In this note we show that if f belongs to Hp(Rn)\capLs(Rn), where 0 < p <= 1 < s < 1, then there exists a (p;infinite)-atomic decomposition which converges to f in Ls(Rn). From this fact, we prove that a bounded operator T on Ls(Rn) can be extended to a bounded operator from Hp(Rn) into Lp(Rn) if and only if T is bounded uniformly in Lp norm on all (p;infinite)-atoms. A similar result is also obtained from Hp(Rn) into Hp(Rn).


The purpose of this research is to clarify the meaning of meals from children′s viewpoints by introducing meal time observations in nurseries, kindergartens, and ordinary home settings. The research focuses on the meal times of children through close observation and analysis of their behaviors and actions, as well as to discover the most enjoyable meal time environment for children. In nurseries and kindergartens, it is considered important for children to finish all food given during each meal period. However, the research shows that many children were not happy when they were repeatedly asked to finish all the food that was not eaten or that they did not like within a designated time frame. On the other hand, during meal times surrounded by family, consideration and understanding by family members was observed, resulting in positive responses from children and an enjoyable and freer atmosphere. The research observes that meal times for children are not only for simply eating, but more importantly, a time to slowly enjoy the moment in a freely felt environment with responsive, considerate, and understanding adults. This is considered to help make meal times more enjoyable for children. Ultimately, it is clearly important to value children′s viewpoints during meal times, for the outcome of meal time consumption for children will depend on their feelings to the environment the participating adults help to create.


We studied behaviour, silage eating and milk production of cows when every animal had an own silage feeding place and when the feeding place was shared with two other cows.


Over the past few decades, many research efforts have been dedicated to qualitatively and quantitatively evaluate resilience in different domains. As compared with research areas in social science and ecology, the concept of resilience in the engineering domain is relatively new. In the engineering domain, studies on resilience mostly focus on civil infrastructure. It is important to extend the concept of resilience to a broad range of engineering applications. The field environments of complex engineering systems vary with different applications. Even with the same component/system applied in different field environments, the ability, time, and resources required by failure detection, diagnosis, and restoration can be different. Hence, it is critical to introduce a new dimension, random field environment (RFE), into the development of the mathematical model for quantifying resilience. This article first introduces a new definition of resilience and then proposes a general RFE-based multidimensional time-dependent resilience model connecting reliability, vulnerability, and recoverability. Besides, we present a specific RFE-based multidimensional time-dependent resilience model by considering the specified functions of the impact of the RFE on system performance and recovery. Furthermore, we extend the proposed resilience model by incorporating multiple failure paths of complex systems. Finally, we apply the proposed resilience model to vehicular edge computing networks to evaluate the vehicular network resilience with the disruptive events on the communication links.


Reduced physical activity and having a migration background are both associated with higher loneliness; however, the moderating role of migration background in the association between loneliness and physical activity remains largely unknown.


The challenge of reducing cost of energy (CoE) is one of the most triggering issues in relation to the establishment of offshore wind farms. In this context the role of purchasing gains relevance, as wind farm projects entail large scale procurement and involve several suppliers. This article focuses on identifying to which extent cost-effective purchasing activities are taken into consideration when establishing offshore wind farms. This is done through a case study that followed purchasing practices in a North European offshore wind farm project. Preliminary findings indicate that: • Purchasing seems to be a somewhat unconscious process and characterized by individual organizational goals. • Supplier selection process is to a high extent based on offshore track record and earlier project collaboration. • Project purchasing competencies are biased between the technical and commercial personnel. In order to reduce CoE in offshore wind farm projects, project purchasing deserves to be taken into consideration as a contributor to a more efficient supply chain.


Introduction: Pain as a complex process in the CNS has been extensively studied by many researchers. It has been found that pain is controlled by certain pathways in the CNS, one of most important of which is the descending noradrenergic system. The pathway begins with Locus Coeruleus (LC) nucleus and ends in the spinal cord. In this study, formalin test was used as a chemical and tonic pain test to determine the role of LC in modulating pain in this pathway. Methods: 30 Sprague-Dawley rats with mean±SD weight of 280±30 g were divided into 6 groups (3 test and 3 control groups). In the test groups, 0.5 μL lidocaine was injected in the left LC (group 1), right LC (group 2) or both LC (group 3) to make local anesthesia. Half μL of normal saline was injected to controls (groups 4-6). After 15 min of injection, 50 μL of 2.5% of formalin was injected SQ to the left hind paw of rats and the level of nociception was recorded every 15 sec for one hour. Results: The induction of unilateral pain (right hind paw) in rats, can affect not only the contralateral but also the ipsilateral LC nucleus. Conclusion: The left and right LC nuclei have significant role on unidirectional nociception in formalin test in rats. The ipsilateral LC, however, has a minor effect on nociception.


This thesis explores the questions of how and why indigenous curation is incorporated into collections care and management for American Indian sacred, ceremonial, and religious items at the Denver Museum of Nature and Science (DMNS) through the examination of staff discourse. This thesis also discusses the importance of incorporating non-Western ontologies and epistemologies into classically Western science and natural history museums, and how this helps reconcile differing collections care and management practices. Through the presentation and examination of data and literature, I argue that it is important to include indigenous curation in museums because it aids in cultural revitalization and reclamation for Native Americans, and that incorporating indigenous curatorial methods and alternative ontologies and epistemologies aids in the decolonization process in museums. This argument is presented through a case study of the Anthropology Department at the Denver Museum of Nature and Science.


This paper has presented the control strategy of Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation in over-modulation range by contrast. Based on the three-level inverter vector control theory, the cause of over-modulation generated is explained. Several typical over-modulation control strategies are summarized in detail, such as typical dual-mode strategy, typical single-mode strategy, the minimum phase angle error strategy and the minimum amplitude error strategy. Over-modulation algorithm can improve effectively output fundamental voltage, shorten the motor dynamic response time, and expand steady-state operating region. But some problems included harmonic current issue and DC bus voltage instability are pointed out. To deal with these problems, the improved over-modulation algorithms have an effective influence on accurate control of system.


W e discussthe im plicationsofnew physics,which m odi(cid:12) esthe m atter e(cid:11) ect in neutrino oscillations, to long baseline experim ents, particularly theM INO S experim ent.An analyticform ula in thepresenceofsuch a new physics interaction is derived for P ( (cid:23) ! e ),which is exact in the lim it (cid:1) m 221 ! 0.


The feature selection has been widely used to reduce the data dimensionality. Data reduction improve the classification performance, the approximation function, and pattern recognition systems in terms of speed, accuracy and simplicity. A strategy to reduce the number of features in local search are the sequential search algorithms. In this work is presented a feature selection method based on Sequential Forward Selection (SFS) and Feed Forward Neural Network (FFNN) to estimate the prediction error as a selection criterion. Three well-known database have been used to test the SFS-FFNN with Artificial Metaplasticity on Perceptron Multilayer (AMMLP). The AMMLP is a new method applied for classification of patterns. The results obtained by SFS-FFNN with AMMLP in classification accuracy are superior than obtained by conventional BP algorithm and other recent feature selection algorithms applied to the same database. By these reasons the proposed method SFS-FFNN with AMMLP is an interesting alternative to reduce the data dimensionality and provide a high accuracy.


© The invention relates to a process for transforming cells and to a recombinant DNA molecule for use therein. Said recombinant DNA molecule is a multifunctional linker comprising a DNA sequence which is homologous to a part of the receptor genome, an operator sequence and either a sequence which allows replication in a microorganism or a sequence which allows for integrative recombination in a vector. Preferably, said multifunctional linker also contains a gene whose expression can be detected in a microorganism, a gene whose expression can be detected in the receptor, a sequence which promotes recombination, and/or a hairpin structure at one or both ends. The transformation process uses donor DNA coupled to the multifunctional linker and allows for early success followed by further characterization of the donor DNA and its phenotypic impact. A BanHI-HSG-RS-atB-p 0£ Uc-Chl-3glII


Learning-based robot arm grasping approach attracts increasing interests recently. The algorithm needs to accurately locate the grasping point and angle. Existing methods usually require large amount of training data from physical robotic trial or synthetic samples from simulation. The system can show promising result with pre-defined objects, but the performance may degrade for novel objects without annotation. Inspired by the fact that we can usually have a large set of pre-collected training data from external source, but only a small quantity of data for the target novel objects, we introduce a new deep adaptation learning approach that is able to transfer the grasping knowledge from the source domain with known objects to target domain with novel objects. Partially or totally not labeled target domain data can be employed in our method. A label propagation scheme is further utilized for domain transfer learning. Experiments on a Baxter robot demonstrate substantial grasp accuracy improvement with the proposed approach even the target objects are totally unlabeled.


