This paper describes an implementation of a tunable CMOS resistor that can be fully integrated in a standard CMOS technology with low-power and low-voltage applications. It is built by exploiting the capacitive coupling and voltage storage capabilities of a floating-gate transistor. Also, a scaled-gate linearization technique is utilized to suppress the transistor nonlinearities in the triode region. The resistance of the proposed circuit is tuned by utilizing Fowler-Nordheim tunnelling and hot-electron injection quantum mechanical phenomena. We present experimental data from the chip that was fabricated in 0.5mum CMOS process, and show that this resistor exhibits total harmonic distortion (THD) better than 7-bit linearity for 1KHz 1Vpp sinusoidal input


fear of infection, fatality, physical difficulties, lack of certainty around people's life, However it is considerably challenging for the health care workers, for their nature of work makes them more vulnerable to get infected than the normal population, It is common for the health care workers to experience anxiety in the face of current pandemic. thus the present study focuses on the anxiety levels and coping strategies among health care workers during pandemic . The objective of this study is to assess levels of anxiety, resilience and ways of coping among health care workers. A total of 40 samples shall be taken for the present study, The standardized tools to be used in the study are a) Covid-19 anxiety scale (Lee, S.A 2020) b) Brief Cope Inventory (Carver 1997) c) Brief Resilience scale (smith and colleagues 2008) The hypotheses of the current study states that 1)There is a significant level of anxiety among health care workers 2) There is a significant relationship between the levels of anxiety and coping strategy 3) There is a significant relationship between resilience and levels of anxiety, 4) There is a significant difference between gender and level of anxiety 5) There is a significant difference between gender and coping strategy. The present study shall be insightful in terms of understanding the prevalence of anxiety among health care workers, and the role of coping strategy plays in elevating or ameliorating anxiety, It can be helpful in planning the interventions for future studies. The present study shall be helpful in understanding the level of anxiety among health care workers and what kind of coping strategy are predominantly used by the health care workers, and how adaptive/ maladaptive coping strategy influence the levels of anxiety, thus it can be helpful in planning the appropriate interventions for the target population in the future studies. ORIGINAL RESEARCH PAPER Psychology ANXIETY, RESILIENCE AND COPING STRATEGIES AMONG THE HEALTH CARE WORKERS DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC


The ongoing severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has caused a public health crisis that is exacerbated by our poor understanding of correlates of immunity. SARS-CoV-2 infection can cause Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), with a spectrum of symptoms ranging from asymptomatic carriage to life threatening pneumonia and cytokine dysregulation [1-3]. Although antibodies have been shown in a variety of in vitro assays to promote coronavirus infections through mechanisms requiring interactions between IgG antibodies and Fc gamma receptors (FcγRs), the relevance of these observations to coronavirus infections in humans is not known [4-7]. In light of ongoing clinical trials examining convalescent serum therapy for COVID-19 patients and expedited SARS-CoV-2 vaccine testing in humans, it is essential to clarify the role of antibodies in the pathogenesis of COVID-19. Here we show that adults with PCR-diagnosed COVID-19 produce IgG antibodies with a specific Fc domain repertoire that is characterized by reduced fucosylation, a modification that enhances interactions with the activating FcγR, FcγRIIIa. Fc fucosylation was reduced when compared with SARS-CoV-2-seropositive children and relative to adults with symptomatic influenza virus infections. These results demonstrate an antibody correlate of symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections in adults and have implications for novel therapeutic strategies targeting FcγRIIIa pathways.


Starting with the declaration of Tanzimat Firman in 1839, a systematic transformation in different fields, such as administration, law, taxation, property rights, education, urban planning and public works was initiated, which triggered the regulation of urban space as a tool for achieving a modern state. This paper focuses on the formation of urban regulations in the 19th century and questions their reflection in the urban space based on the case of Istanbul, the capital of the Ottoman State. The period between 1820–1900 is chosen, during which nine regulations were enacted concerning the buildings and the streets. During this period, the building regulations were tried to be systematized and following the establishment of the necessary urban administrative bodies, they were able to be applied in some districts in Istanbul. Although the building regulations were enacted with the purpose to transform the whole city, they could only be implemented in certain areas, the most prestigious neighborhoods such as Galata and Pera, due to financial and administrative restrictions.


To realize accurate and objective determination of the maturity grades of tobacco leaves,the visible/near infra-red spectrum(350-1 650 nm wavelength) of flue-cured Virginia(FCV) tobacco leaves of 5 maturity grades were measured and analyzed with an ASD Fieldspec FR2500 spectrometer.The characteristics of reflectance spectra of the leaves were obtained and a discriminant model for maturity grades was established and examined.The result showed that the visible reflectance spectra in 503-651 nm of tobacco leaves of different maturity grades were significantly different.A Fisher's linear discriminant model with reflectance of 514 nm,629 nm and 650 nm was developed by stepwise regression and further tested and calibrated.The accuracies of training set and calibration set were 98% and 97%,respectively.This hyper-spectrum-based model for determining the maturity grades of fresh flue-cured tobacco leaves was fairly stable in performance and it seems to be feasible to accurately identify leaf maturity grades with spectrometry.


The intent of this document is to combine data from salt samples and historical process information to bound the uranium (U-235) enrichment which could be expected in the upper portion of the salt in Tank 41H. This bounding enrichment will be used in another document to establish a nuclear safety basis for initial salt removal operations. During the processing period of interest (4/82-4/87), waste was fed to the 2H Evaporator from Tank 43H, and the evaporator bottoms were sent to Tank 41H where the bottoms were allowed to cool (resulting in the formation of salt deposits in the tank). As Tank 41H was filled with concentrate, the supernate left after salt formation was recycled back to Tank 43H and reprocessed through the evaporator along with any additional waste which had been added to Tank 43H. As Tank 41 H filled with salt, this recycle took place with increasing frequency because it took less time to fill the decreased volume with evaporator concentrate. By determining which of the sampled waste tanks were receiving fresh waste from the canyons at the time the tanks were sampled (from published transfer records), it was possible to deduce which samples were likely representative of freshmore » canyon waste. The processing that was being carried out in the Separation canyons when these tanks were sampled, should be comparable to the processing while Tank 41H was being filled.« less


ABSTRACT In order to provide optimal choice of activity locations and travel time reduction, a daily activity chain optimization method has been elaborated, which includes temporal and spatial flexibility of the activities. In the course of the optimization process, possible alternatives are searched using a modified version of the Traveling Salesman Problem with Time Window. The method is extended with a genetic algorithm to provide an optimal order of activities as the minimum of the predefined cost function (i.e. travel time). The multiobjective optimization can efficiently mitigate the travel time of the users. In order to provide some insight regarding the performance of the optimization algorithm, application-oriented simulations were performed on a real-world transportation network using real travel time information. Three transportation modes were considered: car, public transport, and combined (public transport with car-sharing). The simulation results demonstrate that the optimization is able to reduce travel time by 20–30%.


A Kolsky torsion bar is utilized successfully in a novel rheometric experiment for measuring the transient large-strain response of polymer melts under high shear-rate loading. A molten low-density polyethylene is studied with the new technique. The results show that the high-rate shear response of the material has an instantaneous rate dependence that may not be discernible at low rates and a strain-dependent hardening that saturates at large strains instead of fading. The usefulness of the technique and the significance of the findings are discussed in comparison with a modified rubberlike liquid theory and high-rate capillary measurements for low-density polyethylene melts.


What is it about events in Chile now four decades past that continue to provide us with metaphors for understanding current events, even as many of those understandings are in fundamental disagreement with one another? A July 21 New York Times article on the Bridgeport, Connecticut, school system, for example, reported on the deep divisions the superintendent of schools had created in the town. "We thought chile 40 Years later:


This study aims to determine the factors that influence employee performance at PT. Bumimulia Indah Lestari Cilegon Banten. The independent variables Social security and work motivation are the factors that are analyzed partially and simultaneously on the  Dependent  Variable of Employee Performance at the company. The number of samples in this study was 70 employees is a saturated sample. The analysis technique in this research uses a validity test, reliability test, classic assumption test, multiple linear regression analysis, t-test, F test, and R2 test. The research method used is a descriptive quantitative method that is a measurement of object data by processing data using SPPS V.25.0 software. The results showed that (1) Social security variables partially did not have a positive and significant effect on the performance of the employees of PT Bumimulia Indah Lestari, as evidenced by the t-value of 1,458 < t-table 1,668 with a sig value of 0.150>  0.05. (2)  Work  Motivation  Variable partially positive and significant effect on the performance of the employees of PT Bumimulia Indah Lestari, evidenced by t-value 2,375> t-table 1,668 with a sig value of 0.02 <0.05. (3) Social Security and Work Motivation Variables simultaneously have a positive and significant effect on Employee Performance of 19.6% s on the performance of employees of PT Bumimulia Indah Lestari, where the F-value is 8,189> F table 3.13 with a sig value of 0.001 < 0.05. Suggestions for PT Bumimulia Indah Lestari pay more attention to the timeliness of employees in carrying out their work so that the company's targets are met properly.


Objective
To investigate the correlation between hyperuricemia and non-frozen cold wounds (chilblains) in agricultural workers of a township for prevention measures.

Methods
From October 2016 to September 2017, a cross sectional study was applied to 3107 agricultural workers of a township in kaihua county, zhejiang province, of which 371 people with hyperuricemia were observed as the objective group and of which 2 736 people without hyperuricemia as the control group. The data of the occurrence of non-frozen cold wounds (chilblains) in winter among the objective group and the control group were gathered. The descriptive statistics was carried out with the prevalence ratio (PR) of chilblains and 95% confidence intervals of those agricultural workers with hyperuricemia.

