Hydrolase-catalyzed kinetic resolution is a well-established biocatalytic process. However, the computational tools that predict the favorable enzyme scaffolds for separating racemic substrate mixture are underdeveloped. To address this challenge, we...


Background:
 Previously our research findings revealed that low heart rate variability, a measure of autonomic imbalance, is associated with increased incidence of coronary heart disease (CHD) and heart failure (HF) in a cohort of post-menopausal women. Since CHD is strongly associated with HF, we investigated the effect of CHD on relationship of HRV and HF subtypes, i.e., heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), in post-menopausal women.

 Methods:
 Total of 28,603 post-menopausal women free of baseline CHD, HF and cardiac arrhythmias enrolled in Women's Health Initiative (WHI) study, were followed for incident hospitalized CHD, HF and its subtypes (HFrEF vs HFpEF). Using multivariate cox proportional hazard model, we estimated the association of above outcomes with baseline quartiles of HRV measures; SDNN (standard deviation of normal-to-normal RR interval) and RMSSD (root mean square of successive difference of RR interval) produced by 10-second twelve-lead ECG on enrollment. We then evaluated the relationship between HRV and HF subtypes stratified by incident CHD.

 Results:
 A total of 2279 incident CHD and 1562 incident HF events occurred during a median follow-up duration of 17.5 years. After adjusting for incident CHD in a multivariate cox proportional model, association of low SDNN and RMSSD with incident HF remained significant (SDNN HR 1.19, CI 1.05 - 1.35; RMSSD HR 1.13 (1.00 - 1.29). However, in stratified analysis low SDNN was associated with increased incidence of HFpEF only among participants without incident CHD (HR 1.29, CI 1.05 - 1.58) and not in those with incident CHD (HR 1.06, CI 0.77 - 1.47). Whereas low SDNN was associated with increased incidence of HFrEF only among participants with incident CHD (HR 1.44. CI 1.05 - 1.98) and not in those without incident CHD (HR 1.18, CI 0.87 - 1.61).

 Conclusion:
 Post-menopausal women with low HRV who develop CHD have an increased risk of HFrEF while those who don't develop CHD have an increased risk of HFpEF. The relationship between autonomic imbalance and HF subtypes is dependent on CHD status.


This paper presents a nonlinear finite element model for a push-out specimen to study on the shear mechanical behaviour of stud connectors. ABAQUS was used to build the numerical models of push-out specimens, in which material nonlinearity of concrete and stud was considered. The calculated results for the push-out specimens were compared with the experimental results for verification. The nonlinear finiteelement models after verification can provide a good estimate of the mechanical behaviour of the stud connectors in the push-out tests. An extensive parametric study was conducted to analyse the effects of different concrete strengths, stud diameters and applied tensile forces to the shear behaviour of the stud connectors. The shear resistance of the stud connector increases as the stud diameter and concrete strength increases, and the stud diameter has a greater effect than concrete strength; the shear resistance of stud connector under combined forces decreases as the applied tensile force increases.


This comparative study investigates the effect of user involvement in classroom work on mental health students' learning while undertaking the Diploma in Higher Education and Nursing programme. Recent policy recommendations suggest there should be user involvement in all aspects of the nursing curriculum. However, there appears to be a dearth of literature evaluating the outcomes of this on student learning. In this study, triangulation of methods was utilised; this consisted of classroom observation, student questionnaires and focus group discussion to evaluate the user involvement. A user-centred measurement tool was developed from earlier work that provided a measure on three dimensions: the use of terminology and jargon, empathetic understanding, and an individualised approach when identifying and responding to clients' needs. The outcomes indicated that students who were given an experience of user involvement in classroom work differed from those in the same cohort who had not been exposed to similar user input - they were less likely to rely on the use of professional terminology and jargon, more able to empathise with clients' distressing experiences, less likely to use defensive 'distancing' and more likely to take an individualised approach to assessment and intervention. This supported the intended aims of the project: that user involvement would enable students to take a more user-centred approach to mental health assessment.


We investigate the interplay of Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interactions and an external field in spin-$1∕2$ dimers. For isolated dimers and at low field, we derive simple expressions for the staggered and uniform magnetizations which show that the orientation of the uniform magnetization can deviate significantly from that of the external field. In fact, in the limit where the $\mathbf{D}$ vector of the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction is parallel to the external field, the uniform magnetization actually becomes perpendicular to the field. For larger fields, we show that the staggered magnetization of an isolated dimer has a maximum close to one-half the polarization, with a large maximal value of $0.35g{\ensuremath{\mu}}_{B}$ in the limit of very small Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction. We investigate the effect of interdimer coupling in the context of ladders with density-matrix renormalization-group (DMRG) calculations and show that, as long as the values of the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction and of the exchange interaction are compatible with respect to the development of a staggered magnetization, the simple picture that emerges for isolated dimers is also valid for weakly coupled dimers with minor modifications. The results are compared with torque measurements on ${\mathrm{Cu}}_{2}{({\mathrm{C}}_{5}{\mathrm{H}}_{12}{\mathrm{N}}_{2})}_{2}{\mathrm{Cl}}_{4}$.


The author briefly describes a new asphaltic concrete: "Compo 2020" containing a modified binder consisting of 80% aromatic petroleum asphalt and 20% of a polyvinylchloride waste product. Details are given of the preparation of the binder, sources of pvc waste products, sources of aromatic petroleum asphalt and the price of one ton of this mixture is compared with that of copolymer bitumens. The fields of application of the mixture are mentioned with some sites where the latter has been used. (TRRL)


In this paper, two types of DC-DC converters with modified structures and different control methods for generating AC output voltage are proposed. In the modified cascaded dual buck inverter, absence of split capacitors leads to increased reliability of the inverter. Also, a new structure is proposed for integrated dual buck-boost inverter. The proposed inverters are capable of obtaining maximum power from solar cells by themselves. To evaluate operations of the proposed inverters, they have been modeled and simulated in PSCAD/EMTDC for different modulation indexes. Simulation results confirm validity and effectiveness of the proposed inverters.


China–Myanmar oil and gas pipelines in Southwest China guarantee the energy security of China. Due to poor geographical circumstances, the safety of pipelines is seriously threatened by natural disasters. Therefore, there is a crucial, practical significance to establishing a model of leakage and diffusion of crude oil in the mountainous terrain and to conduct related applied studies. In the present study, computational fluid dynamic simulations of the dynamic diffusion process of leaking contaminants on the mountain surface was performed; the influence of the pipe pressure, landform, surface environment and leakage location on diffusion speed and range were discussed carefully. The results indicate that the variation of topographic altitude determines the path of leaking contaminants. Accordingly, an improved algorithm based on the SFD8 algorithm to predict the path of leaking contaminants at a low leakage rate was proposed; this would be instructive for an emergency response to ensure the safety of pipelines.


The uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) is an essential input parameter of the Hoek & Brown failure criterion to represent the shear strength of rock masses, which is frequently used for slope stability analysis in the mining industry. This paper presents the use of the field estimated strength (FES) as a way to estimate the UCS, which is not a new idea but rather a regular practice applied by consultants and internal engineers within BHP Iron Ore for the last 20 years. However, the paper puts emphasis on the practical limitations related to the FES calibration by spot sampling, the bias effects caused by 'length-weighted' calculations due to the skewness distribution on FES and presents a logarithmic transformation on FES as a manner to test similarity of typical values. The paper concludes presenting typical values as defined by statistical similarity 'hypothesis testing' on FES data of the same stratigraphical rock units across different locations in the Pilbara.


1. Rationality as maximization of self-interest Atthebeginningeverythingseemedsimple.Allrationalbeingsareselfish,sincetheytendtomaximizethesubjectiveutilitiesoftheconsequences oftheirownactions.Peoplearerational,thustheyfollowmaximizationrules.Therules,however,varydependinguponthetypeofdecisionmaking.In thispaper,wewilllimitourselvestodecisionsmadeunderuncertainty,that is,decisionsingamesituations.Someimplicationsofthepaperdoapplyto other typesof decision makingaswell. Intermsofgametheory,anyinterdependencesituationcanbecharacterizedby:thenumberofplayersinvolved,thenumberofactions(strategies) available to each player, the outcomes resulting from all possible combinations ofactions,andeach player's preferencesover alloutcomes.Outcomes are meant here as any action consequences that are of a (positive or negative) value to a person, be it money, other material possessions, power, status,socialapproval,etc.Itisassumedthateveryindividualisarational, selfish being in the sense that he/she maximizes his/her own interest. In other words, facing a choice between two or more actions, every player is thoughttochoosethatactionwhoseconsequencesareofthehighestsubjective value to him/her.Sincepeople are interdependent,what is rational to them depends upon how the individual preferences of the involved parties are related to one another: whether, and if so, to whatextentand in what way, they areconflicting.


Introduction: Prosthetic methods of treatment are of prime importance in complex treatment and rehabilitation in patients with maxillary resection. Aim: the aim of this clinical case description is to present the prosthetic rehabilitation with post-resection partial prosthesis in a patient with maxillary resection and the possibility for restoration of occlusal relationships. Material and methods: The described clinical case follows the prosthetic rehabilitation of a 62-year old patient, operated on the occasion of osteoblastoclastoma of the upper jaw. The treatment plan included closing of the passage defect in the traditional way, by fabricating a post-resection prosthesis from Meliodent HCa heat-polymerizing acrylic plastic with low residual monomer content. For objectifying and assessing the achieved occlusion-articulation relationships, a computerized occlusal analysis was performed with the T-SCAN 8 system. Results: The results of the conducted prosthetic rehabilitation showed good retention and stability of the prosthesis. Optimal defect hermetization was achieved, with a stable barrier between the oral and the nasal cavity, which helped to restore speech and masticatory function and facilitate swallowing. Conclusions: Prosthetic rehabilitation methods for patients with maxillary defects ensure successful recovery of occlusal relationships.


