Corporate social responsibility (CSR) issues are constantly evolving nowadays since social and ethical issues have received public attention and high regulatory pressure regarding this issue. Malang Regency has implemented the CSR since long time ago. Every company in Malang Regency has obligated to implement CSR program. The potential of CSR in Malang Regency itself is very big when viewed from the total number of companies that reaches 1,350 companies both in small and large scale. There are also 76 sugar factories in Indonesia and most of them are located in East Java, including Kebon agung which located in Malang Regency. This study can be classified as narrative qualitative research with Kebon Agung as a research objective. This study used formal interviews, and participant observation as data collected method. This study concluded that Economic motives considered as the most appealing CSR program from both the company and the CSR target group perspective. Economic development is impossible without a good education. Education is indispensable to economic development. The financial business incentives of CSR program should follow by providing good education, training, and mentoring in purpose to achieve its effectiveness. To get the better knowledge, the education, training, and mentoring program should collaborate with the regulator, academicians, and professional.


SUMMARY

Leathery bracts of Salix reticulata, which have never been recognized as such, occurred regularly in a Lateglacial deposit from The Netherlands. Morphological characteristics and illustrations of fossil and recent bracts are presented and the stratigraphical position of the Salix macrofossils (bracts, twigs and some leaf fragments) within the Lateglacial deposit indicated along with a selection of pollen curves. S. reticulata was restricted in its occurrence to periods of open vegetation.


Department chairpersons in Mechanical Engineering departments in the USA as well as a few chairpersons worldwide were polled regarding their institutional requirements for doctoral graduation in the form of peer-reviewed publications.  The data as  well  as  perceived  advantages  and  hurdles  to  implementation  of  various  options  are  discussed.  A  proposal  is  made  for implementing such a requirement.


Two hundred two (202) (75.66%) sera out of 267 blood samples tested by microscopic agglutination test (MAT) were positive to 5 out of 12 Leptospira serovars namely australis, ballum, hardjo, hebdomadis and pomona. The sera were negative to rest 7 serovars autumnalis, canicola, grippotyphosa, icterohaemorrhagiae, javanica, pyrogenes and tarassovi. The study indicated current circulation of leptospiral serovars among buffaloes in Tamil Nadu.


Plant-based systems, such as wetlands and other ecological treatment systems, are promising, sustainable alternatives to conventional wastewater treatment. One of the biggest drawbacks of these systems when compared with conventional wastewater treatment systems is a large land area requirement; thus greater efficiency is needed to reduce land requirements and consequent costs. This research identified plant species that promote greater nitrogen removal, and whose use could lead to increased efficiency of ecological treatment systems. Potential nitrification and denitrification rates of bacteria associated with the roots of herbaceous species (Cyperus papyrus, Colocasia esculentus), and woody species (Hibiscus moscheutus and Salix nigra) were measured in the lab. Potential nitrification rates were determined from the rate of NO3− accumulation in microcosms containing wastewater and live plants. Potential denitrification was measured using the acetylene inhibition technique on microcosm incubations of filtered wastewater and plant roots. Significantly more NO3− (mg 1−1 hr−1) was produced by bacteria associated with S. nigra and C. papyrus roots than in microcosms containing only wastewater, or H. moscheutus, (P < 0.001). Potential denitrification rates were significantly greater in H. moscheutos and S. nigra root microcosms than in C. esculentus and C. papyrus root microcosms on dry weight, wet weight and root area bases (P < 0.001). These results demonstrate that the efficiency of ecological treatment systems treating wastewater high in NH4+ would be improved with a mix of herbaceous and woody species, whereas wastewater high in NO3− would be most efficiently treated with woody species. Thus, a diversity of species is needed to optimize ecological treatment system function.


Anionic Gemini surfactant system were investigated in this paper. The results reveal that the (critical) micella concentration(CMC) of Gemini surfactant has a much lower value compared with that of (conventional) monomeric one and CMC is decreased upon increasing spacer length. Surface tensions of Gemini surfactants were studied by means of the drop volume method. The surface tension of Gemini surfactant with c_(20) is two orders of magnitude lower than that of monomeric surfactant, indicating that Gemini surfactant is more efficient in declining the surface tension of water. The interfacial tensions of crude oil and water systems were measured by virtue of the pendant drop method. The surface tension of the crude oil and water system is ultra-low when the system contains 0.1% Gemini D which indicates that Gemini surfactants show a great effect on declining the interfacial tensions between oil and water.


Higher education is the target of criticism for, among other things, the failure to teach students how to think-critically, analytically, and reflectively--and for placing too much emphasis on career preparation or professional education. While a number of external factors have, perhaps, led to such criticism being warranted, faculty--including those in Recreation and Leisure curricula--are the only ones who can meet the demand for emerging professionals who are professionally competent, can think, make decisions, and solve problems. Additionally, in order for Recreation and Leisure faculty to address the concerns of those outside the academy and to strengthen their positions of respect amongst their liberal arts and sciences and fine arts colleagues it may be necessary to increase the emphasis on thinking critically, analytically, and reflectively and to reconsider their emphasis on career preparation in the marketing of academic programs. At the same time, respect may be enhanced by further eliminating the "handyman" or vocational perceptions that often result from programs of professional credentialing, particularly curricular accreditation. This may be accomplished by revising accreditation standards to reflect significant emphasis on classroom activities that require students to make decisions, solve problems, and thing critically, analytically, and reflectively.


The best philosophical criticism conforms to an Aristotelian mean between an excess of the merely negative and destructive and a defect of the insufficiently searching and questioning. By this standard I am fortunate in having the best of critics, all of them writers to whom I was already philosophically indebted. Together they raise six different kinds of question about central theses and arguments of Whose Justice? Which Rationality? Norman 0. Dahl contends that I assert too strong and systematic a connection between Aristotle's account of practical rationality and his conception of justice. Annette Baier argues for important corrections to what I say both about Hume himself and about his philosophy, especially in respect of the topics of property and acquisition. In so doing she also puts in question my characterization of Hume's relationship to the tradition or traditions in which he played a part. J. B. Schneewind claims that the concept of a tradition is not required to make shared rational enquiry intelligible and moreover that, understood as I have understood it, the use of that concept entails plainly unacceptable consequences. Both Dahl and Schneewind argue that, contrary to what I say, I cannot successfully rebut the imputation of relativism to my position. Let me respond to these in turn. Dahl generously concedes for the purposes of debate both my interpretation of Aristotle's account of practical rationality and my views concerning Aristotle's understanding of justice. He says correctly that I hold that this account of practical rationality and this understanding of justice are closely linked, in that each is informed by the same hierarchical ordering of goods. Against this he asserts that "an Aristotelian conception of practical reason can support more than an Aristotelian conception of justice" and offers three arguments designed to show how an Aristotelian


Objective Analysis of the incidence of urinary calculus in soldiers in some southeast areas to provide with data for the treatment and prevention.Methods The urinary calculus was diagnosed with B-supersonic combining with detection of the correlated biochemical indicator.The data were statistically analyzed.Results The urinary calculus incidence and blood uric acid of the soldiers in the southeast island were higher than those of soldiers in other areas.Conclusion The higher urinary calculus incidence of soldiers in the southeast island may be related to the environment,food composition and water resources etc.


In our analysis we have used Ames Iowa Housing Dataset from the Kaggle website to analyze and predict the sale price of the house. We have used machine learning techniques like Linear Regression, Random Forest and XGBoost Algorithms.Using the dataset problem we are trying to solve here is to build models to predict house sale prices. Based on the dataset, we can understand how some variables have direct impact on the sale price of the house. We used in-built machine learning libraries in R-programming Language while working on this problem.


A radon progeny detector for measuring the concentra tion of attached and unattached fractions in an atmo sphere. A laminar flow of air is drawn sequentially through a diffusion screen and a particle trap. Unat tached progeny having a particle size of 10 nm or less are captured upon the mesh of the diffusion screen. Attached progeny pass into the trap where the attached progeny are captured by a filter. Radiation detecting strips for recording radiation from alpha and beta parti cles emitted by the progeny are mounted on both sides of the diffusion screen and adjacent the particle trap to record the concentrations of both fractions.


Spin relaxation time of positive muon diffusing by means of the hopping and the coherent motions in ferromagnetic b.c.c. Iron is calculated. With decrease of temperature, the relaxation time decreases in proportion to the diffusion constant, but it deviates from this behavior below about 100 K owing to an onset of the coherent motion and finally it again decreases in inverse proportion to a lifetime of band states formed by the coherent motion, whereas the diffusion constant simply turns increasing. The spin in a band state feels a definite magnetic field because of periodic internal fields and sees various fields when scattered to other band states. These scattering processes result in the motional narrowing. A comparison with experiment shows that positive muon in pure Iron performs the coherent motion with a mean-free path being several times as long as the lattice constant.


A three-fold symmetric SOI-MEMS gyroscope having parasitic softening nonlinearity from the drive comb and frequency tune fingers is successfully linearized through the use of shaped comb fingers that introduce a tuned cubic hardening compensation. The nonlinearity compensated gyroscope achieves high drive displacement (>10μm) while maintaining linear magnitude and phase frequency responses. The proposed tuning method also minimizes the amplitude-frequency (A-f) effects on the drive mode. Cancelling the drive nonlinearities leads to a better bias instability compared to the high displacement with nonlinear characteristics.


We use modified uni-traveling carrier photodetectors in conjunction with a Ti:sapphire-based optical frequency divider to generate 10 GHz microwaves with +14 dBm power, <;3 fs absolute timing jitter and phase noise floors of -177 dBc/Hz.