Results
The prevalence rate was 11.94% and 371 cases with hyperuricemia among 3107 agricultural workers of a township. The total number of cases of non-frozen cold wounds (chilblains) was 195 cases and the prevalence rate was 6.28% with Chilblains among 3 107 agricultural workers of a township. The total of 55 cases with chilblains (14.82%) among the objective group, and 140 cases with chilblains (5.12%) were found among the control group (χ2=52.342, P<0.05) . The objective group had a high prevalence of chilblains. The prevalence ratio (PR) of chilblains was 2.897 (95%CI 2.163-3.881) .

Conclusion
Hyperuricemia may be a risk factor for non-frozen cold wounds (chilblains) . Those agricultural workers with hyperuricemia should pay more attention to keep warm and prevent non-frozen cold wounds (chilblains) in winter.

Key words:
Hyperuricemia; Non-frozen cold wounds (chilblains); Epidemiology; Cross-sectional studies; Agricultural workers


Mining and mining-related activities remain the world's most intensive, primary industrial activity undertaken with severe environmental impact. Coal mining falls within these primary undertakings, while coal burning for energy use further adds to environmental degradation. Coal burning is by far the least expensive and thus the most affordable means of energy supply to the South Africa low-income communities. It is likely that this status quo will continue indefinitely. The use of coal as an energy source in South African communities has been inherited with its resultant environmental (physical), social and economic implications. The physical implications are the actual hazards associated with coal during and after mining activities. "Physical hazards" include processes generating coal dust, coal ash and gaseous emissions, and hazards that manifest themselves from the existence of coal mining at a particular site, such as spontaneous combustion, surface instability and acid mine-water drainage. "Social hazards" are mostly the social and economic effects that are related to health. Social hazards associated with coal mining, coal processing and coal usage include dilution of cultural values, ethics, norms and the growth of informal sectors, for example, settlements and trade. Some of these hazards are immediate, while others are long-term and cumulative. Emphasis was placed on the cumulative effects of mining activities and the need to address issues relating to communities that live close to mining operations. This process of addressing community concerns is known as "creating a sustainable mining community". South Africa hosted the 2002 World Summit on Sustainable Development and is a signatory of the working plan of action known as the Johannesburg Plan of Implementation. Therefore, one would expect to see that mining communities in South Africa are acting on and benefiting from this plan of action.
The aim of this research is to assess the effectiveness of the 2002 World Summit on Sustainable Development and the Johannesburg Plan of Implementation in promoting sustainable mining and sustainable communities through changes in practices, perceptions and community participation in decision making. The research, undertaken during February to June 2007, examines the role of stakeholders and local authorities in basic environmental decisions. Environmental decisions examined were the provision of education and information to the community, uplifting community welfare through
corporate social investment and corporate social responsibility. The surrounding communities of eMalahleni (formerly Witbank) in the Mpumalanga (Highveld) coal-mining region – were identified as a suitable area for this case study.
Social research tools, comprising multiple-choice and open-ended questions administered to 6 790 respondents (3 930 learners and 2 860 general adult population), 650 voluntary comments, six individual interviews, and a 20 member focus group discussion, were used. Photographic images and personal observation provided…


The article deals with the professional decorative and applied art of Krasnoyarsk from the 50s of the twentieth century to the present. The aspect of consideration is the use of the ethnographic motif of the Krasnoyarsk Territory and the features of its embodiment in the products of Krasnoyarsk artists of decorative and applied art. Using the example of the creativity of N.V. Kasatkina, A.G. Tkachev, A.S. Moskvitin, A.S. Migas, S.E. Anufriev and E.A. Krasnova, the aspects of the use of the ethnographic motif and their transformation over time, which led to the formation of archeoart in modern decorative and applied art and the features of its embodiment in the works of the main conclusions of the study are shown. The principles of the use, functioning and transformation of signs of an ethnographic motif in works of decorative and applied art in the Krasnoyarsk Territory are presented. The process of forming a new style in art took place from quoting and simple stylization of individual objects of ethnography in the works of artists to the gradual increase of signs of an ethnographic motif in the works of masters, which led to the formation of a new understanding of the region in art. The main visual concept of modern archeoart is the representation of Yenisei Siberia as the "cradle of humanity". The ethnographic motif associated with the history and mythology of indigenous peoples becomes the starting point in the artistic image, through which the elevation of regional visual signs to symbols understandable to every person takes place.


The following article by Margaret Fay consists of an Introduction and Part I of a longer work; parts II and III and the Conclusion, described in the Introduction, are not extant. The article, though incomplete, outlines in full in its relatively few pages the central arguments and research results of a years-long research project, a project that had its beginnings in Oxford, England, and Syracuse, New York; took its structural shape in Berkeley, California; found its evidence in Amsterdam; and was fully researched in Munich and Starnberg, Bavaria. In May 1979, the author submitted her arguments and evidence in the form of a 400-page dissertation to the University of California at Berkeley. One month later Margaret died. (Her doctorate was awarded posthumously by the University of California.) How Science & Society came to be involved in this research process is reported in the preface to the dissertation: "I was first alerted to a way of thinking quite different from the liberal, middle-class, Quakerly tradition in which I had been raised [in Belfast, Northern Ireland], when I was a student of Social and Public Administration in Oxford (1967-1969). My 'conversion' was the result of reading Herbert Marcuse's One-Dimensional Man, for what I found in this book was a secular analysis of contemporary social conditions, whose results seemed to converge completely with the religious concerns that had hitherto shaped my life. Soon after my entry to Syracuse University in 1969 to study for an M.A. in sociology, I read for the first time Marx's 1844 manuscripts, and discovered the source of Marcuse's inspiration. However, it was not until I began preparing for my dissertation proposal at the University of California at Berkeley that I first appreciated, thanks to the guidance and encouragement of Professor Gertrude Lenzer (who was visiting professor at Berkeley, 1973-1974) to what extent Marx had drawn on Adam Smith. However, almost as 129


The effect of several zirconium compounds as additives on the morphology of xonotlite crystals was examined. Results have shown that the xonotlite fibers were not well developed when zircon and zirconia were used as additives,therefore the xonotlite fibers formed dense and aggregated secondary particles through close intergrowth,Such secondary particles are usually stronger than the hollow secondary particles,therefore are readily amenable to prepare high strength thermal insulating materials. When zirconium oxychloride was used as additive,the prepared xonotlite minerals are well crystallized. The intergrowth of the xonotlite minerals formed secondary particles with hollow structure,such secondary particles are readily amenable to form super light thermal insulating materials.


Raman scattering has been used to measure phonon linewidths and frequencies of a number of high quality diamond crystals. It was found that the defect induced broadening produced a Lorentzian line shape. The smallest Lorentzian linewidth of 1.68 cm−1 at 300 K caused by anharmonicity and defects was obtained for the high pressure synthesized diamond. The linewidths of the diamonds grown by chemical vapor deposition varied, with the best sample having a linewidth of 2.31 cm−1, close to the values for natural diamonds. No measurable phonon frequency shift caused by defects was found.


For important financial documents such as financial statements, financial contracts, bills, accounts, etc., even if there is a very small change in the transmission process, it may lead to huge economic losses, so it is of great significance to verify the content. In addition, the seal symbolizes an undeniable identity, so it should be absolutely credible. In this paper, we propose a method of passive authentication based on the block correlation to distinguish whether or not the documents have been tampered with semantics in the process of circulation after the paper documents are imaged, and then locate the tampered area. Through a large number of experiments, the results show that the tamper detection accuracy and location accuracy of the bill image are up to 96% and 92% respectively; the tamper detection accuracy and location accuracy of the seal are up to 93%) and 88% respectively.


This article may be used for research, teaching, and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, redistribution, reselling, loan, sub-licensing, systematic supply, or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. The publisher does not give any warranty express or implied or make any representation that the contents will be complete or accurate or up to date. The accuracy of any instructions, formulae, and drug doses should be independently verified with primary sources. The publisher shall not be liable for any loss, actions, claims, proceedings, demand, or costs or damages whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with or arising out of the use of this material. In this paper, we present a theoretical investigation and an extensive computational study of exterior point simplex algorithm (EPSA) initialization methods for the assignment problem (AP). We describe the exterior point algorithm using three different initialization methods. Effective implementations are explored for each initialization method. Then we perform an experimental evaluation on a large set of benchmark problems from the TSPLib 95 and OR Library collections. The results obtained demonstrate the advantages of the three initialization methods. Finally, we give a theoretical justification of the initialization methods efficiency. We explain theoretically the computational ranking for these methods.


In Part 1 of this history of neurology in Toronto, the advent of neurology as a specialty in 1892 and its progress over the next 20 years was described (Can J Neurol Sci 1995; 22: 322–332). Donald Campbell Meyers, the first neurologist received his training from "founders" in Paris, Vienna and London and returned to Toronto to establish his own private neurological hospital and a special unit – "the Nervous Wards" – in the Toronto General, the major teaching hospital. These pioneering initiatives clashed with an alienist establishment, itself internally in conflict, and the "Nervous Wards" were lost in the ensuing competition for medical resources.


Epoxy‐amine polymer thin films are fabricated by chemical vapor deposition using an aliphatic amine, which is very reactive to epoxy groups and has nonlinear optical properties. A transparent thin film is obtained by controlling the temperature and surface condition of the substrate, and the epoxy‐amine ratio during deposition. The refractive index of the film is 1.648. A slab waveguide is constructed by depositing the polymer film on SiO2 which is formed by thermal oxidation of a Si wafer. End coupling of a He‐Ne laser (632.8 nm) launches a well‐propagating beam. This is the first case in which a polymer waveguide is fabricated by dry processing.