A critical factor for economical design of offshore Arctic pipelines is the burial depth requirement to protect the pipeline from ice-gouge hazards. The current methodology to determine pipeline strain demand due to ice-gouge hazards is based on Winkler type soil-spring structural models. Due to necessary simplifications and lack of full scale verification data, this empirical method can be overly conservative and may lead to unrealistic burial depth requirements. This paper presents an advanced 3D continuum modeling approach as an alternative to the current empirical methodology. These advanced models provide more realistic simulation capability for modeling the ice-gouging process, can provide more accurate estimates for pipeline strain demand and can potentially reduce the required burial depths and costs. Continuum models, once validated using large scale field tests, can be used to advance the reliability and cost effectiveness of design for offshore pipelines subjected to ice-gouging.


Abstract. Emergent manufacturing demands for superior performance but lightweight structures have pinpointed the development of multi-material and hybrid structures specifically in the aerospace and automotive industrial sectors. Friction stir welding (FSW), a solid-state joining technique has been proven very effective to produce joints between materials possessing extremely diverse thermal and mechanical properties. The present research aims to investigate the feasibility of Al-Ti skin-stringer joints with different plate geometries and placements. The effect of different approaches on material flow, grain morphology, intermittent phases, joint resistance, and microhardness are discussed in depth.


Miscible non-reactive flow displacements in homogeneous porous media and involving time-dependent sinusoidal injection velocities are modeled. The displacements are examined through full non-linear simulations using the highly accurate Hartley based pseudo-spectral methods. It is found that for the same net injection flow rate, time-dependent sinusoidal flows can actually be more or less unstable than their constant injection velocity counterpart. The effects of three parameters that characterize the sinusoidal profile, namely the amplitude (), the frequency () and the phase () were analyzed. It was found that all these parameters affect the flow and result in important changes in the flow structures as well as the breakthrough time, when compared with the constant injection displacement velocity. It was however also found that only the amplitude seems to result in changes in the number of fingers while both the frequency and phase do not affect the number of fingers. These changes in the flow dynamics can be used to control the degree of mixing between the two fluids and to optimize a variety of flow displacements in porous media.


Moroccan Mediterranean coast is tending to become overused due to urbanization, industrial, fishing and leisure activities; thus, the sea is the final receptacle for nuisances developed. Ecological assessment of aquatic systems using biological indicators has been frequently used to assess water quality. Benthic populations are good indicators of the state of their environment because of their sedentary lifestyle and the diversity of their quick responses to different sources of disturbance. Biological tests on sea urchins are widely used to assess contaminants in sediment and effects on health status. Their sensitivity is manifested by disturbances in the reproductive cycle, fertility and larval development. The main objective of this study is to contribute to the evaluation of quality of West Moroccan Mediterranean coast by studying benthic population's organization and calculation of biological indices first, then studying sediment toxicity using embryotoxicity bioassay on sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus. Results of the evaluation of the environment impact and toxicity of sediments of West Moroccan Mediterranean coast showed that with the exception of a few stations which are of good quality, the ecological status and the quality of the sediments tested range from moderate to poor.


We chose this topic because the stories told about Shanfara do not always agree with his poems, but are closer to being a picture of the popular legends that abounded about the heroes of the pre-Islamic era than being some true news, but there are several narrations that shed light on this fact that Shanfara grew up outside his people, as he moved or was transferred as a young boy to the other people, namely Banu Shabana b. Fahm, then he moved or transferred from them to Banu Salāmān b. Mufarrij, who were from the tribe of 'Azd, and that his life in this mobility was not the life of pride that was enjoyed by the sons of the tribe and clan, but rather the life of intruders on the people, so he declared his revolution against the tribe and left them to the other people who were more honorable than them, the people who were not human, but were the beasts that he found to them what he lacked among his people. Hence, he chose the direction to the tramp, and cutting off the road. The aim of this study is to defend the existence of pre-Islamic poetry and respond to those who doubt the validity of the ratio of pre-Islamic poetry before Islam. The method used in this study is the historical descriptive method, which depends on the narrations of the narrators and the interpretation of heretical literary texts, which is always being useful in studying such topics.


Higher education institutions are intended to meet modern days' requirements, based on with scientific elements, initiators and models for other social settlements and expected to have required culture knowledge and climate, with gender equality. However, gender inequality continues to exist as a subject that shows itself in the education system in a common and prominent way and stands out globally. This study aims to investigate the social gender inequality in higher education system of Turkey in terms of academic signs horizontally and vertically. The population of the study is limited to 109 state universities, 84 foundation universities and eight foundational vocational school of higher education, which are the three types of educational institutions in Turkey. Rather than sampling, it aims to reach all the population, and the data is obtained from YOK statistics from the 2014-2015 educational years. Supplementary data were obtained from OSYM, TUSİAD and YOK. After the analysis of these data, it is understood that rate of women's graduation and participation and the rate of participation in the workforce and academia are low. In addition, higher education statistics in Turkey reveals the increase level on social gender inequality in terms of the participation in authority/judgment department, assignment in administration process and preferences in academic discipline fields.


Swedish architects Erik and Tore Ahlsen (1901- 1988) (1906-1991) research the architectural significance of the facade, the understanding of its rules, and the ability to express aesthetic emotion. Their constant obsession is the abstract and geometric character of the facade cladding. The abstraction in the decoration, the role of the ornamentation, the figuration and its geometric movement in the murals is exemplified in the urban center of Arsta (1947-1953) and is abstractly developed in the stratified facade of the Civic Centre in Orebro (1957-1965). The facades must respond to their public dimension and brothers Erik and Tore Ahlsen will apply mural art to the urban center of Arsta to give character to the architecture it represents. In Arsta, turning to colored abstraction is the antidote to the linguistic harshness of the environment. In Orebro, the intention of these brothers was not to create a beautiful facade, but rather their architecture responded to the expressive need of its content. From the documentary materials belonging to the Swedish architects, the research analyses the systematic exploration for the facade cladding of the architectural object, from the abstract figuration that serves as a back drop for the dynamic civic life of the urban center of Arsta to the stratigraphic treatment of the Civic Centre in Orebro. DOI: https://doi.org/10.20365/disegnarecon.24.2020.9


Acknowledgements Introduction Part 1: A Corporate Environment in Transition? 1. Socially Responsible Business: Global Trends 2. Social Responsibility as a Professional Virtue: Law, Bourdieu, and Community 3. Environmental Results: Corporations, Financial Markets and Environmental Sustainability Part 2: Case Studies and the Philanthropic Paradox 4. Community Voices: A National Initiative to Improve the Health of Underserved Communities 5. Working Together: Corporate and Community Development 6. Latino Nonprofits: The Role of Intermediaries in Organizational Capacity Building 7. Spending Policies for Foundations: The Case for Increased Grants Payout Part 3: Ideas and Information/Power and Access 8. The Digital Divide: Communities and Technology 9. The Media and Social Responsibility: Building Public Will for Change 10. The Future for Economically Distressed Community-Higher Education Partnerships Conclusion About the Authors


The invention relates to a method confectionery manufacturing BASED a polyol, the type in which a mixture of POLIOL smelted and additives Dropwise POUR ON A STAND IN crystallizes by cooling. According to the invention, the support surface (23) on which makes pouring the mixture of POLIOL FADE, is covered with a bed (25) CRYSTALS said polyol forming crystallization nuclei MIX.


ABSTRACT A method of diagnosis of corroded reinforced concrete elements is proposed. In a first step, the corrosion state of the reinforcement is estimated from a simple visual observation of concrete cover cracking due to corrosion, via an empirical model connecting the degree of corrosion to the crack width. The distribution of this corrosion is then introduced in a mechanical model of corroded reinforced concrete behavior, which takes into account the effects of corrosion. This methodology of diagnosis thus allows to predict the mechanical behavior of a damaged reinforced concrete element.


Purpose: To detect T. gondii DNA and specific antibodies in lens aspirates (LA) and peripheral blood leucocytes (PBL) of congenital cataract patients. Methods: ELISA for T. gondii antibodies on sera nPCR for T. gondii DNA (B1 gene) on LA and PBL were performed for 52 patients. Results: T. gondii DNA was detected in 29 (55.8%) of the 52 patients (LA-14, PBL-13, LA and PBL-2, and specific IgM in 2 sera). nPCR in PBL was more sensitive than ELISA (p < 0.005). Conclusion: nPCR is a sensitive technique to detect T. gondii from LA and PBL in congenital cataract patients.


Background: Amyloid-β (Aβ) is found in circulation and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), predominantly associated with lipoproteins. However, in a lipid environment it is possible that a masking of Aβ epitopes and/or an altered conformation of Aβ leads to an underestimation of Aβ concentrations. Methods: We generated lipoprotein-like lipid emulsions containing a known amount of Aβ and compared immunoreactivity with an equimolar amount of Aβ solubilized in an aqueous medium. Results: We found that Aβ exists primarily as a dimer and a monomer within an aqueous and lipid environment, respectively. We also showed that lipids bind tightly to Aβ, blocking detection of the monomeric form and substantially attenuating detection of the dimeric form of the protein. Conclusion: It is possible that studies that have quantified the concentration of Aβ in plasma and CSF may have significantly underestimated the pool of lipoprotein-bound Aβ.


