A spectrophotometric method has been developed for the determination of V (V) using 5-bromo salicylidene-2-aminothiophenol1-3 as an extractive reagent. The reagent forms a colored complex, which has been quantitatively extracted into chloroform at pH 4.8. The method obeys Beer's law over a range of 1 to 10 ppm. The molar absorptivity is 6084.0 L mol-1 cm-1 and Sandell's sensitivity is 0.0192 µg cm-2, respectively. The proposed method is very sensitive and selective. This method has been successfully applied to synthetic and commercial samples.


This book is based on a series of 171 patients who were managed by Fischer and Brotchi and on the cases of 1117 additional patients that were compiled from a survey of the Societe de Neuro-chirurgie de Langue Francaise. The duration of follow-up ranged from one to twenty-nine years. Considering that fewer than 200 such lesions are reported each year in the United States, this compilation of data is impressive in terms of both size and scope.

The first section of the book describes the anatomy of the spinal cord and contains some of the best color prints of anatomical dissections that I have ever seen. The details are exquisite and extremely useful (if not essential) for anyone who is interested in the anatomical relationship between tumors and the spinal cord. The crisp, concise text is markedly enhanced by the illustrations. The section on epidemiology adequately describes the frequency of these tumors, although the abbreviations are rather tedious. A …


The influence of the flotation reagent – potassium butyl xanthate and oil on the aquatic plant duckweed (Lemna minor) was studied. Determined the isolated effect of these compounds in the concentration range of 10.0 – 1000.0 mg / l on the increase in the number of duckweed fronds. Concentrations causing inhibition of test functions by 25%, 50% and 75% relative to control were calculated. A complete two-factor experiment was carried out with the combined action of potassium butyl xanthate and oil. Based on the results of the experiment, a regression equation is presented. The action of the studied compounds is interdependent; the contribution to toxicity under the combined action of potassium butyl xanthate is much higher than that of oil. The nature of the combined toxic effect of these compounds is less than additive.


The use of pine bark, a natural adsorbent prepared from Korean Red Pine (Pinus densifloral), was studied for its adsorption behavior of lead ion from aqueous solution. Adsorption experiments were carried out on lead ion concentrations of 10mg/L. Adsorption of lead ion could be described by both Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms. Treatment of the bark with nitric acid greatly increased initial adsorption rate, and equilibrium sorption capacity increased by approximately 48%. A pseudo second-order kinetic model fitted well for the kinetic behavior of lead ion adsorption onto the bark. Acid-treated bark demonstrated its adsorption capacity quite close to that of granular activated carbon. Results of this study indicated that ion exchange and chelation were involved in the adsorption process.


Baseline concentrations of serum protein-bound carbohydrates and glycoprotein patterns of man, rhesus monkey and albino rat were compared. In all cases patterns of monkey resembled man more closely than did rat. Based on these data it is concluded that the rhesus monkey can serve as a relatively more accurate model than the albino rat to study alterations in concentrations of serum glycoproteins that occur during various infectious and inflammatory processes in man.


In the last years, the use of interactive virtual systems has been starting to be used in multiple sectors, led especially by leisure and video games, but also professional and educational sectors. The capabilities of virtual systems allow users a closeness to the recreated space, while allowing a rapid flow of changes and updates of the models. Based on these premises, this article focuses on the qualitative design and evaluation of a new visualization and virtual interaction proposal based on tactical urban projects. The perceived usefulness in the field of architecture that these systems can have for understanding the three-dimensional space is also evaluated and compared with other current CAD / BIM systems. The results show a high degree of interest and user satisfaction but with a need to improve the interaction and the qualities of the contents.


The present invention relates to a process for making terephthalic acid by reacting a starting material and oxygen in the presence of a heterogeneous catalyst and p-xylene as solvent to produce a solution of terephthalic acid (TPA). The starting material is p-xylene, p-toluic acid, 4 carboxybenzaldehyde, or a mixture of any two or more thereof. No solid TPA is formed during the reaction in contrast to previous manufacturing methods that utilize acidic solvents and precipitate TPA as it forms. By avoiding the direct precipitation of TPA during formation, the present methods avoid many shortcomings of the conventional manufacturing methods used to produce TPA. In particular, the present methods do not require additional purification steps to remove reaction byproducts; film grade TPA can be obtained directly from starting material in a one-step process.