This book represents a multi-faceted and multi-dimensional exploration of Europe as an institutional and social conception. It systematically links understanding of the Europeanization of identities and public spheres with citizenship, nationalism, community and communication, EU (European Union) enlargement, institution-building, and European democracy and politicization. As a hallmark of insightful and dynamic scholarship, Risse's work draws inspiration from a variety of societal levels, including some of the most critical players in European political life today, and highly-praised and well-known political philosophers, and policymakers.


It is usually necessary to program real time control application in the Windows95 platform for peripheral devices. There are two requirements for this kind of application, one is the realization of control to the peripheral devices while the other is the guarantee of the real time requirement. In this paper, a solution to the two respects of questions is discussed in detail.


Ports are clearly important to the national and global economies. Several high profile events highlight the need not only to harden ports but to decrease recovery times when failures do occur to increase the resilience of the system as a whole. Our research suggests that disruptions occur with regular frequency and, with outliers removed, range from 6 to 20 days in duration. Furthermore, we find key commodity classes, such as chemicals and food and farm products may be especially sensitive to those disruptions due to geographic cargo concentrations. While the US port system is capable of supporting current cargo volumes, it is sensitive to adverse events, leading us to conclude that stakeholders must place renewed focus on resilience in order to reduce economic impacts when major port disruptions occur. The port resilience research has been generously supported by the U.S. Department of Homeland Security through the National Center for Secure and Resilient Maritime Commerce (CSR) at Stevens Institute of Technology in Hoboken, NJ.


A new genus of tribe Erythroneurini from China, Laciniata gen. nov. is described and illustrated based on type species L. lijianga sp. nov.


StarLogo Nova is a powerful programming environment that allows anyone to easily create a 3D simulation and 3D game using block-based programming language. Due to its intuitive interface and ability to model complex systems, StarLogo is mainly used in primary and secondary school class settings. While StarLogo Nova effectively visualizes a wide range of simulations from biology to economy, the current implementation has two areas for improvement that will help cover more use cases. First, StarLogo Nova currently offers statistics only at the level of agent types. Users can track, for example, changes in population of a given agent type, but cannot track property changes of an individual agent. Second, users cannot interact with individual agents using the mouse. Mouse click enables user to perform targeted interaction with the simulation by triggering an event at the time and location of his or her choice. This thesis outlines agent monitoring feature and design of mouse interactivity that enable users to inspect fine details of a simulation and provide students with higher educational values. Thesis Supervisor: Eric Klopfer Title: Professor and Director of the MIT Scheller Teacher Education Program


The velocity distribution of flow in the lower plenum of Qinshan Nuclear Power Plant was analyzed,as well as the natural frequencies and the flow-induced vicration of the lower internals in sequence,especially the quantitative analysis of the vortex shedding mechanism.By this analysis, it was showed that the vortex shedding frequency is a little far from the natural swirling frequency of the whole lower internals so that the possibility is low to occur the lock-in vibration of the lower internals with a large amplitude. Only when some of the connections are loosened and as a result the natural frequencies of the whole lower internals decrease,the large-amplitude vibration may occur.Results from this research have provided the important technical proofs for the recovery of Qinshan NPP,as well as the modification of Chashma Nuclear Power Plant.


Dynamic pile testing and related data analysis methods are routinely used to measure soil resistance effects, estimate static pile load bearing capacity, and predict pile load-movement relationship. Analysis results represent conditions at the time of testing. For piles driven into soils with beneficial time-dependent characteristics, the capacity increases with time following the initial driving due to favorable geotechnical effects. In practice, construction scheduling constraints often restrict the evaluation of "long-term" pile capacity and limit the verification testing to a short period following initial driving. This paper presents a method for predicting future pile load-movement relationship based on end of driving and short-term restrike dynamic testing results. A case study is presented where field dynamic tests were performed with a Pile Driving Analyzer (PDA) and CAPWAP computer analysis during initial driving and restrike eleven days later. The CAPWAP method was also used to predict the pile load-movement graph expected at seventeen days after end of initial driving for comparison with results from a full-scale conventional static loading test to be independently performed at that time. Good correlation was obtained between the dynamically predicted and full-scale static load test results based on the proposed method.


According to the characteristics of the modern open and distance education and the four-study mode of Anhui Radio and Television University,unifying the Huaibei course teaching characteristic,the thesis carries the initial research on Chinese Modern and Contemporary Literature.Taking the four-study mode as the foundation and refining it to triangle teaching mode, that is three guidances,which lead students to learn by themselves(entrance guidance,computer guidance,teaching guidance),three helps(media help,teaching assistance,group cooperation) and three promotions(research promotion,investigation promotion,test promotion),then the proper course teaching pattern is explored adapt to the modern open and distance education.


A residential test building at the SERI Interim Field Site was monitored at the Class-A level during the spring of 1982. The building was also modeled on three building energy analysis simulations--DOE2.1A, BLAST 3.0, and SERIRES--using measured weather data from the test period and the location. The measured energy performance data, and that predicted by the simulations, were compared. More correct input files for the codes were developed using measured values of input parameters, and the results were also compared with the measured performance data. The comparisons show that input errors can contribute to predicted auxiliary energy requirements which are on the order of 60% or more higher than the measured loads, and that improvements in input variables could reduce these errors significantly.


A tracking test battery has been applied in a drug trail designed to compare the efficacy of L-DOPA and amantadine to that of L-DOPA and placebo in the treatment of 28 patients with Parkinson's disease. The drug trial provided an ideal opportunity for objectively evaluating the usefulness of tracking tests in assessing changes in neurologic function. Evaluating changes in patient performance resulting from disease progression and controlled clinical trials is of great importance in establishing effective treatment programs.


This article will first examine data on the hydraulic conductivity of Geosynthetic Clay Liners (GLCs) that are permeated with water and then will review the potential damaging effects of brines, solvents, petroleum products, acids and leachates. The ability of GCLs to remain watertight when exposed to the rigors of environmental stresses such as freeze-thaw will be summarized and finally, some caveats and notes of caution will be offered.


As for water, and a flexible ballistic resistant composite material having improved resistance to the absorption of different liquids, the composite material comprises a plurality of non-woven fiber layer (non-woven fibrous layers). The fibrous layer is formed of a network of high strength fibers (aramid fibers, extended chain polyethylene fibers (extended chain polyethylene fibers) and / or the rigid rod fibers (rigid rod fibers)). The fibers are impregnated with a matrix of a thermoplastic polyurethane resin. Preferably, at least two fiber layers are crossed with respect to each other - is oriented in the ply arrangement. Flexible protective clothing such as bulletproof vests is provided is formed from a flexible composite material, at least in part. Ballistic-resistant composite non-woven fiber layer, high strength fibers, protective clothing, matrix


A 71-year-old man was admitted to our hospital with a 3-month history of diarrhea. The patient's abdomen was soft, and no palpable masses were detected. Levels of the circulating tumor markers carcinoembryonic antigen (6.3 ng/mL [normal range: 0–5.0 ng/mL]) and carbohydrate antigen 19–9 (40.5 U/mL [normal range: 0–37 U/mL]) were mildly elevated. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography showed a 30-mm hypovascular tumor at the head of the pancreas, accompanied by multiple liver metastases and stenosis of the portal vein (Fig. 1a,b). Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a hyperintensity on T2-weighted images and diffusion-weighted imaging on the head of the pancreas (Fig. 1c). Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography showed an obstruction of the main pancreatic duct at the same site, as well as parenchymal atrophy and dilation of the main pancreatic duct from the pancreatic body to the tail (Fig. 1d). Pancreatic cancer and pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor were considered as differential diagnoses, and the patient underwent endoscopic ultrasoundguided fine-needle aspiration and liver biopsy. Histologically, the lesion was positive for chromogranin A, synaptophysin, and Ki67 (labeling index > 30%) but negative for insulin, glucagon, gastrin, vasoactive intestinal peptide, and somatostatin (Fig. 2a, b). Therefore, the patient was diagnosed with pancreatic neuroendocrine carcinoma (PNEC). Three weeks later, the patient suddenly experienced a high fever. Blood levels of procalcitonin (PCT)were 927.04 ng/mL (normal range: 0–0.5 ng/mL) and later increased to 3783.13 mg/mL. In addition, blood levels of calcitonin had increased to 68 670 pg/mL (normal range: 0–5.15 pg/mL). Further, immunohistochemical analyses revealed that tumor cells were secreting PCT (clone 44d9, NB120-14817, Novus Biologicals, Littleton, CO, USA) and weakly positive for calcitonin (Fig. 2c,d). Therefore, the patient was diagnosed with a PCT-secreting and calcitonin-secreting PNEC. To our knowledge, this is the second report to describe the immunohistochemical diagnosis of a PCT-secreting and calcitoninsecreting PNEC. The patient in the first case, an approximately 70-year-old man with multiple liver metastases, was similar to the patient in the present case. Under physiologic conditions, calcitonin promotes intestinal motility and the secretion of electrolytes and water from the jejunum. A previous report demonstrated that watery diarrhea occurred secondary to high calcitonin levels (> 30 000 pg/mL) in a case of medullary thyroid carcinoma with extensive metastases. Similarly, the patient in the present case presented with high serum levels of calcitonin (68 670 pg/mL) and experienced watery diarrhea (> 3000 mL/day). Measuring serum levels of PCT and calcitonin may facilitate early diagnoses of liver-metastatic PNEC, particularly in ~70-year-old men with refractory diarrhea.


