Abstract : In May and June of 1981, Iroquois Research Institute performed a cultural resources survey of fourteen Mississippi River levee and revetment items in Iberville, St. James, St. Charles, Orleans, St. Bernard and Plaquemines Parishes, Louisiana. The project included a prehistoric and historic background study and literature search, a geomorphological analysis of the survey items, and a systematic archeological survey. Fourteen historic sites were inventoried during the systematic survey. They included a catwalk, a furnace, a wooden platform, two sites containing brick house supports, a residential complex, a canal lock, two possible pump house sites, a navigational light base, a riverside railroad terminal, and a subsurface site. No prehistoric sites were discovered. Recommendations were made for two sites, one containing 18th-19th century ceramics, and the other a canal lock. The ceramic site was evaluated as potentially eligible for nomination to the National Register of Historic Places. Further testing was recommended to determine its potential eligibility. At the canal lock, the Institute recommended the placement of an historic marker. (Author)


Art. 1. The Aims of the Law.—This law guarantees the rights of citizens to determine and express their attitude toward religion, to hold corresponding convictions and to profess a religion and perform religious rites without hindrance, as well as social justice, equality and the protection of citizens' rights and interests regardless of their attitude toward religion, and it regulates relations connected with the activity of religious organizations. Art. 2. Legislation on Freedom of Conscience and Religious Organizations.—Legislation on freedom of conscience and religious organizations consists of this law, which establishes basic guarantees of freedom of conscience in accordance with the USSR Constitution, and of USSR and Union- and autonomous-republic laws issued in accordance with it. Art. 3. The Right to Freedom of Conscience.—In accordance with the right to freedom of conscience, every citizen independently determines his attitude toward religion and has the right, individually or in conjunction with others, to profess any religion or not to profess any, and to express and disseminate convictions associated with his attitude toward religion. Parents or persons acting in their place have the right, by mutual consent, to raise their children in accordance with their own attitude toward religion.


In recent times, Zika virus has engendered concerns throughout the world, prompting the World Health Organization to promote the virus to epidemic status. This dramatic rise to prominence demands comprehensive research oriented towards effectively controlling the spread of this virulent disease. Despite the influx of information afforded by modern technology regarding the virus, there are yet to be licensed medical countermeasures (vaccines, therapies or preventive drugs) available for Zika virus infection and disease. Thus, diverting sizable funds towards prospective Zika virus vaccine candidates as well as appropriately educating the modern healthcare worker regarding the epidemiology of Zika virus is becoming increasingly imperative. Fortunately, a multitude of researchers are working towards instituting pragmatic measures directed towards limiting Zika virus′s spread in an interconnected global climate.


Dispersions of cerium oxide nanoparticles in water, ethanol, and water-ethanol solution were synthesized for the first time using laser ablation of metallic target. The fundamental harmonic of nanosecond Nd:YAG laser was used. Nanocrystalline powders of cerium oxide were obtained from the dispersions. The average size of the crystallites was 17-19 nm. Phase composition of nanoparticles was confirmed by X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. It was found that carbon present on the surface of CeO2 particles. The materials obtained may be used as catalyst carriers for CO oxidation, and as active components of sunscreen cosmetic products.


Sol–gel processes were used to fabricate amperometric biosensors that are active for hypoxanthine (Hx) determination. Xanthine oxidase was immobilized in the bulk of the silica–graphite matrix (SGM) to produce electrodes where new surfaces can be generated on demand by mechanical polishing. The immobilized enzyme electrodes can be used in unmediated hydrogen peroxide oxidation mode, or in unmediated and mediated oxygen reduction mode, to result in three different types of Hx biosensors with detection limits of 1.3 × 10–6, 5.6 × 10–6 and 3.8 × 10–7M, respectively. Benzyl viologen was used as the charge transfer mediator to enhance the response in the hydrogen peroxide production mode. The sensors show good linear response over a wide range of concentrations of about 1 × 10–6–1 × 10–3M. The use of bulk immobilization and the possibility of renewable surfaces have enabled the easy operation of these sensors with high stability. The experimental results from a carp sample stored under different conditions demonstrate the practicality of these sensors as simple, rapid and cost effective measurement of fish meat freshness.


Markov process may be represented with the stochastic matrix q = (qr,s) and expectation matrix Y = (Yr,s), obtained from x(t) as follows: Abstract Markov process may be represented with the stochastic matrix q = (qr,s) and expectation matrix Y = (Yr,s), obtained from x(t) as follows: where Y' is the matrix of weighted expectations; Y'/q is the operation of direct (element-by-element) division of matrices. ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ Larkin V. Evgenii, et al. Engineering method of fault-tolerant systems simulation


Purpose To record the spectrum emitted during excimer laser‐cornea interaction at fluences intensities resulting to ablation and investigate the relation between its spectroscopic features and corneal hydration.


A series of" new organotin compounds——l-acyloxystannatranes are synthesized by using
"one-pot" reaction with high yield and high purity The IR spectra of these compounds show that the frequency of carhonyl group is lower than that in respective silatranes and acids The 'H NMR data show that the structure of these compounds differs from that of other ordinary five-coordination metal-atranes The results of mass spectra show that there are fragmental ions larger than parent ions. All of these results may indicate that this type of compounds has six-coordination structure with a bond between carbonyl group and the tin atom.


The BOREAS TGB-7 team measured the concentration and flux of several agricultural pesticides in air, rainwater, and dry deposition samples in order to determine the associated yearly deposition rates. This data set contains information on the dry deposition flux of seven herbicides [2,4- dichlorophenoxyacidic_acid (2,4-D), bromoxynil, dicamb, 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid (MCPA), triallate, trifluralin, and diclop-methyl] known to appear in the atmosphere of the Canadian prairies. Also, the concentration of three herbicides (atrazine, alachlor, and metolachlor), two groups of insecticides (lindane and breakdown products and dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane (DDT) and breakdown products), and several polychlorinated biphenyls commonly used in the central United States was measured. All of these chemicals are reported, in the literature, to be transported in the atmosphere. Many have been reported to occur in boreal and arctic food chains. The sampling was carried out from 16-Jun to 13-Aug-1993 and 04-May to 20-Jul-1994 at the BOREAS site in the Prince Albert National Park (Waskesiu). The data are stored in tabular ASCII files.


The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between selfregulated learning (SRL) and mathematical discourse. The study involved a group of Year 9 students in the East of England engaged in mathematical tasks. Analysis on the students' interactions was carried out employing two types of analytical tools: Pintrich's (1999) model of selfregulated learning strategies, with particular attention to the rehearsal strategies, and Sfard and Kieran's (2001) discourse analysis framework. The findings show the emergence of key mathematical concepts during the engagement with SRL strategies have positive impact in producing an effective and productive discourse among the group members.


The challenges of fast fault diagnosis for large scale service systems are analyzed in this paper. A multi-layer management model is proposed to model the service scenario, which builds bipartite Bayesian network to denote dependence relationships. An incremental fault belief assessment method is proposed to analyze symptoms and compute posterior fault probabilities in an event-driven manner. Based on the method, we propose a greedy fault diagnosis algorithm to produce a sub-optimal explanation. To reduce the complexity of fault selection, we transform the fault diagnosis problem of finding MPE into finding most likely assignment of each fault, and propose corresponding algorithm. Simulation results prove the validity and efficiency of our algorithms.


The Challenge Restoration of legacy seismic lines has become a topic of frequent conversation among land managers. The release of the federal recovery strategy for woodland caribou in 2012 has contributed to this momentum with companies now investing considerable resources in restoring legacy seismic lines. The costs for these restoration activities can be extremely high and tools are needed to help improve the efficiency and effectiveness of treatments.


The aim of this study was to explore potency chlorella in rumen content
meal as feed substitution for male broiler. The measured parameters were the
carcass and abdominal fat percentage. The experiment animals were twenty eight
male DOC, devided into four treatments. Four different food mixtures were, P0
was BR1® 90% + rumen content meal 10% + chlorella 0%; P1 was BR1® 90% +
rumen content meal 10% + chlorella 2,5%; P2 was BR1® 90% + rumen content
meal 10% + chlorella 5%; P3 was BR1® 90% + rumen content meal 10% +
chlorella 7,5%. Experimental design was used completely randomized design
with four treatments and seven replications. The data were analyzed using the
Analysis of Variance Statistic Method and if there were differences among the
treatments, The Duncan's Multiple Range Test was used. The result indicated
that there were no significant difference (p>0,05) in carcass percentage but
significant difference (p<0,05) in abdominal fat percentage. The conclusion
showed that the effect of chlorella in rumen content meal as feed substitution was
not influence to carcass percentage and was not decrease abdominal fat
percentage.


Results of research on uranium and tungsten spectra are summarized. Measurements of visible line spectra and opacities were carried out on shock tube plasmas which, prior to shock compression, were mixtures of rare gases and UF6 or WF6. Opacities were compared to theoretical predictions. Feasibility of light source methods other than the shock tube was explored for future applications in the spectroscopy of heavy metals and ions.


Abstract : Five models for determining munitions requirements for air-to-ground weapons are compared. Common features and differences are discussed, and suggestions for extensions are presented. (Author)


Facts Various Hungarian supermarkets and agricultural organisations, under the auspices of the Hungarian Ministry for Rural Development, fixed the prices of watermelons and agreed not to market…


Drug-induced anaphylaxis (DIA) is the most common cause of fatal anaphylaxis in the United States (US) and other countries 1 . After antibiotics and contrast agents, chemotherapeutic medications are the third leading cause of fatal DIA in the US 1 . However, the incidence of anaphylaxis to chemotherapeutic medications is unknown 2 . In this study we sought to analyze the incidence and risk factors of anaphylaxis secondary to chemotherapy agents in the US.


