The medical world at this time can not be separated from technological developments that continue to develop, technological development at this time is closely related to the medical world is the digital image processing with the use of image processing technology in the form of MRI. MRI is a cutting-edge medical device that serves to examine and detect human organs by using magnetic fields and radio frequency waves, MRI images can provide information about the structure in the patient's body in more detail without radiation than X-rays or radioactive materials. MRI image processing is safer to use and easier to analyze. In this study aims to detect tumors in MRI images, in this study is divided into three stages of image processing with thresholding segmentation, thresholding segmentation is one image segmentation technique in which the process is based on the difference of gray scale image. Then the feature extraction retraction, feature extraction is a step extracting the information features of the objects in the image to be identified as distinguished from other objects. And then resumed morphological operation, morphological operation is a process that aims to change the shape of the object on the original image. The process can be done on the grayscale image and binary image, morphological operation aims to smoothing the results of the feature extraction process so that the object is seen with the maximum and perfect. In this study aims to get the object suspected tumor by performing feature extraction so as to distinguish with other objects. In addition, also built MATLAB toolbox applications as output research and documentation.


The retention volumes for small (zero) sample size (Henry constants) of hydrogen-treated graphitized thermal carbon black (HTGTCB) in five- or six-membered mono- and bicyclic nitrogen-containing compounds have been determined. Comparison of Henry constants K1 and initial heats of adsorption q̄1 of nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds with those of hydrocarbons of a similar structure has shown that adsorption of the studied heterocyclic compounds on HTGTCB depends on the number and position of nitrogen atoms in their molecules. An increase in the number of nitrogen atoms in flat molecules of azoles (pyrrole, pyrazole, 1,2,4-triazole) brings about the growth of K1 and q̄1. In six-membered cycles the growth of K1 and q̄1 is observed only during the transition from pyridine to 1,2-diazine (pyridazine), whereas in transition to 1,3- and 1,4-diazines (pyrimidine and pyrazine), and further on to s-triazine, the retention greatly reduces. In azanaphthalenes (quinoline, cinnoline, quinoxaline) and benzazoles (indole, indazole) the growing number of nitrogen atoms also results in weaker retention.


The paper deals with the competitive effects of price guarantees in a spatial duopoly where consumers can search for lower prices but have to incur hassle costs if they want to claim a price guarantee. It is shown that symmetric equilibria with and without price guarantees exist but price guarantees will have no effect on prices if search costs are low, hassle costs are high and the number of uninformed consumers is small. However, when both firms use price guarantees, there also exist payoff-dominant equilibria where both firms use mixed pricing strategies in the form of "high-low" pricing schemes, provided that the search costs are sufficiently high.


Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. Electronic mail: email@example.com. Wu Z, Gao K, Wang ZL, et al. A new method to retrieve phase information for equiangular fan beam differential phase contrast computed tomography. Med Phys. 2013;40:031911. Pan XC. Optimal noise control in and fast reconstruction of fan-beam computed tomography image.Med Phys. 1999;26:689–697. Qi ZH, Chen GH. A local region of interest image reconstruction via filtered backprojection for fan-beam differential phase-contrast computed tomography. Phys Med Biol. 2007;52:N417–N423.


A power-law fluid flowing down a slippery inclined plane under the action of gravity is deliberated in this research work. A Newtonian layer at a small strain rate is introduced to take care of the divergence of the viscosity at a zero strain rate. A low-dimensional two-equation model is formulated using a weighted-residual approach in terms of two coupled evolution equations for the film thickness h and a local velocity amplitude or the flow rate q within the framework of lubrication theory. Moreover, a long-wave instability is shown in detail. Linear stability analysis of the proposed two-equation model reveals good agreement with the spatial Orr-Sommerfeld analysis. The influence of a wall-slip on the primary instability has been found to be non-trivial. It has the stabilizing effect at larger values of the Reynolds number, whereas at the onset of the instability, the role is destabilizing which may be because of the increase in dynamic wave speed by the wall slip. Competing impressions of shear-thinning/shear-thickening and wall slip velocity on the primary instability are captured. The impact of slip velocity on the traveling-wave solutions is discussed using the bifurcation diagram. An increasing value of the slip shows a significant effect on the traveling wave and free surface amplitude. Slip velocity controls both the kinematic and dynamic waves of the system, and thus, it has the profound passive impact on the instability.A power-law fluid flowing down a slippery inclined plane under the action of gravity is deliberated in this research work. A Newtonian layer at a small strain rate is introduced to take care of the divergence of the viscosity at a zero strain rate. A low-dimensional two-equation model is formulated using a weighted-residual approach in terms of two coupled evolution equations for the film thickness h and a local velocity amplitude or the flow rate q within the framework of lubrication theory. Moreover, a long-wave instability is shown in detail. Linear stability analysis of the proposed two-equation model reveals good agreement with the spatial Orr-Sommerfeld analysis. The influence of a wall-slip on the primary instability has been found to be non-trivial. It has the stabilizing effect at larger values of the Reynolds number, whereas at the onset of the instability, the role is destabilizing which may be because of the increase in dynamic wave speed by the wall slip. Competing impressions of shear-thinni...


In the paper, the features of millimeter-wave ultra-wideband signals application, related to photon methods of generation and transmission of millimeter-wave signals, as well as the quasi-optical approach for modeling signal loss (amplification) are considered. It is proposed to use more accurate models of millimeter-wave ultra-wideband radio systems, which should correspond to the fundamental physical features of the propagation of millimeter waves, especially in urban conditions. It is shown that when calculating such systems it is necessary to take into account the noise associated with the method of generating millimeter waves.


The influences of machining parameters on the surface microstructure, the surface stress and the mechanical properties in beryllium are studied, and the relieving machine damage of beryllium is solved. The results show that the compressive stress and twins in surface layer of the machined beryllium are caused by lathe and milling, so its mechanical properties decrease, and that the machining damage increases gradually with the increasing of depth of cut and feed. After machine damage relieved by chemical etching or annealing for 2h at 750℃, the mechanical properties of beryllium are recovered.


This paper presents the design of an Extended Gradient Predictor and Filter for smoothing Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI). In wireless communication RSSI is a measurement of power in received signal, which is a parameter used for handover and position estimation purpose. In real time applications such as handover and position estimation requires continuous reception of RSSI measurements. Due to the effect of noise, variations occur in the received signal, which sometimes produce communication holes. In that case, RSSI measurements become zero, which produces distance estimation error. In order to minimize the effect communication, an existing Gradient filter is modified based on most recent RSSI measurement received. The advantage of the proposed extended Gradient RSSI predictor and filter is that it predicts and filters RSSI values in the presence of communication holes for real time object tracking. The performance of proposed extended Gradient RSSI predictor and filter is tested using simulated and real-time RSSI measurements using Bluetooth technology, which shows better performance in case of communication holes occur.


Advances in network technologies have greatly decreased barriers to accessing physically distributed computers. This newfound accessibility coincides with increasing hardware specialization, creating exciting new opportunities to dispatch workloads to the best resource for a specific purpose, rather than those that are closest or most easily accessible. We present Delta, a service designed to intelligently schedule function-based workloads across a distributed set of heterogeneous computing resources. Delta implements an extensible architecture in which different predictors and scheduling algorithms can be integrated to provide dynamically evolving estimates of function execution times on different resources—estimates that can be used to determine the most appropriate location for execution. We describe predictors for function runtime, data transfer time, and cold-start resource provisioning and configuration delay; dynamic learning methods that update predictor models over time; and scheduling strategies that take into account both function and endpoint information. We show that these methods can halve workload makespan when compared with a strategy that selects the fastest resource, and decrease makespan by a factor of five when compared to a round robin strategy, when deployed on a heterogeneous testbed with resources ranging from a Raspberry Pi to a GPU node in an academic cloud.


[Objective] In order to indicate the relationship between soil microbial quantity and soil factor.[Methods] Selected 11 typical plots under different saline-alkali soils in Hexi Corridor in spring,the soil microbial quantity,the enzyme activity and the physicochemical properties were investigated and variance analyzed,simple correlation analyzed,stepwise regressive analyzed and principal component analyzed.[Results] It shows that there were obvious differences between the primary saline-alkali soil,the secondary saline-alkali soil and farmland soil in soil physico-chemical properties and soil microbial quantity.The soil microbial quantity was generally at a low level and at regularity: primary saline-alkali soilsecondary saline-alkali soilfarmland soil.Ac-tinomyces,fungi,alkaline phosphatase,urease and effective phosphorus are primary factors which cause the correlation between the soil microbial quantity,enzyme activity and physicochemical properties.[Conclusion] The results indicate that soil phosphorus cycle influence the soil microbial quantity of saline-alkali soil in Hexi Corridor.


Politicians must face up to their responsibilities and explain to the public why NHS services need to be closed or reconfigured, the chief executive of the NHS in England, David Nicholson, has warned.

Speaking at the NHS Confederation's annual conference in Manchester last week, Sir David said that the NHS had no other option than to close or reconfigure services if it was to live within its reduced means and still improve care.

He said, "Where we have the evidence and clinical support to make service change that improves quality and reduces costs, we should expect our politicians to support us and take those arguments forward to their local communities. The alternative is real problems for the NHS as a whole.