"A lunatic language must be born to allow lunatics to express themselves in the face of an age of lunacy."' This maxim is Werewere Liking's assessment of the state of discourse in African arts and letters. Citing contemporaries, dramatist-novelist-poetpainter Liking draws attention to a conscious effort to forge another aesthetic language: "Writing my book demanded that I invent a lexicon capable of rendering the tropical situation through its sonorities" (Sony Labou Tansi). These writers are impelled, as Jean-Marie Adiaffi says, "to depart from the specificity of African literature to innovate, find new forms," to find such "new" forms as "fables, which see tomorrow with today's eyes" (Sony Labou Tansi); "recitals of a litany of dreams and nightmares" (Henri Lopes); and "chant-novels," chants romans (Werewere Liking). Although Liking refers only to Francophone writers, we could complement her list with the names of any number of Anglophone novelists such as Ayi Kwei Armah, in his later works; Ngugi wa Thiong'o; Nuruddin Farah; Bessie Head, and others. For what is Head's A Question of Power, if not "a litany of dreams and nightmares" taken to its limit? Calling for a recognition of "new aesthetic paradigms," nouvelles esthitiques, innovative forms, Liking is addressing what Sewanou Diabla refers to in his Nouvelles ecritures africaines2 as the "malaises des consciences africaines," the organic malignancy afflicting the collective African social and spiritual body, for which they seek, in literary terms, healing, purgation, therapy. For Liking, a source of the needed purgative is traditional ritual adapted to contemporary conditions. Having experienced the Bassa rituals of initiation, healing the sick, death and mourning while growing up, Liking recognized manifestations of a kind of dynamic language that she was seeking.3 She discusses her notion of the nouvelles esthitiques in the ILENA paper cited here in the opening statement. Advocating the legitimate subverting of rigid genre boundaries, she points to an African aesthetics characterized by "a) a greater liberty that strikes down all genres, and b) deployment of symbolic elements not just for their meaning and content (the signified), but also and especially for the texture and sensuality of the signs themselves, for their unaccustomed encounter and for their very vibration, as it were." "Descriptive language and the imaginative," she continues, "must be liberated from all logical formation and from the restraints of verisimilitude. They should serve to create a series of images intended to provoke an emotional explosion which can liberate the reader, turning him/her into a creator also"4 (thus re/uniting the audience and the artist/writer). Noting that such a mixing was in the oldest of African traditions, where there were no binary oppositions of sacred/profane, mystical/mundane, tragic/comedic, Liking


Abstract Tripura is one of the north-eastern state of India. Studies relating body development through anthropometric measurements relating to general health and well-being in this population are not available. The present investigation was aimed to assess the nutritional and growth status of children of South Tripura using anthropometric measurements. For the present study, 152 students in the age range of 6 to 10 years were selected at random from schools of south Tripura. The subjects were divided into five age groups. Different anthropometric characteristics, viz., height, weight, mid upper arm circumference (MUAC) of the subjects were measured. The general physical status of children was assessed from height for age, weight for age, weight for height and BMI. Results showed that undernutrition prevailed among these children. The average height and weight among children were found to be lesser than the standard recommended by ICMR. The Mid Upper Arm Circumference MUAC of children were lower in both gender-groups when compared with World Health Organization(WHO) standards. The overall frequency of Chronic Energy Malnutrition in boys (BMI < 18.5 kg/m2) was 97.4% and in girls the frequency was 100%. Based on the WHO classification, the prevalence of Chronic Energy Malnutrition among this population was high and the situation may be considered as serious.


The author analyzes the evolution of a political phenomenon, which appeared during the electoral cycle of 2007-2008 in Russia and which it has become common to define by a misterious word "tandem". The analysis is not reduced to interpretation of relations between President Medvedev and Prime-Minister Putin only, but concerns the most fundamental problems and antagonisms of social, political, and cultural development of Russia in XX and early XXI century. The author uncovers the internal contradictions of the "tandem" construction deriving from conflictness of two strategies of the country's development, personified by the one and the other leaders in this "tandem".


Objective To observe histopathology changes in the main organs of Kunming(KM) mice after intraperitoneally injection of beryllium sulfate(BeSO4·4H2O).Methods Thirty 6-week old male KM mice were randomly divided into three groups,administered with saline solution of the beryllium sulfate by intraperitoneally injection every other day for two weeks.The organ coefficients were detected and pathological changes were examined by HE staining.Results Compared with the control group,the organ coefficients of testis,heart,spleen,kidney were not significantly changed,the organ coefficients of lung and liver were changed with significant differences(P0.05).As for the liver and lung histopathology,it was normal in the control group,but the low dose experimental group presented congestion,hyperemia,bronchiectasic hemorrhage,slight alveolar inflammatory exudates,peribronchitis,interstitial pneumonia and lobular pneumonia.The lung tissue in the high dose experimental group presented bronchiectasic hemorrhage,severe bronchial inflammatory exudates,peribronchial alveolar ectasia,interstitial pneumonia,lobular pneumonia and confluent bronchopneumonia.Swelling of hepatocytes,and spotty and focal necrosis were seen in the liver of mice in the low dose experimental group.The high dose experimental group showed obvious liver damages such as swelling of most hepatocytes and disorganized arrangement of hepatocytes.A strong cytoplasmic vacuolar degeneration,obvious spotty and focal necrosis and inflammatory cell infiltration,acidophilic denaturation of hepatocytes surrounding the necrotic areas,slight pyknotic hepatocyte nuclei,more or less cytoplasmic rarefaction,apparent widening of hepatic sinusoids and central vein with denaturation and necrosis were often observed changes.The testis,heart,spleen and kidney in the model group showed normal histopathological appearance.Conclusions Beryllium sulfate injected intraperitoneally in the doses used in this study induce apparent damages in the lung and liver tissue of mice,but other organs are not obviously affected.


The invention discloses a millimeter wave double-reflecting-face antenna with near-field uniform wave beams. The millimeter wave double-reflecting-face antenna comprises a base seat, a main reflecting face, an auxiliary reflecting face and a corrugated horn feed source. The corrugated horn feed source is fixed on the base seat. The auxiliary reflecting face is fixed in front of the corrugated horn feed source. The main reflecting face is fixed on the back of the corrugated horn feed source. The millimeter wave double-reflecting-face antenna is characterized in that the central area of the main reflecting face is in an ellipsoid face shape similar to focus, the area, close to the outer edge, of the main reflecting face is in a corrugated fluctuating face shape composed of annular convex-concaves, the main reflecting face shape of the double-reflecting-face antenna is improved, millimeter wave beams radiated from a feed source horn go through reflection by the auxiliary reflecting face and the main reflecting face, special opening face phase distribution is formed, pen-shaped wave beams even in power density and wave beam radius are generated in the distance ranging from 1.2m to 4.0m in a near field, and shake is less than 10%. The millimeter wave double-reflecting-face antenna can be widely used in the field such as millimeter wave short-range communication, millimeter wave imaging and millimeter wave power wireless transmission.


Presented data are the result of a two-year study aimed at identifying effective preparations for the disinfection of cabbage seeds from black rot. The best result was obtained by presowing treatment with 0.15% peracetic acid. In this case, the biological efficiency was 94.1–97.6%, which significantly exceeded the corresponding indicator in the reference variant – Phytolavin, VRK, 0.2% (69.0–72.0%). The study has not revealed any significant effect of advance treatment of seeds with peracetic acid (550 days before sowing) on their laboratory germination.


The boundaries of the active, passive, and transpassive regions were established, and the rates of solution and of the cathode process in a wide potential range were determined in relation to the steel composition and the concentrations of HNO/sub 3/ and the reducing agents. 1 figure, 3 tables.


There are at least two stories of Enron Corp. First is the business story: Houston-based energy giant takes a big (and mysterious) charge, raising questions about its accounting. Its lenders yank their lines of credit, the company collapses, and the massive problem of reorganizing its tangled and far-flung affairs begins. Then there's the scandal. This is a complex and still unfolding story, replete with document shredding, political donations, phone calls to administration officials, unloading of shares by senior executives, an apparent suicide, and charges of accounting fraud stemming from a bewildering array of off-balance sheet entities with curious names. In this paper, the author details hoe the blame falls not just on faulty bookkeeping and inflated expectations, but also on a fashionable but questionable model of stewardship.


Optimization algorithms can see their local convergence rates deteriorate when the Hessian at the optimum is singular. These singularities are inescapable when the optima are non-isolated. Yet, under the right circumstances, several algorithms preserve their favorable rates even when optima form a continuum (e.g., due to over-parameterization). This has been explained under various structural assumptions, including the Polyak--{\L}ojasiewicz inequality, Quadratic Growth and the Error Bound. We show that, for cost functions which are twice continuously differentiable ($\mathrm{C}^2$), those three (local) properties are equivalent. Moreover, we show they are equivalent to the Morse--Bott property, that is, local minima form differentiable submanifolds, and the Hessian of the cost function is positive definite along its normal directions. We leverage this insight to improve local convergence guarantees for safe-guarded Newton-type methods under any (hence all) of the above assumptions. First, for adaptive cubic regularization, we secure quadratic convergence even with inexact subproblem solvers. Second, for trust-region methods, we argue convergence can fail with an exact subproblem solver, then proceed to show linear convergence with an inexact one (Cauchy steps).


Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and electron‐nuclear double resonance (ENDOR) have been used to characterize Mn2+ (3d5) ions in CdGeAs2 crystals grown by the horizontal Bridgman method. These samples were p‐type with room‐temperature hole concentrations ranging from 2 × 1015 cm–3 to 5 × 1016 cm–3. The Mn2+ ions substitute for the Cd2+ ions in this tetragonal chalcopyrite lattice, and form "deep" isoelectronic centers. Their g values and crystal‐field parameters are g ‖ = 2.0025, g ⊥ = 2.0011, D = 118.8 MHz, a + 2/3F = 18.4 MHz, and a = –0.3 MHz. The hyperfine and nuclear electric quadrupole parameters for the 55Mn nucleus are A ‖ = –154.94 MHz, A ⊥ = –155.69 MHz, and P = 0.622 MHz. Hyperfine parameters for one set of nearby Cd nuclei and two sets of nearby As nuclei were also determined using ENDOR. No evidence was found in these doped bulk crystals to suggest that Mn4+ ions substitute for Ge4+ ions. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


Conclusions : Enteric fever is endemic in Ahmedabad and its diagnosis and treatment poses certain problems. The aim of the study was to study the clinical and hematological profile, culture positivity rate, sensitivity patterns of and response to antimicrobial therapy. This was a prospective study of all the patients who were clinically suspected and had either positive blood culture or Widaltest with significantly raised titre in a tertiary care private hospital in Ahmedabad over the period from January to December 2012. Culture positivity rate in our study was 49.35 %. Of the total isolates, 89.5 % were and 10.5% were . All the isolates were sensitive to third generation cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones. The mean time to defervescence, when ceftriaxone was used as a single drug was 3.9 and 5.9 days, in those who received prior antibiotics and those who did not, respectively. High culture positivity despite prior antibiotics was seen. Also, low prevalence of resistance to ampicillin, amoxicillin and chloramphenicol and 100 % sensitivity to nalidixic acid and third generation cephalosporins was seen. Ceftriaxone was used as a monotherapy and was found to be highly efficacious. Salmonella enterica


Here's a scary situation: let's say you manufacture or sell your product outside the United States, or you plan to in the future.


