Stable aqueous colloids of 10-nm sized organic nanoparticles were tailored by laser ablation of microcrystalline quinacridone in water. The nanocolloids were flaky in shape and had the dimension of a width of 13 (±5) nm and a height of 1.4 (±0.5) nm. The formation mechanism is discussed in terms of laser-induced fragmentation of organic solids and the potential application of aqueous organic nanocolloids free from any additives and chemicals is considered.


Moses is a great figure of moral and social liberation. His role in the Muslim tradition has been as multifaceted as in Judaism and Christianity. This essay attempts to explore his importance in the ideology of radical Islam by exploring Sayyid Qutb's responses to a number of the Moses scenes of the Qur'an in his work Fi zilal al‐qur'an. Qutb's treatment reveals aspects of the ideological structure that informs his writing, his love of Egypt and his spirituality. It shows, also, how he had a vision of Islam that went far beyond the boundaries of a nation state and regarded Nasser as a betrayer of this vision. He saw the Egyptians suffering under him as they had suffered under Pharoah.


Electrically operable switch (100 ', 200') having the following features: a first electrode (102); a second electrode (104); and an active region (306) disposed therebetween, wherein the active region a first primary active region (308) and a second primary active region (308 '), each of which comprises at least one material for transporting and receiving of ions, which act as dopants to control the flow of electrons through the switch, and having a secondary active region (310) disposed between the first primary active region and the second primary active region and at least one material for providing a source / sink of ionic dopants for the primary active regions (308, 308 ') has.


The thesis deals with oikonyms and anoikonyms in the area of former German language island in Moravia – Wachtl-Deutsch Brodek (Skřipov-Brodek u Konice). The oikonyms and anoikonyms have been collected, described and analysed. A commentary aimed to their creation, etymology and development has been also added.


Reactive power compensation is a main predicament in the control of electric power system. Reactive power from the source increases the transmission losses and decreases the power transmission aptitude of the transmission lines. In adding together, reactive power must not be transmitted throughout the transmission line to a longer distance. Accordingly Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS) devices such as static compensator (STATCOM) unified power flow controller (UPFC) and static volt-ampere compensator (SVC) are worn to effortlessness these problems. The unified power flow controller is the primarily pliable and composite power electronic apparatus that has emerged as the very important paraphernalia for the control and optimization of power flow in electrical power transmission system. This paper made an effort to achieve the performance analysis of UPFC using ANN controller in MATLAB Simulink surroundings. The performance of UPFC was analyzed in terms of the Source power factor, load power factor, THD of load voltage and THD of source current. The Source power factor, load power factor, THD of load voltage and THD of source current of ANN as compared with PI and Fuzzy Controller were gritty by simulation studies. It is observed that the UPFC under ANN controller is having good source power factor, load power factor, THD of load voltage and THD of source current. Hence ANN controller is performing better than PI and Fuzzy controller. Also the proposed ANN based UPFC also improves the power factor near to unity and reduce the reactive power drawn from the diesel generator compared to Fuzzy based UPFC. The real and reactive power co ordination control technique for the UPFC using ANN control model can be easily achieved.


1. Breeding distributions of 11 woodpecker species in the 98 Japanese Islands and neighboring islands were analysed from the ecological viewpoint.2. The number of breeding species tends to be larger in larger islands.3. Among the five species which breed both in the mainland and outlying islands, the occurrence in the outlying islands differs in relation to the size and remoteness of islands.4. The two species coexisting in an outlying small island are those which are markedly dissimilar in their body sizes and ecology. The body size ratios of larger to smaller species are more than 1.4, 1.8, 3.4 in the wing length, culmen length and body weight, respectively.5. The nonexistent combinations such as D. leucotos/D. major, P. awokera/D. leucotos or P. awokera/D. major are considered to be prevented from occurring by the ecological incompatibility between the two species, not by the absence of a chance to meet each other.6. Triplet-type combinations are also those which are effective in reducing the competition to a minimum in an island.


Charged particle multiplicity distribution in proton emulsion and pion-neon collisions have been calculated on the basis of two step production mechanisms for the secondary particles. It has been compared with the experimental results to see if the emission of secondaries from the different excited centres inside the target nucleus is correlated or uncorrelated. It is found that the experimentally observed forward-backward asymmetry in the charged secondaries in P-P collisions falls short of explaining the multiplicity distribution in hadron-nucleus collisions. Probability distribution for the number of collisions made by hadrons inside various nuclei is also given. §I. Introduction It has been fairly well established that the multiplicity in hadron-nucleus collisions shows only a weak dependence on the mass number A of the target nucleus. Recent studies 1l, 2l with nuclear emulsions exposed to accelerator beams clearly show that if we exclude the coherent production processes, then the results indicate the concentration of the nuclear multiplication effects more or less in the target fragmentation region only. As a matter of fact the indication for such a trend came from early cosmic ray experiments. 3l The results of such experiment 4l, 5l are summarized in Table I; the corresponding log tan{} distribution is given in Fig. 1. The inference one can draw from this data is that if one goes from a light target like carbon to a heavier one like brass, then there is no increase in the number of secondaries in the forward hemisphere of the c.m. system (which cor responds to the beam fragmentation region). Whatever increase occurs in the number of secondary particles is in the backward hemispheres of the c.m. system which corresponds to the target fragmentation region. There have been quite a few attempts during the last few years 6J-g) where one has used the results from hadron-nucleus collisions to test the validity of different models like the multiperipheral, diffraction dissociation, the nova and the fragmen tation, etc. and also new models 10l have been put forward to explain the observed features in the angular distribution and multiplicity of charged secondaries in colli sions involving nuclei (for more details see Refs. 11) and 12)). In this paper, assuming a simple picture for the collisions involving nuclei, we calculate the charged multiplicity distribution in such collisions and compare it with the observed one. This is done for proton-emulsion and pion-neon collisions, since we have


Epidemiological data indicate that gastric cancer (GC) remains highly prevalent in the world, although its global incidence is declining [1]. It is the third leading cause of cancer death and a significant health burden in China [2-4]. At the time of diagnosis, around 50% of GC cases are already locally advanced or metastatic [5, 6] and can no longer be considered for curative surgical treatment [7]. The prognosis for these patients is poor [4]. Previous studies efforts have mainly focused on the improvements in chemotherapy and targeted therapy of advanced GC. So far, scientists have only found a few reagents that have shown to be effective against GC. However, the survival of GC patients treated with these reagents is marginal [8]. Therefore, novel therapeutic approaches to treat GC are urgently required. The success of immunotherapeutic strategies in other solid tumors, such as programmed death-1 (PD-1) blockade therapy, allow us to assert that immunotherapies can be a promising treatment strategies for advanced GC. Indeed, clinical trials (KEYNOTE-012 [9] and KEYNOTE-059 [10]) have shown that pembrolizumab, a humanized antibody PD-1 antibody, has a favorable safety profile and robust anti-tumor activity in programmed cell death ligand 1(PD-L1) positive advanced GC patients. Recently, another PD-1 antibody, nivolumab, has also been demonstrated to have similar efficacy in treating chemotherapy-refractory PD-L1 non-selected


The thermal properties of hydrodynamical simulations of galaxy clusters are usually compared to observations by relying on the emission-weighted temperature T_ew, instead of on the spectroscopic X-ray temperature T_spec, which is obtained by actual observational data. Here we show that, if the intra-cluster medium is thermally complex, T_ew fails at reproducing T_spec. We propose a new formula, the spectroscopic-like temperature, T_sl, which approximates T_spec better than a few per cent. By analyzing a set of hydrodynamical simulations of galaxy clusters, we also find that T_sl is lower than T_ew by 20-30 per cent. As a consequence, the normalization of the M-T relation from the simulations is larger than the observed one by about 50 per cent. If masses in simulated clusters are estimated by following the same assumptions of hydrostatic equilibrium and beta-model gas density profile, as often done for observed clusters, then the M-T relation decreases by about 40 per cent, and significantly reduces its scatter. Based on this result, we conclude that using the observed M-T relation to infer the amplitude of the power spectrum from the X--ray temperature function could bias low sigma_8 by 10-20 per cent. This may alleviate the tension between the value of sigma_8 inferred from the cluster number density and those from cosmic microwave background and large scale structure.


A never-ending fight is taking place among malware creators and security experts as the advances in malware are daunting. The machine learning strategies are indeed the new mode of researching malware. The purpose of this chapter is to explore machine learning methods for malware recognition and in general deep learning methods. The chapter gives complete explanations of the techniques and resources used in a standard machine learning process for detecting malware. It examines the study issues that are posed by existing study methods and introduces the potential avenues of study in future. By administering a study to the participants, scholars have a better knowledge of the malware detections. The authors start by discussing simple dynamic modelling methods, their importance to the data analytics of malware, and their implementations. They use open access resources such as virustotal.com that review sample of dynamic analysis in reality.


This study explored African American girls' perceived racial/ethnic discrimination and teachers' perceptions to understand the unique impact of each on educational outcomes for African American girls compared to girls from other racial/ethnic groups. The sample included 2,384 7th grade girls. In this multi-informant study, girls completed a survey that included ratings of perceived teacher discrimination, teachers rated the girls on academic engagement and antisocial behavior, and end-of-the-year GPA for each girl was gathered from school records data. One-way ANOVA revealed a main effect of race/ethnicity, such that African American girls reported higher levels of racial/ethnic discrimination, had a lower GPA, and were rated by their teachers as less engaged and more anti-social compared to Asian, Latinx, and white girls. Regression analysis revealed that, compared to white and Asian girls, low teacher perceived engagement was related to lower achievement for African American girls. These results highlight the need to analyze the educational experiences that African American girls are facing.


