A novel engineering thermoplastic, phenolphthalein poly (ether-ether-sulfone) (PES-C) was blended with a commercial thermotropic liquid crystalline polymer(TLCP), Vectra A950, up to 30 weight percent of TLCP. A rheometrics dynamic spectrometer (RDS-I) and a CEAST capillary rheometer, a rheoscope 1000 were employed to investigate the melt rheology and extrusion behaviour at both the low and high shearing rates. The morphologies of the blends under different shearing were observed with a scanning electron microscope(SEM) and correlated to the observed rheology. The principal normal stress differences measured with cone-and-plate geometry give a temperature-independent correlation for both blend and PES-C when they are plotted against shear stress. But the extrudate swell of the blends showed a strong temperature dependence at each shear stress. The concentration dependence of extrudate swell shows a contrary behaviour to that of the inorganic filled system. A reasonable hypothesis based on the relaxation and disorientation of TLCP during flowing in the capillary and exiting was given to explain it. The melt fracture was checked after extrusion from capillary and was discussed.


Although most elementary students have had experiences with magnets, they generally have misconceptions about magnetism (Driver et al. 1994; Burgoon, Heddle, and Duran 2010). For example, students may think magnets can attract all metals or that larger magnets are stronger than smaller magnets. Students often confuse magnets with magnetic materials and may say things "stick to magnets" but not consider repulsion. Driver et al. (1994) recommends using everyday experiences and focusing on the uses of magnets to help students gain greater insight into how magnets work. However, the everyday uses of magnets typically examined in the classroom (e.g., motors, electromagnets) are not developmentally appropriate for students in primary grades. Young children have difficulty understanding concepts they cannot see, even when the lesson is hands-on (Olson 2008). When content is too abstract, students have no choice but to memorize key facts and consequently never mentally engage with the concepts. Therefore, this article provides a series of developmentally appropriate experiences and discussions, which concretely scaffold students between grades 2–4 toward accurate ideas of magnetism. Using concrete activities to confront misconceptions about magnetism in the primary grades


The newer storage systems often have to deal with multiple disk failures. Thus, RAID (Redundant Array of Independent Disk) is becoming increasingly important for two primary benefits: (1) high read performance and (2) robust fault tolerance. In addition, the recent RAID codes achieve better IO performance by using only XORs (optimal computational complexity) to compute parities. However, this achieved optimal computational complexity limits the further IO performance improvement. In this paper, we are proposing a new code called PS-code (Parity Stripe code) that employs improved Cauchy Reed Solomon codes for computing the parity to further improve write and degraded mode read performance. Furthermore, we extend the novelty by reducing the number of writes required for updating the parity. We simulated the PS-code in the DiskSim environment and devised a new metric called multi- block access complexity to perform an improved evaluation of the performance of the PS-code on workloads that represent real life scenario such as multi-block updates. Also, the experimental results demonstrate that the PS-code, on average, achieves 66%-86% better write performance and achieves 8.9%-23.6% higher degraded-mode read performance compared to previous works including P-code, RDP code, X-code, and HV-code. Finally, the comparison between the vertical and horizontal codes demonstrates that the vertical codes have better read performance than the horizontal codes in most cases.


Recently published long-term outcomes of the UK Endovascular Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair (EVAR) trial investigators and the Dutch Randomized Endovascular Aneurysm Repair group have continued to demonstrate the superiority of EVAR in the perioperative period, but they have failed to establish long-term sustainable durability compared to open repair because of increased graft-related complications and reinterventions.1,2 In 2005, thoracic endovascular aneurysm repair (TEVAR) was approved in the United States for the treatment of descending thoracic aortic aneurysms (DTAAs). This approval, based on the results of a phase II trial3 evaluating the GORE TAG endovascular prosthesis (W.L. Gore and Associates, Newark, Delaware), led to a nationwide explosion in the use of thoracic endovascular techniques for managing DTAAs.4 Physicians had already been performing EVAR for more than a decade. Whereas EVAR was initially used to repair abdominal aneurysms with a favorable anatomy, its use later expanded to include complex cases involving a short aneurysmal neck, a tortuous aorta, and (more recently) aneurysmal rupture. Although TEVAR has only a brief history, a similar trend is obvious: This approach is being used with reasonable success to treat dissections and even ruptured aneurysms5; in addition, various new debranching techniques are allowing TEVAR to be applied to portions of the aorta previously deemed unapproachable.


Objective: To develop a method for determination of five organophosphorous pesticides in human plasma by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Methods: Organophosphorous pesticides were extracted from plasma samples by using aether and separation was carried out on Agilent Zorbax SB-C18 column (2.1 mm×150 mm, 5 μm) at 25℃. Acetonitrile-0.1% formic acid was used as mobile phase with the flow rate of 0.3 ml/min, the injection volume was 10 μl. Electrospray ionization (ESI) source was applied and operated in positive ion mode, and multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode was used to quantify organophosphorous pesticide. Results: The detection limits of (LOD) 5 organophosphorous pesticide were within 0.212.71 ng/ml. The calibration curve in the concentration range of 82000 ng/ml showed a good linear correlation (r≧0.9903). The average extraction recoveries were within 70.2% 90.4%. Intra-day RSD and inter-day RSD was less than 5% (n=5). Conclusion: This method is specific, sensitive and accurate and can be used to detect organophosphorous pesticides in forensic.


We studied three patients from two unrelated families with adult hexosaminidase A deficiency. A 30‐year‐old, non‐Jewish proband in the first family had juvenile amyotrophic lateral sclerosis that evolved to mild demetia, ataxia, and axonal (neuronal) motor‐sensory peripheral neuropathy. A 36‐year‐old Jewish proband in the second family had "pure" spinal muscular atrophy. One supposedly healthy brother of the first proband was found to have borderline IQ, mild spasicity, ataxia but no evidence of motor neuron disease. Marked cerebellar atrophy was detected by head scans in all three patients. In both probands electromyograms were chacteriszed prominent, complex repetitive discharges in many muscles. Hexosaminidase A activities against the artificial substrate were similar to those reported in infantile Tay‐Sachs disease; however, the hexosaminidase A level against GM2 substrates was higher than that found infantile Tay‐Sachs disease. The hexosaminidase A levels of the parents were in the heterozygous range. Motor neuron disease in our patients and in those previously described appears to be park of a multisystem degeneration of the nervous system.


Abstract Suitable glycol ethers (3a–d, 4a–d) and halohydrine compounds (11a–c) were synthesized in good yield by the alkylation reactions of the oximes, having hydroxy and double bond in its structure, with mono‐ and dihalogenhydrines in the medium of basic and solid–liquid phase transfer catalyst. A series of aminoalcohols were synthesized from these compounds obtained (16a, 17b, 18b).


Government bonds are interest-bearing assets. Increasing public debt increases wealth, income and consumption demand. The smaller government expenditure is, the larger consumption demand must be in equilibrium, and the larger must be public debt. Conversely, lower public debt implies higher government spending and taxation. Public debt plays, thus, an important role in establishing equilibrium. It distributes output between consumers and government. In case of insufficient demand, a larger public debt entails higher private consumption and less public spending. If upper bounds on public debt are introduced (as in the Maastricht treaty), such constraints place lower bounds on taxation and public spending and may rule out macroeconomic equilibrium. As an aside, a minor flaw in Domar's (American Economic Review, 34 (4), pp. 798-827) classical analysis is corrected. Copyright © 2006 The Author; Journal compilation © 2006 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.


Abstract : A fundamental problem in economics is determining how agreements are reached in situations where the parties have some market power. Of particular interest are three questions of efficiency and distribution: (1) How efficient is the agreement? (2) How can efficiency be improved? (3) How are the gains from agreement divided among parties? Here I explore these questions in the context of bilateral monopoly, in which a buyer and a seller are bargaining over the price of an object. Two features of my analysis, which are important in any bargaining setting, are information and impatience. The bargainers typically have private information about their preferences and will suffer some delay costs if agreement is postponed. Information asymmetries between bargainers will often lead to inefficiencies: the bargainers will be forced to delay agreement in order to communicate their preferences. Impatience will tend to encourage an early agreement and will make the parties' communication meaningful. Those with high delay costs will accept inferior terms of trade in order to conclude agreement early; whereas, patient bargainers will choose to wait for more appealing terms of trade.


Abstract Havrda and Charvat's measure of entropy along with maximum entropy principle has been applied to generalize Herniter's probabilistic model of consumer purchase behaviour. The generalized model considered here gives different brand selection statistics for different products. Herniter's theory is shown to be a special case of the theory presented here.


The authors present their own positive experience of using a femoral endoprosthesis, manufactured by BEZNOSKA s.r.o. Company, for revision arthroplasty. The most common cause for replacing the endoprosthesis was aseptic instability, followed by septic instability, and, in rare cases, by periprosthetic fractures of the femur as result of injury.


The content of iron in two wine samples was measured according to national standards GB /T 15038-2006Common Analytic Methods for Grape Wine Fruit Wine. The uncertainty source in the whole measuring process was analyzed and each uncertainty component was evaluated and composed.The results revealed that the major source of uncertainty was the preparing of standard solution and the curve fitting and measurement.According to this method,the expanded uncertainty of iron content in two wine samples were 0.14mg /L and 0.15mg /L.


10519 Background: Aggressive fibromatosis (AF) or desmoid tumors are monoclonal proliferations which are locally invasive but do not metastasise. Sporadic tumors are usually associated with mutations in the beta-catenin gene CTNNB1whereas those occurring in the context of familial adenomatous polyposis usually have inactivating mutations in APC. Histologically they are characterised by nuclear expression of beta-catenin. When surgery and radiotherapy are not applicable or fail to control the disease, systemic treatment with anti-oestrogens, non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and chemotherapy can be used. A variety of regimens are reported to have activity including methotrexate/vinblastine and doxorubicin/dacarbazine. Recent reports indicate that single agent pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (Caelyx, C) is also effective.

