Assessing Spirituality Among Hospice Patients: A Phenomenological Study of Hospice Nurses By Isabel E. Kaufman MA, Forensic Psychology Argosy University 2006 BA, Human Development Pacific Oaks College 2001 Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Social and Behavioral Sciences Walden University August 2015 Abstract The shift in health care and nursing philosophy and practice from a holistic approach to a highly technological, cure-oriented approach has been attributed to effective pharmaceuticals made to prolong life. Recently medical professionals have shifted their focus to a combination of spiritual healing and medicine. Hospice care in particular have taken a key interest in integrating spirituality within their health care. The problem is that due to the complications in defining spirituality and appropriate training and education of spirituality within nursing curriculum, assessing patients' spiritual distress may be difficult for many hospice nurses which may be at a loss when attempting to integrate spirituality within their practice. This study used a phenomenological approach to explore the infusion of spirituality in nursing practice and the hospice nurses perceptions of assessing spiritual distress needs of terminally ill patients. Frankl's existential theory and KublerRoss's stages of grief theory framed the study. Participants included VIII hospice nurses working in a Pacific Northwestern state. Face-to-face interviews were conducted to explore the essence of the experience of integrating spirituality as well as their views and concerns regarding assessment instruments used to assess spiritual distress. Data was analyzed for content themes. The study found that spiritual courses were merged into hospice nursing as a teaching unity making it difficult for hospice nurses in a Pacific Northwestern State to fully grasp the concept of spirituality. Further findings suggested that only a handful of schools had spiritual nursing as an independent course. The study may impact social change by informing the advancement of hospice nurses and hospice administrators in the practice of including spirituality within healthcare and integrating extensive existential support training within nurses' curriculum.The shift in health care and nursing philosophy and practice from a holistic approach to a highly technological, cure-oriented approach has been attributed to effective pharmaceuticals made to prolong life. Recently medical professionals have shifted their focus to a combination of spiritual healing and medicine. Hospice care in particular have taken a key interest in integrating spirituality within their health care. The problem is that due to the complications in defining spirituality and appropriate training and education of spirituality within nursing curriculum, assessing patients' spiritual distress may be difficult for many hospice nurses which may be at a loss when attempting to integrate spirituality within their practice. This study used a phenomenological approach to explore the infusion of spirituality in nursing practice and the hospice nurses perceptions of assessing spiritual distress needs of terminally ill patients. Frankl's existential theory and KublerRoss's stages of grief theory framed the study. Participants included VIII hospice nurses working in a Pacific Northwestern state. Face-to-face interviews were conducted to explore the essence of the experience of integrating spirituality as well as their views and concerns regarding assessment instruments used to assess spiritual distress. Data was analyzed for content themes. The study found that spiritual courses were merged into hospice nursing as a teaching unity making it difficult for hospice nurses in a Pacific Northwestern State to fully grasp the concept of spirituality. Further findings suggested that only a handful of schools had spiritual nursing as an independent course. The study may impact social change by informing the advancement of hospice nurses and hospice administrators in the practice of including spirituality within healthcare and integrating extensive existential support training within nurses' curriculum. Assessing Spirituality Among Hospice Patients: A Phenomenological Study of Hospice Nurses By Isabel E. Kaufman Ph.D. Social & Behavioral Sciences, Walden University 2015 M.A Forensic Psychology, Argosy University 2006 B.S Human Development, Pacific Oaks College 2001 Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Walden University August 2015 Dedication This dissertation is dedicated to all those individuals that strive to find peace and solace when faced with a terminal illness. It is also dedicated to those strong, selfless Angels that give of themselves unconditionally and help guide these fragile souls to a place of reconciliation, peace and ultimately acceptance. It is only through acceptance that we can face death with dignity and not despair. Acknowledgments This dissertation is dedicated to my best friend, partner in life and Huckel-Berry Fin Dr. Ronny. You taught me to keep moving forward and to reach the highest star. Because of you I am complete. You are truly my "everything." To my five, wonderful children that have been by my side through the difficult times and have made me stronger, more sensitive and definitely more patient. To my father, who passed away while I was pursuing this goal...you taught me through persistence, dedication and passion, anything can be accomplished. And finally, this dissertation is dedicated to Dr. Barbara Benoliel, who pushed me along and made me feel that this was possible. She gave me strength to move forward and for this I will truly be forever grateful. I would also like to thank Dr. Pamela Denning for providing me with her feedback which helped me fulfil this dream.


. The structure of an accretion disk illuminated by X-rays is investigated. For high values of X-ray heating no static disk solution was found, while for low values of heating a corona was formed above the disk. In the high X-ray illumination case the only possible wind solution is the supersonic solution meaning the evaporation of the disk. Only a very narrow range of X- ray heating and critical point height yield the proper wind solution that agrees with the disk solution. Finally, a self-consistent model of accretion disk and a wind is presented.


Objective To discuss the clinical application value of nasolacrimal duct catheterization with dacryocyst incision. Methods 50 cases of chronic dacryocystitis patient were received nasolacrimal duct catheterization and were followed up 1~6 months. Results The curative effect rate was 94%. Conclusion This method was easy to perform with reliable curative effect. It had not destroyed the anatomic tract that fit for physiological characteristics.


We consider an orbifold Landau-Ginzburg model $(f,G)$, where $f$ is an invertible polynomial in three variables and $G$ a finite group of symmetries of $f$ containing the exponential grading operator, and its Berglund-H\"ubsch transpose $(f^T, G^T)$. We show that this defines a mirror symmetry between orbifold curves and cusp singularities with group action. We define Dolgachev numbers for the orbifold curves and Gabrielov numbers for the cusp singularities with group action. We show that these numbers are the same and that the stringy Euler number of the orbifold curve coincides with the $G^T$-equivariant Milnor number of the mirror cusp singularity.


An analysis reveals considerable improvements in human research protection programs at the VA, though more effort is needed to improve institutional review board procedures and practices.


This research was conducted at an automotive manufacturing company in Indonesia that produces shock absorber (damper). Case study was conducted on the front shock absorber of the motorcycle (front fork). This new product will be given special marking at the designated place. Previous Front Fork products did not have a marking process at the Front Fork Assembly Line. We designed the marking machine control system. This machine control system uses the main MC2000N machine actuator and MC2000T Controller². The machine design is then added to the total length check function. The results obtained are the traceability of the damper made easier and faster in handling claims from the customer. The damper becomes in accordance with the standard.


The scope of this paper is the parameter evaluation of equations that possibly can describe the current during an electrostatic discharge, using genetic algorithms. It is necessary to find an equation for the electrostatic discharge current, because there are aberrations among simulations and the waveform described in the IEC 61000-4-2 standard. In this work the genetic algorithm has been applied on the parameters of four equations. The genetic algorithm has as input data real measurements of the discharge current produced by an electrostatic discharge generator and, using these data, optimizes the parameters of the mathematical equations. The comparison between the experimental and the optimized data proves the efficiency of the genetic algorithm and the most suitable equation among the four for the discharge current derives


India's annual catch of prawns and shrimps is second only to that of the United States and it is estimated
at 91,600 tonnes in 1967. The presently exploited pravm resources are spread over a narrow inshore area of
about 15 km. width along the entire coastline of the country. Regional as well as specific preponderances
of the exploited species are manifested in the overall commercial catches. Of the total quantity of prawns and
8hrimf» lan<ted in the country over 50% by live weight is contributed by penaeid prawns. Ten species included
under the four genera Penaeus, Melapenaeus, Parapenaeopsis and Solenocera contribute to the commercial fishery.
As additional fishing effort was introduced in the capture fishery year by year, the increasing trend observed
in the past years in the total landings of penaeid prawns is of little consequence. An attempt is, therefore,
made here to assess the effect of this increased effort on the prawn stodc. Possibility of increased exploitation
of the prawn resources is examined based on catch data of the mechanised fishing vessels operating in the
south-west coast of India where the capture fishery for prawns is most developed at present.


Phonon scattering in phosphorus-doped silicon has been studied using a heat-pulse technique in which backscattering is measured. With crystal sizes of the order of 10 mm and with phosphorus concentrations up to 1.8*1016 cm-3, it has been shown that single-phonon scattering is predominant. A theoretical curve has been fitted to measurements of backscattered pulse amplitude as a function of input pulse power, and from this fit the authors have been able to deduce the constant A for isotopic Rayleigh scattering in pure silicon (A=0.43 s-1 K-4), the deformation potential Eu associated with the bottom of the conduction band (Eu=8.6 eV), and the Bohr radius r0 of the phosphorus impurity (r0=16 AA). These results are in agreement with those derived by other workers from thermal conductivity measurements.


The large penetration and continued growth in ownership of personal electronic devices represents a freely available and largely untapped source of computing power. To leverage those, we present Pando, a new volunteer computing tool based on a declarative concurrent programming model and implemented using JavaScript, WebRTC, and WebSockets. This tool enables a dynamically varying number of failure-prone personal devices contributed by volunteers to parallelize the application of a function on a stream of values, by using the devices' browsers. We show that Pando can provide throughput improvements compared to a single personal device, on a variety of compute-bound applications including animation rendering and image processing. We also show the flexibility of our approach by deploying Pando on personal devices connected over a local network, on Grid5000, a French-wide computing grid in a virtual private network, and seven PlanetLab nodes distributed in a wide area network over Europe.


The technical level of industry is concentrated expression of a country's science and economic development level.At Present,in our country,technology progress level in industry is not high,accumulation of intellectual property rights is very limited,so we are in a relatively disadvantageous position in the increasingly fierce international competition.The paper used the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method on the current situation of industrial technological progress to the quantitative evaluation on the basis of summarizing the status of our country's technology progress.At the end,the paper drawed the conclusion about the relatively low level of industrial technology progress,and argued some advice according to our country practical.We expect that research in this area can be helped.