This report presents findings from a study of School Choice in Bangladesh, conducted in four districts of Bangladesh in 2008. The objective of the study was to analyse household choices around basic education by exploring conditions of school supply; preferences and aspirations around education; and schooling decisions and experiences, including the economic, social and political outcomes from education. The research was designed to take into account the impacts of gender, poverty, economic opportunity, religiosity, and human security as factors likely to affect decisions around educational investment. Background: the changing demand for education in Bangladesh The motivation for the School Choice in Bangladesh study was to inform education policy in a context in which the demand for schooling has been changing: enrolment in registered and official schools at primary declined in the first half of the 2000s, while at secondary level, expansion stagnated. Boys" enrolments in the official system declined most, and they appear to have been moving to different – and new - types of institution. Declining quality in the official system at primary is likely to squeeze out two groups: the poorest, for whom the low returns from poor quality education mean investment in school may not be worthwhile, and the rich, who can afford better education, should it be available. Fewer poor boys move to NGO schools than girls, and it has been suggested that madrassahs of a range of types are likely to have been absorbing these groups in this changing context. The potential political implications, such as the possibility of rising Islamic militancy among a cohort of young men from poor backgrounds, have directed attention to the question of how school choice is changing. Global debates on School Choice The study is situated within global debates about school choice. These have been ideological debates focused on the impact of wider choice in creating market-like conditions of consumer choice in developed countries. Evidence on the impact of school choice has been inconclusive in terms of impacts on student achievement and school quality, and a case against policies of widening school choice includes evidence that wider school choice can increase inequality. In the Bangladesh context, the school choice framework helps to frame analysis of important education policy issues, including: Diversification and expansion of education service provision Accountability and governance in education services Perceptions of quality in education provision, and Equity in provision and outcomes. Methods and approach The study adopted a comparative case study methodology, involving four contrasting communities. Large-scale nationally representative survey data was not used, and the approach focused on enabling an in-depth understanding of household decision-making processes around education. The strategy adopted was multi-disciplinary, multi-method and multi-level, approaching the issues at individual, household, community, school and regional levels. National data was used to understand the overall context of school provision. Based on this four villages in four distinctly different districts were selected to represent characteristics of a) extreme poverty; b) high insecurity, including environmental insecurity; c); economic opportunity and high growth; and d) above average religiosity. Research instruments were developed, pre-tested, piloted and finalised to study individual, household, community, regional and school characteristics in each. Findings School supply The findings support national data in illustrating that school supply has expanded and diversified rapidly. After the phase of expansion of registered and government schools in the 1990s, a second expansionary phase started in the 2000s, when NGO and kindergarten schools, new hybrid schools and a range of types of madrassah emerged. The vast majority of students remain within the general stream registered institutions at primary and secondary, but a significant minority attend religious schools, and a smaller group, mainly the rich and the poor, attend other types of school. The diversity and magnitude of school supply varied widely by area in the present sample, suggesting supply is likely to vary across the country. The distance between home and school emerged as the most important influence over school choice. The issue of distance contains within it concerns about children"s security; the extent of these concerns vary widely by area, and are most acute for adolescent girls. Sexual harassment and even the abduction and rape of one schoolgirl were reported, signalling the significance of security in shaping school choice. The study findings do not support the view that wider school choice raises quality, for two reasons. First, common indicators of quality do not suggest that newer entrants into education service provision are of higher quality than existing actors: established schools remain better-endowed in terms of teacher qualifications and physical facilities. Second, schools in areas with more diverse school supply do not appear to perform better on standard attainment indicators than those in areas with fewer schools. However, standard indicators of quality may not necessarily closely reflect the features of schools that people take into account when selecting an institution. The lack of meaningful indicators appears to be most important with respect to measuring governance, management and parental participation in schools. The quantitative and qualitative evidence are somewhat contradictory: on paper, registered and government schools are better governed and managed. Qualitative evidence suggests, by contrast, that parents may experience more accountability and participation in the newer types of schools, such as KG schools or madrassahs. Qualitative findings also suggest wider school choice may have led to some competition and improved performance in a few contexts, as well as evidence that wider choice may lead to increasing socioeconomic differentiation within education, as richer households withdraw from schools attended mainly by the poor. These findings are primarily qualitative insights, however, and more needs to be understood about how competition between schools takes place in practice, and at national trends in the educational choices of the middle classes. Evidence of widening education inequality gains some support from the wide variations found in spending on school. Preferences and aspirations The study found significant normative change with respect to education. This included that a basic minimum of education was deemed necessary even among the poor. Livelihood and economic opportunities were important determinants of the strength of this norm and the level of education it implied as minimally necessary; this meant, again, that area effects were strong. There was also support for the idea of equivalence in investments in children by gender: up to primary, at least, there was very little evidence of gender differentiation in preferences and norms around education. Gender difference emerged at secondary, but more noticeably in the poorest areas, where early marriage and large dowry payments remained a crucial feature of household investment strategies around gender. Where international migration was a common livelihood option, the level of education deemed necessary for boys was that which was adequate to gain entry into that labour market; by contrast girls" education was seen in some contexts as enhancing marriage prospects. Madrassah and/or Arabic education were seen as particularly important for girls. The desire for social status is an important factor shaping school preferences, and the social status considerations of local reference groups appears to have a significant impact on aspirations, again highlighting the importance of area effects. The widening of school choice appears to have been driven in part by demand among affluent and elite groups to mark distinctions between themselves and poorer households enrolling in government primary schools. Parents appear to closely scrutinise and possess standards for teaching quality against which they judge school performance; although capacities to assess school performance varied, few seemed to entirely uninformed or apathetic about the quality of schools. Yet parents seem to lack opportunities or mechanisms through which to exact better performance when teaching quality falls short. The apparent growth in preference for religious schooling appears to reflect a) the growth in supply of madrassah institutions of a wide range and type in recent years, many benefiting from private donations; b) change in official recognition and status of graduates of registered aliya madrassahs, now officially equivalent to general stream qualifications; c) the growth of demand for madrassah teachers accompanying the growth of the madrassah sub-sector itself; d) the impact of migration to the Middle East, which appears to increase demand for religious education; e) views on madrassah education as a source of religious blessings and social respect; and f) practical perspectives on aliya madrassahs usefully combining provision of religious with general education in a single site. Schooling choices and outcomes The educational opportunities of the present generation are considerably wider and deeper than was the case for their parents. They are more likely to enrol and to stay in school and to attend a wider range of types of school, particularly at primary, than their parents. However, over two-thirds in our sample still attend government primary schools, highlighting the significant limits to choice in practice. No significant gender differences could be identified in schooling choices - in itself a significant finding. Nor could any particular patterns with respect to type of school chosen could be identified by poverty level; ho


Two radially propagating surface wave modes, "symmetric," in which the upper and lower axial sheath fields (Ez) are aligned, and "anti-symmetric," in which they are opposed, can exist in capacitively coupled plasma (CCP) discharges. For a symmetric (equal electrode areas) CCP driven symmetrically, we expected to observe only the symmetric mode. Instead, we find that when the applied rf frequency f is above or near an anti-symmetric spatial resonance, both modes can exist in combination and lead to unexpected non-symmetric equilibria. We use a fast 2D axisymmetric fluid-analytical code to study a symmetric CCP reactor at low pressure (7.5 mTorr argon) and low density (∼3 × 1015 m−3) in the frequency range of f = 55 to 100 MHz which encompasses the first anti-symmetric spatial resonance frequency fa but is far below the first symmetric spatial resonance fs. For lower frequencies such that f is well below fa, the symmetric CCP is in a stable symmetric equilibrium, as expected, but at higher frequencies such that f is near or greater than fa, a non-symmetric equilibrium appears which may be stable or unstable. We develop a nonlinear lumped circuit model of the symmetric CCP to better understand these unexpected results, indicating that the proximity to the anti-symmetric spatial resonance allows self-exciting of the anti-symmetric mode even in a symmetric system. The circuit model results agree well with the fluid simulations. A linear stability analysis of the symmetric equilibrium describes a transition with increasing frequency from stable to unstable.Two radially propagating surface wave modes, "symmetric," in which the upper and lower axial sheath fields (Ez) are aligned, and "anti-symmetric," in which they are opposed, can exist in capacitively coupled plasma (CCP) discharges. For a symmetric (equal electrode areas) CCP driven symmetrically, we expected to observe only the symmetric mode. Instead, we find that when the applied rf frequency f is above or near an anti-symmetric spatial resonance, both modes can exist in combination and lead to unexpected non-symmetric equilibria. We use a fast 2D axisymmetric fluid-analytical code to study a symmetric CCP reactor at low pressure (7.5 mTorr argon) and low density (∼3 × 1015 m−3) in the frequency range of f = 55 to 100 MHz which encompasses the first anti-symmetric spatial resonance frequency fa but is far below the first symmetric spatial resonance fs. For lower frequencies such that f is well below fa, the symmetric CCP is in a stable symmetric equilibrium, as expected, but at higher frequencies such ...