METHODS
Ten patients with AF received C between June 2006 and December 2008. C was administered intravenously at 50 mg/m2 over 1 hour every 4 weeks.

RESULTS
The female/male ratio was 9:1 and the median age at presentation was 39.5 years (range 18-53). All patients had progressive fibromatosis. Fifty percent had previously been treated with surgery/radiotherapy or both. All but one had previous systemic therapy which comprised tamoxifen/toremifene (6), NSAIDs (1), chemotherapy (1) and imatinib (1). C was well tolerated with mucositis (6/10), palmar-plantar erythema (4/10) and fatigue (2/10) being the main toxicities. A dose reduction to 40 mg/m2 was required in 50% of cases hence the optimal dose lies between 40 and 50 mg/m2. One patient is currently receiving treatment and is too early to assess. For the nine patients who have completed treatment the median number of C cycles was 6 (range 4-6). Objective response according to RECIST was achieved in 4/10 patients and in 5 patients the best response was stable disease. Clinical benefit (pain relief, improved mobility) was observed in all patients. The duration of response ranged from 4 to 28 months.

CONCLUSIONS
This is the largest series of patients with AF receiving C presented to date. C as single agent therapy has acceptable toxicity and highly promising activity in unresectable AF and may provide long term clinical benefit in some patients. No significant financial relationships to disclose.


This paper is based on the estimation of the effects of the self-employment of the Roma on their social values and work attitudes. To provide the evidence for the possible positive outcomes of starting their own business, we used a quasi experimental design, i.e. we provided the design based on a comparison of the self-employed Roma (experimental group) and those who did not start their business (control group). We tested the operational hypothesis onto eight measurements of the values and work attitudes. As a method, OLS regression and logistic regression have been employed. We found that self-employment policy of Roma can significantly contribute to their positive work attitude, internal locus of control, interpersonal trust, perceived treatment by the majority and job satisfaction. However, we found no significant effect of starting new business by the Roma onto intrinsic work orientation, gender equality attitude and overall life satisfaction. We conclude that promoting and investing in self-employment policy of the Roma and marginalized groups in general can be an effective policy measure in improving their overall social inclusion.


Long term data is now available from the International Randomized Study of Interferon vs. STI571 (IRIS). We performed landmark analyses for pts on imatinib (IM) at 12 and 18 months (mos) (n=509 and n=480 respectively) and stratified for CCyR (Ph+ 0%), PCyR (Ph+ >0–35%) or No MCyR (Ph+ >35%) at both timepoints. Progression-free survival (PFS) included all progressions to accelerated phase or blast crisis during treatment with IM, whereas event-free survival (EFS) also included any loss of MCyR/CHR, increase in WBC and CML-unrelated deaths on treatment as events. Overall survival (OS) considered all deaths including those after discontinuation of IM and irrespective of whether pts went on to transplant. Although the level of cytogenetic response was predictive for long-term outcomes, PFS and OS were not statistically significantly different between 12-mos CCyR and PCyR. Note that 64% of PCyR pts and 36% of pts without MCyR at 12 mos subsequently achieved CCyR. Using the 18-mos landmark, 50% of PCyR pts and 27% of pts without MCyR achieved CCyR at a later time. Long-term outcomes were evaluated based on available BCR-ABL transcript levels in pts with CCyR. A 3-log reduction from standardized baseline value in untreated pts was defined as a major molecular response (MMR). No pts who achieved both CCyR and MMR at 12 or 18 mos progressed to AP/BC by 60 mos. Approximately 5% of pts with CCyR but no MMR at 12 mos (p=0.007) and only 2% of CCyR pts without MMR at 18 mos (p=0.11) subsequently progressed. Of approximately 25% of CCyR pts with available PCR analysis who did not achieve MMR at 18 mos, about half did achieve MMR at a later time and their estimated EFS rate at 60 mths was 91%. At 60 mos, 69% of patients randomized to IM remained on treatment. Achievement of CCyR and MMR by 12 and 18 mos after start of IM in newly diagnosed CML-CP are predictive for favorable long-term outcomes. About 50% of pts in PCyR or CCyR at these time points eventually achieve CCyR and MMR, respectively, on continued IM treatment. The ability to identify patients who may be late responders should be further studied.


Background: Exacerbations are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in COPD.

Aim: We aimed to elucidate the comorbidities of COPD patients in Singapore and their relation with exacerbation risk.

Method: Patients attending the Singapore General Hospital COPD clinic were studied. Clinical data captured (Redcap database) included: demographics, comorbidities and exacerbation history. Charlson Index, COPD-specific Comorbidity Test (COTE) and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Score (HADS) were calculated. Patients were categorized as "high" or "low" risk exacerbators according to GOLD 2014 guidelines.

Result: 71 COPD patients were included (97.2% males, 42.3% current smokers, postbr FEV1 54.8±18.3% predicted, COPD Assessment Test (CAT) score 15.7±8.1). Most common comorbidities were: cardiovascular diseases (53.5%), dyslipidemia (47.9%), gastric disorders (26.7%), (past) mycobacterial infection (22.5%) and diabetes mellitus (16.9%). 5.6% had asthma-COPD overlap syndrome (ACOS). Median Charlson index was 1 (IQR: 1-2), COTE index was 0 (0-1). Although <5% had formal diagnoses of anxiety (A)/depression (D), 18.3% had abnormal HADS-A and 19.7% abnormal HADS-D scores. 60.6% of patients were "high" risk exacerbators and had lower postbr FEV1 (p=0.03), higher HADS-A scores (p=0.05), more mycobacterial infections (30.9% vs 10.7%, p=0.048) and sputum non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) isolated (13.9 vs 0%, p=0.039).

Conclusion: Cardiovascular diseases, gastric disorders and mycobacterial infections were prevalent in our COPD patients. More severe airflow limitation, high anxiety scores, mycobacterial infection, and sputum NTM isolation were associated with an increased risk of exacerbation.


1. The importance of mixotrophic algae as key bacterivores in microbial food webs is increasingly acknowledged, but their effects on the next trophic level remain poorly understood. Their high stoichiometric food quality is contrasted by anti-grazing strategies. 2. We tested the quality of freshwater mixotrophs as prey for zooplankton, using four non-colonial chrysophyte species and a cryptophyte as a high quality reference food. We (1


This paper addresses primarily two questions. First, when (and why) should a company's strategy be developed by its CEO versus by some outside analyst or other insider? Second, how does strategy interact with vision (in the sense of a strong belief about the right course of action)? The paper studies these questions using a functional definition of strategy as "the smallest set of choices to optimally guide other choices." Among other things, the paper shows that strategy formulation by the CEO leads to both better strategy and better execution, and that a strategist's vision may improve execution. In the process, the paper also identifies criteria that make a decision strategic and derives explanations why strategies often reflect the background of the strategist. This paper was accepted by Bruno Cassiman, business strategy.


Serum growth hormone levels were measured in 12 young healthy females at a fixed post menstrual period. Intravenous insulin 0.1 U/kg was used as a challenge and the study was repeated after intramuscular injections of nandrolone phenyl propionate, an anabolic steroid. There was no change in growth hormone response to insulin hypoglycaemia after treatment with the anabolic steroid. SHORT COMMUNICATION


The invention relates to a method for using auxiliary data structure to realize database quick ciphertext inquire, wherein it comprises: building auxiliary data structure, maintaining auxiliary data structure and inquiring ciphertext. The invention is characterized in that: building the auxiliary data structure stored in the list of database for the ciphertext inquired word; in the normal operation of database, inserting the maintenance operation of auxiliary data structure; using auxiliary data structure to inquire ciphertext word. The invention can support the database system that not support ciphertext inquire to effectively ciphertext inquire the encrypted word, and it uses safe encrypt algorism and key, while it can fully use the mission mechanism and memory management mechanism of database system to manage mission and storage, to reduce the cost. The invention can be used in the database system of government, etc, to improve the safety property.


The invention relates to a transport container (10), especially a transport device (1) for a prefabricated piece (10). The transport device (1) comprises at least one transport unit (4, 50) which moves on a track, especially a curved track and is used for transmitting at least one container (10). The transport unit is at least indirectly connected to a drive unit, and is provided with a transport assembly (6, 51) and preferably a receiver device (8, 53) which moves with respect to the transport assembly and receives at least one container (10). The transport device should be aligned in response and in relation to at least one movement force imparted upon the receiver device or the container as a result of movement of the transport unit.


The general aim of this study was to provide an insight into the effectiveness of Information Technology (IT) in computerised maintenance management, with particular emphasis on the effect IT has on training, humsan relations and productivity as a function of position, age, experience and gender. The study follows up on previous work carried out by Clarke into the differing perceptions of management and support staff regarding the introduction of a computerised IT system into a large public service asset management organisation in Australia. The framework technique developed in this study was used to identify trends in perceptions of such fundamental facets as efficiency of training and information technology, the effect of information technology on human relations within the workplace, the perceived impact of information technology on the efficiency of occupational performance, as a function of position (within the organisation), age, experience and gender. The empirical data was collected through structured interview within a large public sector asset management organisation. The data was collated and examined under categories of training, human relations and productivity as a function of position, age, experience and gender. Results obtained from this study were statistically analysed to measure the significance of variations in perceptions between management and support staff, younger and older, inexperienced and experienced together with female and male staff. The analysis revealed that all groups perceived IT as beneficial in terms of training, human relations and both qualitative and quantitative outcomes. The level of satisfaction supports previous researchers findings regarding the benefits of IT in terms of other quantitative and qualitative outcomes, in industry. Further research is suggested in the areas of satisfaction with training for new IT implementations, level of perceived control in occupational performance, level of quality of service provided and the level of output as a function of IT.