A classic region of band termination at high spin occurs in rare-earth nuclei with around ten valence nucleons above the Gd-146 closed core. Results are presented here for such non-collective oblate (gamma = 60 degrees) terminating states in odd-Z Ho-155, odd-odd Ho-156, and even-even Er-156, where they are compared with neighbouring nuclei. In addition to these particularly favoured states, the occurrence of collective triaxial strongly deformed (TSD) bands, bypassing the terminating states and extending to over 65 (h) over bar, is reviewed.


The reaction of chromium(VI) with L-ascorbic acid (AsA) in buffer solutions was investigated by e.p.r. spectroscopy. Chromium(V)/ascorbate complexes with signals at giso = 1.9791 and chromium(VI)/ascorbate/peroxo complexes with signals at giso = 1.9819 and giso = 1.9824 were observed in all buffers. New signals at giso values of 1.9765 and 1.9781 were observed in Tris–HCl [tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane hydrochloride] buffer and were assigned to a mixed-ligand ascorbate/Tris complex of chromium(V), [CrO(ascorbate)(Tris)]2– , and a Tris/peroxo species, [CrO(O2)(Tris)]2– , respectively. The speciation of the e.p.r.-active chromium(V) complexes detected from solutions with other buffers, such as HEPES, cacodylate and phosphate, was not influenced by the buffer type. Preincubation of catalase with ascorbate solutions inhibited the formation of the chromium(V) peroxo species in all buffers. Manganese(II) reduces the chromium(V) species produced in the reaction, which has shown that it is inappropriate to use manganeses(II) as a selective reagent for monitoring the concentrations of chromium(IV) in such reactions. In particular, manganeses(II) reacts more efficiently with the chromium(V) species that are most damaging to DNA in vitro, viz., the mixed-ligand chromium(V)/ascorbate/peroxo complexes. The correlation of the present results with those of in vitro DNA damage experiments reported in the literature has revealed that the chromium(V)/ascorbate/peroxo species are the major species responsible for the in vitro DNA strand breaks in all of the buffer systems. These species are not expected to be as important in vivo.


This paper addresses the interaction of voter information and seniority on electoral accountability. We test whether information leads voters to be less tolerant of moral hazard in a legislative system favoring seniority. A simple game theoretic model is used to predict outcomes in a pork-barrel experiment where subjects act as legislators and voters. Senior legislators have an advantage in providing transfers which presents the opportunity to shirk where legislators can enrich themselves at the expense of voters. Voter information about incumbent behavior is varied across experimental treatments. We find that accountability increases when voters can compare their own legislator's behavior to the behavior of others. Despite the fact that voters succumb to the incentives of seniority, information is effective in deterring legislator shirking.


The theoretical constraints inherent in the design of multivariable control systems were defined and investigated. These constraints are manifested by the system transmission zeros that limit or bound the areas in which closed loop poles and individual transfer function zeros may be placed. These constraints were investigated primarily in the context of system decoupling or non-interaction. It was proven that decoupling requires the placement of closed loop poles at the system transmission zeros. Therefore, the system transmission zeros must be minimum phase to guarantee a stable decoupled system. Once decoupling has been accomplished, the remaining part of the system exhibits transmission zeros at infinity, so nearly complete design freedom is possible in terms of placing both poles and zeros of individual closed loop transfer functions. A general, dynamic inversion model following system architecture was developed that encompasses both the implicit and explicit configuration. Robustness properties are developed along with other attributes of this type of system. Finally, a direct design is developed for the longitudinal-vertical degrees of freedom of aircraft motion to show how a direct lift flap can be used to improve the pitch-heave maneuvering coordination for enhanced flying qualities.


Study design, materials and methods An online questionnaire survey through an internet-based market research company that enrolled 561,631 men and women in Japan was conducted from January 9 to January 12, 2007. After the women had been allocated to four age groups – 20s, 30s, 40s, and 50s or older – a total of 80,367 women, comprising an almost equal number from each age group, were then randomly invited to participate in this study. The O'Leary and Sant symptom index, which contains 4 items (Q1–Q4: 0 to 5 points for each item), was used as the questionnaire. The following classification was defined on the basis of the total points score: 0 to 3 points for negligible IC symptoms, 4 to 6 points for mild symptoms, 7 to 11 points for moderate symptoms, and 12 to 20 points for severe symptoms. A category of high risk for IC was defined as severe IC symptoms including nocturia (twice or more) and pain (2 points or more).


Preface / Acknowledgements / Role of Analytical Toxicology Laboratory in Poisoning Management / Role of Toxicology Laboratory in Toxicovigilance and Prevention of Poisoning / Colour (Chemical) Tests / Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) / High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) / High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) / Gas Chromatography (GC) / Spectrophotometry and Spectrofluorimetry / Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS) / Toxicovigilance and Prevention of Poisoning / Extraction Procedures for some Pesticides and Drugs / Hazardous Pesticides / Weights and Measures used in Analytical Techniques / Laboratory Safety / Bibliography / Index


The bow-form like connecting spring for the connector block comprising: DOLLAR A - a support portion DOLLAR A - an operating portion DOLLAR A - an elastic sheet, which connects the support portion with the operating portion, and DOLLAR A - a movable connecting portion extending the operating portion with respect to the elastic sheet, and the connecting means for at least one electrical cable adduced. DOLLAR A It also includes a return section which is connected by an elastic bending of the support portion opposite to the elastic sheet, and which is intended to cooperate with the actuation portion.


Results: 97 children were included in the study. 61,4% of the children had esotropia (ET), while 35.9% had exotropia (XT). In each group, the magnitude of deviation was classified in smaller (<) or equal/ greater (≥) then 30 prismatic diopters. When analyzing the functional and the psychosocial scores of the groups separated by the type of strabismus and magnitude of deviation, the average score of the group with esotropia and the patients with larger deviations were worse. The correlation value between the psychosocial and functional scores was 200.656 (p <0.01).


Simultaneous structuro-kinetic information obtained via time resolved stopped-flow/UV-Vis spectroscopy/dispersive EXAFS (EDE) experiments elucidated a two-step process for the addition of iodobenzene to [(Ph3P)2Pd(dba)].


The tri-isopropylphenylsulphonylhydrazone of methyl vinyl ketone undergoes the Shapiro reaction to give 2-lithiobuta-1,3-diene which reacts with aldehydes to give 2-substituted dienes with high regioselectivity.


Since a failed attempt at a military coup on the night of 15 July 2016, the Gülen Movement (henceforth GM), which developed around the figure of Islamic preacher and social critic Fethullah Gülen (b. 1941), has been forcibly exiled from its homeland of Turkey.1 The events of that night marked the final, explosive stage in Fethullah Gülen's transition from powerful establishment ally to Turkey's most wanted criminal (Esen and Gumuscu 2017; Yavuz and Balcı 2018; Zarakol 2016). The Turkish government holds Gülen directly responsible for masterminding the coup and the GM is referred to in Turkey today as FETÖ (Fethullahist Terrorist Organisation), and the unprecedented wave of arrests and state sector purges that have been witnessed since 2016 have ostensibly been aimed at its members. In reality, tens of thousands of people—many of whom have no connection to Gülen whatsoever—have lost their jobs, fled the country or are now languishing in prison. Those Gülenists who were able to escape have sought refuge overseas, many of them apparently in Western Europe and the United States of America (US), where the GM has an established presence. With its considerable financial assets in Turkey confiscated by the state, febrile anti-Gülenism pervading the public mood and President Erdoğan's grip on power consolidated through an executive presidency, there is little prospect of the GM ever recovering its once powerful position in its homeland. Since 2016, the organisational contours of the GM have changed. Gülen continues to reside on his reclusive compound in Pennsylvania, US, where he has lived since 1999, and the efforts of the Turkish government to secure his extradition to face charges for masterminding the coup have so far failed. However, while Gülen and his inner circle of followers remain intact, the rest of the global GM has experienced serious rupture. Searching for a future outside Turkey, the


Diffusion in silicate melts often shows uphill diffusion, the diffusion of a component up its own concentration gradient. As discussed by Zhang (1993: J. Geophys. Res., 98,11901-11920), there has been no practical model until now that can predict whether uphill diffusion will occur in a given system. This paper presents a new nonlinear diffusion equation which can describe uphill diffusion in a ternary system and provide a criterion in what conditions uphill diffusion will take place. Cross coefficients Dij(i•¬j) in a multicomponent diffusion equation describe the strength in coupling between diffusional flows, which may cause uphill diffusion. Irreversible thermodynamics shows that cross coefficients are dependent on concentration, although their functional form is unknown. To estimate it, in this paper an irreversible thermodynamic approach by Miller (1959: J. Phys. Chem., 63, 570-578) and an eigenvector analysis by Gupta and Cooper (1971: Physica, 54, 39-59) is combined. The functional form satisfying the two conditions above is: D12=ƒÓ2(D22-D11) and D21=ƒÓ1(D11-D22). These cross coefficients give a nonlinear diffusion equation which satisfactorily describes uphill diffusion.


We prove that the multi-time particle distributions for annihilating or coalescing Brownian motions, under the maximal entrance law on the real line, are extended Pfaffian point processes.


We have obtained Chandra High Resolution Camera (0.1-10 keV) X-ray imaging of the inner optical filaments of Cen A. Faint X-ray emission is observed associated with the filaments with significance levels of 2-3.5 σ when the data are adaptively smoothed. Comparison with optical [O III] λ5007 emission-line imaging suggests that the X-ray-emitting gas is associated with the northwest edge of the optical line-emitting gas. This region of the filaments is closest to the radio jet and is therefore a candidate for shock heating induced by turbulent instabilities in the interstellar medium. The observed X-ray luminosity is significantly smaller than that predicted by purely radiative shock models of the filaments, implying that mechanical energy input does not provide 100% of the ionizing energy budget for the filaments.