A green methodology for the reduction of substituted nitroarenes to corresponding anilines using ammonium acetate as hydrogen donor and inexpensive commercial zinc dust as catalyst in aqueous media at ambient temperature and pressure is reported. In the Present system, compounds bearing other reducible functional groups like -OH, -CH3, -OCH3, -COOH, -COCH3, -CONH2 and halogens are unaltered. This protocol offers several advantages such as excellent yield, simple procedure, easy work-up and eco-friendly reaction conditions.


Based on analyzed working principle of JESS,using Jess Input/output routers redirect technical,piped data flow technical,muti-thread technical,servlet technical,the expert system shell software based on Browser/server model was designed.This system can move the JESS system from command line prompt model into internet model without change source code.The paper gives the software working principle and key source code.


In 1956 Moersch and Woltman (1) described a patient first seen in 1924 with increased muscle stiffness and difficulty in walking. The difficulty had started insidiously 4 years before this first examination and became so serious as to be disabling. The illness had begun with episodes of tightening of the muscles of the neck. Gradually these attacks had increased in frequency, severity and duration. The tightening had spread to the shoulders and the upper portion of the back. The condition worsened in 1923 after a minor fall which seemed to have no serious consequences other than to keep the patient in bed for a few days. There was rigidity of the neck muscles so that the head could be brought forward only with great effort. The most unusual characteristic of this patient's disease was the development of intermittent painful spasms. The gait was normally slow and awkward, and during the spasm the patient might "fall as a wooden man." Noise and sudden voluntary movements or jars could precipitate this. This symptom complex has since become known as the "stiff man syndrome" (2). In their original publication Moersch and Woltman described 13 other cases which had been seen a t the Mayo Clinic between the initial case and the time of publication. The symptoms and findings were similar. No diagnosis was made. Neurological examination showed only fluctuat-


The restoration of graphitic structures from defective graphene oxide was examined in a reactive ethanol environment at ultrahigh temperatures. Structural analysis by Raman spectroscopy indicates that turbostratic structures as well as high crystallinity in multilayer graphene were accomplished by an ultrahigh-temperature process in an ethanol environment. This phenomenon is quite anomalous since it is in striking contrast to the results observed in inert environments, where graphitization proceeds significantly to form a Bernal stacking multilayer graphene. The suppression of graphitization in ethanol environments is probably caused by the simultaneous supply of carbon and etching species during the restoration process.


A case of carcinosarcoma of the urinary bladder in a 33‐year‐old man is presented. The tumor developed from the left anterolateral wall and protruded into the vesical lumen. The excised tumor revealed that more than 99% was sarcomatous component with the appearance of an osteochondrosarcoma. Small foci of papillo‐tubular carcinoma were scattered in the sarcomatous area. The histological features, histogenesis and treatment of carcinosarcoma of the bladder are discussed in relation to the literature. ACTA PATHOL. JPN. 35: 981–988, 1985.


Omi-hachiman city in Shiga prefecture launched a new landscape plan in 2005, and a plan for landscape conservation in agricultural promotion area in 2006. This paper discusses the contents of the landscape conservation plan in agricultural promotion area and also describes the making process of the plan through authors' experiences at the city as planning advisers. The making process of the plan is summarized as follows; (a) encouraging residents to participate in the making process of the plan, (b) coordinating different sectors in the municipality, (c) coordinating different plans, and (d) creating landscape awareness for a long time.


Suggestions for programs for State Energy Offices and resources available for assisting individuals with energy problems are given. Consumer rights under present FEA requirements and the ways in which such rights can be enforced are described. (MHR)


Thank you for downloading bodyscape art modernity and the ideal figure. As you may know, people have look hundreds times for their chosen readings like this bodyscape art modernity and the ideal figure, but end up in malicious downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they juggled with some harmful bugs inside their laptop. bodyscape art modernity and the ideal figure is available in our book collection an online access to it is set as public so you can download it instantly. Our books collection saves in multiple locations, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Kindly say, the bodyscape art modernity and the ideal figure is universally compatible with any devices to read.


Personal experience in the treatment of 120 patients submitted to laparoscopic cholecystectomy from March 1992 to September 1993 is presented. The good results obtained suggest that VLC is the best surgical approach for the treatment of cholelithiasis in reason of diminished pain after surgery, shortened hospital stay and early return to work.


Wireless communication technologies change daily with tremendous speed. The first generation consists of analog circuit switching, the second is digital circuit switching (GSM) with 10 Kbps, the third generation is digital packet switching (Wideband CDMA) and now 4G is for very fast speed. A communication unit is said to be flourishing if calls are recognized correctly and efficiently. Handoff is very important for effective use of networks. Switching between GSM and WLAN is implemented with consideration of coupling architecture. Continues data signals are transmitted and received by switching wireless technology from WLAN to GSM and vice versa. Simulation results validate the seamless switching.


The growth of Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus casei,acid degree,total sugar content,and their relationship were researched during the dragon fruit juice fermentation.By measuring the speed of acid production,viable cell count,product's senses and flavor,etc.the lactobacillus applicable to ferment dragon fruit juice were screened.The results showed that,after 72 hours fermentation,acid degree of three samples fermented by Lactobacillus plantarum,Lactobacillus casei and their mixture reached to 82.9,161.8 and 149.41,respectively,and the total sugar content reduced by 18.5%,31.2% and 30.5%.Considering the speed of acid production and ability to produce acid,Lactobacillus casei was better than Lactobacillus plantarum.The cooperation of bacteria was also studied.The viable cell count showed that Lactobacillus casei could improve the growth of Lactobacillus plantarum.


We show how some integrable third-order difference equations recently given in the literature are related to one another by the process of interchanging parameters and integrals. Using the same process, we then create a 21-parameter family of integrable third-order difference equations that contains the previous examples as special cases. Our methodology illustrates that the combination of finding 2-integrals (i.e. integrals of the second iterate of the map), exploiting linear parameter dependence and using the interchange process provides a powerful way to relate and create higher-dimensional discrete integrable systems.


Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the fatigue, physical activity, sleep quality, and anxiety levels in patients with Multiple Sclerosis (PwMS) during the outbreak of COVID-19 to pre-COVID-19 outbreak. Material and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 48 MS patients, whom we routinely followed up, were contacted by e-mail. The participants were asked to complete an online survey that includes sociodemographic data form, the Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS), the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and the anxiety part of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Also, the patients' social isolation time and with whom they lived during this period were recorded. The study was completed between May 5 and 15, 2020 in Turkey. Results: Thirty PwMS, aged 21-58 years, volunteered to participate in the study. We found that physical activity and sleep quality decreased and fatigue increased in the COVID-19 pandemic period (p<0.05). However, no significant difference was found in the level of anxiety (p>0.05). Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that physical activity, sleep quality, and fatigue were more negatively compared to the pre-pandemic values, but no change was observed in anxiety status.


Linear and nonlinear stability of a flow between the walls of two coaxial cylinders has been investigated. The linear analysis has been carried out within the framework of the temporal linear stability theory. The eigenvalue map has been obtained using the collocation method based on Chebyshev polynomials. The nonlinear analysis is based on a novel parallel code for DNS (direct numerical simulations) of a coaxial pipe flow with periodic boundary conditions in the streamwise direction. It is shown that the major source of finite amplitude instability is associated with the interaction of three-dimensional disturbances and streamwise rolls.


Introduction: Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer among women worldwide and in Brazil, just after nonmelanoma skin cancer. Breast cancer can also occur in men, although being rare, representing 1% of the total number of notifications of the disease. Due the rarity of this pathology, little is known about the etiology of male breast cancer, but some risk factors such as advanced age, hormonal imbalance, and family history have been pointed out. Objectives: This study's objective was to understand the epidemiologic profile of the men hospitalized due breast cancer in Brazil in the previous five years. Methods: This is a descriptive study of secondary data, which were gathered using the IT Department of the Brazilian Unified Health System, and it corresponds to the cases registered from January 2016 to December 2020. The data of interest were those related to the total number of admissions, age range, ethnicity, mortality rate, average amount spent in each hospitalization. Results: There were 3,501 (100%) admissions in Brazil due to male breast cancer. In the Southeast, there were 1,439 (41.1%) hospital admissions, being this the part of the country with the majority of hospitalized men. Followed by this region are the Northeast (26.7%), the South (18.1%), the Midwest (8.3%) and the North (5.7%). The year showing most notifications was 2019, with 832 hospital admissions (23.7%). The other years under review do not show significant changes in the number of admissions. The predominant age group was between 60 to 69 years (26.5%), followed by 50–59 (21.5%), 70–79 (19.9%) and 40–49 years (13.4%). Regarding ethnicity, white and brown men had similar notifications, 1,326 (37.8%) and 1,248 (35.6%) respectively. The remaining percentage is for not registered (20.1%), blacks (5.0%), yellow (1.4%) and indigenous (0.02%). The mean length of hospital stay for men with breast cancer was 4.3 days, ranging from 3.0 to 5.5 across the regions. The mortality rate was 9.40% in Brazil. Regarding the regions, the Northeast showed the highest mortality rate, 14.50%. The average amount spent on each hospitalization was R$ 1,917.70 (USD 354,74, approximately). Conclusions: In Brazil, the mortality rate of men due to breast cancer is higher than the mortality rate of women with breast cancer, which is 8.44%. Therefore, the prognosis for male and female breast cancer is similar, but the overall survival rates are lower for males due to older age and advanced stage at diagnosis. Patients and health providers should pay attention to the existence of breast cancer in men and its known risks factors. Also, at last, many patients receiving hormonal therapy as a treatment for other diseases (eg., prostate cancer) should be aware of its side effect of the development of breast cancer in men.


In [4] we discuss the problem of convex decomposition, where a patch is called convex it it lies entirely on the boundary of its convex hull. We first prove that the problem is hard – an NP-complete problem and then discuss a few heuristics. Convex decomposition is important for applications such as collision detection. However, small concavities is the objects result in oversegmentation, which might pose a problem for other applications.