"In all of this …


Recently, interest in automatic crack detection on concrete structure images for non-destructive inspection has been increasing. In general, there are various noises such as irregularly illuminated conditions, shading, blemishes and divots in the concrete images. These lead to difficulties for automatic crack detection. This paper presents two p re-processings in order to remove such noises for crack detection. First, slight variations like irregularly illuminated conditions and shading are removed from concrete images by the subtraction pre-processing with the smoothed image. Secondly, a line filter based on the Hessian matrix is used to emphasize line structures associated with cracks. Finally, thresholding processing is used to separate cracks from background. The performance of the proposed method is evaluated by ROC analysis with 50 real images. The experimental results show that the proposed method is effective for detecting cracks on noisy concrete images


Biosurfactants are molecules of microbial origin that have superficial action. Among the most effective are the lipopeptide biosurfactants produced by Bacillus, especially surfactin. These biological products have a number of advantages that potentiate their applications, such as: stability to extreme conditions (pH, temperature), diversity of chemical structures, excellent surface and ecological properties, antibiotic action against pathogenic microorganisms, etc. In this context, the productions of total biosurfactants and Surfactin by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens IT45 were evaluated when the reagents concentration present in the culture medium varied. The submerged fermentations were carried out in an industrial shaker and in a pilot bioreactor of 40 liters capacity. In order to improve the reactants concentration, a Central Composite Design was developed to evaluate the influence of three variables (glucose syrup – Glucodry, yeast extract and calcium chloride) on superficial tension, total biosurfactant production and residual sugar. After statistical analyzes, when the variables were in the concentrations (g.L -1 ) of 20 for Glucodry, 15 for yeast extract and 4 for calcium chloride, the superficial tension (mN/m) reduces values above 50 to about 30, the residual sugar was minimal, around 31% and the total biosurfactant production was maximum, around 5.5 gL -1 , after a period of 48 hours. The characterization of the biosurfactant identified Surfactin presence that was quantified in the retention time of 13.5 minutes. In order to know the real production of Surfactin and cellular biomass growth, fermentations were made in a 40 liter pilot bioreactor and the results were quite favorable. The most important culture medium suggested by the Central Composite Design, where glucose syrup, yeast extract and calcium chloride were in the concentrations (g.L -1 ) of 20, 15 and 4, respectively. For this fermentation, the cellular growth was 6.0 x 10 9 CFU.mL -1 , Surfactin production was 0.63 g.L -1 and residual sugar was 28%. The results demonstrate that Bacillus amyloliquefaciens IT45 has potential to produce biosurfactants and does not require high concentrations of carbon and nitrogen sources for its development. Keywords: Biosurfactants, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Surfactin, bioreactor, antimicrobial activity


A polarizer between an antireflection‐coated GaAlAs laser diode and an external optical feedback system is used to control the polarization characteristics of the output light and to select the single or multilongitudinal modes (TE/TM) by adjusting the orientation of the polarizer.


Abstract We have investigated the influence of the degree of cross-linking of Sephadex gels and the polarity of the eluent on the separation of cis- and trans-cinnamic acids and concluded that the physical basis for the separations is hydrophobic interactions between the solute and the cross-linkages in the gels.


Abstract A novel MgAl2O4/TiN composite has been synthesised by aluminothermic reduction and nitridation. The path to reaction was examined by differential thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetric analysis. The phase characterisation and microstructure of the novel composite were investigated by powder X-ray diffraction analysis, SEM, and electron probe microscope analysis, respectively. As a result when the starting temperature is ~ 1000 ° C, TiN and MgAl2O4 form a solid solution.


This study aims to determine the effect of work stress, workload on employee turnover intention. This research method is quantitative, and the population used is employees of PT Panasonic Manufacturing Indonesia with a sample size of 50 respondents to Business Unit X employees. Researchers used data collection techniques in the form of observation, questionnaires, literature study. The instrument test results in this study used multiple regression analysis, t test, and then f test and the results obtained from this study are that on the Job Stress variable (X1), positive and significant results are obtained for the employee turnover intention variable (Y), which can be interpreted as having high work stress for employees, so will high turnover intention. the workload variable (X2) has a positive and significant relationship to employee turnover intention, which means that there is a high workload, the higher the turnover intention.


Thermal oligomerization of nylon 6 and poly(ethylene terephthalate) was conducted in stearic acid at 300-335 °C under atmospheric pressure. Since stearic acid plays the roles of solvent, medium for thermal conduction, and reactive reagent at the same time, the oligomerization reaction can proceed only by adding stearic acid to polymer and heating without any catalysts. The molecular weight of the degradation products was determined by gel permeation chromatography. Fourier transfer infrared spectroscopy for the degradation products of nylon 6 indicated that the chain ends of the oligomerized nylon 6 were converted to stearate groups. The thermal properties of the reaction mixtures were also investigated by differential scanning calorimetry.


The Ornstein-Zernike (OZ) equation for a hard core lattice gas limited by a planar hard wall is solved by means of an iterative procedure. The treatment is based on the existing analogy between the OZ equation and the lattice Green function equation governing a random walk on the lattice. Results are shown, within the Percus-Yevick approximation, for the density profile, the pair correlations and the surface tension.


In the last years, the world economy has advanced considerably, attributed to several economics, political and social factors, such as new alliances between countries that encourage the transfer of capital, technology, new productive linkages, as well as protection of human rights, improvements in social services, etc. Much of this has to do with the decisions made by governments, which can have a positive or negative impact depending on the country where they are applied. Therefore, the present investigation examines the relationship between direct foreign investment and economic freedom in economic for long term, short term, also the causality among using econometrics tolos. through database management such as: World Bank, Freedom House, Fraser Institute and Heritage Foundation according to income level. The results describe a stable short-term and long-term relationship between foreign direct investment, economic freedom and economic growth, but non-existence of causality among the variables. An implication of economic policy derived from this research is the emphasis that the government must make in generating and maintaining the availability of labor, a good macroeconomic and legal environment, reduction of trade barriers, also generating subsidies not only to attract foreign capital, but also educational subsidies, which could help the poor to reach a better quality in their education, this in order to be able to become small entrepreneurs that help to stimulate local economies in the long term.


In July 2018, Zimbabwe held a general election to elect the State President and members of the legislature as well as local councillors. As is the case with the previous round of elections, the credibility of the July 2018 election was disputed by some of the opposition parties as well as by some of the Zimbabwean civil society organisations. Reports by some of the international election observer missions also seem to cast doubt on whether these elections were free, fair and credible. This paper critically examines whether or not this election can be regarded as having been free, fair and credible. The paper examines the election process as it unfolded in 2018 and evaluates it against the minimum standards for a free, fair, and credible election binding on Zimbabwe. These minimum standards are stipulated in the 2013 Constitution of Zimbabwe; the African Charter on Democracy, Elections and Governance (African Charter on Elections) as well as the SADC Principles and Guidelines Governing Democratic Elections (SADC Principles and Guidelines on Elections). The paper concludes with recommendations on the nature of reforms needed to strengthen the credibility of future elections in Zimbabwe.


A can be used in the radiation source, to provide a discharge composition mercury-free capable of emitting radiation. A mercury-free with ionizing composition of sodium-free, the radiation can be released when excited. Radiation source, a mercury-free in such ionizable comprises sodium-free composition. Mercury-free with ionizing composition of sodium-free comprises at least one of metal, one of metal and one metal compound or one metal compound. .FIELD 1


Aims:  The aim of this study was to isolate and characterize new bacteriophages that infect a wide range of plant pathogenic Ralstonia solanacearum strains.


The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the use of fly ash waste and glass powder on the compressive strength of concrete. 17.5% at the age of 3 days, 7 days, 14 days, and 28 days. for the specimens used measuring with a diameter of 10 cm and a height of 20 cm as many as 36 test samples by making variations of the day as many as 3 samples of the test object, After testing the compressive strength of concrete, the compressive strength of the characteristic concrete with the addition of 7% fly ash and glass powder 5%, the maximum compressive strength at the age of 7 days was 23.35 Mpa, the age of 14 days was 28.93 Mpa, and the age of 28 days was 33.85 Mpa. These results exceed the value of the compressive strength of normal concrete characteristics and indicate that fly ash and glass powder increase the compressive strength of concrete. There is a strong influence from the addition of fly ash and glass powder with variations in the addition and certain age of concrete


It firstly presents the evolution of IMS standards of the world, analyzes and discusses the network architecture,network features on Common IMS.


In this paper,the principle and performance of Apriori algorithm is introduced,and two defects of Apriori algorithm:scanning database too much and creating excessive candidate itemsets are analyzed.A new Apriori algorithm has been designed for finding out the highest dimension frequent itemsets from frequent 1-itemset directly.A great number of linking operations in finding frequent itemsets dimension by dimension are canceled over all.The algorithm is improved efficiently.


Objective: To study the variation of lipidemia and apolipoprotein in posthepatitic cirrhosis and biliary cirrhosis. Methods: The plasma cholesterol (CHOL), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), apolipoprotein A1 (APOA1), apolipoprotein B100 (APOB100), total bilirubin (TBIL) and prothrombin activity (PTA) of 35 patients with posthepatitic cirrhosis and 21 patients with biliary cirrhosis and 31 healthy persons as control group were determined and compared. Results: Compared with the control group, the levels of CHOL and TRIG and APOB100 in patients with biliary cirrhosis were significantly increased, but those in patients with posthepatitic cirrhosis were significantly decreased. The levels of TBIL in all patients were significantly increased, especially in patients with biliary cirrhosis. The levels of PTA were significantly decreased, especially in patients with posthepatitic cirrhosis. No difference was found in their levels of HDL and APOA1. Conclusions: The manifestation of lipidemia and apolipoprotein between the posthepatitic cirrhosis and biliary cirrhosis had significant difference and can be regarded as reference criteria for diagnosis and differentiation.