Many automotive mechanical functions have been replaced or amended by electronic circuits in recent years. One consequence has been a rapid increase in the number of microcontrollers per car, producing a similar increase in the total current drawn from the car battery. As long the car motor is running and the alternator is operating properly, this power consumption is not a concern. When you turn off the motor, however, the car battery must immediately deliver all currents demanded by the various subsystems: windshield wiper-blade motors, window lifters, radio/CD player/stereos, and any of the "comfort electronics systems" now found in most cars. Even when all passengers have left the car, many systems draw a keep-alive current to be ready for wake-up when their service is next required. Keeping these quiescent currents as low as possible requires linear regulators with low quiescent current as well as combinations of linear and switch-mode regulators. This article discusses the problem of minimizing quiescent current and introduces some solutions. Alternators Deliver Plenty of Power The typical automobile alternator can deliver about 3000W. Assuming a 14V output, that allows a current draw of more than 200A. Even with the air conditioner fully on and the car radio playing at discothèque level, the alternator's capacity can supply any combination of electrical loads in the car. Nobody has to worry about quiescent currents. But, what happens when the motor is off? The car battery can deliver all the power required—for a while! An average car battery's key specification is its capacity, measured in ampere-hours (Ah). For compact cars, a typical battery provides about 50Ah. In theory, that means that you can draw 1A for 50 hours. Doubling the current reduces the time to half. Starting the car, for example, takes several hundreds of amperes, but only for a short time. Assuming an average current draw of 300A during starting, you should have exactly ten minutes to start the engine before exhausting the battery. Another example is lighting. Normally, a car has two front bulbs at 50W each and two rear bulbs at 20W each. Together, they consume about 140W. If you forget to switch them off when you leave the car, they will draw about 11.5A from an average 12V system. Assuming the battery is fully charged, you should have four hours before the lights extinguish automatically! In practice, the lights will extinguish earlier than that, and you will not have the ten minutes mentioned above for starting the engine either. Typical car batteries have only 36Ah to 100Ah of capacity, depending on the car size and type. Several effects reduce the available capacity of a car battery. Colder outside temperatures, for instance, slow the internal chemical reactions. Only half the original capacity is available at -20°C. Older car batteries have less available capacity, and the battery in a car driven repeatedly for short distances (as for running errands in a town) discharges much more rapidly than that of a car used predominantly for long-distance driving. (Normally, a car must be driven for at least half an hour to recharge its full capacity.) The number of charging cycles is approximately 500 for a car that repeatedly discharges its battery by only 30%. Thus, short trips exhaust a battery more quickly and shorten its lifetime. You should expect to replace your car battery every five years. Always-On Functions Always Consume Power Imagine a cold winter with temperatures below zero for weeks at a time. You drive your 4-year-old car, used mainly for city driving, to the airport where you escape for a warm and sunny 3-week vacation. On your return, the car probably will not start! Its capacity has been reduced, and not only by the city driving, the elapsed parking time, and the frosty temperatures. Other, hidden energy thieves have been at work. The always-on Page 1 of 8 functions in a modern car draw battery current continuously: anti-theft protection, alarm system, keyless entry receiver, and tire-pressure measurement system, to name a few. Moreover, certain nodes on the CAN bus are constantly "listening" to the bus so they can wake up immediately when their support is needed. Depending on the manufacturers and on the total number of such nodes, all these separate small quiescent currents can sum to several milliamps, or perhaps as much as 100mA of continuous current from the battery. Now, consider again the car at the airport: cold weather, city traffic, and age had possibly already reduced the available capacity to the half its nominal value. Thus the battery had only 25Ah left when the car was parked. Given a continuous quiescent current of only 25mA, the capacity lost over 21 days is 12.6Ah. As that amount is removed from the battery just while it is parked, the remainder of battery capacity is reduced to a quarter of the original value. The resulting capacity might not be enough to start a cold motor! Caution: High Voltage As a response to the problem of reduced, or exhausted batter capacity, car electronics systems—even those without an always-on or standby mode—constantly need power-supply options that minimize their quiescent current. Small linear regulators made with CMOS seem to be a good idea, because some such devices draw very little quiescent current indeed. The MAX1725, for instance, draws a mere 2μA. Unfortunately, however, the power supply must also have a wide input-voltage range to handle the so-called load-dump pulse, which is a brief but severe overvoltage caused by disconnecting the battery while the alternator is running. Because the alternator's control loop is not fast enough to close, it generates a high output-voltage pulse when the battery voltage is removed. This high-energy pulse is normally clamped to a lower voltage at some central location in the car, but car manufacturers also specify to their suppliers the remaining overvoltage to be expected at the inputs of their power supplies. This spec differs among car manufacturers, but the typical peak value is 36V in cars and 58V in trucks. Some values are even higher. The duration of a typical load-dump pulse is several tenths of a second (Figure 1). Figure 1. This typical load-dump overvoltage pulse reaches a maximum amplitude (Vs) of 36V in cars and 58V in trucks. Its duration (td) is several hundred milliseconds. Power Dissipation and Temperature These high input-voltage levels lead us directly to the next point to consider. The linear regulator not only must withstand the overvoltage specified, it must also dissipate considerable power when delivering a high load current at low output voltage. Converting a car's typical 13V input to 5V with a 50mA load might not be critical— that is only 400mW of dissipation and just within the maximum rating for a standard SO8 package. During the overvoltage condition described above, however, the power-dissipation level at 36V increases to more than 1.5W. All packages derate their power-dissipation capability with increasing temperature, so that amount of dissipation could become a problem at higher temperatures. A regulator IC in a regular SO8 package would quickly go into thermal shutdown. The regulator would survive and resume operation after it cooled down, but that does not help because we need to keep the function alive. Automotive linear regulators need advanced packages capable of high power dissipation.


I. Introduction 286II. A "Vicious Triangle": Defining Direct, Structural and Cultural Violence 288A. Direct Violence 288B. Structural Violence 288C. Cultural Violence 289D. Direct, Structural, and Cultural Violence and the Loss of Identity 289III. Who Was James Scales? 290A. James Scales's Childhood 290B. James Scales's Navy Career 291IV. Institutional Violence: A Reformatory for Black Boys in a Dangerous White County 295A. "Bloody Bledsoe" 295B. Tennessee State Training and Agricultural School for Colored Boys 297C. Attention on the Reformatory After Scales's Lynching.......3011. Public Response 3012. Government Response 304V. Lynching: Two White Women Murdered, a Young Black Man Accused 307A. A Double Murder 307B. Motive 309C. Accusing and Capturing Scales 310D. A Lynching on Reformatory Grounds 313IV. Supporting Racial Violence: Public Uproar, Investigations, and Cover-up by State and Federal Authorities 315A. Initial Uproar and Swift Action by State Authorities 316B. Initial Federal Response 317C. NAACP and the Looby Report 318D. State Leaders Shift Focus 319E. Federal Response Comes up Short 321/. DOJ and the Enforcement of Federal Law 3212. FBI Investigation Stalls 3233. DOJ Cedes Control to Local Authorities 3264. Local Opposition to Prosecution 3275. "No True Bill" 329VII. Conclusion 331I. IntroductionMidday on November 23, 1944, a crowd gathered to lynch an African-American teenager named James Scales. Earlier that morning, guards at the Tennessee state reformatory where Scales was imprisoned had accused the sixteen-year-old of brutally killing the wife and daughter of the institution's superintendent. The mob began to hang its victim under a large tree, but the lynching came to an abrupt end when one member of the mob shot Scales in the head multiple times.The murder of two white women and the lynching of a black teenager instantly became national news. Tennessee Governor Prentice Cooper pledged a full investigation and offered a $500 reward for information leading to capture and conviction of Scales's killers. Local clergy and the International Labor Defense raised the total reward to more than $1,800. …


In many approaches for resolving intersentential pronominal anaphora the degree of salience of entities determines their accessibility in the addressee's discourse model. Degree of salience is identified by the degree of givenness of entities in the addressee's cognitive model, so that given/known entities have highest degree of salience. The most given entities are chosen as antecedents of pronouns. à and Vrbovà (1982), who suggest that entities in the focal part of an utterance in Information Structure (IS) terms have highest degree of salience. These entities often correspond to new information. Analysing Danish discourse we have found that these apparently contrasting interpretations of salience are both valid, but in different contexts. We propose a model of accessibility where salience is by default connected with givenness, but where this default can be explicitly overruled in contexts where the speaker explicitly marks entities as salient by ISrelated devices. These explicitly marked focal entities have highest degree of salience. A tentative list of the IS-related devices and contexts in which the shift of attentional focus is explicitly marked in Danish is proposed, based on naturally occurring discourse and


Another Example of Anti-Tc' To the Editor: Anti-Tc' was first reported in 1980 as a new antibody directed against a high-incidence antigen occurring in the sera of two unrelated black women, G.T. and D.L.C.' We report a third example of anti-Tca, detected in the serum of L.Z., a 45-year-old black woman with a history of four blood transfusions in 1974 and six previous pregnancies. Her red blood cells and serum were mutually compatible with G.T. by direct testing. The antibody reacted strongly (4+) by the antiglobulin test, but was also demonstrable a t room temperature ( I + ) , 37 C ( 1 + to 2+) and by using enzyme techniques (3+) . In addition to the information previously reported,' we have new serologic data to exclude the possibility that anti-Tc" might have the same specificity as antiSd", -Era, -Wrh, or -LW3. Results of a mononuclear phagocyte assay indicate that this example of anti-Tc' may cause significant extravascular destruction (51 -60% of positive control).* The red blood cells of L.Z. are 0, Rh-positive ( D + CEc+ e+), LW3, M + N + Ss+, P I + PP1Pk+, Le(a+b-), Kk+ Kp(a-b+) Js(b+), K:12, Jk(a+b+), Fy(a-b-), Ge+, Vel+, Co(a+), Lu(b+), Yt(a+), Di(b+), At(a+), Jr(a+). Lan+, Hy+. Yk(a+), I + and H+.Michael 1. Gorman, B.A., MT(ASCP)SBB, Helena M. Glidden, B.S.. MT(ASCP)SBB. Immunohemarology Loboratory. American Red Cross Blood Services, Berhesda, M D 20014, and Oscar Behzad, American Red Cross Blood Services, Mid-American Region. 43 East Ohio Street. Chicago, IL 60611.