Total institutional ownership, institutional ownership by type of institution (e.g. banks, insurance companies, mutual funds), and a new measure of ownership concentration (similar to the Herfindahl Index) are used to explain contemporaneous bid-ask spreads for 72 quarters (1983-2000) of NASDAQtraded stocks. When controlling for a number of commonly-used variables, relative bid-ask spreads are found to be significantly negatively related to the level of institutional ownership and significantly positively related to the concentration of ownership. The results are consistent with expectations of market perception of information asymmetry. The impact of ownership by type of institution and concentration within each type of institution on bid-ask spreads and future returns vary between five major groups of institutional investors. These differences are explained by alternative investment goals and strategies, and by regulatory factors.


Ab initio electronic structure calculations are employed to study the stability and mobility of vacancy clusters at or below the Cu(111) surface. The monovacancy formation energy decreases on going from bulk to surface. The strong binding of a nearest-neighbor (NN) surface divacancy and the negligible binding of a NN divacancy, consisting of a surface and subsurface vacancy, demonstrate the strong (weak) intraplane (interplane) attractive interaction between vacancies. Similarly, NN surface trivacancies exhibit a wide range of layer-dependent binding behavior. The underlying mechanism is the different elastic contribution (atomic relaxation) of each layer, giving rise to a preferential two-dimensional clustering of vacancies on the surface. The results reveal a migration mechanism for a NN surface divacancy involving a two-step counterclockwise and clockwise rotation of the center of mass. The migration paths of the NN surface trivacancy include purely translation, rotation, and mixed translation-rotation mechanisms with different energy barriers.


1. Parvin A A, A RP, U S, Devendran A, Baker JE, et al. (2014) Erythropoietin Protects Cardiomyocytes from Cell Death during Hypoxia/Reperfusion Injury through Activation of Survival Signaling Pathways. PLoS ONE 9(9): e107453. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0107453 Figure 2. Pre-treatment of EPO increases cell viability in H/R induced H9C2 cells. The effect of EPO on cell viability was determined using MTT assay. H9C2 cells were subjected to H/R with or without pre-treatment with (10 U/ml, 15 U/ml and 20 U/ml) EPO for 24 hrs. 20 U/ml EPO significantly increases cell viability after H/R. Data are presented as means 6 SEM of the ratios from five independent experiments. denotes p,0.05, & denotes p,0.01, * denotes p,0.001 for analyses compared to H/R. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0107453.g002


An infant presented at the age of 5 months with a recent onset of epileptic seizures, each precipitated by partial immersion in water during bathing. Sensory precipitation epilepsy due to water immersion is a rare disorder, and only 2 previous case reports have been found. The case history is presented and the condition discussed.


Significant differences in the microbial community and diversity in soil have been observed due to organic farming, but little research has been performed for exploring microbial functionality and the co-occurrence of patterns among microbial taxa. In this work, we study soil 16S rDNA amplicons from two long-term organic farming systems (Org_C and Org_M) and a conventional system (Conv) to decipher the differences in microbial interaction and network organization and to predict functional genes (principally related to the N cycle). In general, the network organizations were different in all cropping systems due to agricultural management. Org_C showed the highest negative interactions and modularity and the most altered bacterial niches and interactions, which led to an increase in generalist species that stabilize the bacterial community and improve the response of the soil to adverse conditions. These changes altered the predicted functionality of the bacterial community; Org_C showed higher referred numbers of nitrogen fixation genes, a decrease in the N2O emission genes and could favor the uptake of environmental CO2. Thus, long-term compost amendment application has significant benefits for the farmer and the environment, since prolonged application can reduce the use of fertilizers and pesticides and could create a more stable soil, which could resist the effects of climate change.


Much attention has been given to the potential of chemical incapacitant sprays in alleviating many of the tensions police officers face when using force. This paper provides a detailed analysis of one assessment of the utility of such sprays in order to examine many of the general claims made about them. It is argued that significant areas of concern and uncertainty exist in relation to the deployment of incapacitant sprays. Those police forces considering such a use of force option are advised to do so with considerable caution and a healthy degree of scepticism regarding the benefits of these devices.


The integration of older persons with developmental disabilities with their non-disabled peers was investigated. 'The results indicated that the two groups could successfully integrate.


Each country has a set of pillars that give the state its importance in the perceptions of other countries and Iraq has a geo-strategic location and cultural depth and symbolic civilization and its tremendous wealth is an important figure in the international calculations, the material and moral pillars affect the level of strategic importance regionally and internationally, and therefore Iraq has become the focus of attention and aspirations Major countries since ancient times, Iraq has the pillars of what makes it in the case of (international attractor) throughout the ages, therefore, Iraq has been the catalyst for competition between countries and influential in regional and international balances throughout history and after 2003 Lal American for Iraq, the perceptions of countries have changed the importance of Iraq regionally and internationally after the change of the political system in it and its exit from the war as a strategic vacuum that countries seek regionally and internationally to control and influence it, influencing it means influence and domination of the sources of its energy, which led to the growing importance in perceptions Most countries have found in changing the political system in Iraq a way to build new relations with him and get economic, military and strategic opportunities by achieving understanding with him, while others have had strong relations and alliances with the former Iraqi political system has lost this Alliances and relations with the emergence of the new political system and therefore began to employ internal crises and trying to restore relations and interests and alliances to the former with him and the competition of major powers in the world for the position of Iraq as a place for security training in the Middle East.


We describe a corpus-based evaluation method- ology, applied to a number of classic algorithms in the generation of referring expressions. Fol- lowing up on earlier work involving very simple domains, this paper deals with the issues asso- ciated with domains that contain 'real-life' ob- jects of some complexity. Results indicate that state of the art algorithms perform very differ- ently when applied to a complex domain. More- over, if a version of the Incremental Algorithm is used then it becomes of huge importance to se- lect a good preference order, because some pref- erence orders are prone to generating very un- natural output. Finding good preference orders, however, can be difficult, as we show. These re- sults should contribute to a growing debate on the evaluation of nlg systems, arguing in favour of carefully constructed balanced and semanti- cally transparent corpora.


[Objective]Changes of trace nitrite and bromate in pure water samples were explored.[Method]Contents of trace nitrite and bromate in three kinds of pure water samples under different conditons were determined by using ICS-2000 ion chromatography.[Result]The contents of nitrite in three samples of tap water,bottled water and bottled mineral water increased with the increase of time,but didn't decrease under the treatment of heating.There was no bromate in pure water and tap water;the content of bromate in bottled mineral water also increased with the increase of time,and could be decreased to a much greater extent after heating.Nitrite showed good linear relationship within 0~2 mg/L(r=0.999 95);the minimum detection value was 0.000 1 mg/L;and the sample standard addition was 97.34%~108.61%.Bromate also showed good linear relationship within 0~2 mg/L(r=0.999 97);the minimum detection value was 0.000 2 mg/L;and the sample standard addition was 95.93%~101.04%.[Conclusion]The method has high accuracy,simple operation and application.


The Poisson entropy of an infinite-measure-preserving transformation is defined in [13] as the Kolmogorov entropy of its Poisson suspension. In this article, we relate Poisson entropy with other definitions of entropy for infinite transformations: For quasi-finite transformations we prove that Poisson entropy coincides with Krengel's and Parry's entropy (Theorem 9.1). In particular , this implies that for null-recurrent Markov chains, the usual formula for the entropy − P q i p i,j log p i,j holds in any of the definitions for entropy. Poisson entropy dominates Parry's entropy in any conservative transformation (Theorem 5.2). We also prove that relative entropy (in the sense of [2]) coincides with the relative Poisson entropy (Proposition 7.1). Thus, for any factor of a conservative transformation, difference of the Krengel's entropy is equal to the difference of the Poisson entropies. Finally, we prove the existence of a maximal (Pinsker) factor with zero (Poisson, Krengel, Parry) entropy for quasi-finite transformations. This answers affirmatively the question about existence of a Pinsker factor in the sense of Krengel for quasi-finite transformations , a question raised in [1].


In this paper, a dynamic life evaluation test of $0.35\mu \mathrm{m}$ PD SOI SRAM is conducted at $250^{\circ}\mathrm{C}$ ambient temperatures. Experiments show that the SOI SRAMs can safely operate for more than 600 hours at $250^{\circ}\mathrm{C}$. Analysis of failed devices demonstrates that electro-migration effect and Kirkendall effect may be the direct causes of device degradation. And underlying leakage of the device will greatly accelerate the degradation of the metal interconnect and package, which needs to be improved in future work.


Objective: To evaluate the quality of information on gestational syphilis (GS) and congenital syphilis (CS) on the Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN-Syphilis Brazil) by compiling and validating completeness indicators between 2007 and 2018. Materials and methods: Overall, care and socioeconomic completeness scores were compiled based on selected variables, using weights assigned by specialists. The completeness scores were analysed, considering the region and area of residence, pregnant race/colour, and year of case notification. Pearson's correlation coefficients were used to validate the scores obtained by the weighted average method, compared with the values obtained through principal component analysis (PCA). Result: Most of the variables selected presented a good or excellent degree of completeness for GS and CS, except for clinical classification, pregnant woman's level of education, partner's treatment, and child's race/colour, which were classified as poor or very poor. The overall (89.93% versus 89.69%) and socioeconomic (88.71% versus 88.24%) completeness scores for GS and CS, respectively, were classified as regular, while the care score (GS-90, 88%, and CS-90, 72%) was good, although there were improvements over time. Differences in the overall, care and socioeconomic completeness scores according to region, area of residence, and ethnic-racial groups were reported for syphilis notifications. A strong linear correlation (>0.90) was observed between the completeness scores estimated through the weighted average method and PCA. Conclusion: Improvements in the completeness of GS and CS notifications have been observed in recent years, highlighting the variables which form the care score, compared to the socioeconomic scores, despite differences between regions, area of residence, and ethnic-racial groups. The weighted average was a viable methodological alternative easily operationalised to estimate data completeness scores, allowing routine monitoring of the completeness of gestational and congenital syphilis records.