Operations related to construction and/or installation of engineering structures involve risk to the structures themselves. Although the probability of occurrence may be low, the economic consequences in case of failure will in most cases be unacceptable and the safety of the operations may have to be improved. In the offshore industry this is particularly exemplified through the construction and installation of large offshore support structures. An example of the use of risk analysis as a tool to verify new engineering operations is given.


Abstract Eleven new radiocarbon assays generally support the consensus that bundled burial in dry rockshelter deposits was a Late Archaic mortuary practice in the Lower Pecos River region of Texas while also indicating that bundling may actually have begun in the Middle Archaic period, ca. 1000 years earlier than expected. Essentially, bundling consists of wrapping the flexed body of the deceased in a series of mats that are successively more coarsely woven. Grave goods, such as clothing, jewelry, tools, and basketry, may be included in the bundle which is tied together with cord or hair rope and buried in the deep ashy occupational debris left in the rockshelters over millennia. In this small sample, infants and adult males were more likely to be buried with grave goods, such as painted textiles, cradleboards, carrying baskets, and jewelry. The inclusion of both practical and ornamental artifacts suggests some belief in an afterlife where these objects would be used by the deceased.


Activation of sperm motility and capacitation are essential pre-requisite for successful fertilization. Elucidation of the biochemical mechanisms underlying these processes is central to our understanding of reproductive pathology affecting the male gamete and the development of novel approaches to fertility control. A key element of capacitation is the spontaneous increase in protein phosphorylation observed during sperm capacitation. If this protein phosphorylation event is suppressed, then sperm capacitation does not occur and the spermatozoa lose their ability to respond their physiological agonist essential for successful fertilization. The aim of our present study is to elucidate the effect of a dihydropyrimidone derivative, ethyl4-(3-nitro)-phenyl- 6-methyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine-5 carboxylate (nifetepimine) in sperm motility and capacitation using caprine model. Results show that nifetepimine significantly reduces sperm motility by modulating cAMP dependent protein kinase (PKA) activity and the content and/or localization of motility associated ser/thr/tyr phosphorylated proteins. Nifetepimine significantly decreases the tyrosineserine phosphorylation of proteins and changes their distribution pattern under capacitating condition. Also, the co-localization of nifetepimine with AKAP3 and PKA-RII subunit in caprine spermatozoa illuminate the mechanistic pathway by which nifetepimine modulates sperm function.In the present study we have explored how the sperm motility and capacitation are affected by nifetepimine, a synthetic dihydropyrimidone.


With the recent upsurge of interest in the physiology of lichens, the problem of obtaining quantities of fresh material at frequent and regular intervals has become increasingly important. Smith (personal communication) has largely circumvented the problem, since his experimental material is readily accessible from Oxford. However, in recent work on the nitrogen fixation in cephalodia of Peltigera aphthosa it has been necessary to collect material from Scotland and maintain it in a fresh condition in an urban environment for a period of months, drawing on the supply from time to time as experiments have progressed. A preliminary growth chamber which was built was successful for storage up to 3 months. It also demonstrated the practicability of such a project and emphasised some of the necessary environmental characteristics and the difficulty of maintaining them. The second version of a similar growth chamber has proved to be successful, and although further sophistication is possible, it is apparent that even a subarctic species such as P. aphthosa can be maintained in central London.


Regulator equations arise in studying the output regulation problem for nonlinear systems. The solvability of the regulator equations is the necessary condition for that of the output regulation problem. It has been shown under various assumptions that the solvability of the regulator equations can be reduced to that of a center manifold equation defined by the zero dynamics of a composite system consisting of the plant and exosystem. In this paper we further show that, for a quite general class of nonlinear systems, the solvability of the regulator equations can be reduced to that of a center manifold equation if the relative degree of the composite system at the origin exists.


Ab s t r Ac t Aim and objective: To evaluate the role of first-trimester 3D power Doppler of placental circulation and placental volume in the prediction of poor pregnancy outcomes. Materials and methods: This prospective cohort study included 375 pregnant women. 3D scans for the determination of placental volume and vascularization indices were performed. The primary outcome was the occurrence of preeclampsia (PE). Results: Placental 3D power Doppler indices were significantly lower in women who developed PE [vascularization index (VI) = 3.13 ± 2.1, flow index (FI) = 14.9 ± 9.3, vascularization flow index (VFI) = 0.1 ± 0.9] and fetal growth restriction (FGR) (VI = 4.5 ± 2.4, FI = 15.3 ± 7.9, VFI = 0.3 ± 0.6) compared with those who did not (VI = 9.7 ± 1.9, FI = 28.9 ± 4.6, VFI = 1.8 ± 1.4) (VI = 10.9 ± 1.6, FI = 30.9 ± 7.6, VFI = 1.9 ± 0.9), respectively (p < 0.001). The cutoff values for the prediction of PE were VI ≤ 3.22, FI ≤ 17.73, and VFI ≤ 0.5, while those for the prediction of intrauterine FGR were VI ≤ 4.12, FI ≤ 15.93, and VFI ≤ 0.3. Conclusion: First-trimester evaluation of placental bed vasculature with 3D power Doppler can be used as a good predictor of PE. Clinical significance: First-trimester 3D power Doppler of placental bed vasculature can help early prediction of PE and FGR allowing early intervention giving opportunity for better pregnancy outcomes.


AbstractTotal knee arthroplasties (TKAs) and total hip arthroplasties (THAs) have been proven to help improving the quality of life of numerous patients and have been regarded as successful standard operations in orthopaedic surgeries. However, there is still a lingering devastating complication in the form of peri-prosthetic joint infection (PJI). This condition can be difficult to diagnose and may present at any time after arthroplasty requiring surgical intervention, often multiple times. Surgical revisions due to infection requires multiple visits and longer length of stay resulting in greater hospital costs. As the number of arthroplasty procedures increases so does the number of PJIs and therefore revisions. In 2010 there were estimated 8 136 PJI cases associated with hips and 17 781 cases associated with the knee and it is projected to grow in 2020 to be 16 584 cases for hip and 48 971 cases for knee. This also translated in the increase of estimated cost from around $785 million in 2010 to $1.62 billion in 2020.


The parking space display of parking guidance sign boards would affect their effectiveness. Different parking space display locations would result in different parking choice behaviors of drivers. According to the mass parking guidance strategy including dividing parking zones and parking guidance sign levels, parking guidance signs are divided into four levels. The display content of every level of parking guidance sign is analyzed in detail. The second level parking guidance sign needs a method to confirm the parking space display. For making full use of the guidance function of guidance signs and avoiding local congestion caused by guidance, a planning model for determining optimal parking space display of the second level parking guidance sign was put forward to minimize the travel distance of vehicles entering guidance zones. The model assumes that the choice of parking does not change after entering the guidance zones and illegal parking was not incorporated.


This paper uses the method of the function of G to imitate to the sequence of hopping-frequency,then makes use of short-time Fourier transform to carry on the analysis and instantaneous frequency estimation.The analysis method could plot the time-frequency relation efficiently,and it has higher resolution on the time-frequency domain.The computer simulations are presented demonstrating the capabilities of the analysis method based on short-time Fourier transform.


Summary Hydraulic fracture creation, in unconventional resources, is essential for optimizing hydrocarbon recovery. Microseismic events are mainly small shear failures that occur adjacent to the hydraulic fracture as it propagates and destabilizes the reservoir. When these microseismic events are recorded and mapped, measurements of the hydraulic fracture dimensions in time are possible. With knowledge of reservoir parameters such as: in-situ stress, barrier layer stress contrasts, payzone and layered elastic and material properties and location of layered interfaces, the fracture geometry can also be modeled. We have developed a numerical algorithm that simulates three-dimensional fracture growth using these input parameters along with the concept of energy balance. Our work is based on Advani's (1990) approach that uses a symmetric three-layered homogeneous geologic model. The fracture is assumed to be a single planar elliptical tensile (Model I) crack that experiences several episodes of energy loss and transformation during propagation. Though many forms of energy losses occur during the hydraulic fracturing process, the ones mainly associated with tensile failure are considered: potential energy, the energy applied to open the fracture; strain energy, the energy used to deform the formation; and surface energy, the energy required to create a new fracture surface. The modeled fracture length, width, height and effective crack opening pressure are solved at different injection times. The calculated dimensions are compared to the mapped microseismic geometries and effective borehole treatment pressure. By sequentially adjusting the input parameters and comparing the model response to the microseismic image, we determine their influence on the resulting fracture geometry and pressure profile. This shows that energy considerations can serve as a practical method for determining fracture geometry.


ABSTRACT As one of the transgressive-regressive cycles in the Western Interior Basin, the Judith River-Claggett sequence created potential reservoirs for shallow biogenic gas. Across the Fort Peck Reservation in northeastern Montana, a distance of 75 mi (121 km), the Judith River Formation varies in thickness form 350 ft (105 m) in the west to 130 ft (39 m) in the east. Three distinct stratigraphic prisms are recognized in this cycle. A thick basal sandstone in the west formed in a shore environment with some deltaic sedimentation. This unit is time regressive, grading into a thin shelf sandstone, properly placed in the older, Claggett Formation. The two sandstone intervals of the main Judith River Formation are nonmarine in the west and become progressively younger as they prograde eastward into the Bearpaw (Pierre) shale. The lower unit is transitional to a shore facies and then to a shelf facies in the central reservation where it represents the maximum regression as an inner shelf ridge complex. Sand lenses reach 140 ft (43 m) in thickness. In the northeast another ridge complex formed farther out on the shelf. The upper sandstone is only a well developed shelf sand ridge in the north-central part of the reservation. Maximum sand thickness is 40 ft (12 m). At least three deltaic channel systems developed farther to the west. This unit may have signalled the last Cretaceous transgression which deposited the Bearpaw shale. Stratigraphic traps exist in the three sandstone units due to variation in grain size, clay content, and porosity associated with the progradational facies changes. In addition, structures associated with the Poplar Dome and the Wolf Creek Nose have created local trapping mechanisms. Judith River gas has been produced in the East Poplar Field for operational use. Shows have been reported in several reservation wells, although high mud weights and deeper exploration targets have prevented adequate evaluation of the Judith River gas resource.