The medical insurance system is one of the most important social economic systems for modern countries,which concerns the most basic interests of the people.How to strengthen medical service system and construct harmonious society, is an important task in front of us.By comparative analysis of Japanese and German medical insurance system patterns and their reform tendencies,it is believed that,the medical insurance level should adapt to the country's;the government should positively undertake the medical insurance related responsibility,especially the farmer's health insurance responsi- bility,deepen the health organizational system reform,optimize health resources disposition,strengthen community health service and the primary medical care,construct reasonable medical expense control mechanism,perfect medical insurance legal framework and related institution construction,and standardize the behaviors of various aspects of medical insurance.


Multilocus linkage analysis of 62 family pedigrees with X chromosome-linked retinitis pigmentosa (XLRP) was undertaken to determine the presence of possible multiple disease loci and to reliably estimate their map location. Multilocus homogeneity tests furnished convincing evidence for the presence of two XLRP loci, the likelihood ratio being 6.4 x 109:1 in favor of two versus a single XLRP locus and gave accurate estimates for their map location. In 60-75% of the families, location of an XLRP gene was estimated at 1 centimorgan distal to OTC, and in 25-40% ofthe families, an XLRP locus was located halfway between DXS14 (p58-1) and DXZJ (Xcen), with an estimated recombination fraction of 25% between the two XLRP loci. There is also good evidence for a third XLRP locus, midway between DXS28 (C7) and DXS164 (pERT87), supported by a likelihood ratio of 293:1 for three versus two XLRP loci. Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a group of hereditary progressive disorders of the retina characterized initially by night blindness, often within the first two decades of life, reduction of peripheral or side vision, eventual decrease in central vision to variable degrees, in many cases leading to total blindness due to degeneration of the retina (1). There are several subtypes of RP, including autosomal recessive, autosomal dominant, and X chromosome-linked forms (XLRP). Linkage analyses in families with XLRP have shown conflicting results regarding the location of the disease locus. Consequently, the presence of two XLRP loci was hypothesized (2-5). One subtype of XLRP, referred to as RP2, was linked to locus DXS7 (L1.28) (6, 7); another subtype, RP3, was linked to locus OTC (ornithine carbamoyltransferase) (8-10). Further evidence for location ofan XLRP locus distal to OTC came from a patient with a deletion starting between OTC and DXS84 (754) and extending toward the telomere, in whom several X-chromosome linked diseases occurred including RP (11). Friedrich et al. (12) found another locus responsible for XLRP to be closely linked to DXS7, between Xcen and DXS7 (L1.28). The current study was initiated as a collaborative effort (i) to obtain evidence for XLRP heterogeneity if at all present, and, if so, (ii) to localize the disease loci in a comprehensive linkage and heterogeneity analysis. Family Data. A total of 62 families were available for this analysis, most but not all of which have been published previously. For calculation efficiency, some pedigrees had earlier been broken down into smaller families and analyzed separately; here, they were analyzed undivided. Disease status for both affected males and carrier females was determined by the investigators and was incorporated unaltered in this analysis. In many cases, heterozygous women also have symptoms that are, however, generally much milder than in men. Where detectable, such symptoms have been used for carrier status determination. Linkage Analysis. The linkage analysis was carried out with the LINKAGE programs version 4.7 (13). Map distances between markers whose physical order is largely known were predominantly determined from the marker data in the present 62 families, except that the distance between DXS85 (782) and DXS41 (99-6) was obtained from H. Willard (personal communication). For given marker distances, each interval between adjacent markers was divided in 5 subintervals whose end points represented possible locations of the disease locus. This way, 13 x 5 + 1 = 66 possible disease locations, xi, were defined. For each family, at each possible disease location, the multipoint lod score (logarithm of odds), log1O[L(x)/L(x.)J, was calculated, where L(x) is the likelihood with respect to position x of the disease locus, and xx denotes an infinite map distance (disease locus not on map). In several families, not all markers present could be accommodated in the Mlink program, in which case the largest number possible, 4 or 5, around each possible disease location was used. All multipoint likelihood calculations assumed absence of interference, and the resulting recombination fraction estimates were converted to map distances by the Kosambi mapping function. The values, x, designate map distances proximal from the XG blood group locus in the region pter-p22.3 on the short arm of the X chromosome where XG is taken to be at map location x = 0. Tests for Heterogeneity. Heterogeneity was allowed for under a model of a mixture of two family types, type 1 with disease location at x1, and type 2 with disease location at x2, Abbreviations: RP, retinitis pigmentosa; XLRP, X chromosomelinked RP; LR, likelihood ratio; cM, centimorgan(s). 701 The publication costs of this article were defrayed in part by page charge payment. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. §1734 solely to indicate this fact. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 87 (1990) Table 1. Marker loci used


Our interest in reflective, multi-paradigm object-oriented development environments (object engines) derives from a current project: implementation of a Smart Object Language (SOL) interpreter. SOL is an instantiation of the Smart Object paradigm, a high-level object conceptualization, conceived originally to model, at a high level of abstraction, a class of intelligent information systems: Operations Support Systems (OSS) [Vais93]. The characteristics of the modeled domain makes OSS difficult to model with conventional tools [Buch91], such as first order logic, or existing frame based simulation environments. In turn, the SOL interpreter is a demanding application to build using conventional object-oriented development tools. We believe the interpreter constitutes an informative use case for the type of development environment (object engine) discussed in prior OOPSLA Object Engine workshops. In this paper we discuss some of the requirements for an object engine that were proposed at the 1994 Object Engine Workshop [Cumm94] from the perspective of our development project. In many instances our domain analyses for the interpreter have been well anticipated by the proposed requirements. In other cases, we indicate the desirability for our purposes for extension or clarification of the concepts, and attempt to demonstrate as well a more general applicability of the extensions we propose. SOL: the Smart Object Language The Smart Object paradigm is an object-oriented conceptualization which we developed to model, at a high level of abstraction, information systems for the support of complex operations environments. Since no previously defined class of information systems (Management Information Systems, DSS, Expert Systems, etc.) addresses the unique requirements of the environment, we coined the term Operations Support Systems (OSS) to describe such systems. A brief description of the paradigm is attached as Appendix 1; it synthesizes concepts from many sources including the KSL reflective object-oriented language referenced at the '94 Workshop [Cumm95][Ibra88]. SOL (Smart Object Language) is an instantiation of the Smart Object paradigm which fuses object-orientation with production system based logic programming. A high level BNF description of SOL is attached as Appendix 2. A SOL model is itself an executable system, given an appropriate interpreter. One of our current projects is the implementation of a SOL interpreter in Smalltalk; in the course of the implementation we have gained insights that we believe will enhance the object engine requirements as determined at the 1994 Object Engine Workshop. Reflective exception handling and Context Objects: A Control Modeling Perspective. One of the principle contributions of the Smart Object paradigm is the modeling of control flows between real-world system elements, especially as they dynamically adapt to environmental exceptions to normal procedures. Changes in work flow routing in a manufacturing operation in response to temporary machine downtime, is a common example of such adaptive behavior. Two of the requirements specified for the object engine in last years workshop, reflective exception handling and context objects, were previously determined by our systems analyses to be required for the meta-modeling of control. If dynamic control flow is to be modeled, that is, if an adaptive system is to be modeled, then control modeling must take place at the meta-level, and this requires reflection. This is so because if a system adapts to unanticipated environmental changes, either through structural change or induction of increased function, the required changes in control flow can not be anticipated and 'hard coded' but must be reflectively 'reasoned through' from general principles, and the current system and environmental status. Our analysis thus confirms two points of consensus reached at the 1994 workshop: reflective exception handling is an important consideration, and some means of determining process context is required to fully implement it. Since nothing was stated in [Cumm94] about the working mechanism of reflective exception handling, a brief description of the mechanism we designed for SOL for that purpose may provide food for thought. There are two separate inference cycles within SOL, one for domain knowledge inferences, and a second for inferences based on control knowledge (defined in a syntactically separate language construct called the Monitor). Execution of a SOL program (model) proceeds much as in a 'standard' partitioned production system, making inferences based on environmental information and domain knowledge, until one of the SOL transfer of control statements is executed. The inference engine intercepts execution of all control statements, then transfers inference execution to the control knowledge portion of the system (the second inference cycle). At that time the domain knowledge becomes inactive for inferencing. The system then examines the request for control transfer in light of control knowledge and current environmental conditions. As the equivalent of the context object defined in the '94 Object Engine Workshop, SOL defines a LIFO stack of control records [Vais95] which is maintained automatically by SOL's control statements, but can be interrogated by production rule statements in the control knowledge section (monitor) of the systems' objects. That is, SOL programmers (who are conceived as being more application domain knowledge experts than systems level programmers) can interrogate the process stack to determine the immediate control flow history, but have no direct access to it. Our systems analyses of the general OSS domain indicate that the structures of SOL, which have isomorphism's within the specifications for the object engine defined at the '94 Workshop, will allow the modeling of even the most dynamic control situations. When the interpreter is finished and is exercised in the construction of actual OSS', analytical expectations can be evaluated in light of empirical findings. Dynamic message resolution at the individual object level One of the object engine requirements discussed but not resolved during last year's workshop was the ability to 'alter the message resolution mechanism on an individual object' [Cumm95]. As described in the immediately prior section, a mechanism for interpreting language statements in context (an equivalent concept to: message resolution), is an integral part of the meta-control modeling mechanism in the Smart Object paradigm. Further, in SOL, the knowledge used in the interpretation of control calls is formally divided into fixed rules, which, by default, are common to all objects in a given system, and variable rules, which are designed to handle exceptions at the level of individual objects. Though SOL is concerned only with intercepting and interpreting language statements which alter control flow, the mechanism it uses is completely general and could easily be extended to the entire language. As such it may be considered as a logical model if not an implementation model for the object engine requirement. Inferencing support in the object engine: provision for generic tasks In the '94 Workshop there was evidence of interest in accommodating rule-based paradigms within the scope of the object engine [Harr94]. From our perspective, we would ideally incorporate into an object engine, mechanisms to efficiently implement virtually all of the inferencing techniques used in AI, including rule-based systems, bulletin board based systems, frame and case based reasoning, etc. As a broad justification for this emphasis, we point to the increasing trend toward 'smarter' systems. Today, imbedded control systems for copiers routinely incorporate expert systems for user problem diagnosis and maintenance; we expect this trend to increase with time. From a more immediate perspective, the accommodation of a variety of inferencing tasks accommodates a 'generic task' approach [Byla87] in which various common inferencing tasks, intended for general reuse, (such as diagnosis, identification, classification, etc.) can each use the most efficient knowledge representation and inferencing mechanism [Kuec94]. Thought the generic task technique originated outside the object oriented programming community, we have found the approach congenial to the spirit of object-oriented analysis, design and programming, and useful across a broad range of systems. Rule based systems the concept of 'worlds' or 'contexts' In the object-oriented production system designed for SOL, we entertain the concept of an active rule set. This is the set of production rules ( Methods in our terminology) which are considered in the next inference cycle. The active rule set is distinct from the conflict set, the set of rules, chosen from the active set, which have their antecedent conditions satisfied during a single inference cycle. (Typically an object maps to a task in a real world system, and the productions rules map to the smaller actions which make up the more general task). The active rule set may be distributed over multiple (but rarely all) objects, and the active set may change with each inference cycle. In this sense it more closely resembles a 'spreading activation' model of cognition than a traditional first order logic system. However an increasing number of first order logic (FOL) systems are incorporating the concepts of 'worlds' [Kauf87] which are functionally equivalent to our active set concept, in that only a portion of the total system rule set participates in logical inferences, as specified by a context. The import of this for an object engine is that a more general context object may be required than specified in the '94 Workshop (which reifies the object as the processing stack). Also, for efficient implementation of worlds (or logical modality of any sort) the uniform change notification mechanism, may need t