A study conducted in April 2022 with the help of a survey of 519 Ukrainian adolescents has revealed changes in their activities and psycho-emotional state under the military aggression by the Russian Federation. At the time of the survey, 61.8% of surveyed adolescents were in Ukraine


Let ${\cal A}$ be a minor-closed class of labelled graphs, and let ${\cal G}_{n}$ be a random graph sampled uniformly from the set of n-vertex graphs of ${\cal A}$. When n is large, what is the probability that ${\cal G}_{n}$ is connected? How many components does it have? How large is its biggest component? Thanks to the work of McDiarmid and his collaborators, these questions are now solved when all excluded minors are 2-connected. Using exact enumeration, we study a collection of classes ${\cal A}$ excluding non-2-connected minors, and show that their asymptotic behaviour may be rather different from the 2-connected case. This behaviour largely depends on the nature of the dominant singularity of the generating function C(z) that counts connected graphs of ${\cal A}$. We classify our examples accordingly, thus taking a first step towards a classification of minor-closed classes of graphs. Furthermore, we investigate a parameter that has not received any attention in this context yet: the size of the root component. It follows non-Gaussian limit laws (Beta and Gamma), and clearly merits a systematic investigation.


This paper proposes to apply optimized one-class support vector machines (1-SVMs) to tackle some audio recognition tasks. We show that 1-SVMs provide a significant improvement in performance on event detection and classification. We propose an efficient and accurate approach for detecting events in a continuous audio stream. The proposed method which does not require any pre-trained models is based on the use of the exponential family model and 1-SVMs to approximate the generalized likelihood ratio. Besides, we apply novel discriminative algorithms based on 1-SVMs with new dissimilarity measure in order to address a supervised sounds classification task. We illustrate the potential of 1-SVMs on a complex real-world dataset containing impulsive sounds. We compare the novel detection and classification methods with other popular approaches.


Abstract. Batch lab-scale anaerobic co-digestion of dairy manure (DM) with potato waste (PW) was conducted at three different temperature ranges (thermophilic (55-57 oC)), mesophilic (35-37 oC), and psychrophilic (20-28 oC) temperatures). The tests were conducted at five DM:PM mixing ratios ( 100:0, 90:10, 80:20, 60:40, and 40:60) on volatile solids (VS) basis. Total VS for all ratios was kept constant at 165 g VS/experiment. A hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 30 days was selected for each set of experiment. During the 30 days of batch digestion, the highest cumulative biogas production (CBP) of 182 L was achieved for the thermophilic co-digestion (TD) at the mixing ratio of 80:20, 75 L for the mesophilic co-digestion (MD) at the mixing ratio of 90:10, and 33 L, for the psychrophilic digestion (PD) of DM alone (the mixing ratio of 100:0), respectively. The highest cumulative methane yields were 93 L, 41 L and 8 L for the mixing ratio of 80:20 at the TD, the mixing ratio of 90:10 at the MD, and the mixing ratio of 100:0 at the PD, respectively. The greatest total VS destruction was occurred during the TD. A lowest pH of 6.0 was recorded during the TD at the DM:PW ratio of 80:20. The pH was always greater than 6.5 for the ratio of 90:10 at mesophilic temperatures (MT) and the ratio of 100:0 at psychrophilic temperatures (PT). Total kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), ammonia nitrogen (NH 3 -N), and volatile fatty acids (VFA) were measured weekly. The stability of the reactors was justified with the pH, NH 3 -N, and VFA values. This study showed good stability of co-digestion of DM with PW. Based on the results, the ratio of 80:20 at thermophilic temperatures (TT), ratio of 90:10 at MT and the ratio of 100:0 at PT are recommended. Thermophilic co-digestion of DM and PW shows better performance than mesophilic and psychrophilic co-digestion in terms of biogas, methane production, and total VS destruction.


Harrogate Town made a storming start to the new season,with a 4-0 demolition of Nuneaton Town,at a bright and breezy CNG Stadium. Nuneatons,Ashley ...


Sri Lanka's external performance defies global trends on two counts. First, the level of openness as measured by the ratio of trade in goods and services, after a strong increase in 1987-95 and stagnation in 1996-2004, sharply fell in 2005-10 to the levels experienced during the era of import substitution. Second, the share of clothing in manufactured exports has remained largely unchanged over the past 25 years. Had there been no economic growth, this would not have been puzzling. The paper argues that these unique features can be traced to (a) the duality of Sri Lanka's economic regime -- the legacy of unfinished structural reforms of a socialist economic regime -- and (b) high and growing protectionism in the 2000s. Sri Lanka's experience shows that the lack of stability in trade policy combined with recently expanding protectionism and the state's micromanagement of investment does not create an institutional/policy setting conducive to rapidly evolving composition of exports and their fast growth. The practice of dealing with weaknesses in trade policies and the business environment through granting exemptions to various activities deemed desirable by the authorities only exacerbates distortions and creates more fertile ground for rent seeking. Without a radical overhaul of the current policy framework shaping interaction of Sri Lankan businesses with global markets, economic growth may be reduced, if not reversed.


The Nadaraya-Watson (N-W) statistical estimator based on Haar kernels can be used to implement a fuser based on empirical data. Fuser design essentially consists of the following interrelated activities: select a set of n observations from a pool of p prior observations; select a value for the bandwidth. Optimal fuser design can therefore involve a very large search space. This paper proposes the use of a genetic algorithm (GA) to optimise the fuser design. The GA is used to evolve optimal values for the bandwidth and subset of observations used to implement the fuser. Indicative test results are provided. The N-W fuser is shown to perform better than the best single sensor. The GA provides better results than manual design optimisation, with the performance of the N-W fuser comparable to that achieved using a feedforward neural network.


The theory of belief functions (TBFs) is now a widespread framework to deal and reason with uncertain and imprecise information, in particular to solve information fusion and clustering problems. Combination functions (rules) and distances are essential tools common to both the clustering and information fusion problems in the context of TBF, which have generated considerable literature. Distances and combination between evidence corpus of TBF are indeed often used within various clustering and classification algorithms, however, their interplay and connections have seldom been investigated, which is the topic of this article. More precisely, we focus on the problem of aggregating evidence corpus to obtain a representative one, and we show through an impossibility theorem that in this case, there is a fundamental contradiction between the use of conjunctive combination rules on the one hand, and the use of distances on the other hand. Rather than adding new methodologies, such results are instrumental in guiding the user among the many methodologies that already exist. To illustrate the interest of our results, we discuss different cases where they are at play.


The last attempt to offer an overview of the history of Trotskyism (Robert J. Alexander's International Trotskyism 1929-1985)1 is more than a quarter of a century old, and its alphabetical arrangement and inordinate size make it difficult to consult. Partisan histories (such as Pierre Frank's and Francois Moreau's, written from the point of view of the United Secretariat of the Fourth International) are mostly biased. Valuable contributions, such as Al Richardson and Sam Bornstein's volumes on the history of British Trotskyism (of which the key second volume was not consulted by Alexander), are not as widely read as they should be, because they were cast in a national framework. The current project will provide an outline of the world Trotskyist movement, chronologically arranged, that will take into account the major additions to the field since the writing of Alexander's work.


INTRODUCTION: The results for the meta-analytical review, which contrasted laparoscopic or robotically assisted esophagectomy for cancer against open esophagectomy (OE), indicated feasibility and safety associated with the robotic method.
AIM: The objective of this study is to review the current literature on MIE (Laparo-thoracoscopic and Robotic approach) and open approach and check the state-of-the-art of esophagectomy for cancer.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The comparison of studies which contrasted laparoscopic or robotically assisted esophagectomy for cancer against open esophagectomy (OE).
RESULTS: This review represented the largest sequence of mini-invasive esophagectomy (MIE) to date and the results appear to be comparable to those attained by the traditional open approach. MIE constitutes a safe procedure with a learning curve of around 36 cases.
CONCLUSION: The studies did not reveal variations in mortality and morbidity rate, conversion rate, intensive care unitstay, 1-month mortality, and post-operative complications between the mini-invasive esophagectomy cohort and OE cohort.


Cajanus cajan L. is a perennial leguminous shrub that belongs to family Fabaceae. The height of the plant reaches upto 1-5 meters and life span of the plant is about five years (www.onlyfoods.net)/pigeon-peas.hmtl). It is also called as tur, arhar, red gram (Ghadge et al., 2008). Pigeon pea is an economically and nutritionally important pulse crop plant serving as a major protein source for the population of the world (Singh et al., 1984). A leaf spot disease was observed on plant Cajanus cajan L. growing in Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India during a survey of fungal disease along with many disease of pigeon pea. The present research describes and illustrates the disease causing pathogen in detail.


In 2008 LBC Wise Counsel held a series of debates around the UK on the theme of value for in-house lawyers. These debates took place in Leeds, Manchester, Birmingham, Milton Keynes, Bristol, Reading, Fareham and Maidstone - nearly 20 events across the country held under Chatham House rules with an invited audience of in-house lawyers. This article summarises some of the key findings.


The first cabinet appointed by new French President Emmanuel Macron contained a 50-50 gender balance, with eleven out of the twenty-two cabinet members being women. Karen Beckwith writes that Macron's decision to appoint a gender-balanced cabinet should not have come as a surprise. Drawing on research in seven separate democracies with her colleagues Susan Franceschet and Claire Annesley, she illustrates that there is now an informal 'concrete floor' for women's participation in cabinets, indicating a minimum number of women who must be appointed if the government is to avoid criticism.


Ensemble forecasting produces multiple, concurrently valid forecasts starting from slightly different initial conditions and/or somewhat different model configurations. For short-range forecasting, the ensemble member initial conditions typically are created using bred or singular vectors, while the forecasts are made using either the same model, the same model with different physics options, or from different models (so-called super ensemble). Lagged average forecasts have also been used in short-range ensemble forecasting. Over the past decade, ensemble forecasting has become more popular in both operational and research numerical weather prediction (NWP) as a method to provide probabilistic forecast guidance (Brooks et al. 1995; Stensrud et al. 2000; Du and Tracton 2001; Hamill et al. 2000; Hou et al. 2001; Krishnamurti, et al. 2001; Lewis 2005; Stensrud and Yussouf, 2007; Yussouf and Stensrud 2006). However, these ensemble applications have focused upon synoptic scale and mesoscale weather phenomena using model grid spacing that cannot explicitly resolve convective storms. The deterministic and explicit numerical prediction of convective storms using fine-scale observations from Doppler radars and other sensing systems have been explored with nonhydrostatic cloud-resolving models over a decade (e.g., Lin et al. 1993; Sun and Crook 1998; Crook and Sun 1996, 2004; Xue et al. 2003; Alberoni et al. 2003). However, the considerable difficulties surrounding the production of accurate stormscale NWP, together with the large societal impacts of severe local weather, has led to the call for a considerable emphasis on probabilistic methods as the optimal strategy to provide user guidance. Since the Nation's current supercomputer systems are now capable of running many cloud models simultaneously, it is important to determine whether or not cloud model ensembles can provide beneficial insight into convective storm characteristics.