This paper presents, for the first time, high-Q bulk acoustic wave (BAW) modes in disk resonators fabricated using deep reactive ion etching (DRIE) of custom-made 100μm-thick 4H-single crystal silicon carbide-on-insulator (SiCOI) substrates. With SiC exhibiting the lowest intrinsic Akhiezer loss among all common resonator materials (Akhiezer f·Q=6.6×1014Hz), bonded SiCOI substrates are ideal to demonstrate resonant BAW gyroscopes with ultra-high mechanical Q-factors while operating in harsh environments. Front-side perforations, introduced for release purposes in the SiC layer, define the as-fabricated frequency split (Δf=215Hz) of the secondary elliptical modes (m=3) and its Q-factor (Q=170k at 843kHz), which is the highest reported for SiC disk resonators.


For decades the standard procedure for obtaining diatomic p otential curves from spectroscopic data involved fitting th e data to expressions for the vibrational energy Gυ and rotational constant Bυ as functions of the vibrational quantum number υ, and then employing the RKR method to compute potential curves from these. Within th e first-order semiclassical formalism of RKR, this "inversi on" procedure is exact. However, the resulting potentials are limited in t heir quantum mechanical reliability, as has been demonstra ted frequently by using the numerical Numerov method to compute the quantal pr operties of the potentials and comparing these with the star ting spectroscopic information. A particularly troubling region is the r pulsive wall of the potential near dissociation, where RK R curves often show unphysical wiggles and flares. Such behavior has generally b een attributed to limitations inherent in the Gυ/Bυ-to-potential construct; by extension, such limitations are similarly responsible f or some of the RKR-quantal disparities in other regions of th e potential.


Monodisperse silica microspheres with average diameters from 1 μm to 2 μm were synthesized by a modified Stober method, in which an ethanolic solution of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) was continuously supplied to the reaction mixture containing KCl electrolyte, water, ethanol and ammonia. The effects of reactant amounts, supply rate, and reaction temperature on the microsphere morphology were investigated. After surface modification with octadecyl trichlorosilane, the obtained monodisperse C18-silica microspheres with an average diameter of 1.5 μm were applied to ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) separation of fullerenes. Because of having a smaller size, the 1.5 μm monodisperse C18-silica UPLC stationary phase shows ultra high efficiency compared with the commercial C18-silica HPLC stationary phase with average diameters from 5 to 50 μm.


The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between instructional leadership and selected school-level characteristics essential to the development of successful schools. Data were collected from a random sample of teachers (n=624) and subjected to multiple regression analysis. This study found that statistically significant positive relationships existed between instructional leadership behaviors of school principals and the selected characteristics: teacher commitment, professional involvement, and innovativeness (p<.0005). Also, the researcher developed "best fitting" models of instructional leadership that account for variance of each characteristic. Models for professional involvement and innovativeness vary with school type (elementary or high). Results of this study reinforce the validity of instructional leadership and suggest that particular instructional leadership behaviours contribute to school characteristics that facilitate school improvement.


This study examined the effectiveness of a year long application of the Schoolwide Enrichment Model in eleven schools. Subjects consisted of 1,698 elementary grade students, 236 teachers, 120 parents, and 10 principals. Data analysis revealed positive changes in student and teacher attitudes. Student creative products were numerous and exceeded the norm of typical student creative output. Most notable among qualitative data analysis were: remarkably favorable changes in attitudes toward education of the gifted on the part of classroom teachers and the general student population, large increases in student centered enrichment activities and work on self-selected interests, greater cooperation between classroom teachers and gifted education specialists, and more favorable attitudes toward special programming on the part of parents.


0884-6812/21/4302-0044/$18.00/0 © Science Printers and Publishers, Inc. Analytical and Quantitative Cytopathology and Histopathology® OBJECTIVE: Many high-grade serous ovarian carcinomas are thought to originate from fallopian tube epithelium. Karyometry detects chromatin abnormalities at the nuclear level using high-resolution computer imaging analyses. This study hypothesizes that karyometry can detect nuclear abnormalities of fallopian tube epithelium in women at high risk as compared to low risk for ovarian cancer. STUDY DESIGN: Fallopian tube tissue from 8 women carrying BRCA1 or BRCA2 alterations (high risk) and 7 women at normal risk were obtained from the tissue bank at NorthShore University HealthSystem. Tissues were fixed, paraffin embedded, sectioned, and stained, followed by high-resolution imaging and karyometric analysis. RESULTS: The distribution of nuclear features and nuclear signatures in tubes from women at high risk showed a distinct deviation from that of normal risk cases. The two most segregating features in the discriminant function scores (pixel optical density heterogeneity Karyometry Identifies a Distinguishing Fallopian Tube Epithelium Phenotype in Subjects at High Risk for Ovarian Cancer


In order to improve the development of fields at a later stage, this article considered the use of water-gas repression together with the dissolved gas energy. The theoretical basis of the study is based on the application of the method of physical modeling of oil displacement by water. As a result, it was found that waterflooding would be more effective when such an activity is carried out in the early stages of development. Waterflooding can also be effective in old, depleted fields with shallow depths of oil-bearing horizons. The article states that in flooded deposits, where the reservoir pressure did not drop below the bubble point pressure, it is advisable to reduce the reservoir pressure to the bubble point pressure (to carry out forced withdrawal). After that, water injection should be resumed with 30-50% compensation. It has been established that in order to increase the efficiency of the development of fields developed in the dissolved gas mode, waterflooding must be started at a reservoir pressure that is 30–70% less than the bubble point pressure. The best option for the development of such deposits is the presence of active edge waters. If they are absent, it is advisable to end water in the aquifer with compensation of withdrawals from 20 to 40% after the start of gas extraction from oil.


Located on the body as distinguished from the headstock of an instrument such as a guitar is a combined bridge, string lock and fine tuner. The upper end of each string is attached to the headstock. The lower end is fixed to a ratchet thumbwheel rotatable on a transverse axle mounted in a body fixed to the instrument. By turning the ratchet wheel a rough adjustment of string tension is made. A fine tuning knob controls the pawl of the ratchet for precise turning of the ratchet wheel. A slide is longitudinally adjustable in a groove in the upper end of the body. A screw is threaded into the slider and formed with a slot for the string. The screw stops the vibrating length of string.


To investigate the dual effect of physical activity and fibre intake on body composition parameters in males and females. This study hypothesises that the relationship between body composition parameters and fibre intake is dependent on physical activity and gender.

 This study included 8958 individuals (5438 males and 3520 females) from the Airwave Health Monitoring Study, which uses the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) to categorise Physical Activity Levels (PAL) into low (PAL 1.4), medium (PAL 1.6) and high (PAL 1.8)1,2. Dietary fibre intake was measured by 7-day food records3. The effect of physical activity and fibre consumption on four body composition parameters: BMI, body weight, waist circumference and body fat% was investigated using ANOVA with Bonferroni correction.

 There were significantly lower values for all tested body composition parameters in the highly physically active group (PAL 1.8; n = 4464) compared to the least physically active group (PAL 1.4; n = 1388) after adjustment for age, gender and energy intake. PAL 1.8 participants were categorised into quartiles of dietary fibre intake. After adjusting for age, gender, energy intake and total Mets (amount of energy expended carrying out physical activity), we found that those with the highest daily fibre consumption (³13g/ 1000 kcal; n = 1136) had a mean of 0.5 kg/m2 (BMI; SE = 0.2, p = 0.014), 1.1kg (body weight; SE = 0.8, p = 0.059), 2.4 cm (waist circumference; SE = 0.6, p < 0.001) and 1.6% (Body Fat%; SE = 0.4, p < 0.001) lower than those with lowest fibre consumption (≤6.1 g/1000 kcal, n = 1088) (table2). When separate gender analysis was conducted, the difference in the four measurements between the groups with highest and lowest fibre intake was significant in males only (BMI: 0.9 kg/m2; SE = 0.2, p < 0.001, body weight: 2.4 kg; SE = 0.9, p = 0.002, waist circumference: 3.1cm; SE = 0.7, p < 0.001, body fat%: 2.3%; SE = 0.4, p < 0.001).

 The present study is the first to examine the impact of dietary fibre intake on body composition measures in physically active adults. The study shows that dietary fibre consumption is capable of improving body composition in physically active individuals, however, this effect was driven by changes in males.

 Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK.


This article points out the shortcomings of the old remotely controlled robot system and the advantages of the new telerobotic control system based on the remote network technology (Internet technology). Finally, an architecture of telerobotic system using this technology is proposed and its functions are listed.


The objective of this study is to explore the level of reliance of business processes on technologies for growth and sustainability of Saudi entrepreneurship. The technological business environment has pressed the entrepreneurs to adopt the information systems to overcome operating deficiencies, including high costs, small production cycles, dormant business process and scare financial resources. The future growth and sustainability of the Saudi entrepreneurship are depending on the adoption and integration of information systems allowing to facilitate the trade processes across functional units, use of a standatized database and information sahring. Obtained data support the technological reform that claims that business technology will enable the decision-making process to be timely, consistent and reliable across organizational units and geographical locations. The data collected through online surveys with thirty-one Saudi entrepreneurs revealed the barriers faced by the entrepreneurship, and allowed to summarize provided recommendations. The analysis indicated that the growth and sustainability of the enterprise are subject to adoption of technology oriented business process lead by information systems in the organizations. The outcome of the study is further recommendation to educate and spread the awareness about the implementation of information systems to address the electronic business process. The study will help to organize, assess and improve business processes in order to meet the new requirements set by competition among entrepreneurial companies.