In 1886 Meinert described a new centipede from New England which he called Geophilus huronicus. This centipede, characterized at some length and with considerable accuracy in the original description. is peculiar in that it is rather unlike any other known North American member of the genus. Perhaps for that reason, as well as because he had never seen huronicus, Attems placed it in his long roster of questionable New World species.


Three owl monkeys that had been immunized against the Camp strain of Plasmodium falciparum by infection were treated with chloroquine and rechallenged with parasites. Immune serum caused a dose-dependent, time-dependent inhibition of in vitro parasite growth. Heat-inactivation eliminated nonspecific inhibition by normal monkey serum without diminishing immune inhibition. Purified IgG from immune serum inhibited parasite growth. Serum taken immediately before the second challenge did not inhibit growth in vitro at a 1:10 dilution, although the monkeys successfully resisted the in vivo challenge. However, immune sera from all three monkeys taken two to four weeks after in vivo challenges were inhibitory, but sometimes detection required 20% serum. Growth inhibition in vitro by 10% serum was a poor predictor of in vivo protective immunity. Undiluted blood containing higher antibody levels (which are boosted by challenge), combined with additional immune mechanisms, may explain the protection observed in vivo.


Flux switching permanent magnet machines are a strong contender for applications where a high torque-to-weight ratio, power density and efficiency are required. This is the case for potential future applications in aerospace propulsion where an increasing trend to investigate the feasibility of more electrical solutions can be observed. Nevertheless, its doubly salient structure and the nonlinear characteristics of ferromagnetic materials, together with the flux concentration typical of these machines make a quick and proper appraisal of this machine's capabilities or a sizing study for a specific application a nontrivial task. This paper addresses this gap and introduces a very practical and easy approach for solving this problem for FSPM machines based on the accuracy provided by input data from the finite element method (FEM), and taking advantage of the analytical simplicity of magnetic equivalent circuit (MEC) models.


Space has two kinds: physical space and epistemic space. We can say that the city of a capitalistic society is characterized by the space division of bisecting the forms of power. French philosopher Michel de Certeau explains 'place' and 'space' as different terms. He says that 'place' is the order system existing prior to everyday practice and has a 'map'-like objective meaning whereas 'space' is the form that the place is converted into through everyday practice and what is appropriated by the subject in diverse ways just like a 'tour". Although before urban modernization, the form of residential space employed the horizontal structure as its major spatial composition centering around the space of Anbang (the main room), the cities of the 1960's started to build the complex forms of vertical space such as buildings in the outside space and stories in the inside space. The auteuristic directors of the time used the space of the complex grid form with verticality and horizontality and projected desire for class and power into their works through diverse experiments based on the image that the space had. Under the capitalistic modernization as well as patriarchy they should accept unavoidably, women were bound to have the lower class regardless of their intention. The auteuristic directors like Kim Gi-young or Lee Man-hee who worked actively in the 1960's did experiments on the story of the social class through the composition of space with the objet of stairs symbolizing the system of class and power present in human lives though unseen.


If we study the character,"囧",with Idealized Cognitive Models and the principle of Iconicity,we find that the popularization of "" shows the similarity between its language form and meaning.Since the Idealized Cognitive Models changed,the category members' positions also changed.As a result,the character,"囧",which used to be neglected,has now become typical,i.e.its original form.In the meanwhile,either the ancient or the modern meaning of the character,can clearly show the similarity between language form and meaning.


[1,9-14C]Homospermidine (12) was synthesized and fed to Senecio isatideus plants. The 14C radioactivity was located predominantly in the base [retronecine (2)] portion of the alkaloid. Degradation of the retronecine showed that 43–44% of the radioactivity was at C-9 and 2–4% was at C-(5 + 6 + 7). In a complementary experiment, [4,6-14C]homospermidine (15) was prepared and fed to S. isatideus plants. The 14C radioactivity was again located mainly in retronecine (2). Degradation of retronecine demonstrated that 1–4% of the radioactivity was at C-9 and 45–47% was at C-(5 + 6 + 7). Homospermidine is therefore incorporated without significant breakdown into retronecine. Homospermidine was also shown to be present in S. isatideus plants by an intermediate trapping experiment.


I Had several times heard of strange Beans was thrown up by the Sea on the Islands, on the North-west parts of Scotland, especially those of them who are most exposed to the Waves of the great Ocean; they are thrown up pretty frequently in great Numbers, and are no otherwise regarded then as they serve to make Snuff-Boxes.


In order to quantitatively analyze and compare the change of ecosystem services caused by land use change,the economic value of ecosystem services in 17 administrative districts in Dongting Lake Area was estimated with the table of equivalent weight factor of economic value of ecosystem services of China,and the economic value of food production per hectare was supplied by cropland ecosystem and on the basis of Chinese resource and environment spatial-temporal database land use situation at the end of 1970's,1980's and 1990's extracted by analyzing three-period TM data.During 20 years the change of the ecosystem services value was calculated and compared,and the area differentiation was measured by coefficient of variation.At last,the causes of the change were discussed.The result shows that the land use change is different among 17 administrative districts and the total value of ecosystem services was up to 93.4 billion yuan at the end of 1990's,but the larger coefficient of variance indicates that the difference among 17 administrative districts is obvious.On the whole,the ecosystem services value in East Dongting Lake is much larger than that in West Dongting Lake.In the past two decades the difference of the ecosystem services value among 17 administrative districts changed very largely.In all administrative districts the change in Huarong is the most,which was more than 200 million yuan,and the least was Jinshi which was 12 million yuan.


enzyme that inhibits protein synthesis whenactivated bydoublestranded RNA.We showherethatwhenexpressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, thep68kinase produced a growthsuppressing phenotype resulting froman inhibition ofpolypeptide chain initiation consistent with functional protein kinase activity. Thisslowgrowth phenotype wasreverted inyeastbytwodifferent mechanisms: expression ofthep68kinase N-terminus, showntobinddouble-stranded RNA invitro and expression ofamutant formofthect-subunit ofyeast initiation factor 2,altered atasingle phosphorylatable site. These results provide thefirst direct invivo evidence thatthep68kinase interacts withthea-subunit of eukaryotic initiation factor 2.Sequence similarity with ayeast translational regulator, GCN2,further suggests that this enzyme maybeafunctional homolog inhigher eukaryotes, whereitsnormalfunction istoregulate proteinsynthesis throughinitiation factor2 phosphorylation.