Macular hole formation after pars plana vitrectomy for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment is of rare occurrence. It is commonly held to be the result of interplay of forces between remnants of the vitreous cortex and the retina. The treatment remains exclusively surgical by vitrectomy, with or without internal limiting membrane peeling, to relieve traction forces.
This case report describes a spontaneous closure of a macular hole in a 67 years old male patient, in whom vitrectomy was performed for a rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. The patient had an initial postoperative improvement of his visual acuity.
Four weeks postoperatively, he presented a full thickness macular hole documented by an OCT-SD showing a thin epiretinal membrane, and refused any further surgical intervention. A monthly surveillance was suggested. One month later, the patient reported an improvement in his visual acuity and the OCT-SD revealed a complete closure of his macular hole without any treatment being provided.
To our knowledge, there have only been 2 similar cases described in literature suggesting the hypothesis of tangential vitreomacular tractions due to vitreous cortex remnants. Herein, we report the case of a spontaneous closure of a macular hole, OCT-SD documented, with a visible epiretinal membrane.


Clubfoot referred as congenital talipes equinovarus (CTEV) is a congenital deformity that twists the foot, ankle, and toes. Left untreated in the early stage, it may lead to lifetime disability. With no proper treatment, the child born with clubfoot cannot walk, run or play. Clubfoot, the most common congenital physical disabilities worldwide, known to occur between 1 and 3 in every 1,000 live births worldwide with evidence of higher rates in developing nations. In a year, over 220,000 children are born with clubfoot in developing countries. In India, more than 50,000 children are born with Clubfoot every year. The most preferred type of clubfoot treatment is the use of braces or orthosis. This study deals with the design and development of an external aid for treating children with clubfoot. The virtual model of an orthosis and the clubfoot is made using computer aided design. Then the assembly is then analyzed for predicting the growth pattern in the foot. Keyword-Clubfoot, Finite element analysis, orthosis


Because sign languages are processed by eye and hand rather than by ear and mouth, we might expect them to be structured differently from spoken languages. However, they are not. Sign languages are characterized by the same hierarchy of linguistic structures [syntax (1), morphology (2), and phonology (3)], and thus draw on the same human abilities as spoken languages. Moreover, children exposed to sign language from birth acquire that language as naturally as hearing children acquire the spoken language to which they are exposed, achieving major milestones at approximately the same ages (4, 5).

However, the manual modality makes sign languages unique in at least one respect. It is relatively easy to use the manual modality to invent representational forms that can be immediately understood by naive observers (e.g., indexical pointing gestures or iconic miming gestures). As a result, communication systems can be invented on the spot in the manual modality, which means that sign systems have the potential to provide a window onto the process of language creation. Indeed, deaf individuals have often found themselves in situations where they needed to create a language de novo.

One such situation is described by Sandler et al. in this issue of PNAS (6). A community, now in its seventh generation and containing 3,500 members, was founded 200 years ago in Israel by the Al-Sayyid Bedouins. Within the last three generations, 150 deaf individuals were born into this community, all descended from two of the founders' five sons. Al-Sayyid Bedouin Sign Language (ABSL) was thus born. The language now has three generations of signers and therefore offers the opportunity to not only glimpse a language in its infant stages but also watch it grow.

ABSL is not yet a mature language and thus is still undergoing change. As a result, signers from each of the three generations are likely to differ, and to differ systematically (7), in the system of signs they use. By observing signers from each generation, we can therefore make good guesses as to when a particular linguistic property first entered the language. Moreover, because the individual families in the community are tightly knit, with strong bonds within families but not across them, we can chart changes in the language in relation to the social network of the community. We can determine when properties remained within a single family and when they did not, and thus follow the trajectory that particular linguistic properties took as they spread (or failed to spread) throughout the community. This small and self-contained community consequently offers a unique perspective on some classic questions in historical linguistics (8, 9).

ABSL differs from young spoken languages [for example, Pidgin or Creole, languages that crop up when existing languages come into contact with one another (10)] in that ABSL has arisen de novo with no influence from any established language, either signed or spoken. Moreover, ABSL differs from other young sign languages [for example, the sign language that currently is emerging in cohorts of Nicaraguan deaf children brought together for the first time in schools (11)] in that it is developing in a socially stable community with children learning the system from their parents.

ABSL holds a unique position between two types of sign systems: (i) homesign, a sign system developed by a deaf child whose hearing losses prevent that child from acquiring spoken language and whose hearing parents have not exposed the child to a conventional sign language, that is, an individual sign system not shared even with the hearing family members within that home (12); and (ii) fully formed sign languages, systems used by a community of signers and transmitted from one generation to the next. Homesign tells us where ABSL may have started; fully formed sign languages tell us where it is going.

Sandler et al. (6) demonstrate that highly regular word order has evolved to mark grammatical relations in ABSL within a single generation; the particular order that the language displays is Subject Object Verb (SOV). Homesigners also turn out to use stable word order to mark grammatical relations, and to do so even though no one signs that word order to them. Despite the fact that each homesigner is developing his or her system alone, all of these systems [even those developed in different cultures (13)] tend to display the same Object Verb (OV) sign order—parallel to the SOV order found in ABSL (home-signers tend to omit signs for S, the Subject). Indeed, even when hearing speakers who know no sign language are asked to use their hands and not their mouths to communicate, the same OV order arises despite the fact that their natural spoken language uses the SVO order (14). Thus, communication systems that are developed without input from conventional language appear prone to exhibit OV order, at least in their early stages.


This is the proof of beal conjecture done by G.L.W.A Jayathilaka from Srilanka. See that K should be there for any right angle triangle due to proportionality.


In this work, the interaction of a rutile powder sample with pyridine, 2,6-lutidine, CO, and CO2 was studied, at atmospheric pressure and under high-vacuum conditions, to investigate the acid/base character of the surface. The rutile powder has been characterized with DRIFT and XP spectroscopies, XRD, and thermal analysis. The adsorption experiments carried out at atmospheric pressure have been studied by means of DRIFT spectroscopy, whereas QMS and XPS have been used to follow the reactions under HV conditions. The comparison between the obtained results revealed the presence of Lewis acid sites on the TiO2 rutile surface. At least two nonequivalent Lewis acidic sites have been observed by means of CO chemisorption; basic sites were studied by adsorption of CO2.


During the Middle and Upper Berriasian, the sedimentary evolution on the Western-Algerian platform was controlled both by eustasy and distensive tectonics. The third-order Middle-Upper Berriasian sequence was tectonically controlled while large-extension parasequences that were deposited during the transgressive system tract should represent eustatic variations.


The Networked Aquatic Microbial Observing System (NAMOS) is an array of embedded networked sensors that has been developed to study plankton populations in marine and aquatic environments. The application of NAMOS in Lake Fulmor, adjacent to the James Mountain Reserve, California, has begun to yield valuable insights into plankton community structure and dynamics including the spatial and temporal distributions of phytoplankton throughout the lake, and their adaptive strategies to deal with extremely high light intensities in surface waters of this subalpine lake. Data collected during deployments of NAMOS in May, June, and August, 2006 revealed changes in vertical temperature stratification, accompanied by overall increases in chlorophyll in the lake throughout the three deployments. The phytoplankton community structure was also highly variable for the three deployments, with diatoms, dinoflagellates, and cyanobacteria dominating at different times, most likely as temperature stratification, nutrient concentrations, and light regimes underwent seasonal changes.


The invention discloses a heat-resistant and wear-resistant vulcanized rare earth alloy steel as well as a preparation method and application thereof, belonging to the field of metallurgical industry. The alloy steel comprises the following components by weight percent: 0.1 to 1.0 percent of carbon, 0.2 to 0.4 percent of silicon, 0.1 to 1.5 percent of tungsten, 0.2 to 0.8 percent of manganese, 0.3 to 1.7 percent of molybdenum, 0.5 to 2.5 percent of sulfur, 0.4 to 2.0 percent of chromium, 0.1 to 0.5 percent of vanadium, 0.001 to 0.1 percent of rare earth and balance of ferrum. With the excellent properties of heat resistance, wear resistance, solid self-lubricating, etc., the heat-resistant and wear-resistant vulcanized rare earth alloy steel is suitable for producing high-temperature and wear-resistant working parts, and can be processed into sliding bearings of various shapes, bushes, shaft sleeves, wear-resistant lining boards, return boards, machine tool slideway and other products under low heavy load. The products made of the heat-resistant and wear-resistant vulcanized rare earth alloy steel can replace copper alloy products, have the advantages of pressure resistance, wear resistance and the like and can obviously prolong the service life of workpieces.


In response to the growing demand for Inpria MOx EUV resists, we have brought online our high-volume manufacturing (HVM) production line, have built the necessary supporting qualified supply chain and have developed the associated quality systems. In this paper we will discuss challenges we overcame in scaling and will review data demonstrating new achievements in reproducibility and stability of MOx photoresists. We will also present recent advances in integrated patterning capabilities for specific use cases of Inpria resists in logic and memory applications on the NXE:3400 as well as an update of resist performance on the EUREKA MET5.