The quantity of grain in storage has been exceptionally high through much of the early 1980s. As a result, the effect of insect activity on quality of grain that is stored for long periods of time has become a major concern. The purpose of this study was to analyze producer choices regarding treatments for control of insects in stored grain. A second degree stochastic dominance criterion was used to compare three treatments. In more than 80% of the comparisons, a protectant (malathion) was in the efficient set, which means that it could be selected by a risk-averse individual. In over 65% of the comparisons, a minimum treatment was in the efficient set. Treatment by fumigating was selected to remain in the efficient set in only 34% of the comparisons. Data from this study (before the implementation of the May 1988 regulations of the Federal Grain Inspection Service regarding insect infestation and insect-damaged kernels) suggest that elevator discounts were not consistent nor large enough to encourage farmers to incur large costs for controlling insects.


Written by a former nurse and midwife who is now a life coach, this life-improvement book offers a range of strategies to manage the challenges of modern life.


The article presents both chronology of Dignity Revolution events (21 November 2013 – February 2014) and the role of Churches and Christian communities in the social-political changes in Ukraine, beginning with Maidan events to Crimean occupation and the war in Donbass. Moreover, the problem of religious extremism and persecution of Christians by the Russian occupation authorities on the territory of the South-East of Ukraine has been arisen.


Abstract : The focus of this research is the filtering jump processes. To investigate the filtering of manifold-valued processes, their approximation by random walks and Markov chains was studied. The object was to approximate a signal process by a finite-state jump process for which a finite-dimensional filter is available. Keywords: Filtering, Stochastic control, Minimum principle, Martingale representation, Probability densities, Malliavin calculus.


Preface 1 BACKGROUND NOTIONS 1.1 Accent, dialect, language and variety 1.2 Home and colony 1.3 Colonial lag 1.4 Dialect mixing 2 ENGLISH BECOMES A WORLD LANGUAGE 2.1 The spread of English 2.2 Models of English 2.3 English in Scotland and Ireland 3 VOCABULARY 3.1 Borrowing 3.2 Coining 3.3 The results 4 GRAMMAR 4.1 Morphology 4.2 Syntax 5 SPELLING 5.2 Lexical distributional differences 5.2 Variation in the system 6 PRONUNCIATION 6.1 Describing varieties of English 6.2 Input varieties 6.3 Influences from contact languages 6.4 Influences from other colonies 6.5 Influences from later immigrants 6.6 Influences from world English 6.7 Differences between varieties 7 THE REVENGE OF THE COLONISED 7.1 Vocabulary 7.2 Grammar 7.3 Pronunciation 8 BECOMING INDEPENDENT 8.1 British Englishes 8.2 North American Englishes 8.3 Southern hemisphere Englishes 8.4 Discussion 8.5 The break-up of English? 9 STANDARDS IN THE COLONIES 9.1 Moving away from the standard in vocabulary 9.2 Moving away from the standard in grammar 9.3 Moving away from the standard in pronunciation Discussion of the exercises References Index.


ABSTRACT This article is about the legal framework of the procedural immunity of ministers under Section 56 of the Jordanian Constitution, explaining the amendment which was made to this article under the constitutional amendment of 2011. The article elucidates the nature of this immunity and its impact upon Public Prosecutors' freedom in commencing prosecution. It also explains the limit of this freedom as regards personalities, offenses, and time. Research is done by analysing the relevant legal provisions, addressing the legal provisions which govern the process of lifting the minister's immunity, by determining the competent authority, its power and its procedures. The article also presents some main cases of removing immunity from ministers by the Jordanian House of Representatives.


We are concerned with fractional powers of the so-called
hyponormal operators of Putnam type. Under some suitable
assumptions it is shown that if A , B are closed hyponormal
linear operators of Putnam type acting on a complex Hilbert space
 ℍ , then D ( ( A + B ¯ ) α ) = D ( A α ) ∩ D ( B α ) = D ( ( A + B ¯ ) ∗ α ) for each α ∈ ( 0 , 1 ) . As an application, a large class of the Schrodinger's operator with a
complex potential Q ∈ L loc 1 ( ℝ d ) + L ∞ ( ℝ d ) is considered.


Theory-4 predicts that a tightly focused Gaussian light beam passing outside but near a spherical or cylindrical microcavity will preferentially excite specific cavity resonances depending on its distance to the cavity center, y. This has been called the localization principle'-4 and associates light rays at a distance y = ( n + 1/2) X/271 with modes having a principal mode number, n. In effect, this is a restatement of conservation of angular momentum with ray momentum being proportional to the index of refraction, m, multiplied by the radial position of the peak of the n mode, r,; i.e., y mu,. In this paper, we discuss experimental tests of the theory using two types of microcavites: spherical liquid droplets and cylindrical glass fibers. Both cavity types displayed excellent agreement with theory. In the liquid droplet work, a linear stream of 16-pm diameter falling water droplets was generated using a vibrating orifice aerosol generator. A beam from a cw argon ion laser at 514.5 nm was spatially filtered and focused to a 7-pm diameter. Localization was measured by monitoring the ability of the beam to generate stimulated Raman scattering (SRS). The required SRS pump laser threshold (ca. 0.3 MW/ cmZ) was near the upper limit of our apparatus and so provided a sensitive indicator of the effect of beam position. Initially the beam was positioned so that the edges of the droplets were excited with a 1.5 MW/cm2 intensity beam. By ramping the frequency of the vibrating orifice, we were able to locate droplet sizes where cw SRS occurs. These correspond to double resonance positions where both the pump laser and the Stokes wave simultaneously coincide in wavelength with cavity resonances. With the vibrating orifice frequency fixed at a double resonance point, the beam was spatially translated (see Fig. 1) and the SRS amplitude monitored (see Fig. 2). Generally, for 8-pm radius droplets, SRS occurs at a distance of 7 to 14 pms from the center of the cavity (see Fig. 2), with the peak SRS amplitude observed at ca. 10 p m (i.e., 2 p,m outside the droplet edge). This peak position agreed with theory to within 0.2 pm. In the second set of experiments, 6to 20-pm diameter cylindrical glass fibers were excited by a 3-pm laser beam and the amplitude of SRS monitored. Raman intensity was observed to vary by over three orders of magnitude by varying the beam position from the center of the fiber to the localization point 20375-5338 QWAl Fig. 1. Beam pumping geometry used during localization experiments. Small shaded circle represents 7-pm Gaussian excitation beam's position relative to 16-pm diameter droplet. Beam position was varied in 1-pm steps.


Nowadays, the increasingly stringent pollutant emissions regulations drive the need of a new generation of cleaner fuels for Internal Combustion Engines (ICEs). The electrification of transports is improving the sector of Light Duty vehicles, but most of the Heavy Duty applications are remaining powered by Compression Ignition Engines, due to the inadequate energy density provided by the current state of electric batteries technology. Dimethyl Ether (DME) is an interesting alternative to Diesel for many reasons. Best of all is that both thermal efficiency and pollutant emissions can be improved at the same time, as demonstrated in this study. Moreover the chance of producing DME from renewable resources is extremely appealing in the context of Carbon Neutralization of transports. Both biomass digestion and Hydrogen storage of energy from solar and wind power are compatible with this new fuel. The work presented in this Thesis consists in the calibration of an already existing Heavy Duty Compression Ignition Engine. The investigation can be split into two main parts: firstly the study of the potentialities offered by some innovative injection strategies with Diesel and then the tuning of the main engine parameters under DME fuelling to achieve an optimal solution. The CFD methodology, implemented in the Lib-ICE using OpenFOAM, takes advantage for each of the two fuels of a detailed Chemical Kinetic Mechanism, coupled with the Representative Interactive Flamelets combustion model. This solution offers a great compromise between accuracy and computational cost. More than one hundred simulations have been run to optimize the operating point inside the engine map corresponding to the cruise partial load condition. The three main variables considered in the present calibration process are the Injection Profiles, the Start of Injection (SOI) and the rate of Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR).


The protection of commercial confidence is the hot issue in the law academia at present,but few dips into the protection of confidence in cyberspace.Based on exploring the new characteristics of the confidence in net,this artide gives some advice on how to protect the commercial confidence in digital form.


* Professor of Law, University of California, Davis. For their generosity of time and spirit, I wish to express my thanks to those who have shared their expertise concerning the Central Authorities that are the subject of this article. I am grateful for the hospitality extended by the Universities of Cologne and Munich and by Fitzwilliam College, Cambridge, during my research and for the financial support of the Fulbright Commission and the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation. 1. See generally Hague Conference on Private International Law, Statistics Submitted by the Central Authorities of Austria, Spain, the United States, Israel and Switzerland, Preliminary Document No. 4 of January 1993 for the attention of the Special Commission of January 1993 and Addenda I-XI (containing additional reports from France, Portugal, Ireland, the United States, the United Kingdom, Hungary, Israel, Sweden, Canada, Spain, the Netherlands) and an unnumbered report from Luxembourg. Between July 1, 1988, when the Convention went into effect in the United States, and January 12, 1993, the U.S. Central Authority was involved in 664 requests that children be returned to the United States. Forty percent (265) of these cases had reached a favorable result by January 12, 1993, including 59 cases of voluntary return, 11 cases of voluntary access, 175 cases of court-ordered return and 20 cases of court-ordered access; an additional 34% (224) were still in progress. Id. Addendum IV, Statistics Submitted by the Central Authority of the United States of America, at 1. (This Addendum also includes John Dixon Markey, Statistical Report of the United States Central Authority for the Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction (Jan. 12, 1993), reflecting the period between July 1, 1988 and January 12, 1993. Id. at 7-23.) This is approxi mately double the traditional 20-25 % success rate for non-Convention cases and includes an 86% success rate for the cases that have gone to decision following


Here we consider a modi?ed form of the logistic regression model useful for situations where the dependent variable is dichotomous in nature and the explanatory variables exhibit asymmetric and multimodal behaviour. The proposed model has been ?tted to some real life data set by using method of maximum likelihood estimation and illustrated its usefulness in certain medical applications.