In this research the physicochemical characteristics and fatty acids composition of oil extracted from blackberry ( Rubus glaucus Benth) residue were determined. Mature fruits from ''La Colonia Tovar'', Aragua state, Venezuela harvested on April 2001, were processed to obtain seeds and residues of pulp. This residue was extracted with n-hexane (Soxhlet method). The crude oil was assayed by means of COVENIN and AOCS methods. The results showed: Iodine index 160.16 cg I 2 /g, refraction index to 25oC 1.4780 , saponification value 193.76 mg K0H/g, peroxide value 30.40 meq 0 2 /kg, free fatty acidity 2.83% (oleic acid), insaponifiable value 2.77%, phosphorus content 0.22% and stability 3.09 h (AOM). The major fatty acids found were oleic acid (55.39%) and linoleic acid (29.51%).


Can we enforce democracy as a subjective right
(good as regard the State) for the protection of its affiliates
rights' from a political party (legal entity of private law)?
According to the historical jurisprudence of the Brazilian
Supreme Court (Supremo Tribunal Federal), the answer to
this inquiry is negative, considering that the political party
autonomy, consecrated in the article 17, § 1° of the Federal
Constitution, repulse any possibility of State intervention
in the private issues of the political parties. Therefore, all
issues referring to the structure, organization and functionament
of the political parties stands only to the statute of
these legal entities of private law. Although, the Supreme
Court respectable understanding make difficult the equal
and effective political participation among the citizens on
the administrative and deliberative issues, because political
parties' statutes generally does not guarantee equal rights to
its affiliates. As a result, we observe a meaningful deficit of
democratic legitimation at the entire political-representative
system. In this context, the present article will demonstrate
the incidence of the democratic principle within the political
parties (horizontal effectiveness), concluding for the possibility
to enforce the congressman to enact law in the sense to offer a minimum regulation at the internal structure of these
political parties. The main objective is the protection of the
subjective rights, considering the integrative reading between
private autonomy of the political parties and the individual
rights of political participation derived from the citizens.


The invention discloses an air resistance-reduced ship with a front propelling plant and a skeg course control system. The major structure, common functions and basic characteristics of the conventional ship are remained, and a ship which is provided with the combined front propelling plant and the skeg course control system and reduces frictional resistance through air lubrication is specially designed. The course is controlled by thrust generated by a propeller in a skeg, a grid stepped multi-nest structure with a downward opening is arranged at the bottom, air is delivered into or discharged from nests timely through a control system and an air supply and discharge system, an isolation state between the water quantity in the nests and a hull bottom is regulated, frictional resistance is reduced, the stability of the ship is improved, a wave eliminating bow is matched with a bow propeller to change a water pressure field around the bow, and wave-making resistance is reduced. The air resistance-reduced ship with the front propelling plant and the skeg course control system has the advantages of better course control, stabilization performance and reduction of energy loss so as to effectively improve the dynamic performance and seagoing capability of the ship.


Through the process test of hi-frequency annealing of punching-quenching and rolling,contrast analysis is done to the rigidity of wires of different serials under hi-frequency and conventional conditions.Conclusion is made that hi-frequency is good in improving rigidity of wires.


Energy availability at wireless transducer nodes is an essential requirement to observe at the network development stage. Know the amount of energy that should be present at the transducer node, at a specific time, to perform a predefined task, will contribute to the understanding of how much efficient the energy management should be. Energetic evaluation of transducers, with different internal structures, allows to conclude about the requirements. An operating model to support network devices with energy restrictions is proposed and discussed. An experimental setup assesses the proposal's performance and how it contributes to improving energy efficiency at the transducer node.


In this paper a number of supplementary studies and applications associated with probabilistic safety assessment (PSA) are described, including sensitivity and importance evaluations of failures, errors, systems, and groups of components. The main purpose is to illustrate the usefulness of a PSA for making decisions about safety improvements, training, allowed outage times, and test intervals. A useful measure of uncertainty importance is presented, and it points out areas needing development, such as reactor vessel aging phenomena, for reducing overall uncertainty. A time-dependent core damage frequency is also presented, illustrating the impact of testing scenarios and intervals. Tea methods and applications presented are based on the Level 1 PSA carried out for the internal initiating event of the Loviisa 1 nuclear power station. Steam generator leakages and associated operator actions are major contributors to the current core-damage frequency estimate of 2 {times}10{sup {minus}4}/yr. The results are used to improve the plant and procedures and to guide future improvements.


With the help of the method presented here the effects of intervention programs for promoting the ability for communicative or discoursive action can be interpreted. This study describes a construct validation of the so-called Situated Method. This method assesses to what extent a training for fostering the ability to analyse conversational contents contributes to the subjects' reasoned decisions for conversational reactions. It was examined whether the conversational decision making in the test is related with the antecedent conversational analyses conducted by a subject. The results show that the relation between the decision making and the analyses conforms to the theoretical assumptions. With regard to construct validation, the method can be described as valid. Furthermore, both the user-friendliness and the authenticity of the method, which is constructed as a multimedia test environment, are positively evaluated.


A small design change in a previously published model of an all‐quartz high‐pressure optical cell is described that allows its use without any need for corrections in the abosorbance.


With the gradual deep exploitation of the mine,the surrounding rock mass in the roadway has such characteristics as high ground pressure,large distortion and is difficult to support,which can cause difficulties to control the distortion of surrounding rock with anchor-net support and not be able to meet the demand of safe production.By means of a study on failure mechanism of the 1100 horizontal roadway in the Huafeng coal mine,the conceptions of U-shaped supporting section and closed support were put forward,and the carrying capacity of floor and the resistance to creep of roadway were strengthened.According to the research on rheological characteristics of surrounding rock mass in a kilometer deep mine,a longer time and distance can be obtained for permanent support,while the ground pressure around the roadway was released and became stable.Then the incompact rock block was consolidated to unity with anchoring and grouting in permanent support,and the cohesive strengths and internal friction angles of the surrounding rock were also improved,which make the surrounding rock mass change from soft to hard and no-supported effect to support structure.Meanwhile,the bole strengthened and the reinforcement effect achieved the purpose of permanent safety support for the roadway.


The potential health hazards of trihalomethanes (THMs) contamination in drinking water in Shenzhen were estimated. The concentrations of THMs in drinking water from 13 centralized water supply systems were determined from Jan 2015 to Dec 2016 in Shenzhen. The water environmental health risk assessment model recommended by USEPA was established based on the water monitoring data of THMs. Preliminary health risks of THMs through ingestion of drinking water were assessed. The median concentrations of THMs, TCM, DBCM, BDCM and TBM in drinking water were 37.0, 24.5, 2.3, 7.8 and 0.3 μg/L respectively. The values of carcinogenic risks for THMs, TCM, DBCM, BDCM, and TBM to the individual per year in drinking water were 4.52 × 10-5, 2.38 × 10-5, 6.07 × 10-6, 1.52 × 10-5 and 7.45 × 10-8 respectively. The values of non-carcinogenic risks for THMs, TCM, DBCM, BDCM and TBM to the individual per year in drinking water were 9.32 × 10-2, 7.68 × 10-2, 3.61 × 10-3, and 1.23 × 10-2 and 4.71 × 10-4 respectively. The health risk caused by THMs to the individual through ingestion of drinking water was in the order of TCM, BDCM, DBCM and TBM from high to low. The carcinogenic risks induced by THMs through ingestion of drinking water are acceptable with tolerable value offered by USEPA (1.0 × 10-6 - 1.0 × 10-4), but reached to the tolerable value (5.0 × 10-5) by International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP). The non-carcinogenic risk of THMs is tolerable (HI < 1).


Analysis of multitransitional CS and CO observations toward the class I intermediate-mass young stellar object NGC 2264 IRS indicates that the outflow associated with this source dominates the kinematic structure of the CS J = 2 → 1, J = 3 → 2, and J = 5 → 4 spectra. For example, toward the source, centroid velocities (the first moments) of these line profiles increase with increasing optical depth; i.e., the emission becomes increasingly redshifted, which is expected for outflow from a central source. In contrast, the CS J = 7 → 6 spectrum toward NGC 2264 IRS is asymmetric, having a single blueshifted peak with a red shoulder, which suggests the possible presence of infall toward NGC 2264 IRS. In addition, the centroid velocities for the CS J = 7 → 6 line become more negative (lines are blueshifted) as one approaches the source perpendicular to the outflow. Furthermore, the CS J = 7 → 6 line is blueshifted relative to the CS J = 2 → 1, J = 3 → 2, and J = 5 → 4 lines toward NGC 2264 IRS. Integrated intensity contours of the CS J = 5 → 4 emission are extended in the direction of the outflow; however, the CS J = 7 → 6 emission is extended in the direction perpendicular to the outflow. We describe a preliminary attempt to model the CS J = 7 → 6 spectra with a Monte Carlo radiative transfer code (Choi et al.) using an inside-out collapse scenario (Shu).