An endoscope having a hollow outer sheath configured for insertion into the body of a patient is disclosed. Hollow inner sheath is capable accepted within the outer sheath, and a first internal instrument so slidably received accommodate. Working element is rotatably supported at least a first internal instrument and a second internal device, thus at least a first internal instrument and the second internal instrument, the outer sheath longitudinal axis substantially the same spread can be configured so as to be rotatable about a common axis of rotation with. Work element may have at least one guide rail extending from the rotational axis in the longitudinal direction, the actuator block, inside the instrument can be mounted slidably on at least one guide rail, and the outer sheath in the longitudinal direction it can be fixable to at least one instrument to be able to move at least one of.


Effect of the interaction between dots on the single quantum dot exciton dephasing process is studied by measuring the auto-correlated function of the exciton photoluminescence. The long-term interaction is suggested to result in emission broadening.


Food. A provocative title in its simplicity, but by no means does Clapp provide a simple story of the forces that shape the world food economy and contribute to current food crises. Clapp establishes a framework of four basic forces that mediate the relationships between the usual story lines of supply and demand: the state-led globalization of the industrial food market, the politics behind the uneven agricultural trade rules and trade liberalization, the powerful transnational corporations (TNCs) that take advantage of newly created spaces, and the "financialization" of food. Clapp provides evidence of the magnitude and importance of these forces by pulling together several research traditions to tell a more complete story. As a result, this book sits at the intersection of historical agricultural policy and influence of the state, the political economy of the agrifood system, and the globalization of the financial system. Research on the economic spaces of agriculture and production has waxed and waned over the past few decades. Lately, economic spaces of food and of consumption seem to be more in vogue. Economic spaces of the financial system have occupied a wholly different space outside research on food and agriculture. By pulling these areas of research together, Clapp demonstrates how these geographies overlap and reinforce one another. The resultant spaces, enabled by the state and governed by TNCs, establish the norms that the agrifood system functions by today. In Chapter 1, Clapp provides the full framing of the book, which essentially is built on the four major forces mentioned earlier. The subsequent four chapters flesh out each of these influences, with every chapter building on the one before and reinforcing the framework. In Chapter 2, Clapp explains how historical protective agricultural policies enabled the current political economy of the agrifood system. These same protectionist policies promoted the adoption of the industrial model of production. Through the collaboration of governments, international development agencies, and private foundations, surpluses, resulting from industrial production in wealthy countries, were dumped to reduce storage costs and to establish new markets—creating the dependence of poorer countries on wealthier ones. Taking this dependence one step further, Clapp explains in Chapter 3 how development assistance to poorer countries was tied to the adoption of the industrial model and trade liberalization—strengthening the position of powerful, wealthy countries and firms in these countries that they already enjoyed. As poorer countries' market doors were thrown open and wealthier countries continued price supports, poorer countries became net importers of agricultural products. Chapter 4 addresses how agri-related TNCs horizontally and vertically integrated and concentrated to support the expanding industrial production of the agrifood system and its need for inputs, processing facilities, and distribution infrastructure. These TNCs rose in power and took a seat at the international policy table, made rules, and dictated new ways to introduce value-added opportunities. Chapter 5 describes how the latest valueadded products are found by firmly integrating food commodities into the financial system. Further expanding their roles, TNCs now straddle both the food and financial systems. This last move has increased the distance between growers and eaters and opened up the food sector to greater volatility and vulnerability in world markets. Clapp concludes in Chapter 6 by exploring the question of whether change in the agrifood system should come from within the current system or outside the constructed global 195 BO O K R EV EW


The Orbiting Carbon Observatory (OCO) mission is NASA's first dedicated mission to measure the CO2 concentration in the Earth's atmosphere with the precision, resolution, and coverage needed to characterize CO2 sources and sinks on regional scales. OCO is scheduled for launch in February 2009 and it will fly in a 1:30 PM sun-synchronous orbit with a 16-day ground-track repeat time, just ahead of the EOS Aqua platform. The observatory will carry a single instrument that incorporates three bore-sighted high-resolution spectrometers designed to measure reflected sunlight in the 0.76-micron O2 A-band and in the CO2 bands at 1.61 and 2.06 microns. The first OCO spectra are expected to become available after the initial on-orbit checkout period of 37-90 days after launch and calibrated OCO spectra will be delivered to the data archive 6 months later. Here, we will first give a description of the OCO full-physics retrieval algorithm which has been developed to retrieve the column-averaged CO2 dry air mole fraction, XCO2, from a simultaneous fit to the OCO spectra using the optimal estimation method and then present a characterization of its precision and accuracy based on end-to-end retrieval simulations. To this end, we have applied the full physics algorithm to spectra that have been simulated for the nadir and glint observational modes of OCO using the OCO forward model for a large range of realistic geophysical conditions, in particular for thin water and ice clouds. These retrieval simulations show that the algorithm performs well under most conditions with a single-sounding precision of typically less than 1 ppm. Aerosol and thin cirrus clouds have the potential to introduce small biases in retrieved XCO2 and a careful validation will be necessaryto ensure the accuracy goals of OCO.


Radioiodine ( 131 I) is one of the radionuclides likely to get released into the atmosphere in case of a reactor accident, though chances of such an accident are very remote due to stringent engineering safety features. If released to the environment during an accident, 131 I may enter the grass→cow→cow milk pathway, leading to increased thyroid dose to those consuming milk, especially infants and children. The estimation of site-specific grass to milk transfer coefficient (F m ) for iodine is essential for an accurate assessment of the radiological hazard to the population in the region surrounding a nuclear power plant. In this study, a method based on the chemical separation of iodine present in grass and cow milk, and subsequent neutron activation analysis (NAA) has been optimized for the determination of stable iodine concentration in grass and cow milk. The method involves preconcentration of iodine from the sample matrix, and determination of iodine by NAA. The detection limit of stable iodine in milk was found to be 1 ng/mL. For the validation of the result, iodine concentration in NIST reference materials was determined simultaneously. The present study has yielded a F m value of 5.6 × 10−3 d/L for dairy farm cows and 6.3 × 10−3 d/L for local breed cows under equilibrium conditions. These results are similar to the values given in International Atomic Energy Agency report (TRS-472). To simulate a rapid deposition of iodine on grass and for the estimation of F m value for an emergency situation, grass grown in the experimental field was sprayed with stable potassium iodide solution and fed to the adopted cows, and the milk samples were collected regularly and analyzed. The F m value for the simulated accidental situation was found to be 3.9 × 10−3 d/L.


Cooperative Intelligent Transport Systems (C-ITS) is a subset of ITS which involves communicating and sharing information between ITS-stations. These ITS-stations comprise personal devices, vehicles, the roadside infrastructure and the back-office. The objective of C-ITS is `... to give advice or facilitate actions to improving safety, sustainability, efficiency and comfort beyond the scope of stand-alone systems'. C-ITS is also known as `connected vehicles' and require a substantial value chain to deliver the services and include vehicle manufacturers, in-vehicle product developers, electronics companies, app developers and mobile network operators.


Introducing oxygen vacancies into metal oxides is a promising strategy to promote their catalytic activity, which has been extensively studied in heterogeneous catalysis. Herein, transition metal (...


1It may be the only serum marker of acute hepatitis B infection during the so-called "window phase" between disappearance of HBsAg and appearance of HBsAb. It may also represent a remote resolved infection with the decline of HBsAb to undetectable levels or ongoing chronic infection with HBsAg that is escaping detection, either because of low levels of HBsAg or because of mutations in the protein that render it undetectable using certain diagnostic assays. It rarely represents a false-positive test. Acute hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is often recognized by its clinical presentation, and repeat testing after several weeks will generally detect the appearance of HBsAb. The other clinical possibilities are not easily distinguished on routine serological testing but may have important consequences, particularly in situations of chronic infection with no detection of HBsAg. Cost efficacy considerations led to a recent change in the routine heptatitis B screening algorithm at the Sir Mortimer B. Davis–Jewish General Hospital, a tertiary care, 637-bed teaching hospital in Montreal. Patients are now evaluated initially with serum HBcAb testing. A negative HBcAb test result is reported as HBV-negative, and a positive result is followed by testing for HBsAg and, if this result is negative, HBsAb. HBsAg-positive sera are tested for hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) and hepatitis B e antibody (HBeAb). Between June 1999 and March 2000, 4121 individual patients who were not pregnant were screened for HBV using HBcAb as the initial test. Of these, 3273 patients tested negative (79%), and 848 patients tested positive (21%) for HBcAb. Because there was an insufficient number of samples, 24 HBcAb-positive patients were excluded from further testing. Of the remaining 824 patients, 175 (21%) tested positive for HBsAg and 649 (79%) tested negative. The 649 HBsAg-negative patients were tested for HBsAb. Of these, 446 (69%) had a titre of more than 10 IU (positive), 81 patients (12%) had a titre of less than 1 IU (negative) and 122 patients (19%) had a value ranging between 1.0 and 10 IU (low level). Therefore, 81 (2.0%) of 4121 patients screened during this 10-month period had HBcAb as the only positive marker of infection. Among HBcAb-positive patients, at least 81 (10%) of 848 had both undetectable HBsAg and HBsAb. Isolated HBcAb has been reported in up to 20% of patients tested. 2–6


Goldfish (Carassius auratus), a popular ornamental fish, is often affected by external parasites such as Gyrodactylus sp. and Dactylogyrus sp. The effects of Indian almond leaf (IAL) extract on the elimination of these parasites were investigated. The highest applied concentration of IAL (5.1 g/l of water) was the most effective, completely eliminating all parasites after 2 weeks of treatment without adverse side effects. A concentration of 3.4 g/l eliminated all Dactylogyrus sp. and virtually all Gyrodactylus sp. after 3 weeks of treatment, whereas some parasites still persisted after 4 weeks of treatment with 1.7 g/l. No significant reduction of parasites occurred in the control group without treatment. Schlüsselwörter: Goldfisch, indischer Mandelbaum, Terminalia catappa, Gyrodactylus sp., Dactylogyrus sp.