This essay concluds four kinds of shift employment training modes of rural-surplus labor by a practical research in Wuhan as following: the government leading mode, the non-government organization leading mode, the commercial intermediary service organizaition lesding agent and employer leading mode and puts forward the selection principle for the four modes. At last, the four mode and its selection principle are applied in Wuhan suburb.


Microarrays have greatly increased the potential data that can be generated from a single experiment, and this lure has led to a great increase in the availability and application of such technology. As medical researchers recognize the diagnostic potential of such massively parallel high-throughput technologies, microarrays are increasingly being used to predict prognosis and response to specific therapies for a range of tumours in a clinical setting. The marketing success of such microfabrication may to some extent mask the inherent limitations associated with understanding and validating large amounts of array generated data. New developments in nanotechnologies and enhancements of existing techniques promise to improve the sensitivity and ability to simultaneously analyse a greater number of array generated targets in model systems. This level of verification is important in understanding the physiological relevance of microarray generated expression profiles.


W ehavem easured and proposea m odelforswitching ratesin hystereticD C-SQ U ID in theregim e where phase di(cid:11)usion processesstartto occur.W e show thatthe switching ratesin thisregim e are sm aller than the rates given by K ram ers' form ula due to retrapping of Josephson phase. The retrapping process,which isa(cid:11)ected by the frequency dependentim pedance ofthe environm entof the D C-SQ U ID ,leads to a peaked second m om ent ofthe switching distribution as a function of tem perature.The tem peraturewhere thepeaksoccurare proportionalto thecriticalcurrentofthe D C-SQ U ID .


Long-distance training has high demands on the student's speed,endurance,strength,and it can help with students' fighting spirit,hard-working ability.Promote students' physical and mental health has a significant role.Young people are in the physical development of a strong period of plasticity of physical function,long-distance training as an important part of vocational sports training is necessary to combine the growth and development characteristics of the students,the development of effective training methods.The long-distance training of vocational school sports from the two aspects of the psychological quality of training and physical training.


The study investigated the knowledge of Ghanaian mothers on birth spacing, how this knowledge influenced their attitudes and birth spacing practices and possible implications for maternal health and child nutrition. A total of 200 mothers attending antenatal and/or postnatal clinics at a hospital in Accra participated in the study. A structured questionnaire with both open and close ended questions was used to collect information on socio-demographic characteristics of respondents, knowledge on birth spacing, attitudes towards birth spacing and the practices of birth spacing. The results revealed that a greater proportion of women (98%) had heard about birth spacing, however only a few (10%) had in depth knowledge. The top three birth spacing methods known by most respondents were pills (83%), followed by the male or female condom (72%) and abstinence (56%). The study sample used a variety of birth spacing methods with majority using various short-term contraceptives e.g. the pill, while the least used method was Norplant (a long-term contraceptive method). Averagely, 48% of the women spaced their births for one year, 32% for 2 years and 18% for 3-5 years. The desire to have a particular sex, marital status, ageing pressure and the desire to have a new child were some of the factors which influenced the decision of mothers on birth spacing. Literature suggests inter-pregnancy interval influences the nutritional status of mother and child. With 80% of respondents having a birth spacing interval between 1-2 years, it implies that their short birth spacing interval was affecting their nutritional status. It is recommended that women should be targeted for in depth education on birth spacing and maternal health in general and its implications for the nutritional status of both mother and child, in order to provide deeper understanding of the birth spacing concept to a lot more women


Weight is one of the important factors that affect CPI accuracy.In this paper,theoretical and empirical analysis of the weight loss impact on the basic classification price index and the weight lag impact on the higher-level price index are carried out.The results show that "combined ratio" method-use sales as weight to calculate the basic classification price index can greatly improve its accuracy;weight lag of CPI calculation of high level price index can also reduce the accuracy,and main exist overestimate CPI systematic error.