Real time spectroscopic ellipsometry (RTSE) has been applied for in-situ monitoring and analysis of all three processing stages in the co-evaporation of copper indium-gallium diselenide (CuIn1-xGaxSe2; CIGS) for high efficiency photovoltaic devices. The first stage entails indium-gallium selenide (In1-xGax)2Se3 (IGS) deposition at a substrate temperature of 400°C on soda lime glass coated with opaque Mo. In this stage, an accurate deposition rate and the final IGS bulk and surface roughness layer thicknesses can be obtained. In the second stage, co-evaporation of Cu and Se converts the IGS film to CIGS at an elevated substrate temperature of 570°C. A bulk layer conversion model is justified and employed to analyze the second-stage RTSE data, resulting in steady-state IGS-to-CIGS thickness and volume fraction conversion rates. Near the end of the second stage, the formation of a Cu2-xSe layer on the CIGS surface can be tracked in terms of an effective thickness rate. The final Cu2-xSe effective thickness at the CIGS surface is obtained in a time interval spanning the end of the second stage to the beginning of the third. Finally, in the third stage, the Cu-rich CIGS/Cu2-xSe is converted to slightly Cu-poor CIGS by co-evaporation of In, Ga, and Se. In this stage, the thickness conversion rate, and the endpoint bulk and surface roughness layer thicknesses can be obtained. In the three stages, the thickness rates and final thicknesses yield information on the total elemental fluxes, and the roughness evolution yields information on grain growth and near-surface coalescence processes. Modeling of the dielectric functions in future studies is expected to yield compositional information and thus relative metallic fluxes. Variations in the RTSE-deduced information can yield insights into run-to-run irreproducibilities that influence the solar cell performance. The application of these capabilities in the fabrication of solar cells with thick (2.5 μm) and thin (0.3 μm) absorbers is demonstrated.


Women have a better chance of being interviewed and hired for faculty positions at US universities than their male colleagues, according to a new report from the National Academy of Sciences. The report, which looks at gender differences in the careers of American scientists, engineers and mathematicians, still finds, however, that far fewer women than men apply for professorships in the US.


The effect of inherent device limitations on the analog operating characteristics of a bucket-brigade delay line will be considered. In particular, the bandlimiting effect of cascading a large number of stages in series will be described, and the means of accommodating or compensating for such limitations discussed.


Suggesting that the royal houses of Renaissance Europe were "consciously. . . intensifying the mystique of monarchy" because rulers were "assuming more and more of a messianic role in an age which had witnessed the breakdown of the universal church and the shattering of the old cosmology," Roy Strong argues for the consequent importance of images of the monarch.l Recent work on the "Siena/ Sieve" portrait (fig. 1) and the "Rainbow" portrait has established in impressive detail just how true this intensification had become for court artists in the last years of Elizabeth's reign.2 Strong's assertion, I will argue, also holds true for the work of Edmund Spenser as he produced perhaps the greatest portrait of Elizabeth's reign: Britomart in


This paper discusses the trajectory and production of the French architecture firm Kalt—Pouradier-Duteil—Vignal. This firm was very prolific in Africa from the late colonial period right up to the 1980s, the author argues, because of its flexibility towards the constantly changing political, economic and socio-cultural context in which it operated. It was first active in the colonial context of mise-en-valeur du territoire, refashioned itself in the post-independence era to become a major consultant to the European Union's development aid agency and ultimately realised various types of projects throughout West Africa for a wide range of clients, both African and foreign. While throughout this period, commissions for foreign architects in Africa were generally tied to a particular company, international (aid) organisation or (colonial) state agency—which meant that work opportunities ceased if the institutional framework disintegrated—KPDV managed to stay on the African scene for almost thirty years. By discussing a select number of projects designed by KPDV, the author will show that the office accomplished this by constantly reformulating its modes of design, research, building practices and project management in response to the quickly changing context in which it operated.


Cancer rehabilitation is an emerging discipline,with the development of integrated Chinese and Western medicine,Chinese medicine,such as improvement of organ function,reduce the radiation treatment and chemotherapy side effects,correcting fear of cancer and illness becoming a psychological barrier for advanced cancer to relieve pain and prolong life,improve the quality of life will play an increasing role.


Ion density and velocity measurements from the Dynamics Explorer 2 (DE 2) spacecraft are used to obtain the average magnetic local time versus invariant latitude distribution of irregularities in the high-latitude F region ionosphere. To study the small-scale structure and its relationship to background conditions in the ionosphere, we have formed a reduced database using 2-s (≈ 16 km) segments of the ion density and velocity data. The background gradients associated with each 2-s segment and the spectral characteristics, such as power at 6 Hz (≈ 1.3 km) and spectral index, are among the reduced parameters used in this study. The relationship between the observed plasma structure and its motion is complex and dependent on the externally applied fields as well as locally generated plasma structure. The evolution of plasma structures also depends critically on the conductivity of the underlying ionosphere. Observations indicate an enhancement of irregularity amplitudes in two spatially isolated regions in both the ion density and the velocity. Convective properties seem to play a more important role in winter hemisphere where smaller-scale structures axe maintained outside the source regions. ΔV irregularity amplitudes are enhanced in the cusp and the polar cap during northward interplanetary magnetic field regardless of season. The power in ΔV is usually higher than that associated with local polarization electric fields, suggesting that the observed structure in ΔN/N is strongly influenced by ΔV structure applied to large density gradients.


Myxobacteria exhibit a social life cycle with a variety of multicellular patterns. The rod-shaped cells glide along their long axis. Vegetative cells prey, grow and divide as individuals or in small swarms. Individual-based models of cohort migration have been reviewed in [1]. Under starvation conditions, bacteria start to act cooperatively, aggregate and finally build a multicellular structure, the fruiting body. Fruiting body formation is often preceded by a periodic pattern called rippling [2-5] (Fig. 1a). Bacteria organize into equally spaced ridges (dark regions) that are separated by regions with low cell density (light regions). We examine the temporal dynamics of the density profile along a line perpendicular to the ripples (white line in Fig. 1a). The resulting space-time plot reveals a periodically oscillating standing wave pattern (Fig. 1b) with a wavelength of about 10-20 cell length and a temporal period of 10 min. Single cells move unidirectionally with the ripple waves in a typical back-and-forth manner [4]. Intercellular communication is essential to maintain a complex life cycle as the one exhibited by Myxobacteria. While other bacteria and ameobae (e.g. Dictyostelium discoideum) signal via diffusible chemicals (chemotaxis), myxobacterial rippling apparently depends on the membrane-bound protein C-factor; here signalling requires close end-toend contact of cells [4]. Addition of C-factor (which can be extracted from rippling cells) increases the mean reversal frequency of cells [4]. Mutants that carry a mutation in the C-factor-encoding gene, are unable to ripple and aggregate. Experiments with dilutions of C-signal-competent cells such mutants exhibit an increased ripple wavelength [4]. Based on these findings Sager and Kaiser proposed the following mechanism for ripple formation: When two opposite moving cells collide head-on, they reverse their gliding direction due to exchange of C-factor [4]. In order to test this hypothesis we have designed a mathematical model.


"Genicot has combined his many skills to produce a book that will be invaluable to all readers interested in medieval civilization."--'Historian.' 'Johns Hopkins Symposia in Comparative History.


We analyze a study of 30 patients infected with human papillomavirus (HPV) without having spontaneous remission after one year as of the first diagnosis. The samples were collected between October 2014 and February 2017. Cervical swabs were analyzed both HPV genotyping by PCR and Reverse Line Blot, and cervical cytology by Pap testing.The study was carried out with the objective of verify the efficacy of O2 / O3 alone and in combination with other complementary measures. The patients were divided into two groups. a) Group O3 + (treated with ozone plus integrative therapy) : It was treated with intravaginal ozone, ozonated saline solution, micro-immunotherapy and administration IV of GSH, Se, Zinc and VitC. b) Ozone Group (treated exclusively with ozone) : It was administered with intravaginal ozone therapy alone. Although the number of patients does not allow a safe conclusion, the group of patients treated with ozone plus integrative therapy presented a great advantages (p˂0,05) compared to the group of patients treated exclusively with ozone. Positive (negative cytology after 3 months of finishing the therapy) Group O3 + (patients treated with ozone plus integrative therapy):16 de 20 => 80.0 % Ozone group (patients treated exclusively with ozone): 6 de 10 => 60.0 % It was shown that the synergy of the ozone therapy with the other treatments was more effective, permanent and harmless than the application of intravaginal ozone alone..


The two chapters mentioned in our title both contain pictures of a human figure being brought into the divine presence. It has long been recognized that there must be a relation of some sort between them; this is suggested by the common details of the description, the phraseology, as well as the general picture. It has been variously suggested that Daniel borrowed from Enoch, or vice versa, or that both were dependent on a common source. Let us look first at some points of contact. In En. xiv. 8-24 there is a description of Enoch being borne aloft into the divine presence; the Great Glory, surrounded by angels, sits on a lofty throne. In Dan. vii. 9-13 we have a similar description of the enthroned Ancient of Days surrounded by angels and approached by one like unto a son of man. If in the former passage we disregard verses 9-17, which describe the crystal walls and other scenic matters, and look at the main elements of the two passages, the similarities are so close that the question of their relationship forces itself upon us. As we shall argue later, there are good grounds for regarding Enoch as the earlier of the two writings; and the simplest solution would seem to be that the writer of Daniel is drawing upon En. xiv for his general description. In addition to the total picture there are these striking coincidences:


Robust knowledge about other vehicles around the ego-vehicle is fundamental for most advanced driver assistance systems. Typically, this task is solved by radar, lidar, mono or stereo camera systems. To get a higher accuracy, a combination of multiple sensors is proposed in this work. Infrared cameras are already available in many passenger cars, mainly for night vision purposes, e.g. detecting pedestrians or animals on the road. In this paper, we analyze the benefit of combining stereo-vision in the visible domain with monocular vision in infrared images. We use the task of vehicle detection as an experimental setting. In extensive experiments involving more than eight hours of driving, we demonstrate that the additional detection of vehicles in infrared images significantly improves the overall integrated system performance.


For the most part, religion and academia maintain compatible views. A few instances of contradiction, though, may induce cognitive dissonance in students working to integrate the two. Such dissonance can result in a cognitive stalemate; the students cannot move forward in their faith or their discipline because they are unable to reconcile one with the other. In an effort to prevent the dissonance from affecting students' academic performances, universities can offer the guidance of spiritual professors who have already reconciled their faith and discipline.


We present an aggregate four good model (consumption, investment and two government goods) in which the current flows of one government good are in part pure public intermediate goods. The other public good has "final" services for households. We are interested in a benefit approach to charging for government services that includes government services flowing directly to firms. The legal system is our representative intermediate public good and benefit charges to firms should include part of the maintenance of the legal system.