Products for the use of construction machinery and pressure pumps.This pump is high pressure gear pump,construction machinery are used in the secondary oil supply and cooling needs.Geometrical tolerance of key parts of pump body,technical requirements of piece is high,the processing is difficult.Through technical research,the problem is resolved.Production practice show that key parts of the pump body processing methods,process route and testing specification is feasible,Key parts of the pump technical characteristics of geometric tolerance can smoothly.


In this research, four different positioning methods were compared in order to evaluate their accuracy, using a remotely controlled robot on a specific route. These methods included: using a single GPS module, combining the data from three GPS modules, using an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU), and GPS/IMU data fusion. The comparison of these four methods showed that GPS/IMU data fusion along with a Kalman filter was the most precise method, having a root mean square error of 23.4cm. Integrating the data acquired simultaneously from three GPS modules with fixed and equally spaced position and far enough from each other, had a root mean square error of 31.3cm was the second most precise method. . Also analysis of the IMU data showed that due to cumulative errors, it was not a suitable method using a single IMU for positioning.


For marginal amorphous-forming alloys, the glass transition is difficult to detect using conventional differential scanning calorimetry. Since the mechanical response is more sensitive than the thermal signal when the amorphous solid transforms to the supercooled liquid, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) can be used to detect the glass transition temperature in marginal amorphous-forming alloys. In the present study, DMA was successfully used to measure the glass transition in Al90Tb10 metallic glass. A glass transition temperature of 443 K was estimated from the crossover region of the storage modulus, where the crossover region corresponds to the transition from an amorphous solid to a supercooled liquid. The activation energies of 63 and 221 kJ/mol for the low temperature relaxation and viscous flow were calculated using the time-temperature superposition principle.


Previous studies have shown that there is an association between the use of emotion regulation strategies and mental health. However, less is known about the association between emotion regulation strategies and perceived stress in college students, and less is known about whether cultural differences influence this association. The current study examined if differences exist in the habitual use of emotion regulation strategies between Irish college students (n=74) and Chinese international college students (n=96) studying in Ireland, and investigated the relationship between emotion regulation strategies and perceived stress in these two student populations. Chinese students reported more frequent use of both cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression compared with Irish students. There was a statistically significant negative association between the habitual use of cognitive reappraisal and levels of stress in both Irish and Chinese students. In addition, there was a statistically significant moderator effect of culture on the association between expressive suppression and perceived stress. There was a significant positive relationship between the habitual use of expressive suppression and levels of stress in Irish college students, whereas this relationship was absent in Chinese students. The findings highlight the effects of emotion regulation on levels of stress and the importance of cultural context when investigating the association between emotion regulation strategies and perceived stress.


AbstrACt Mobile computing extends the horizons of conventional computing model to a ubiquitous computing environment that serves users at anytime, anywhere. Most distributed applications and services were designed with the assumption that the terminals were powerful, stationary, and connected to fixed networks. One of the biggest challenges in future application development is device heterogeneity. In the future, users expect to see a rich variety of computing devices that can run applications. These devices have different capabilities in processors, memory, networking, screen sizes, input methods, and software libraries. We also expect that future users are likely to own many types of devices. Depending on users changing situations and environments, they may choose to switch from one type of device, to another that brings the best combination of application functionality and device mobility. Applications, middleware, and systems can be measured in a variety of dimensions, including usability, distributability, integration, conformance to standards, extensibility, internationalizability, manageability, performance, portability, scalability reliability-fault tolerance, and security. The authors call these pervasive attributes, since they can apply to the system as a whole, not just to the system's components. Mobility brings additional uncertainties, as well as opportunities to provide new services and supplementary information to users in the locations where they find themselves. In general, most application software, operating systems, and network frameworks are intended for more conventional environments, and so the mobile, wireless user has great difficulty exploiting the computational framework as fully as he/she might. There is an emerging consensus among researchers that a new architecture and dynamic framework is an appropriate way to address above problems. This report presents a prototype for secure and reliable computing that will address above issues and can both assist developers to build multi-platform applications that can run on heterogeneous devices and allow a user to move/migrate a running application among heterogeneous devices might be among different networks.


Despite an overwhelming case for the redevelopment of historically based bus networks, reviews are difficult to implement because of limited funding, equity concerns, complex technical challenges, difficulty communicating technical issues to stakeholders and the potential displacement of existing users. This paper describes a bus network review process designed in Melbourne, Australia to address these issues. The process adopts evidence based planning and achieves a consensus of outcomes using an inclusive design process adopting advanced analysis tools to communicate technical issues effectively to a non-technical audience.


The fault recording system is used to monitor the power system phenomena and the behavior of the protection system. Generally, when the fault occurs in the power system, the fault recording system will recorded the related information current, voltage and the digital signal of the equipment for analyzing the disturbance event. The recorded data will be retrieved to the master station to analyst the fault event, fault location, the protection performance by analyst engineer. This process needs some duration on the collecting data and analyst. However, during the disturbance occurs in the system, the system operator need to know the fault situation as soon as possible to help the system operator making the decision for restore the system back to normal. The normal process cannot fulfill the requirement of the system operator due to the different formatted data from different manufacturer which cannot access the data with one machine. Automated Fault Analysis System (AFA) is developed as the tool to help the system operators and system analysis engineer to access the fault event data instantaneously and conveniently. It will convert the data to the standard format and transfer the data to the main master station. The main master station will analyst data and send to the internet immediately. With the expert system, AFA is also designed to classified type and locate the fault. It is also transferred the information about the event which will help the system operator to understand the situation and select the appropriate method to solve the problem. AFA is also help the protection engineer to analyst the events easier via the web browser. This paper is represented automated fault analysis system from the design concept to the implementation stage in the smart grid environment. Not only the problems using AFA system as the lesson and learn for the practice, but also the future work in AFA system also discussed in this paper. This paper will be benefit to Thailand power system as a whole to improve the system performance indices and also enhance the performance of the protection system and high voltage equipment.


The third-order nonlinear Hall effect induced by Berry-connection polarizability tensor has been observed in Weyl semimetals T$_d$-MoTe$_2$ as well as T$_d$-TaIrTe$_4$. The experiments were performed on bulk samples, and the results were interpreted with the semiclassical Boltzmann approach. Beyond the bulk limit, we develop a quantum nonlinear transport theory to investigate the third-order Hall response of a four-terminal setup with time-reversal symmetry in quantum regime. The quantum nonlinear theory is verified on a model system of monolayer MoTe$_2$, and numerical results on the angle-resolved Hall currents are qualitatively consistent with the experiment. More importantly, quantum signatures of the third-order Hall effect are revealed, which are independent of the system symmetry. The first quantum signature is quantum enhancement of the third-order Hall current, which is characterized by sharp current peaks whose magnitudes are three orders larger than the first-order Hall current. Such quantum enhancement originates from quantum interference in coherent transport, and it can be easily destroyed by dephasing effect. The second quantum signature is disorder-induced enhancement of the third-order Hall current for weak disorders. Our findings reveal quantum characteristics of the third-order Hall effect, and we propose feasible ways to enhance it in nanoscale systems. The quantum third-order theory developed in this work provides a general formalism for describing nonlinear coherent transport properties in multi-terminal devices, regardless of the system symmetry.


To enhance the safety, cost, and energy density of Li-ion batteries, significant research efforts have been devoted to the search for new positive electrode materials that exhibit high redox potentials and are composed of low-cost, earth-abundant elements. Sulfate chemistry has yielded promising results for iron-based polyanionic electrode materials using the FeIII+/FeII+ redox couple, including the recent discovery of a monoclinic marinite Li2Fe(SO4)2 phase (3.83 V vs Li+/Li0). Here, we report the ball-milling synthesis and electrochemical properties of a new orthorhombic polymorph of Li2Fe(SO4)2, which reversibly reacts with lithium through a two-step redox process (3.73 and 3.85 V vs Li+/Li0) with an overall sustained capacity of about 90 mAh/g. Using similar synthesis conditions, the cobalt-, zinc-, magnesium-, and nickel-based orthorhombic analogues were also obtained, though no electrochemical activity was observed for these phases. Overall, our results demonstrate that polymorphism can play a cruci...


For certain latent variable models, such as single topic models and Gaussian mixture models, their low-order moments yield symmetric tensor structures. Thus, parameter estimation of these models can be converted to symmetric tensor decomposition. In this paper, we analyze the application of two symmetric tensor decomposition methods to parameter estimation of certain latent variable models. Our discussion consists of three main parts. We identify the symmetric tensor structures of the second and third moments of certain latent variable models, examine the method of orthogonalization proposed by Anandkumar et al. and implemented through the tensor power method, and illustrate the method of generating polynomials proposed by Nie and related to the apolarity lemma. We conclude with numerical experiments of the two methods.


Interactive interpretation is urgently needed to increase the productivity of the world's hard‐pressed seismic interpreters. This paper describes the use of an interactive system that displays seismic data in color on a television screen. The system is easy to use and, by automatically managing the data base for the interpreter, permits him to spend a larger portion of his time on the thoughtful process of interpretation itself. A 3-D data volume can be studied in both vertical or horizontal section form. The system can equally well handle the irregular grid from a 2-D survey. In the course of interpreting a section on the screen, the interpreter may manipulate portions of that section in a variety of ways. He may make composite displays of multiple pieces of data, track horizons in automatic or manual modes, and zoom portions of the data to any desired extent. An interpretation made on one section can later be viewed on other sections marked at the points of intersection. Data can also be flattened to ai...