During the design of mixed-use buildings, developers typically have a general idea about the types of commercial tenants that will be in the building. However, those ideas can change after the building has been designed or built, and can range from an office space to retail to a fitness center to a restaurant with live music. This presents a challenge for noise control design to limit noise in residences located above the commercial spaces. Although some noise mitigation measures can be included as part of tenant improvements, the result may be limited by the building base structure decided upon when some commercial uses had not been originally considered. This paper discusses a menu of noise control design options for mixed-use buildings to separate commercial and residential spaces so a developer can make informed decisions about what types of commercial tenants to allow, core and shell constructions, costs of potential tenant improvements, and which options provide the most flexibility.


The French Rural Communist Electorate One of the original characteristics of French communism has been its durable strength in some rural areas ever since its foundation at the 1920 Congres de Tours. Over the past six decades, the Communists have found strong support not only in certain urban industrial areas, but in some of the more rural and backward areas of the country as well. The Communist party's implantation in the countryside-both in terms of militants and voters-has been concentrated among a number of departments along the northern and western edge of the Massif Central, and along the Mediterranean littoral. The first time the Communists were up for national office-in 1924-they scored best not in an urban department but in the overwhelmingly rural Lot-et-Garonne (southeast of Bordeaux) where they gathered over 30 percent of the valid votes cast. Seven of the seventeen departments in which support was strongest were predominantly rural. By 1936, the party's strength in rural areas had increased notably. The Communists received over 20 percent of the vote in fifteen departments; in eight of these a higher percentage of the active population worked in agriculture rather than industry, and in three of the party's top bastions over 60 percent of the male work force was engaged in agricultural activities. During the interwar years it is estimated that I5 percent of the party's members belonged to agricultural professions. Why have the Communists done so well (and continued to do so in the i98os during a period of vertiginous electoral decline) in rural departments which hardly correspond, from a sociological perspective, to the image one has of the parti de la classe ouvriere?1


It is significative for understanding the mechanism of pressure desensitization of emulsion explosive to study the anti-shockwave performance of emulsion matrix. A certain quantity of glass microballoons (GMB) is mixed with emulsion matrix after it was subjected by shockwave, and its explosive property is compared with that of emulsion explosive bearing the same quantity of GMB and subjected by shockwaves too. It shows that the anti-shockwave performance of emulsion matrix is better than that of emulsion explosives. The analysis results indicate that there are many tiny interfaces in the explosive when sensitizers mixed with emulsion matrix, and the matrix nearby interfaces is broken easily when subjected by shock waves, thus the explosive property decreases accordingly.


The S-type granitoids, described as syncollisional in the literature, are now interpretated as late collisional. The generation of these granitoids is related to the partial melting (anatexis) of metasedimentary rocks. Their emplacement was controled by ductile shear zones of low- to high-angle. Peraluminous leucogranites with garnet, muscovite, sillimanite and turmaline predominante. They are foliated and gneissified, and have granitic and granodioritic composition. The enclaves are metasedimentary rocks (calci-silicatic, quartzite, garnet-biotite gneiss). Two tectonic models are discussed for the generation these rocks: one with initial crustal duplication (Alpine-Hymalaian type) and other without significative crustal thickening. The first model is in accord with different tectonic models proposed for the belt. In this model, the peak of metamorphim is reach after compressional tectonic and crustal thickening, for a range of normal physical parameters in the crust, with metamorphic conditions corresponding to the amphibolite and granulite facies. The syncollisional anatexis occurs more easily when the pre-collisional crust is relatively hot and/or satured in water. The second model involve the injection of magma and/or partial melting in the base of crust. The solid state deformation in these rocks may be interpreted by reativation of regional shear zones or as progressive superposition of structures related of orogenic exhumation at the end Brasiliano Cycle.


In this article, the authors study the effect of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act on two primary characteristics of earnings quality, reliability and relevance in combination. Using a difference-in-differences method, they find that firms that were required to comply with Section 404 during the first 2 years of its implementation improved the reliability of their reported earnings more than control firms that were not required to comply. The results also suggest that the regulation helped to reduce intentional misstatement, which may contribute to the improvement in earnings reliability. Furthermore, the improvement in reliability did not come at the expense of the relevance of earnings. On the contrary, the authors find a significantly larger improvement in the predictive power of current earnings over future earnings and future cash flows associated with complying firms. As earnings quality improved, investor confidence appears to be restored, in that they reacted more strongly to earnings surprises of complying firms than to those of the control firms in the post-404 period. The results of this study suggest that Section 404 helped to achieve the main goal of the Act: protecting investors and restoring their confidence in the stock market by improving the accuracy and reliability of corporate disclosure.


In this study, an attempt is made to form composites by mechanical alloying (MA) or pulse-electric-current-sintering (PECS) for utilization of synergy effect to acquire both high capacity and ability to absorb/desorb protium at low temperatures. The composites have well-bonded structure consisting of Mg2Ni alloy that has high hydrogenation capacity and LaNi5 alloy that is capable of protium absorption/desorption at relatively low temperatures. During the absorption process, the protium content of MA + PECS and MA specimens at 80 ◦ Ci s over the theoretical value corresponding to the ratio of LaNi 5 phase. After absorption of the maximum protium content at 40 ◦ Cb y MA+ PECS specimen, the desorption process was evaluated by TG/DTA analysis and the specimen starts desorbing protium at about 100 ◦ C. Consequently, the result suggests the occurrence of synergy effect during the absorption/desorption process of the obtained composites. Presently, negative changes in the earth's environment and the depletion of fossil fuel are advancing due to human eco- nomic activities. Therefore, attention is being paid to hydro- gen energy for breaking away from the dependence on fossil fuel and for protection from the global warming effect that re- sults from the utilization of fossil fuel. However, hydrogen is very dangerous to handle because it exists in gaseous state at room temperature and atmospheric pressure, and its ignitabil- ity is high. Thus, we need the safest methods for utilizing hydrogen energy effectively. Therefore, hydrogen absorbing alloys that can store hydrogen compactly are attracting a lot of attention, and moreover, they are safer than liquefied hydro- gen gas. Presently, researches for the development of various applications of hydrogen are being carried out. Among such applications, the research and development of new genera- tion vehicles that utilize hydrogen energy is extremely fierce, and fuel cell electric vehicles that utilize various methods of supplying hydrogen are being developed simultaneously. The sources of hydrogen considered include: methanol modifica- tion, gasoline modification, high pressure cylinder of 25 MPa, hydrogen absorbing alloys and so on. Generally, it is said that the use of hydrogen absorbing alloys as fuel tank is the safest method of supplying hydrogen. However, in spite of the safety, Mm-Ni-Co-Al-Mn hydrogen absorbing alloys 1) could not be satisfactorily utilized because of little hydrogen content and the mileage is too small compared to gasoline car. Therefore, attention is being paid to Mg2Ni alloy among hy- drogen absorbing alloys that are most suitable for transport applications because its theoretical protium storage capacity per unit weight is more than twice that of other alloys. More- over it is cheaper than other hydrogen absorbing alloys. How- ever, it has problems of high protium absorption/desorption


For a compact Lie group $G$ with maximal torus $T$, Pittie and Smith showed that the flag variety $G/T$ is always a stably framed boundary. We generalize this to the category of $p$-compact groups, where the geometric argument is replaced by a homotopy theoretic argument showing that the class in the stable homotopy groups of spheres represented by $G/T$ is trivial, even $G$-equivariantly. As an application, we consider an unstable construction of a $G$-space mimicking the adjoint representation sphere of $G$ inspired by work of the second author and Kitchloo. This construction stably and $G$-equivariantly splits off its top cell, which is then shown to be a dualizing spectrum for $G$.


How to collect evidence in international commercial arbitration is traditionally different in the common law system and the civil law system. Different methods are much likely bring on different results. The partners coming from different backgrounds always prefer to choose the rules familiar to themselves, so it is very difficult to reach arbitration agreement, which goes against solving disputes of international business. This article discusses the reasons of this problem,puts forward the solution and reminds the partners to pay attention to several issues on choosing the rules for collecting evidences in international commercial arbitration.


Model experiment indicated that after reservoir formation in the Three Gorges, cumulative siltation and river bed silting-up would occur at Wujiang River Estuary section, which would bring unfavorable influence to the channel and port of the section After regulation, siltation was decreased, side flat reduced, and navigation channel stabilized


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This work highlights the effect of post-washing stage on the surface morphology and ash content of the final porous carbon. Three different acids were selected to post-wash charred carbon including nitric, sulfuric and phosphoric acids. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that the surface of the washed carbon was not much affected by acidic washing. Moreover, the amount of retained ash for the three acids (proximate analyses) showed that nitric acid-washed carbon could best remove surface ash from the charred carbon. Energy dispersive x-ray (EDX) also showed the presence of various heavy metals and heteroatoms on carbon surface. The results suggest that nitric acid would be best among the investigated acids to remove our charred carbons surface ash. This would enable the synthesized carbon to be used in more sensitive applications. However, the available ash still needs to be reduced if the carbon is to target highly sensitive applications such as drinking water treatments.


The paper offers an exploratory analysis of acoustic properties of pharyngealised vowels in Archi (East Caucasian). Three speakers considered show variation in pharyngealisation correlates. Only one speaker is consistent in F3 lowering and duration increase across most vowels.


OBJECTIVES
To compare the medical management of children by private pediatricians or by general practitioners.

POPULATION AND METHODS
A retrospective cohort study analyzed information from the automated database of the Regional Health Insurance Fund for salaried workers in Franche-Comté from January 2001 through December 2002 and compared the mean rates of prescriptions in the populations seen only by general practitioners or mainly by pediatricians.