A light emitting chip and a light emitting device thereto. The light emitting chip, operating under DC power supply, comprising a substrate and a plurality of light emitting units. Such light-emitting units arranged on the substrate, and the area size of each of a number of light emitting units is the same or different, and the light emitting elements may be limited by a single driving voltage or a plurality of driving voltages segment driving respectively.


It is well known that thinned backside-illuminated CCD image sensors are very efficient for electron beam imaging. The authors have adapted an electron-bombarded (EB) CCD for application in UV and VUV spectral regions. This adaptation includes the creation of a shallow accumulation layer near the device backside surface either by ion implantation and annealing or by a certain chemical treatment of the surface. Preliminary experimental results confirm the applicability of the developed procedure in achieving a reasonable quantum efficiency. Some problems associated with the UV and VUV imagers design and fabrication are discussed.


A study is presented on the quality of full-time agriculture-related graduate professional degree training in six colleges and universities of agriculture or forestry.Areas investigated include student quality,curriculum,teaching methods,faculty, professional practicum,employment prospects and types of student theses.Results show that such training is still in its infancy and needs to be improved in many ways.On the basis of our analysis,recommendations are also made for the development of full-time agriculture-related graduate professional education.


submission: 15 February 2010 Registration & Hotel booking: 31 March 2010 NEESPI Northern Eurasia Earth Sciences Partnership Initiative LOICZ Land-Ocean Interactions in the Coastal Zone BONUS Baltic Organisations Network for Funding Science EEIG 6th Study Conference on BALTEX


The seismic assessment of historical masonry structures is a crucial field in architectural heritage. However, due to the large panel of these structures and the lack of numerical tools, vulnerability assessment of heritage buildings in seismic areas is still a complex issue in civil engineering. Through a case study dealing with baroque religious heritage in French Savoy, this paper presents the development of a simplified numerical strategy suitable for a large-scale study. Thanks to field surveys, a large data base has been built for 200 buildings. A limited number of homogeneous structural types have been defined. A parameterised meshing tool, suitable for finite element modelling has been developed, making it possible to take into account the specificities of each structural type. Then a dynamic analysis strategy is used to study the response of the model considering specific modelling variations. Finally, damage criterion choice is discussed comparing numerical results and in situ post-seismic feedback.


The spectrum of recessive disease mutations in a population reflects the history of its peoples. We have previously identified mutations on 241 out of 242 investigated Northern Irish phenylketonuria chromosomes (Zschocke et al., Am J Hum Genet 57:1311-17, 1995). Subsequently we undertook to link the common mutations to the different peoples who have contributed to the Irish genepool. I65T is the second commonest PKU mutation in Ireland as well as Spain. It was probably present in the original Palaeolithic peoples of Western Europe who arrived in Ireland in the Mesolithic period, after 8000 BC. R408W (haplotype 1) in contrast, the commonest Irish PKU mutation, may have been prevalent in the Neolithic farmers who settled after 4500 BC. No mutation was identified that could represent European Celtic populations. This supports the view that the adoption of Celtic culture and language in Ireland did not involve major migration from the continent. Several less common mutations can be traced to the Norwegian Atlantic coast and were probably introduced into Ireland by Vikings, either directly or through their descendants immigrating from Scotland. This indicates that PKU has not been introduced to Norway from the British Isles, as has been previously argued. The rarity in N. Ireland of IVS12nt1, the commonest mutation in Denmark and England, indicates that the English colonialisation of Ireland over the centuries did not alter the local genepool in a direction that could be described as Anglo-Saxon. Our results show that culture and language of a population can be independent from their genetic heritage.


This study was carried out to determine the potential of Girei Rice Husk Ash (RHA) as reinforcement in metal matrix composite. Rice husk from local millers in Girei market in Adamawa state was collected, prepared and burned in metallurgical furnace at temperatures of 500 o C, 600 o C, 700 o C, 800 o C and 900 o C and the percentage ash yields determined. The resulting ashes were analysed using X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) machine to determine their chemical oxide composition. The result shows that the resulting ash yield based on mass basis were 19.167%, 17.823%, 17.572%, 21.789% and 21.826% at 500 o C, 600 o C, 700 o C, 800 o C and 900 o C respectively. The ashes were found to contain high percentage of silica content of 96.841%, 96.256%, 97.096%, 96.691% and 96.409% then followed by alumina content of 0.944%, 1.023%, 1.135%, 1.074% and 0.965% at same temperatures respectively. These results shows that rice husk ash produce from Rice from Girei contain high percentage silica and some alumina and can be used in chemical formulations requiring silica such as in metal matrix composites.


For the phase analyses, we defined T1 and T2 as the delayed times for the patients who suffered with sleeping apnea syndrome (SAS), from which we can find the relationships between gas inhalation and SaO2 (saturation level of oxygen). The results indicated that the hemoglobin contents and the amounts of red blood cells are some what in accord with the delayed time T2 and the AHI (Apnea and Hypopnea Index) of SAS patients.


This article presents different views on the untranslatability of ideorealm from three perspectives.In research method,a universal negative judgment cannot be justified only by listing a few untypical examples. In theoretical understanding,the universal validity of aesthetic judgment in taste by Kant is supportive of the universal conveyance of ideorealm to some degree.In translating practice,numerous translated works provide factual evidence for the translatability of ideorealm.Therefore,the issue of untranslatability is only a matter of degree.


Abstract : We have isolated and characterized overlapping cDNAs encoding a novel, voltage‐gated Ca2+ channel α1 subunit, α1H, from a human medullary thyroid carcinoma cell line. The α1H subunit is structurally similar to previously described α1 subunits. Northern blot analysis indicates that α1H mRNA is expressed throughout the brain, primarily in the amygdala, caudate nucleus, and putamen, as well as in several nonneuronal tissues, with relatively high levels in the liver, kidney, and heart. Ba2+ currents recorded from human embryonic kidney 293 cells transiently expressing α1H activated at relatively hyperpolarized potentials (‐50 mV), rapidly inactivated (τ = 17 ms), and slowly deactivated. Similar results were observed in Xenopus oocytes expressing α1H. Singlechannel measurements in human embryonic kidney 293 cells revealed a single‐channel conductance of ~9 pS. These channels are blocked by Ni2+ (IC50 = 6.6 μM) and the T‐type channel antagonists mibefradil (~50% block at 1 μM) and amiloride (IC50 = 167 μM). Thus, α1H‐containing channels exhibit biophysical and pharmacological properties characteristic of low voltage‐activated, or T‐type, Ca2+ channels.


The dependence for the frequencies of the internal modes on the external field in spiral structures in easy-plane antiferromagnets with a small in-plane anisotropy are studied theoretically in a wide region of the fields including the spin-flop transition field. The theoretical results are compared with the known experimental data for the antiferromagnetic resonance in NdFe3(BO3)4. This comparison enabled to reconstruct the dependence for the spiral period of the magnetic structure on the external field.


Experiments were conducted for the optimal prefabrication technology of carbonized rice hull for culture media by orthogonal test.Effects of carbonization temperature and time on char yield and physicochemical properties were investigated.The optimal condition were carbonization temperature of 350 ℃,carbonization time of 40 minutes.Under this condition,char yield was 51.71%.Char with pH value 8.06,caloric value of 19 937 J/g,fixed carbon content of 41.16 % could be produced.


The effects of Li 2 CO 3 additions on the densi fi cation and microwave dielectric properties of CaSiO 3  1wt % Al 2 O 3 ceramics were investigated. With Li 2 CO 3 addition, the densi fi cation temperature of CaSiO 3  1wt % Al 2 O 3 ceramics could be effectively reduced from 1250 to 925°C. During the sintering process, Li 2 CO 3 existed as a liquid phase and assisted the densi fi cation of CaSiO 3  1wt % Al 2 O 3 ceramics, and then reacted with CaSiO 3 to form Li 2 Ca 3 Si 6 O 16 and Li 2 Ca 4 Si 4 O 13 second phases. However, the Li 2 CO 3 addition deteriorated the microwave dielectric properties because of the lower quality values of Li 2 Ca 3 Si 6 O 16 and Li 2 Ca 4 Si 4 O 13 phases. The proper Li 2 CO 3 addition was found to be 2wt % . Under this addition, microwave dielectric properties of ¾ r = 7.33, Q © f = 21,904GHz and ¸ f = ¹ 34ppm / °C were obtained for the CaSiO 3  1wt % Al 2 O 3 ceramic sintered


Emerging data have highlighted the importance of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in exerting critical biological functions and roles in different forms of brain cancer, including gliomas. In this study, we sought to investigate the role of lncRNA FOXD2 adjacent opposite strand RNA 1 (FOXD2‐AS1) in glioma cells. First, we used sphere formation assay and flow cytometry to select U251 glioma stem cells (GSCs). Then, we quantified the expression of lncRNA FOXD2‐AS1, TATA‐box binding protein associated factor 1 (TAF‐1) and NOTCH1 in glioma tissues and GSCs, as well as the expression of GSC stem markers, OCT4, SOX2, Nanog, Nestin and CD133 in GSCs. Colony formation assay, sphere formation assay, and flow cytometry were used to evaluate GSC stemness. Next, the correlations among lncRNA FOXD2‐AS1, TAF‐1 and NOTCH1 were investigated. LncRNA FOXD2‐AS1, TAF‐1 and NOTCH1 were found to be elevated in glioma tissues and GSCs, and silencing lncRNA FOXD2‐AS1 inhibited stemness and proliferation, while promoting apoptosis and differentiation of GSCs. LncRNA FOXD2‐AS1 overexpression also led to increased NOTCH1 by recruiting TAF‐1 to the NOTCH1 promoter region, thereby promoting stemness and proliferation, while impairing cell apoptosis and differentiation. Mechanistically, lncRNA FOXD2‐AS1 elevation promoted glioma in vivo by activating the NOTCH signalling pathway via TAF‐1 upregulation. Taken together, the key findings of our investigation support the proposition that downregulation of lncRNA FOXD2‐AS1 presents a viable and novel molecular candidate for improving glioma treatment.