This paper presents a new alternative technique for electric power generation based on municipal waste water. A methodology for evaluation of the reliability of the micro-hydro power generation system using Gaussian distribution approach and Simpsonpsilas 1/3rd rule have been described in this paper. Annual/daily flow duration curve (FDC) of the sewage power generation has been produced for design and development of the system. The hydro potential of waste water from community flowing through sewage system has been determined to produce an annual flow duration curve/daily flow duration curve by ordering the recorded water flows from maximum to minimum flow. Several factors such as design pressure, the roughness of the pipepsilas interior surface, method of joining, weight, ease of installation, accessibility to the sewage system, design life, maintenance, weather conditions, availability of material, related cost and likelihood of structural damage have been considered for design of a particular penstock for reliable operation of the sewage system. Output power has been estimated at available different heads of sewage plant and waste water flow rate. Various types of the turbine-generator sets for different head have been proposed for reliable operation of the micro hydro power system using municipal waste water. A micro hydro power generation system based on sewage system has been designed, developed, and practically implemented to provide reliable electric energy to suitable load in the campus of the Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, (Uttar Pradesh), India.


The first international Conference on Comparative Literature sponsored by the, Tamkang College of Arts and Sciences' Western Literature Research Institute was held in Taipei, Taiwan, from July 19 'to July 23, 1971. 'The conference was geared primarily towards the discovery of the literary relations between China and other countries and, according to its- organizers, the conference was the first of its kind to be held in Taiwan and probably in the whole of Asia.


The objective of this paper is to reflect on the specificity of the analytical experience in a group therapy. In the group simultaneously operate two heterog...


This article explores a "particularistic" concept of legitimacy important to Taiwanese democracy. This form of legitimacy, I suggest, has been instrumental for Taiwan's successful democratic consolidation in the absence of the rule of law. As evidence, I combine ethnographic observation of neighborhood police work with historical consideration of a type of political figure emergent in the process of democratic reform, which I call the "outlaw legislator." I focus my analysis on the institutional and ideological processes articulating local policing into the wider political field. The center of these processes is a mode of popular representation that positions the outlaw legislator as a crucial hinge articulating the particularistic local order with central state powers. By analyzing the cultural content of the dramaturgical work used to reconcile low policing with higher-level state operations, this article shows how a particularistic idiom of legitimacy helps hold Taiwanese democracy together.


The cryo fracture electron microscope was used to study the microscopic structure of pesticide microemulsion. The hydromechanical radius(Rh) and distribution(f Rh ) of pesticide microemulsion also has been determined by photo correlation spectroscopy. The investigation shows that the Rh was significantly greater when the ratio of surfactants to water decreased to 20/31 from 27/26, and finally the bicontinuous structure occurred when the ratio of surfactants to water droped to 15/36. The results are of great value for explaining the relationship between pesticide properties and the microscopic structure, and establishing a good method for studying the microscopic structure of pesticide formulation.


The British Expeditionary Force (BEF) participated from the outset in the fighting in France and Belgium. But compared to Germany and France, Britain's main strength at the start of the conflict was her navy rather than her army. While she was more than able to match the Imperial German Navy at sea, the war on land – not just in France and Belgium, but in Africa, at Gallipoli, in Palestine and in other theatres – required her to undergo a dramatic process of mobilization and military improvements. Performance at sea and in the air was not significantly inferior to her main opponents, although on land it was not as proficient in the first two years of the war.


Objective To study the tectological characteristics and immunochemical condition of preserved tracheas.We try to probe into measures for preservation of tracheas,histomorphological characteristics of preserved tracheal tissue,function and method for examination.Methods Human tracheas were preserved in-85℃,the length of each trachea was measured.They were examined by optic microscopy,and the expressions of AACT,ACTION and ESP in tissues were examined by immunochemical method with Envision two-step inspection technique.Results The configuration and construction of preserved tracheas are as same as unpreserved tracheas.The mean length of unpreserved tracheas is 2.07 centimeter and the mean length of preserved tracheas is 2.0 centimeter(P0.05).The expressions of ACTION in three groups are positive.The positive expression of AACT is 19(95%) in group 1,17(85%) in group 2 and 7(35%) in group 3.The positive expression of ESP is 18(90%) in group 1,16(80%) in group 2 and 9(45%) in group 3.After statistical analysis,p is above 0.05 when group 1 compared with that of group 2(P0.05).Conclusion The tracheal length has no change after preservation.The configuration and construction of preserved tracheas are as same as unpreserved tracheas.Above-mentioned data demonstrated that tracheas can be preserved and their situation can be detected by means of immunohistochemical techniques.


ABSTRACT ‐The Late Effect of Accidental Injury Questionnaire (LEAIQ) is a self‐report questionnaire constructed to assess the biological, psychological and social effects of traumatic injuries. The LEAI covers current civil and employment status (4 questions); possible negative or positive consequences of the injury (20 questions) symptoms of post‐traumatic distress (24 questions); aspects of the accident situation and the emotional impact of the trauma considered to be of relevance for the development of post‐traumatic stress disorder and litigation behaviour (3 questions). The last part of the LEAIQ deals with the patient's opinion about the hospital treatment and follow‐up control and self‐perceived current medical or social needs (4 questions).


In application of Marxist theory of organic compositions in capital and the theory of relative overpopulation,this paper analyzes the variance of Okun's Law and the reasons for the shortage of farmer workers and shortage of workers in the perspective of the economic situation in East Fujian.Meanwhile,the author put forward some proposals to solve the problems concerned.


In a previous paper the authors analyzed an axisymmetric, nonstationary model of the central engine of an active galactic nucleus, consisting of a supermassive black hole surrounded by a magnetized accretion disk. The equations used were the equations of power output and angular momentum loss given by Macdonald and Thorne (1982), in which an axisymmetric, stationary model is described. In this paper, all the fundamental equations in a fully time-dependent manner and the electrodynamics of a black hole and its magnetosphere is investigated. Under the assumption that the mass accretion is confined to the equatorial plane of the black hole, the results suggest that, at the equatorial zone of the black hole, the angular velocity of the magnetic field lines anchored on the accreting matter must be close to that of the black hole. 21 references.


Best extraction craft of Cinnamon oleoresin by microwave extraction technology was studied through single factor and orthogonal experiment.This craft was divided two steps,used the ether extract at first.Factors affecting Cinnamon oleoresin extraction yields,such as raw material granularity,the liquid-solid ratio,the extract power,were discussed.And by orthogonal experiments used three factors four levels,optimal technological conditions were achieved as follows:raw material granularity 60 item,the liquid-solid compares 1∶5,extract power 300W.The extract rate had reached 8.33%。Second,recycled Cinnamon oleoresin used the acetone,and discussed factors affecting Cinnamon oleoresin extraction yields to raw material granularity,the liquid-solid ratio,the extract power and the extract temperature.


PURPOSE: A treatment apparatus using protons and a treatment method using the same are provided to obstruct the growth of the tumor cell of a tumor region or to kill the tumor cell. CONSTITUTION: A treatment apparatus using protons comprises: a proton generating unit(100) for projecting protons to the tumor region of a patient; a magnet(210) for forming a magnetic field that surrounds the patient; and a bore member(200) which has a hollow where the patient locates and in which a magnet locates in the outside thereof. The protons perform a spiral motion through the Lorentz force by magnetic field.


Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) experiments have been performed on a fluorescent dextran/poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) mixture in water. The experiments were made at several total polymer concentrations C T , from dilute to semidilute solutions (0.1-10C * ) in the homogeneous and disordered state. The composition of the «visible» polymer fluorescent dextran in the mixture was around 0.5% in the semidilute regime. The dynamics of such a system as revealed by FRAP exhibit one relaxation mode identified as a self-diffusion coefficient


Professor Lambert, in the draft report just cited, suggests that it is time for South Asian studies to move past the primary data-gathering stage. If we may take our text from Dr. Lambert and the style of our comment from the distinguished drama critic Walter Kerr, we may occupy fair ground from which to evaluate the several titles in recent South Asian history which form the subject of this critical essay. Two preliminary observations covering the group of titles under notice may not be amiss. They are the product of a strikingly international craftsmanship. The several authors, contributors, and editors are domesticated in the United States, the United Kingdom, India and Australia, demonstrating the wide spread of professional scholarship on South Asia during the past two decades. Equally noteworthy is the average age of the several contributors. The great bulk of this material, and the best of it too, was produced by men too young to have served in the second World War. It is clear that South Asian history is coming of age and that many of the men who are pushing it to new levels of sophistication are young.


Genotypic and phenotypic variation among 16 isolates of Ramularia areola of Gossypium hirsutum collected from five different geographical regions of Brazil was studied through virulence spectrum on three cultivars in the glasshouse and through ERIC- and REP-PCR and ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 rDNA analysis. Difference in virulence spectrum and molecular analysis of some isolates was observed. ERIC- and REP-PCR showed similar results and revealed a high level of diversity among the isolates. A unique profile for both ERIC and REP was obtained for most isolates. On the other hand, the ITS rDNA analysis did not show different PCR-RFLP patterns. While some isolates differed among each other considering genotypic and phenotypic reactions, no clear cut evidence was found about the existence of genetic lineages of R. areola in Brazil. Identification of genetic variability among the R. areola isolates originated from different geographic regions would permit screening of Brazilian germplasm and achieve sources with a wide spectrum of resistance. This is the first report of the genotypic and phenotypic variability among the R. areola isolates originated from five cotton growing regions of Brazil.