Now in resource-oriented cities,there appeared a series of problems,such as recession of traditional industry,increase of unemployment,aggravation of environment pollution,retard of public service,and loss of spiritual culture,which seriously challenge human survival and development.The government at all levels should fully recognize the duration,complexity,and hardship of transformation for resource-oriented cities,focusing on the essence and core of people-oriented and scientific transformation.In practice,governments are the dominant organs,enterprises the leading parts,cadres the key to transformation,the public the foundation,projects the carriers,and innovations the soul.Only when combining these six systems together,can we quicken the pace of resource-oriented cities through cooperation of the whole society.


The actuality of WSN determined by the concept of intellectualization of various objects including homes, offices, buildings, industrial processes, etc. Sensor networks are distributed networks built of tiny sensor nodes exchanging information over wireless channels with the ability to record data on all parameters that is been asked to monitor and transmit measurement data to a base station or nodes to retransmit signals. The design and deployment of sensor networks require solving a variety of complex problems that are specific to each sensor network. Therefore, sensor networks have requirements for effectiveness in the implementation of the objectives in their design. Lead research shows that currently there is no method for comprehensive evaluation of the efficiency of sensor networks. In this paper is proposed an algorithm for determining the effectiveness of the sensor network according to specific criteria


SYLVIE UMUBYEYI, A SURVIVOR OF THE RWANDAN GENOCIDE AND NOW THE OWNER OF A RESTAURANT IN NYAMATA WHERE 50,000 TUTSI WERE MURDERED IN ONE MONTH, TELLS HER STORY


This study examined the changing geography of homelessness. It outlines the extent to which homelessness has become more spatially concentrated over time; where it has risen and fallen; and the importance that housing affordability, poverty and labour market opportunities play in reshaping its distribution.


In his literary works, Witold Gombrowicz has developed an interesting concept of a person entangled in a social sphere. A human being, according to the author of Ferdydurke, is an intrinsic being autonomically shaping his or her attitude in relations with other people. It is rather other peopls's circle, a social form, that fundamentally conditions the way a particular person thinks and acts. The depiction of an individual, portrayed by Gombrowicz, is a scale of attitudes ranging from the attitude of total submission to a social form to the attitude of peculiar freedom from the form. In my article I raise the questions of broadly understood "province-center" relations in the context of Gombrowicz's anthropological theses. Is the attitude of conformity and imitative adopting of thinking and behavior patterns characteristic of the "province" or of the "center"? Is the "province" doomed to imitative nature of thinking and coping of what the "center" does? Where is it easier to free oneself from the social influence and reach intellectual and cultural autonomy?


This paper introduced algorithm of wavelet-based neural network for target tracking.Multi-maneuvering target tracking is a process,which manages measure information to maintain currently state estimate.The fields of wavelet theory and neural networks have made rapid progress in recent years.Neural networks are nonlinear networks of self-organization and self-learning,they possess the capabilities of large-scale parallel processing,distributed information,neural networks have important influence on the revolution of traditional target tracking theory.Compared with BP algorithm,algorithm of wavelet-based neural network has more learning ability and higher estimated accuracy.


Sugar phosphate cyclases (SPCs) catalyze the cyclization of sugar phosphates to produce a variety of cyclitol intermediates that serve as the building blocks of many primary metabolites, for example, aromatic amino acids, and clinically relevant secondary metabolites, for example, aminocyclitol/aminoglycoside and ansamycin antibiotics. Feeding experiments with isotopically labeled cyclitols revealed that cetoniacytone A, a unique C7N‐aminocyclitol antibiotic isolated from an insect endophytic Actinomyces sp., is derived from 2‐epi‐5‐epi‐valiolone, a product of SPC. By using heterologous probes from the 2‐epi‐5‐epi‐valiolone synthase class of SPCs, an SPC homologue gene, cetA, was isolated from the cetoniacytone producer. cetA is closely related to BE‐orf9 found in the BE‐40644 biosynthetic gene cluster from Actinoplanes sp. strain A40644. Recombinant expression of cetA and BE‐orf9 and biochemical characterization of the gene products confirmed their function as 2‐epi‐5‐epi‐valiolone synthases. Further phylogenetic analysis of SPC sequences revealed a new clade of SPCs that might regulate the biosynthesis of a novel set of secondary metabolites.


COMPARISON OF FRACTURE DIAGRAMS BY MEANS OF STATISTICAL METHODS Summary Roses of fractures can be considered as empirical statistic distributions characterizing the arrangement of the fractures in the rock massif. To compare such distributions Person's χ 2 test and Smirnov-Kolmogorow's test D have been applied. A comparison made by means of the tests allows us to judge objectively of similarity or differentiation of the diagrams under consideration. The aplication of both tests is shown using the roses of fractures of the Tertiary clays (Fig. 2) that overlie the sulphur deposit, those of fractures of organodetrital limestones of Sarmatian age (Fig. 3), and by means of diagrams of fractures of Poznanskie days observed at the exposures, or obtained during three-axial shearing (Fig. 4). It has been ascertained that the differences between the diagrams shown in Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 are of insignificant nature, whereas those observed in diagrams in Fig. 4 are essential. Any analysis of the reasons of this differentiation of the diagrams transcends the possibilities of statistical methods, however. Normal 0 21 false false false PL X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */
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This research is based on obtaining a mathematical model to determine the efficiency of generating a generator coupled to a biomass gasification process. To do this, it is initially simulated internal combustion engine at the Aspen hysys® licensed software, in order to obtain the shaft work and a representative model of the generation efficiency of the motor; according to the characteristics of the power cycle and product gas from the gasification of agricultural biomass prevailing in the Department of Cordoba – Colombia: Cotton waste (Gossypium hirsutum), Rice husk (Oryza sativa), Sesame stalk (Sesamum indicum), Corn cob (Zea mays) and Coconut fiber (Cocos nucifera).Subsequently, the generator efficiency is evaluated by the electric power generation simulation phase in the Simulink Toolbox of the MATLAB® software.The deterministic mathematical models resulting from the simulations above are adjusted by statistical techniques to experimental data and a regression model that assesses the overall system efficiency is obtained. Such efficiencies range from 16 to 20%. Therefore it is concluded that the use of representative crops biomass product's calorific values in the Department of Cordoba -Colombia, are profitable for electric power generation.On the other hand, it is important to note that experimental data's reliable and monitored way acquisition was performed through the SCADA developing; it allowed real time process variables' intervention presentation.Copyright © 2015 by ASME


West African Islamic cultural heritage is recurrently overlooked or marginalized in scholarly, museological, and popular imaginaries, despite contemporary burgeoning Western attentiveness to Islam. Historically, Orientalists and/or Islamicists exclude West Africa, and anthropologists study West African Islam due to its alleged lack of written Arabic and Ajami texts (Loimeier 2013; Saul 2006), despite textual and material evidence to the contrary. Existing literature on the material expressions of West African Islam, largely edited volumes and museum catalogues, direct attention to Islamic West Africa, rather than Islam in West Africa, in other words, predominantly West African Muslim societies, and not those for whom Muslims comprise a minority (Adahl 1995; Insoll 2003; Roberts and Nooter Roberts 2003; for exceptions cf. Bravmann 1974, 1983, 2000). Analytically, the "Islamization of Africa" and "Africanization of Islam," standard nomenclature customarily employed to describe the simultaneous processes at play in West African Islam (Loimier 2013), note the reciprocal relationship between Islam and pre-existing West African religious traditions shaped by local contexts, circumstances, subjectivities, and exigencies (Fisher 1973; Trimingham 1980). Accordingly, West African Islam's material manifestations labeled "inauthentic," "syncretic," "vernacular," and "popular" are considered, inter alia, antithetical to "classical" Islam. Notwithstanding, so-called classical Islam represents the embodiment of a locally synthesized form that, over time and with repetition, has come to be conceptualized as "classical." Yet, Islam has incorporated and translated an assortment of pre-existing ideals to adjust in ways viewed as neither regression, apostasy, plurality nor heterodoxy. And, West Africa proves no exception. Indubitably, West African Islamic cultural heritage is the heritage of the "'Othered' religion par excellence" (Preston-Blier 1993:148).


Special clustering algorithms are attractive for the task of grouping an arbitrary shaped database into several proper classes. Until now, a wide variety of clustering algorithms for this task have been proposed, although the majority of these algorithms are density-based. In this paper, the authors extend the dissimilarity measure to compatible measure and propose a new algorithm ASCCN based on the results. ASCCN is an unambiguous partition method that groups objects to compatible nucleoids, and merges these nucleoids into different clusters. The application of cluster grids significantly reduces the computational cost of ASCCN, and experiments show that ASCCN can efficiently and effectively group arbitrary shaped data points into meaningful clusters.


This article uses snapshots, rather than the ongoing flows of diffusion/contestation typically emphasised by constructivists, to explore the exercise of power through normative change. Its case is a high-profile Human Rights Council initiative: the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights (UNGPs). These UNGPs have successfully presented meanings as fixed, while actually stretching those meanings' boundaries. They re-conceptualise what it means to 'respect' and 'protect' human rights. This is surprising given that the Principles were framed as a conservative exercise at clarification; and under-noticed, due to the legal rather than conceptual focus of the existing critical literature. According to the UNGPs, to respect human rights, agents need to take costly positive action. Furthermore, 'protect' obligations come before 'respect'. These are significant innovations. On the other hand, two missed opportunities of the UNGPs are their thin harm-based foundation for respect obligations, and their state-centrism about who has duties to protect.