In this paper, we provide a Gamma distribution to approximate composite Gamma-Gamma (Generalized-K or KG) distribution by using the moment matching method. Based on the approximate distribution, we propose a novel closed-form approximate upper bound of D-MIMO system. The proposed upper bound, which enable us to go further manipulations, only involves some simple functions. Starting from the approximate upper bound, we perform a high-SNR analysis and investigate the asymptotic behavior of the capacity in the following two cases: i) the number of receive antennas grows into infinity for the fixed average and total transmit power, and ii) the number of antennas at both ends grow large at a fixed ratio. It is demonstrated that the proposed approximate and the asymptotic upper bounds match accurately with the exact analytical expression.


ABSTRACT This study presents an in-depth analysis of the serve in men's singles tennis matches at Wimbledon based on game theory, with the quantitative tool of the stroke performance relevance (SPR) model. This model quantifies tennis tactics more precisely, taking "each stroke" as the observation unit, and it includes scoring, losing points, and sequential information. Unlike traditional methods that consider "each point", the SPR metrics captures the role of specific technical actions throughout the match more comprehensively. While standard serve data like aces and double faults have no significant impact on match outcomes, the serve SPR index does. In a game matrix model with two pure strategy Nash equilibria, both the winner and loser show higher SPR indices than those with fewer equilibria. Winners consistently exhibited a higher serve SPR index, indicating that the two pure strategy Nash equilibria significantly influenced match outcomes on grass courts. This underscores the role of tactical strategies and Nash equilibrium in determining match results, offering scientific and theoretical support for tennis athletes' and coaches' tactics.


The middle floor is an important part of steam turbine generator foundation.Based on analyzing its three common structural forms,a new form of middle floor is given;and technical economical comparison is made for the these forms.Some suggestions on the selection of structural form of middle floor are proposed.


The Dictionary of Pastoral Care and Counseling! (hereafter DPCC) is an historic book. It is both a text, conceived, authored, and edited by several persons, and the product of a movement's growing selfconsciousness. Most of its 581 editors and authors are leaders in the pastoral care and counseling (hereafter PCC) movement. Some work in allied fields. Most of them live and work in the United States, but some are in Canada (17), Britain (6), continental Europe (4), Africa (1), Israel (1), India (1), and Australia (1). They deserve our appreciation. They have brought a massive undertaking to a most satisfactory conclusion.


Two years ago I qualified as a staff nurse after three years of hard work, stress and tears. I then had to pay fees to register - ours is the only profession I know in which this happens - and continue to do so.


The invention discloses special compound fertilizer for drip irrigation of greenhouse grapes, which comprises the following nutrient elements based on fertilization ratio: 164.47kg hm of N, 77.08kg hm of P205, 256.47kg hm of K2O, 24.32kg hm of CaO, 12.538kg hm of MgO, 9.30kg hm of B, 6.36kg hm of Fe, 4.22kg hm of Mn, 1.21kg hm of Cu, 0.38kg hm of Zn and 0.35kg hm of Mo. On the basis of soil nutrient-supply characteristic and law of water and nutritional demand of the grapes, the special compound fertilizer for drip irrigation of the greenhouse grapes with strong applicability is obtained by a physical method through field experiments and check research.


[Objective] To observe the clinical efficacy Tianjiang Xueshuantong pills to treat hyperlipidemia.[Method] 62 patients with hyperlipidemia were randomly divided into two groups,the treatment group Tianjiang Xueshuantong pills treatment,the treatment of the control group Xuezhikang capsule.Both groups was 30 days for a course of treatment,even taking two courses to determine the efficacy of.[Results] The treatment group and the control group,the total efficiency of 87.5% and 70%,respectively,the efficacy of the treatment group than the control group.[Conclusion] The use of Tianjiang Xueshuantong pills significantly reliable clinical efficacy for the treatment of hyperlipidemia.


Based on our experience in the project 'The Importance of Being Digital: Exploring Digital Academic Practices and Methods', we narrate our different trajectories of engagement with digital methods and digital practices. Inspired by emerging scholarship that looks at prototypes as a cultural and epistemic form, we delve into an exploration of methods (both traditional and digital) as prototypes – open-ended, non-instrumental explorative devices – for our knowledge processes. By opening up the craft of our research we illustrate and discuss what 'digital ways of knowing' – ways of knowing inspired by digital practices – might look like, and which reconfigurations of knowledge practices and trajectories they could enable.


Objective:To Summarize the experience of atrail septal defecf (ASD) closure with occluder by minimally invasive operation. Methods:Six patients with ASD were treated by microcnvasive method to close ASD with special occluder device. The age of patients was 27 to 57 years. The diameter of ASD was 22 to 40mm. All patients were anaesthetized and a 2-3cm long incision was made in the 4th intercostal space of right side of sternum. All the cases were treated with special occluder device under the echocardiography guidance. Results:ASDs of 5 cases were successfully occluded. No Complications happened. They were discharged from the hospital 3 to 5 days after the operation. After 3 to 15 months tracing,no risidual shunt was found,heart size and function were improved. Conelusion:The minimally invasive operation to close ASD with special occluder device is safe and efficient. The Long-term follow-up remains to be studied. [


In this paper, on the basis of the research on the existing LED control systems, according to the actual application requirements, a LED display control system is completely designed. Moreover, there also has detailed analysis and realization in view of the key issues, at the same time the advanced technology of embedded system is introduced into the design process of the LED display system, which can improve the cost performance of the system, shorten the development cycle, and enhance the system scalability and maintainability.


Agent-based models have become important tools in ecology, particularly in the study of infectious disease dynamics. Simulations of near-continuous movement paths guided by empirical data offer new avenues of investigation into disease transmission. Here, we simulate the spatiotemporal transmission dynamics of anthrax, the acute disease caused by the bacterium Bacillus anthracis, a pathogen transmitted primarily via environmental reservoirs. We explore how calculations of the probabilities of contact between a host and infectious reservoirs are affected by the scale and method of analysis. At both the landscape and individual scales, empirical movement tracks offer previously unattainable estimates of impacts of movement decisions on contact rate metrics. However, the analytical method selected for the calculation of the probability of contact has notable impacts on the resulting estimates, with convex polygons virtually canceling out variation, and unions of local convex hulls (LoCoH methods) and space-time prisms reflecting reasonable variation, but differing in the magnitude of their estimates. The explicit consideration of behavioral states along movement pathways also impacts evaluations of exposure risk, though its effects differ across methods of analysis. Ultimately, simulations demonstrate that the incorporation of movement data into pathogen transmission analyses helps clarify the role of movement processes underlying the observed dynamics of infectious disease.


The invention discloses alcohol-based fuel oil which consists of the following components in part by weight: 70 to 75 parts of methanol, 4 to 6 parts of dimethylbenzene, 4 to 6 parts of No.200 solvent oil, 4 to 6 parts of paraffin oil, 4 to 6 parts of glycerol and 5 to 10 parts of water. Flame generated in the burning process of the alcohol-based fuel oil disclosed by the invention is stronger than that generated in the burning process of diesel oil and liquefied petroleum gas; the alcohol-based fuel oil is more completely and more sufficiently burnt; tail gas generated in the burning process of the alcohol-based fuel oil is cleaner and has no odor; and the alcohol-based fuel oil has the advantages of stable performance, high thermal efficiency, economy, safety and no pollution.


This article examines the contributions of psychoanalysis to international development, illustrating ways in which thinking and practice in this field are psychoanalytically structured. Drawing on the work of Lacan and Žižek, the article will emphasise three key points: (1) psychoanalysis can help uncover the unconscious of development – its gaps, dislocations, blind spots – thereby elucidating the latter's contradictory and seemingly 'irrational' practices; (2) the important psychoanalytic notion of jouissance (enjoyment) can help explain why development discourse endures, that is, why it has such sustained appeal, and why we continue to invest in it despite its many problems; and (3) psychoanalysis can serve as an important tool for ideology critique, helping to expose the socioeconomic contradictions and antagonisms that development persistently disavows (eg inequality, domination, sweatshop labour). But while partial to Lacan and Žižek, the article will also reflect on the limits of psychoanalysis – the extent to which it is gendered and, given its Western origins, universalisable.


Aim:  to  reveal the  typical ideal  of  members  of  a  research  group in nursing regarding patient safety. Method: this is a descriptive study, using a qualitative approach  that  follows,  as  a  theoretical  reference,  the  comprehensive  approach  of  the Social Phenomenology. Data collection took place in March 2015, using the focal group technique. Nine members of a research group from a Public University in North Eastern Brazil participated. Data were analyzed from Schutz's comprehensive approach. Result: the  characterization  of  the  members  of  the  research  group  is  discussed  from  the reasons-to  consolidate  patient  safety;  the  reasons-why  patient  safety  is  not  yet consolidated  and  actions  in  the  world  and  in  everyday  life  in search  of  security. Conclusion: the members of the research group point out typical actions to consolidate patient safety resulting from multi-professional teamwork and effective patient participation.


ABSTRACT Recent scholarship on intergenerational female relationships in "Little Red Riding Hood" often stresses conflict. Examining such relationships from the perspective of adolescent daughtering through Julia Kristeva's idea of the feminine in three contemporary versions of the story, Angela Carter's "The Werewolf", Kiki Smith's "Bedlam", and Gillian Cross's Wolf, this study demonstrates that some friction is necessary for recreating the protagonists' grandmaternal relationship, which positively highlights female bonding and enhances the protagonists' maturity and feminine development to embrace new beginnings with an environmental twist.