Atoifi Adventist Hospital and Atoifi College of Nursing are located on the remote Eastern coast of Malaita, Solomon Islands. The hospital primarily serves the mainly subsistence villagers in surrounding communities. The College of Nursing is one of two in the country and the only one in a remote provincial location. There are many community health issues including malaria, pneumonia, fungal infections, tuberculosis, child and maternal mortality, intestinal parasites and sexually transmitted infections. There is much capacity and willingness to improve service delivery and public health research at Atoifi. However, constraints such as limited financial resources, training opportunities, support to conduct research, transport (no roads) and physical infrastructure (including limited electricity and communication) are restricting health professionals from working to their potential on these important areas. Humpress Harrington, Principal of Atoifi College of Nursing and hospital administrator, will report upon health service conditions as they impact the service delivery and education of health professionals at Atoifi Hospital. Harrington will discuss health challenges and how they are being addressed in communities near the hospital. In particular, he will discuss recent public health research capacity building efforts which are enabling hospital and college staff to systematically gather evidence in partnership with surrounding communities to address health issues in the area. This will be exemplified by outlining how, for the first time, a soil transmitted helminth survey was conducted in a nearby village and how results are informing community health interventions including village-wide treatment, education and plans for improvement of sanitation infrastructure. Humpress Harrington will discuss Atoifi Hospital's plans to further develop health service delivery and research in this challenging tropical and resource-poor environment.


The question of seasonal reproductive cycles in troglobitic organisms is one that has been raised many times, but has, until comparatively recently, received very little data by way of an answer. (See Barr, 1968; Culver, 1971; Jeg1aand Poulson 1970; Poulson, 1963 and Vandel, 1965; pp.380-382). It has been proposed that, given the relative constancy of the cave environment (constant darkness, minimal temperature and relative humidity fluctuations), those organisms, both aquatic and terrestrial, that are adapted to the cave environment would exhibit little or no reproductive seasonality (Bedel and Simon, 1875 in Vandel, 1965: p.381). On the other hand, the fluctuations that do occur in the cave environment, however slight, may be sufficient to serve as cues for reproduction and other seasonal activities in troglobitic organisms. It has been noted that flooding in caves seems to control the seasonal reproduction of some aquatic troglobites by triggering reproduction (Hawes, 1939 and Poulson, 1963) and to cause the modification of reproductive behavior in other aquatic troglobites in order to cope with the flood, as suggested by the work of Culver (1971). Flooding may give seasonal cues to terrestrial troglobites since, in caves where flooding does occur, it is predictable (occurring mainly in winter and spring in temperate regions) and may exert profound changes in the physical parameters of the cave by lowering the air temperature, increasing the relative humidity and depositing sediment (Cropley, 1965; Poulson, 1964 and Burr, 1968). It may also seasonally renew the energy supply of the cave by transporting and depositing organic debris (Poulson, 1964 and Barr, 1968). It may be pointed out that while the majority of aquatic troglobites seem to exhibit seasonal reproductive cycles, terrestrial troglobites exhibit both seasonal and nonseasonal reproduction. (See Poulson, 1964 and Vandel, 1965. p. 381 for summaries.) The question, then, must be not only whether an organism exhibits a seasonal reproductive cycle or not, but what cues, if any, exist in its environment to maintain the cycle.


Love in the workplace goes far beyond the superficial. Expressed as trust,
compassion, friendship, and creativity, love shapes our working environment to
such an extent that we could say love is the organisation and vice versa.
Problematically for our data-driven systems, love is impossible to quantify or
manage.
Rather than developing new frameworks in which to examine and
discuss love in the study of organisation and management, it is easier for us to
simply ignore it. But exploring these potential frameworks may uncover
opportunities to more fully understand our workplaces, our teams, and
ourselves.


OBJECTIVE: To illustrate a case of oseltamivir induced neuropsychiatric behaviors in an adolescent teen.
CASE SUMMARY: A 15-year-old previously healthy adolescent presented to the emergency department with acute onset of altered mental status after taking two doses of oseltamivir prescribed to him by his primary care physician for presumed influenza infection. A thorough examination at the hospital, which included a urine drug screen, complete blood count, complete metabolic panel, urine and blood cultures, head computed tomography, and chest radiograph, did not indicate any other clinical conditions that could explain his abnormal behaviors. No other medications were given to him in the hospital. About 20 hours after the last dose of oseltamivir, he awoke from a nap and his mental status was completely back to baseline. He had no memory of the events transpired in the past 24 hours and was discharged home with no further incidence.
DISSCUSION: Oseltamivir is an anti-viral agent that is often used as treatment and prophylaxis for influenza infection. Neuropsychiatric adverse events such as hallucination and delirium can potentially occur with this agent. This rare adverse event may be due to the binding of the medication to the enzyme sialidase causing increase in dopamine activity. Most of the reports were in young Japanese children less than 16 years old. Some studies have shown a causal relationship with oseltamivir leading to this adverse event, while some have failed to do so, probably due to flaws in their analytical method. The Naranjo ADR probability scale showed a possible causality between neuropsychiatric behaviors and oseltamivir administration in this patient.
CONCLUSIONS: Oseltamivir is an effective anti-viral for influenza infection if started early in the course of the illness. Clinicians should monitor for neuropsychiatric symptoms when starting patients on this medication.


A photoelectric conversion device in which at least a first metal wiring layer and a second metal wiring layer are arranged on a semiconductor substrate in an order named, the semiconductor substrate comprises a pixel region where a plurality of pixels are arrayed in a matrix, each pixel including at least a photoelectric conversion portions and an amplification transistor, wherein the second metal wiring layer includes power supply lines each configured to supply a power supply voltage to the amplification transistors of at least two pixel columns, and wherein the amplification transistor of a pixel column having no power supply line receives the power supply voltage from the power supply line via the first metal wiring layer.


While Serbia is working on a new EU-conform land law, the EU law concerning the cross-border acquisition of agricultural lands cannot be considered as a static phenomenon. Namely, the issue is quite controversial among the EU's institutions and Member States. Evidence of this is the high number of infringement procedures launched by the EU Commission against the Member States joined the EU in 2004 or afterwards (hereinafter referred to as New Member States). However, it is worth stressing that the debate is not merely a New-Member-State-issue but a general one, and there are numerous uncertainties which may affect even the old Member States' land law regimes. That is the reason (or one of the most important reasons) why the European Parliament adopted a report on the state of play of farmland concentration in the EU in 2017. It seems that nowadays land issues have also become one of the topical questions of the EU, which questions could be raised because the EU is in a kind of the crisis. The EU should redefine itself and its goals, furthermore, it also should determine a new structure in numerous parts of life. The European Council for Rural Law (more usually known as the CEDR from its French name 'Comite Europeen de Droit Rural'), a think-tank which regularly provides assistance and advice to the institutions of the European Union, also dealt with the cross-border land law issues of the EU; namely, in a commission (COM II) concerning rural areas of the CEDR Congress (Potsdam, 2015) and at the conference on the 60th anniversary of the CEDR (Brussels, 2017). In a Hungarian conference (Budapest, 2017), the legal experts were gathered by the Hungarian Association for Agricultural Law and the Public Law Sub-Commission of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences in order that they could present the possible ways of the improvement for the EU and its Member States. With regard to this development, the present article focuses on the EU's main rules concerning the acquisition of agricultural lands, the infringement procedures against Hungary (hereinafter referred to as Hungarian cases), the report of the European Parliament and the general conclusions of the Budapest conference. The Hungarian cases are relevant not merely for Hungary as the European Commission has expressed its concerns about the most of regulations of the Hungarian land law in comparison with other concerned New Member States. Taking the low numbers of the CJEU cases (concerning land law) into consideration, the Hungarian cases might be significant for the whole of the EU and its future.


Herein, effects related to reactions involving hydrogen during carrier injection at room temperature in boron‐doped Czochralski‐grown silicon wafers are investigated. It is shown that these conditions lead to boron–oxygen defect regeneration. Under these conditions, bulk material quality degradation induced by a dark annealing can be temporarily recovered in the same way as light and elevated temperature‐induced degradation. Dissociation of boron–hydrogen pairs by carrier injection at room temperature is observed in parallel. These observations are discussed within the framework of known hydrogen reactions. With this study, significant aspects of hydrogen‐related meta‐stabilities at temperatures that are most relevant for solar modules in moderate climates are covered.


Hypertension is a major public health problem which is prevalent all over the world. This study was a descriptive and correlational study carried out to investigate life style as a mutable risk factor of hypertension morbidity among trained nurses in Imo State, Nigeria. A well-structured questionnaire was used to interview the subjects and obtain data for the study. All subjects gave an informed consent to be part of the study. A total of 388 nurses participated in the study, out of which 248 (63.9%) were found to be non-hypertensive while 140 (36.1%) were hypertensive. Some of the lifestyle factors such as not sleeping very well at night, consumption of dairy products such as ice cream, consumption of alcohol and gaining weight due to lifestyle recorded scores with only slight differences for 'most of the times' for the nurses having and not having hypertension. Those who consume dairy products 'most of the times' were 39.9% for non-hypertensive and 45.0% for hypertensive, and those who consume alcohol 'most of the times' comprised of 82.3% of the non-hypertensive and 75.0% for non-hypertensive. In terms of physical exercise, 10.9% non-hypertensive and 16.4% hypertensive indicated that they do not take part in physical exercise 'most of the times'. Data analysis using SPSS version 23 showed that the relationship between hypertension and lifestyle for the bivariate (unadjusted) discriminant analysis was found to be significant among nurses in Imo state, Nigeria (P<0.0001). Routine health examination and proper training and retraining of nurses were recommended.