RESULTS
Analysis concerned 1 535 208 visits (office and home). Management by pediatricians was associated with 25% fewer consultations and 6% fewer hospitalizations. Pediatricians also wrote 25% fewer prescriptions for drugs, 17% fewer for laboratory tests, and 42% fewer for speech and language therapy. Children seen by pediatricians took antibiotics much less often (penicillin: -24%; cephalosporins: -74%; macrolides: -53%) as well as half as many corticoids and NSAIDs. Their vaccination coverage was more complete (31% more hepatitis B vaccines, 7% more MMR), as was prevention against rickets and cavities (twice the rate of vitamin D and fluoride prescriptions). The population followed mainly by pediatricians included 25% more children with a chronic disease.

CONCLUSION
General practitioners and pediatricians appear to differ significantly in their management of children. Other studies that can take into account such confounding factors as health status are needed to confirm these results.


The present research is undertaken to further the physical understanding of the behavior of an embedded vortex in a three-dimensional turbulent boundary layer. The vectors of instantaneous transport of turbulent kinetic energy are large above the vortex and in the downwash region, in Case 2. The production terms are mainly contributed to the values of V2 and W2. Then these profiles show an elliptic shape centered on the peak vorticity point. Both the production and advection terms of turbulent kinetic energy fall rapidly between the first and second measurement stations. In Case 2, a region of high production develops in the upwash region. The contribution of production and advection results in a uniform high value of turbulent kinetic energy in the entire region above the vortex.


Hypertension induces modifications of standard rhythm breathing. However, the interaction of these effects with the cardiopulmonary and diaphragm morphological changes is not well known. We evaluated the influence of high blood pressure (BP) on cardiovascular modulation, chemoreflex sensitivity, right ventricle (RV) function, arterial blood gases and pulmonary morphometric parameters in rats. We also evaluated the diaphragm muscle profile in response to possible ventilator alterations. Hypertension adversely changed arterial blood gases patterns (pH, pO2, HCO3, SpO2) and the autonomic cardiovascular modulation (systolic BP variance, low frequency band and pulse interval variance), as well exacerbated chemoreflex pressor response and increased RV end diastolic pressure. We observed that SHRs present higher lung to body weight index, arterial lumen to wall ratio (lung arteries), and collagen deposition compared to aged matched Wistar rats. The SHR diaphragm muscle showed increase in type I cross‐sectional fiber (CSA) (16%) and reduction in type II CSA area (41%), increased activity of the ubiquitin proteasome system and lipid peroxidation, with no differences between groups in the analysis of ubiquitinated proteins and misfolded proteins. In conclusion, hypertension induced cardiopulmonary morphometric and functional compensatory/adverse alterations associated with diaphragm fiber type changes and protein degradation. These data suggest a possible adaptation in ventilatory pattern as an attempt to improve ventilatory endurance and prevent the development of fatigue and muscle weakness.


To study the influence of the graft chains on the damping behavior, the polyurethanes with graft chains were synthesized from hydroxyl terminated polypropylene oxide oligomers, toluene diisocyanate(TDI). Their dynamic mechanical property was carried out. It was found that the polyurethanes with graft chains exhibit higher damping property than that of polyurethanes copolymers with the same composition but without graft chains. The damping property of polyurethanes is influenced by the molecular weight of soft segment in main chain and the content of graft chain. With the increase of the molecular weight of soft segment in main chain , the tan δ value increased. The damping property of polyurethanes enhanced with the increase of the content of soft segment in graft chain. AFM measurement results showed that the compatibility between hard segment and soft segment was improved by the introduction of graft chains.


This study investigated the effects of balance training on muscle endurance and balance performance in elderly men. 30 elderly men (age 70.5±9.8 yrs) participated in present study. The static balance was evaluated by Tandem stance test. Using wall Scott test, the endurance of the lower extremities' muscles was measured. The experimental group underwent eight weeks balance training. The control groups did not participate in any training program. The evaluations were repeated after the treatment sessions. Within group comparisons was carried out by paired t-tests, where between groups comparisons was performed by t test for independent samples. After balance training the ability of older men in balance control was significantly improved compared with control group. There was no significant difference in the muscle endurance (p=0.9). Balance training improved balance performance in the older men. This method is recommended for elderly rehabilitation.


Never to call retreat: never to abandon hope: such was Dean Hsrzberg's life and his lesson. The depth of his charity so disposed him: but hope went beyond disposition. It was an act of faith also, a positive rejection of despair as the deadliest of sins, political no less than spiritual. "None of the above" was never his choice. We cannot conceive him going about the campus opining that he would not be voting for any of the candidates for president this year. Given only that there was more than a single choice, one would be better than another, and he would choose the better. (Of this year— for he was careful about language—the best!)


AbstractAn Ag@AgBr/ZnO modified photocatalyst was prepared by a simple one-step hydrothermal method. The composites were well characterized by various analytical techniques, and the influence of an...


The article analyzes the problem of creating favorable conditions for students' active foreign language self study process in accordance with the psychological features including cognitive styles, left brain/right brain development prevalence, nervous system features.


In order to enrich the plant resources,Yacon has been introduced into Yanbian area and its suitable planting density was studied.The results indicated that the yield and the content of total sugar per plant were the highest when the density was 80cm×50cm.However,the yield and the content of protein per ha was the highest when the density was 80cm×40cm.


Preface 'Big Men' and Little Trade Regional Trade and Economic Development Regional Integration in Africa Regional Integration Theory East African Firms' Perceptions of NTBs Quantifying NTBs in East Africa Quantifying Tariff Barriers in East Africa Conclusion


One reflection prompted by a study of the Criminal Statistics, 1936,1 is the small proportion of all " crime " that is really serious. In 1936 the total number of persons found guilty of offences of all kinds was about 825,000. Of these over 99 per cent. were dealt with by magistrates and under 1 per cent. were tried by jury. Nearly 60 per cent. had committed traffic offences. Nine per cent. had committed indictable offences, of which the great majority were thefts, and the remainder had misbehaved themselves in various non-indictable ways-for example, drunkenness, failure to take out dog licences, and Sunday trading. Of all these offenders, 81 per cent. were fined, 10 per cent. were dismissed with a caution, 5 per cent. were bound over (3 per cent. being put on probation), and 3 per cent. were sent to prison or Borstal. The figure for traffic offences was 13 per cent. higher than in 1935. The curve is rising steadily, but so is that of the total number of vehicles on the road. From 1920 to 1932 there was a continuous decline in the number of persons convicted of drunkenness; since 1932 there has been a continuous increase. It is permissible to speculate whether this is not part of the increasing tendency towards insecurity, pessimism, and chaos which is showing itself in various forms all over the world. On the other hand, the figures for non-indictable assault have shown a steady fall since 1931. Eight times as many males commit indictable offences as females, and the incidence of crime is highest under 14 and drops steadily with the advance in age.


This paper proposes a novel 3D MEMS atomic chip with single-layer on-chip heater for atomic magnetometry. A micro spherical vapor cell and an on-chip micro heater are monolithically integrated onto a single 3D atomic chip for the first time. Meanwhile, the impact of heating noise on magnetometer performance is effectively suppressed by lateral shifting the on-chip heater from probing region. Comparing to atomic chip heated by unshifted heater, experiments demonstrate that shifted heater reduces sensor noise by more than 90%, and the sensor sensitivity is increased by more than 12 times while reducing fabrication cost and improving device integration.


The effective and economical removal of phosphates from aqueous solution, mostly applied in waste water treatment, is one of the significant issues globally. Removal of phosphates ions in aqueous solution was analysed by chitosan blended with cellulose acetate, and iron oxide loaded chitosan-cellulose acetate adsorbents. The adsorbents were made in the form of beads. Batch experiments were performed to investigate the performance of the beads under various conditions on phosphate adsorption. Contact time, effect of initial phosphate concentration, adsorbent dosage, pH and temperature were investigated. Zeta potential measurements were also undertaken. The results showed that the adsorption process was highly pH dependent. The adsorption kinetics data were modelled with the application of adsorption reaction models and adsorption diffusion models. The results revealed that the pseudo 2nd order model was the best fitting in all cases. The experimental data were tested with Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. The equilibrium data were well fitted to the Langmuir isotherm model with a maximum adsorption capacity of 958 μg/g. The Freundlich isotherm model also had a close fit with a maximum adsorption of 233 μg/g, which was very close to the experimental maximum adsorption. The mechanism of adsorption followed two stages in which the first one was fast followed by a slower gradual stage. SEM images showed that the adsorbent was macroporous. Fourier Transform Infrared Red (FT-IR) Spectroscopy, X-ray Diffraction Spectroscopy (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) showed that the phosphate adsorption on the HFO-CS/CA beads was due to surface complexes, and mainly involved Nitrogen atoms. HFO loading also increased surface area.


Base, acid addition salt of the general formula in the form of hydrate or solvate (I): Wherein, m = 1-4; n = 1,2 or 3; o = 1 or 2; A is one or more groups X, selected from Y and / or Z; X = substituted or unsubstituted methylene; Y = substituted or unsubstituted These compounds are useful as inhibitors of FAAH enzyme.


We present three-dimensional photon counting microscopy using Bayesian estimation. To record the light intensity information of objects in photon-starved conditions, photon counting imaging can be used. In conventional photon counting imaging, maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) or Bayesian estimation with uniform statistical parameters has been used for 3D visualization. Since MLE does not use the prior information of the estimated target, its visual quality is not enough to recognize 3D microorganisms when low number of photons is used. In addition, because Bayesian estimation with uniform statistical parameters uses fixed statistical parameters over the whole image, the estimated image seems to be image with boost-up light intensity. On the other hand, our proposed method uses the nonuniform statistical parameters for prior information of microorganisms to estimate 3D profile of them. Therefore, this method may enhance the visual quality of 3D microscopy results with low number of photons.