We describe the presentation and characterization of uniaxial magnetic gels. Fibril formation of the embedded magnetic particules generates easily detectable magnetic and potical anisotropies. A finite magnetization is frozen - in and leads to a ferromagnetic-like response in small homogeneous external magnetic firlds. We present, for the first time, frequency dependent measurements of the shear modulus G'. Despite their optical and magnetic anisotropy, the gels are mechanically isotropic.


History draws us into the movement which is faith, thereby imparting to us our union with God and our salvation. Specifically, it is through the unprejudiced knowledge ofJesus' history that we are led to faith and to trust in God's future.' Moreover, the events ofJesus' history are open to all who have eyes to see, and when they are seen in their historical context, these very facts lead us into faith.2 This is a major contention of the theology of Wolfhart Pannenberg. It is a radical contention, directly opposed to the dominant view held during the entire modern periodthat man's self-conscious faith relationship to God enables man to see selected public facts of history as acts of God for man's salvation. In this dominant modern view a dualism is affirmed: on the one hand, there are public facts (Historie) and, on the other hand, the faithful apprehension of a special dimension of these facts (Heilsgeschichte). Thus, Bultmann can quote Erick Frank with approval: "'To the Christians the advent of Christ was not an event in that temporal process which we mean by history today. It is an event in the history of salvation, in the realm of eternity."' 3 Involved in Pannenberg's head-on opposition to the prevailing understanding of the relationship between the concrete events of history and our perception of them, is nothing less than an effort to close the gap, which has existed at least since the time of Descartes, between phenomenal reality and our perception of that reality. In discussions of the nature of historical reality, this gap has been most characteristically


This paper investigates the effect of time offset errors on the partial parallel interference canceller (PIC) and compares the performance of it against that of the standard PIC. The BER performances of the standard and partial interference cancellers are simulated in a near far environment with varying time offset errors. These simulations indicate that whilst timing errors significantly affect the performance of both these schemes, they do not diminish the gains that are realised by the partial PIC over that of the standard PIC.


A survey of major polysaccharides occurring in cell walls of Ophiostoma ulmi and Verticillium alboatrum was performed by means of gold-complexed lectins and glycosidic enzymes. Some differences in wall carbohydrate composition and distribution were noted in these fungi. Both chitin and cellulose were found to occur in the walls of 0. ulmi whereas only chitin was present in those of V. albo-atrum. Polygalacturonic acids were identified in both fungi but a greater amount of galactose and N-acetyl-Dgalactosamine residues occurred in the walls of V. albo-atrum. In contrast, a-mannosyl and/or a-glucosyl groups were detected only in 0. ulmi cell walls. /-glucosides and sialic acid were absent in the walls of both fungi.


Our country is in the transitional period of economic transition society, facing complex contradictions, coupled with natural disasters, accidents and disasters, public health and social security exposure of the inharmonious issues, there is the possibility of various public emergencies anytime and anywhere. Therefore, no matter from the perspective of field, frequency, scale, organization, etc., my country is in a period of frequent public emergencies at this stage. This paper studies the architecture design of a large-scale public health incident emergency rehabilitation management system based on machine learning.


Ula and Yozgatligil (2004) correctly point out the typographical errors in the formulas. In the derivation of the Fisher information matrix, however, they make E yt 1− −1 + xt t ≥ 1 which is true only if t x0 are equated to zero. It should also be noted that may not be small. Therefore, the corrections in the formulas suggested by them are valid only if t x0 t ≥ 1 can be ignored. Following Islam and Tiku (2004), Turker et al. (2005) give a simpler solution as follows; see also Tiku and Akkaya (2004, Ch. 5). Let ̂ ̂ ̂, and ̂ denote the MMLE of the parameters in the model. Pretend that is known in which case the model reduces to a simple linear regression model. Work out the Fisher information matrix I . Evaluate it at = ̂. Since ̂ converges to very quickly, this gives accurate approximations. The null hypothesis H0 = 0 is tested by using the statistic t = ̂/ √ ̂22, ̂22 being the second diagonal element in the matrix I−1 ̂ ̂ ̂ . The null distribution of t converges to normal N 0 1 very quickly. Should one desire to evaluate the variances and covariances of all the four estimators, use the sample information matrix, i.e., the Hessian matrix evaluated at = ̂, = ̂, = ̂, and = ̂. This gives accurate approximations for large n (effectively, n ≥ 100). See also Cox (1961) and Senoglu and Tiku (2004). Since the modified likelihood equations have explicit solutions, the question of their non convergence does not arise. What the authors perhaps mean is that it might take quite a few iterations for the concomitant ordering to settle down to a final form. To obtain MMLE with good properties, however, a reasonably accurate ordering suffices and that is achieved in a few iterations, usually two or three.


Purpose: To recuperate information regarding the lives and works of Maria Teresa Lara and Maria del Refugio Ponce - sisters of the recognized musical "geniuses" Agustin Lara and Manuel M. Ponce – who were practically ignored by the Eurocentric musical canon and academic discussions about Mexican women composers. Apply theories surrounding the notion of genius as an ideological accomplice of patriarchal structures within the field of music, in order to investigate how far the cult surrounding their brothers might have affected the near disappearance of these women creators. Methodological Design: The article is based on interdisciplinary research, drawing upon musicology, gender and creativity studies. Field work was also carried out in Tlatlauquitepec (Puebla) in order to collect more information about Maria Teresa Lara. In the case of Maria del Refugio Ponce, a study of relevant documents and music scores at the General Archive of the Cultural Institute of Aguascalientes was carried out. Results: Important biographical data about both women was obtained, as well as indications that the genius ideology and the cult surrounding their brothers was partially beneficial but above all an obstacle to these women creators' artistic development. Research limitations: The history of Maria Teresa Lara is still fraught with contradictions and it will take a more in-depth research work to produce a complete catalogue of Maria del Refugio Ponce's work. Findings: The article reveals the prolific musical work of Maria del Refugio Ponce, and the probability of a complex artistic collaboration between the Lara siblings previously overlooked.


Chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) is a myeloproliferative disorder characterized by uncontrolled growth of progenitor cells expressing the tyrosine kinase fusion gene product, Bcr-Abl. At present, little is known regarding how TGFb, and downstream Smad transcription factors, influence CML cell proliferation in the context of Bcr-Abl expression. Here we show that ectopic Bcr-Abl expression dramatically increases TGFb/ Smad-dependent transcriptional activity in Cosl cells, and that this may be due to enhancement of Smad promoter activity. Bcr-Abl expressing TF-1 myeloid cells are more potently growth arrested by TGFb compared to the parental TF-1 cell line. Additionally, growth of Bcr-Abl-expressing CD34+ cells from chronic phase CML patients is inhibited by TGFb and, interestingly, treatment of a non-proliferating CD34+ CML cell subpopulation with the TGFb kinase inhibitor SB431542 enhanced cell death mediated by the Bcr-Abl inhibitor imatinib. Our data suggest that the expression of Bcr-Abl leads to hyper-responsiveness of myeloid cells to TGFb, and we hypothesise that this novel cross-regulatory mechanism might play an important role in maintaining the transformed progenitor cell population in CML. 2007 Federation of European Biochemical Societies. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.


The newest developments in the evaluation of fluorescence detection in photodynamic therapy deal with the ability to distinguish tissue autofluorescence from that of injected photosensitizers. The ability to make this distinction as well as detect fluorescence slightly above background emanating from occult metastases is paramount for the diagnosis of disease. The delivery of light to excite and detect background fluorescence as well as photosensitizer fluorescence in tissues has been accomplished using two HeNe lasers emitting at 632.8 nm and 612 nm delivered through a single quartz fiber optic. Chopping at different frequencies, contributions of fluorescence may be separated. Fluorescence is picked up via a 400 micron quartz fiber optic positioned appropriately near the target tissue. Extraction procedures to quantitate Photofrino II concentration in tissues correlated with fluorescence measurements from instrumentation developed for in vivo fluorimetry were applied for the detection of low drug levels in occult metastases of the lymph nodes. These techniques have been initially applied to detect low levels of drug in DRA mice bearing the SMT-F tumor, which has been extensively studied in our laboratory. The data show the ability of the techniques to detect very low levels of porphyrin in the tumors after low, non-therapeutic doses of injected photosensitizer. The Pollard rat prostatic adenocarcinoma (PA-III) model was chosen for this study because of its characteristic pattern of metastases involving only ipsilateral lymph nodes. Early studies on this lymph node model have shown the ability of the detection device to measure low levels of drug in non-palpable occult metastases in the nodes. The findings show that the detection of small numbers of metastatic cells is possible (<100 cells) with injected DHE doses of 0.25 mg/kg.


Abstract In this note some interrelationships between, and inequalities involving, the gamma and beta functions and the hyper geometric function with the last argument unity are established.


In this article a checklist of popular beliefs and customs has been drawn up. These have been gathered from a nationwide collection of folklore itcms compiled some time in 1936 by the Bureau of Public Schools. The beliefs here listed are mostly from the Bisayas, the majority being from Romblon and not a few from Oriental Misamis. The entries and the consultants' comments in the footnotes have been copied exactly as they were reported; except for a few, they are generally intelligible despite defective idiom and syntax. The documentation for each item apropos provenance, date, informant, and collector has been omitted; these informations will be supplied in the forthcoming volume of a dictionary of folk beliefs and customs.


The scope of this work consists in studying the thermal decomposition behavior of the poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) and its nanocomposites generated with organically modified clay types using different processing methods. To achieve this goal, montmorillonite type raw clays modified with a synthesized intercalating agent and a commercially available organoclay (Nanofil® SE3010) were mixed with the PET by employing the melt extrusion and the Gelimat method. The thermal stability of the nanocomposite materials was evaluated by dilute solution viscosity techniques and determined to be dependent on the elements present in the raw clay.