Abstract This paper describes a two-decade search for a means of giving cultural and/or contextual identity to contemporary architecture in Arctic Québec. Although the search took place in Arctic Québec and for the Inuit of that area, it is proposed that the process and the examples could be useful for the Arctic in general. The notion of global uniformity in architecture is presented and the possible disappearance of the identity of any small cultural group and its consequences are considered. The lack of visual indicators in contemporary Arctic architecture is discussed, and it is suggested that the buildings were not designed for the Inuit people or for a very harsh climate in an unusual physical environment. A few examples of buildings from the early 1970s to more recent times, which display some hint of cultural or contextual sensitivity, are discussed. Definitions for culture and context from various architects, theorists, critics, and organisations are given. An analytical framework that correlates Arctic cultural and contextual sources with three different perceptual levels of expression to be integrated into a design at various levels of architectural representation is set out. A research project on culturally appropriate Inuit housing and several architectural design studios on a variety of building types are then delineated, giving a brief account of their genesis as well as a discussion of their cultural/contextual sources of inspiration, the perceptual level of expression, and the level of architectural representation.


Human gross anatomy is an integral aspect of medical education and serves as an important transition into the medical profession. Radiological imaging modalities serve as the link between gross anatomy content and clinical practice. At Duke University School of Medicine, anatomy faculty and radiologists collaborated to introduce radiological anatomy images into our gross anatomy course with the aim of reinforcing student learning of basic science content. We then investigated the effectiveness of this intervention from several perspectives.


The objective of this article is to determine the influence of the tax benefits of exporting companies on the economic social development of the department of Tumbes, in a cross sectional period from 2008 to 2017, based on the analytical synthetic method and in techniques of documentary review and other statistics how linear regression quantitatively and qualitatively analyzes the current tax benefits for the export sector and the main strategic indicators such as GDP, the tax pressure of the department, and formal employment. The results show moderate positive correlations between the variables investigated. It also shows the concentration of tax benefits in a small number of medium and large companies and the minimal participation of MYPE, reflecting still high rates of tax and labor informality in the department, resulting in a great challenge to overcome in the Peruvian tax system.


A series of new polyesters was prepared from terephthaloyl (or isophthaloyl) chloride acid with various cardo bisphenols on solution polycondensation in nitrobenzene using pyridine as hydrogen chloride quencher at 150 °C. These polyesters were produced with inherent viscosities of 0.32–0.49 dL · g−1. Most of these polyesters exhibited excellent solubility in a variety of solvents such as N,N-dimethylformamide, tetrahydrofuran, tetrachloroethane, dimethyl sulfoxide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone, m-cresol, and o-chlorophenol. The polyesters containing cardo groups including diphenylmethylene, tricyclo[5.2.1.02,6]decyl, tert-butylcyclohexyl, phenylcyclohexyl, and cyclododecyl groups exhibited better solubility than bisphenol A–based polyesters. These polymers showed glass transition temperatures (Tg's) between 185 °C and 243 °C and decomposition temperatures at 10% weight loss ranging from 406 °C to 472 °C in nitrogen. These cardo polyesters exhibited higher Tg's and better solubility than bisphenol A-based polyesters. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 38: 4451–4456, 2000


To assess stability of large-sized spatial beam-rod structures loaded with several force factors, the paper proposes to use the frequency-modal method based on solving the problem of natural oscillations in a preloaded structure. This approach makes it possible to obtain stability margin coefficients from action of each loading component for structures with geometric or physical nonlinearity. Using this method implemented in the Siemens Femap with NX Nastran finite element software package, the paper analyzes design of the mobile service tower of the Soyuz-ST launch vehicle (Kourou Space Center, French Guiana). Results show significant increase in the stability margin coefficient in bearing strength for the system as a whole, when using dynamic approach compared to the standard approach based on the Eulerian theory of adjacent equilibrium states. The results obtained demonstrate effectiveness of the proposed method.


Purpose – This paper seeks to examine the influence of the national minimum wage (NMW) in the UK to small business owners operating in the informal economy.Design/methodology/approach – Using the clothing and restaurant sectors as a context, the responses of ethnic minority employers operating in the informal economy are examined in the light of market and regulatory change (notably, the NMW). Case studies are undertaken with 17 business owners and their workers. Given the sensitivity of the information required (reasons for non‐compliance; avoidance strategies; labour use), industry "insiders" were deployed to gain access.Findings – The findings highlight considerable diversity in employer responses, despite the focus on two comparative narrow market sectors. This has implications for both neo‐liberal approaches to the informal economy, and the so‐called "marginalisation" thesis.Research limitations/implications – Provides an insight into a neglected segment of the informal economy. Future studies should...