This paper describes how a web-based eligibility process produces a less expensive cost per evaluation, increases the amount of professional advocacy and has received a much better community acceptance rate than in-persons assessments. It connects the right professional to the right application and then automates the recertification process.


There are many issues around the current approaches in diagnosing psychiatric illnesses. Most of the diagnoses are symptom-clusters and not etiology based. Although they are reliable constructs, their validity has always been debated. It is a common experience that the presentations of patients having even the same diagnosis vary considerably. Recently following the launch of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5, concerns have been raised about the possibility of over diagnosis and over-treatment of patients who are essentially well. To address these concerns, there is an initiative to move away from traditional diagnoses and study the clinical phenomena based on behavioral dimensions and neurobiological measures, which will support new ways of classifying mental disorders. Research domain criteria (RDoC) are a framework for collecting the information needed for a new nosology. Conceived as a matrix, RDoC is using different units of analysis to study various domains of functions. Without taking into account current diagnoses, it is trying to find out the abnormalities in different parameters from genes to physiology, circuits etc., in a given clinical presentation. This process will improve the understanding of clinical phenomena in a dimensional model and may ultimately help suggest more appropriate interventions leading to better outcomes for psychiatric disorders.


European schools should improve their methods for teaching migrant students. The European Union has been making efforts to meet the needs of migrant students for some time. From the 2009 Eurydice report 'Integrating Immigrant Children into Schools in Europe', which suggests measures to foster inclusion in the larger community and communication with parents, to the UK 'National Curriculum Statutory Guidance' (Department of Education 2014), which requires that teachers must take into account the needs of pupils whose first language is not English, efforts are being made at every level. Nevertheless, change is slow and the current unprecedented number of refugees and migrants is overwhelming. The Migrant Integration Policy Index (2015) accuses, 'Countries respond to large numbers and poor outcomes of immigrant pupils with many new, but weak targeted education policies, which are not always well implemented or effective in practice'. Research has determined factors that affect the educational performance of immigrant students in the school setting (Nusche, 2009). There are four main academic challenges faced by immigrant students: mastering the language of education, developing a sense of belonging, educational achievement and having a less concentrated number of migrant students within a classroom or school. When these factors are adequately addressed, migrant students achieve better in school. In order to facilitate integration of immigrants, in 2014 the EU reaffirmed the Common Basic Principles for Immigrant Integration Policy as the framework for EU policy cooperation. It requires member countries to assess their efforts. Notably, education is the second item listed to be assessed. Knowing the language is of key importance in learning. Communication in informal settings helps the child to feel part of the class, to integrate into the surroundings and make friends with native-born students. Lack of language skills in parents hinders their participation in the community and their willingness to take advantage of local resources like nursery school,


Current studies on the age-related development of metabolic dysfunction and frailty are each day in more evidence. It is known, as aging progresses, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) levels decrease in an expected physiological process. Recent studies have shown that a reduction in NAD+ is a key factor for the development of age-associated metabolic decline. Increased NAD+ levels in vivo results in activation of pro-longevity and health span-related factors. Also, it improves several physiological and metabolic parameters of aging, including muscle function, exercise capacity, glucose tolerance, and cardiac function in mouse models of natural and accelerated aging. Given the importance of monitoring cellular NAD+ and NADH levels, it is crucial to have a trustful method to do so. This protocol has the purpose of describing the NAD+ and NADH extraction from tissues and cells in an efficient and widely applicable assay as well as its graphic and quantitative analysis.


With environmental concerns on the rise, clam processing plants in New Brunswick are being asked to dispose of waste shells in an environmental friendly manner. A previous study on clam processing wastes (CPW) showed their potential as an agricultural liming agent. However, CPW must meet provincial (e.g., New Brunswick and Quebec) and national (e.g., Canada and United States of America) standards for the utilization of wastes as soil additives, particularly with regard to heavy metal and faecal coliform contamination, before they may be spread on agricultural lands. In this study, the chemical and microbiological properties of CPW were characterized. The presence of faecal coliforms and Escherichia coli in the CPW was below the most probable number (MPN) method detection limit (< 3 MPN g-1 dry weight), indicating an absence of contamination by human or animal feces. Where total coliforms were detected, levels were far below the most restrictive standard for faecal coliforms (1000 MPN g-1, dry weight). Lev...


This research was held in Perum Perhutani Office region, Central Java
Division. The puspose of this research is to know the removal procedures of
department's transportation device which done by Perum Perhutani DIVRE
JATENG. In this research the author used observation method, interview and
literature review. Observation method is done during the internship of the
author, the interview was made by giving a question and directly answered by the
worker who handles the removal of the department's transportation device, and
the literature review made by search and select the tire from reference books that
support or useful. The author makes this research because the transportation
device is an important substance to support the success of the work.
The transportation device has been passed through supplied stage so
basically, in physics, the device is ready to use as the necessary, on the next stage
in a certain period the device will decrease in ability and appearance either
technically or economically. Those problems will cause a lot of cost for the
maintenance, control or repair. Based on those facts, then come the concept
about the removal of transportation device that's less or no longer useful. In
general, removal can be said to be the effort and activity of the liberation of the
transportation device from accountability for a reason that can be accounted for.
In the overall process of the removal, transportation device already well,
the procedures and administration are very clear, complete and detailed based
on PER02/MBU/2010 Procedures for Removal and Displacement of Assets in the
State Property of State Enterprises. During removal execution, since the proposal
till approval and auction submission till the determination of auction scheduled
for KPKNL need a lot of time. So the author recommends to re-submit an
extension letter for the removal period.


Objective:To study the effect of scopolamine on the formation of conditioned place preference.Methods:20 mice were randomly divided into 2 groups:morphine group and morphine + scopolamine.The first group received morphine 9mg/kg,sc,and were paired randomly with black or white box of the apparatus of conditioned place preference for 20min,and 8hr later,they were received saline of the same amount and paired with the other box for the same time.The second group received scopolamine 2mg/kg,i.p.20min prior to morphine,other procedures are all the same.After 5 days of training,the test of conditioned place preference was performed,and the time spent in each of the box was recorded for each mouse.Results:The time spent in drug-paired box were longer for the morphine group,but there were no significant differences in the time spent in each of the box for the morphine plus scopolamine group.Conclusion:Scopolamine can block morphine-induced conditioned place preference.


Robots increasingly have the potential to interact with people in daily life. It is believed that, based on this ability, they will play an essential role in human society in the not-so-distant future. This article examined the proposition that robots could form relationships with children and that children might learn from robots as they learn from other children. In this article, this idea is studied in an 18-day field trial held at a Japanese elementary school. Two English-speaking "Robovie" robots interacted with first- and sixth-grade pupils at the perimeter of their respective classrooms. Using wireless identification tags and sensors, these robots identified and interacted with children who came near them. The robots gestured and spoke English with the children, using a vocabulary of about 300 sentences for speaking and 50 words for recognition. The children were given a brief picture-word matching English test at the start of the trial, after 1 week and after 2 weeks. Interactions were counted using the tags, and video and audio were recorded. In the majority of cases, a child's friends were present during the interactions. Interaction with the robot was frequent in the 1st week, and then it fell off sharply by the 2nd week. Nonetheless, some children continued to interact with the robot. Interaction time during the 2nd week predicted improvements in English skill at the posttest, controlling for pretest scores. Further analyses indicate that the robots may have been more successful in establishing common ground and influence when the children already had some initial proficiency or interest in English. These results suggest that interactive robots should be designed to have something in common with their users, providing a social as well as technical challenge.


Current transcriptomic classification of Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) has been ineffective to predict survival and therapeutic vulnerabilities. Recently, we proposed a four-group functional classification of GBM that included proliferative/progenitor, neuronal, mitochondrial and glycolytic/plurimetabolic subtypes with prognostic and therapeutic implications as the mitochondrial subtype carries the best survival and exhibits distinct sensitivity to mitochondrial OXPHOS inhibitors. To uncover novel therapeutic targets for each functional GBM subtype, we focused on protein kinases for their attractive features as both drivers and drug targets, with current availability of 62 FDA-approved inhibitors available for cancer precision therapeutics. We designed an unbiased integrative, machine learning-based proteomics/phosphoproteomics network for the identification of Master Kinases (MKs) responsible for effecting key phenotypic hallmarks of each of the four GBM subtypes. Here we report the identification and validation of protein kinase C delta (PRKCd) and DNA-PKcs as MKs that sustain the glycolytic/plurimetabolic and proliferative/progenitor GBM subtypes, respectively. Genetic and pharmacologic inactivation of PKCd in GBM patient-derived organoids of the glycolytic/plurimetabolic subtype blocked glucose uptake and lipid accumulation, resulting in marked anti-tumor effects. We also validated the role of PKCd in oncometabolic processes at the intersection between insulin, IGF, and lipid metabolism. DNA-PKcs was qualified as MK for the proliferative/progenitor GBM subtype, which is characterized by high basal level of replication stress. Biochemical experiments showed activation of DNA-PK in GBM patient-derived organoids of the proliferative/progenitor subgroup. Targeting DNA-PK in proliferative/progenitor GBM organoids with the clinically tested DNA-PKcs inhibitor nedisertib in association with gamma irradiation, the essential component of the standard of care for patients with GBM, led to an unsustainable level of DNA damage and massive GBM cell death selectively in this GBM subtype. As DNA-PKcs inhibitors have been introduced into clinical trials, our findings suggest that pre-selection of patient with PPR tumors is likely to enhance therapeutic success.


Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy of fine tuning diopter calibration center positioning rod method in the insertion of the distal screws in interlocking intramedullary nailing of femoral shaft fractures. Methods Seventy cases with femoral shaft fractures treated by interlocking intramedullary nails fixation in our hospital from June 2011 to June 2013 were selected and divided into the study group and the control group with 35 cases in each. Patients in the study group were treated by distal intramedullary nails interlocking with fine tuning diopter calibration center positioning rod method,and those in the control group were treated by distal intramedullary nails interlocking under X-ray after they failed the interlocking with traditional method. And the surgical effect of the two groups was compared. Results Compared with the control group, the study group had higher one-time success rate of locking(94.29% vs 14.29%), shorter duration of procedure[(55±10.27)min vs(84±18.48)min], less intraoperative X-ray quantity[(0.011±0.002)m R/hr vs(1.119±0.028)m R/hr]. Conclusion Insertion of the distal screws in interlocking intramedullary nailing of femoral shaft fractures with fine tuning diopter calibration center positioning rod method has the advantages of simple operation, short time of locking with high success rate and little damage to the patients, so it is worthy of clinical promotion


Stability of partially submerged slopes is analysed when dealing with water front structures such as reservoirs. This work presents a numerical study of the stability of partially submerged cohesionless slopes under no flow conditions. The analysis shows that critical conditions occur when water level is located close to the mid‐height of the slope. Safety factor for such cases may be significantly lower than the classical result tan(ϕ)/tan(β), and the critical slip surfaces does not approach the surface of the slope. This apparent anomaly is related to a reduction in normal stresses and frictional resistance over submerged parts of the slip surface. These effects are particularly significant for flat slopes and low ratios of submerged to total unit weights. Commercially available slope stability software using common slope stability methods (e.g. Bishop's) can detect this behaviour with reasonable accuracy; however, when conducting such an analysis, the user needs to be aware of the counterintuitive behaviour of partially submerged cohesionless slopes in order to analyse the critical conditions. An instructive stability chart provides an overview of the effects of submergence thus drawing the attention of professionals to the observed phenomenon and its potential extent. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The percentage of fine roots colonized by arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi varied with season and with species in the co-dominant shrubs Lurreu tridentutu and Ambrosia dumosu at a site adjacent to the Nevada Desert FACE (Free-Air CO{sub 2} Enrichment) Facility (NDFF) in the Mojave Desert. We excavated downward and outward from the shrub bases in both species to collect and examine fine roots (< 1.0 mm diameter) at monthly intervals throughout 2001 and from October 2002 to September 2003. Fungal structures became visible in cleared roots stained with trypan blue. We quantified the percent colonization of roots by AM fungi via the line intercept method. In both years and for both species, colonization was highest in fall, relatively low in spring when root growth began, increased in late spring, and decreased during summer drought periods. Increases in colonization during summer and fall reflect corresponding increases in precipitation. Spring mycorrhizal colonization is low despite peaks in soil water availability and precipitation, indicating that precipitation is not the only factor influencing mycorrhizal colonization. Because the spring decrease in mycorrhizal colonization occurs when these shrubs initiate a major flush of fine root growth, other phenological events such as competing demands for carbon by fine root initiation, early season shoot growth, and flowering may reduce carbon availability to the fungus, and hence decrease colonization. Another possibility is that root growth exceeds the rate of mycorrhizal colonization.


The VIIRS (Visible-Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite) instrument onboard the Suomi NPP (National Polar-orbiting Partnership) spacecraft started acquiring Earth observations in November 2011. Since then, radiometric calibration applied to the VIIRS RSB (Reflective Solar Band) measurements for the SDR (Sensor Data Record) production has been improved several times. In this paper, timeline of the main upgrades to the calibration software and parameters is compared with the changes of the radiometric coefficients applied in the operational production of the VIIRS SDR. Initially, radiometric calibration coefficients were updated once per week to correct for the responsivity degradation that occurs for some of the sensor's spectral bands due to contamination of the VIIRS telescope's mirrors. Despite the frequent updates, discontinuities in the radiometric calibration could still affect ocean color time series. In August 2012, magnitude of the radiometric coefficient changes was greatly reduced by implementing a procedure that predicts (about a week ahead) values of the calibration coefficients for each Earth scan until a subsequent update. The updates have been continued with the weekly frequency, and the coefficient prediction errors were monitored by comparisons with the initial invariant coefficients from the following week. The predicted coefficients were also compared with the coefficients derived once per orbit from the onboard solar diffuser measurements by an automated procedure implemented in the VIIRS data operational processing software. The paper evaluates the changes in the VIIRS RSB coefficient updates for bands M1 to M7 and potential impacts of these changes on ocean color applications.


explain the temporal and spatial heterogeneity of usual interstitial pneumonia? As an alternative possibility, oxidative stress has been implicated in IPF pathogenesis and is also associated with ER stress. The profibrotic cytokine, transforming growth factorb1, incites myofibroblast production of reactive oxygen species, which induces epithelial cell apoptosis (16). But, if ER stress in IPF is caused by reactive oxygen species generated by mesenchymal cells within fibroblastic foci, how can we explain ER stress in histologically normal lung? It seems likely that several different causes of ER stress, alone or in combination, might contribute to the development of IPF. In a broader context, the differences between IPF and COPD in the current study provide insight into reparative responses to lung injury. The concept of an apoptosis paradox, by which epithelial cells undergo excessive apoptosis and mesenchymal cells resist apoptosis, has been proposed in the pathogenesis of IPF (3). Interestingly, this study shows that alveolar epithelial cell apoptosis is a feature of both IPF and emphysema. Yet, in IPF, apoptosis is associated with accumulation of connective tissue, whereas in emphysema it is associated with the destruction of connective tissue. The dichotomy of apoptotic mechanisms, in light of the pathologic differences between IPF and emphysema, suggests that epithelial–mesenchymal cross-talk may differ in the context of ER stress compared with other stimuli of apoptosis. Might there be something specific to the ER stress response that stimulates the mesenchymal cell reparative response? The studies by Korfei and colleagues and Lawson and associates provide intriguing hints into the pathogenesis of IPF. Yet, these studies represent only the beginning of a novel line of mechanistic investigation, and they raise many important questions that will be the focus of IPF research for years to come. The most important of these is, can targeted modulation of ER stress pathways influence the outcome of lung injury and repair, and therefore serve as a novel strategy for treatment of IPF?


Internships have become a
prominent feature of the UK jobs
landscape. For many professional
careers there is now an expectation
that graduates will go through
an internship (or even several
internships) before starting a full-time
paid role. This has led to growing
concern about the extent to which
internships are paid, and the impact
of unpaid internships on social
mobility


The present invention includes a fabric supply station of the web (4) (2), and the printing station for printing the fabric web (8), and a print fixing station (20), printed fabric strips, in particular printed label strip of manufacturing apparatus for the continuous production. Performance is improved by the present invention, apparatus, textile web (4) of the width (B1) corresponding to a multiple of the width (B2) of the printed textile strip (18) can be processed. Print station (8) to print a single print line per textile strip (8). To cut the fabric strips (4) in the longitudinal direction between printed lines, arranging a longitudinal cutting station (22) to the subsequent printing station (8).


Independent nursing agencies have launched legal action against NHS Professionals, claiming the government's in-house agency is guilty of illegal business practices.


[Sir Francis Galton, F.R.S., who died on January 17 last, was born on February 16, 1822, and was therefore within a month of completing his 89th year. He was the son of a Birmingham banker by a daughter of Erasmus Darwin, and he married, in 1853, a daughter of Dean Butler, of Peterborough. His work in science took him into many fields, for he was explorer and geographer, anthropologist and biologist, biometrecian and meteorologist, and finally the originator of Eugenics. He invented the word "anti-cyclone," and devised the graphic method of recording weather changes familiar to everyone through the daily charts in the Times. He introduced, in 1875, the process of verifying thermometers and certifying watches now in common use, and his name is associated with the early applications of the finger-print system. His anthropological studies led him to inquire into the inheritance of physical characteristics, and in 1869 he published "Hereditary Genius," the first of the series of monographs forming his distinctive title to fame as an initiator. Other volumes were: "English Men of Science: their Nature and Nurture," 1874; "Human Faculty," 1883; "Natural Inheritance," 1889; and, in collaboration with Dr. Edgar Schuster, "Noteworthy Families (Modern Science)," 1906. In his Huxley Lecture (1901) on "The Possible Improvement of the Human Breed under existing conditions of Law and Sentiment," he gave a first form to the eugenic ideas afterwards developed before the Sociological Society. Honours, even scientific honours, came to Galton very late in life. He was 87 when he received his knighthood. In the most commonly consulted book of biographical reference he characteristically put down his recreations as "sunshine, quiet, and good wholesome food."]


We proposed new snow grain model and snow impurity mixture models for the purpose of accurate retrievals of snow grain size and concentration of light‐absorbing particles (LAP) in snow from the optical remote sensing data. Two kinds of ice crystal models, irregularly shaped Voronoi columns, and Voronoi aggregates were employed. LAP can be captured by the snow through two processes: dry and wet deposition. Two different snow impurity mixture models were proposed. One is an external mixture model. We employed a coated sphere model in which soot were hydrophilic particles to represent a hygroscopic property of aerosol and assumed the hydrophilic soot particles to be externally mixed with snow particles. The other is an internal mixture model. We employed a dynamic effective medium approximation method in which soot particles were randomly located within snow particle with any size distribution and number concentration. Validation of these models is conducted using a ground‐based spectral radiometer system with in situ measurement data. For snow grain size retrievals, a Voronoi mixture model seamlessly representing a geometrical shape and an optical properties of various snow types can provide accurate retrievals. For the retrieval of LAP concentration in snow, employing different mixing state models depending on season and measurement site gives accurate results. We also discussed the uncertainty of retrieved snow parameters on the surface slope involved in the retrieval accuracy. These models are expected to be useful for advanced airborne/satellite remote sensing and climate studies via radiative transfer modeling in the atmosphere‐snow system.