The stability of the surrounding rock masses of underground powerhouses is always emphasized during the construction period. With the general trends toward large-scale, complex geological conditions and the rapid construction progress of underground powerhouses, deformation and failure issues of the surrounding rock mass can emerge, putting the safety of construction and operation in jeopardy and causing enormous economic loss. To solve these problems, an understanding of the origins and key affecting factors is required. Based on domestic large-scale underground powerhouse cases in the past two decades, key factors affecting the deformation and failure of the surrounding rock mass are summarized in this paper. Among these factors, the two most fundamental factors are the rock mass properties and in situ stress, which impart tremendous impacts on surrounding rock mass stability in a number of cases. Excavation is a prerequisite of surrounding rock mass failure and support that is classified as part of the construction process and plays a pivotal role in preventing and arresting deformation and failure. Additionally, the layout and structure of the powerhouse are consequential. The interrelation and interaction of these factors are discussed at the end of this paper. The results can hopefully advance the understanding of the deformation and failure of surrounding rock masses and provide a reference for design and construction with respect to hydroelectric underground powerhouses.


Several authors ([1, 2] among others) have proposed mechanical models to predict long term tooth movement considering both the tooth and its surrounding bone tissue as isotropic linear elastic materials coupled to an iadaptative elasticityi behavior [3, 4]. However, tooth movements obtained through orthodontic appliances result from a complex biochemical process of bone structure and density adaptation to its mechanical environment, called bone remodeling. This process is far from linear elasticity. It leads to permanent deformation due to biochemical actions. The proposed biomechanical constitutive law (inspired from Doblar· e's model [5]) is based on a Continuum Damage Mechanics material coupled to an elasto-visco-plastic law and considering a damage variable not as actual damage but as a measure of bone density. It is formulated as to be used explicitly for alveolar bone, whose remodeling cells, opposite to most bones, are triggered by the pressure state applied to the bone matrix.


FormerFormer general practitioner Kingsbury, Warwickshire (b 1914; q Prague 1938), died from bowel cancer on 24 December 2005.

Figure 1

Berta ("Betty") left Nazi occupied Prague in 1939 and travelled to Palestine, where she joined the British army's medical corps. During this journey she met her husband, Joseph Gol. After the war they returned to Prague, where they raised two children and Betty practised medicine, specialising in gynaecology. When Prague was again occupied in 1968 they moved to England. Betty restarted her medical training, becoming a general practitioner. She remained a partner until retirement in 1983 and worked as a locum until the age of 79. Predeceased by her husband in 1981, she leaves two children and six grandchildren.


Objective: To investigate the effect of rapamycin on autophagy of myocardial cells in rats with early heart failure. Methods: A total of 48 male SD rats were used to establish rat models with heart failure induced by abdominal aorta constriction (AAC) and then randomly divided into the following 3 groups: the control group treated intraperitoneally with normal saline (n=16), the treatment group treated intraperitoneally with rapamycin (n=16) and the sham group (n=16). Echocardiography was performed at 4, 8, and 12 weeks. Morphological changes of myocardium and autophagy rate of myocardial cells were observed by HE staining and transmission electron microscopy respectively; the expression levels of protein Cathepsin D and Beclin-1 were detected by western blotting. Results: Echocardiography showed the presence of ventricular hypertrophy at 4 weeks after modeling and the presence of heart failure at 8 weeks. At 4 weeks after rapamycin intervention, significantly higher left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was observed in the treatment group compared to the control group (P<0.05); but there were substantial reductions in the left ventricular posterior wall thicknessatend-systole (LVPWs), the interventricular septum thickness atend-systole (IVSTs), the left ventricular posterior wall thicknessatend-diastole (LVPWd) and in the interventricular septal thickness atend-diastole (IVSd) (P<0.05). The autophagy rate of myocardial cells was significantly lower in the treatment group versus the control group (P<0.05). Compared to the sham group, the levels of proteins Beclin-1 and Cathepsin D expression significantly improved in the control group (P<0.05), but reduced markedly in the treatment group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Reductions in the autophagy of myocardial cells and improvements in the cardiac functions of rats with heart failure by rapamycin may be attributable to regulation of the expression levels of proteins Beclin-1 and Cathepsin D.


This paper challenges the widespread view of suppletion as nothing but morphologically nonfunctional diachronic residue. Within natural morphology suppletion has generally been treated as an unnatural' phenomenon that must be accounted for in extragrammatical terms. A richer notion of diagrammatic iconicity, however, inspired largely by Bybee's work, leads to an analysis in which suppletion in semantically generic, grammaticalized or grammaticalizing items fits quite well into the overall diagrammatic structure of inflecting languages in a way that is consistent with the main principles of natural morphology. I consider Bybee's view that all iconicity/structure should be regarded primarily as an epiphenomenal artifact of use and change but argue that some aspects of morphological change can most easily be understood if we grant some degree of psychological reality to diagrammaticity


This paper presents an innovative approach to sustain collaborative hands-on activities in flexible engineering education. The paper presents our research context, our objectives as well as some preliminary results. The main issues addressed include (i) object-oriented model for collaboration in Web-based learning environment for engineering education (ii) continuity of interaction in flexible engineering education (iii) awareness in Web-based learning environment, and (iv) evaluation methods and metrics. This doctoral research work is currently performed at the School of Engineering, EPFL.


Patent technology morphological analysis utilises the advantages of both patent information analysis and morphological analysis to provide more detailed information on current and future patent technology. Current patent technology morphological analysis methods are largely reliant on manual expertise in the construction of morphological boxes with few approaches to the evaluation of future morphological configurations. We developed a patent text mining and informetric-based patent technology morphological analysis technique. We defined the basic parameters of the morphological box as the factors in factor analysis, with a patent keywords matrix, and the clusters in clustering analysis with factor scores. Patent citation, year of patent registration, keyword frequency, and contributing factors were used to evaluate future morphological configurations. We used an empirical study of liquid crystal display wide viewing angle patents to validate our method. The Thomson Reuters Derwent Innovation Index was used to collect patent text datasets. Our study indicates that this method is feasible for the implementation of patent technology morphological analysis. Our method provides advantages in terms of cost and time reductions during morphological box construction and more flexible methods for evaluating morphological configurations. We discuss problems and possible development of our method in the last section.


BACKGROUND
The process leading to a regulatory outcome is guided by factors both related and unrelated to the data package, defined in this analysis as 'formal and informal factors', respectively. The aim of this qualitative study was to analyse which formal and informal factors drive the decision-making process of the European Medicines Agency (EMA) and Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulators with regard to anticancer drugs, using in-depth semi-structured interviews with regulators of the two agencies.

METHODS
In line with the theory and practice of qualitative research, no set sample size was defined a priori. Respondent enrolment continued until saturation and redundancy were reached. Data were collected through means of in-depth semi-structured interviews conducted either in a face-to-face setting or via Skype(®) with each regulator. The interviews were audio-recorded and verbatim transcribed. The analysis was manually carried out on the transcribed text. Data were independently coded and categorized by two researchers. Interpretation of the findings emerged through a process of triangulation between the two.

RESULTS
Seven EMA and six FDA regulators, who had extensive experience with making decisions about anticancer medicines, were interviewed between April and June 2012. There is an open dialogue between the FDA and EMA, with the two moving closer and exchanging information, not opinions. Differences in decision-making between the agencies may be due to a different evaluation of end points. Different interaction modalities with industry and patients represent an additional source of divergence with a potential impact on decision-making. The key message of our respondents was that the agencies manage uncertainty in a different way: unlike the EMA, the FDA has a prevailing attitude to take risks in order to guarantee quicker access to new treatments.

CONCLUSIONS
Although formal factors are the main drivers for regulatory decisions, the influence of informal factors plays an important role in the drug evaluation process.


Abstract Volatile compounds from the Black Sea red algae Bangia fuscopurpurea, Gelidium latifolium, Callithamnion granulatum, Ceramium elegans, Laurencia papillosa and Laurencia coronopus were obtained by distillation-extraction and analysed by GC/MS. Different groups of compounds were identified: hydrocarbons, alkylated benzenes, alcohols, phenols, aldehydes, ketones, acids, esters, terpenes, nitrogen- and halogen-containing compounds. The results are compared with some recent data for the composition of the volatile compounds from four previously investigated Black Sea red algae, which are at different evolutionary stages. On the basis of their qualitative and semi-quantitative composition some chemotaxonomic conclusions are proposed. The eventual functions of some of the volatile compounds are briefly discussed.


The flower culture development advantages from Jiangxi,industrial construction and development strategies were discussed.The aim was to vigorously promote the industrialization of flower resources and flower market-oriented process,and thus improve the overall strength of flower cultural industries in Jiangxi province and its economic and social benefits.


Introduction. The article presents the results of a comprehensive assessment of disease incidence among male workers of shipbuilding and ship repair industries in the Astrakhan Region for creation of an organizational and management model of a comprehensive assessment of their disease incidence at workplaces in order to develop adequate preventive measures that exclude adverse health effects of occupational hazards in male shipbuilders. Materials and methods. Data for analysis were extracted from medical histories of inpatients and medical records of outpatients of the Russian Southern District Medical Center for the period 2015–2017. We applied methods of an opinion poll, expert examinations, correlation and regression analysis, mathematical modeling, as well as software products. Results. We built analytical models to assess health effects of determinants in shipbuilders. We also established the main occupational dangers, risks of occupational diseases, and the correlation between the number of patients and adverse industrial factors. We found that the risk of occupational diseases (0.8) was the highest in men over 45 (31.9 %) exposed to occupational hazards for more than 8.5 years. The lowest risk (0.2) was estimated for men aged 27–39 (68.1 %) with up to 6.6 years of occupational exposure. Conclusion. The organizational and management model was developed for the comprehensive assessment of causal relationships between the duration of exposure of shipbuilders to occupational hazards, the age of the employee, the risk of developing an occupational disease, and adequate preventive measures eliminating health risks and reducing effects of adverse industrial determinants.