This chapter aims to provide an assessment of the distributional implications of the economic crisis in Greece, Spain, Italy, Portugal, Latvia, Lithuania, and Romania in the period 2009−2013. On the one hand, the recession has caused unemployment to rise and household incomes to fall, which are both changes that raise the demand for social protection. On the other hand, austerity policies and program reforms affect the capacity of welfare states to provide social protection. We use a microsimulation model to disentangle the first-order effects of tax–benefit policies from the overall effects of the crisis. Moreover, we estimate how the burden of the crisis has been shared across income groups and how the differential impact of the crisis may have altered the composition of the population in poverty. We conclude by discussing the methodological pitfalls and policy implications of our research.


The existence or not of a post‐classical cinema has been a highly contested issue among film theorists for a very long time. This paper uses historical poetics as a method and conceptual artillery to delineate the basic principles of a new historical mode of narration that justifies the use of the term 'post‐classical'. With the help of the close textual analysis of a number of contemporary films from the USA, Europe and Asia, it constructs a paradigm of specific rules that govern the post‐classical narration and differentiates it from the other long‐standing narrative models, and particularly from the classical Hollywood tradition.


As a common type of privatization,franchise operation is widely used in public utilities.The lack of risk assessment mechanism of franchise decision in public utilities of China poses a great risk to the market-oriented reform of public utilities.The author analyses the contents and nature of risk assessment mechanism,reveals the functions and limitations of risk assessment.Based on the analysis,an effective risk assessment mechanism should be established to ensure an independent subject of risk assessment,overall contents of risk assessment,scientific and fair procedures of assessment and reasonable and open assessment conclusions.


Load-balancing techniques have become a critical function in cloud storage systems that consist of complex heterogeneous networks of nodes with different capacities. However, the convergence rate of any load-balancing algorithm as well as its performance deteriorated as the number of nodes in the system, the diameter of the network and the communication overhead increased. Therefore, this paper presents an approach aims at scaling the system out not up in other words, allowing the system to be expanded by adding more nodes without the need to increase the power of each node while at the same time increasing the overall performance of the system. Also, our proposal aims at improving the performance by not only considering the parameters that will affect the algorithm performance but also simplifying the structure of the network that will execute the algorithm. Our proposal was evaluated through mathematical analysis as well as computer simulations, and it was compared with the centralized approach and the original diffusion technique. Results show that our solution outperforms them in terms of throughput and response time. Finally, we proved that our proposal converges to the state of equilibrium where the loads in all in-domain nodes are the same since each node receives an amount of load proportional to its capacity. Therefore, we conclude that this approach would have an advantage of being fair, simple and no node is privileged.


In an emergent type of labor market niche, bicultural immigrants serve as cultural brokers between clients and workers and among different groups of workers whose communications are hindered by cultural and language barriers. We focus on the bicultural Latino nurses who are recruited as cultural brokers to facilitate "culturally competent care" in a predominantly white institution that serves an increasingly diverse patient population, with Hispanics being the majority-minority group. Through a qualitative study based on twenty-six in-depth interviews in Northern California, we find that these nurses adopt "code hybridization" strategies to manage their roles as cultural brokers. We discuss the larger institutional contexts that shape the successes and impacts of these strategies, as well as the theoretical implications for assimilation theories.


Effective spectrochemical analysis depends upon three components of the apparatus. Two of them, the detector (including such elements as plates and photocells), and the light disperser (including prisms, gratings, and now echelles) are relatively well understood and perfected. The third and most significant of the three, the light source, has proved a more difficult problem. One line of attack used fairly recently, however, has been on the atmosphere around the arc. Air, the usual medium, has one major failing, namely, the interference of the cyanogen bands accompanying the reaction between atmospheric nitrogen and the electrode carbon. Other gases used in place of air not only overcome this disadvantage, but provide several additional advantages which may prove to be as important as they were unexpected. The reasons for these gains are still not understood, and painstaking trial-and-error selection of the best medium for a particular analysis is still necessary. Nevertheless the gains realized from operating a source in artificial atmospheres are frequently great enough to justify each analyst in trying all available gases for his own peculiar circumstances, problems, and apparatus. In addition to the control of source environment by varying the gas around the arc another approach to the problem is possible: that of varying the pattern of the gas flow around the arc.


The material properties of niobium depend on the adsorption of reactive gases on the surface such as oxygen, nitrogen or carbon oxide, so many surface characterizations by LEED and AES have been conducted. However, the state of art scanning tunneling microscope (STM) has not been used to characterize the surface structures of niobium. It is believed that studies of the superstructures on niobium surfaces by using UHV STM and Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) are very important. Commercially available single crystalline niobium (001) plate of 99 99 % purity and polycrystalline niobium ribbon of 99 9% purity were used for the experiments. Ar ion sputtering at 2.5 keV for 20 min and flash annealing at elevated temperatures up to 2100 K for 10 sec below 1×10 -7 Pa were alternatively conducted to recrystallize the surface in an UHV STM chamber. After surface treatments, STM images of the sample were observed at room temperature in the UHV. STM images were obtained with the tip bias of +0 15~0 60 V and the tunneling current of 0 2~0 5 nA. AES analysis of the sample was also conducted in the chamber. With the STM, several characteristic superstructures on the polycrystalline niobium and Nb(001) surface have been obtained. (110) plane and (001) plane have been observed on the same polycrystalline sample surface. A (n×1) superstructure on (001) plane of the polycrystalline niobium has been identified. A structure with periodicity of 0 28nm×0 40 nm on (110) plane was also resolved. As to the Nb(001) sample, a C (2×2) superstructure was imaged. AES taken soon after these structures were obtained shows that oxygen was present on all of the sample surfaces. Therefore, it is believed that these superstructures are caused by oxygen impurity. The authors have given reasonable explanations for these superstructures. Some models are also provided.


Abstract Fractional impulsive differential equations are revisited first. Some fundamental solutions of linear cases are given in this study. One straightforward technique without using integral equation is adopted to obtain exact solutions which are given by use of piecewise functions. Furthermore, a class of short memory fractional differential equations is proposed and the variable case is discussed. Mittag–Leffler solutions with impulses are derived which both satisfy the equations and impulsive conditions, respectively.


A crank shaft broke suddenly. By means of stress caculating, composition analyzing, per-
formance testing, fracture analysis, etc, we obtained the result showed that the initial defect is the main
cause, and the lattice crackle in axial and tangential is the original cause. Finally, we proposed that the
material selection, checking, and resonance must be considered besides strength designing.


Diabetic patients with COVID-19 need especial clinical care and attention, they should adhere to the government instructions to protect themselves and protect their families. There are some guidelines that have to be followed by patients with diabetes and COVID-19.


The Building Air Quality, developed by the EPA and the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, provides practical suggestions on preventing, identifying, and resolving indoor air quality (IAQ) problems in public and commercial buildings.


Background Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic systemic inflammatory disease characterized by synovial inflammation, potential cartilage and bone damages. Evaluation with ultrasound (US) has come into prominence due to conventional radiography is relatively insensitive on soft tissue inflammatory changes and early bone erosions (1,2). Objectives The value of US has been shown in early arthritis, but is not well known for established RA. The aim of this study is to determine the relation between US signal, disease activity, articular damage and disability in established RA patients. Methods Forty-four RA patients (21 women, 23 men) were enrolled to the study. Age and gender, duration of disease, morning stiffness, disease activity score 28 (DAS28), The Rheumatoid Arthritis Articular Damage (RAAD) score, Hand disability Index (HDI), DASH (Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand) scale, and grip strength values were recorded. Wrist, I-II- III. metacarpophalangeal and proximal interphalangeal joints of dominant hand were examined by both B mode US (BMOD) and Power Doppler US (PDUS). Results All of the 44 patients were established RA. The median of disease duration was 156 (48–420) months. DAS 28 score was 2.86 (0.68–5.70) and 54.5% of the patients were in remission. BMOD synovitis, erosion and PDUS synovitis total scores were 20 (6–36); 6 (0–17); 1 (0–14) respectively. Although US findings were not correlated with DAS 28 and grip strength; there was poor correlation between US findings and DASH, RAAD and disease duration (Table 1). Signs of synovitis indicated with PDUS in 63.3% of the joints assessed. High-grade PDUS signal (grade 3) was found in 10 (22.7%) of the patients. Duration of morning stiffness, HDI and DASH scores were worse in the patients with high-grade PDUS signals (p=0.01, 0.04, 0.01 respectively)Table 1. Correlation coefficients between clinical, ultrasound and functional variables BMOD synovitis BMOD erosions PDUS synovitis Total Total Total r p r p r P DASH 0.37 0.02* 0.19 0.20 0.13 0.38 HDI 0.21 0.17 0.17 0.28 0.21 0.17 RAAD 0.33 0.02* 0.41 0.00* 0.22 0.15 DAS 28 -0.04 0.78 0.01 0.95 -0.05 0.75 MS 0.24 0.12 -0.10 0.51 0.20 0.19 Disease duration 0.13 0.38 0.46 0.00* -0.31 0.03* Lateral GS 0.07 0.64 -0.06 0.69 -0.06 0.70 Tip GS 0.11 0.49 -0.27 0.08 0.09 0.56 Three fingered GS 0.21 0.89 -0.17 0.27 0.05 0.76 Mass grasp -0.08 0.59 -0.078 0.61 -0.12 0.43 BMOD: B mode ultrasound, PDUS: Power Doppler ultrasound, DASH: Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand, HDI: Hand disability index, RAAD: Rheumatoid Arthritis Articular Damage, DAS 28: Disease activity score, MS: Morning stiffness, GS: Grip strength. *P<0.05. Conclusions US scores in established RA patients are usually high because of synovial hypertrophy. It is considered that the high grade PDUS signals are more appropriate for evaluation of long-standing RA patients. Furthermore in this study, grade 3 PDUS signals were found to be a good indicator of synovial inflammation, morning stiffness, and disability. References Concordance between Clinical and ultrasound findings in rheumatoid arthritis. Garrigues F, Jousse-Joulin S, Bouttier R et al. Joint Bone Spine 80 (2013) 597–603. Severity and Diurnal Improvement of Morning Stiffness Independently Associate with Tenosynovitis in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis. Kobayashi Y, Ikeda K, Nakamura T et al. Plos One (11) Doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166616. Disclosure of Interest None declared


This monograph covers hydraulics of groundwater from first principles to the complete mathematical statement of forecasting regional aquifer response to management activities. A comprehensive approach is presented and the basic subject hydraulics of the flow and accumulation of water and contaminents in aquifers is dealt with in the framework and for the purpose of management. Problems are included and an introductory course in hydrology is the only prerequisite.