Planning in severely time constrained problem domains often requires, in addition to temporal constraint satisfaction, resource allocation, as well as attention to efficiency of resource utilization. The simulated annealing heuristic paradigm, which derives from statistical mechanics concepts, offers an approach for solving planning problems where both time constraints are particularly demanding and the other constraints are heterogeneous. This paper describes simulated annealing and presents an application in the context of scheduling of Army unit training. The method proved successful in the prototype system and appears promising for application to other domains involving complex scheduling problems.


The article presents the analysis of the section characteristics for bandpass filters on resonators based on bulk acoustic waves (BAW). Ladder filters on BAW resonators consisting of a different number of L-shaped sections are considered. Using the electric equivalent Butterworth-Van Dyke model, the characteristics of the L-shaped sections consisting of microelectronic BAW resonators and used to build ladder bandpass filters are obtained. Analyzing the obtained characteristics, it was found the influence of the number of L-shaped sections in the filter on the filter passband, the signal attenuation in the passband, and the phase shift of the output signal.


Reaction of the mononuclear complex [3-{(1-3)-η3-C8H13}-1,2-(CH3)2-3,1,2-IrC2B9H9] (1) with air or oxidizing reagent (C6H5CO2)2 unexpectedly produces μ,η-COD-ligated biiridacarboranes [Ir(η1,η5-1,n-(CH3)2C2B9H8)(η1,η4-C8H12)Ir(η5-1,2-(CH3)2C2B9H9)], isolated as 3,1,2 (2, n = 2) and 2,1,8 (3, n = 8) isomers. Complex 2 could be rearranged into 3 via thermal reaction in toluene. Both complexes 2 and 3 were characterized by 1H, 13C{1H}, and 11B/11B{1H} NMR spectroscopy and, in addition, by single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies.


The pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) decomposition of continuous phase modulation (CPM) signals has been recently revamped to give another view of ternary shaped offset quadrature phase shift keying (SOQPSK) signals as duobinary CPMs. Taking advantage of this approach, we propose a new linear detector that operates using a decision feedback mechanism. We show that the proposed solution offers a very acceptable bit error rate (BER) performance without the need to employ a Viterbi algorithm.


Rheumatoid arthritis is an abnormal of immune system which affected several systems in the body. Cervical spine is one of the target organs. Patients may represent with neck pain, instability of neck, bony subluxation, spinal cord or brain stem compression, and no symptom in some cases. Cervical spine instability was classified to three types: atlantoaxial subluxation, atlantoaxial impaction and subaxial subluxation. The most common level of cervical spine involvement is C1-2 (atlantoaxial subluxation). Forty seven rheumatoid arthritis patients in Khon Kaen Hospital were recruited. Abnormal anterior atlantodental interval were found in 11 patients (23.4%). None of them showed abnormal posterior atlantodental interval and neurological deficit. There was no significant difference in relation to age, gender, duration to diagnosed, steroid usage, serology of rheumatoid factor and anterior atlantodental subluxation between those with normal & abnormal anterior atlantodental interval. Rheumatoid arthritis patients had tendency to have abnormal anterior atlantodental interval which more frequent than abnormal posterior atlantodental interval. Therefore, we should aware of anterior atlantdental suluxation in rheumatoid arthritis patients.


The Sensor Measurement Lists (SenML) media types support multiple types of values, from numbers to text strings and arbitrary binary Data Values. In order to facilitate processing of binary Data Values, this document specifies a pair of new SenML fields for indicating the content format of those binary Data Values, i.e., their Internet media type, including parameters as well as any content codings applied. Stream: RFC: Category: Published: ISSN: Authors: Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) 9193 Standards Track June 2022 2070-1721 A. Keränen Ericsson C. Bormann Universität Bremen TZI Status of This Memo This is an Internet Standards Track document. This document is a product of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). It represents the consensus of the IETF community. It has received public review and has been approved for publication by the Internet Engineering Steering Group (IESG). Further information on Internet Standards is available in Section 2 of RFC 7841. Information about the current status of this document, any errata, and how to provide feedback on it may be obtained at . https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc9193 Copyright Notice Copyright (c) 2022 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the document authors. All rights reserved. Keränen & Bormann Standards Track Page 1 This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal Provisions Relating to IETF Documents ( ) in effect on the date of publication of this document. Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect to this document. Code Components extracted from this document must include Revised BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as described in the Revised BSD License. https://trustee.ietf.org/license-info Table of


The ATO has a new and positive view on SMSFs lending to property trusts. However, advisers must exercise caution before applying the result.


The ARL (Association of Research Libraries) E-Metrics project is a concerted effort by the research library community to investigate various problems related to collecting and using data for electronic materials and services. A survey was conducted involving twenty-four libraries during the first phase of the project to learn about current data collection activities. Twenty-two libraries responded to the survey. The results show that a number of libraries are not well prepared to collect, to analyze, and to report data related to networked resources and services. Libraries need to determine their data needs and the amount of resource that they can commit for data collection and use activities. The results also identified the lack of consistent and comparable statistics from database vendors as a main challenge and an area in which libraries and vendors must work together for solutions.


This poster presents an overview of the São Tomé Map Project, the culmination of research conducted as part of the ongoing collaboration between representatives of the country of São Tomé and the Community Informatics Initiative (CII), a research and teaching center at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UIUC). The project's goal was (and remains) to ensure the people of São Tomé access to, and ownership of, relevant local spatial data so they could better make informed decisions and policies governing development of their land, resources and civic infrastructure. To this end, an interdisciplinary crew of researchers teamed up with key São Tomé locals to work towards empowering the community to address civic and environmental challenges through the use of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and innovative collaborative web-based tools like Omeka, Greenstone and Wordpress. Out of this work came a potentially important contribution to academic scholarship and community development practice: a process and associated model intended to aid in the assembly of spatial data infrastructure (SDI) in similar settings, such as in other post-colonial developing countries. The related poster introduces viewers to the social context surrounding São Tomé, the purpose and application of SDI's and GIS, and substantively reviews the project development process and associated exemplar supportive technologies. View this poster online at http://communityinformaticsprojects.org/SaoTomePosterPDF.pdf.


The total oxidation resistance of ethanol extracts were determined from shoots and shells of Phyllostachys pubescens, Phyllostachys praecox and Dendrocalamus latiflorus.The elimination of DPPH?,OH? and O_2~-were determined through spectrophotometry,phenanthroline spectrophotometry and pyrogallol autoxidation.The comparative reducing power was determined by Prussian blue reaction,and the total oxidation resistance was based on FRAP assay.The results showed that the content of crude extracts was positively related with the elimination of DPPH?,the elimination of OH ?,the elimination of O_2~-,comparative reducing power and total oxidation resistance.The results of antioxidant activity of crude extracts showed that Phyllostachys pubescens was the best among three kinds of bamboos,and Phyllostachys praecox was better than Dendrocalamus latiflorus.In comparision to the winter,the antioxidant activity of Phyllostachys pubescens was better in the spring than those in th winter.


Tetragnatha versicolor is an orb weaving spider that can be found throughout North America from Alaska to Nicaragua. This along with the fact the T. versicolor is a habitat generalist means that the species encounters a diverse array of insect prey species throughout its range. The purpose of this study is to determine if two populations of T. versicolor that feed on different insect species also differentially express venom genes.


Australia's first pill testing trial will be held at a music festival in Canberra later this year, prompting applause from drug reform advocates but concern from the Federal Government.


Senescent petioles of Coleus rehneltianus Berger. Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Saxa. Acer pseudoplatanus L., and senescent fruit stalks of Malus domestica Borkh. cv. Golden Delicious contain at least three abscission accelerating substances, which were isolated by extraction with methanol or with water and by diffusion into agar. They were purified by thin-layer chromatography and bioassayed in a special abscission test using Coleus explants. Two of these abscission accelerators could be conclusively identified by thin-layer chromatography and by gas chromatography as abscisic acid and xanthoxin. The third substance, which has acidic properties and is less polar than abscisic acid, could not be identified. The concentration and the absolute amount of abscisic acid in Coleus petioles were found to decrease during their development, young petioles having the highest concentration. No evidence was found that the three abscission accelerators or synthetic abscisic acid and xanthoxin affect the production of ethylene in Caleus explatns. The results obtained do not support the hypothesis that senescent petioles contain a specific "senescence factor", which stimulates abscission via ethylene production.


The objective of this article is to present the conception of the stakeholders in managing the organization. The paper discussed the typology of stakeholders and ways of engaging stakeholders in the activities of the organization. Next, the process of determining of stakeholders was analyzed and the proposition of value for stakeholders included in the strategy of community was presented on the example of Inowroclaw. In order to obtain implementation and monitoring results of strategy prepared stakeholders perspective dedicated to Balanced Scorecard with measures to monitor the effects of realizing strategy goals.


Assistant Professor, Northern Environmental Geoscience Laboratory, Department of Geography and Planning, Queen's University (corresponding author). Email: email@example.com Department of Geography, Environment and Geomatics, University of Ottawa. Email: firstname.lastname@example.com Northern Environmental Geoscience Laboratory, Department of Geography and Planning, Queen's University. Email: firstname.lastname@example.com Department of Lands and Natural Resources, Nunatsiavut Government. Email: email@example.com


The compound 2-(4-bromophenyl)-3-(4-methylphenyl)-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one was synthesized. The compound crystallizes in the orthorhombic system with space group Pbca and the cell parameters are a = 12.364(1)A, b = 13.179(3)A, c = 18.653(4)A, Z = 8, V = 3039(1)A3. The final residual factor is R1 = 0.066. The compound exhibits an intermolecular hydrogen bond of type C-H…Br.


There are many problems in English teaching for preschool education majors( not bilingual direction), such as course offfered, professional teachers、teaching materials choice、students' passivity, teaching mode etc. Thus it is very important to search for some strategies to change it. The followings can be done: optimizing the curriculurm,training the professional teachers, integrating the teaching materials,stimulating the students' interest, promoting the reformation of the teaching mode, etc.