For quantifying vocal load over extended periods of time in real-life situations, the best adapted tools are voice dosimeters or voice accumulators. Such devices measure the frequency (F0), the intensity (SPL) and the duration of speech occurrences, generally using an accelerometer attached to the base of the neck. Growing attention has been focused on evaluating patterns of vocal behavior because vocal load is considered to play a major role in the etiology of many common voice disorders; long-term ambulatory monitoring allows for the characterization of these patterns and provides data on what constitutes a normal level of daily voice use [1].


This paper proposes a frame work for embedded system management. The management system can automatically monitor and maintain the Internet connected embedded-systems such as sensor devices, set-top box, web-pad, information appliances, PDA, etc. Users can easily diagnose system state, resolve system problems, maintain and update applications, and back up user information using the management system. We implement prototype for the management system on embedded Linux system and High -available Linux system.


Summary. 117 students taking ONC courses were tested using the Eysenck Personality Inventory and the Brown-Holtzman Survey of Study Habits and Attitudes. The relationships between the sub-scores on these scales and examination performance at the end of the first or second year of study were investigated. Stable introverts were found to have the best study attitudes, though their examination results were not significantly better than those of the extraverts. All the sub-scales of the SSHA were significantly related to academic performance, but they showed contrasting patterns of relationships with the personality dimensions.


Atherosclerosis Is A Complex Multifocal Arterial Disease Involving Interactions Of Multiple Genetic And Environmental Factors. Advances In Techniques Of Molecular Genetics Have Revealed That Genetic Polymorphisms Significantly Influence Susceptibility To Atherosclerotic Vascular Diseases. A Large Number Of Candidate Genes, Genetic Polymorphisms And Susceptibility Loci Associated With Atherosclerotic Diseases Have Been Identified In Recent Years And Their Number Is Rapidly Increasing [1]. Genetic Studies Have Suggested That Klotho Gene Polymorphism And Vitamin K-epoxide Reductase Complex Subunit 1 Gene, Vkorc 1 Might Be Associated With Vascular Atherosclerosis And Calcification. In This Review We Focus On Klotho And Vkorc 1 Gene Polymorphisms And Their Potential Role In The Physiopathology Of Atherosclerosis. Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */
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The dock congestion has been becoming increasingly outstanding problem in a regional hub port,which results in the accessorial operational cost,especially for a feeder line shipping company.To reduce the waiting times in the hub and lower the operational cost,some feeder line container transportation companies try to set bulk barges,close to the hub port,as floating container terminal to berth smaller containerships.This paper proposes the coordinated optimization on berthing containerships between the main dock and pontoon in a regional hub port,from a viewpoint of a feeder line shipping company.A coordinated berthing decision optimization model is proposed based on berth allocation problem and a modified genetic algorithm is developed.The simulation tests quantitatively analyzes the countermeasure against dock congestion and shows its effectiveness.


In order to provide customized services for the future sixth-generation (6G) mass business, we propose a two-timescale intelligent radio access network (RAN) slicing scheme under the architecture of cell-free distributed massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems. Cell-free distributed massive MIMO systems have powerful macro diversity gain and multi-user interference suppression capabilities to improve the performance of different slices, and are more flexible in terms of service types based on network slicing. In the proposed scheme, we utilize the long-term and short-term trends of network to achieve adaptive resource allocation at different timescales, so as to utilize resources more effectively and meet performance requirements in parallel. Moreover, multi-connectivity is utilized to improve link reliability and further improve system performance, and user clustering reduces the impact of pilot contamination on system performance. In order to implement the RAN control strategy effectively, an efficient two-level deep reinforcement learning framework is proposed and the multi-agent reinforcement learning algorithm is used to realize efficient network resource interaction in multi-device scenarios. Simulation results further verify the effectiveness of the proposed intelligent RAN slicing scheme.


Gradient elution is almost unavoidable in conventional reversed phase liquid chromatography and rapidly is increasing its popularity in ion chromatography. Implementation of gradient elution implies finding the suitable gradient program, which is usually, numerically speaking, extremely complex due to the fact that number of gradient programs that can be implemented is virtually unlimited. Thus, sequential searching methodology might offers reasonable solution if properly modified and implemented in global optimization routine. This work focused on development of simplex based methodology for gradient elution optimization in ion chromatography. For this purpose, an empirical or mechanistic model, able to predict the isocratic retention time is developed using less than ten consecutive isocratic runs. Gradient retention times are predicted on the basis of isocratic model using numerical integration procedure and providing model able to predict virtually unlimited number of gradient profiles. The simplex based routine was developed in order to search the optimization hyperplane. Different experimental design methodologies were implemented enabling selection of different set of initial experimental data. Developed procedure incorporates possibility of number of gradient segments selection. Different chromatography objective functions were used and compared in combination with previously commented parameters. Obtained results clearly show that developed methodology offers advanced methodology for gradient elution optimization in ion chromatography.


uniform this growth models to detailed class-attendance school students' unexcused absences grow steadily throughout a school year and over grades, while the growth of excused absences remain essentially unchanged. students starting the school year with a high number of unexcused absences, and and low-income students accumulate unexcused absences at a significantly faster rate than their counterparts. Lastly, students with higher growth rates in unexcused absences consistently report lower perceptions of all aspects of school culture than their peers. Interventions targeting unexcused absences and/or improving school culture can be crucial to mitigating disengagement. Abstract: Student absenteeism is often conceptualized and quantified in a static, uniform manner, providing an incomplete understanding of this important phenomenon. Applying growth curve models to detailed class-attendance data, we document that secondary school students' unexcused absences grow steadily throughout a school year and over grades, while the growth of excused absences remain essentially unchanged. Importantly, students starting the school year with a high number of unexcused absences, Black and Hispanic students, and low-income students accumulate unexcused absences at a significantly faster rate than their counterparts. Lastly, students with higher growth rates in unexcused absences consistently report lower perceptions of all aspects of school culture than their peers. targeting unexcused absences and/or improving school culture can be crucial to mitigating disengagement.


Meristems (length 100, 200, 300 µm) were excised from infected Potato plants of Binella and Burren cultivars an d cultured on solidied MS medium containing 30 g l �1 sucrose, 5 mg l �1 Ascorbic acid, 5 mg l �1 Pyridoxine, 5 mg l �1 Nicotinic acid, 5 mg l �1 �iamine, 200 mg l �1 Inositole, 2 mg l �1 GA3, and 0.2 mg l �1 kinetin. Virus status of in vitro plantlets was determined by double antibody sandwich enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA). Results showed that the highest rate of virus-free pl ants was obtained by using explants 100 µm in length. �e rate of PVY elimination was improved aer treatment by thermotherapy at approximately 37±1°C for 40 days, (81%) in Binella and (75%) in Burren. Chemotherapy was undertaken with (10-20-30) mg l �1 of ribavirin (RBV), �e highest percentage of virus free plantlets 87% in Binella and 82% in Burren were obtained from the ribavirin's concentration (20 mg l �1 ) combined with meristem- tips (100 µm) in length. Severe growth abnormalities were observed on medium containing high concentration of RBV (30 mg l �1 ). Finally, the highest percentage virus free plantlets of PVY (93% in Binella and 87% in Burren) were obtained from meristem-tips 100 µm in length excised aer electric treatments (15 mA/10 min).


Boghossian (1996) has put forward an interesting explanation of how we can acquire logical knowledge via implicit definitions that makes use of a special template. Ebert (2005) has argued that the template is unserviceable, as it doesn't transmit warrant. In this paper, we defend the template. We first suggest that Jenkins (2008)'s response to Ebert fails because it focuses on doxastic rather than propositional warrant. Then, we reject Ebert's objection by showing that it depends on an implausible and incoherent assumption.


Disclosed are a security inspection terminal device, a security inspection network system and a security inspection data transmission method, which relate to the field of security inspection. The method comprises: a first security inspection terminal device searching for a second security inspection terminal device which can be accessed; the first security inspection terminal device establishing a connection with the second security inspection terminal device which can be accessed; and the first security inspection terminal device transmitting service data based on the established connection. The present invention proposes a decentralized security inspection network solution, in which by extending functions of security inspection terminal devices, the capability of intercommunication is granted between the security inspection terminal devices, thereby increasing more fault-tolerant capabilities, and improving the stability and reliability of the system.