One of the fundamental principles of Basel Convention is the environmentally sound management (ESM), serving as a 'meta-rule', which establish the context within which bargaining under the Basel Convention takes place to develop more specific norms, such as rules regarding PIC, partnerships or management and technical guidelines of specific waste streams, regarding the management and transboundary movement of hazardous wastes. Yet, Basel Convention defines the crucial notion of ESM only in general terms, and has been subject to widely different interpretations and extensively criticized. Employing teleological approach which relies on the purpose of the Convention, this study argues that Basel Convention intended to establish a global convention with three principal aims: 1) minimization of hazardous wastes; 2) environmentally sound management of hazardous wastes; and 3) minimizing the transboundary movement of hazardous wastes. The central element of these aims was to limit such movements, as opposed to current practices of establishing ESM as the "least standard" for which transboundary movement of hazardous wastes would be allowed. Reinterpretation of ESM is also needed in light of the recent entry into force of Ban Amendment, which introduced 'high risk' as an element of consideration when addressing transboundary movements from developed countries to developing countries, which entails the applicability of precautionary principle in ESM interpretation.


Purpose: Intrauterine death in the early fetal periode is to be due more frequently to infection and lethal malformations and only rarely to pathological developmental conditions within the placenta. The manifestation of an intrauterine anoxia in the early fetal period must be considered as unusual, speaks it nevertheless for the fact that in an early point of development time a pronounced insufficiency of the placenta is already present. Material and Methods: Clarifying the pathogenesis, 4 placentas of intrauterine deceased fetus became 14. to 22. gestational week with abnorm high vascularity during simultaneous maturational arrest examines. The placentas indicated on the one hand angiopathies and growth disturbances, which led in the long run all to the obviously reactively increased container formation. The angiogenic growth always shows a dependency on growth factors and so we showed to the expression of VEGF as well as its receptors Flt-1 and KDR, primary fibroblastic growth factor (bfgf) and Angiopoietin-1 examines. Results: Immunohistochemically a strong expression of all growth factors pointed itself to numerous cells of the villous, thus in trophoblast cells, hofbauer cells and endothel cells. This makes clear that all examined antibodies are involved in the development of the early placenta period. Differences regarding the expression of the growth factors in the placentas with hypervascularisation and as the normal control placentas did not examine morphologically. Conclusion: It obviously concerns it an adjustment reaction of the villous to the hypoxia. In the early pregnancy the growth retardation or pathological flow values must be interpreted as warning signals.


Abstract Authoritarianism within party structures is recognized as a central feature of all political parties in Turkey but used in a taken‐for‐granted manner. This article highlights the necessity to examine the power relationship between the central and local party actors and argues that the different incentive structures within political parties lead to different types of party authoritarianism. Comparing the incentive structures of the Republican People's Party (CHP) and the Justice and Development Party (AKP), the article concludes that the CHP is close to an oligarchic type of authoritarianism whereas the AKP is close to a hegemonic type of authoritarianism.


According to the stator field-oriented vector control technique and the global robust sliding mode control technique, a control strategy of doubly fed wind generator was designed for solving the problem of poor adaptiveness and robustness of the PI controller for no-load cutting-in control of doubly fed wind generator. In the design of switching function,a variable factor with exponential function was introduced to eliminate the reaching phase; In order to improve the convergence speed of state and weaken the chattering of the control system,a state error was introduced to switching control. Comparing with the PI controller,the simulation results show that the global robust sliding mode controller has strong global robustness against grid voltage fluctuation and motor parameter perturbation,ensures the stability of stator voltage and can effectively realize the no-load cutting-in with a quick response and less steady-state error.


Digital imaging technologies are producing large collections of networked images and are creating an increasing need for additional types of descriptive mechanisms for these collections. Among the communities addressing this need is the MPEG-7 initiative, focusing on content description for multimedia. this paper describes MPEG-7, its context and objectives, its constituencies and methods.


A trained engineer in the fields of chemical [Universidad de Oriente, Cuba] and environmental engineering [University of South Carolina, Columbia], Samuel is interested and focuses on Waste-to-Wealth Initiatives, where waste is reused or converted into usable resources through hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of waste biomass, thus, creating a sustainable environment, and the remediation of contaminated systems via Advance Oxidation Processes such as photocatalysis.


This paper proposes a methodology based on Analytical Hierarchical Process (AHP) and Fuzzy Inference Systems (FIS), to obtain a better selection of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP). The company, which are going to acquire the software, bases this selection on their own imposed criteria and the ERPs alternatives based on some supplier's information. To select the most appropriate ERP, at the beginning, AHP was used. Then, Through a FIS is evaluated the selected ERP to know if it comply with the business financial and operational performance. Finally, another FIS fuses these results in an only one, which is called "acceptability level". The proposed methodology try to quantify all the subjectivity that involve an ERP acquisition by a business.


The existence, formation and content of water ice in the lunar permanently shaded region is one of the important questions for the current Moon study. On October 9, 2009, the LCROSS mission spacecraft impacted the Moon, and the initial result verified the existence of water on the Moon. But the study on formation and content of water ice is still under debate. The existence of water ice can change the dielectric constants of the lunar regolith, and a microwave radiometer is most sensitive to the dielectric parameters. Based on this, in this paper, the radiation transfer model is improved according to the simulation results in high frequency. Then the mixture dielectric constant models, including Odelevsky model, Wagner and landau-Lifshitz model, Clau-sius model, Gruggeman-Hanai model, etc., are analyzed and compared. The analyzing results indicate that the biggest difference occurs between Lichtenecker model and the improved Dobson model. The values estimated by refractive model are the second biggest in all the models. And the results from Odelevsky model, strong fluctuation model, Wagner and Landau –Lifshitz model, Clausius model and Bruggeman-Hanai model are very near to each other. Thereafter, the relation between volume water ice content and microwave brightness temperature is constructed with Odelevsky mixing dielectric model and the improved radiative transfer simulation, and the volume water ice content in Cabeus crater is retrieved with the data from microwave radiometer onboard Chang'e-1 satellite. The results present that the improved radiative transfer model is proper for the brightness temperature simulation of the one infinite regolith layer in high frequency. The brightness temperature in Cabeus crater is 69.93 K (37 GHz), and the corresponding volume water ice content is about 2.8%.


The present invention discloses a method for manufacturing an open roof of the building wind. A vent hole provided in the roof, 5-30 cm above the roof surface at the edge of the vent hole, the vent hole is provided above the cover plate with a vent, the vent cover side length of 1-10 cm beyond the edge of the vent hole one side of the roof vent of a fixed shaft, with the shaft connected to the vent cover, the motor shaft containing, by making the shaft opening and closing of the vent cover. The roof is flat spherical surface, a hyperboloid, flap or arcuate shape. The vent hole is square, rectangular, circular, arcuate or polygonal. When a pressure is detected above this roof design pressure, the drive shaft the vent cover is opened, this time by strong winds from the vent hole. The present invention is safe and reliable and simple structure, greatly reducing the suffering produce roof after storm damage repair and maintenance costs, so as to achieve economical and durable purpose.


have criticized our article in this journal (), in which we attempted to demonstrate how mode-of-action and pharmacokinetic considerations could be applied in a cancer risk assessment for trichloroethylene. This short response provides us the opportunity to endorse, without reservations, our earlier conclusions about a mode of action-based cancer risk assessment approach for trichloroethylene. Our comments here also note the continuing reluctance of regulators to embrace widely-held scientific consensus positions on mode of action rather than to maintain a regulatory bias requiring proof that no other mode-of-action could be operative—an impossible hurdle in any assessment. We remain concerned that policy and precautionary decisions rather than any true regard for the body of scientific research are likely to drive the US EPA risk assessment for TCE, and perhaps for most other animal carcinogens, despite research to clarify mode of action and tissue dosimetry considerations.


We present a study of optical, photoluminescent (PL), and photoconductive properties of small-molecule D/A bulk heterojunctions of functionalized fluorinated anthradithiophene (ADT-R-F) and pentacene (Pn-R-F8) derivatives. We chose one of the ADT derivatives, ADT-TES-F, which exhibits a 2D "brick-work" .π-stacking, as the donor, and ADT-TIPS-F (2D "brick-work"), ADT-TSBS-F (1D "sandwich-herringbone"), Pn-TIPS-F8 (2D "brick-work"), or Pn-TCHS-F8 (1D "sandwich-herringbone"), as acceptors. We measured PL and photoconductivity at time scales from sub-nanoseconds to many seconds after photoexcitation, at various acceptor concentrations, under various experimental conditions. The choice of acceptors enabled us to distinguish between effects of the LUMO energy offsets between the donor and acceptor molecules and those of the molecular packing in the acceptor domains on exciton and charge carrier dynamics.


We demonstrate a Brillouin microcavity laser based on a microrod resonator exhibiting a frequency noise of 140 HZ/√Hz at 10 Hz offset. The corresponding laser linewidth is measured to be below 400 Hz.


Aiming at the oil field workover blowout prevention problems of the ram BOP,to improve the technical level of oil well operation equipment,a kind of multifunctional oil well hydraulic spray device was developed.The flame spraying device with hydraulic drive technology has the advantages of compact structure,high degree of mechanization,simple installation,safe and reliability.Through indoor experiment and field application showed that nearly two years,well control safety requirements,reliable performance,strong operability,various technical indicators have reached the design requirements.