Periodontitis and its association with systemic diseases such as diabetes has been the focus of much interest recently. Diabetes associated with periodontal pathogens can result in periodontal tissue damage and hence in periodontal disease. In the same way, periodontal disease is also involved in the worsening of various systemic diseases through the inflammation process. Inflammation, due to microbial flora of the oral cavity and resulting infection, plays a central role in the development and the interrelation between the two diseases. The inflammatory markers which are responsible for the development of insulin resistance are present at a high level in the case of patients with periodontitis, who are thus in danger of developing insulin resistance and its further worsening. This paper is intended to provide information regarding the role of periodontal disease in systemic disease, and the bidirectional relationship between periodontitis and diabetes.


Pustulosis palmaris et plantaris (P.P.P.) is a skin disease of unknown etiology. It is commonly associated with sternocostclavicular hyperostosis, sacroiliitis and vertebral hyperostosis, but rarely with coxarthritis. This is a case report of P.P.P. associated with coxarthritis. A 45-year-old male noticed a skin eruption on the palms beginning about 1975. Ten years later, he noticed changes in the fingernails and had low back pain. He received no treatment. He had left coxalgia in March of 1986 and came to our hospital in April. Laboratory tests showed ESR 61/hr, CRP (3+) and RA (-). The range of motion in the left hip and lumbar spine was restricted. He had swelling and oppressive pain in the sternocostclavicular region. Radiographic findings indicated both osteolytic and osteoplastic changes in the left hip and sternocostclavicular region, accompanied with ankylosis in the lumbar spine. Later the patient was diagnosed as having P.P.P. by a dermatologist. A bone scintigram taken in October, 1986, indicated high uptake of isotope in the sternocostclavicular region, lumbar spine and left hip. Open biopsy of the left hip was performed in November. Histological examination revealed nonspecific chronic inflammation, while bacteriological examinations were negative. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs were not effective in relieving the pain. Thus, prednisolone (PSL) was concomitantly administered for one month and the skin eruptions disappeared within key words : pustulosis palmaris et plantaris, arthro-osteitis, hip joint, total hip replacement


This paper introduces a Windows-based signal capture, display, and waveform synthesis package called 'Win-eLab'. The software is able to run on a conventional desktop or laptop with no additional hardware, and can perform real-time Fourier analysis on audio-frequency signals. This paper is intended as an introduction to Win-eLab, aimed at motivating further use of it in both teaching and self-directed learning contexts. The use of the software to familiarize students with the concept of 'laboratory' instrumentation is discussed, as well as the usefulness of a simultaneous time-domain/frequency-domain display for understanding signals, particularly in signal processing and communications systems courses. It is anticipated that applications may extend beyond electrical and electronic engineering – for example, as an aid to understanding mechanical vibrations, acoustics, and in other discipline areas.


Laboratory studies and field experiments were made with device for removal of large sediments from canals; review of formerly used such devices and tunnel ejectors; author calls new device vortex tube sand trap; test results with various forms and with various flow and sediment conditions; design requirements and design calculations are given.


Fingers of the hand are interdependent: when a person moves one finger or produces a force with a fingertip, other fingers of the hand also move or show force production. Hence, no direct correspondence exists between the neural commands to individual fingers and finger forces. This presentation deals with the neural network modeling of finger interaction.


This paper deals with the open issue of finding a stable element in an affine polynomial family, a difficult design problem occurring when stabilizing a given SISO plant with a fixed order compensator whose parameters are subject to interval constraints. Using a rank-one LMI formulation of the problem, a tractable linearization heuristic is developed, which proves efficient in practice, as illustrated by intensive numerical experiments.


AUTHOR Huston, Holly L. TITLE Meaningfulness, Statistical Significance, Effect Size, and Power Analysis: A General Discussion with Implications for MANOVA. PUB DATE Nov 93 NOTE 29p.; Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Mid-South Educational Research Association (22nd, New Orleans, LA, November 9-12, 1993). PUB TYPE Reports Evaluative/Feasibility (142) -Speeches/Conference Papers (150)


The aim of this study is to extend the results concerning the Shannon entropy and Kullback–Leibler divergence in sequential effect algebra to the case of Rényi entropy and Rényi divergence. For this purpose, the Rényi entropy of finite partitions in sequential effect algebra and its conditional version are proposed and the basic properties of these entropy measures are derived. In addition, the notion of Rényi divergence of a partition in sequential effect algebra is introduced and the basic properties of this quantity are studied. In particular, it is proved that the Kullback–Leibler divergence and Shannon's entropy of partitions in a given sequential effect algebra can be obtained as limits of their Rényi divergence and Rényi entropy respectively. Finally, to illustrate the results, some numerical examples are presented.


Objective: This study examines the relative relationships of self- and other-reports of adult ADHD symptoms to important life competencies, and also investigates whether self- and other-reports of ADHD symptoms are differentially associated with interrater differences in reports of competence. Method: A total of 91 women completed a self-perception questionnaire assessing competence. Other individuals who knew the women well completed the same questionnaire with regard to the women. The women's ADHD symptoms were also rated by themselves and others. Results: Regressions of self- and other-reports of ADHD symptoms on competence scores suggest that other-reports of ADHD symptoms are more valid than self-reports. Also, correlations between reports of ADHD symptoms and interrater differences in rated competence were consistent with a positive illusory bias among women with high ADHD symptoms. Conclusion: Other-reports of ADHD symptoms may be better associated with an individual's competence than self-reports.


Purpose: Small (6 to 10 mm) and diminutive colon polyps (below 5 mm) are routinely removed at the time of colonoscopy for the prevention of colon cancer. Our aims in this study were to determine clinicopathologic features and frequency of significant synchronous neoplastic lesions of small colon polyps and diminutive colon polyps and to investigate development of colorectal carcinoma via surveillance colonoscopy. Methods: We evaluated medical reports of all patients undergoing total colonoscopic examination over a 12-month period. Three hundred thirty nine small colorectal polyps, removed during colonoscopy, have been analyzed. We investigated the result of surveillance colonoscopy, also. Using this database, all adenomas were categorized into two groups: Group I, 5 mm diameter (diminutive polyp), Group 2, 6 to 10 mm diameter (small polyp). Significant synchronous adenomas were defined as adenoma over 6 mm diameter, dysplasia or cancer. Results: The most common age group was the sixth decade. The male-to-female ratio was 2.1:1. Of the small colorectal polyps, 180 (53.1%) were adenomatous, 32 (10.0%) were hyperplastic, 119 (34.9%) were chronic nonspecific inflammation, 3 (0.9 %) were lymphoid hyperplasia, and 4 (1.1%) were cancerous. The most frequent sites of these lesions were rectum and sigmoid (60.2%). Recognizable endoscopic features of polyps were redness (35.8%) and nodule (26.3%). The prevalence of advanced proximal synchronous polyps was 20.7% among patients with distal small lesions.And we detected 2 cases (25%) had new small polyps in follow up colonoscopic examination. Conclusions: All polyps should be removed when encountered during colonoscopy due to the higher prevalence of adenoma among these lesions. Effort to find new polyps via surveillance colonoscopy is needed.


The quark potential model for mesons and its extension for hybrid mesons are used to study the effects of radial excitations on the masses, sizes, and radial wave functions at the origin for conventional and hybrid charmonium mesons. These nonrelativistic quark potential models are also used to calculate the E 1 and M 1 radiative partial widths for conventional meson to meson and hybrid to hybrid transitions. Relativistic corrections in masses and radiative widths are calculated by applying leading-order perturbation theory. To numerically solve the required Schrodinger equation for the radial wave functions, to be relativistically improved, we use the shooting method. We compare our results with the experimentally observed and theoretically predicted results of the other models. Our results have implications for scalar form factors, energy shifts, and polarizabilities of conventional and hybrid mesons. The comparison of masses of conventional and hybrid charmonium mesons with the masses of recently discovered X Y Z particles is also discussed. Thus, our results can help in experimentally recognizing hybrid mesons.


BACKGROUND
Mercuric chloride (HgCl2) induces a lymphoproliferative disorder and autoimmune glomerulonephritis in Brown Norway (BN) rats. This syndrome is the consequence of T cell-dependent polyclonal B cell activation and autoantibody production. We have previously shown that HgCl2-induced autoimmune perturbations can be prevented in BN rats by the administration of cyclosporin A (CsA). The most potent vitamin D3 metabolite 1,25(OH)2 D3 (Vit D3) shares certain immunomodulatory properties with CsA. We therefore chose to compare the effects of Vit D3 to those of CsA in BN rats treated with HgCl2 in order to establish whether Vit D3 either alone or in combination with CsA can attenuate an autoimmune syndrome in vivo.

METHODS
BN rats were treated with HgCl2 according to a standard protocol. Subgroups of rats were also given CsA alone, Vit D3 or synthetic analogues of Vit D3 alone, or combinations of both agents. Different doses and routes of administration were compared. The following markers of disease activity were evaluated: mortality, peak proteinuria, serum IgE concentrations, and renal immunoglobulin deposition.

RESULTS
Disease activity was markedly attenuated in all rats treated with CsA alone. Vit D3 and certain of its synthetic analogues administered alone also tempered the autoimmune process, but to a lesser extent than did CsA. The effect of CsA alone was so potent, that no additive or synergistic effects could be demonstrated when CsA was administered in combination with Vit D3.

CONCLUSIONS
Despite similar described immunomodulatory effects in vitro, CsA is clearly more effective than Vit D3 in preventing HgCl2 autoimmune disease in BN rats. This suggests that there is a difference in the cellular targets of these two agents in vivo, and/or a difference in the potency with which HgCl2-triggered immune activation is suppressed.