The utility model relates to a kind of teaching instrument, in particular to a graduated cylinder with a sucker, which is characterized by that the bottom of the graduated cylinder is provided with a sucker so as to suck the utility model on a table through the sucker (2), and therefore can avoid being knocked over and broken by students.


Chapter 1: Overview Non-delegation doctrine why study administrative law? the non-delegation doctrine: early theory -- "agencies cannot make laws" - versus practice the non-delegation doctrine post-Schechter: arguments for agency power to regulate giving agencies judge-like powers conclusion so what am I supposed to do? practice problems endnotes Chapter 2: The Legitimacy of U.S. Government Agency Power the "transmission belt" theory rationale for tight limits on agency powers additional traditional justifications of U.S. government agency power: expertise, public participation, representative bureaucracy need for loose limits on agency powers bureaucrats' oath to support the Constitution as a limiting factor people create the law they need what am I supposed to do? practice problem endnotes Chapter 3: Separation of Powers -- Legislative and Executive Control Over Administrative Agencies legislative review of agency action the legislative veto comptroller general to impose budget cuts? - Court says no *special prosecutor not appointed by president? - Court says yes executive control of administrative agencies what am I supposed to do? practice problems endnotes Chapter 4: Imposing Rational Structure on Administrative Procedure Discretionary and informal agency action keeping track of regulations informal, "executive," or discretionary agency action investigation, prosecution, and imposition of penalties non-public policymaking and "guidance" informal rulemaking what am I supposed to do? practice problem endnotes Chapter 5: Rulemaking the rulemaking power the process efficiency fairness in the process estoppel": fairness (?) in the implementation what am I supposed to do? practice problems endnotes Chapter 6: Preemption and Judicial Review of Agency Rulemaking preemption how too much Chevron deference causes disaster Skidmore deference and Auer deference state courts and Chevron deference state preemption and local law what am I supposed to do? practice problems endnotes Chapter 7: Adjudication agency power to conduct hearings wide range of subject matter right versus privilege "entitlements" and the Matthews balancing test due process and government employment the thin edge of due process what am I supposed to do? practice problem endnotes Chapter 8: Adjudication - how much process is due? school suspension and expulsion welfare benefits mental health care seeking less procedural protection public pension appeals what am I supposed to do? practice problem endnotes Chapter 9: Adjudication - substantial evidence rule an example in practice hearsay and cross examination standard of decision standard of decision and standard of review standard of decision: NOT "substantial evidence" burden of proof ex parte contacts biased hearing officers? consistency or explanation what am I supposed to do? agency hearings: an example in practice practice problem endnotes Chapter 10: Choice of rulemaking or adjudication adjudication to the exclusion of rulemaking adjudication to the exclusion of rulemaking Florida's unusual response rulemaking to the exclusion of adjudication what am I supposed to do? practice problems endnotes Chapter 11: Availability of Judicial Review standing primary jurisdiction ripeness for review final order rule exhaustion of administrative remedies mootness concluding note what am I supposed to do? practice problem endnotes Chapter 12: Sovereign immunity and officer tort liability sovereign immunity - history and rationale officer tort liability -- immunity officer tort liability - acting "under color of law" officer tort liability - other factors officer tort liability - immunity revisited what am I supposed to do? practice problem endnotes Chapter 13: Government employment rights and due process freedom of speech choice of appearance political affiliation residency requirements sexual harassment protection against privatization what am I supposed to do? practice problem endnotes Chapter 14: "Transparency": public access to government information the Freedom of Information Act pre-FOIA information access requirements of the Administrative Procedure Act how FOIA empowers citizens to obtain government documents how FOIA empowers agencies to withhold information to prevent abuse how FOIA empowers agencies to withhold information to safeguard other substantive interests how FOIA empowers agencies to withhold information to safeguard procedural interests open meeting laws electronic transparency in rulemaking what am I supposed to do? practice problem endnotes


In the course of preparing lectures on elementary quantum theory the author developed a way of presenting time-independent perturbation theory that seems to have some advantages over more familiar presentations. There is nothing fundamentally new in the method, and if any claim of greater power can be made for the new version, it is at best for situations in which high-order perturbations are of interest. Quantum-field theorists will no doubt recognize the relation of this presentation to much that has been done in their subject recently.


Abstract : A historical review of research is presented to establish the state- of-the-art for analyzing the behavior of vehicles in shallow snow. From this review, the most comprehensive and promising model is put together to establish a first-cut performance prediction model for vehicles operating in shallow snow, slush, ice and thawing soils.


Thank you very much for reading new construction for older buildings a design sourcebook for architects and preservationists. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have look numerous times for their chosen readings like this new construction for older buildings a design sourcebook for architects and preservationists, but end up in infectious downloads. Rather than enjoying a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they are facing with some harmful bugs inside their desktop computer.


A long standing goal of theoretical nuclear physics is the description of nuclear structure starting from a realistic nucleonnucleon potential. All realistic NN-interactions show however two characteristics that inhibit a treatment of the many-body problem in a mean-field model. Firstly, the local part of the interaction shows a strong short-range repulsion (the so called core) and, secondly, there is a strong tensor part. Both properties give rise to special correlations in the many-body state, which cannot be described by Slater determinants or a superposition of shell model states from a few major shells. In the framework of the Unitary Correlation Operator Method (UCOM) [1] we describe both types of correlations explicitly by unitary transformations of shell model type manybody states. Thus we obtain states that contain the relevant correlations induced by the interaction between the nucleons. To describe the short-range correlations caused by the repulsive core of the interaction the unitary correlation operator generates a radial distance-dependent shift in the relative coordinate of each pair of particles. By that the particles are shifted out of the repulsive region of the interaction. Alternatively the correlation operator can be used to transform the Hamilton operator with the bare interaction. For the correlations induced by the tensor part of the interaction a similar procedure is applied. The new aspect is that tensor interactions correlate coordinate and spin space in a complex way. The unitary transformation, which describes these correlations, acts on the angular part of the relative coordinates in dependence on the spin orientation of the two particles. As a preliminary step towards a full ab initio calculation on the basis of the central and tensor correlated Bonn-A potential [2] we use a parameterized correction to account for tensor correlations. The core-induced central correlations are fully included by a spinand isospin-dependent correlation operator [1]. In order to account for tensor correlations we add to the Bonn-A potential a correction in the S = 1, T = 0 channel. According to the structure expected for the tensor correlated interaction the correction consists of an additional attractive central potential and a repulsive momentum-dependent part. Three parameters (strength of local correction, and strength and range of momentum part) are adjusted to reproduce the experimental binding energies and charge radii of He, O, and Ca. Based on this correlated Bonn-A potential the many-body problem is treated in the framework of Fermionic Molecular Dynamics (FMD) [3]. The uncorrelated many-body state is described by a Slater determinant of gaussian one-body states, which contain the mean position, mean momentum, complex width and spin orientation as variational parameters. The ground-state wave function is determined by energy minimization with the correlated interaction. The Figure shows the ground state one-body density distributions of O, Ne, and Mg obtained with this method. For O we find a spherical shell-model like distribution with a characteristic depletion of the central density. Ne shows a prolate axially symmetric density distribution with α-like structures at the ends and a toroidal distribution in the central plane. Finally Mg exhibits a complicated triaxial deformation with some remnants of α-clustering. These calculations demonstrate the flexibility of the FMD basis as well as the possibility to perform nuclear structure calculations based on realistic NN-interactions in a nearly ab initio way. Our next step will be the inclusion of tensor correlations in a stringent way by calculating the appropriate unitary correlation operator explicitly.


We have already published, in 2021, a paper in CP (Bard & Heaton, 2021) which identified and evaluated the pitfalls of the Plateau Tuning (PT) method. In this previous paper, we expressed significant doubts regarding the ability of PT to simultaneously 1/ construct the chronologies of deep-sea sediment cores; and 2/ obtain marine reservoir ages (MRA) in a robust or precise manner. substantial work, i.e., by provision of new data, independent verification of the results they infer using PT, or statistical calculation. We the paper for a detailed point-by-point discussion of PT's issues also our responses to Sarnthein & Grootes and Grootes & Sarnthein' 50 pages of Community Comments which accompany this paper). also consult a review about radiocarbon in paleoceanography by & which provides examples of PT discrepancies with other records the same We feel it is helpful to repeat arguments


The work of French and Bishop is compared critically with previous attempts to explain the images of grain boundaries in field‐ion micrographs. It is argued that the assumption that the regions adjacent to a boundary behave as rigid bodies is unrealistic for low‐angle boundaries and dubious for high‐angle boundaries in the light of existing theories and experimental observations. In the absence of relaxation it is difficult to relate stepped spiral contrast in the field‐ion image to dislocations unless they have very wide cores. Combined transmission electron microscopy and field‐ion microscopy can be used to clarify the nature of grain boundary dislocations.


ABSTRACT: This article outlines the most important features of the skin, head and internal organs of a chicken. They are illustrated with photographs and references to nursing considerations. Feathers and the skeletal system are not discussed.


The development of algorithms to assess the effects of natural disasters plays an integral role in response efforts. There is a growing opportunity to leverage remote sensing data and computer vision to quickly analyze the scale of damage and organize a humanitarian response when extreme weather events occur. By automating the process of identifying damage to roads and infrastructure, we can significantly reduce response time, directing relief efforts on a time scale of minutes or hours rather than days. The SpaceNet 8 challenge featured a complex multi-class segmentation problem in the context of flood detection from remote sensing imagery. Competitors were tasked with leveraging both pre- and post-flooding event imagery to detect buildings and roads, as well as identify which of these object instances were affected by the flooding event. We examine the outcome of the SpaceNet 8 challenge and present an overview of the competition and a deeper look at the top-performing submissions.


The concentrate cost forecasting model is established by using gray forecasting theory.It has been applied to forecast the final cost of concentrate in an iron mine and the result is similar to practical result.It proves this method is available for concentrat cost forecasting.