Objective To investigate the classification and epidemiology of ovarian tumors. Methods A total of 2 668 cases of ovarian tumor were retrospectively reviewed in Xijing Hospital from 1951 to 2000. Results All types of ovarian tumors increased year wise. The incidences of epithelial-stromal tumor and sex germ cell tumor were the top two, combined for 85% of ovarian tumors. The incidences of sex cord-stromal tumor and secondary tumors were lower. Among all age groups, the epithelial-stromal tumors and germ sex cell tumor presented the highest incidence, 77%. The highest incidence of ovarian carcinoma was in 41~60 year-old groups and that of borderline tumor was in 21~50 years-old. Conclusions The incidence of various ovarian tumors are increasing, which should be paid much more attention to. The classification of ovarian tumors is closely related to age, which is valuable in diagnosis.


Introduction: In the past year increasing concern has been expressed on the financial austerity measures imposed on Greece and its effect on public hospital patient care. The influence of this hardship on nursing delivery care is evident as even prior to this poor staff patient ratios caused shortcuts in care practice in order to save staff time. Aim: The aim of this discussion paper is to critically examine the implications of austerity measures imposed on the Greek health care system with particular emphasis on its effect on nursing and care delivery. Method: The aim was achieved through deploying five key parameters, which describe current nursing in Greece, namely: Nursing in austerity times, Nursing delivery care, Clinical nursing, Nursing rehabilitation and Policy implications. Findings-Discussion: Clinical nursing skills can be often reduced to meet basic patient needs with nurses becoming more dependent on family and carers to take on simple routine nursing skills such as bathing and help with feeding. Within the public hospitals many nurses accept that the highly dependent patient may employ a private nurse. Also, the challenge of rehabilitation care has become more precarious. Therefore, there is a great need for restructuring health care, especially in the primary care sector such as home help, localized community care, brief hospital discharge support, home safety checks and other focused services. Conclusions: Careful consideration of the effects of austerity must now be given in order to avoid a widespread health care crisis in Greece.


Big data analytics (BDA) applications use machine learning to extract valuable insights from large, fast, and heterogeneous data sources. The architectural design and evaluation of BDA applications entail new challenges to integrate emerging machine learning algorithms with cutting-edge practices whilst ensuring performance levels even in the presence of large data volume, velocity, and variety (3Vs). This paper presents a design process approach based on the Attribute-Driven Design (ADD) method and Architecture tradeoff analysis method (ATAM) to specify, deploy, and monitor performance metrics in BDA applications supported by domain-specific modeling and DevOps. Our design process starts with the definition of architectural drivers, followed by functional and deployment specification through integrated high-level modeling which enables quality scenarios monitoring. We used two use cases from avionics to evaluate this proposal, and the preliminary results suggest advantages by integrating multiple views, automating deployment and monitoring compared to similar approaches.


Objective To construct a cDNA library of human epithelial ovarian carcinoma tissue for screening ovarian carcinoma specific-antigen.Methods The total RNA was separated from human epithelial ovarian carcinoma tissue.The mRNA from total RNA was isolated to synthesize the first and second strand cDNA.The ds-cDNA termini were blunted with pfu DNA polymerase.The blunted cDNAs were added EcoR Ⅰ adaptor and then digested by XhoⅠ.Small cDNA molecules(less than 400 bp) were removed through size fraction.After the cDNAs were ligated into ZAP expression vector,the ligated products were packaged in vitro and the bacteriophage particles infected the host strains XL1-Blue MRF′.Results The efficiency of the primary library was 5.5×10~(6)pfu/ml and the amplified library was 3.0×10~(11)pfu/ml with 96% clones positive.The average length of the inserted fragment was over 1 kb.Conclusion The quality of the constructed human epithelial ovarian carcinoma tissue cDNA library is excellent and helpful to screen ovarian carcinoma specific-antigen.


1* Introduction* The concept of a characteristic submanifold of a given solution for a differential system, was introduced by E. Cartan in his theory of partial differential equations ([2], p. 79). Its importance appears in the treatment of the Cauchy problem. Given an ^-dimensional submanifold M of the Euclidean space E, we can define geometrically the notion of asymptotic submanifolds of M. The asymptotic lines have been used extensively for the study of the geometry of a surface in E. For higher dimension and codimension some results have been obtained, using the generalized concept [3], [4], [9], [10]. It is well known, that the characteristic curves of a surface in E are the asymptotic lines ([2], p. 143). In §2 we start with a brief introduction to the Cartan-Kahler theory of differential equations. Then given a Riemannian manifold M*9 we consider the differential ideal, whose integral submanifolds determine local isometries of M into E, N = n(n + l)/2. Next assuming M* c E, we characterize the (n — l)-dimensional characteristic submanifolds of M. In §3, we define the concept of asymptotic submanifolds of MaE, prove the main result and obtain a first order partial differential equation whose solutions are the characteristic hypersurfaces of M. I am grateful to Professor S. S. Chern for helpful conversations.


In this paper, a detailed nonlinear flight model is presented, including the effects of thrust vectoring. A daisy chain controller was implemented to allow the use of the thrust vectoring to augment the control of the aircraft. A nonlinear dynamic inversion controller was applied to the pitch acceleration longitudinal mode of the aircraft. Numerical simulation was carried out using existing flight data, which includes high angle of attack and post-stall effects


In this paper, the decision problem with multi-objectives is considered, and the nondominated solutions associated with a polyhedral domination cone are discussed. The necessary and sufficient conditions for the solutions are given in the decision space rather than the objective space. The similarity of the solution conditions obtained in this article to the Kuhn-Tucker condition of a convex programming problem is examined. As an application of the solution condition, an algorithm to locate the set of all nondominated solutions is shown for the linear multi-objective decision problem.


Aiming at the nonlinear and time-variable characteristics of freeway traffic systems, a composition control method based on CMAC (Cerebellar Model Articulation Controller) and PID controller is applied to address the traffic density control problem in a macroscopic level freeway environment with ramp metering. Firstly, the second-order traffic flow model to describe freeway flow process is established. Then the principle of CMAC-PID composition control is formulated, and the learning algorithm is given in detail. Based on the model and in conjunction with feedback control theory, CMAC-PID based traffic density controller is designed. Finally, the controller is simulated in MATLAB software. The results show that this controller designed has fast response, good dynamic and steady-state performance. It can achieve a desired traffic density along the freeway mainline.


abstract:Most of us in the twenty-first century are assailed by information to a degree that could not have been predicted twenty-five years ago, and that comes at the price of an attenuated ability to respond to pure form. Music, the least representational of the arts, is the closest to pure form. And to the extent that poetry is itself a music, the aesthetic experience it offers makes recovery at least as pleasurable as discovery, just as a long-form musical composition may sound better if we have already heard it. Readers of Milton, supplying their own examples, can recall numerous passages whose music continues to give pleasure. This article provides one reader's experience of Milton's poetry, with different passages exerting their particular appeal in youth, middle age, and old age.


This work describes the first search for signals from the production of right-handed WR bosons and heavy neutrinos N` (` = e, μ), that arise naturally in the left-right symmetric extension to the Standard Model, with the CMS Experiment at the LHC using the 7 TeV pp collision data collected in 2010 and 2011 corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 240 pb−1. No excess over expectations from Standard Model processes is observed. For models with exact left-right symmetry (the same coupling in the left and right sectors) we exclude the region in the two-dimensional parameter space that extends to (MWR , MN` ) = (1700 GeV, 600 GeV). Presented at LOMONOSOV11: 15th Lomonosov Conference on Elementary Particle Physics SEARCH FOR A HEAVY NEUTRINO AND RIGHT-HANDED W OF THE LEFT-RIGHT SYMMETRIC MODEL WITH CMS DETECTOR Danila Tlisov on behalf of the CMS Collaboration a INR RAS, Prospekt 60-letiya Oktyabrya 7a, Moscow 117312, Russia Abstract. This work describes the first search for signals from the production of right-handed WR bosons and heavy neutrinos N` (` = e, μ), that arise naturally in the left-right symmetric extension to the Standard Model, with the CMS Experiment at the LHC using the 7 TeV pp collision data collected in 2010 and 2011 corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 240 pb−1. No excess over expectations from Standard Model processes is observed. For models with exact left-right symmetry (the same coupling in the left and right sectors) we exclude the region in the two-dimensional parameter space that extends to (MWR , MN` ) = (1700 GeV, 600 GeV). This work describes the first search for signals from the production of right-handed WR bosons and heavy neutrinos N` (` = e, μ), that arise naturally in the left-right symmetric extension to the Standard Model, with the CMS Experiment at the LHC using the 7 TeV pp collision data collected in 2010 and 2011 corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 240 pb−1. No excess over expectations from Standard Model processes is observed. For models with exact left-right symmetry (the same coupling in the left and right sectors) we exclude the region in the two-dimensional parameter space that extends to (MWR , MN` ) = (1700 GeV, 600 GeV). 1 The left-right (LR) symmetric model The left-right (LR) symmetric extension to the Standard Model model [1–3] is attractive because it naturally explains the parity violation seen in weak interactions as a result of spontaneously broken parity. The model necessarily incorporates additional W± R and Z ′ gauge bosons and heavy right-handed neutrino states N` and thus can also explain the smallness of the ordinary neutrino masses through the see-saw mechanism [4]. The strength of gauge interactions of W± R bosons is described by the coupling constants gR. Strict LR symmetry leads to the relation gL = gR at MWR , which will be assumed throughout this paper. To simplify our study, we further assume that the mixing angles (WR − WL, Z ′ − Z, and N` − N`′) are small. The existing experimental limit on the WR mass is in the range 739−768 GeV and depends on the heavy neutrino mass (the smaller number corresponds to the case when all three N` have masses smaller than MWR) [5]. We consider the leading production reaction at the LHC: pp → WR + X → N` + ` + X. The right-handed neutrino decays into a charged lepton `± and an off-shell W ∗ R which subsequently decays into a pair of quarks which hadronize into jets (j). This produces the final state WR → `1N` → `1`2W ∗ R → `1`2jj (` = e, μ), where `1, `2 have the same flavor. We use PYTHIA [6], with default CTEQ6L1 parton distribution functions [7], for the signal event generation and calculation of cross sections. We also study relevant background samples generated using PYTHIA, ALPGEN [8], and MADGRAPH [9]. ae-mail: email@example.com 2 The CMS detector and object reconstrution. This measurement was performed using 240 pb−1 of pp collision data collected in 2010 and 2011 by the CMS detector at a center-of-mass energy of 7 TeV . The central feature of the CMS apparatus is a superconducting solenoid, of 6 m internal diameter, providing a field of 3.8 T. Within the field volume are the silicon pixel and strip tracker, the crystal electromagnetic calorimeter (ECAL) and the brass/scintillator hadronic calorimeter (HCAL). Muons are measured in gas-ionization detectors embedded in the steel return yoke. In addition to the barrel and endcap detectors, CMS has extensive forward calorimetry. A detailed description of the CMS detector can be found elsewhere [10]. 3 Object reconstrution and events selection. Information about electron reconstruction and identification in CMS during this running period can be found in [11]. The muon identification strategy is based on both the muon detectors and the inner tracker, as described in [12]. We reconstruct jets from calorimeter towers using the anti-kt clustering algorithm [13] with a cone of radius R = 0.5 and impose a minimum transverse momentum requirement of 40 GeV/c on the jet candidates. We select WR → `N` candidates using the two highest ET /pt same-flavor (e or μ) leptons, and the two highest pt jets that satisfy the above criteria. As the WR → `N` decay tends to produce high momentum leptons, we require ET (pt) > 60 GeV(/c) for at least one of the lepton candidates and ET (pt) > 30 GeV/c for another. In the electron channel, we reject the event if no electron candidate is found in the ECAL barrel region (|η| < 1.44).