This paper examines the incentive properties of probabilistic referenda. In contrast to earlier research in which prices and quantities are perfectly correlated, we consider uncertain and potentially different outcomes for prices and quantities. We provide a theoretical analysis on incentive compatibility and an induced-value experimental test of this theory to gain new insights. First, using a standard design, our results confirm previous findings. Second, our results suggest that moving away from a perfectly correlated design undermines the incentive compatibility result found in other studies. Third, our experimental results are consistent with choices made by risk-averse agents in our theoretical analysis. Our findings would be important for survey design in practice as well as theoretical aspect of CV referenda.


This project advances the current understanding of intraurban rail passengers and their travel experiences to help rail industry leaders tailor policy approaches to fit specific, relevant segments of their target population. Using a Q-sorting technique and cluster analysis, preliminary research identified five perspectives occurring in a small sample of rail passengers who varied in their frequency and location of rail travel as well as certain sociodemographic characteristics. Revealed perspectives (named to capture the gist of their content) included "Rail travel is about the destination, not the journey"; "Despite challenges, public transport is still the best option"; "Rail travel is fine"; "Rail travel? So far, so good"; and "Bad taste for rail travel." This paper discusses each of the perspectives in detail and considers them in relation to tailored policy implications. An overarching finding from this study is that improving railway travel access requires attention to physical, psychological, financial, and social facets of accessibility. For example, designing waiting areas to be more socially functional and comfortable has the potential to increase ridership by addressing social forms of access, decreasing perceived wait times, and making time at the station feel like time well spent. Even at this preliminary stage, the Q-sorting technique promises to provide a valuable, holistic, albeit fine-grained, analysis of passenger attitudes and experiences that will assist industry efforts in increasing ridership.


Extracts from the berries of the saw palmetto plant (Serenoa repens) can have a beneficial effect on the symptoms of...


The imposing stone monument in the Kidron valley, popularly known as the tomb of Absalom, is undoubtedly the best known of all Jerusalem's ancient monuments. While viewing a photograph of the tomb of Absalom in 2000, one of the authors was surprised to discover a faintly visible two-line Greek inscription crudely incised above the original tomb entrance that had gone unnoticed or centuries. The inscription, which the authors date to the middle of the fourth century CE, identifies the tomb as belonging to Zachariah the martyr, but which Zachariah? And why did Byzantine tradition have him sharing the tomb with Simeon, another important figure in the early Christian period, who is identified in a second inscription on the tomb?


ILO pub-WEP pub. Working paper on the effect of microelectronics technological change on employment and work organization in the Brazilian motor vehicle industry - discusses production, employment and export trends, labour costs, and the extent and pattern of industrial robot and numerical control use; notes that unemployment due to economic recession was much greater than that due to new technology. References and statistical tables.


Since the 1990s,as an effective regional organization and an important regional economic phenomenon,industrial clusters have been paid more and more attention to.In the context that global economic integration is accelerating today,enhancing regional economic efficiency and improving competitiveness of a country are very important.Based on the theory of industrial clusters and analysis of flower industry clusters of Yanling County,Henan Province the paper propoese suggestions of strengthening the industrial cluster development environment,improving risk investment mechanism,promoting innovation of industrial clusters and creating regional brands as the main ways to the industrial cluster development strategy.


The color reaction of 2-(2-quinolinazo)-1,3-dihydroxybenzene(QADHB) with Mn~(2+) was studied.In the medium of NH_4Cl-NH_3·H_2O buffer solution (pH10)and in the presence of microemulsion [sodium dodecyl sulfonate(SDS)∶n-butylalcohol∶n-heptane∶water(10∶4∶1∶85)] QADHB can react with Mn~(2+) to form a stable (3∶1) complex.The apparent molar absorptivity is 8.38×10~(-4) L·mol~(-1)·cm~(-1) at 560 nm.Beer's law is obeyed in the range of 0~20 μg/25 mL.This method can be applied to the determination of manganese in environmental sample with good results.


BACKGROUND
Codeine analgesia is wholly or mostly due to its metabolism to morphine by the cytochrome P450 enzyme CYP2D6, which shows significant genetic variation in activity. The aims of this study were to investigate genotype, phenotype and morphine production from codeine in children undergoing adenotonsillectomy, and to compare analgesia from codeine or morphine combined with diclofenac.

METHODS
Ninety-six children received either codeine 1.5 mg kg(-1) or morphine 0.15 mg kg(-1) in a randomized, double-blind design. Genetic analysis was performed and plasma morphine concentrations at 1 h were determined. Postoperative analgesia and side-effects were recorded.

RESULTS
Forty-seven per cent of children had genotypes associated with reduced enzyme activity. Mean (SD) morphine concentrations were significantly lower (P<0.001) after codeine [4.5 (0.3) ng ml(-1)] than after morphine [24.7 (1.5) ng ml(-1)], and morphine and its metabolites were not detected in 36% of children given codeine. There was a significant relationship between phenotype and plasma morphine (P=0.02). More children required rescue analgesia after codeine at both 2 (P<0.05) and 4 h after administration (P<0.01). Fifty-six per cent of children vomited after morphine and 29% after codeine (P<0.01). Neither phenotype nor morphine concentration was correlated with either pain score or the need for rescue analgesia (r=-0.21, 95% confidence interval -0.4, -0.01).

CONCLUSIONS
Reduced ability for codeine metabolism may be more common than previously reported. Plasma morphine concentration 1 h after codeine is very low, and related to phenotype. Codeine analgesia is less reliable than morphine, but was not well correlated with either phenotype or plasma morphine in this study.


Purpose: The purpose of this study is to increase the understanding of the recruitment process and its complexity. The study also aims to examine whether there are any problem areas with a recruitm ...


This study aims to investigate the performance of Silicon Nanowire Arrays (SiNWAs) and bulk Si material as thermoelectric power harvesters. SiNWAs were developed using a two-step metal-assisted chemical etching technique. The fabricated thermoelectric devices of 1 × 1 cm p- and n-type SiNWAs each have a diameter of 70–100 nm, and an approximate nanowire length of 6 μm. Bulk Si devices were also tested as a benchmark for the SiNWAs thermoelectric devices. The heat flow across the SiNWAs devices exhibits a higher temperature difference, ΔT, between hot and cold junctions, compared to bulk silicon devices. This reveals that the heat capacity, C, of silicon is reduced significantly by the presence of nanowires. Consequently, a reduction in C also reduces the thermal conductivity of silicon, which is favourable for a good thermoelectric material. Compared to bulk silicon, SiNWAs thermoelectric devices also demonstrate higher Seebeck voltage, Voc, and Seebeck coefficient, S. The voltage rises as the ΔT between two junctions increases. An increase in Voc and S in the SiNWAs thermoelectric device aids to improve the figure-of-merit and the efficiency of the thermoelectric device. Experimental characterization of all fabricated thermoelectric devices suggest that the p-SiNWAs device possesses the highest ΔT of 17°C at 40 sec; Voc = ∼35 mV and S = ∼8 mV/K.


Curating is not a question of self-indulgence, self-expression, it's a question of certain duties …. A guest curator muses on her role in setting up an exhibition in the new facility in the Library and Archives of the National Gallery of Canada, and describes the double-edged sword of freedoms and perils presented by an exhibition area that is sited within a museum setting but remains other.


In this article the colloidal chemistry of PZT powders in aqueous solution, the rheological behaviors of the PZT suspension and the influence of dispersants on the rheology of the suspension and on the electrical properties of the gelcast PZT samples were investigated in comparison with those of die pressed ones. The results show that because the electrical properties of PZT are very sensitive to their composition, unsuitably selected dispersants can result in the deterioration of the electric properties of the material although concentrated PZT slurry with low viscosity can be obtained by different dispersants. The results also indicate that the influence of the additives on the properties of the samples should be considered when gelcasting is applied to the forming of electronic ceramics.


In the present work, a stratigraphic framework of the early Miocene units of the Kale-Tavas and Acipayam deposits is proposed. Two stratigraphic sections from the brackish-marine deposits of Aquitanian (Yenidere formation) and three sections from the shallow marine units of late Burdigalian (Kale formation) age have been logged. In total 23 mollusc species are identifi ed similar to those of the areas in the Mediterranean province. The fauna indicates that the Mediterranean Tethys occupied the southwestern part of the Denizli region only during the early Miocene. A tectonic pulse in the basin during the early Miocene may have been very important to understand the limits of marine Tethyan infl uence in the area.


Abstract The importance of local governments' engagement in physical activity promotion at local level has been acknowledged and advocated by the World Health organization in documents such as: "Promoting physical activity and active living in urban environments: the role of local governments" or "Global action plan on physical activity 2018–2030: more active people for a healthier world". However, given the relative "youngness" of the physical activity policy research domain, the local level initiatives have been underrepresented in the scientific literature. The current symposium aims to present a number of diverse initiatives to promote health enhancing physical activity at sub-national level, each having a very unique context and approach. The paper from Eastern Michigan University presents the actions taken to implement Active People, Healthy Nation (APHN) program in geographic areas in Michigan where the priority population (Asian Americans) lives and the outcomes of this initiative. The contribution from Japan describes the process of developing and applying the L-PAT (local policy audit tool), an instrument comprising 11 items based on WHO's HEPA Policy Audit Tool (HEPA PAT) and the results of this survey within 47 Japanese prefectures and the C-PAT (city policy audit tool), a 6 items tool, in a selection of 272 Japanese municipalities. The EU study presented in this symposium comprises the results of evaluation, using the CAPLA- Santé, a validated instrument, of local HEPA policies in 4 selected municipalities, one from each of the following countries: Finland, France, Germany, Romania and from one municipality in Japan. The responsibilities of local authorities in health promotion and protection are undeniable. The way the authorities manage to fulfil these responsibilities is gaining more and more interest from various stakeholders from local level activists to researchers and policymakers at national and international level. Local communities are increasingly stimulated to contribute to their own wellbeing, so data on the status quo and progress is needed more than ever. The initial discussion points of the symposium will focus on strengths and weaknesses of the initiatives presented, as well as the potential for knowledge exchange and replication & scaling-up.