Drug administration for treatment of bladder disorder has always been impeded by the urothelium integrity and short residence time of therapeutic forms. In this study, polysaccharides chitosan and ...


The limbus is a complex structure that encompasses the transition from the cornea to the sclera. It is defined anteriorly by a conceptual line between the periphery of Bowman and Descemet membranes, and posteriorly by a tangential line drawn from the scleral spur (Fig. 1).1 Histologically, the limbus is the junction between corneal and scleral tissue which is a gradual transition from the regularly arranged corneal lamellae to the irregular collagen bundles of the sclera. The limbal band is on average 1.5 to 2mm wide. Though it is a small area, the limbus contains many important structures that control important regulatory functions of the eye. The trabecular meshwork, Schlemm canal, and the aqueous collector channels found there to make up the conventional pathway of aqueous outflow regulates intraocular pressure.2 Limbal stem cells are at the basal layer of the epithelium at the limbus and appear as a papillary structure known as the Palisades of Vogt. These stem cells give rise to the constantly overturned corneal epithelium. The epithelial cells migrate towards the central cornea from the Palisades of Vogt in a centripetal pattern to replenish the cells that are lost from blinking or trauma. The limbal stem cells also play an important role in inhibiting conjunctival proliferation into the cornea.3 The vasculature of the limbus is derived from the anterior ciliary arteries which are a branch from the ophthalmic artery. At the limbus, it supplies a superficial and deep circular plexus. The superficial perilimbal plexus is formed by the circular limbal artery and the perilimbal venous plexus. The arterioles continue to course anteriorly and form the marginal corneal arcades which terminate at the edge of the Bowman membrane. The deep


Sewage removed ABS to investigate the effects of charcoal, used briquet, activated carbon adsorption using the experimental results were summarized as follows. 1. ABS with the adsorbent for the removal effect of the removal of carbon, used briquet, charcoal in order. To use the used briquet as an adsorbent by recycling after use management measures shall be established. 2. ABS treatment effect according to the time variation of 30minutes is preferable. 3. The removal efficiency increased with increasing amount of adsorbent, but the increase in the amount not greater than the effect was found. 4. Reactor without the use of ABS in the state of nature when left 70 hours a sewage treatment plant will remove 50% was applied to the possible.


Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT), while successful for the treatment of recurrent Clostridioides difficile (rCDI) infection, lacks a quantitative identification of the discrete bacterial strains that transmit and stably engraft in recipients, and their association with clinical outcomes. Using >1,000 unique bacterial strains isolated and sequenced from a combination of 22 FMT donors and recipients, we develop a statistical approach Strainer to detect and track sequenced bacterial strains from low depth metagenomic sequencing data. On application to 14 FMT interventions, we detect stable and high engraftment of ∼71% of gut microbiota strains in recipients at even 5-years post-transplant, a remarkably durable therapeutic from a single administration. We found differential transmission and engraftment efficacy across bacterial taxonomic groups over short and long-time scales. Although ∼80% of the original pre-FMT recipient strains were eliminated by the FMT, those strains that remain persist even 5 years later, along with newer strains acquired from the environment. The precise quantification of donor bacterial strains in recipients independently explained the clinical outcomes of early and late relapse. Our framework identifies the consistently engrafting discrete bacterial strains for use in Live Biotherapeutic Products (LBP) as a safer, scalable alternative to FMT and enables systematic evaluation of different FMT and LBP study designs.


In this paper, we report on the low-frequency (1/f) noise characteristics of uniaxial tensile-strained nMOSFETs operated at high temperatures. We observed a small temperature sensitivity of 1/f noise in strained nMOSFETs. This can be attributed to the reduced tunneling attenuation length, suppressed phonon scattering, and increased mobility, which result from the strain-increased band splitting between the low-energy Δ2 valleys and high-energy Δ4 valleys. In addition, regardless of temperature, we found that the dominant mechanism of 1/f noise can be appropriately interpreted using the unified model, which incorporates both the carrier fluctuation and the correlated mobility fluctuation.


The current stage of development of society is characterized by increased attention to the historical heritage of the state, awareness of the need to preserve folk culture as a factor in the upbringing of the younger generation. The ability to understand the patterns of development of national education gives a vision of the integrity of achievements in the domain of ethnic traditions. The spiritual culture of the Ukrainian people and its armed formations of the Ukrainian Sich Riflemen was the highest form of national self-awareness of the younger generation. The actualization of the problem is dictated by the need to appeal to the period of the new creation of the state and the nation and civil society; therefore, the revival of the main features and features of the Ukrainian spiritual mentality, on the basis of which the consolidation of the Ukrainian nation takes place, is formed and a new idea and ideology of the development of national statehood is formed through the educational and cultural perspective. and educational activities of the Sich Shooting. The nature and objectives of the article predetermined the use of historical and retrospective, comparative, analytical methods that contributed to the formation of the process of formation of the historical and cultural phenomenon of the Ukrainian Sich archers in the national context of the liberation movement in Western Ukraine. The article analyzes the educational, cultural and educational activities of the Ukrainian Sich Archers in Western Ukraine. The formation of the Ukrainian Sich Riflemen as a national military unit, as well as the establishment of Ukrainian schools is highlighted. The influence of CSS activity on deepening of national consciousness of Ukrainians is determined. Considering not only Ukrainian soldiers but also conscious Ukrainian citizens, the Ukrainian Sich arrows used every opportunity to work within the widest range of Ukrainians, since many of them had considerable experience of social activity, working for the war in the party and public organizations of the region. Such a direction was also derived from the most ideological ideology, according to which to achieve the goal, to win the Ukrainian statehood, it was possible only by relying on the forces of the people. The activities of the USC inWestern Ukraine significantly influenced both children and the awakening of the national consciousness of the adult population. First of all, a significant achievement was the beginning of communicating the community of its historical dolya and the tasks that faced them and accomplished which was possible only by joint efforts. Many local Ukrainians who were involved in the national cause of the arrows subsequently became active participants of the Ukrainian movement.


The primary aim of this study was to better understand patients' experience of admission to hospital with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and its psychological impact. The secondary aim was to improve our service provision for patients following an episode of DKA.


Fe(III) from biooxidation can be used in different industrial processes, such as hydrometallurgy, treatment of acid mine drainage and removal of H2S from some industrial waste gases. Many researches showed that the immobilization of the iron-oxidizing cells is helpful to increase the Fe(II) oxidation rate. In this study, a moderate thermopile Sulfobacillus sibiricu(S.s) is immobilized and the polyurethane foam is chose as the supporter. A reactor is established for testing the capability of the immobilized bacteria and the optimum reaction conditions are investigated. The experimental results show that under the conditions that the initial concentration of Fe(II) is 10 g/L, the dilution rate is 0.165/h and aeration rate is 300 L/h, the maximum oxidizing rate of Fe(II) can be reached.


This article aims to motivated by support for the world's peace campaign by introducing foreign (Palestinian) cultural values which are full of value of the humanity and divinity. Besides that, their sacrifice and struggle are also worth learning. The main purpose of this research is to grow the feeling of loving people abroad since they are young. The other goal (as a synchronization with the main goal) is to train children to feel sympathy and empathy as well as the form of moral and material support for the Palestinian people who are still fighting for their independence. The focus or highlight of this research is to prove that literary works in the form of dongeng can be used as a medium in conveying cultural values. The method that the researcher uses in this research is the naturalistic-qualitative. Data was collected by various techniques such as; practicing the tale entitled "About Gaza" which was delivered directly by expert pendongengs, questionnaires, and also interviews. The results of this study prove that dongeng is an effective medium in an effort to convey Palestinian cultural values to elementary school students. The evidence of the success of this research is the positive response given by the students by concretizing the impact on the respondent's behavior towards the Palestinians, namely their willingness to donate and pray and the children's determination to retell the tale to the people around them.


Rather than enjoying a good ebook gone a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they juggled in imitation of some harmful virus inside their computer. oilwell drilling engineering principles and practice h rabia is reachable in our digital library an online access to it is set as public in view of that you can download it instantly. Our digital library saves in combination countries, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books once this one. Merely said, the oilwell drilling engineering principles and practice h rabia is universally compatible behind any devices to read.


This paper presents an overview of advance signal processors and computer systems in present day hybrid vehicles. The increase in processing speeds of the present day digital signal processors has helped in development of hybrid cars at commercial level. Hybrid vehicles make use of computer control systems that are extremely complicated. The recent advances in processing speed and power, the invention of graphical software environments, and real-time operating systems, have contributed towards the development of these complex hybrid vehicles. The use of a high-speed 'communication bus' on the vehicle, known as CAN (controller area network), play an important role. These communication buses allow the embedded controller to communicate with each another.