The permanent magnet brushless DC motor has many advantages such as simple structure, high power density, small volume, good mechanical properties and high efficiency, so it is very suitable for electric vehicle. However, the traditional brushless DC motor has the disadvantages of flux weakening speed regulating difficulty and torque ripple. According to the characteristic of permanent magnet motor, so a kind of special structure brushless DC hub motor with outer rotor was designed in this paper. The structure of interlaced arrangement of permanent magnet and non-salient pole of the outer rotor greatly increased the average inductance of the stator winding, so as the range of flux weakening speed regulating increased greatly as well. At the same time, large chute in stator core and fractional stator winding reduced torque ripple of the motor. The simulation model was established by using Ansys Maxwell software and the magnetic field was calculated and analyzed. It turned out that the magnetic field was rational and the optimum designed motor had less flux leakage. Simulation and test results showed that stator performance indicators of the prototype could meet the requirements of electric vehicle fully. So it has great value of generalization in practical application.


For the purpose of domestic production of ultrasonic transducer, experiments on material selection for backing and matching layer, and electrical impedance matching between transducer and equipment were performed. The characteristics of manufactured transducers with experimental results were analyzed and compared with foreign products. Through the evaluation of the transducers manufactured and the comparision with foreign products, it is confirmed that the transducers manufactured show the good performance characteristics and efficiency.


The social function of the lawyer has been proclaimed since early beginning of human beings' existence. Related to the social function of the lawyer is the inherited and closely attached issue of access to justice itself and professional ethics. It is undeniable, however, that in the last few years some greater changes bare in mind giving a more humanistic context to the practice of law, mainly as what concerns the Core of the Legal Practice.


The Permutation Flow shop Scheduling Problem is a typical combinational optimization problem and has been proved to be strongly NP-hard. This paper deals with B-GRASP algorithm meta-heuristic in finding the solution and in analyzing the best the optimal schedule, thus minimizing the bi-objectives such as weighted makespan and total flow time. The proposed approach is evaluated using benchmark problems taken from Taillard and compared with simulated annealing algorithm. Computational experiments indicate that the proposed B-GRASP algorithm is a feasible and effective approach for the multiobjective problem.


Management of educational facilities and infrastructure in a school is very Important to be done to facilities an education system. Facilities and infrastructure is one of the supports of the course of education in a school. Schools will run smoothly if edequate facilities and infrastructure. If in a school facilities and infrastrucuture are inadequate then the school will not develop. Educational facilities and infrastrucuture such as space, furniture and other supporting facilities are used to achieve educational goals as expected. The activity of maintaining eductional facilities and insfrastructure in schools is carried out by all components or member of the community who are in school, this is done properly and correctly in accordance with th.e types of existing facilities and infrastructure


Abstract : The author developed and advanced a new class of digital forensic techniques to verify origin and integrity of digital imagery based on systematic artifacts of imaging sensors called photo-response non-uniformity (PRNU), which is caused by slight variations in physical dimensions of pixels and inhomogeneity of silicon. PRNU thus forms a unique fingerprint that characterizes an imaging device, such as a camera, camcorder, or scanner. Both CCD and CMOS technologies exhibit this type of irregularity. The specific achievements include perfecting the methodology for estimating the fingerprint from images, extending to cases when the image under investigation is simultaneously cropped, scaled, and processed, extending the technology when the digital image is printed, developing technology capable of determining the camera model from the fingerprint, and a large scale validation on millions of images from 6900 cameras of 150 models. The techniques have dual purpose and are important for information validation in military intelligence gathering, law enforcement, and forensic investigation.


i. Commentary is part of the regularised discussion of texts. 2. Historical-critical editions fulfil their function as aids to interpretation only within a narrow area. 3. The central problem of commentary is the question of which cultural knowledge the reader does or should apply to the reading of a text. 4. Conventionalized research results are part of cultural knowledge. 5. The effect of a text is grounded in the effectivity of its signals, which the commentary is able to indicate. 6. An edition and a commentary are primarely shared databases for different queries. 28 Zu Analogiebildungen kommt es bei der Lektüre eines Textes: (i) im Umfeld des kulturellen Wissens der Entstehungszeit des Textes mit entsprechenden Kontexten (Kontexttyp i: Quelle, Kontexttyp 2: weitere Lesbarkeit) und (2) im Umfeld des kulturellen Wissens zur Zeit der Rezeption des Textes gleichfalls mit entsprechenden Kontexten (Kontexttyp 3: Lesbarkeit).


Introduced in the paper are relevant processes,process data and technical measures taken for the trial operation of the Φ76mm plug mill line to produce small-sized hot-rolled mother tubes.A comparison of the said mother tube with that from previous process is made to show the former's advantages in terms of cold-drawing passes,yield and yield loss when used as blank for thin-walled cold-drawn pipe.Relevant operation has proven that the employment of the Φ76mm plug pipe mill line to produce small-sized hot-rolled mother tubes for cold-drawn pipes can not only enlarge the product-mix of the mill line,but also bring about more reasonable process technology for smallsized,thin-walled cold-drawn steel pipes.


With 25 member states, 450 million inhabitants and a contribution to the world GDP of 25 percent the European Union belongs among those actors which influence globalgovernance processes and can help to deal with global problems. The EU articulated its readiness to assume global responsibilities in the European Security Strategy of December 2003. At the same time, European foreign policy is still in the process of development. A common perspective on central global issues, as well as a definition of panEuropean interests which must go beyond


From its early stages, the community of Pattern Recognition and Computer Vision has considered the importance of leveraging the structural information when understanding images. Usually, graphs have been selected as the adequate framework to represent this kind of information due to their flexibility and representational power able to codify both, the components, objects, or entities and their pairwise relationship. Even though graphs have been successfully applied to a huge variety of tasks, as a result of their symbolic and relational nature, graphs have always suffered from some limitations compared to statistical approaches. Indeed, some trivial mathematical operations do not have an equivalence in the graph domain. For instance, in the core of many pattern recognition applications, there is a need to compare two objects. This operation, which is trivial when considering feature vectors defined in Rn, is not properly defined for graphs. Along this dissertation the main application domain has been on the topic of Document Image Analysis and Recognition. It is a subfield of computer vision aiming at understanding images of documents. In this context, the structure and in particular graph representations, provides a complementary dimension to the raw image contents. In computer vision, the first challenge we face is how to build a meaningful graph representation that is able to encode the relevant characteristics of a given image. This representation should find a trade off between the simplicity of the representation and its flexibility to represent the deformations appearing on each application domain. We applied our proposal to the word spotting application where strokes are divided into graphemes which are the smaller units of a handwritten alphabet [5]. We have investigated different approaches to speed-up the graph comparison in order that word spotting, or more generally, a retrieval application is able to handle large collections of documents. On the one hand, a graph indexing framework combined with a votation scheme at node level is able to quickly prune unlikely results [7]. On the other hand, making use of graph hierarchical representations, we are able to perform a coarse-to-fine matching scheme which performs most of the comparisons in a reduced graph representation [6]. Besides, the hierarchical graph representation demonstrated to be drivers of a more robust scheme than the original graph. This new information is able to deal with noise and deformations in an elegant fashion. Therefore, we propose to exploit this information in a hierarchical graph embedding which allows the use of classical statistical techniques [2].


The cultivation of medical talents is the main goal of medical postgraduate training. Zunyi Medical University innovates many aspects of postgraduate education, including student sources, spirit of scientific research, curriculum setting, assessment mechanism and quality control, etc. It fo-cuses on cultivating students' practical and innovative abilities through developing professional-typed education, constructing excellent courses, and boosting students' core competitiveness.