As cell-level differences from person to person are gaining more attention, the idea of having personalised models of cell electrophysiology is growing ever more attractive. In this paper for the special session "Personalized medicine through integration of imaging and cardiac modeling", I briefly review the different pathways to personalisation and the challenges they present.


Background and Purpose— Recurrent ischemia risk is high in the acute period after cerebral ischemic events. Effects of antiplatelet agents may vary by time to loading dose (TLD). We explored the risk of recurrent events and safety and efficacy of ticagrelor versus aspirin in relation to TLD. Methods— We randomized 13 199 patients with noncardioembolic, nonsevere ischemic stroke, or high-risk transient ischemic attack to 90-day ticagrelor or aspirin treatment within 24 hours of symptom onset. For this analysis, 13 126 patients were categorized by TLD as <12 hours or ≥12 hours from start of index event. The primary end point was the composite of stroke, myocardial infarction, or death within 90 days. Major bleeding was the primary safety end point. Results— TLD was <12 hours in 4403 (33.5%) and ≥12 hours in 8723 (66.5%). The Kaplan-Meier% for the primary end point for all patients with TLD<12 hours was 7.5% versus 6.9% in TLD≥12 hours. Among patients with TLD<12 hours, the primary end point occurred in 147/2196 (6.8%) randomized to ticagrelor and in 184/2207 (8.3%) randomized to aspirin (hazard ratio, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.64–0.98; P=0.036). Among patients with TLD≥12 hours, the primary end point occurred in 6.7% patients randomized to ticagrelor versus 7.0% to aspirin (hazard ratio, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.81–1.12; P=0.55). There was no significant treatment-by-TLD interaction. Major bleeding rates were comparable on ticagrelor and aspirin, regardless of TLD. Conclusions— The event rate for the primary end point was higher in patients treated early (<12 hours) versus later (≥12 hours). In this exploratory analysis, a larger numerical difference in the primary end point was observed among patients on ticagrelor than on aspirin when TLD was <12 hours compared with ≥12 hours, although the interaction terms for treatment-by-TLD were not significant. For major bleeding, no relation to TLD was observed. Clinical Trial Registration— URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01994720.


Every production process is subject to variations that limit our ability to produce a defect-free product. Process capability models (PCMs) are used to quantify likely process variations, which can then be included during the analysis of a product design. PCMs facilitate the flowback of capability information from manufacturing/sourcing to design and are an essential element of Design for Six Sigma (DFSS). This paper discusses how process capability can be measured and modeled, how models can be organized and saved, and how models can be retrieved, evaluated, and applied.


The invention discloses a kind of data drainage method based on application quality and equipment thereof, said method comprising the steps of: receive data traffic;Identify the concrete application of described data traffic;Calculate the described QoE performance figure applied at least one link;The optimum link of described application is selected according to described QoE performance figure.Described equipment includes receiver module, application recognition module, computing module and Link selection module.The method according to the invention and equipment thereof, can calculate the quality condition applied in a certain link, and then dynamically select the optimum link of application traffic.


This paper studies a generalization of the classic binary search problem of locating a desired value within a sorted list. The classic problem can be viewed as determining the correct one-dimensional, binary-valued threshold function from a finite class of such functions based on queries taking the form of point samples of the function. The classic problem is also equivalent to a simple binary encoding of the threshold location. This paper extends binary search to learning more general binary-valued functions. Specifically, if the set of target functions and queries satisfy certain geometrical relationships, then an algorithm, based on selecting a query that is maximally discriminating at each step, will determine the correct function in a number of steps that is logarithmic in the number of functions under consideration. Examples of classes satisfying the geometrical relationships include linear separators in multiple dimensions. Extensions to handle noise are also discussed. Possible applications include machine learning, channel coding, and sequential experimental design.


Robbers abound.... People are saying: "We do not know what will happen from day to day." . . . Dirt prevails everywhere. . .. No public office stands open where it should and the masses are like timid sheep without a shepherd. . . . One who was indigent is now wealthy and the some time rich overwhelm him with adulation. Here we have an obvious description of a society in rapid decline, with considerable social mobility, loss of status, estrangement and alienation of citizens, bureaucratic decay, and even pollution. In these circumstances, one wonders indeed about the mental health and mental illness patterns in such a community and how far these expressions are appropriate to the jeremiads produced today.


A study evaluating the cost-effectiveness of using paving fabrics in roadway maintenance projects is getting a new look. The original work was a comprehensive study of pavement repair materials and methods. It examined maintenance treatments on 370 roads in Greenville County, S.C., in the 1997-98 maintenance year. Released in 2005, The Study of Pavement Maintenance Techniques Used on Greenville County Maintained Roads, was undertaken, compiled, and later presented by C. Joel Sprague, senior engineer for Texas Research Institute (TRI/Environmental Inc.). This exhaustive study compared the cost-effectiveness and performance of four road-maintenance treatments: (1) in-place, cold mill recycling and an overlay (2) patching, followed by paving fabric and an overlay (3) paving fabric and an overlay (4) overlay only What made this study particularly compelling was its groundbreaking use of a road-condition rating system as a performance monitoring tool. The ratings were used as part of a pavement management system to evaluate the effectiveness of the four defined maintenance strategies. The road condition rating allowed the study to take into account the condition of the pavement at the time that the maintenance work is done. Common sense suggests that different treatments fare best under different conditions, and this study confirmed that supposition. "Previous studies have shown that nonwoven pav ing fabr i c s extend the life of asphalt overlays up to 10 years," explained John Miner, paving products market manager at Mirafi Construction Products, TenCate Geosynthetics. "This analysis of pavement condition indexes lets us quantify the benefits of paving fabrics [as compared to] four specific pavement strategies. This is extremely helpful to pavement maintenance engineers around the country as they develop the most cost-effective solutions to repair their roadway systems," Miner said. The paving assessment was not the only new element. The study was also the first to draw broad-ranging conclusions about the economic benefits of paving fabric interlayers. In the past, some transportation departments and local contractors have chosen not to use paving fabrics, viewing them as an unnecessary and extra cost. However, this study demonstrated that incorporating a paving fabric interlayer is always a cost-competitive repair strategy. On a road in a typical "needs repair" condition, the paving fabric repair strategy clearly gives the most bang for the construction buck.


The quality of the key specialty departments determines the hospital's competitiveness. SWOT analysis was used to analyze the construction of the key specialty departments. Relevant proposals were put forward based on the SWOT analysis on the combination of actual practice.


Letter from the Department of State suggesting a committee of State, War and Navy representatives to study the formulation of the surrender terms of Japan and political and military polcy questions related to the Far East. Reply by Secretary Stimson delaying a decision on proposal.


Academic proficiency test as a public policy is discussed with its internal logic, which consists of determining the test value orientation of " Action Plan of Revitalizing Education for the 21st Century " -based , establishing academic proficiency standards of curriculum standards-based, defining content standards for curriculum standards as exam content areas, designing examination paper of examinee-oriented and structuring uniqueness of test with discretion of implementing academic proficiency test. On the basis of it, this paper discusses strategies and methods of solving the current problems of academic proficiency test.


This paper analyses representations and corporal expressions of children between 7 and 9 years old. Starting from the concept of corporeity, a fundamental element of the human development, as the dimension built with the broad process of social interaction. School and media are compared and indicated as significant agents. With the aim of knowing the children's response to this process, we carried out a field inquiry with some students from a Escola-Parque (Park-School), in Brasilia, during the year of 2001. We integrated to the research some of the activities of the school, where Arts and Physical Education were taught. We followed the subjects through cartoons, theater, games, music and dance. We noticed that, although the school and the media filter the view of the children, art enhance the production of other corporal images.


Technological support is supplied for macro decision-making on intelligent agricultural system.Technology route on web publication of geographical information in building intelligent system is presented based on WebGIS,ArcIMS,Servlet/JSP and dynamic Web.Responding speed is developed and transmitting process is optimized by the division of frontground and background.A crop dynamic subarea system based on WebGIS is built to realize the publication of area information of crop which supplies foundations for management and decision-making on agricultural macro area.


The ability to localize, either by pointing or naming, the fingers of one's own hands or those of another person is a perceptual skill of some clinical interest because impairment in the ability is related to the presence of cerebral injury or disease in both adults and children. "Finger agnosia" as a consequence of cerebral pathology was first described by Gerstmann (5) in 1924. Further study by him as well as other workers1 established the symptomatic significance of this rather distinctive behavioral deficit. Isolated impairment in finger-localization ability or, to use a term introduced by Strauss and Werner (6), in the appreciation of the "finger schema," is not a frequent finding in adult patients with cerebral disease. This is not altogether surprising when it is realized that the responsible lesion is almost invariably found to be in the dominant cerebral hemisphere. A frequent consequence of such a lesion is, of course, an aphasic disorder that is likely to interfere with the assessment of finger-localizing skill, a task which by its very nature involves some degree of symbol-understanding or symbolic response. Moreover, if a patient with gross sensory disturbances or profound impairment of the body-image is unable to localize his fingers, the deficit is not designated as a "finger-agnosia" because of the more basic disability. However, even when these factors are discounted, defective fingerlocalization, at least as conventionally measured, seems to be rather infrequently encountered in brain-injured adults. In contrast to the findings with adults, a significant proportion of braininjured and defective children appear to show impairment in finger-localization when their performances are compared with those of normal children of similar mental age. Thus, Benton, Hutcheon and Seymour (2) found in a preliminary study that four subjects (17 per cent) in a group of 23 1 See Critchley (4) for a review of the clinical literature since the publication of Gerstmann's classic paper.


