and future directions are also discussed.Keywords: Difficulties in emotion regulation, driving styles, Traffic Psychology.


Flexible manageme is a kind of soft management which focuses on "human-orientation" and humanity.The paper introduces the basic theory of teacher's flexible management,such as its development,its connotation and its characteristics.The paper also puts forward several countermeasures.


Violations of the labor safety regulation and disregard of the rules concerning work performance are the main causes of industrial accidents. Labor safety propaganda should be organized at each enterprise. Propaganda teaches workers to have clearly perceived need to comply with the requirements for safe work performance, and is also an integral part of injury prevention. The paper presents the results of improving the safety of the work of the signaler and an automobile crane operator by means of promoting labor safety. The main traumatic factors for the above professions were identified. They are: the work of the machine operator, not performed at the signal of the signaler; work with a faulty safety lock, as well as work with faulty safety devices and faulty equipment; unloaded cargo at the end of work and during work breaks, excess load capacity; performance of works when there are people in the danger zone (unfenced territory), and as a result, presence of the injured person in the danger zone of the crane work; contact with electric current, in the absence of grounding of the crane. For each identified factor, a poster was developed reminding of the need to comply with labor safety rules. The developed posters were introduced into production during the operation of automobile cranes in the Izhevsk branch of Federal State Unitary Enterprise "Main Military Construction Directorate No. 7" (FGUP "GVSU No. 7").


The invention relates to a PREVENTIVE PROTECTION FOR MATERIALS PROCESS AGAINST PESTS LIVING permanently or temporarily ON EARTH, ESPECIALLY TERMITE. HERE STANDING ONE OR MORE LAYERS WITH INERT PARTICLES LOCK WITH A sharp edge grain size 0.001 to 30 mm (measured as DIN 4188) and / or inert particles spherical with a diameter of 0.5 to 5.0mm AROUND AND / OR THE SUBJECT MATTER TO BE PROTECTED.


The aim of this work was to model the moisture content (MC) and drying rate (DR) using artificial neural network (ANN) methodology. Many architectures have been tested and the best topology was selected based on a trial and error method. The dataset was randomly divided into 60, 20, and 20 % for training, test, and validation stage of the ANN model, respectively. The best topology was 10-{29-13}-2 obtained with high correlation coefficient R (%) of {99.98, 98.41} and low root mean square error RMSE (%) (0.36, 6.29) for MC and DR, respectively. The obtained ANN can be used to interpolate the MC and DR with high accuracy.


This article introduces an intelligent blind rod and navigation platform based on ZigBee technology. This blind rod can detect and analyze the situation on road and warn the blind to avoid obstacles by ultrasonic measurement. The navigation platform based on ZigBee technology can help the blind know different directions the path leads to. This intelligent blind rod can better serve for the blind's independent travel.


Several experiments have shown an anomaly in the stopping power which appears to be greater for incident heavy particles in condensed media than in gases. It is suggested that this anomaly is characteristic of incident ions, i.e., of particles that are not completely stripped of orbital electrons, and it seems to be due to the reaction of the perturbed medium upon the moving ion having charge $\mathrm{Ze}$, which reaction results in a field $F=(\frac{1}{\mathrm{Ze}})(\frac{\mathrm{dW}}{\mathrm{dz}})$ acting against the motion of the ion ($\frac{\mathrm{dW}}{\mathrm{dz}}$ is the energy loss per cm). Although $F$ is relatively weak in gases, it is substantial in condensed media and may cause the spontaneous emission of electrons carried by the ion (autoionization), thus increasing the ions' effective charge. The higher effective charge accounts for the higher stopping power in condensed media. It has been determined that when an incident helium atom passing through a liquid undergoes a collision, thus emerging in a singly ionized and excited state, it cannot exist in such a state since it becomes instantly doubly ionized. However, the same type of collision occurring in a gas leaves the atom singly ionized. The effective charge of the incident particle depends upon the values ${\ensuremath{\varphi}}_{0}$, ${\ensuremath{\varphi}}_{1}$, and ${\ensuremath{\varphi}}_{2}$, representing the probability of the particle's being neutral, singly ionized, and doubly ionized, respectively, where ${\ensuremath{\varphi}}_{0}:{\ensuremath{\varphi}}_{1}:{\ensuremath{\varphi}}_{2}={\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{10}{\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{21}:{\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{01}{\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{21}:{\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{01}{\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{12}$ (${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{\mathrm{if}}$ represents the cross section for electron loss or capture; $i$ and $f$ represent the charge before and after the event, respectively). It is shown that ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{\mathrm{if}}$ is higher for a condensed medium than for a gas when $ilf$ and lower when $igf$. ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{\mathrm{if}}$ has been calculated for He passing through argon gas at 400 kev, and gives roughly ${\ensuremath{\varphi}}_{0}:{\ensuremath{\varphi}}_{1}:{\ensuremath{\varphi}}_{2}=0.05:0.75:0.20$; thus, an average square charge is ${〈{\ensuremath{\epsilon}}^{2}〉}_{\mathrm{Av}}=1.55{e}^{2}$. If autoionization is taken into account, ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{\mathrm{if}}$ for He in liquid argon gives roughly ${\ensuremath{\varphi}}_{0}:{\ensuremath{\varphi}}_{1}:{\ensuremath{\varphi}}_{2}=0.04:0.70:0.26$, and thus ${〈{\ensuremath{\epsilon}}^{2}〉}_{\mathrm{Av}}=1.74{e}^{2}$.


Aquatic ecosystems and processes exhibit a high degree of spatial and temporal heterogeneity, which presents significant challenges for their monitoring. In this paper we report a novel underwater robot, called gliding robotic fish, as an emerging platform for mobile sensing in aquatic environments that can potentially provide high spatiotemporal coverage. The robot represents a hybrid of an underwater glider and a robotic fish, and is capable of exploiting gliding to achieve energy-efficient locomotion while using a fish-like active tail to achieve high maneuverability. Preliminary field-test results are presented, where the robot was used to sample the Kalamazoo River and the Wintergreen Lake in Michigan for concentrations of crude oil and harmful algae, respectively.