The intelligent sensory system is required to ensure the accurate welding performance. This paper describes the development of an intelligent vision sensor for the robotic laser welding. The sensor system includes a PC based vision camera and a stripe-type laser diode. A set of robust image processing algorithms are implemented. The laser-stripe sensor can measure the profile of the welding object and obtain the seam line. Moreover, the working distance of the sensor can be changed and other configuration is adjusted accordingly. The robot, the seam tracking system, and CW Nd:YAG laser are used for the laser welding robot system. The simple and efficient control scheme of the whole system is also presented. The profile measurement and the seam tracking experiments were carried out to validate the operation of the system.


This Article is a contribution to a Symposium that focuses on the ideas of Margaret Jane Radin as a point of departure, and particularly on her analyses of propertization and commodification. While Radin focuses on the harms associated with commodification of the person, relying on Hegel's idea of alienation, we argue that objectification, and in particular objectification of various features of the digital environment, may have important system benefits. We present an extended critique of Radin's analysis, basing the critique in part on Gadamer's argument that meaning and application are interrelated and that meaning changes with application. Central to this interplay is the speculative form of analysis that seeks to fix meaning, contrasted with metaphorical thought that seeks to undermine some fixed meanings and create new meanings through interpretation. The result is that speculative and metaphorical forms are conjoined in an interactive process through which new adaptations emerge. Taking this critique an additional step, we use examples from contemporary intellectual property law discourse to demonstrate how an interactive approach, grounded in metaphor, can yield important insights.


The rhodium(II)-catalyzed reaction of iodonium ylides with a variety of conjugated compounds has been examined. With α,β-unsaturated esters and α,β-unsaturated ketones, dihydrofurans were produced in moderate yields. Reactions with acrylonitriles yield oxazoles and dihydrofurans in moderate yields, whereas reactions with 1,3-butadienes result in dihydrofurans and dihydrooxepines in good yields, respectively. The mechanistic pathway for the formation of these products has been described in terms of a cyclopropane intermediate or a 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition mechanism.


A pneumatic shift force assisting device for a transmission comprising a a compressed air inlet and a vent having housing structure, a control rod (2) and an output unit (A) having a two pneumatic working spaces (9, 10) defining the working piston (K) comprises. In this case, a valve assembly (11) is operatively coupled between the control rod and the output unit is provided which causes by corresponding actuation of the pneumatic working chambers of a pneumatic sequence control of the output unit to the control rod and two piston structures (3, 4), two annular sealing edges (34), two with these cooperating slide valve (17, 18) and two valve seats (25, 26). At least one piston structure / valve slide pair is a throttle device in such a way assigned to a fixed location on the output unit (A) disposed throttling seal (41) with at least one of the respective spool (17, 18) or the relevant piston structure (3, 4) arranged restriction passage (39) cooperates, is dependent on their effective cross-sectional area having the relative position of the throttle passage (39) member relative to the associated throttling seal (41).


A Hybrid Power System Stabilizer (HPSS) is presented. The proposed approach uses genetic algorithms (GA) to search for optimal or near optimal settings of fuzzy logic power system stabilizer (FLPSS) parameters. Incorporation of GA in FLPSSs design will add an intelligent dimension to these stabilizers and significantly reduce the time consumed in the design process. It is shown that the performance of FLPSS can be improved significantly by incorporating a genetic based learning mechanism. The performance of the proposed HPSS under different disturbances and loading conditions is investigated. The results show the superiority and robustness of the proposed HPSS as compared to classical PSS and its capability to enhance system damping over a wide range of loading conditions.