New semi interpenetrating polymer network (s-IPN) was prepared and characterized by using FTIR, SEM, EDX, XRD and TGA measurements. These micro particles were prepared using two different polymers; sodium alginate (Na-Alg) and hydrolyzed carboxy-methyl cellulose grafted poly acrylonitrile (h-CMC-g-PAN) with CaCl2 as a cross-linker


Rorty should be read as a reformer, rather than a revolutionary transformer. While the reformer aims to improve what is already good, the revolutionary transformer seeks to dispense with the merely good in a quest for the absolutely best. For Rorty this choice was a bad choice. In order to make the case that Rorty was a reformer, we explicate Rorty's views on truth. These views argue that we can obtain consensus about what is worth preserving and improving without reference to either rightness, truth, or objectivity. For after all, there is no way for philosophers to get outside the circle of language within which we debate about what we take to be authoritative and aceptable.


A 68‐year‐old male with nephrotic syndrome due to diabetic glomerulosclerosis was found to have high serum alkaline phosphatase after albumin infusions. By examining several albumin preparations, certain products were found to contain as high as 200 Sigma units of alkaline phosphatase per ml. By disc electrophoresis and heat treatment (56 C for 30 min), all of the alkaline phosphatases in the albumin preparations were found to be heat stable and of placental origin. Since a high alkaline phosphatase activity in serum may mislead diagnosis, it is quite important to know whether the high level of the enzyme in patient's specimens is of exogenous or endogenous origin. It is recommended that sera obtained from patients who have been treated with albumin should be heat tested before determination of alkaline phosphatase. Most of the alkaline phosphatase activity of liver, intestine, and bone origins is inactivated by heat, whereas that of placental origin is not inactivated.


This research was conducted to map the factors that became the source of student learning difficulties in terms of the learning process and the difficulties experienced in solving Newton's style and law problems. The population of this descriptive study was all students of class VIII in Langkat Regency, while the schools that were the samples in this were students of class VIII in three schools, namely SMP Negeri 2 Stabat, SMP Seri Langkat, and SMP Negeri 3 Satu Atap. Data collection in this study was conducted using student questionnaire instruments, teacher questionnaires, learning activity observation sheets, student activity assessment sheets and essay questions. The analysis of the research results found that the factors that influence the learning difficulties of junior high school students in Langkat Regency are the weak of Utilization of Learning Resources / Learning Media, the inadequate learning which can trigger and maintain student engagement and the low ability of students to solve problems coherently. Keywords: Learning Difficulties, Descriptive Study, Observation Sheet


One aspect, the step of forming a semiconductor chip (2) surface bonding pads (2a) and the insulating resin film 3 on the surface of a path connecting the electrode pad (1a) formed on the surface of the substrate 1 of the present invention and a step of forming by the bonding pads (2a) and the electrode pad (1a), the wiring groove 4 having a thickness equal to or more than the thickness depth of the resin coating (3) along a path for connecting the laser processing and the wiring groove (4) surface of the plating catalyst 5 step, a resin coating (3) step, a plating catalyst 5 remains electroless plated film 6 only portion that removing the of depositing the the a mounting method of a semiconductor chip comprising the step of forming. The other of the present invention aspect are, as a three-dimensional structure wiring is provided on the surface, the surface of the three-dimensional structure, a wiring groove extending across the adjacent plane intersecting the three-dimensional structure is formed, and wiring conductors in said wiring groove of an at least three-dimensional structure, it characterized in that the part is buried.


Neonatal hypoglycaemia is commonly physiological, but failure of normal neonatal metabolic adaptation may occur, causing persistent and severe hypoglycaemia with concomitant brain injury. Little is known about the level and duration of neonatal hypoglycaemia which cause brain injury, and studies of the long-term effects of hypoglycaemia are flawed by confounding factors. This paper reviews the etiology, clinical significance and preventive management of neonatal hypoglycaemia, and makes recommendations for safe practice. Criteria for establishing an association between neonatal hypoglycaemia and brain injury are outlined.


The activity that most reminds me of the practice, as opposed to the transcendent communal dream, of websurfing is visiting the supermarket without a list or a plan. Now that I live in Los Angeles after spending most of my life in New York, I drive my car to the market and everywhere else, so the information superhighway metaphor takes on a deeper meaning. In a sprawling city where all errands, pickups, and deliveries are shaped and bracketed by traffic patterns and intersecting routes, and oversized graphic signage marks every source of commerce and display, the Internet meets its real-time model.


The expansion and contraction of a bubble pinned at a submerged tube tip and driven by constant gas flow rate Q are studied both theoretically and experimentally for Reynolds number Re[Lt ]1. Bubble shape, gas pressure, surface velocities, and extrapolated detached bubble volume are determined by a boundary integral method for various Bond (Bo=ρga2/σ) and capillary (Ca=μQ/σa2) numbers, where a is the capillary radius, ρ and μ are the liquid density and viscosity, σ is the surface tension, and g is the gravitational acceleration. Bubble expansion from a flat interface to near detachment is simulated for a full range of Ca (0.01–100) and Bo (0.01–0.5). The maximum gas pressure is found to vary almost linearly with Ca for 0.01[les ]Ca[les ]100. This correlation allows the maximum bubble pressure method for measuring dynamic surface tension to be extended to viscous liquids. Simulated detached bubble volumes approach static values for Ca[Lt ]1, and asymptote as Q3/4 for Ca[Gt ]1, in agreement with analytic predictions. In the limit Ca→0, two singular time domains are identified near the beginning and the end of bubble growth during which viscous and capillary forces become comparable. Expansion and contraction experiments were conducted using a viscous silicone oil. Digitized video images of deforming bubbles compare well with numerical solutions. It is observed that a bubble contracting at high Ca snaps off.


Abstract In many production systems a time period is scheduled for machine maintenance, during which the machine is idle. After the maintenance activity is completed the production rate may be affected. The decisions under consideration are (i) when to schedule this rate-modifying activity, and (ii) how to sequence the jobs. We study three single machine scheduling problems with a rate-modifying activity: minimum makespan with precedence constraints, minimum makespan with a learning effect and minimum number of tardy jobs. We introduce a polynomial time solution for each of the three problems.


In this paper,an universal controller is proposed for chaos and hyperchaos stabilization.In comparison with previous methods,the proposed scheme includes single feedback gain,fast convergence.The obtained controller includes single state variable especially for three dimensional chaotic systems.Then,a sufficient condition is given,which is used for selecting the least feedback terms for the controller.Finally,numerical simulations verrify the correctness and validity of the above results obtained in this paper.


It is of great significance to apply the fire risk evaluation method to the choices of fire rescue measures,the fire prevention and the reduction of fire losses of property and casualties.This paper introduces the concepts and the process regarding this application in the performance design.


In order to investigate the toxicity of Jia-yi powder on animals,LD_(50) of Jia-yi powder on Mus musculus albus was measured with the Karber's method.The LD_(50) value of Jia-yi powder on Mus musculus albus was 7 591.89 mg/kg,95% confidence limits was 9 375.07~6 113.64 mg/kg.The experiment results suggested that Jiayi powder has a wide safety margin and higher value for clinical application.


Salinity is one of the major abiotic stresses, which affects physiological traits and reduces plant productivity. Paneer-booti (Withania coagulans Dunal) is a medicinal and aromatic plant belonging to the Solanaceae family, which is an endemic plant in the Middle East. In this study, the effect of different salt concentrations (0, 50, 100, 150, 200, and 250 mM NaCl) on antioxidant enzymes activity such as catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX), proline, phenols, and flavonoids contents, relative water content (RWC), electrolyte leakage, Na and K concentrations, and chlorophyll fluorescence of Paneer-booti were studied. Results indicated that the effect of NaCl stress was significant on all traits. By increasing NaCl, to 250 mM levels, enhance activity of CAT (76.75%), POD (56.49%), and APX (44.77%), proline (79.56%), phenols (56.15%), electrolyte leakage (76.74%), Na (54.70%), and minimum fluorescence (Fo) (44.94%) was observed while decreased RWC (11.33%), K concentration (50.8%), K/Na ratio (77.77%), and Fv/Fm ratio (67.5%) compared to the control treatment was noted. By increasing electrolyte leakage enhance in the rate of antioxidant enzymes activity (CAT, POD, and APX), proline, phenols, and flavonoids contents, and Na concentration was observed. The rate of K/Na ratio is very important under salinity condition, so, the trait had a negative correlation with antioxidant enzyme activities, proline, phenols, and flavonoids contents. Our results revealed that Paneer-booti plantlet had a high tolerant to the NaCl stress due to the fact high level of the enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant activities under higher levels of salinity.


Abstract  We herein describe a case with an acute aortic dissection, whose atherosclerotic coronary artery disease (CAD) could be accurately detected using a preoperative 64‐row multidetector computed tomography (MDCT). Emergency surgery including a coronary artery bypass grafting and a total arch replacement were successfully performed without causing perioperative myocardial infarction. MDCT coronary angiography is a safe and noninvasive examination, therefore, we believe that MDCT coronary angiography should become a routine preoperative examination for patients with an acute aortic dissection in order to detect the presence of CAD.