The epithelial cells which occupy the central zone of the anterior capsule of the lens of an aged adult are believed to be "a true collection of aged cells" without migrating out of the region. Thus, culture of the cells may serve as a model for studying growth and aging in vitro. The present study was designed to determine the morphological characteristics and the patterns of proteins synthesized in cultured human lens epithelial cells derived from lenses with different degrees of senile cataract and during in vitro cell aging. The epithelial nature and morphology of the cultured cells were observed with phase contrast microscopy. Protein patterns were identified by electrophoretic separation on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel. The cultured lens epithelial cells grew in monolayer. In short-term (3 days) cultures, when the cells were still growing on the capsule, those from lenses with milder cataract showed a more homogeneous appearance. They were round or polygonal in shape and smaller with a distinct nucleus. In contrast, the cells from lenses with more advanced cataract were more heterogeneous in appearance. Most of the cells looked enlarged and showed signs of degeneration with a less distinct nucleus. When the cells from lenses with milder cataract grew in vitro, they gradually showed the similar signs of degeneration. In short-term cultures, a 17-kilodalton (kDa) protein accumulated in cells from lenses with more advanced cataract. When cells from lenses with milder cataract underwent in vitro cell aging in long-term (≧3 weeks) culture, an accumulation of the 17-kDa protein was also noted. Besides, in the latter cells, there was an enhanced synthesis of a 80-kDa protein and a decreased synthesis of 50- and 70-kDa proteins. Rationales of such changes in protein pattern include slowdown of protein synthesis, increased proteolysis or de novo protein synthesis in association with cellular senescence.


Using ac susceptibility, we have determined the pressure dependence of the metamagnetic critical endpoint temperature T⊃* for a field applied in the ab plane in the itinerant metamagnet Sr3Ru2O 7. We find that T⊃* falls monotonically to zero as pressure increases, producing a quantum critical endpoint (QCEP) at P c~13.6±0.2kbar. New features are observed near the QCEP-the slope of T⊃* versus pressure changes at ~12.8 kbar, and weak subsidiary maxima appear on either side of the main susceptibility peak at pressures near Pc-indicating that some new physics comes into play near the QCEP. Clear signatures of a nematic phase, however, that were seen in field-angle tuning of T⊃* are not observed. As T⊃* is suppressed by pressure, the metamagnetic peak in the susceptibility remains sharp as a function of an applied magnetic field. As a function of temperature, however, the peak becomes broad with only a very weak maximum, suggesting that, near the QCEP, the uniform magnetization density is not the order parameter for the metamagnetic transition. © 2011 American Physical Society.


According to an embodiment of the present invention, a multiple-display method on a first electronic device includes: a step of executing a first and a second applications; a step of transmitting screen data of the second application among the first and the second applications to a second electronic device; a step of receiving user input data from the second electronic device; and a step of changing the screen data of the second application based on the user input data, and transmitting the changed screen data of the second application to the second electronic device.


In the process of the teaching reform of the course "A Survey of Fermentation Technology" we practised elicitation method of teaching, giving the systematic explanation of the course content and expounding the essential points on the basis of the course characteristics. In order to stimulate the students' enthusiasm and initiative we paid affection to the analysis and induction of the course content and fostered the students' ability of creative thinking. Besides, bilingual teaching was also explored and improved. In addition, the speciality quality education and the comprehensive quality education were stressed for the students and they ran through the whole teaching course of the speciality curriculum.


Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic magnified several long-standing problems in nursing homes, including issues within the nursing home workforce. Issues include staffing shortages, high turnover, low pay, inadequate training, poor treatment and limited access to resources. Research suggests that workforce issues of these kinds have the potential to significantly threaten and further increase disparities in the quality of care for nursing home residents. Thus, solutions are needed that ensures the nursing home workforce receives adequate investment so that these critical personnel are able to more effectively do the work that they do. In this presentation, workforce issues salient within the nursing home setting will be elaborated and potential solutions to mitigating these issues will be discussed.


Polymerizations of butadiene (BD) with transition metals (MtX) and methylaluminoxane (MAO) catalysts were studied. Among the catalysts examined, nickel(II) acetylacetonate [Ni(acac) 2 ] in combination with MAO revealed the highest catalytic activities for the polymerization of BD, giving high molecular weight polymers consisting of mainly cis-1,4-units in the microstructure. With Ni(acac) 2 -MAO catalyst, the overall activation energy for the polymerization of BD between 0°C and 60°C was estimated to be 18 kJ/mol. From a kinetic study, the rate equation for the polymerization of BD with the Ni(acac) 2 -MAO catalyst at 30°C can be expressed as follows : R p = [BD] 1.8 [Ni(acac) 2 -MAO] 0.9 . The polymerization mechanism of the polymerization of BD with the Ni(acac) 2 -MAO catalyst is discussed.


The arrival of Wi-Fi 6 in late 2019, which is based on IEEE 802.11 ax, marked a giant leap forward in improving the capacity, efficiency, and coverage in most WLAN environments. While Wi-Fi 6 introduced various features to enhance the network performance and user experience such as in high-dense deployment scenarios, emerging applications like 4K/8K video, augmented reality, virtual reality, industrial Internet of Things, and real-time collaborations demand more deterministic connectivity. Meeting the most stringent requirements in throughput and latency in a deterministic fashion is beyond the capabilities of Wi-Fi 6 and therefore motivates the development of a new Wi-Fi 7 generation. As a result, the IEEE 802.11 Task Group be has been formed to define extreme high throughput (EHT) PHY and MAC layers capable of supporting a maximum throughput of at least 30 Gb/s, as well as reducing worst case latency and jitter to improve support for latency-sensitive applications. In this article, our primary goal is to identify and describe the main PHY and MAC elements that will shape Wi-Fi 7, which will operate in the 2.4 GHz, 5 GHz, and 6 GHz bands. For each of the main features, including key PHY enhancements, multi-link operation, and enhanced quality of service management, we discuss how Wi-Fi 7 is designing the corresponding enabling mechanism and present performance results as appropriate.


These are introductory lecture notes on Mather's theory for Tonelli Lagrangian and Hamiltonian systems. They are based on a series of lectures given by the author at Universit\`a degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II" (April 2009), at University of Cambridge (academic year 2009-2010) and at Universitat Polit\`ecnica de Catalunya (June 2010).


There are four possible transportation means that could be used to deliver CO2: motor carriers, railway carriers, water carriers, and pipeline. The impurities in CO2-fluids have significant impacts ...


In 1999, on a trip to Russia to study gender violence, I was sitting in on a special training at a Moscow police academy. In between jokes about the impossibility of prostitutes getting raped, the cops-in-training could not stop focusing on me, the one American and one of three women in a rowdy room. For example, one man loudly asked me whether all Americans had cars and followed up with a comment that, of course we did, because this is where "you" (meaning me) would have sex. The training on rape and sexual harassment that I had come to observe had come to a halt because the new police were so intent on making sexual jokes. These comments felt even more threatening than they might otherwise because, a few days before, I had been picked up by the Russian police, shoved into a police car with several drunken officers, and driven around Moscow until I offered a bribe.


A sandstone block S508-R3 dredged from 3879 m depth on the Hilina flank, offshore Kilauea, contains abundant volcanic glass spherules of several types. One type, with 22 analysed spherules that span a substantial range of composition (basanite to nephelinite), attention because of its unusual compositional features. These include low SiO 2 , which decreases further with evolution (42.8 to 37.8 wt%), high alkalis, and very high S contents 2]. The samples are thought to be cogenetic because both major-and trace-element concentrations align along linear trends 2]. To the previously published compositional data we have added Fe 3+ /Fe 2+ and S 6+ /S 2- by XANES spectroscopy, H 2 O and CO 2 by ATR-FTIR, and further trace-element analyses by LA-ICP-MS, including the compatible and chalcophile elements Sc, V, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Zn and Cu. The extended data tell of an intriguing petrogenesis. The new analyses the linear trends, except for the two most evolved samples. The Rare Earth Elements (REEs) are consistent with fractional crystallization of garnet, rather than garnet control by variable degrees of partial melting.


Hydrogen, though essential for device-quality amorphous silicon, likely contributes to the light-induced degradation process (Staebler-Wronski effect) that reduces the solar cell efficiency by about 4 absolute percent. We are testing the role of hydrogen by using its isotope tritium. When tritium bonded to Si spontaneously decays into inert helium-3, it should leave behind the Si dangling bond defect. We have studied degradation due to tritium and note its resemblance to the Staebler-Wronski effect. Surprisingly, 100x fewer defects are created than expected from the tritium decay rate, suggesting a mechanism that heals most of the defects, even at temperatures down to 4 K. We consider different mechanisms for the thermal and athermal healing processes (e.g. motion of hydrogen, effect of beta-electrons, decay of hydrogen-tritium molecules). Our findings shed new light on the degradation mechanism in a Si:H and help reveal the role of hydrogen and structural rearrangements near a newly created defect.


The performance of original equipment provided with a conical spouted bed reactor has been studied in flash pyrolysis of sawdust with an inert gas (N2) in the 350−700 °C range and with 50 ms of average gas residence time. The effect of pyrolysis temperature on the yields of gas, liquid, and char on gas and liquid composition and on char properties has been studied. The maximum yield of liquid (corresponding to 70 wt %) is obtained at 450 °C and its composition determined by GC/MS is similar to that reported in the literature for bubbling fluidized beds. Although temperatures above 600 °C are required for the development of the char porous structure, the yield of CO2 obtained under these conditions is unacceptable.