Extant literature suggests that burnout is one of the major factors contributing to declining teacher productivity. Studies have exposed a prevalence of burnout among the teaching fraternity, with administrators recording higher levels of burnout. This research study investigated the association that exists between internal communication and teacher burnout, among public high school administrators employed by the Teachers Service Commission (TSC) in Kakamega County as the target population. The research questions were: a) What is the perceived effectiveness of the internal communication in place based on official channels used by TSC to communicate with the administrators? b) What are the administrator burnout levels in select public high schools in the county? and, c) What is the association between internal communication and teacher burnout among the select public high school administrators? The study which utilized a correlation research design, revealed that all the respondents experienced burnout. The findings further established that there was a weak negative correlation of -.231 between internal communication and corporate burnout, with a statistical significance level of 0.016. This suggests a statistically significant relationship between internal communication and burnout characterized by a weak negative correlation. The study recommends that institutions endeavour to ascertain their employees' communication interests in order to establish their internal communication system. Similar studies should be conducted in the different Kenyan counties so as to make comparisons as well as among administrators in private and international schools in Kenya, to provide more insight into the association between internal communication and teacher burnout.


From the Publisher:
Get to know VB6 inside and outDesign and implement powerful enterprise applications with today's #1 visual programming tool. Visual Basic 6: The Complete Reference by Noel Jerke is your definitive resource for every VB feature - from ActiveX Data Objects to Internet programming. You'll reduce the amount of time and code it takes to create mission-critical intranet and Internet applications with expert advice on new features including the optimized native-code compiler,Dynamic HTML,and WebClass designer. Plus you get a bonus CD-ROM that contains all source code and an e-commerce shopping basket. In short order,you'll be able to: *Navigate the Visual Basic Integrated Development Environment (IDE) *Create powerful,reusable data access components for use across multiple projects *Build leading-edge Internet applications with the new DHTML and IIS technology *Manage relational databases with new VB6 features *Build and deploy ActiveX controls and documents *Master Win32 API programming and N-tier client/server design

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Leonardo Nhantumbo 6 Abstract Research studies using a biocultural approach to physical fitness (PF) in rural African population are scarce. The aims of the present study were (1) to describe the variability in somatic growth, fitness, physical activity, nutritional status (NS) and health parameters in rural children and adolescents from Mozambique; (2) to establish the interaction between chronological age, gender, body size, activity levels and socio geographic area on fitness variability; (3) to examine the relationship between fitness, physical activity, nutritional status and health parameters and age and gender and (4) to interpret somatic values and fitness levels relative to international norms of reference. The sample was composed of 845 subjects (458 boys; 387 girls) aged 6 to 17. Height and weight were measured according to the standards described by Lohman et al., (1988). Fitness was assessed using the following protocols: AAHPERD (1980) for cardiorespiratory endurance, EUROFIT (1988) for flexibility, lower limb explosive power, speed, arm muscular endurance and handgrip, and FITNESSGRAM for abdominal endurance. PA was assessed by a questionnaire conceptualized and validated for the Mozambican school-aged population (Prista et al, 2000) and by acellerometry using CSA in a subsample. Classification of NS was carried out according to criteria established by the WHO Expert Committee (WHO, 1995). Parasites and imunonohematological parameters were determined by standard laboratory protocols from blood, urine and fezes samples. For statistical analysis, ANOVA, ANCOVA, Qui Squared and Bonferroni tests were used. Height and weight values were significant lower than international norms of reference. Malnutrition prevalences for boys and girls respectively, were: stunted: 24.2% and 21.3%; wasted: 11.4% and 7.0%; stunted and wasted: 7.1% and 4.2%; overweight: 1.6% e 2.5%. There was no significant association between nutritional status and motor performance, activity levels and parasite prevalence. With the exception of lower haemoglobin and haematocrit concentrations found in girls with wasting, none of the imunohematological parameters differed significantly between nutritional groups. Fitness performance increased across age, in both sexes, and was higher in boys relative to girls. Age-sex interaction was observed for the majority of the somatic and fitness variables. Levels of PA were higher in girls than boys and in older than younger age groups. The main conclusions are: (1) a sexual dimorphism and an age effect on fitness, with an advantage for boys at older ages, but higher levels of PA for girls, partially explained by cultural factors; (2) environmental pressure on somatic growth and nutritional status, which impaired normal growth; (3) different patterns of fitness and physical activity across age and sex compared to urban and developed areas, which seems to be related to survival needs and culture; (4) higher performance relative to their peers from industrialized countries, particularly in cardiorespiratory endurance and flexibility, which is related to activity patterns and somatic characteristics.


Highly nutritional fish meat for foodstuffs (HNFM) containing 0, 2, 5, 8, and 10% sorbitol was prepared from fresh sardine and stored at -10, -20, -30, and -50°C for eight months. Then, changes in the gel-forming ability of HNFM and in the intensity of the odor during frozen storage were investigated. During frozen storage at a temperature below -20°C for eight months, no significant change occurred in the gel-forming ability of HNFM whose sorbitol content was 5-10%. It was found that the freeze denaturation of myofibrillar protein in such HNFM was suppressed effectively. Moreover, the quantity of volatile compounds produced in HNFM and the intensity of the odor were little changed under frozen conditions.


Resonant tunneling logic gate MOBILE (Monostable-Bistable Transition Logic Element) is a high-speed logic gate exploiting the negative differential resistance of resonant tunneling diodes (RTDs). In this paper, we propose a novel variation of the MOBILE, called a Symmetric MOBILE (SMOBILE), which is promising for ultrahigh frequency operation, since it can operate at double-clock rate. 100 GHz operation of the SMOBILE is demonstrated with complementary 50 GHz clocks for circuits fabricated on InP substrates.


IEEE 802.11 Wireless LANs are widely adopted. The IEEE 802.11e, a task group for QoS support, defines 2 working modes: EDCA for distributed access and HCCA for centralized control. Real-time application such as voice and video are targeted application for HCCA. However, the original standard itself still provide limited QoS supports. In this paper, the simple queue management and admission control, called PHCCA, have been proposed and analyzed. The proposed mechanism can provide priority based QoS with starvation protection for the less priority queue. The results reveal that the proposed PHCCA significantly outperforms the regular HCCA. The PHCCA can accept more session for high priority class while the other lower classes still got served with high acceptance.


Positive and negative quadratic forms are well known and widely used. They are multivariate homogeneous polynomials of degree two taking positive or negative values respectively for any values of their arguments not all zero. In the present paper a certain higher degree polynomial is associated with each quadratic form such that the form is definite if and only if this polynomial is sign-definite.


The expression of insulin-like growth factor-II (IGF-II) has been observed previously in many human cancers. The human IGF-II P3 promoter has been shown by others to give rise to abundant 6.0 kb and 2.2 kb fetal transcripts which are expressed in a variety of both paediatric and adult tumours. In order to determine the mechanism by which the P3 promoter is controlled, the promoter was analysed in cell lines using chlor-INTRODUCTION


We investigate the $\phi$ meson nuclear transparency using some recent theoretical developments on the $\phi$ in medium self-energy. The inclusion of direct resonant $\phi N$-scattering and the kaon decay mechanisms leads to a $\phi$ width much larger than in most previous theoretical approaches. The model has been confronted with photoproduction data from CLAS and LEPS and the recent proton induced $\phi$ production from COSY finding an overall good agreement. The results support the need of a quite large direct $\phi N$-scattering contribution to the self-energy.


A ship's mast with flags attached stands anchored to the ground in a cleared area near the centre of a number of Yolngu (Aboriginal) communities in north-east Arnhem Land. The mast is, I argue, the most significant and enduring legacy of contact with Macassanl trepangers from Sulawesi, who ventured onto the northern Australian coast from at least 1700 until the early years of this century. Drawing on Taussig's ( 1993) text 'Mimesis and Alterity,' and more recently Merlan's (1998) examination of the mimetic quality of the Aboriginal social agenda, I discuss the ways in which lessons from the Arnhem Land mast are of political import for contemporary Arnhem Landers pursuing self-determination. I also examine the proposition that the revelation of sacred Dreaming law by Aborigines, in particular those narratives incorporating representations of non-Aborigines, is a strategy being pursued by Yolngu in order to advance the reconciliation process in Australia.


L-Tryptophan is an essential amino acid and the least abundant amino acid in humans. An understanding of the metabolism of L-tryptophan is therefore physiologically important. The enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxgyenase (IDO) catalyses the first, and rate limiting, step in the major pathway of tryptophan metabolism, the kynurenine pathway. The physiological role of IDO is not fully understood, but is of great interest because IDO is a widely distributed enzyme in humans and can alter the levels of tryptophan, which is vital for cell growth. Induction of IDO may therefore have a protective role in bacterial, viral and protozoan infections. Additionally, tryptophan metabolism via the kynurenine pathway produces a number of compounds that are neurotoxic and have been implicated in neurodegenerative disease. Products of this pathway have also been shown to be involved in lens aging and possibly age-related cataract formation. Although implicated in a number of disease processes, the exact function of IDO is poorly understood. The elucidation of the structure of this important human enzyme will assist in determining its function in the body. Structural analysis will aid the design of specific inhibitors that may contribute to the understanding of the pathophysiology or provide treatment leads for the diseases in which the kynurenine pathway has been implicated. Human IDO can be isolated from tissues such as the placenta, but only in small quantities. Thus a reliable and efficient source of functional IDO was required to provide sufficient protein for structural analysis. This study details the development of a recombinant expression system for human IDO. The expression construct, Escherichia coli EC538 (pREP4, pQE9-IDO) produced a full-length human IDO


Oxide semiconductors are of particular interest in the field of integrated electronics due to their large-area fabrication, high uniformity, and superior performance. Here, we report an exceptionally sensitive photo-induced inverter device with high linearity based on the unipolar n-type channel material amorphous silicon indium zinc oxide (a-SIZO). The field-effect transistor (FET) based on a-SIZO exhibits maximum mobility of 9.8 cm2/Vs at <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{V}_{\mathrm{ D}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> of 5 V, high on/off ratio of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\sim 10^{6}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, and stable threshold voltage (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{V}_{\mathrm{ Th}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) of −0.35 V. Additionally, the optical properties of the proposed FET include excellent <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{V}_{\mathrm{ Th}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> shift and photocurrent (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{I}_{\mathrm{ photo}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) with high linearity under various red-light illumination. The proposed enhancement-load type inverter device shows reliable electrical and optical characteristics with an inverter gain of 0.7 at <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{V}_{\mathrm{ DD}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> of 1 V and linear photo-response in terms of inverter gain and voltage shift, demonstrating promising potential in the field of integrated electronics for optoelectronic applications.