A catalog of all 32 Cayley-Dickson-like doubling prod- ucts on ordered pairs (a,b) · (c,d) for which (1,0) is the left and right identity and for which x·x � = x � ·x = kxk 2 given the conju- gate (a,b) � = (a � ,−b). Only eight of these are true Cayley-Dickson doubling products, since 24 of them do not satisfy the quaternion properties. Each of the eight Cayley-Dickson products has a dis- tinctive representation in the Fano Plane. 1. Product of finite sequences of real numbers In this catalog, Cayley-Dickson-like products are considered to be products of finite sequences of real numbers. This may seem odd since Cayley-Dickson products are normally considered to be products de- fined on ordered pairs. In order to define a Cayley-Dickson-like product of any two finite sequences of real numbers, every finite sequence x will be identified with an infinite sequence of the form x = x0,x1,x2,··· ,xn−1,0,0,0,··· and the ordered pair of any two sequences x and y (whether finite or infinite) will be identified with the shuffling of the two sequences (x,y) = x0,y0,x1,y1,x2,y2 ···


Opinion mining applications work with a large number of opinion holders. This means a summary of opinions is important so we can easily interpret holders' opinions. The aim of this paper is to provide a feature-based summarization for Arabic reviews. In our work, a system is proposed using Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques, information extraction and sentiment lexicons. This provides users to access the opinions expressed in hundreds of reviews in a concise and useful manner. We start with extracting feature for a specific domain, assigned sentiment classification to each feature, and then summarized the reviews. We conducted a set of experiments to evaluate our system using data corpus from the hotel domain. The accuracy for opinion mining we calculated using objective evaluation was 71.22%. We, also, applied subjective evaluation for the summary generation and it indicated that our system achieved a relevant measure of 73.23 % accuracy for positive summary and 72.46% accuracy for a negative summary.


Secularization marks the change from traditional society to modern society. This article briefly describes and analyzes the tendency of secularization of the youth's values during different periods of time.


The Zoroastrianism, as one of the five the most famous religions of the world, occurred at the sixth century B.C. It once become the national religion at States of Sasanian, Bactria and Sogdian spreading widely in Persia and other States of the Central Asia. During the period of at least The Wei and The Jin Dynasty (from the third to the fourth century A.D.) , the Zoroastrianism came to China and then was known as "San Yi Jiao (The three foreign Religion)", together with other two : the Nestorianism and Manichaeism during the period of the Sui and The Tang dynasty, disseminating on the land. In China, the Zoroastrianism is also called the Mazdeism. This thesis will try to find some characters of the Zoroastrianist temples in China such as location of the Building, the structure,setting altar, hanging paintings and making offering to the divine niches.


The self-assembly of block copolymers constitutes a timely research area in polymer science with implications for applications like sensing or drug-delivery. In here, we investigate the unprecedented aggregation behaviour of high molecular weight block copolymer poly(N,N-diethylacrylamide)-b-poly(4-acryloylmorpholine) (PDEA-b-PAM) (Mn>400 kg/mol) in organic solvent tetrahydrofuran (THF). To elucidate the aggregation, dynamic light scattering, cryo transmission electron microscopy and turbidimetry were employed. The aggregate formation was assigned to the unprecedented upper critical solution temperature behaviour of PAM in THF at elevated concentration (> 6 wt%) and high molar masses. Various future directions for this new thermo-responsive block copolymer are envisioned, e.g. in the areas of photonics or templating of inorganic structures. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


Optimal sensor placement, Operation modal analysis, Effective independence method. Experimental modal testing is a widely used non-destructive method for experimental evaluation of dynamic characteristics of all engineering structures and it is used in damage detection and structural health monitoring in operational conditions. In this method, sensor devices are placed on special coordinate points of structures. In order to get good correlation in measurement, many sensors are required for structural identification and long-term structural health monitoring in large structures so the costs of measurement will increase. Therefore, minimum number of sensors should be placed on appropriate locations on the system during experimental modal measurements to ensure both the information with sufficient quality and the cost reduction. The aim of this study is to perform experimental investigation of laminated composite beam with through an optimal sensor placement approach. The study shows that there is a good agreement between the natural frequencies and mode shapes obtained from the initial measurements and those by using the limited number of sensors.


A machining insert as in one embodiment of the present invention is provided with a through-hole that extends so that the through hole passes through first and second end surfaces that are on opposite sides from one another. A plurality of cutting blades are disposed on a ridgeline area that intersects the first end surface and a peripheral side surface so that the cutting blades are rotationally symmetrical in relation to the center axis of the through-hole. A plurality of segmented surface areas are disposed on the second end surface so that the segmented surface areas are rotationally symmetrical in relation to the center axis second end surface. Each segmented surface area is correlated to one cutting blade and is formed so as to have a fixed slant in relation to a flat plane that is established so as to be perpendicular to the central axis. When the machining insert is mounted to the insert mounting seat with a screw, the segmented surface areas that are correlated to the usable cutting blades will come into contact with the contact surface of the insert mounting seat, and the axis of the insert mounting seat screw hole and the central axis of the through-hole will become parallel.


Abstract Personal social media use at work is usually deemed counterproductive work behaviour reducing employee productivity. However, we hypothesized that it may actually help employees to coordinate work and nonwork demands, which should in turn increase work-related creativity. We used ecological momentary assessment across one working day with up to ten hourly measurements on 337 white-collar workers to measure personal social media use, work-nonwork balance and creativity, resulting in a total of 2244 hourly measurements. Multilevel modelling revealed that personal social media use was associated with better work-nonwork balance, but with lower levels of creativity between- and within-persons. Work-nonwork balance did not mediate the relationship between personal social media use and creativity. More research is needed to understand why employees use social media at work for personal purposes and how this affects their well-being and job performance.


Externally prestressed beams are structural concrete members in which prestressing tendons are placed outside the concrete section. Design provisions of many international codes for external prestr...


Berat, Lynn, & Yossi Shain. Retribution or Truth-Telling in South Africa? Legacies of the Transitional Phase (Symposium: Law and Lustration: Righting the Wrongs of the Past). No.1, 163-89. Bisharat, George E. Courting Justice? Legitimation in Lawyering under Is, raeli Occupation (Symposium: Lawyering in Repressive States). No.2, 349-405. Black, Donald. The Epistemology of Pure Sociology (Review Symposium: Donald Black and the Sociology of Law). No.3, 829-70. Blankenburg, Erhard. The Purge of Lawyers after the Breakdown of the East German Communist Regime (Symposium: Law and Lustration: Right, ing the Wrongs of the Past). No.1, 223-43.


Ground Penetrating Radar - (GPR) has been successfully employed in. High Resolution investigations with applications to natural resources detection, civil engineering, environmental and archaeological studies.


In this study, a femtosecond laser was focused to ablate brass target and generate plasma emission in air. The influence of lens to sample distance (LTSD) on spectral emission of brass plasma under linearly and circularly polarized pulses with different pulse energies was investigated. The results indicated that the position with the strongest spectral emission moved toward focusing lens with increasing the energy. At the same laser energy, the line emission under circularly polarized pulse was stronger compared with linearly polarized pulse for different LTSDs. Next, electron temperature and density of the plasma were obtained with Cu (I) lines, indicating that the electron temperature and density under circularly polarized pulse were higher compared to that under linearly polarized pulse. Therefore, changing the laser polarization is a simple and effective way to improve the spectral emission intensity of femtosecond laser-induced plasma.


Simple Summary The recurrence rate after lumbar spine disc surgeries is estimated to be 5–15%. Lumbar spine flexion of more than 10° is mentioned in the literature as the most harmful load to the operated disc level that could lead to recurrence during the first six postoperative weeks. The purpose of this study is to quantify flexions during daily living following such surgeries, for six weeks postoperatively, using wearable sensors technology. These data determine the patients' kinematic pattern, reflecting a high-risk factor for pathology recurrence. The operated patients were measured to have 30% normal lumbar motion after the first postoperative week, while they were restored to almost 75% at the end of the sixth, respectively. Further in vitro studies should be carried out using these data to identify if such kinematic patterns could lead to pathology recurrence. Abstract Background: The recurrence rate of lumbar spine microdiscectomies (rLSMs) is estimated to be 5–15%. Lumbar spine flexion (LSF) of more than 10° is mentioned as the most harmful load to the intervertebral disc that could lead to recurrence during the first six postoperative weeks. The purpose of this study is to quantify LSFs, following LSM, at the period of six weeks postoperatively. Methods: LSFs were recorded during the daily activities of 69 subjects for 24 h twice per week, using Inertial Measurement Units (IMU). Results: The mean number of more than 10 degrees of LSFs per hour were: 41.3/h during the 1st postoperative week (P.W.) (29.9% healthy subjects-H.S.), 2nd P.W. 60.1/h (43.5% H.S.), 3rd P.W. 74.2/h (53.7% H.S.), 4th P.W. 82.9/h (60% H.S.), 5th P.W. 97.3/h (70.4% H.S.) and 6th P.W. 105.5/h (76.4% H.S.). Conclusions: LSFs constitute important risk factors for rLDH. Our study records the lumbar spine kinematic pattern of such patients for the first time during their daily activities. Patients' data report less sagittal plane movements than healthy subjects. In vitro studies should be carried out, replicating our results to identify if such a kinematic pattern could cause rLDH. Furthermore, IMU biofeedback capabilities could protect patients from such harmful movements.