This chapter summarizes P. F. Strawson's thoughts about people's natural and nonrational commitment to engage in characteristically interpersonal relationships. It expands Strawsons' views that the quality of people' wills toward others matter to them, that people put some set of demands on the quality of others' wills, and that people will react in certain ways when those demands are violated or exceeded. It also describes how people typically engage with others in a characteristically interpersonal way. The chapter explains how the exact demands and reactions, as well as details of people's ordinary interpersonal relationships are a natural fact and a product of life as it actually happens. It also illustrates the ways people sometimes characteristically suspend interpersonal relating when circumstances are extreme or when someone is incapable of engaging in it.


The article is devoted to studies the statistical regularities of the Tajik language, arising from the usage of extended by the specific letters Cyrillic alphabet on it.


Growth promotant strategy by season interactions were not found for gain, efficiency of gain or carcass traits. A winter and a summer trial were conducted to evaluate growth promoting strategies among season for yearling heifers fed feedlot finishing diets. Two hundred seventy Angus crossbred intact yearling heifers were used for each trial. Daily dry matter intake and daily water intake were recorded and average daily gain and feed efficiency were calculated. A growth promotant by season interaction was found for dry matter intake only. Performance was improved in both summer and winter when a growth promoting system was used. In the summer, adding melengestrol acetate to estrogenic and androgenic implants strategies tended to stimulate DMI, while in the winter DMI was suppressed by the addition of melengestrol acetate. Heifers had higher gains and intakes in the winter but more efficient gain in the summer. objective of


In this paper, we propose a novel cascading approach, by cascading the feature selection method using mutual correlation with this symbolic approach. In the symbolic approach, the new dimensionality reduction method through transformation of features into symbolic data using the property of collinearity and variance based cumulative sum of features is used. The feature values are transformed into line segments and thus reduced to two symbolic features namely, number of line segments and average slope of the line segments. In addition the first and last feature values are also considered to distinguish the samples with the same average slope values. In this proposed approach of cascading the feature selection method using mutual correlation with this symbolic approach, the entire feature set is reduced to only 4 features. Experimental results on the standard datasets WDBC, WBC, CORN SOYANEAN and WINE shows that the proposed methods achieve better classification performance with negligible time.


THE PURPOSE OF THIS SHORT ESSAY is a critical engagement with the rather impressive 'networked manifesto' that aims to present an authoritative definition of 'critical approaches to security in Europe'.1 Yet, the invitation to articulate my critical response to this endeavour poses a number of problems for me. First, to criticize a manifesto of critical approaches must avoid redeeming the elements of traditional scholarship that are the subject of the manifesto. On the other hand, I believe, this must not lead to a deconstruction for deconstruction's sake, an exercise of intellectual elegance, yet without political or intellectual implications. Second, and more problematically, I share many of the methodological, ethical and political concerns of the c.a.s.e. collective. I do regard critical security studies (CSS) (of which I consider the c.a.s.e. manifesto to be a part) to be one of the most significant and productive fields within international politics, not least because it is able to address the philosophical and political issues of security that traditional security studies adamantly excludes from its agenda. Moreover, the network behind the manifesto encompasses many authors and scholars whose work I draw on in my own research. My critique should therefore be construed as a constructive engagement, very much in line with the commitment to self-reflection that is inherent in any critical agenda. My main objection to the manifesto concerns its format and the epistemic claim that goes with it. Succinctly put, I believe that a manifesto is an inadequate, indeed counterproductive, form of publication for a critical project.


The novel coordination polymer, [Pb(1,4-chdc)(L)], 1, (1,4-H2chdc = cyclohexane-1,4-dicarboxylic acid and L = 11-fluoro-dipyrido[3,2-a:2' ,3'-c]phenazine), has been synthesized using a hydrothermal method and characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Crystal data: C26H19FN4O4Pb, triclinic, space group P1, a = 9.074(5), b = 9.499(5), c = 13.853(5) Å , α = 85.640(5), β = 76.127(5), γ = 74.730(5)°, V = 1118.2(9)°A3, Z = 2. The 1,4-chdc ligands link the Pb(II) atoms to form a 1D chain structure. The L ligands are attached on both sides of the chains. Further, π-π interactions among neighboring chains lead to a two-dimensional supramolecular layer Graphical Abstract Hydrothermal Synthesis and Crystal Structure of a Novel Pb(II) Coordination Polymer


A liquid micro-flow detection method comprises the following steps: S1, obtaining a function relation V(P) between pressure P and velocity V of liquid at liquid outlet of a storage container; S1.1, sampling the pressures of the liquid at the liquid outlet at different liquid levels, measuring the accumulated flow M1 of the liquid in a time period T when sampling is carried out under all pressure values, so as to calculate the liquid velocity V, M1/T, under the corresponding sampling pressure value and build a data set of pressure-velocity of sampling liquid of each time; S1.2, based on the pressure-flow velocity data set obtained in the S1, assuming the order of an approximating function, and calculating the coefficient of the approximating function corresponding to the order through a least squares method, so as to obtain the function relation V (P) between the pressure and velocity of the liquid; and S2, integrating the function relation V(P) to calculate the flow M in a certain period. According to the invention, with the function relation between the pressure and velocity of the liquid at the liquid outlet, the overall flow in a certain time can be monitored as long as the pressure of the liquid outlet is monitored, and the method can be used for the measurement of the liquid with the velocity below 800 L/h.


The retroviruses human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐1/2 and human T‐cell leukemia virus (HTLV)‐I/II share modes of transmission, suggesting that efforts to monitor the current HIV‐1 epidemic in Switzerland should be complemented by assessment of HTLV‐I/II prevalence. This study presents an updated evaluation of HTLV‐I/II infection among groups within the Swiss population polarized towards either low or increased risk of infection. Archived serum and peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) samples were examined for evidence of HTLV‐I/II infection by enzyme‐linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA), type‐specific Western blot, type‐specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR), DNA sequence analysis, and virus culture. Among blood donations obtained from low‐risk Swiss donors, we report a complete lack of HTLV‐II infection and the occurrence of HTLV‐I infection limited to a prevalence of 0.079 per 100,000 (1/1,266,466). Among high‐risk HIV‐positive persons and HIV‐negative persons at increased risk of HIV‐infection, we report a focus of HTLV‐I and HTLV‐II infection at prevalence rates of 62 per 100,000 (1/1,620) and 309 per 100,000 (5/1,620), respectively. The finding of low HTLV‐I/II prevalence among Swiss blood donors and containment of HTLV‐I/II infection within known risk‐groups does not support initiation of HTLV‐I/II screening for Swiss blood, tissue, and organ donations. J. Med. Virol. 72:328–337, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


The trend towards emergency abdominal ultrasound is filtering across the Atlantic. Observational studies have been made to study the impact and effectiveness of such imaging in the emergency department. This CD-ROM therefore seems appropriate for the accelerated learning of essential abdominal ultrasound …


This master thesis work was performed in the Scania RECT group. The purpose of this study was to investigate a new test method and to examine if it was possible to perform a vibration test on two a ...


This article studies efficient allocations in a dynamic private information economy with a continuum of idiosyncratic shocks that are persistent. I develop a first-order approach for this environment and show that the problem has a simple recursive structure that relies on only a small number of state variables, making the problem tractable. I find sufficient conditions that guarantee that the first-order approach is valid. To illustrate the first-order approach I numerically compute the efficient allocations in a Mirrleesean economy with productivity shocks that follow a random walk and verify the validity of the first-order approach. I show that persistent shocks create a new trade-off where the social planner decreases the informational rent of the agent today at the cost of providing higher insurance in the future. Copyright 2013, Oxford University Press.


Epidemic infections have frightened and harmed people for millennia. Plague (1) and typhus (2), bacterial infections associated with poor sanitation and high mortality, have devastated populations. Both still reappear intermittently, but they are generally contained with better sanitation and control of rodent and insect vectors along with antibiotics. In contrast, viral epidemics persist. A unique strain of influenza caused a global epidemic (pandemic) in 1918 resulting in millions of deaths (3). Among recent outbreaks of viral infections, several have been caused by coronaviruses (4). One of these, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is now causing a pandemic illness termed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) that poses unique challenges. This novel coronavirus is readily transmitted from person-to-person, even by those who are infected but without symptoms. In susceptible people it causes severe illness and often death from pulmonary and systemic injuries. At present, we have neither a preventive vaccine nor well-studied pharmacotherapy, although work to develop these is vigorously underway.

Certain groups are more vulnerable to COVID-19, notably older people and those with underlying medical conditions. Because diabetes is one of the conditions associated with high risk, the diabetes community urgently needs to know more about COVID-19 and its effects on people with diabetes.

Between the first appearance of this illness in December 2019 and the time of writing this commentary, several detailed clinical descriptions have been published. Among 44,672 patients in China with infection confirmed by nucleic acid testing up to mid-February (5), most (87%) were between 30 and 79 years old. A large majority (81%) were considered to have mild illness, but in 14% it was judged to be severe and in 5% critical. Of all confirmed cases, 2.3% of patients died. Higher mortality rates were found among those ≥80 years old (14.8%), in those with preexisting cardiovascular …


With a view to the acquisitional errors made by CFL learners,this paper discusses the syntactic and semantic restrictions for the use of "dou" as an adverb of scope,putting forward the concept of "compulsory use" of "dou" syntactically and the way of forming and deriving sentences according to its semantic meaning of "referring to the subjects one by one",which may considerably facilitate CFL teaching.Based on the syntactic and semantic analysis of "dou",the paper then investigates several types of grammatical errors made by CFL learners concerning the use of "dou",exploring the causes of such errors from multiple perspectives: interlingual difficulty,intralingual developmental difficulty and misleading classroom instruction.On basis of the analysis,pedagogical suggestions concerning the teaching of "dou" are thus put forward.