The article discusses the specific features of the Uzbek folk legends, the composition of poetic-compositional characters, motifs and motifs. The Uzbek national legends are the cultural heritage of our nation. The world of legends as one of art systems includes the most ancient traditions of our ancestors. Legends as the most ancient, unique and one of independent genres of oral national creativity, keeping in themselves centuries-old folklore traditions of our people, give to young generation authentic data on a way of life, history, sights outlook of ancestors of the Uzbek people. They become the source of rendering strong art-aesthetic and spiritually - social influence on modern young generation. The poetic peculiarities of the Uzbek legends are illuminated in this paper. Keywords:  Uzbek folklore, myth, poetic character, composition, motivation, image, narration, fairy tale, epic genre.


In this paper, a millimeter wave vertical transition with ultra wideband filtering function is presented. Compared with the traditional vertical transition, it not only has the vertical transition function, but also has ultra wideband millimeter wave filtering function. The simulated result shows that the proposed vertical transition has a good performance. The insertion loss in the center frequency of 37.465GHz is 1.12dB and 3dB bandwidth is from 28.14GHz to 46.79GHz. Its bandwidth is about 18.65GHz and fractional bandwidth is about 49.78%. This plane size is 20×15mm2. In addition, the substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) cavity is used as vertical transition unit and resonant unit. It also utilizes two folded SIW cavities to reduce the size of vertical transition. Comparing with the plane SIW cavity, this design has smaller size, better performance in achieving the same bandwidth filter, it is conducive to for 3D multichip module (3D-MCM) application.


Prior studies argue that the board and management of a firm should maximize shareholder value. Also, there is evidence that compensation levels are linked to firm performance as well as monitoring, in other words, the composition of the board influence compensation. We document no correlation between CEO compensation and firm performance for a sample of Swedish companies listed on the Stockholm Stock Exchange (SSE) over the sample period 1999 to 2008. However, the Industry firms might pay the CEO for performance. Also, stock ownership influence compensation levels; when the five largest shareholders increase their holdings, CEO compensation levels decrease. We interpret this finding as that monitoring is important and the agency costs can be reduced by higher holdings by institutional investors.


In experiments on mice, the level of expression of antiviral-response-mediating proteins was studied in peritoneal macrophages, in reaction to the intraperitoneal administration of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Dose (0.5 and 1.5 mg/kg) and time (5 and 24 hours) dependencies of the eff ect of dsRNA on the activity of genes encoding Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3), IFN-alpha, IFN-beta, 2',5'-oligoadenylatesynthetase (OAS) and proteinkinase R were determined. The obtained results indicate the increase in the level of transcriptional activity in the cells, most pronounced for TLR3, IFN-alpha and OAS genes. The maximum effect was observed 5 hours after the administration of dsRNA in the effective antiviral dose (0.5 mg / kg).


The present invention provides a method for improving the systemic inflammation in a patient, a therapeutically effective dose of a composition comprising polystyrene divinyl benzene copolymer and polyvinyl pyrrolidone polymer which method comprises administering to the patient. More specifically, the method, these polymers relates to the use as enteric sorbent preparation to remove inflammatory mediators such cytokines from intestinal lumen. The polymer may be in the form of a polystyrene-divinylbenzene copolymer beads formulation having a biocompatible polyvinyl pyrrolidone polymer coating. .FIELD 1


[Extract] This chapter discusses the marketing of tropical rainforest cabinet timbers, particularly in relation to small to medium sized cabinet-making firms. While this analysis is set in context of Queensland firms and Australian rainforest and eucalypt species, many of the principles can be applied to other tropical species. Price only becomes important when it cannot be passed on to the purchaser. Australian rainforest cabinet timbers are highly regarded by both cabinet-makers and the general public; however, their use is restricted by actual and perceived availability. Queensland maple, red cedar and northern silky oak are the rainforest species most highly recommended by cabinet-makers for planting to satisfy their future timber requirements.


Software configuration management is an important support activity in the software development process. In global environments, the software configuration becomes critical due to the characteristics of the distributed development (physical distance, cultural differences, trust, communication and other factors). The objective of this paper is to analyze the software configuration management in a global software development environment, identifying the main challenges. The results are based on a case study carried on at a multinational organization that has offshore software development centers in Brazil, India and Russia, and was recently recognized in the CMM Model level 2 in the Brazilian unit. The results suggest the necessity to adapt and implement some activities in the software configuration management process addressing the main existing challenges. These activities were identified as lessons learned, collected at the end of each project. The problems and the solutions adopted are presented, aiming to relate these solutions to the organization distribution level, considering the project team, users and customers.


Motivated by inter-regional disparities condition that occurs persistently, this study examines the Indonesian economy in the long run in order to know whether it tends to converge or diverge. This convergence is based on the Solow Neoclassical growth theory assuming the existence of diminishing returns to capital so that when the developed countries reach steady state conditions, developing countries will continuously grow up to 'catch-up' with developed countries. Based on regional economics perspective, each region can not be treated as a stand-alone unit,therefore, this study also focuses on the influence of spatial dependency and infrastructure. Economical and political situations of a region will influence policy in that region which will also have an impact to the neighboring regions. The estimation results of spatial cross-regressive model using fixed effect method consistently confirmed that the Indonesian economy in the long term will likely converge with a speed of 8.08 percent per year. Other findings are road infrastructure has a positive effect on economic growth and investment and road infrastructure are spatially showed a positive effect on economic growth. In other words, the investment and infrastructure of a region does not only affect the economic growth of that region but also to the economy of the contiguous regions.


e23503Background: Osteosarcoma(OS) is the primary malignant bone tumor that most commonly affects children, adolescents, and young adults. However, survival rates continue to be unsatisfactory in t...


The objectives of this research were to determine the chemical composition of the extract of Trachyspermum ammi L. seeds by using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis (GC-MS). The GC-MS is a matchless method for the study and measuring quantity of organic volatile and semi-volatile compounds. Gas chromatography is employed to separates mixtures into individual components employing a temperature-controlled capillary column. Mass spectrometry is utilized to recognize a variety of components from their mass spectra. In the present study, volatile/ semi-volatile compounds present in Ajwain seed extract were analyzed. Ajwain seed extract is extracted by soxhlet extraction method and then analyzed by GC-MS. Total of nine compounds were found and quantified in this study. The major bioactive compounds in Ajwain seed extract are 3,5-dimethylanisole (83.19%), 6-octadecenoic acid, methyl ester, (Z)-, 7-octadecenoic acid, methyl ester (7.42%), and 2-cyclohexyl-2,5-cyclohexadiene-1,4-dione, 4-oxime (3.01%).


The Yanan Retification Movement in 1942 was a great practice which combined the building party theory of Marxism-Leninism with building party practice of the Chinese Communist Party.The building party theory of Mao Zedong and the principle of dealing with inner relation of Party was fully established during the period.It was a large scale movement of thinking's education since the founding of our party.The movement put the emphasis on building party in thoughts,developed correctly critiim and self-criticism which became the initiative in the movement history of the International Communism,accumulated rich experience for party construction and made great contributions to developing party theory of Marxism-Leninism.


The article presents the results obtained from the analyses of wastewater samples with a high heavy metal content, resulted from the metallurgical industry, on which the algal mass biosorption technique has been applied in order to demonstrate its suitability for cleaning wastewater containing heavy metals. Biosorption is a process of accumulation of heavy metals from aqueous solutions through a metabolic controlled system or through different physicochemical processes. This wastewater treatment technique is an alternative perspective method and, compared to conventional heavy metal removal techniques, is an easy and cost-effective process. Wastewater samples were analyzed by spectrophotometric method, for the heavy metals Zn2+, Cu2+, Cr3+ & Cr6+, Fe2+ & Fe3+ initial concentrations and after application of the seaweed biosorption method. For this experiment five different algae species from Black Sea, Romania, were used: Ulva rigida, Punctaria latifolia, Pyropia leucosticta, Callithamnion corymbosum and Cladophora vagabunda. The experimental data processing was carried out in the laboratory of the INPOLDE research center, ReForm-UDJG multidisciplinary platform, Dunarea de Jos University of Galati, Romania.