Throughout the 1990s, we have witnessed the burgeoning interest and rapidly advancing technologies in the "eld of information visualization (Card, Mackinlay & Shneiderman, 1999; Chen, 1999; Ware, 2000). This "eld has captured the imagination of researchers and practitioners from a wide range of disciplines all over the world. Increasingly powerful and visually appealing information visualization techniques are "nding their way into everyday life in our information society. The widespread proliferation of information visualization techniques has also highlighted the need for principles and methodologies for empirical evaluation of these techniques. Urgently needed are improved methods in areas such as task analysis, usability evaluation and usage analysis, especially those with special emphasis on visualization}intrinsic user interfaces. Until recently, research in information visualization has largely focused on the development of innovative computing techniques. George Robertson, the inventor of wellknown information visualization techniques such as Cone Trees (Robertson, Mackinlay & Card, 1991), was among the "rst to draw our attention to the importance of empirical evaluation with his keynote speech in 1998 at the IEEE Information Visualization Symposium. We are "nally beginning to see evaluations of advanced visualization techniques, but progress has been slow and isolated (e.g. Pirolli, Card & Van Der Wege, 2000; Graham, Kennedy & Hand, 2000). This special issue aims to provide a timely and unifying forum for researchers and practitioners to tackle some of the fundamental and practical issues concerning empirical evaluation of information visualizations. We have solicited nine original articles on topics related to this theme. Two thematic aspects become apparent in this special issue, namely, evaluating well-known information visualization techniques and analysing the use of information visualization techniques in a practical context. A detailed introduction will be given below to guide the reader of the special issue.


In the current work, a series of phosphonium-based monocationic and dicationic ionic liquids (trihexyltetradecylphosphonium dioctylsulfosuccinate, [P6,6,6,14]DOSS; trioctyltetradecylphosphonium dioctylsulfosuccinate, [P8,8,8,14]DOSS; 1,6-bis(trioctylphosphonium)hexane dioctylsulfosuccinate, [P8,8,8C6P8,8,8] DOSS2; and 1,10-bis(trioctylphosphonium)decane dioctylsulfosuccinate, [P8,8,8C10P8,8,8]DOSS2) were prepared, and their characterization was done using NMR and elemental analysis. Their physiochemical properties (thermal stability, viscosity, density, and refractive index) and CO2 solubility (at pressures 1, 5, 10, 15, and 20 bar) were investigated. The cation and alkyl chain effects on the properties and CO2 capturing efficiency were discussed. The thermodynamic functions of solvation were calculated using the variation of Henry's law constants with temperature.


Abstract Archaeological, palynological and geological studies carried out in the San Bernardo district (Sevilla) allowed us to reconstruct the changes that have taken place in vegetation and landscape relief over the areas studied. Evidence of diverse human activity in the area was also examined. These changes appear to have been influenced by frequent flooding in the area.


Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by a single stranded RNA virus originating from Wuhan China has gripped the whole world and evolved rapidly into a public health crisis. SARSCoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 is abundantly present in nasopharyngeal and salivary secretions of affected patients and is transmitted by droplets, surface contact, fecal-oral route and by aerosolization during procedures. The dental professionals are particularly at risk because of close contact with the patient and exposure to blood, saliva and droplets. Dental professionals must be fully aware of coronavirus spreading modalities, identification of patients with this infection, so present article introduces the essential knowledge about COVID-19 infection and provide recommended management protocols for dental practitioners based on relevant guidelines, research so that dental professional are better prepared to manage  asymptomatic, suspected, and confirmed COVID-19 patients.


The number density and spatial distribution of nuclei determine the kinetics, and the evolution of microstructure and texture during recrystallization. The potential nucleation sites are the high angle boundaries that exist in the deformed microstructure. These could be either the original grain boundaries prior to deformation or boundaries created due to non-uniform plastic deformation on the microscopic scale. Discontinuous subgrain growth with or without the formation of high angle boundaries may also occur during recrystallization in the presence of long range orientation gradients existing in the deformation substructure. The paper presents Monte Carlo simulation results on the evolution of substructures for each of the above nucleation mechanisms. The evolution of recrystallized grain structure from a realistic substructure obtained by modeling the deformation of fcc polycrystals at the microstructural level is presented, and shows the collective contribution of the above nucleation mechanisms during recrystallization and grain growth. The simulations capture not only the kinetics and microstructural evolution but also the evolution of texture during recrystallization.


Uniform NaTb(MoO4)2 (NTM) microcrystals with controllable morphologies were synthesized via a facile one-step hydrothermal route without employing any templates or surfactants. Diverse morphologies were achieved by manipulating the crystal growth environment; particularly, by increasing the amount of Na2MoO4, uniform and well-defined NTM microcrystals with bipyramid, truncated bipyramid, quasi-cube and thin plate shapes were achieved, and the mechanism of this variation was due to the strong electrostatic interaction between MoO42− and Tb3+/Na+. In addition, multicolor emissions (green → yellow → red) of NTM:Eu3+ phosphors were obtained by merely adjusting the Eu3+ doping content, which resulted from the efficient energy transfer (ET) from MoO42− to Tb3+ and then to Eu3+. Further research revealed that the efficient ET mechanism (Tb3+ → Eu3+) was dominated by the dipole–quadrupole interaction. It was found that the larger crystal shape/size could greatly enhance their luminescence properties, resulting from their high crystallinity and few defects on the crystal surfaces. The as-synthesized phosphors might be potentially applied in multicolor lighting and displays.


Background:  Donepezil is effective in maintaining cognitive function in patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, not all patients respond to donepezil. In the present study, we examined the short‐ and long‐term effects of donepezil on cognitive function after 2 years treatment.


Asthma is a common respiratory condition causing symptoms such as cough, chest tightness and wheezing that are triggered by factors as exercise, allergens and viral infection. Asthma is characterized by airflow limitation, airway hyper-responsiveness and bronchial inflammation.

 to identify the different phenotypes in a group of asthmatic patients; and to evaluate the role of periostin in bronchial asthma and its different cellular phenotypes and its correlation asthma severity.

 This observational cross-sectional study was conducted on 96 adult asthmatic patients. They were classified into two groups: group (A) 48 patients with severe asthma (persistent airflow limitation), group (B) 48 patients with mild to moderate asthma according to (GINA 2016) criteria attending the Allergy and Clinical Immunology outpatient clinic, Ain Shams University Hospitals. The study also included 10 healthy controls of matched age and sex group.

 sputum periostin levels in asthmatic patients are higher than its levels in healthy controls. Sputum eosinophil percentage in asthmatic patients is higher than those in healthy controls. Sputum periostin levels in patients with severe asthma were found to be higher than sputum periostin levels in patients with mild to moderate asthma. There is high positive correlation between sputum periostin and asthma severity and age and there is negative but significant correlation between sputum periostin and (FEV1) and it is found to be correlated with duration of asthma and pattern of (PFT) abnormality (higher in mixed pattern) and sputum eosinophilia.

 Sputum periostin is correlated with asthma severity and eosinophilic asthma. Periostin is considered to be an important biomarker for severe asthma and eosinophilic phenotype of asthma.


The diversity gain and efficiency of two multiantenna prototypes have been evaluated with the reverberation chamber, which represents an advantageous measurement method due to its low time consumption and its high accuracy. The relation between port balance, efficiency, correlation and diversity gain has been analysed for the two compact multiantenna prototypes: Q-dime and 4-square, following a procedure according to Figure 1. Taking into account the good behaviour of both antennas regarding correlation (rho lower than 0.1), it can be said that the apparent DG difference of 0.8 dB between both prototypes is due to the amplitude unbalanced ports: since there is a branch much worse than the other three in case of 4-square patch, only the 3 good elements will be used in the selection combining, becoming a 3times3 system. The effective DG difference between the two structures is approximately 2 dB of which 0.8 dB is due the contribution of the port unbalance. The additional 1.2 dB increase is caused by the higher losses in the antenna elements, which is in accordance with the efficiency measurements.


Acupuncture is an alternative treatment for improving sleep quality and the effectiveness is thought to be optimized with an individualized approach resembling real practice. However, existing evidence is limited by methodological shortcomings due to blinding issues, standardized measures, and diagnostic procedures. It was of the present study's interest to examine the efficacy and safety of semi-individualized acupuncture treatment on insomnia.

 Adults with DSM-5 insomnia disorder (n = 140) were randomized with 1:1 allocation to a 4-week intervention traditional acupuncture (TA) or validated non-invasive sham acupuncture (SA). The selection of acupoints was semi-individualized by the acupuncturist. As the primary outcome, the sleep efficiency (SE) by sleep diary was assessed at baseline, 1-week posttreatment, and 5-week posttreatment. Other sleep parameters derived from sleep diary, the wrist-actigraphy-derived sleep parameters, insomnia symptom severity, anxiety, and depressive symptoms, as well as the health-related quality of life, were also evaluated.

 Although linear mixed-effect model revealed both groups did not attain significant difference in sleep-diary-derived SE and other outcome measures (all P > 0.05), TA promising effect on improving insomnia symptom (within-group effect size, d = 1.13 & 1.30 at 1-week & 5-week posttreatment respectively) and also a higher proportion of subjects achieved SE ≥ 85% compared with SA (55.6% versus 36.4% at week 9, P = 0.03). Besides, subjects in TA group reported significantly greater improvement in both the total sleep time (TST) derived from sleep diary and actigraph than those in the SA group at 1-week posttreatment (difference in mean changes from baseline: sleep diary = 22.0 min, p = 0.01; actigraphy =18.8 min, P = 0.02) but not 5-week posttreatment.

 This study is the first to evaluate the effect of the TCM-theory-based individualized acupuncture on sleep using a sham-control design. A 4-week semi-individualized acupuncture is able to significantly increase total sleep time with few adverse events.

 Research Grants Council of Hong Kong, Early Career Scheme (Project no.: 25101017)


The article deals with ways and forms of expressing subjective estimation of diminutive terms of nouns in modern Karakalpak. In spite ofn some works on this theme, it remains insufficiently explored in modern Karakalpak language. One of the forms of expressing subjective estimation of diminutive terms of nouns is affixation. This study presentsn the formation of diminutive affixes of nouns– sha/ - she, shaq/ -shek, -shyq/-shik , - ek// -k inn modern Karakalpak language.n The paper first presents the characteristics of subjective evaluation and expressiveness ofn nouns. Next, the paper reviews the studies on subjective forms of the noun in Turkic linguistics. Then analysis of the diminutive suffixes of nouns inn modern Karakalpak language is given, concluding that, diminutive forms in the Karakalpak language are expressed by means of diminutive affixes. These include the affixes -sha/ - she, - shak/ - shek, - shyk/ - shik, -ek /-k and give a diminutive meaning to a person, object, animal names, etc. and create a new form.