The neorealist explanation of the end of the Cold War is limited by its rationalist understanding of security dilemmas. Rationalist models inadequately explain the coordination of action because they obscure actors' interpretive abilities, the context of the interaction, and the binding force of language. To better understand the processes by which states resolve security dilemmas, we need to conceptualize security dilemmas as a set of linguistically constructed social rules. Onuf's linguistic understanding of social interaction can more adequately explain the coordination of action. By applying Onuf's constructivist theory of world politics to the end of the Cold War, the superpower reconceptualization of security requirements challenge the socially constructed rules of that security dilemma.


We report the results of a retrospective study about 82 patients who have been operated on at the department of ORL and Cervico-facial Surgery in hospital 20 August of Casablanca between January 1996 and December 2005. Several parameters have been studied; they concern at the same time the epidemiologic, the clinic and particularly the surgical aspect. The study of population permitted to notice a neat male predominance as we counted 84% of men and 16 % of women. The average age of the patients was relatively young: 27.43 years old; the most frequent etiologies consisted in the highway accidents (46%) and the aggressions (punch) 42%; the left side is most affected (54%); the mechanism of the fracture was direct in 72% of the cases. The major clinical signs ware: the enophtalmia, the diplopia; the sensitive disorders in the infra and supra orbital nerves zones as well as the depression of the cheek-bone. The computerized tomographic examinations in axial and coronal section permitted to arrive at the positive diagnosis in all the cases. The mean delay between the traumatism and the intervention was 52 days. The surgical exploration has, for us, very wide indications, they are, unquestionably, when main clinical signs appear (diplopia, enophtalmia; unaesthetic deformity, outdated strengthened fracture in vicious position), it was also essential in the cases that give rise to few symptoms that the scanner showed the relatively important lesions (bulky bone deficiency). The surgical operation consisted in simple exploration with release of herniated orbital tissues in the sinus, without interposition of materiel in 32 cases (39%). In the other cases, we used the materiel after the reintegration of herniated tissues. So, the osseous autografting has been the main material of reconstruction (parietal bone 30%), then the autologous cartilaginous grafting (septal cartilage 29%). For the evaluation of the clinical evolution, all the patients have been convened but only 42 among them answered to our invitation. The functional result was satisfactory in 88.5% of the cases (resolution of the diplopia in 84% of the cases, of the enophtalmia in 62% of the cases and of the hypoesthesia in 50% of the cases. About the esthetic aspect, among 42 scars, 33 (40%) were invisible, 6 (14.2%) were little visible and 3 (7%) were visible. The consistence of borders has been considerated as perfect in 60% of the cases, satisfactory in 24% of the patients and bad in 16% of the case.


The paper concerns the experience of heart attack in the essays of Jan Kott – a famous theater historian, theatrical and literary critic, literary historian, translator and writer. "I write not about me, I write myself" is the motto of one of his biographical books, titled  The Heart attack. Contribution to the biography . The body and various diseases (heart attack as well as tuberculosis and cancer) are important methods for understanding his writing. Kott shows the double meaning of the heart attack: on the one hand it is a failure, mechanical damage, according to the opinions of Susan Sontag; on the other hand the heart attack can be seen as a metaphor. In the following texts Jan Kott presents the metaphysics of his illness. It consists of several problems, for example the relationship between the chest pain and the orgasm and the probability of death.


The color difference formulas CIE94 and CMC are only applicable to small color differences. For this reason, three papers have been written in which a basis for Euclideanization of these systems and, thus, for the calculation of large color differences was established. The original articles gave the equations for the Riemann spaces that were used to determine by calculus of variation the geodesics for acceptability. Several examples were shown. Subsequently, a direct method of transforming the Riemann space into a Euclidean space was published. With additional calculations, this method could also be applied successfully to the CMC system. This was also proven by examples. Several flaws that surfaced in both systems were listed and corrected (missing upper application limit, missing warning regarding non-Euclideanicity, lack of standardization, missing invariance for the event that reference and sample were transposed).


Large generation share from uncertain non-synchronous generation sources (like wind and solar) would reduce system inertia and is likely to pose real-time operational challenges for the utilities to provide primary frequency response (PFR). PFR adequacy is recognized globally as one of the potential solutions to system inertia reduction and quasi-steady-state frequency stability. This necessitates a model that could accurately predict system inertia condition, which is not traditionally practiced in today's control rooms and estimate PFR adequacy under uncertain wind generation. This paper proposes a novel two-stage stochastic generation and PFR scheduling model, with the aim to provide prior information of available system inertia and PFR for largest generation outage, following system security criteria. Wind generation uncertainty is modeled using scenario generation and reduction technique. Case studies carried out on one area IEEE RTS provides prior information of system inertia and PFR. This would support system operator to handle inevitable contingencies.


Activated carbons were produced from coconut shells of tall and dwarf tree varieties. The activated carbon from the tall tree variety was initially synthesized using 1 M concentration of each of ZnCl2, H3PO4, and KOH solutions. From the adsorptive tests conducted using methylene blue solution, the activated carbon produced with H3PO4 gave the best absorbance and adsorptive performance. Coconut shells of dwarf tree variety were then obtained and treated with same mass of coconut shells of the tall tree variety using varied concentrations of the acid in order to determine whether the optimum concentration and temperature for producing carbon black from the coconut shells are distinct or similar for both varieties. The process was also modelled using the Differential Response Method (DRM) in order to determine the yields and adsorptive performances of the activated carbons by varying the carbonization temperature and concentration. The results from experiment and the developed mathematical model were both found to be in agreement giving the optimum concentration of phosphoric acid and pH for producing activated carbon to be 0.67 M and 2.07 for the tall tree variety and 1 M and 1.98 for the dwarf variety at optimum temperatures in the range of 450–575°C and 575°C, respectively.


Summary

Background: Studies elsewhere have shown a high incidence of malnutrition in brain-injured people and in in-patient populations.

Objectives: To investigate the incidence of malnutrition in long-term rehabilitation at the National Centre for Brain Injury Rehabilitation and to evaluate the usefulness of a range of measures of nutritional status.

Methods: All (n=33) patients were invited to participate. Anthropometric, dietary, haematological and biochemical measurements were made.

Result: The incidence of malnutrition was nil. The incidence of obesity was comparable to the 'normal' population. Subjects consumed a nutritionally adequate diet, except for NSP (fibre).

Conclusion: The result was not only better than that of other therapeutic communities, it was better than the 'normal' population. Useful tools for assessment of nutritional status were found to be BMI, arm anthropometry, biochemistry, haematology and food diaries. Further study of the nutritional status of all admissions will identify the changes which can occur during long-term rehabilitation.


This article compares perspectives on access to health care issues in 12 rural counties in the mountain region of North Carolina from three sources: 1) meetings with 38 health providers; 2) a survey of 1059 households; and 3) relevant health and population statistics. The main provider concerns were: 1) transportation to care; 2) dental services; 3) lack of resources for small populations; 4) population-based issues; and 5) negative perceptions about local health care. These concerns were compared to results from the survey and health statistics and similarities and differences among the three sources of information were noted. Comparisons were not made to validate or discredit any of the three sources of information, but rather to provide a rounded picture of access to care problems in a rural area. Results are discussed in terms of their policy implications, such as the degree of congruence between health professionals' perceptions and other information, the need to provide better transportation to care, and the issues of providing care to the elderly and Hispanics.


In this paper, we address the problem of air path variables estimation for an HCCI engine. Two observers are proposed. Both rely on physical assumptions on the combustion, but use different sensors. After proving convergence in the two cases, we carry out comparisons based on simulation results. We stress the impact of two particular additional sensors on obtained performance: fresh air and EGR temperature probes.


Assembling Air conditioner condenser and auto transmission 'oil cooler separately into cooling module has disadvantage of cost, weight and performance, In addition, it has package problem because of complex engine room layout. The integrated heat exchanger which unifies condenser and oil cooler was developed to improve cost, weight and package layout with keeping the performance as before. Bench and vehicle condition test was performed to find the optimized specification. The test result shows that the integrated heat exchanger can reduce weight by 10% with similar performance compared to previous separate system and get more compact cooling module.


This is the introductory essay to the Special Issue "Faith after the Anthropocene" published in Religions 11:4 and 11:5. How does the Earth's precarious state reveal our own? How does this vulnerable condition prompt new ways of thinking and being? The essays that are part of this collection consider how the transformative thinking demanded by our vulnerability inspires us to reconceive our place in the cosmos, alongside each other and, potentially, before God. Who are we "after" (the concept of) the Anthropocene? What forms of thought and structures of feeling might attend us in this state? How might we determine our values and to what do we orient our hopes? Faith, a conceptual apparatus for engaging the unseen, helps us weigh the implications of this massive, but in some ways mysterious, force on the lives we lead; faith helps us visualize what it means to exist in this new and still emergent reality.


Translation is the reproducing of the meaning of the source languageculture through the closest natural equivalent, says Eugene Nida. Beyond the reproduction of the equivalent, some other detail, and not the least, must be factored in the process of translation. This is all the truer when it comes to translating poetry. If prose may be translated without absolute regard to the form, the same does not hold for poetry. The task of translator requires that the receiving end of the process of translating take advantage of the aesthetics enjoyed in the source language. When translating so essential a poem in African literature of French expression, Lucille Clifton, an African-American poetess and translator, seemed to not having been able to escape this snare. There are some meaning gaps in her translation of David Diop's "Afrique". This can be seen in instances where some area-specific terms in Sub-Saharan Africa used in the original. This note on translation seeks to lay bare the lacunas and attempts to fill them up with some suggestions.