"Meru Couple jailed for Life for Trafficking Kshs 3 million Marijuana" (Daily Nation 30th September 2021).
"Man sentenced to Life Imprisonment for Trafficking bhang worth Kshs 23,250" (The Standard of 16th May 2018).
"Why Small Amount of Bhang Earned Woman 30-year Sentence" (Kenya News of 23rd May 2019).


The thesis establishes a connection between video art and the notion of the surface. This comparison is pursued through a process of attraction and repulsion between videotapes which manifest the surface phenomenon that determines them and that they in turn determine. The video image described as a surface and compared to the notion of the surface is one which simultaneoulsy stages, displaces and brings into a state of discrepancy the operations of the surface, i. E. : fragmentation, loss of distinction, levelling, dispersal, expansion, self-reversal, loss of transparency. The videographic displacement of the surface works on narcissism, reflection, body images and the i in such a way that it produces a site of rivalry of the surface against itself, a struggle which takes place not by a suspension (or a denial) of the surface, but by the addition, the piling-up, the stretching, the disturbances and attractions of surfaces.


BT-Mode is a financing mode that the government using nongovernmental funds for the construction of infrastructure. It has greatly reduced the financial pressure of government because of BT-Mode does not contain operation period, the repurchase price is composed of construction cost and investment cost. If the construction investment is out of control, the repurchase price is inevitably on the high side, which would result in a risk of repurchase. On the basis of summarizing the material in the implementation of Shenzhen Metro Line M, this paper adopts the grounded theory research method to identify three core elements of investment control on project contractor level. The three core elements include project control right allocation, risk - sharing in the contract and control of repurchase total price. The research provides an important decision-making guideline for the project investment control of public sectors.


Objective:To investigate the inhibitory effect of gastrodine on the oxidative modification of low density lipoprotein(Ox-LDL)in mouse peritoneal msacrophages(MP).Methods:MPs were used to mediate the oxidation of human LDL.The effect of gastrodine on the biochemical changes in MP cells was observed by determining malonaldehyde and activity of glutathione peroxidase(GPX),and by oil red O staining and scavenger receptor immunohistochemical staining.Results:As compared with MP cells treated with LDL alone,the level of lipid peroxide(LPO)was dramatically decreased,and activity of GPX was increased in MP cells treated with LDL plus gastrodine.Therefore,the pathological role of Ox-LDL in MPs was reduced.The scavenger receptor activity declined in the cells treated with gastrodine,leading to the reduction in lipid accumulation.Conclusion:Gastrodine has an importantly inhibitory effect on human LDL oxidation and the cellular damage induced by Ox-LDL.


Objectives There are multifaceted views on the use of ketamine, a potentially addictive substance, to treat mental health problems. The past 15 years have seen growing media coverage of ketamine for medical and other purposes. This study examined the print news media coverage of medical and other uses of ketamine in North America to determine orientations and trends over time. Methods Print newspaper coverage of ketamine from 2000 to 2015 was reviewed, resulting in 43 print news articles from 28 North American newspapers. A 55-item structured coding instrument was applied to assess news reports of ketamine. Items captured negative and positive aspects, therapeutic use of ketamine, and adverse side effects. Chi-squares tested for changes in trends over time. Results In the 15-year reviewed period, the three most frequent themes related to ketamine were: abuse (68.2%), legal status (34.1%), and clinical use in anesthesia (31.8%). There was significant change in trends during two periods (2000–2007 and 2008–2015). In 2008–2015, print news media articles were significantly more likely to encourage clinical use of ketamine to treat depression (p = 0.002), to treat treatment resistant depression (p = 0.043), and to claim that ketamine is more effective than conventional antidepressants (p = 0.043). Conclusions Our review found consistent positive changes in the portrayals of ketamine by the print news media as a therapeutic antidepressant that mirror the recent scientific publications. These changes in news media reporting might influence the popularity of ketamine use to treat clinical depression. Guidance is required for journalists on objective reporting of medical research findings, including limitations of current research evidence and potential risks of ketamine.


A Powered groundnut harvesting system turned into designed and fabricated. The most efficient device diggers were selected. Agricultural production must double via 2050 that allows you to meet the anticipated food call for because of population increase. Precision agriculture is the important thing to enhance productiveness and efficiency within the use of assets, as a result supporting to reap this intention underneath the numerous demanding situations currently faced by using agriculture in particular because of climate changes, land degradation, availability of farmable land, labour pressure shortage, and growing cost.Here we have proposed a modern technology for groundnut harvesting. In this project paper, we are going to plug the ground nut crop and separate the ground nut from the crop using blades and the separated ground nut is collected in tray. This process is carried out by motors and relays and the whole system is controlled by Atmega8 microcontroller.


I Wavelength Discrimination as Saturation The three variables of color vision are hue, saturation, and brightness. The characteristic color differences along the spectrum which the color-normal sees are essentially concerned with hue. In measurements of wavelength discrimination the precise value of the just perceptible difference in wavelength at constant brightness is no doubt influenced by saturation differences, but the major factor is hue. W h a t determines wavelength discrimination in the colorblind? Since the best X discrimination of protanopes and deuteranopes occurs near 500 m#, which is a region matched with white, saturation may be a more important factor for them than for the color-normal. A simple but striking experiment demonstrated to us that saturation is indeed the determining factor, x One side of the field in the Itehn-1 Actually we arrived at this notion entirely from theoretical considerations. Adopting the quantitatively formulated trireceptor idea of Young (1807) as a basis for color vision (Hecht, 1930; 1934) and supposing that in colorblindness one of the cone primaries, say the red, is transformed into one of the other two, say the green, then three things follow. First, near 500 m/~ all three curves wiU intersect in one point; the resulting sensation will be white and will correspond to the neutral point. Second, to the left of this neutral point, where the blue primary is higher than the other two, the sensation will be (a) white by virtue of those effects where the blue, green, and red primaries have the same height, and (b) blue by virtue of the excess effect of the blue primary. Different portions of the spectrum between the neutral point and the shortwave end will then differ only in the relative amounts of blue and white, that is, in saturation. Third, on the/ight side of the neutral point, the now similar red and green primaries are higher than the 83


Background: Suvarna Prashana (SP) word comes in Kashyapa Samhita only, but use of Suvarna (gold) is mentioned by every Acharya starting from neonatal age. SP increase the intelligence and immunity, and hence used in paediatric age group since long back. Due to competitive nature of education in current days, parents want their child to be bright in education. At the same time, COVID 19 pandemic has revealed the importance of immunity to everyone and parents are in search of immune-modulatory medicine for their children. Vidyabharti in collaboration with Kamdhenu Divya Aushadhi Mahila Sahkari Mandali, Jamnagar are doing work in this field with SP and hence to document the perception of parents for this formulation (SP), this cross sectional study was planned. Material and method: Google forms were provided to 1523 parents of 37 centers, whose child had received this SP at least for 1 year (13 doses) on every Pushya constellation, out of whom 1348 parents had responded. Data were analysed to get the idea about perception of parents for this formulation. Results: Response failure was 11.5%. 94.8% parents found this practice beneficial. 98.52% parents would like to recommend this to other parents. 92.80% and 97.77% parents found their child's memory and growth and development improved after SP respectively. Family member of 34.64% children were infected with COVID 19 out of which, only 3.41 % children got infected during this study period. Conclusion: Survey study found that most parents believed/perceived that SP provided during every Pushya constellation at least for one year, is beneficial in regards to improvement in memory, general health, immunity of their children. Hence this preliminary data from observational study pave the way to establish the effectiveness of this drug in children through future randomized control trial.


This study aimed to analyse the ultrasonographic attributes of vesicular, prostate, and bulbourethral glands in pubertal and mature Dorper rams. Forty-five rams were used in the same day (pubertal: 8–11 months, n = 24; mature: ≥12 months, n = 21). The B-mode ultrasounds examinations were performed using MyLab 30Vet equipment (Esaote, Naples, Italy) connected to transrectal linear transducer (frequency of 7.5 MHz). The echogenicity [(mean numerical pixel values (NPV)] and pixel heterogeneity (standard deviation of NPV) of accessory sex glands parenchymas was determined by computerised image analysis using Image ProPlus® software (Media Cybernetics Inc., Rockville, MD, USA). For the pairs organs a mean for each parameter were calculated. Data were analysed by ANOVA with Tukey test (mean ± s.d.; P   0.05) for prostate glands (99.39 ± 36.34 v. 87.47 ± 34.24). The pixel heterogeneity did not differ (P > 0.05) between pubertal and mature rams (29.06 ± 2.67 v. 28.09 ± 3.95, 32.14 ± 8.20 v. 30.28 ± 4.71, and 27.82 ± 4.53 v. 28.74 ± 4.29) for vesicular, prostate, and bulbourethral glands, respectively. In conclusion, the sexual maturity only influenced the echogenicity of vesicular and bulbourethral parenchymas of Dorper rams.


We extend c-shells clustering to arbitrary norms (including nondifferentiable norms from the Minkowski family); and we show that prototypes similar to the inner product norm based shell prototypes families can be generalized to any norm on /spl Rscr//sup S/ for the hard, fuzzy and possibilistic cases.


P. BROWNBILL,1 D. MAHENDRAN,2 D. OWEN,3 P. SWANSON,4 K. L. THORNBURG,5 D. M. NELSON,6 AND C. P. SIBLEY1,7 Academic Unit of 1Child Health, 2Obstetrics and Gynaecology and 7School of Biological Sciences, 3Radioimmunoassay Laboratory, St. Mary's Hospital, Manchester, M13 0JH United Kingdom; 5Department of Physiology, Oregon Health Sciences University, School of Medicine, Portland, Oregon 97201; and Departments of 6Obstetrics and Gynecology and of 4Pathology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110


The Beijing-Tianjin-Tanggu expressway is the first highway which is built by using World Bank loan in china. With the influence of service life increasing and traffic growing, the diseases appear such as rut, crack and poor flatness, so the use performance of the highway obviously degrades. Pavement overhaul effectively reduces the appearing of pavement diseases and prolongs the service life of the road. This paper conducts a detailed research on the engineering management and construction quality control of the Beijing-Tianjin-Tanggu expressway overhaul which has strong reference significance on highway overhaul.