Objectives
Human papillomavirus (HPV) causes an infection that is related to nearly 99% of cervical cancer cases. The World health organization (WHO) estimates that there is an increase of 300 million HPV carriers per year worldwide. We evaluated the knowledge on HPV-related conditions, their prevention and HPV vaccine uptake among Japanese university students.
Methods
A survey was conducted in which 679 students (225 males and 454 females; mean age: 19.8 ± 6.17) from three universities (Kochi prefecture) participated. In addition, a review of the literature on HPV vaccination and cervical cancer in south-east Asia was performed.
Results
Twelve percent of female students were vaccinated. In total, 18% of participants had accurate knowledge on HPV-related illnesses; women (76%) had high knowledge as compared with their male counterparts (46%; p<0.05). When faculty was considered, nursing and medical students had high knowledge on HPV-related conditions than those from other faculties (p<0.05). HPV vaccine uptake was positively associated with 3 'having a close person (sibling, relative, acquaintance or friend) who suffered from cervical cancer (OR: 2.18; 95% CI: 1.31-3.63; p<0.05).
Conclusion
This study showed that, despite the relatively high incidence of cervical cancer in Japan, the rate of vaccine uptake was low. Controversy regarding safety of HPV vaccines in Japan should be addressed by health policy makers to eventually allow teenagers and young adult to get immunized.


This paper gives an overview on our high-level design space exploration methodology and demonstrates its application in terms of an example from speech processing domain, the GSM full rate speech transcoder. In our approach, design space exploration is completely performed on high levels of abstraction. For this, design steps of lower levels (in particular the expensive tasks of logic and layout synthesis) have to be performed only once for the design identified for most suitable within the design space exploration process. Joachim Gerlach, firstname.lastname@example.com, Wolfgang Rosenstiel firstname.lastname@example.com Figure 1. Abstraction level and optimization potential. design space ab st ra ct io n le ve l layout level algorithmic level register-transfer level logic level optimization potential


To the Editor: The authors were impressed by the findings published by Heisel et al. regarding normative exophthalmometry values among 296 Ethiopian adults using the Hertel exophthalmometer, which is, unfortunately, an instrument prone to design flaws. By contrast, the authors contend that the Luedde proptometer would have been safer, easier to use, and noninferior in measuring and monitoring proptosis among these Ethiopian ethnic groups. The Hertel proptometer is a relatively bulky and difficultto-use instrument when compared with the Luedde proptometer. While the Hertel instrument offers the ability to measure proptosis of OU simultaneously, measurements taken viewing the nonilluminated environment of the Hertel mirrors and graticule often produce inaccurate readings. Further measurement problems arise if the footplates of the device are not positioned at the level of Whitnall's tubercle in a symmetrical fashion on the orbital rims. If patients have hyperglobus or hypoglobus, the Hertel assessment may be rendered invalid. Cole et al. further discussed the poor reliability of the Hertel instrument in serial measurements. This arises because all distance measurements between a patient's 2 lateral orbital rims must be identical to validate subsequent readings. The use of the Hertel instrument assumes that the practitioner will use the preset interorbital distance of the Hertel placed exactly at the original reference points located at the lateral orbital margins. In practice, this interorbital distance is likely to vary substantially between consecutive measurements and between practitioners. This concerning notion is discussed below, in a clinical study carried out recently at Prince of Wales Hospital in Sydney by the Authors, on a small cohort of notionally expert observers. Additionally, if the anteroposterior distance between the lateral orbital rim and corneal apex is not 20 mm, then parallax error using the mirrors of the Hertel may result in gross measurement inaccuracy when assessing proptosis in OU simultaneously. In Heisel et al.'s publication, this distance differed markedly from the mean of the study population. Further emphasizing the Rujittika Mungmunpuntipantip, Ph.D. Viroj Wiwanitkit, M.D.


The article investigates the theoretical and practical aspects of the main parameters of state and self-government structures, its interaction in the process of formation and development of the state, its separation from society. The authors make a general description of the state, local government, social sphere. Attention is paid to the issues of relations between local self-government and institutions of the state, society, institutions of human and citizen' rights and freedoms. The objective factors of the relationship between the state and self-government principles are considered, including the degree of socio-economic maturity of society, the ratio and arrangement of social groups. An attempt to determine the role of the individual in the implementation of the harmonization of human and citizen rights and freedoms with the interests of the state and society has been made there.


According to a landmark 2011 study by the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), about one-third of all the food produced in the world is lost or wasted at some point in the food supply chain (FAO, 2011). Although the specific amount of food loss and waste varies based on commodity type, geographic location, and stage of the supply chain, this level of inefficiency has significant impacts on the economy, human well-being, and the environment. Therefore, food loss and waste reduction should be as an opportunity to save money and improve efficiency within businesses, redirect food to those who need it, and reduce environmental impacts. What Is Food Loss and Waste and Why Does It Matter?


Sir—Our study demonstrates that the evolution of liver disease in HIV-infected patients is influenced by the baseline CD4 cell count and the hepatitis C virus (HCV) load [1]. Immune reconstitution induced by therapy was not an independent factor associated with a higher fibrosis progression rate (FPR). In a letter written in response to our article [2], 2 questions about the methods refer to the FPR as the measure of evolution of liver disease. The first question relates to the differences in FPR as a function of the period of evolution of HCV infection. We believe that the influence of other covariables putatively implicated in FPR (e.g., age at infection, alcohol consumption, and HCV load) cannot be excluded with confidence without a multivariate analysis, as was performed in our study. Second, it could certainly be argued that, as a test, FPR is not sufficiently sensitive to reflect changes occurring over a relatively short period (36 months); however, it was sensitive enough to prove that immune reconstitution induced by HAART was associated with a lower prevalence of liver cirrhosis, although (again, using multiple linear regression) that immune recovery has an independent effect could be discounted. Both aspects are related to the research design; our study was crosssectional and lacked the perspective gained by use of a large cohort. The main point for discussion is the relative importance of the effect of CD4 cell count on FPR and the effect of HCVinduced liver disease on CD4 cell count evolution. Our study was not designed to analyze the differences in CD4 T cell count evolution as a function of the presence of HCV coinfection, and, thus, our results cannot identify definitively whether HIV is the horse or the cart. Greub et al. [3] have presented data supporting the view that HCV infection may blunt immune recovery. However, our patients showed a notable recovery of CD4 cell count after a follow-up period of 36 months, with a median increase of 225 cells/mL. In addition, we have now calculated an index for measuring the increase in CD4 cell count to analyze the relationship between the robustness of the CD4 cell count increase induced by HAART and the severity of the liver disease: 100 [(CD4 cell count at liver biopsy CD4 cell count at HIV diagnosis)/CD4 cell count at HIV diagnosis]. When patients are classified into 2 groups, those with fibrosis of stages 0 or 1 and those with fibrosis of stage 2 or higher, this index is similar in both groups: the mean index ( SD) is for 424% 328% the first group and for the 406% 116% second group ( ). On the other P p 1.000 hand, the index of CD4 cell count increase is significantly higher among patients with HIV load suppression ( ) than n p 32 among those without HIV virological response to treatment ( ) (mean index n p 9 [ SD], vs. , 448% 179% 25% 15% respectively; ). Thus, our results P p .026 differ from those of the Swiss cohort [3] and are similar to those of Sulkowski et al. [4], Chung et al. [5], and Tebaldi et al. [6], who did not detect evidence that HCV infection substantially alters the probability that a patient will respond immunologically to HAART, after accounting for differences in its administration and effectiveness.


The Texas Migrant Education Program (MEP) enrolls approximately 31,000 eligible migrant students out of a total Texas public school enrollment of approximately 5,000,000 students. The state's migrant program is the fourth largest in the country and is administered at the local level through local educational agencie


Background and Aim: Odontogenic tumors are heterogeneous group of lesions originating from odontogenic apparatus and their remnants. Although their etiopathogenesis remains unclear, some advances have been accomplished in understanding the role of their enamel-related proteins. Amelogenin is the major structural enamel matrix protein involved in the development of odontogenic epithelium. Osteopontin is a multifunctional biomarker that affects cell survival, migration, calcification inhibition, and immune cell function modulation. The study aimed to assess the immunoexpression of both biomarkers in different odontogenic lesions. Material and Methods: Forty-eight paraffin-embedded blocks of odontogenic tumors and cysts were involved including multicystic ameloblastoma (n=10), unicystic ameloblastoma (n=9), dentigerous cyst (n=11), odontogenic keratocysts (n=7), and radicular cyst (n=8). Quantitative immunohistochemical analysis for amelogenin and osteopontin were recorded with index of positivity. The results were statistically analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis test and Spearman's coefficient rank correlation analysis. Results: Positive immunoreaction for amelogenin was demonstrated in both control and dentigerous cyst groups while unnoticeable expression was detected in other studied groups. Regarding osteopontin, positivity was detected in ameloblastomas and some examined cysts. Highly statistically significant differences between both biomarkers were revealed in all tested groups (p < 0.001). Spearman's rank analysis reported negative correlation between both biomarkers with highly significant values (p < 0.0001). Conclusion: Amelogenin can be a promising predictor for the biological behavior of odontogenic lesions and pro-invasive factor osteopontin can predict neoplastic potential and high probability of recurrence.