Background: Recent developments in nanotechnology lead to a growing interest for better understanding to the biological interaction of NPs within body tissues, in particular the cardiovascular system, where exposure to TiO2 nanoparticles acutely changes cardiac excitability and increases the incidence of arrhythmic events. Aim: The current study investigated the effects of intraperitoneal injections of TiO2 NPs at a concentration of 1944 mg/kg b.wt. to mice for five consecutive days on the myocardium and the possible protective potential of vitamin E. Results: Histopathologically, the acute exposure of TiO2 NPs disrupted the normal cellular architecture of heart with degenerated myocardial fibers, loss of striation, hyalinosis, increased eosinophilia, , local infiltration of inflammatory cells especially around blood vessels, damaged nuclei, vacuolated sarcoplasm, partial bleeding, extravasated red blood cells, congested coronary vessels and necrotic areas. Molecularly, the cardiac muscle exhibited a marked increase in DNA fragmentation for 2.4 folds in tail DNA (2.338%) and 5.4 folds in tail moment DNA (6.428) as compared to control. VE administration to TiO2 NPs intoxicated mice returned their myocardial muscles to their healthy status and partially protected them from DNA damage. Conclusion: The results of this study extend and confirm the cyto and genotoxicity of TiO2 NPs in myocardium and suggest VE as a protective food supplement against their toxicities.


In this paper, I suggest an index to measure the changes in expected house price movement. If there are no-arbitrage opportunities, the changes in expected house price movement can be described by an index constructed from some observable information such as house price index and rental price indexes. The result shows followings; First, the nation-wide level of expected housing price change had gradually fallen from Jun. 2015 to Jan. 2017 except for some specific regions such as Sejong, Jeju, and Gangnam districts in Seoul. Second, after Jan. 2017, the average level of the expectation have been rising in Korea.


To enhance the capacity of cellular systems, the application of smart antennas at the base station has been proposed in the literature. With smart antennas, adaptive beamforming with directional reception and transmission becomes feasible. Consequently, smart antenna systems will significantly decrease interference power in cellular systems. Two basic approaches can be used to transform the reduced interference into actual capacity gains: space division multiple access (SDMA) and spatial filtering for interference reduction (SFIR). This paper is focusing on SFIR systems, where the reduced interference is utilized by reducing the frequency re-use distance and re-arranging the channel assignment such that each cell has available a higher number of channels, giving rise to higher Erlang capacity. This paper provides an analytical approach to assess the capacity achievable with smart antennas if SFIR is used. We consider the average C/I improvement and resulting tighter channel re-use, yielding improved call blocking performance. However, we also take into consideration the outage probability, which is a result of the dynamic nature of the interference.


The present invention relates to be related to medicine synthesis technique, it discloses a kind of for treating the preparation method of Huppert's disease drug lenalidomide, wherein, the preparation method includes: 1) by 2- methyl-3-nitro methyl benzoate and 3- amino -2,6- piperidine dione carries out hybrid reaction in organic solvent in the presence of tetramethylethylenediamine and zinc bromide and obtains 3- (7- nitro -3- oxo -1H- iso-indoles -1- base) piperidines -2,6- diketone;2) 3- (7- amino -3- oxo -1H- iso-indoles -1- base) piperidine-2,6-diones are obtained into lenalidomide through catalytic hydrogen reduction.The preparation method of lenalidomide of the invention, mild condition, reaction step be simple and direct, it is environmentally friendly, be more suitable for industrialized production.


Abstract Our commentary addresses two issues that are not developed enough in the target article. First, the model does not clearly address the distinction among external objects, external body parts, and internal bodies. Second, the authors could have discussed further the role of body schema with regard to its dynamic character, and its role in perspective and in imitation.


The water-filling (WF) algorithm is a widely used design strategy in the radar waveform design field to maximize the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR). To address the problem of the poor resolution performance of the waveform caused by the inability to effectively control the bandwidth, a novel waveform-related optimization model is established in this paper. Specifically, a corrected SINR expression is first derived to construct the objective function in our optimization model. Then, equivalent bandwidth and energy constraints are imposed on the waveform to formulate the waveform-related non-convex optimization model. Next, the optimal frequency spectrum is obtained using the Karush–Kuhn–Tucker condition of our non-convex model. Finally, the transmit waveform in the time domain is synthesized under the constant modulus constraint. Different experiments based on simulated and real-measured data are constructed to demonstrate the superior performance of the designed waveform on the SINR and equivalent bandwidth compared to the linear frequency modulated signal and waveform designed by the WF algorithm. In addition, to further evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm in the application of cognitive radar (CR), a closed-loop radar system design strategy is introduced based on our waveform design method. The experiments under real-measured data confirm the advantages of CR compared to the traditional open-loop radar structure.


The aim of this essay is to provide, in an accessible, concise, and synoptic format, a new Kulturphilosophie , or "philosophy of civilization," that covers the period running from the turn of the 20 th century to the end of the second decade of the 21 st century. Our use of the term Kultur ("culture" or "civilization") is intended not only to emphasize that we are philosophizing about civilization as a whole since 1900—including philosophy itself, the applied and fine arts, the formal and natural sciences, society, and politics. It is also intended to emphasize that we view civilization in this maximally broad sense, during this 120-year period, as a product of certain philosophical, artistic, scientific, social, and political conditions that have also generated a certain world-image or "world-picture" ( Weltbild ) that has more or less non-self-consciously characterized humanity's development and guided its course during that period—but towards what? Answer: towards our collective rational human condition right now and right here, namely, Spring 2020 in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic, at The End of the World. More precisely, we are claiming that the past 120 years of civilization have effectively driven humanity into a veritable cul de sac , a dead end for rational human civilization. As a consequence, we most urgently need to retrace our steps, identify a philosophico-cultural version of Robert Frost's "road not taken" that briefly appeared between 1900 and 1940, and then correspondingly revolutionize our thinking towards a philosophy of the future that can and should extend beyond The End of the World and into the next four decades of the 21 st century. We call this philosophy of the future new wave organicism . Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */
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The efficacy of biochar prepared from rice husk and bamboo at 500°C against stalk rot of corn caused by Fusarium graminearum was tested at biochar doses of 0, 0.5, 1, 2 and 3% (w/w). In general, the application of biochar controlled the disease. Compared with the 0% control, biochar addition at the low concentration of 0.5% enhanced corn growth. In addition, biochar addition at various concentrations decreased the disease severity. The disease control potential varied based on the biochar type and dose. The most effective dose for controlling the disease was 2% for rice husk biochar and 1% for bamboo biochar. A terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis revealed changes in the soil microbial community after biochar addition. In conclusion, our results provide a basis for applying rice husk and bamboo biochar as a soil amendment for the suppression of corn stalk rot caused by F. graminearum. © 2019 Friends Science Publishers


Most of the small- to medium-scale flood mitigation technologies in Bangladesh are planned, designed, and constructed in a top-down approach, ignoring the actual needs of the vulnerable communities and the appropriateness of the technology in the local context. This non-inclusive approach does not create ownership of the technology by the local communities and stakeholders, and undermines the sustainability of the technological solution. This paper presents the co-creation process and preliminary performance monitoring results of a few small-scale flood mitigation technologies implemented as pilots in the peri-urban area of Sirajganj, Bangladesh. Local communities, policy actors, and stakeholders were involved at various stages of planning, design, construction, management, and monitoring of these pilots. Sustainability scores of the technologies in their technical, economic, social, and environmental dimensions are assessed through a set of indicators. A comparative sustainability analysis of these technologies is performed based on the user experiences and expert opinions. It is concluded that successful technical performance and functional effectiveness, along with reasonable and fair costs, are the primary requirements for the sustainability of a flood mitigation technology to improve community resilience. This study also provides key policy recommendations for building community resilience in urban/peri-urban areas of Bangladesh to deal with flood risks.


The present invention relates to a gasoline engine, and more particularly to a compression ignition gasoline engine that uses the low cetane number fuels, such as gasoline. To this end, the present invention relates to a combustion control of the compression ignition engine system having a variable valve device capable of varying the injector and the intake and exhaust valves and valve timing for directly injecting fuel into the combustion chamber, at least two intake valves and the two exhaust valves, spark plugs and each of the lift and the opening period, the face the combustion chamber center, and includes an injector proximate to the location on the spark plug, the exhaust valve is low lift when the two exhaust valves disposed in said combustion chamber a central and have the same symmetrical valve lift, the intake valve provides a compression ignition gasoline engine, it characterized in that the lift and the opening duration of each low lift when two intake valves of different asymmetrical valve lift. Combustion chamber, injector, spark plug, the multi-lighting, multiple injection


In this brief consideration of mine, trying to remain as faithful as possible to the texts taken into exam, I will first try to introduce the concept of history as contemporary history in the thinking of Benedetto Croce, whereas the second part of the reasoning will point toward proving and meditating on how such concept crosses the whole philosophical system of the Italian intellectual. What does contemporary history mean according to Benedetto Croce? Why is the spirit of the historian fundamental in the description of this concept? What kind of connection exists between story and contemporary history? What does pathology of history mean? How does the concept of contemporary history relate to that of awareness, of finished and thinking? These are but a few of the questions to which I tried to find an answer with this essay.