We studied the occurrence regularity of marigold(Tagetes erecta) bacterial leaf spot caused by pseudomonas syringae pv.tagetis in 1999—2000.The results showed that the major primary source of infection of Pseudomonas syringae pv.tagetis was pathogens in the residues of diseased plants in soil,which were the main bacterial source through the winter.The bacteria could exist on the seed surface,in the interior of seed coat and in the endosperm.Therefore,the pathogen carried by seeds was another infection source.The pathogens infected host plants through wound or natural cracks.Furthermore,the wound was favorable to pathogen infection.Occurrence of the disease was tightly associated with meteorological conditions and fertilizer.In meteorological conditions,relative humidity and temperature significantly affected the disease development.


A simulation code for analyzing laser matter interactions is described in the context of short pulse laser ablation of hard tissue. Some experimental results on short pulse laser absorption are presented and used to motivate employing such systems for ablating biological tissues. Results of simulations of hard tissue drilling are given, including hydrodynamic response and ablation efficiency.


ABSTRACT Most of peer-to-peer (P2P) online borrowers are small business managers. Learning behavior of them is under-analyzed in the literature of P2P online lending. Using a large sample from one of the China's largest online P2P lending marketplaces- renrendai.com, we examine whether a borrower in the P2P lending market has a learning behavior when he/she bids interest rates for a loan. We validate the existence of learning behavior in the interest rate bidding, in which they learn from the previous experience and adjust the interest rates downward, so that they can obtain finance at a lower cost. Further analysis shows the heterogeneity across gender and education. We find that female borrowers and highly educated borrowers are more effective in the learning process. Robustness check further supports our hypothesis. Our findings point to the importance of providing financial education for groups of low education level. Managerial implications are discussed.


Upper bounds on the capacity of vector Gaussian channels affected by fading are derived under peak amplitude constraints at the input. The focus is on constraint regions that can be decomposed in a Cartesian product of sub-regions. This constraint models a transmitter configuration employing a number of power amplifiers less than or equal to the total number of transmitting antennas. In general, the power amplifiers feed distinct subsets of the transmitting antennas and partition the input in independent subspaces. Two upper bounds are derived: The first one is suitable for high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) values and, as we prove, it is tight in this regime; The second upper bound is accurate at low SNR. Furthermore, the derived upper bounds are applied to the relevant case of amplitude constraints induced by employing a distinct power amplifier for each transmitting antenna.


In this work, analysis of the released gas from calcined marine clay and lime shell was investigated. Study of the emitted gas/air from the calcined clay and shell showed that average concentration of carbon dioxide (CO 2 : 20.09PPM and 8.12PPM) are below the maximum standard natural concentration 600PPM of carbon dioxide in fresh air and the recommended World Health Organization Threshold Limit Value (TLV) of 500PPM. Average carbon monoxide (CO) concentration (0.004PPM, 0.010PPM) and sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) concentration (0.002PPM are below the Nigeria Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) and World Health Organization (WHO) maximum limit of 10PPM-20PPM (for carbon monoxide) and 0.01PPM- 0.5PPM (for sulfur dioxide) for an 8-hourly time. It was established that the average concentration of C0, C0 2 , and S0 2 is so low and so pose no threat to the environment based on the review of the existing regulation, standards and codes (WHO and NAAQSO). Keywords: Ambient, Testo 350XL- Analyzer, PPM- Part Per Million, calcining


Intelligence reduces uncertainty in conflict, whether in trade negotiations between allies with similar, but individual interests, or in combat operations against a foreign state or terrorist group. Providing this intelligence involves collecting, processing, analyzing, and disseminating information to decision makers. Key among these is analysis, defined by the R AND Corp. as "the process by which the information collected about an enemy is used to answer tactical questions about current operations or to predict future behavior."


This application mainly intended for the multiple bank accounts merged with the one application to transfer the amount on another account. We cannot go bank for every bank related work like checking our balance, doing transaction etc. and for other small things. To solve this problem a mobile solution was presented which is "Mobile Banking System". By using mobile banking system he can easily transfer money to Someone's bank account from his. But, which bank related do you have an account that's related to the app was using. Whichever bank we had been maintained the account that's related to the app we are using that means separately. So, this type of drawback from recovers instead of using merging bank app techniques in a one application. In such a case, if you want transfer the money from in your account to another bank. But you don't have sufficient balance as well as at the same time you have maintained the account in another one bank. So no need to go for an another app. Instead of, this app via to merged that the bank details in this app while send the money to your wish. In present trend usage of apps had became a new trend because of availability of web services on mobiles. By considering these improvements in mobile technology knowing information of money transactions through mobile in less time can be useful application for users.


In this writing is argued that due process is nothing but the process logically conceived and defined in its essence and true method of debate; which is only possible in the adversarial system of prosecution and that the concept of fairness includes not only the characteristic of the person of the judge but also everything that involves the functional activity.


The presence of volatiles near the lunar poles is considered. The chemical composition of a lunar atmosphere temporarily produced by comet impact is analyzed during the day and night. C-rich and long-period comets are insufficient sources of water ice on the Moon. O-rich short-period comets deliver significant amounts of H2O, CO2, SO2, and S to the Moon. An observable amount of polar hydrogen can be delivered to the Moon by a single impact of an O-rich short-period comet with diameter of 5km in the form of water ice. The areas where CO2 and SO2 ices are stable against a thermal sublimation are estimated to be 300 and 1500km 2 , respectively. If water ice exists in the 2cm top regolith layer, CO2 and SO2 ices can be stable in the coldest parts of permanently shaded craters. The delivery rate of elemental sulfur near the poles is estimated to be 10 6 gyr −1 . The sulfur content is estimated to be as high as 1wt% in the polar regions. The SELENE gamma-ray spectrometer can detect sulfur polar caps on the Moon if the sulfur content is higher than 1wt%. This instrument can check the presence of hydrogen and minerals with the unusual chemical composition at the lunar poles.


Background: Peripheral arterial disease is one among three major cardiovascular diseases and is an important contributor of death and disabilities in low and middle income countries. Symptoms of peripheral arterial disease depend upon the severity of narrowing of artery. Based on severity of disease there are various modalities of treatment is available to prevent the progress of disease and save the limb.Method: This is a prospective, observational, cross sectional study conducted in the department of general surgery. Detailed chronological clinical history is taken, after that patient was evaluated clinically for vascular abnormalities of lower extremities. All patients were followed for minimum 6 month for the evaluation of course of disease and at each visit detail examination was repeated. Result: Dorsalis pedis artery was more commonly involved in thromboangitis obliterans patients then peripheral artery disease (37.5% vs 4.34%). Regarding mode of treatment all patients in both group received medical treatment and life style modification. Lumber sympathectomy was done in 4(8.6%) patients in PAD group and 1(6.25%) in TAO group. Amputation of leg was done in 18(39.10%) in PAD group. Discussion and Conclusion: Diabetes and hypertension was common comorbid condition associated with PAD. Most of the patients have habit of tobacco use. Gangrene and ulcer are common presentation of patients and most of the patients required amputation and disarticulation. Some symptoms improved by life style modification and medical management. The mean duration of stay in hospital was longer in PAD patients then TAO patients.


Four-wheel independently driven mobile robots are widely used in industrial automation, intelligent inspection, and outdoor exploration. The traditional kinematic control is usually applied for them, where only the chassis kinematics is taken into account and the robot dynamics (especially the wheel dynamics) is normally ignored. It may lead to some performance limitations such as the chattering phenomenon during robot rotating, because of the overactuation characteristic by four driving wheels. To address these problems, the integrated dynamic model is proposed, which includes chassis kinematics, chassis dynamics, wheel–ground interaction, and wheel dynamics. Subsequently, different from kinematic control, a model-based coordinated adaptive robust controller is developed, which generally consists of three-level designs for different parts of robot dynamics, and directly generates the motor driving torque commands for four wheels. The stability and tracking performance are theoretically guaranteed. Comparative experiments are carried out, and the results show the better performance of our proposed scheme.


This study is a lexical and grammatical investigation of the 2 200 instances of swearing in a corpus of 45 plays from the 18th, 19th and 20th centuries, brought together within the research projec ...


The transient receptor potential A1 (TRPA1) channel is considered a chemosensor in several sensory tissues. In the present study, we investigated the secretory effect of potential TRPA1 agonist allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) in rat and human colons using the Ussing flux chamber. The mucosal application of AITC (10−6–10−3 M) induced Cl− and HCO3 − secretion in a concentration‐dependent manner, while the serosal application induced weaker effect. AITC‐evoked anion secretion was attenuated by the pretreatment with cyclooxygenase inhibitor piroxicam and prostaglandin (PG) E2, but the secretion was not affected by tetrodotoxin, atropine, or extracellular Ca2+ depletion. These results indicated that TRPA1 activation induces anion secretion through PG synthesis independent of neural pathway in the colon. Further analysis also indicated that AITC‐evoked anion secretion is mainly mediated by EP4. In addition, RT‐PCR using isolated colonic crypts, in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry supported the TRPA1 expression in epithelial cells. Therefore, we conclude that the activation of TRPA1 activity on the colonic epithelial cells is likely involved in host defense mechanism through rapid anion secretion.


This comprehensive text of pediatric ultrasonography emphasizes a personal, practical approach to the medical and surgical problems of childhood. Written by radiolgists who have extensive clinical experience, this book puts ultrasongraphy into perspective - when it is limited in application, radiologic methods are advocated. Each chapter, although anatomical in name, is structured to answer diagnostic questions: for example, renal ultrasonography is not the title of a single chapter but included where it becomes the method of choice in a clinical situation.