Key words:
Education and cultivation; Postgraduate with professional degree; Postgraduate; Culture


The number of students expanding their academic programs to include learning experiences abroad has been steadily increasing over the past two decades. This study investigates the cultural identification of short-term study abroad participants and its influence on their acculturation process. By means of a widely used acculturation scale, it was found that there were statistically significant effects of cultural experiences on cultural identification, specifically decreases in cultural identification scores. Implications from this study suggest a deeper understanding of students' ethnic identifications can be helpful in developing study abroad programs that promote the goals of student awareness, cultural sensitivity, and global competence.


Lost productivity from workplace absenteeism is a significant component of the economic burden of influenza [1]. Antiviral treatment together with influenza vaccination may help reduce work time lost from influenza illness [2]. In clinical trials, baloxavir, an oral single dose treatment for influenza, demonstrated comparable symptom resolution to oseltamivir taken twice daily for 5 days [3]. We examined baloxavir real-world outcomes using patient generated health data (PGHD) to investigate the association between antiviral use and workplace absenteeism.

 Using data from a participatory influenza-like illness (ILI) surveillance program (ISP), we identified participants who self-reported ILI using the online Evidation platform during the 2019-2020 influenza season in the United States. Participants who self-reported treatment with baloxavir or oseltamivir were included. We conducted an ordinal logistic regression to estimate the odds of missing work due to ILI, while adjusting for use of over-the-counter (OTC) medication, age, number of symptoms, US region, and comorbidities.

 Of 3658 participants eligible for inclusion in the analysis, 3285 (89.8%) were prescribed oseltamivir and 373 (10.2%) were prescribed baloxavir. A majority of participants (81.7%) reported missing at least one day of work. In the ordinal logistic regression, use of baloxavir was associated with lower odds of absenteeism, compared to oseltamivir (odds ratio [OR]: 0.748, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.616, 0.907). In addition, a higher number of symptoms (OR 2.922, 95% CI: 2.454, 3.481), older age (OR: 1.425, 95% CI: 1.162, 1.747), and use of OTC medication (OR: 1.242, 95% CI: 1.086, 1.420) were associated with higher odds of absenteeism. Due to a high rate of missing data on the timing of antiviral use (24.5% missing), its association with absenteeism could not be adequately assessed.

 Treatment of patients with ILI with single dose baloxavir was associated with reduced workplace absenteeism compared to oseltamivir after adjusting for measured confounders. This study provides useful insight into factors associated with ILI-related workplace absenteeism and the potential real-world utility of baloxavir.

 Hao Xu, MSc, Hoffmann-La Roche Limited: Employee Vincent Ukachukwu, n/a, Roche Products Ltd: Employee Devika Chawla, PhD, Genentech: Employee.


'living photographs' by Arthur Mole via the either painful or triumphalist inquiries on notions such as family, nation, country and mankind in Land of the Free and The Family of Man to the increasingly post-modern critiques of the same in the often subcultural works by Nan Goldin, Romare Baerden, Frederic Brenner, Pedro Meyer and Nikki S. Lee. Basically, Kaplan's approach is comparable in all of these chapters. After a sketch of the historical setting and a close reading of the work under scrutiny both always very well informed and very cleverly done comes a theoretical discussion that confronts the works and the authors' self-representation with some of their inconsistencies and contradictions. These are further analyzed with arguments and insights borrowed from Nancy and, to a lesser extent, the writings of other de constructive thinkers. The overall result is exceptionally challenging. American Exposures is astute and nasty, disturbing and liberating, and it is no exaggeration to say that Kaplan's study will turn out to be a watershed publication. It is difficult, I think, to deny that American Exposures transforms our way of seeing photography, just as it is impossible to ignore the depth of many of his close readings or not to admire the intelligent intertwining of detailed visual analysis and theoretical reflections. As a critique, however, one should insist on the internal contradiction between the general deconstructive stance and the rhetorical closure of each argument, which invariably ends with a return to the thought of Nancy, in a way that ends all possible discussion (it is exceptional to find a critical remark on deconstructive readings: one good example is given p. 137, where Kaplan discusses Derrida's very one-dimensional interpretation of some of Brenner's images). Deconstruction appears as a kind of untouchable cornerstone whose presence is even implicitly authoritarian. A second criticism concerns Kaplan's attitude towards the semiotic paradigm in photo analysis, which is rejected as totally as deconstruction is completely embraced. Yet the legitimate critique of the overemphasis of the Peircean index is a somewhat meagre argument if one wishes to do away with semiotics as a whole. There are many semiotics and Peircean semiotics should be no more equal than the others. From a continental point of view, what Kaplan does in American Exposures might perfectly be labelled as ... semiotic (and even 'typically' semiotic). And some readers of Of Grammatology will remember that Derrida's critique of (Saussurian) semiotics owes a lot to his (very positive) reading of C.S. Peirce. But these are details, finally, which do not spoil the overall impression of intelligent and innovative reading offered by a great book. Jan Baetens


A erweichungsbestandige copper alloy contains Fe with an iron content ranging from 0.01 to 4.0 wt .-%. The copper alloy has after 1 min. Annealing at 500 ° C a cube orientation density of 50% or less and an average grain size of 30 microns or less. A copper alloy sheet forming method for forming a copper alloy sheet comprising, in successive steps of: hot rolling for hot rolling of a copper alloy sheet of the copper alloy, at least two working cycles each of a cold rolling process and an annealing and a final cold rolling operation. The loss factor for each of the cold rolling operations of the working cycles is in the range of 50 to 80% and the receiving factor for the final cold rolling process in the range of 30 to 85%.


Submitted to the Faculty of Arts in fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of
Master of Arts in the Department of Anthropology and Development Studies
at the University of Zululand, South Africa, 1997.


The main goal of this work is to present corpus-based quantitative and qualitative properties of negative emotion patterning in terms of online discussion concerning a referendum planned for the year 2015 on the British membership in the European Union. The issue is observed to instigate strong emotional reactions of CMC users, primarily in terms of emotion valence and arousal, expressed in their comments to two political events, described in online newspaper articles. The present analysis illuminates the linguistic contexts in which the negative emotions which arise in connection with these events spread in the audiences and the extent to which the type of interactional exchange identified in the study affects the users' emotionality dynamics (Lewandowska-Tomaszczyk submitted 2013). The dynamics axis concerns the development and maintenance of the community's common standpoint with regard to the issue (cf. also Atkinson et al. 2012). The common standpoint is a consequence of common group identity emerging to exert social pressure with reference to real life context.


Inflammation plays a key role in the development of atherosclerosis. Genetic differences in molecules related to inflammation have therefore been linked to the susceptibility for and severity of atherosclerosis. We hypothesized that the additive contribution from different genes of importance for inflammation would enhance the severity of cardiovascular disease. Blood samples were collected from 230 adults admitted for elective coronary angiography. A total of 130 patients had significant (>50%) stenosis in at least one main coronary artery branch and 100 had not. Six polymorphisms in five different genes were analysed: myeloperoxidase (MPO) −129G/A and −463G/A, toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4) Asp299Gly, interleukin‐6 (IL6) −174G/C, surfactant protein D (SFTPD) Met11Thr and regulated upon normal T‐cell expressed and secreted (CCL5) −403G/A. The IL6 polymorphism was significantly associated (P = 0.017) to angiographic significant coronary artery disease, and this relation remained after adjustment for age, gender, smoking and hypercholesterolaemia (P = 0.007). The TLR4 (P = 0.050) and SFTPD (P = 0.058) polymorphisms were also associated with the presence of coronary stenosis in univariate but not in multivariate analyses. For MPO and CCL5 no associations were found. There was a significant linear association between the number of high‐risk gene variants (IL6−174CC, SFTPD 11CC and TLR4 299AA) and the proportion of patients with coronary artery disease (P < 0.0005). Inherited factors related to inflammation may increase susceptibility for severe coronary artery disease. Furthermore, the additive contribution from different inflammatory genetic markers strongly enhances the individual severity of cardiovascular disease.


This document devises a method of comparing radiological and non-radiological hazard control levels. Such a comparison will be useful in determining the design control features for facilities that handle radioactive mixed waste. The design control features of interest are those that assure the protection of workers and the environment from unsafe airborne levels of radiological or non-radiological hazards.


The simulation of unstable invasion patterns in porous media flow is very challenging because small perturbations are amplified, so that slight differences in geometry or initial conditions result in significantly different invasion structures at later times. We present a detailed comparison of pore‐scale simulations and experiments for unstable primary drainage in porous micromodels. The porous media consist of Hele‐Shaw cells containing cylindrical obstacles. By means of soft lithography, we have constructed two experimental flow cells, with different degrees of heterogeneity in the grain size distribution. As the defending (wetting) fluid is the most viscous, the interface is destabilized by viscous forces, which promote the formation of preferential flow paths in the form of a branched finger structure. We model the experiments by solving the Navier‐Stokes equations for mass and momentum conservation in the discretized pore space and employ the Volume of Fluid (VOF) method to track the evolution of the interface. We test different numerical models (a 2‐D vertical integrated model and a full‐3‐D model) and different initial conditions, studying their impact on the simulated spatial distributions of the fluid phases. To assess the ability of the numerical model to reproduce unstable displacement, we compare several statistical and deterministic indicators. We demonstrate the impact of three main sources of error: (i) the uncertainty on the pore space geometry, (ii) the fact that the initial phase configuration cannot be known with an arbitrarily small accuracy, and (iii) three‐dimensional effects. Although the unstable nature of the flow regime leads to different invasion structures due to small discrepancies between the experimental setup and the numerical model, a pore‐by‐pore comparison shows an overall satisfactory match between simulations and experiments. Moreover, all statistical indicators used to characterize the invasion structures are in excellent agreement. This validates the modeling approach, which can be used to complement experimental observations with information about quantities that are difficult or impossible to measure, such as the pressure and velocity fields in the two fluid phases.