In March 2009 the European Parliament and the Council issued the Directive on Airport Charges – Directive 2009/12/EC, which is a common framework regulating the essential features of airport charges. The EU presents the necessity of economic regulation of airports and airport charges in Europe. On the basis of this Directive, the airports have to change their economic policy. But is the economic regulation necessary for the Bratislava Airport and airports with a similar position? This paper explains the situation of Slovak airports and their approach to economic regulation of airport charges.


A star highly efficient complex primary antioxidant with novel structure was synthesized by condensation reaction with β-(3,5-diterbutyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionyl chloride and 1.0 generation poly(amidoamine)(1.0G PAMAM) as raw materials,and characterized by elemental analysis,FT-IR,1H NMR and 13C NMR.The antioxidant activity of the star highly efficient complex primary antioxidant in polyolefins was evaluated by oxidation induction time.The results showed that the optimum reaction conditions for this antioxidant synthesis were the molar ratio of β-(3,5-diterbutyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionyl chloride to 1.0G PAMAM of 5,chloroform as the solvent,the reaction time of 12 h,the adding temperature for 1.0G PAMAM of 15℃ and the reaction temperature of 45℃,under which the yield of the star highly efficient complex primary antioxidant was above 65% and the melting point was in the range of 204.5-206.5℃.The star highly efficient complex primary antioxidant had excellent oxidation resistance behavior in polyolefins,whose oxidation resistance was far superior to antioxidant 1010 and antioxidant 3114 in polyethylene and equal to the two antioxidants in polypropylene.


Carrageenan NIR data Carrageenan's are polysaccharides extracted from seaweed and used as thickening agents in foods, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics. In commercial production, the raw material (seaweed) contains a variety of carrageenan types with different thickening properties. The properties of the final product are a function of the concentration and type of carrageenan and hence it is critical to know the composition to ensure product consistency and quality.


This paper describes the framework of an efficient three phase inverter, designed and developed to overcome the holistic sinusoidal pulse width modulation technique with a better, accurate and much appreciated methodology named Field oriented control which functions on Space vector modulation to achieve the desired fineness and eliminate the harmonics involved to a very large extent. Post generation of the efficient output pulse, after efficiency major significant work and emphasize is done on quick capturization, sampling and quantizing the output signal in real time for further Internet of things transaction. The facility of providing this captured signal on the user interface is done by the concept of Internet of things imparted to this Industrial enterprise system with the inclusion of remote monitoring and configuration facility in real time to make this drive system available for operation over a user interface from anywhere across the globe. Ideally, all electrical equipments are designed for optimal performance on their supply specification but at times due to unavoidable circumstances drives tend to malfunction despite of the taken protection. But in this system, with the inclusion of a control strategy to facilitate the smartness and self learning by the machine, the designed system can analyze, predict and notify itself and come to halt and also illustrate the operator regarding critical and safe levels of operation in various sections of the drive totally over the internet in case of a mishappening which is occurring or is about to occur and can help one control and eliminate situations where explosion, accidents and failures cannot be tolerated.


This paper believes that the gist of doing literary research in the framework of ontology is to look up text as an autonomous structure, which is self-satisfying as well as self-defining. Therefore, the idea expressed in the poem Ars Poetica by Archibald Macleish conforms to this. It is the ontologic presentation of poetry in the form of poem.


No doubt,Oliver E.Williamson is the most important leading figure in transaction costs economics.He made a very great contribution to the development of transaction costs economics.There are three aspects about his success: firstly,to rebuild the hard core of transaction costs economics;secondly,creatively to put forward the analytical tools of transaction costs economics;finally,to specify the march rule of transaction governance.


Making radical changes in all spheres of our social life requires considerable study and analysis of the educational specialists' role, as the subject of the educational process, because thanks to his efforts is the establishment of the individual as a citizen of Ukraine . Investigation of legal regulation in the legal status of employees who perform educational functions, determines the disclosure of the dynamics of the employment relationships with the employees of this category. Analysis of the legal status of citizens during their competition, improve peculiarities of the legal regulation working time, rest periods of employees, who perform educational functions, will attract the best graduates to educational work, to raise the prestige of teaching activities. How at the state level the importance of the social role is defined of educational workers depends not only on the successful implementation of economic reforms, but also economic and social development in general. This article deals with only some of the aspects that characterize the legal status of employees who perform educational functions. In future, will need to improve the results obtained in the context of the draft Labour Code of Ukraine. As a general conclusion should be allocated as follows: first, due to the continuous development of science to educational institutions face the problem of high-quality selection of scientific and pedagogical staff; second, based on socio-economic reforms to address key issues of the legal status of employees who perform educational functions should be carried out by law.


The effect of transferred arousal from a prior television program was examined in relation to sex of subjects and their recall of television news. Subjects were randomly assigned to four experimental conditions which manipulated hedonic tone (positive/negative) and excitation (low/high) of prime-time television segments. Subjects then viewed a 5-min. television newscast and were tested on news item recall. An independent t test indicated that women recalled significantly more total news items than men. A two-factor analysis of variance showed that, in both low excitation conditions, men and women recalled more news items during time Phase 1 (0:00—1:59). Men and women recalled significantly more news items in both high excitation conditions during time Phase 2 (2:00—3:59). Women recalled significantly more news items than men during Phase 2 of the positive hedonic, low excitation treatment, and in both positive hedonic conditions, women recalled significantly more news items than men. Over-all, men and women recalled significantly more news items in the negative-hedonic, high-excitation treatment than in the other three conditions. Findings fit predictions derived from the excitation transfer theory and were attributed to differences in men's and women's perceptions of interpersonal relationships. Areas for further research were mentioned.


SUMMARY Modeling is a term that refers to a variety of efforts, including data and process modeling. The domain to be modeled may be a department, an organization, or even an industrial sector. E-business presupposes the modeling of an industrial sector, a substantial task. Cadastral modeling compares to the modeling of an industrial sector, as it aims at rendering the basic concepts that relate to the domain of real estate and the pertinent human activities. The palpable objects are pieces of land and buildings, documents, data stores and archives, as well as persons in their diverse roles as owners, holders of assets, experts, and holders of authority. More subtle objects are rights and restrictions, which relate persons through enforceable rules and commitments. The objective of this fabric of complex relations is to provide a stable and yet flexible frame for legal-economic dispositions that are related to land.


The author of the article reviews of the book Lee D. Baker
(Ed.): Life in America: Identity and Everyday Experience. In
the work various American identity patterns are discussed from
the athropological point of view.


Computation of accurate and efficient numerical results for space vehicle design and analysis is achallenging task because it takes large computational time to predict complex flow physics of space vehicle. Spacevehicle travels through continuum as well as rarefied region during flight. Continuum region aerodynamics can bepredicted by solving Navier Stokes equation. Explicit schemes require low computational hardware facility butincrease computational time by limiting time step to a certain limit defined by stability criteria. An extensive researchis being done for last three decades to overcome this stability restriction. Initially, Harten proposed a large time stepTotal Variation Diminishing (TVD) second order accurate (2K+3) point scheme with explicit formulation under aCFL restriction of K. Harten's developed large time step scheme and its modified Qian's form have been tested withminmod limiter extensively. However detailed analysis of these schemes with more compressive limiter is still inprogress. Present research investigates Qian's modified large time step scheme behavior with compressive limitersfor complex flow physics. Shock tube problem with Lax boundary condition is computed to point out advantages andshort comings of Qian's proposed modified scheme.


Complex antiphony, which allows dialogue between non-linearly adjacent cola in a psalm, provides the potential for re-reading problematic Hebrew texts such as Psalm 132. This article studies the two main structural options that have been proposed for Psalm 132, arguing in preference for the minority view that places a major break after v. 9. It is then argued, based on this minority structure, that the multiple distinctive types of literary bonds between the two halves of the psalm point towards a form of complex antiphony known as steady responsa. It is then shown that such a steady responsa reading of Psalm 132 addresses some of the critical exegetical problems of the psalm, such as the referent of the pronominal suffixes in v. 6. In addition, this reading also reveals a coherent and rich petitionary rhetoric in Psalm 132.


Interleukin‐5 (IL‐5) is a T helper type 2 cytokine, which is implicated in the pathogenesis of eosinophilic diseases such as asthma. Both peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and primary human T cells display similar patterns of IL‐5 expression when stimulated with both phorbol‐12‐myristate 13‐acetate and phytohaemagglutinin. The expression of IL‐5 stimulated by these agents was shown to require de novo transcription and translation. However, although dexamethasone was a potent inhibitor of both IL‐5 release and messenger RNA accumulation from PBMC and T cells, dexamethasone had no effect on the luciferase activity of a reporter construct under the control of an IL‐5 promoter region transiently transfected into primary human T cells. Furthermore, dexamethasone appeared to decrease the stability of IL‐5 messenger RNA and this effect was dependent upon de novo transcription. Taken together, the results presented here suggest that, whilst transcriptional processes predominantly regulate IL‐5 release, the mechanism by which dexamethasone inhibits IL‐5 is post‐transcriptional.


In this paper the pilot survey of the different image processing techniques and different core decision rules to detect change in Synthetic Aperture Radar images is carried out. Change detection in SAR images is much more difficult than that of optical images due to the existence of speckle noise and the complex mixture of terrain environment. Change Detection is identifying the differences between images of same area acquired during different instances. Its wide applications are positioning and hazard assessment of earthquake area, monitoring of crop growth conditions, detecting of urban land use. Typically change detection in SAR images is divided in two different modules first is Generating difference image and second one is Detection of change in difference image, hence in this paper we are discussing various methods to generate difference image, Image fusion techniques along with the change detection algorithm.