Kalimantan is an island surrounded by tropical rain forests and has hot and humid weather because it is crossed by the equator. The hot and humid weather affects the human working climate in the exchange of air in the room, for example in the laboratory. This study objective was to know the amount of air exchange per hour at the Samarinda Occupational Safety and Health Center. The tools used were the TESTO 425 anemometer, a digital meter, a lutron-abh 4225, and a laptop. The chambers where air changes per hour measured were the main laboratory, weighing chamber, UV-VIS spectrophotometer chamber, and atomic absorption and chromatography spectrophotometer chamber. Based on the results of measurements and data analysis, it can be concluded that the ventilation system of 3 out of 4 laboratory chambers has met the recommendation. The calculation step was carried out by entering the measured parameters into the ACH equation. The last stage, the analysis was carried out to compare the ACH values based on the ASHRAE recommendations. Based on the results, the average value of ACH for the main laboratory room was 3,8 x/hour, weighing chamber was 15,61 x/hour, UV-VIS spectrophotometer was 12,7 x/hour, and atomic absorption and chromatography spectrophotometer chamber was 12,78 x/hour. The average number of air changes per hour (ACH) at the laboratory is 11,22 x/hour, where the amount of air changes per hour is in accordance with the ASHRAE (2011) recommendation for a good and healthy environment, the ASHRAE recommendations with the ACH of the Laboratory room ranging from 6 to 12 x/hour. It can be concluded that wind speed, cross-sectional area, and room volume affect the amount of air exchange per hour.


Thin, lightweight package that has been adopted. However, thin type is, for bending of the package, the problem caused by the difference in thermal expansion coefficient between the printed circuit board, for example, are caused by a connection failure of the disconnection, metal three lines of the conductive path provided in the semiconductor device occurs, the semiconductor device the reliability was an issue. An insulating resin (44), X axis is -Y-axis direction and embedding (40) with a conductive formed of larger crystals than the Z-axis direction, the back surface of the conductive path 40 is sealed semiconductor is exposed from the insulating resin (44) It provides an apparatus. Accordingly, to suppress the breakage of a conductive buried in the insulating resin 44 (40).


This study discusses the concept and phenomenon of intrapreneurship as well as its prerequisites and outcomes. This study is a part of a larger research programme aiming at building a model of intrapreneurship and testing the model in different kinds of organisations and contexts. In this paper we present results of the survey of 8 companies and 184 employee responses. Based on these preliminary results we discuss the findings and implications for further research. The study points out that the prerequisites and outcomes of intrapreneurship have a positive dependency relation. Higher levels of the prerequisites of intrapreneurship both in quantity and quality, the more outcomes of intrapreneurship are observed. Measuring intrapreneurship sheds light on some aspects of the phenomenon studied, but it also leaves several questions unanswered. Therefore, in order to better understand it and to benefit from phenomenon, it is suggested to use versatile research approaches and to follow up and analyse intrapreneurial movements within organisations on a longitudinal basis.


The main aim of this article is to show how different ways of modelling a construction process of soldier pile walls influence the development of the computational lateral earth pressure in this type of structure. Moreover, the paper includes an analysis of soldier pile systems designed in both traditional (Coulomb, Rankine etc.) and numerical approaches. In order to analyse the above problems, several numerical models of soldier pile walls were built and the results obtained were then compared.


Stoma operations are one of the most frequently performed operation by the colorectal surgeons. And the consequences of the stoma operation of the patients are well known. However, most colorectal surgeons who performed stoma operation were not aware of the problems that are part of the rehabilitation of the ostomates. In order to elucidate the current status of the stoma studies in Korea, literature reviews were performed by using the Korean medical literature database. Most of the Korean literatures written by the colorectal surgeons are related with the postoperative complications of stoma surgeries. Very few papers are concerned with rehabilitation issues including postoperative adaptation of ostomates, quality of life, and stoma nursing care. Recently, more and more papers concerning the stoma rehabilitation issues were published and the interests in the patient's adjustment to a change in body function are growing. Stoma rehabilitation program should be the part of the nations' welfare program which would be successful with the active participation of the colorectal surgeons, enterostomal therapists and ostomates. We, colorectal surgeons, and the Korean Society of Coloproctology should do the major role in stoma-related researches and cooperate with the enterostomal therapists and ostomates organizations in order to establish and develop the stoma rehabilitation program in Korea.


In order to find out the effects of different sowinggap stages between male and female parents on seed production yield of Luliangyou 267,the field experiments were conducted in Zaoyuan County of Louxing District of Loudi City in 2009.In the experiments,the sowing periods of female parent were the same,but male parent took five different sowing periods.The results showed that when female parent sowing at 27th May and male parent sowing at 14th May,which different sowing gap stage between male and female parents was 13 days,the synchronization of male and female parents' flowering stages was great and the seed production yield was the highest that reached 3 942.45 kg/hm2;when female parent sowing at 27th May and male parent sowing at 11th May,which different sowing gap stage between male and female parents was 16 days,the synchronization of male and female parents' flowering stages was normal and the seed production yield was worse than that of the first treatment,which was 3 110.25 kg/hm2;the synchronizations of male and female parents' flowering stages in others three treatments were worse and the yield was low.


: According to N.F. Reimers (1990), pollution is understood as the introduction into the environment or the emergence in it of new, usually uncharacteristic for it, physical, chemical, biological, informational agents or the excess of the natural long-term average concentration level at the considered time, leading to negative consequences. With such a broad interpretation of the concept of pollution, its traditional division into chemical, physical and biological becomes insufficient and is supplemented by geological and geomorphological.


Objective To observe the effects of atorvastatin combined with ezetimibe on carotid atherosclerosis in patients with hypercholesterolemia.Methods A total of 92 hypercholesterolemic patients complicated with coronary artery disease were divided into control group (atorvastatin used alone) and combined treatment group (atorvastatin combined with ezetimibe) and treated for 12 months.Carotid atherosclerosis-related indicators including blood lipid,high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and matrix metalloproteinases-9 (MMP-9) were detected before and after treatment.Results After treatment,the plaque area [(19.12 ±2..56) mm2 vs.(23.43 ±2.75)mm2,P <0.05],the ratio of unstable carotid atherosclerotic plaques (79.67% vs.85.84%,P < 0.05),serum level of low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C)[(2.34±0.56) mm2 vs.(2.75 ±0.58) mmol/L,P<0.01],MMP-9 [(129.25 ±40.71) μg/L vs.(218.92±60.34) μg/L,P<0.01] and hs-CRP [(3.18±1.24) mg/L vs.(4.07 ±1.65) mg/L,P<0.O1] showed significant difference between combined treatment group and control group.The plaque area was decreased significantly in combined treatment group as compared with that before treatment [(19.12 ±2.56) mm2 vs.(25.76± 1.01) mm2,P<0.05].Conclusion Combination of atorvastatin with ezetimibe could further decrease LDL-C,MMP-9 and hs-CRP levels and have certain effects on the progression of carotid atherosclerosis in hypereholesterolemic patients complicated with coronary artery disease.

Key words:
Etezimibe ;  Atrovastatin;  Carotid atherosclerosis


Objective: To evaluate a new technique of precise ostial coronary stenting without relying solely on angiography. Background: Precise stent positioning at ostial coronary stenosis is difficult because angiography may not be able to profile the coronary ostium, due to vessel overlap and/or foreshortening. This problem is compounded by bobbing or to and fro movement of the stent with cardiac contraction. Methods: A new technique of precise ostial stenting not dependant on angiography was utilized. A guidewire in a side branch was threaded through the most proximal stent cell and the stent was advanced into the target vessel until it was stopped at the carina. The stent was deployed and the side guidewire withdrawn. All results were documented by intravascular ultrasound (IVUS). Results: From October 2005 to October 2007, 58 patients with significant ostial coronary stenosis required stenting. Seventeen patients were treated in the conventional manner and the remaining 41 patients with the new technique. The ostial locations included 8 left main, 25 left anterior descending, 3 circumflex, 1 obtuse marginal, 3 right coronary, and 1 posterior descending artery. Success, as confirmed by IVUS, was achieved in 40 patients (97.6%). Failure occurred in a right coronary ostial stenosis, which was subsequently treated by the conventional method. There were no complications. Conclusion: This new technique is highly successful in cases of difficulty in stenting ostial stenosis guided solely by conventional angiography. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


The Container Analysis Fire Environment (CAFE) computer code is used to simulate the response of a generic legal-weight-truck package to 3 h fires. Simulations are performed with the package centered 1 m above a 7.2-m-diameter JP-8 fuel pool. They are also performed with the package horizontally offset from that location by I m and 2.5 m. Simulations without impact limiters are performed to quantify the level of thermal protection they provide. The minimum fire duration that causes the seal to reach its temperature of concern is determined for each configuration. When the center of the no-impact limiter package is within 2.5 m of the pool center, 0.7 h fires are capable of causing the seal to reach its temperature of concern. By contrast, the intact package protects the seal in fires that last more than 2 h. These results help risk analysts understand the effect of package position and the role of impact limiters on accident consequences.


Performance and reliability are becoming more important in system design draft. Traditional testing and simulation techniques often reach their limits when utilized for the simple reason that they only provide approximate results. This paper addresses performance and reliability analysis problems from quantitative perspective and considers a sensor cluster as a case study. This paper employs probabilistic model checking technique and presents CTMC model of the cluster. Probabilistic model checker PRISM is utilized in the experiment.


The Global Positioning System (GPS) is well-known for its use in positioning and navigation. One of many error sources in the GPS signals is the delay of signal propagation through the neutral atmosphere - troposphere - containing temporally variable amount of water vapour. Traditionally, water vapour radiometers have been used to obtain water vapour structure, but have disadvantages of high-cost and accuracy degradation in worst weather. However, GPS is a proven "sensor" for its relatively low cost and all-weather capability which makes it ideal for profiling the atmospheric water vapour for many applications such as meteorology and climate monitoring. There exist many research activities and outcomes related to Integrated Water Vapour (IWV) profiles using GPS. This study aims to adopt the common methods of IWV profiling with the main focus on the design and implementation of the near-real-time automation process. It is also intended to compare the effect of various observation intervals, the number of total observation sites and different types of orbit products in terms of the accuracy and the computation time.