Alcohol causes more gastrointestinal disease than other drugs of abuse. The effect of heavy drinking on deaths from gastrointestinal disease is considerable and remains significant even after the effects of smoking are considered. The effects of alcohol occur in almost all digestive organs.A synergistic relationship between alcohol consumption and smoking in oesophageal carcinoma has been recently described. There is considerable evidence in support of an association between smoking and peptic ulcer. The complications of intravenous self-administration are primarily dependent on poor hygiene rather than on the pharmaceutical properties of drugs used, and consist of acute and chronic hepatitis and granulomatous liver disease.


For tissue optical properties of ?s 4~10 mm-1, ?a 0.01~0.25 mm-1 and g=0.84, the surface spatially resolved diffuse reflectance for diffusion theory were compared to Monte Carlo predictions. For source detector separations of 0.5~3 mm, the absolute percent errors ranged from 0 to ~30%.


A sensitivity study of the optimal design of composite laminates can aid in the understanding and improvement of the utilization of materials. One of the main ap proaches is to consider the fiber volume fraction of materials from the micromechanics point of view. This article adopts primarily the design point of view. Several examples with two material systems and two groups of laminates (unnotched and notched) are m- vestigated to show the property changes of the laminates due to variation of the fiber volume fraction, and the subsequent rankings of the laminates are given.


The dimensionality of personality ratings on the California Adult Q-set (CAQ) is examined in a sample of 940 subjects. Solutions of between 5 and 15 factors are examined; interrater agreement is assessed for items, factors, and items partialing factors. Results suggest that the 5 personality factors are important yet not exhaustive in accounting for common factor variance in the CAQ. Furthermore, interjudge agreement extends beyond the 5 dimensions. Likely explanations for these results are considered, and implications are addressed


Public health is capturing the energy and imagination of undergraduate students across the country, and University of Virginia (UVa) faculty, like many other faculties in both small colleges and large universities, are responding with innovative new courses and academic programs. As a relatively young academic field that dates back only to the early twentieth century in the United States, the study of public health illustrates the strengths and value of an undergraduate liberal education that features integrative learning, which draws on diverse academic perspectives from across the curriculum, and intentionality in learning, which embeds student-directed problem solving and experiential community fieldwork within academic programs.

The goal of the new initiatives in undergraduate public health education is not only to prepare future health professionals, but also and perhaps more importantly, to educate future citizens. Who Will Keep the Public Healthy?, a 2003 Institute of Medicine report, called for public health education for all undergraduate students and featured both themes, as did a 2006 Consensus Conference on Undergraduate Public Health Education, sponsored by the Council of Colleges of Arts and Sciences and national public health associations. Scholars recognize that public health requires a broad-based knowledge about human society and culture, as well as about the sciences and mathematics. And in addition, public health education has the potential to engage students—future health professionals and future citizens—on many levels, from reflection on enduring fundamental questions about civic responsibility and human rights to the use of intellectual and practical skills, such as critical and creative thinking, teamwork, and problem solving.

Students interested in pursuing an undergraduate public health education also demonstrate an increasingly global orientation. A recent editorial noted that a "feeling of enhanced connectedness on a global scale—the sense of global community—is leading students … in record numbers to seek educational experiences that enrich their understanding of other cultures …" With increasing funding from government and foundation sources, media exposure, and inspiring leaders, global public health has emerged as a new field of great interest to students, albeit one without clearly defined educational goals and outcomes. While career paths are still being created, global public health issues do provide an ideal opportunity to engage students in real-world problems and motivate them to evaluate how or whether the solutions developed might actually work on the ground. This evaluation, at a distance or during an onsite experience, demands that students learn about and integrate the perspective of the community affected by the problem into their analysis. This analysis promotes an appreciation and respect for the historical, cultural, and political contexts that surround the issue.


My thesis explores the use of strategic essentialism in US electoral politics, focusing on female senatorial and gubernatorial candidates from 2000 to 2006. Using advertising data I examine in which situations female candidates for public office choose to emphasize feminine traits and qualities and determine whether gender performance is most affected by the issue area being discussed, the audience, or constant factors such as the candidate s region, opponent, background, and office being sought.


Report discussing "the two principal enemies of the apple [...] the chief insect enemy, the codling moth, and the principal fungous disease, the apple scab.... The remedial treatment for both of these is of such a nature that the applications can be combined at a lessening of nearly one-half the cost of time and labor. The bulletin includes a brief but plain statement of the nature of the codling moth and the means of controlling it, followed by a similar portion relating to apple scab, and concluding with the combined directions for spraying, and a spray calendar." -- p. 3


In this paper my aim is to study Gore Vidal's novel Hollywood, published in 1990, in order to examine how the writer associates the capital of American politics with the capital of popular entertainment and how the historical novel becomes a controversial medium/space for the representation of war and its interaction with film. I am particularly interested in analysing how Vidal discusses the major political and ideological role played by cinema, so that American people could be persuaded to give support to the country's 1 Este ensaio corresponde a uma versao adaptada da comunicacao que foi apresentada no Encontro Anual da ASA (American Studies Association), em Novembro de 2005, em Washington D.C., no âmbito do painel subordinado ao titulo "Contentious Spaces. Cinema and the Architecture of War".


A European joint project (COSPA) with the participation of eight countries from all parts of Europe studies the application advantages (and drawbacks) of open source software (OS) and of open data standards (ODS) in public administration (PA). PAs are among the biggest computer- and software consumers world-wide, thus they should be very careful what to use, how to use. PAs spend every year a considerable amount of money for commercial off-the-shelf software licenses. By using appropriate technologies, such expenses might be either dramatically reduced, or re-routed to further develop local business ecosystems. This project aims at introducing, analyzing, and supporting the use of ODS and OS software for personal productivity and document management in European PAs


The urban and regional planning practice and research field have for a long time ignored to pay attention to the food system. Recent research has shown the potential benefits for planners to work w ...


A casework contact is presented that well illustrates how a crisis has growth-enhancing potential and can lead to new adaptive mechanisms


It may be because of the importance of reading books in childhood, and because we want to help children stay in contact with diverse knowledge and information, and use them, through the medium of books, in this information-oriented society, that the social interest in children's libraries is increasing these days. But although many studies are being made on children's libraries, those on their spatial environments and the usage behaviors are still insufficient. Therefore, this study is to examine the reading behaviors of the children who use the children's libraries and grasp the characteristics of the user requirements, so as to analyze their behavioral responses to the physical environmental elements. The result of the study is as follows: Concerning the bookshelves, children are found to have difficulties in choosing and picking up books due to the height of the bookshelves. In the relationship between the auxiliary furniture for reading around the bookshelves and the users, concerning the book reading, the behavioral characteristics turn out to be different in accordance with the age of the children. We found that although the physical environmental elements of the children's libraries have seen much aesthetic improvement, the behavioral characteristics of the children are not qualitatively well reflected. In future plans for children's libraries, the children's physical characteristics and their ages should be taken into consideration, while their detailed behavioral characteristics, in relation with these, should be supported.


Objective To explore the clinical value of ultrasound in the diagnosis of chest wall tuberculosis.Methods 134 cases of chest wall tuberculosis were diagnosed with ultrasound and the correlation with CT,X-ray diagnostic results were studied.Results There were solid echo type 27 cases; liquid dark area type 42 cases and combined echo type 65 cases.There was statistical significant difference between ultrasound and CT diagnosis of calcification within the lesion and the "crab-like" sinus(P<0.05).The specificities of ultrasound and CT diagnosis of chest wall tuberculosis were 95.52% and 93.28%,respectively,and the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05).Conclusion Ultrasound diagnosis of chest wall tuberculosis has clinical value on determining the size of chest wall nodule,its range,and its relationship with the surrounding tissue.It is an effective diagnostic method of chest wall tuberculosis.

Key words:
Chest wall; Tuberculosis; Color Doppler


The city of Sao Paulo, with approximately 20 million inhabitants, is a megacity. Its accelerated growth requires the development of architectonic and urban solutions in the rate of its transformations. Social Interest Homes (SIH) constitute one of the most apparent problems of this metropolis, a problem that for decades had as an alternative the construction of large housing complexes or occupations on the outskirts, generally occupying green areas or water sources. Another alternative has recently been tried for SIH – compact occupation in central areas. These new proposals confer power on actions that combat the partial neglect of the infrastructure existing in central areas, including their historical and cultural potential. Urban management in effect between the years 2000 and 2004 idealised public policies that sought to make resources available for the urbanisation of slums, producing verticalised buildings in the places where the latter were to be found. The urbanisation of the Gato slum (Favela do Gato), in Sao Paulo, with the creation of the Gato Park Housing Complex, is an example of these actions. The intention of the present article is to analyse this project, taking into account new concepts in collective social housing and sustainable development.


Semiconductor nanowires have emerged as credible candidates for the development of the semiconductor roadmap by which Moorepsilas law may be extended beyond the 20 nm dimension. This technology is based on self-assembly or bottom-up growth, leading to local epitaxial nucleation of the semiconductor crystal and the controlled growth of a one-dimensional crystal. In this talk I will describe the present understanding of how semiconductor nanowires are formed with dimensions on the scale of 10 nm and with control of the internal structure, such as of axial and radial heterostructures, down to the atomic level. I will concentrate on III-V nanowires, which we have shown may be formed also on silicon substrates, and will describe some of the quantum devices that have been realized in this type of materials, including single-electron transistors and transport via single and coupled quantum dots. I will then present our most recent progress in the realization of high-performance electronic devices, processed as arrays of wrap-gated transistors, in an ideal co-axial geometry and will also describe possible applications of vertical nanowires for photonics applications. This research was supported by grants from the Swedish Research Council (VR), the Swedish Foundation for Strategic research (SSF), the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation (KAW) and from the EU-project NODE 015783.