This thesis examines the nature, capabilities, and growth policies of the increasingly successful French and Japanese space programs, with an emphasis on their strategies for competing with the larger U.S. and Soviet programs. Toward that end, information and analyses are first presented with respect to the context and policy environment for the programs, including such issues as program structure, funding patterns, overall program goals, and the more general trends in each nation regarding high technology policies. The U.S. program is used throughout this portion of the research as a base of reference for the characteristics and capabilities of a large public sector program. Following this analysis of general program characteristics and policies, evaluations of the specific technological capabilities and strategies of the two programs are provided in relation to a range of space technology areas. Through the evidence presented in this work, it is shown that the French and Japanese space programs have achieved notable levels of success through the pursuit of specific niche capabilities and related niche markets, particularly in areas where the U.S. position is weak. Despite this general similarity in overall nature, it is also demonstrated that the niche development strategies of the two programs have been different in both form and outcome, with the Japanese program emphasizing valueadded markets and positioning for future applications of specific niche technologies, and the French program focusing on the attempted near term commercialization of integrated systems. The implications of these approaches for longer term growth are also considered, with the eventual conclusion that the programs will remain niche market players for the foreseeable future. Thesis Supervisor: Leon Trilling Title: Professor, Aeronautics and Astronautics Thesis Supervisor: Daniel E. Hastings Title: Assoc. Professor, Aeronautics and Astronautics


Recently q-deformed Einstein equations have been studied for extremal quantum black holes which have been proposed to obey deformed statistics by Strominger. In this study, we give the solutions of deformed Einstein equations by considering these equations for the charged black holes. Also we present the implications of the solutions, such as the deformation parameters lead the charged black holes to have a smaller mass than the classical Reissner- Nordstrom black holes. The reduction in mass of a classical black hole can be viewed as a transition from classical to quantum black hole regime.


Twentyfour norbornane analogues of tryptamine and 5‐methoxytryptamine were investigated for affinity at 5‐HT2 receptors of the rat tail artery and proved to be weak non‐competitive antagonists of 5‐HT. Compound 12 which displayed a marked depression of the concentration‐effect curves, was examined for potential interaction with the allosteric binding site of the 5‐HT2 receptor. The effects elicited by 12, in the presence and absence of the allosteric activator ketanserin, were atpyical and must be attributed to a mechanism, unknown up to now. In radioligand displacement experiments binding data for a set of nine compounds were determined at 5‐HT1‐ like, 5‐HT2 and 5‐HT3 receptors, indicating subtype selectivity for some analogues. The binding affinity of 8 at 5‐HT3 receptors which was comparable with the affinity of the selective 5‐HT3 agonist 2‐methyl‐5‐HT, could not be demonstrated on the longitudinal muscle strip of the guineapig ileum. partially due to the M3 antimuscarinic activity of 8. Functional studies on the rat oesophagal tunica muscularis mucosae did not reveal 5‐HT4 agonist properties for two analogues of 5‐methoxytryptamine (8, 16).


The synthetic evaluation based on the Exploratory Factor Analysis and Cluster Analysis indicated that foreign trade development and regional development in Chinese mainland present unbalanced situation.According to VEC model checking result based on variation coefficient of average GDP per capita,total trade value and export value which 28 provinces' data in1985—2006 are used,there exists long-term equilibrium between regional disparity and regional foreign trade difference,furthermore,foreign trade difference is Granger Cause of regional disparity.Through the academic analysis,four kinds of mechanism conduct the affiliation between foreign trade and regional disparity,which includes: factor fluxion and factor earnings transformation,technical overflow and factor earnings transformation,factor accumulation and factor earnings transformation,institutional innovation and institutional transformation.


Studies dealing with the influence of increasing age on intestinal absorption are reviewed. Interest in these studies has resulted from statements that increasing age is accompanied by a delay and a reduction in drug absorption. There are, however, no data to support this conclusion. Nevertheless, data from studies of the absorption of sugars, fats and vitamins in subjects of different ages may be relevant to the problem of drug absorption, as are the other changes in gastrointestinal function that occur with advancing age. In the elderly there is a reduction in gastric pH which, in the case of some drugs, affects the solubility and thus will influence the rate of absorption. Furthermore, there is a reduction in intestinal blood flow, which would tend to delay or reduce drug absorption. Possibly there is a reduction in the number of absorbing cells in the intestine, with a consequent loss of absorbing surface in the aged; this may explain the reported reduction in passive diffusion in the aged. A modification of special transport mechanisms is suggested by the fact that the absorption of galactose, 3‐methyl glucose, calcium, and thiamine is reduced with increasing age. All of these factors tend to imply that drug absorption in the elderly is reduced. Fortunately perhaps, the reduction in absorption is accompanied by decreased metabolism and decreased excretion. Thus, limited absorption from the intestine is balanced by delayed elimination of drugs.


Research into self-terminating metal vapor lasers has a tendency towards high laser pulse repetition rates (PRR's). On the one hand, the production of PRR's between 0.1-1.0 MHz shows promise of further increase in the average power from this kind of lasers and, on the other hand, opens up fundamentally new possibilities for their applications.


The present invention falls within the field of biotechnologies and relates to a method for concentrating a cell suspension comprising a mucilaginous biomass of oleaginous yeasts. More specifically, the present invention relates to a method for concentrating, in order to favour the subsequent extraction process of intracellular lipids, a cell suspension comprising a biomass of oleaginous yeasts fermented in fermentation broth under conditions that allow the intracellular accumulation of lipids, said biomass being characterized in that it contains significant quantities of mucilaginous material.


It is noticed that the application of PbMo/sub 6/S/sub 8/ (PMS) wires for the generation of steady-state magnetic fields in excess of 20 T requires that several conditions be fulfilled in order to be realistic. Practical design considerations for PbMo/sub 6/S/sub 8/ wires are reported. Besides the availability of wires with sufficient lengths and uniform high critical current density J/sub c/, thermal and mechanical stability have to be achieved. The most severe criterion for thermal stability is based on the prevention of flux jumps in the presence of screening currents in the adiabatic limit. This results in filament diameters between 710 mu m and 90 mu m for critical current densities of 5*10/sup 8/ A/m/sup 2/ and 2*10/sup 9/ A/m/sup 2/, respectively. A dynamic stabilization of a PMS wire in an epoxy-impregnated coil is not very efficient. The behavior of the J/sub c/ of PbMo/sub 6/S/sub 8/ wires under tensile and compressive stress is discussed.


A suite of middle-shallow metamorphic rock series with the metamorphic basic sheet dike, metamorphic vesiculate basalt, biotite metaconglomerate, marble, garnet-bearing muscovite-biotite schist and metamorphic rhyolite is developed in the Guanghua village, northern Tonghua City, Jilin province. The rock series is different with the Archeozoic supracrust in rock association and metamorphic degree within the Longgang ancient land, having bimodal volcanic rock formational feature with the intracontinental rift environment. On the basis of the regional stratigraphic correlation, rock association characteristics, isotopic age, mutual relation with adjacent intrusive rocks and combining with the comprehensive analysis of the crust evolutional history, it should be early Proterozoic and established as Guanghua Group.


Functional mushroom polysaccharides have been known to the Asian traditional medicine for many years. The antiobesity activity of mushroom polysaccharides has been illustrated both in vivo and in vitro. However, the effect of pure polysaccharides on isolated fat cells has not been demonstrated. In this study, we used hot water and ammonium oxalate to extract polysaccharides from gray oyster mushroom [Pleurotus sajor-caju (Fr.) Sing.] and subsequently purified with enzymatic digestion, solvent extraction and ion-exchange chromatography. One of the fractions, 7S1-1, has the highest yield and purity and contains polysaccharides with the molecular weight around 500 kDa. In addition, Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and monosaccharide composition analyses showed that this 7S1-1 sample contains mostly β-glucan and some mannan. We find that the 7S1-1 fraction does not affect the total amount of triglycerides in the 3T3-L1 adipocytes but promotes a release of glycerol of the fat cells, suggesting that the fraction does not inhibit adipogenesis but stimulates lipolysis. Laminarin, a small β-glucan, confers similar results to the 7S1-1 sample, but it could not stimulate lipolysis as well as the 7S1-1 sample. Therefore, these results suggest a potential antiobesity activity of the mushroom polysaccharides.


A brass wind musical instrument comprises two main tubes along which a plurality of bypasses are arranged, the bypasses being inserted in series into the corresponding main tubes by the action of valve assemblies; an intermediate tube; a first changeover valve, which, while remaining inoperative, effects communication between a mouthpiece and one end of one of the main tubes, as well as between one end of the other main tube and one end of the intermediate tube, and which, while being operated, ensures communication between the mouthpiece and said one end of the other main tubes, as well as between said one end of said one main tube and said one end of the intermediate tube; and a second changeover valve, which, while remaining inoperative, carries out communication between a bell and the other end of said one main tube, as well as between the other end of the other main tube and the other end of the intermediate tube, and, when operated, attains communication between the bell and the other end of the other main tube, as well as between the other end of said one main tube and the other end of the intermediate tube, and wherein the nonoperation, selective use and simultaneous operation of the two changeover valves enable the brass wind musical instrument to be played over a broad range of musical tones.


Tk iriere are two major problems facing the medical profesS1?n in the UK. The first is the inevitable consequence of demographic changes that will be sustained until well after the turn of the century[l], The continuing increase ln the proportion of old people, and especially very old People, is apparent in society generally, and particularly ln any Health Service institution. As health needs are ^ge-related, the consequence for medicine is obvious, ttere will be an increase in demand for our services by e elderly, and this increase will be maintained until the retirement from practice of our present medical undergraduates. The second problem seems to bear a paradoxical |"elationship to the first. Medical unemployment is now a oming spectre, not least in the minds of individuals Wlthin the training grades. The development of inflexible Gaining programmes, including mandatory vocational S^neral practice training, requires that overall manpower P anning decisions must be made at least ten years before change is actually required. An individual's career P ans need about half this time, but changes demand Wasteful back-tracking.