There is an increasing growth of the talent in the job market, especially in campuses and it has become a necessity for organizations to attract right talent from this talent pool. Understanding campus recruits' perceptions of employer brand and brand building strategies would help organizations leverage this knowledge to be able to build a strong employer brand for them. A lot of research is being conducted in the area of campus recruits' perception of employer branding; however there exists very limited literature that talks about the factors influencing campus recruits perception of employer brand in the Indian context. The aim of this study is to find those factors that influence the campus recruits' perception of an organization's employer brand and brand building strategies the most, and the campus recruits' intention to apply to the organization in an Indian context. The variables considered in this study are corporate image, pre-recruitment process, CSR activities, intrinsic rewards and extrinsic rewards, internship activities, seminars and workshops, social media and online portals and official website. Keywords— Employer Branding, Campus Recruits,Perception, Employer Brand Building Strategies.


The equity market is more liquid under Democratic than Republican presidencies. This is apparent at the market level but is stronger in small, value stocks and in industries that are more sensitive to Democratic presidents. The effect is robust to different liquidity measures and time periods and is not solely driven by variation in the business cycle or macroeconomic variables. A number of factors that influence liquidity, including information asymmetry, volatility, and economic policy uncertainty, are all lower during Democratic presidencies. We also show that liquidity increases in the months following a Democratic president replacing a Republican president.


This article focused on the reverse osmosis(RO) membrane' s blocking problem which occurred in the RO systems of a power plant after operation for a short time,and according to the site submit a solution.The methods ensure the security,stability and economic operation of the system.by adjusting the dosage of pretreatment system,changing the operation mode and parameters of the RO system through small-scale test.


A series of Au–silica (nanosphere) catalysts were prepared by in situ synthesis; highly dispersed gold nanoparticles (GNPs, 6.4 nm) were obtained, and catalytic tests showed good catalytic activity and epoxidation selectivity. To investigate the origin of the GNPs, the solids were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and other instruments. Some reaction parameters, such as solvent, oxidant concentration, catalyst concentration and reaction time, have been investigated and reaction conditions are optimized.


The main administrative tool used by the Brazilian government for the protection of the biological diversity is the creation of Units of Conservation. To protect its resources, the Units of Conservation must possess a management plan that has taken in account the local peculiarities for protection of the natural resources. The Atlantic forest is one of the ecosystems more threatened by the fragmentation of its territory. This reduction is intensified by the construction of roads, which increase the edge effect on the forest fragments. This paper aimed to complement the management plan of the Biological Reserve Saltinho - RBS, Pernambuco, aiming to mitigate the impact that highways PE-060 and PE-076 cause on leaf litter anurofauna, based in the results gotten in previous research and some works published in scientific papers. As measure of management, the RBS already presents speed reducers and informative plates of presence of wild animals, that had not been enough to prevent the collisions with these animals. Due to the paper of the highways as main touristic corridor for the south coast of the State, it may not be viable the interruption of the flow of automobiles in the place. Thus, we suggest that the perimeter of the highways be surrounded with fences and be implanted underpasses that allow the displacement of animals of average size, the fence acting as a guide for such tunnels, considering the migratory routes of the local species. We suggest the installation of seven tunnels, in compliance with the local ground surface. They must have openings to illumination and be located in order to raise the floor of the highway, creating new speed reducers. These tunnels must be monitored to supply information on which species use them, the need of ambient enrichment, the effectiveness in the reduction of mortality, maintenance of the connectivity and persistence of the gene flow between the populations in each side of the roads. The success of these underpasses must aim the protection of the biological diversity that occurs in the RBS in conciliation with the economic development, due to localization of the Reserve, minimizing the damage for both sides.


The results of our studies of resources and the state of coenopopulations of three species from the genus Viola, namely, V. canina L., V. tricolor L., and V. arvensis Murray, conducted in Romanovsky, Balashovsky and Kalininsky districts of the Saratov region in 2016–2021 are presented. Descriptions of the species' habitats with geographic coordinates are given. The species V. canina, V. tricolor, and V. arvensis have medicinal, honey-providing and decorative value. Populations of the species are confined to meadow-steppe grass-forb phytocenoses. The phytocenoses with the participation of the studied species differ in dominant and codominant species. As a result of our study of the ontogenetic structure of V. canina cenopopulations (CP), it was found that both CPs have unimodal spectra with a maximum on plants of the virginal group. The cenopopulation type according to the «delta-omega» criterion is transitional. The CP of V. tricolor and CP 2 of V. arvensis are characterized by average reproduction efficiency. The CP 1 of V. arvensis has low reproduction efficiency; the value of the recovery index of its age spectrum is less than one. Regeneration processes in CP 1 of V. arvensis are difficult and unstable. Our analysis of the age structure of CPs using the delta-omega classification has shown that the CP of V. tricolor and CP 1 of V. arvensis are maturing, while CP 2 of V. arvensis is transitional by its position in the delta-omega coordinate system. The yield of the species depended on the degree of moisture in the year. On average, over 5 years of the study, the yield of V. arvensis, V. canina and V. tricolor was 21.51, 19.09 and 27.2 t/ha, respectively. In order to restore the populations, the exploitation of thickets of all species of the genus Viola should be carried out once every three years on 1/3 of the area of thickets.