Experimental flows of turbidity currents are investigated using photometric analysis. The present work studies the interaction of turbidity currents with different obstacles and substrates, using a 25 mm square-bottomed cylinder obstacle, and a 0.8 mm rough surface for the entire base of the test basin. Notable differences are evident in the nature and characteristics of current flows. The rough substrate decreases current velocity and minimises the appearance of turbidity current phenomena, such as lobe and cleft formation and Kelvin-Helmholtz billows. Presence of an obstacle causes localised decreases in velocity, but otherwise has little effect on overall velocity of the flow. Lobe and cleft formations increase significantly after the current passes over an obstacle. It is concluded that these findings warrant the inclusion of rough substrates in further experimental testing. A generally used smooth laboratory substrate does not take into account substrates encountered in nature, and our preliminary study shows that there are significant flow characteristic differences. The presented work is based on limited tests, it is recommended to undertake a more comprehensive study to evaluate the substrate roughness effect.


The lack of visionary leadership at the top explains why many of the world's poorest countries never make it to even first base. A never-ending succession of corrupt, ineffective, and morally bankrupt presidents and prime ministers whose sole interest is to plunder their countries and fatten their Swiss bank accounts explains why those countries, especially in Africa but also elsewhere, never leave the batter's box. By the way, the disturbing tendency of many third-rate leaders of poor countries to hang on to power — e.g. Robert Mugabe of Zimbabwe, widely credited with turning one of Africa's most promising countries into one of its worst basket cases — is most definitely not motivated by any noble desire to serve the citizens of their countries. Instead, it is motivated by the selfish desire to plunder their countries for as long as possible. If you ask any Zimbabwean or the citizen of any similarly wretched country about whether public service is the main motive for their leaders' longevity in office, you will be laughed off…


In the cerenkov laser, as the electromagnetic wave grows by gaining energy from the electron beam, it loses kinetic energy and, thus, its drift velocity decreases. As a result, the synchronism between the propagation velocity of the electromagnetic wave and the drift velocity of the electron beam ceases to be kept and efficient growth of the electromagnetic wave is prevented. to overcome this difficulty, this paper proposes a model for the cerenkov laser loaded with a Kerr-like medium, the permittivity of which increases in proportion to the square of electric field. Also, a numerical investigation is made to determine how the growth characteristics for the electromagnetic wave are improved with the aid of the finite element method.

The numerical result shows that, by choosing a proper value for the nonlinear coefficient of the Kerr-like medium, the propagation velocity of the electromagnetic wave can be delayed in accordance with the decrease in the drift of the electron beam. Thus, the growth characteristics for the electromagnetic wave can be improved greatly. In addition, it is found that the interaction distance to maximize the electromagnetic wave power extracted from the electron beam can be shortened compared with the case where only a linear dielectric is loaded.


A study was conducted on nutrient management approaches in rice-blackgram cropping system under different ecosystems. The growth parameters were recorded at 30 DAS, 60 DAS and at harvest of blackgram crop. The results indicated that the plant height and number of branches had increased linearly as the crop attained maturity. The three way interaction of ecosystem, nutritional approaches and N sources (M x N x S) had proved that significantly taller plants of blackgram were associated with the residual effect of transplanted soils which possessed neem coated urea based on SSNM for yield target of 7 t ha-1 (M2N4S2) at all stages of crop growth and number of branches at 60 DAS and at harvest.


A virtual instrument system for electronic controller of an aero engine has been developed. The development of multi-threaded virtual instrument software based on LabWindows/CVI is analyzed. Problems in developing multi-threaded software have been solved, and configuration of multi-threaded virtual instrument software is given.


We compared the impact of different pricing practice within several DRG-like systems. By developing six criteria (Integration of patients' health risk into pricing practice, Incentives for quality improvement and innovation, Availability of high class evidence based therapy, Prohibition of economically founded exclusions, Reduction of fragmentation incentives


impact on pulmonary and umbilical blood flows [6, 7] . This indicates that the potential benefits may be even larger in spontaneously breathing infants when subatmospheric intrathoracic pressures are produced as compared to the supra-atmospheric pressures during positive pressure ventilation. Taking into account establishing lung aeration next to placental transfusion, the moment of clamping should be based on physiology and individualized instead of using a fixed time point. The trials in preterm infants included in the meta-analysis focused on placental transfusion and used a fixed time point, with no regard for lung aeration [4] . Also in the Australian Placental Transfusion Study, the largest trial so far (1,600 infants), cord clamping is focused on transfusion and time-based (60 s) while no respiratory effort is provided (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02606058). In recent studies where respiratory support for preterm infants was provided close to the mother, delayed cord clamping showed no differences in outcome [8, 9] . However, in these studies the moment of cord clamping was still based on time. In the ongoing CORD trial (ISRCTN21456601), cord clamping is delayed at least 2 min while respiratory support was given. Recently, in Leiden University Medical Center cord clamping has been integrated into the stabilisation of the preterm infant. We have developed a purpose-built resuscitation table that allows infants to be kept close to their mothers, allowing the provision of standard care during stabilisation while the cord remains intact. The infant is fully monitored to ensure adequacy of ventilation and breathing effort [10] . The cord will be clamped once the infant has been stabilized and the lungs are aerated. After testing the safety and effectiveness of this approach, a large randomized trial will be planned to investigate whether this physiologically based approach of cord clamping will improve outcome.


It is shown that spherically symmetric collapse of a dust cloud in some cases may lead to a naked singularity.


The article analyzes the evolutionary processes of the formation of mechanisms of the state regulation through diplomatic policy. It is justified that in the external relations between the countries one of the oldest and most important administrative institutions of the political activity is the institution of regulation of diplomatic relations. With the advent of the interstate relations of the ancient world, both peaceful and military, the political figures of ancient Egypt, India, Greece, Rome, China and other countries have developed directions for improving the public policy in the field of diplomatic activity. Considering the statehood of Ancient India, in the context of the development of mechanisms of the public administration in the field of diplomatic relations, it has been stated that the use in diplomatic policy of the diplomatic privileges and immunities is one of the most ancient and widely recognized ways of regulating this activity in the international law. It has been proved that the problem of finding a balance in the direction of the patterns of development of mechanisms of the public administration in the field of


Given a p-adic representation of the Galois group of a local field, we show that its Galois cohomology can be computed using the associated 6tale (o, F)-module over the Robba ring; this is a variant of a result of Herr. We then establish analogues, for not necessarily etale (ý, F)-modules over the Robba ring, of the Euler-Poincard characteristic formula and Tate local duality for p-adic representations. These results are expected to intervene in the duality theory for Selmer groups associated to de Rham representations. We introduce the notion of families of q-modules which arises naturally from both rigid cohomology and p-adic Hodge theory. We then prove the local constancy of generic HNpolygons of families of overconvergent 0-modules and the semicontinuity of HN-polygons of families of q-modules over reduced affinoid algebras. These results are prospective for a slope theory of families of (overconvergent) 0-modules. Thesis Supervisor: Kiran Sridhara Kedlaya Title: Associate Professor of Mathematics Acknowledgments Many thanks are due to my advisor, Kiran Sridhara Kedlaya, for suggesting the topic of this thesis, for many useful discussions and crucial suggestions, for enabling me to attend many conferences, and for spending much time reviewing early drafts of this thesis. In this last regard, thanks are due as well to Jay Pottharst, and Liang Xiao. Thanks Chris Davis for many help on English. Thanks also to Chris Davis, Liang Xiao for all kinds of help and the much happy time shared. I would like to thank my wife, Qiuye Zhao, for the love she provides. Finally, thanks to my parents, Shaolu Liu and Yujie Tai, for giving me the freedom to do what I like and the support and encouragement that I always received. Financial support was provided by MIT Department of Mathematics.


This chapter investigates if System 2 (analytic system) can revise or suppress the negative outputs of System 1 (intuitive system) by natural experiment in history. Two periods are picked up in this chapter: the 17th century when there was a decline in war, torture, cruel punishment, and religious persecution, and the time after World War II when there has been a decline in war, genocide, and violence with growing awareness of human rights. In short, the outputs associated with strong emotion are less likely to be revised, and an effective way for revision is to use a story to trigger the theory of mind in System 1. This is also discussed in the frame of distinction between deontic moral judgment and utilitarian moral judgment. Finally, it is proposed that a good story should be elaborated by System 2 and be prevailed so that it arises emotions (sympathy) of System 1 and drives people for the better-being future. Morality and Contemporary Civilization: A Dual Process Approach


This study uses landslide inventory of a single typhoon event and Weight of Evidence (WOE) analysis to prepare landslide susceptibility map of the Laonung River in southern Taiwan. Eight factors including lithology, elevation, slope, slope aspect, landform, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), distance to geological structure, and distance to stream are used to evaluate the susceptibility of landslide. Effect analysis and the assessment of grouped factors showed that lithology, slope, elevation, and NDVI are the factors that mostly influence the instability of the study area. Landslide susceptibility analysis with these four factors achieves over 90% of the AUC (area under curve) that represent the respective success rates and prediction rates of all eight factors. Four landslide susceptibility models for four typhoons from 2007 to 2009 are developed, and each model is cross validated. Results indicate that the best model should be developed by using landslide inventory close to the landslide occurrence threshold and should reflect the most common spatial rainfall pattern in the study region for ideal simulation and validation results. The prediction accuracy of the best model in this study reached 90.2%. The two highest susceptibility categories (very high and high levels) cover around 80% of the actual landslides in the study area.