A total number of 192 samples of Eleutheronema rhadinum were collected from the coastal waters of Qidong in Jiangsu Province,Dongshan Island in Fujian Province,Zhanjiang in Guangdong Province,Haikou in Hainan Province,Taiwan province from February,2010 to May,2012.Length,width,weight,perimeter,area,rectangularity,form factor and density of otolith collected were analyzed.The results indicated that all the sagittal otoliths had rostrum and antirostrum with obvious centural notch,and the ostium was wider than the cauda,rostrum and antirostrum.The shape of sagittal otoliths of samples with shorter fork length was like melon seeds and the outline of the margin was regular,but those with longer fork length showed long and narrow leaf shape with margin bulge like waves.Comparison of sagittal otolith characters between Mugiliformes and Perciformes indicated that: morphology of E.rhadinum sagittal otolith was closer to Perciformes,which supported that E.rhadinumbe belonged to polynemidae,Perciformes.The sagittal otoliths had a length of 2.66%-5.41% of their fork length and a weight of 0.06‰-0.59‰ of their body weight.The density,rectangularity,form factor was 0.80 mg·mm-3,0.70 and 0.58,respectively.The morphological stability of sagittal otolith was remarkably higher than that of their body shape.The variation coefficients of the length,width and weight of sagittal otoliths were smaller than those of the fork length and body weight.Sagittal otolith measurements(otolith length,width,weight,length-width ratio) were significantly related to the standard fork length,and otolith length and the otolith width followed a power function.Density,rectangularity,form factor,OL/FL,OWe/BW can be used as typical characters to measure the body shape of Eleutheronema rhadinum.


An analog of Kirchhoff formulas is obtained in the time domain for the vectors of the intensities of the nonstationary electromagnetic field in a conducting medium. At any instant, the field at an arbitrary point in a closed volume is represented as the sum of an integral over the surface bounding this volume and an integral over the volume. The integrands contain field intensities, external currents, and their time derivatives at instants preceding the observation


The following appendices are included: highlights of direction and correspondence; user manual for OTEC Steady-State Analysis Program (OSAP-1); sample results of OSAP-1; surface condenser installations; double-clad systems; aluminum alloy seawater piping; references searched for ammonia evaluation; references on stress-corrosion for ammonia; references on anhydrous ammonia storage; references on miscellaneous ammonia items; OTEC materials testing; test reports; OTEC technical specification chlorination system; OTEC technical specification AMERTAP system; OTEC optimization program users guide; concrete hull construction; weight and stability estimates; packing factor data; machinery and equipment list; letter from HPTI on titanium tubes; tables on Wolverine Korodense tubes; evaporator and condenser enhancement tables; code weld titanium tube price, weight tables Alcoa tubing tables; Union Carbide tubing pricing tables; turbotec tubing pricing tables; Wolverine tubing pricing tables; Union Carbide tubing characteristics and pricing; working fluids and turbines for OTEC power system; and hydrodynamic design of prototype OTEC cold and warm seawater pumps. (WHK)


Pointer instrument in the industrial areas of the need for regular manual inspection,existing segmentation method is difficult to precisely image segmentation. Computationally intensive,powerful image processing capabilities of research based on Matlab software,snake model method is introduced to complete the image on the dial reads. Initialization positioning,segmentation dial is accurated. Intelligent precise purpose of the dial position is detected,To replace the lack of a manual inspection,the results show that,the snake model takes advantage of its dynamic features. the energy function to always converge to a local minimum,is better segmentation effect.


Article is devoted to modern problems of post-stroke patients with hypertension. For this purpose the analysis of the daily analysis of BP and dynamics of cognitive violations were performed. The views of the most famous scientists of our time in the field, and also the results and conclusions of our own research are presented in the article. Our findings confirm the hypotensive therapy aimed at the recovery of SBP in the range of 125-134 mm Hg to improve patients' cognitive functions and life quality.


The main purpose of this study was to assess the Effect of Paupers' Suits Expenses undertaken by the Court as Corporate Social Responsibility on Performance of Magistrate Courts in Kitui County. The target population was all the four magistrate courts in Kitui County. A descriptive correlational survey research design was be adopted for the study and utilized the key informant method in data collection. Both primary and secondary data were used in this study. Primary data was collected through the use of key informant method and a self- administered questionnaire. Secondary data on the other hand, was obtained from the already written literature which used to cross-validate and check the consistency of the questionnaire responses. The questionnaire was pre-tested on pilot respondents who did not form part of the study respondents but knowledgeable in the study aspects in order to ensure their validity and relevance. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to measure the reliability of the scale and the data collection instruments were administered to all the four magistrate courts in Kitui County. After the data as collected, the researcher edited them to ensure their completeness and consistency, Coding and classification then followed to ensure sufficient analysis. The data was then entered and analyzed by simple descriptive analysis using statistical package for social scientists (SPSS) version twelve to generate cumulative frequencies and percentages. The data was then analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics.


The principal theme of this book is the advocacy of a particular account of and approach to pronouncements about human rights. The subsidiary theme is the explanation of why the USA has been reluctant to accept as an entire package this particular account and approach. Throughout, a contrast is made – in favour of the latter – between what is considered to be the liberal and the human rights perspective in relation to national and global politics. Blau and Moncada write:


We study criticalities of generalized Schrödinger operators in terms of the Schrödinger forms induced by generalized Feynman-Kac perturbations of symmetric Markov processes, which extend earlier work due to Takeda [26]. The related functional inequalities and analytic characterizations of criticalities of Schrödinger forms are given. As applications, we establish some maximum principles via the analytic characterization.


Time and space are ubiquitous aspects of reality. Temporal and spatial information appear together in many everyday activities, and many information systems of modern life should be able to handle such information. For example, information systems for traffic control, fleet management, environmental management, military applications, local and public administration, and academic institutions need to manage information with spatial characteristics that change over time, or in other words, spatiotemporal information. The need for spatio-temporal applications has been strengthened by recent developments in mobile telephony technology, mobile computing, positioning technology, and the evolution of the World Wide Web. Research and technology that aim at the development of Database Management Systems (DBMSs) that can handle spatial, temporal, and spatio-temporal information have been developed over the last few decades. The embedding of spatio-temporal capabilities in DBMSs and GISs is a hot research area that will continue to attract researchers and the informatics industry in the years to come. In spatio-temporal applications, many sorts of spatiotemporal information appear. For example, an area covered by an evolving storm, the changing population of the suburbs of a city, the changing coast lines caused by ebb and tide. However, one sort of spatio-temporal information is quite common (and in some respects easier to study) and has attracted the most research efforts: moving objects or points, for example, a moving vehicle, an aircraft, a wandering animal. One key issue for the development of an efficient spatio-temporal DBMS (STDBMS) is the use of spatiotemporal access methods at the physical level of the DBMS. The efficient storage, retrieval, and querying of spatio-temporal information demands the use of specialized indexing techniques that minimize the cost during management of such information. In this article, we report on the research efforts that have addressed the indexing of moving points and other spatio-temporal information. Moreover, we discuss the possible research trends within this area of rising importance.


Fluid inclusions in ore skarn minerals reflect the physiochemical nature of the solutions present during the skarn-forming process. Because of the dense nature of skarn minerals and the dynamic processes operative during skarn genesis, sufficient primary fluid inclusions are usually present. Ore skarn solutions, as opposed to metamorphic skarn or ore vein solutions, have much higher CaCl2 contents and usually very high formation temperatures (>500°C) and salinities (>40 wt % T.D.S.). Temperatures and salinities generally decrease away from the solution source, both in time and space. The gradients found at greater distances from the source in distal (far from contact) skarns tend to be less (e.g. 210–350°C) for a particular skarn stage to that in proximal (near contact) skarns (e.g. 400–650°C). This information is useful for delineating the parts of such a hydrothermal system. Temperatures also tend to decrease with time, which is reflected by the superimposition of various overprinting, retrograde mineral stages. In a few areas (e.g. Naica, Mexico) intermittent boiling of ore solutions occurs, periodically elevating both temperatures and salinities, but commonly boiling only occurs early in skarn genesis just after an early, commonly lower temperature, phase.

Most fluid inclusions represent a mix of'exhaust'or reacted solutions with minor unreacted or new (pre-) ore solution components. Limited data on the distribution of elements present in fluid inclusions that do not normally take part in skarn genesis (Na, K and Cl) indicate that their proportions reflect the nature of the associated pluton. High KC1 contents are found in skarns adjacent to high K granitoids, whereas high NaCl contents are found in skarns adjacent to calcic granitoids.

In many examples, daughter minerals present in minor proportions in opened fluid inclusion cavities reflect the metal characteristics of the ore solution. Small rare-earth metal, tungsten, zinc and copper daughter(?) minerals have been identified. The temperature and (or) salinity data for skarns of different metal or geological type is not particularly useful to delineate whether a skarn locality is part of a more complex, as yet unexplored system. Solutions in Pb–Zn skarns tend to be lower-temperature (150–400°C) and more dilute (<30 wt % T.D.S.) than in other skarn types, but exceptions occur.


This article compared different distribution of electromagnetic density on the periphery assessing scope according to the varied designing parameters on height,power and antenna style of a radiated television tower.The calculation showed that the rational designing can avoid the electromagnetic pollution.The author suggested that we should pay more attention to the small sized radiated television tower with low transmitting power and low height.