Education is a kind of subjective-discovering activity,and children's inherent subjectivity,transcending motivation and discovering competence are the foundation and origin of discovery education.Yet school education guided by prefigurative culture usually takes doubtful or even negative attitudes towards children's discovering competence and values,thus resulting in self-important pride and utilitarian prejudice.Discovery education is based on the endogenous theory with"discovering yourself"as its essential connotation.From different dimensions",discovering yourself"may be divided into individual,collective and generic discovery,as well as intrinsic self and extrinsic relation development.


A new concept for reusable eco‐friendly hydrogel electrolytes based on cellulose is introduced. The reported electrolytes are designed and engineered through a simple, fast, low‐cost, and eco‐friendly dissolution method of microcrystalline cellulose at low temperature using an aqueous LiOH/urea solvent system. The cellulose solution is combined with carboxymethyl cellulose, followed by the regeneration and simultaneous ion incorporation. The produced free standing cellulose‐based electrolyte films exhibit interesting properties for application in flexible electrochemical devices, such as biosensors or electrolyte‐gated transistors (EGTs), because of their high specific capacitances (4–5 µF cm−2), transparency, and flexibility. Indium–gallium–zinc‐oxide EGTs on glass with laminated cellulose‐based hydrogel electrolytes (CHEs) as the gate dielectric are produced presenting a low working voltage (<2 V), showing an on–off current ratio (Ion/off) of 106, a subthreshold swing lower than 0.2 V dec−1, and saturation mobility (μSat) reaching 26 cm2 V−1 s−1. The flexible CHE‐gated transistors on paper are also demonstrated, which operate at switching frequencies up to 100 Hz. Combining the flexibility of the EGTs on paper with the reusability of the developed CHEs is a breakthrough toward biodegradable advanced functional materials allied with disposable/recyclable and low‐cost electronic devices.


Introduction:
 Ventilator-Induced Lung Injury (VILI) exacerbates existing Acute Lung Injury (ALI) of ICU patients via mechanical ventilation. However, the cellular and molecular mechanism behind VILI is still poorly understood. Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive lipid which usually enhances vascular endothelial barrier via S1P receptor 1 (S1PR1) to protect against ALI. VILI associated mechanical stress reduces S1PR1 while increases S1P receptor 3 (S1PR3) expression. S1PR3 couples to Rho, a central regulator of cytoskeleton and mitochondrial network dynamics. Therefore, the upregulation of S1P-S1PR3 pathway is highly likely to be involved in the deterioration of endothelial barrier and mitochondrial function during VILI.

 Methods and Results:
 Cyclic stretch (18%) significantly increased S1PR3 levels (1.85±0.12 fold, n=3, p<0.05) in human lung endothelial cells (EC). After S1PR3 overexpression (S1PR3 OE), EC basal resistance was reduced (62.8±4.3%, n=8, p<0.05) in ECIS experiments. Moreover, S1P (100 nM) increased 37.2±4.1% resistance in control cells (n=5, p<0.05), while decreased 32.0±3.2% resistance in S1PR3 OE cells (n=5, p<0.05). In contrast to S1P-induced junctional distribution of VE-cadherin in control cells, S1P failed to cause any VE-cadherin junctional redistribution in S1PR3 OE cells as shown by Immunofluorescence (Fig. 1). We further confirmed that S1PR3 OE suppresses VE-cadherin expression in human ECs by western blot. In addition, in S1PR3 OE cells, S1P challenge induced an increased mitochondrial ROS release as shown by MitoSOX assay (6.87±1.10 fold, n=3, p<0.05) and a mitochondrial fission phenotype that was not observed in control cells.

 Conclusions:
 VILI associated mechanical stress upregulates S1PR3, leading to the reprograming of endothelial cell cytoskeleton regulatory machinery and mitochondrial network dynamics. S1PR3 might be a promising target to ameliorate the damage caused by mechanical ventilation.


IN A MUSICAL REVIEW IN 1893 "G.B.S." joked, "It is impossible to say what a man can do until he tries. I may before the end of this year write a tragedy on the subject of King Lear that will efface Shakespear's; but if I do it will be a surprise, not perhaps to myself, but to the public. It is certain that if I took the work in hand I should be able to turn out five acts about King Lear that would be, at least, grammatical, superficially coherent, and arranged in lines that would scan." At the time Shaw had completed only one play, Widowers' Houses; and was working on a second, The Philanderer, one of his least successful efforts. The likelihood of a Shavian Lear was remote. A dozen years later, when he tried to interest classicist and translator of Euripides Gilbert Murray in "a great dramatic theme ... — a Woman Lear with three sons — just the sort of Aeschylean subject in modern life you want,,, the idea was no longer a flippant aside.


Abstract Effects of clay minerals on the electrophoretic mobility and sedimentation of fungal spores were investigated. The separated spores of some fungal species, i.e. Fusarium oxy-sporum f. sp. cucumerinum. F. solani f. sp. pisi, Trichoderma viride and Rhizopus nigricans could be successfully suspended in water, and showed to have negative electrophoretic mobility above pH ca. 3. In acidic media (pH 4.0-5.5), the negative electrophoretic mobility of the spores decreased to zero by the addition of the positively-charged allophane and imogolite, and mutual tlocculation between the clays and the spores was observed. On the contrary, Na-montmorillonite and Na-halloysite which were shown to have negative mobility could not flocculate the fungal spores even at pH ca. 4-6.


This paper describes an intelligence based model predictive control scheme in dealing with a complicated system. In the control strategy proposed here, the system has to be first represented through a multi-Takagi-Sugeno-Kang (TSK) fuzzy-based model approach and subsequently a multi-generalized predictive control (GPC) scheme is realized in line with the investigated model outcomes, at a number of operating points of the system. In this control strategy, the proposed multi-GPC scheme is instantly updated to derive the system by activating the best control scheme through a new GPC identifier. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme, the simulations are carried out and the results are compared with those obtained using the traditional GPC scheme. The results verify the validity of the proposed control scheme.


This study contributes to our understanding of health in late nineteenth-century communities in Ontario and the major factors contributing to the high mortality of the period. The focus of the study is Belleville, Ontario, from 1876 to 1885. Life expectancies at birth in the low forties characterized the community with infant mortality rates in the very high range, 160 per 1000 live-births. Major contributors to the observed pattern of mortality included tuberculosis, weanling diarrhea, and scarlet fever. Significant differences in the likelihood of dying from these three major causes varied by gender and religious affiliation. It is possible that more extended patterns of breast-feeding among Catholics led to lower levels of weanling diarrhea mortality in their infants.


Background: Cerebrovascular dysfunction confers risk for functional decline in Alzheimer's disease (AD), yet the clinical interplay of these two pathogenic processes is not well understood. Objective: We utilized Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) data to examine associations between peripherally derived soluble cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) and clinical diagnostic indicators of AD. Methods: Using generalized linear regression models, we examined cross-sectional relationships of soluble plasma vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), and E-Selectin to baseline diagnosis and functional impairment (clinical dementia rating sum-of-boxes, CDR-SB) in the ADNI cohort (n = 112 AD, n = 396 mild cognitive impairment (MCI), n = 58 cognitively normal). We further analyzed associations of these biomarkers with brain-based AD biomarkers in a subset with available cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) data (n = 351). p-values derived from main effects and interaction terms from the linear regressions were used to assess the relationship between independent and dependent variables for significance (significance level was set at 0.05 a priori for all analysis). Results: Higher mean VCAM-1 (p = 0.0026) and ICAM-1 (p = 0.0189) levels were found in AD versus MCI groups; however, not in MCI versus cognitively normal groups. Only VCAM-1 was linked with CDR-SB scores (p = 0.0157), and APOE ɛ4 genotype modified this effect. We observed independent, additive associations when VCAM-1 and CSF amyloid-β (Aβ42), total tau, phosphorylated tau (P-tau), or P-tau/Aβ42 (all < p = 0.01) were combined in a CDR-SB model; ICAM-1 showed a similar pattern, but to a lesser extent. Conclusion: Our findings indicate independent associations of plasma-based vascular biomarkers and CSF biomarkers with AD-related clinical impairment.


Gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GISTs) are a unique mesenchymal neoplasm with a wide variety of morphologic and clinical presentations. The umbrella diagnosis of GIST was first introduced in the 1980s to encompass what were previously classified as leiomyomas or sarcomas. GISTs are now recognized as the most common nonepithelial tumour of the digestive tract. Electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry suggest a common stem cell origin of GISTs from the interstitial cells of Cajal. Paediatric GISTs can present in a number of ways: occult or frank upper gastrointestinal bleed (33%), abdominal pain (19%), weight loss (4%) or as an abdominal mass (7%). They exhibit variable clinical behaviour, ranging from small lesions with a benign prognosis to aggressive malignant lesions. They can be broadly graded into groups of 'very low, if any malignant potential', 'intermediate' and 'high' risk based on size (smaller than 2 cm), mitotic index and various specific molecular and genetic characteristics. Some young adults have GISTs that share the clinical characteristics that typify paediatric cases (female predominance, multifocal tumour growth, lack of KIT and platelet-derived growth factor receptor-alpha (PDGFRA) mutations). However, GISTs generally rarely present in patients younger than 20 years of age (0.5–2.7% of patients presenting with GIST). Paediatric GISTs are most commonly found in the stomach (85%) as multifocal submucosal lesions. The 'adult form' is generally more aggressive but responds well to tyrosine-kinase inhibitors, whereas paediatric disease is typified by an indolent clinical course, with multiple recurrences, and a poor response to tyrosine-kinase inhibitors. A 15-year-old girl presented with a 2-day history of malaena and feeling faint. At presentation, she was tachycardic and anaemic. She was transfused and gastroscopy confirmed multiple submucosal tumours and hyperplastic polyps, the largest of which was ulcerated and bleeding. Haemostasis was obtained endoscopically (Fig. 1). Preoperative computed tomography (CT) staging did not show any metastatic or related pathology. After counselling, the family decided to proceed with laparoscopic total gastrectomy and Roux-en-Y reconstruction. At surgery, peritoneal inspection was normal and the oesophagojejunal anastomosis was performed employing intracorporeal suturing. Histological examination confirmed at least four stromal tumours of the stomach ranging from 20 to 60 mm with mixed morphology (spindled and epithelioid). Metastatic tumour was present in 2/20 lesser curvature lymph nodes. The mitotic rate was low and no KIT gene or PDGFRA gene mutations were present. Follow-up positron emission tomography (PET) scan at 6 months revealed liver metastases in segments VII and VIII and she underwent hepatic segmentectomy with adjuvant imatinib (Novartis, Basel, Switzerland). She has now been disease-free for 2 years with six monthly surveillance magnetic resonance imaging. A 13-year-old girl presented with episodic malaena and anaemia following use of ibuprofen for headaches and severe 'gripey' abdominal pain. Gastroscopy revealed multiple submucosal gastric tumours. There was no significant family history of neoplastic syndromes. Preoperative CT and PET staging showed a chondroma present in the left upper lobe (Fig. 2). She underwent laparoscopic total gastrectomy with Roux-en-Y oesophagojejunal anastomosis. Four days post operation, she was having obstructive symptoms so she was returned to theatre for diagnostic laparoscopy. The jejunal limb was found to be kinked and an on-table endoscopy confirmed patency of the jejunojejunal anastomosis. Pathohistology revealed five separate gastric GIST tumours, the largest measuring 45 mm with moderate mitotic activity. No standard mutations in KIT or PGFRA were detected but sequencing data from the USA confirmed silencing of succinate-dehydrogenase


Objectives Surgical resection remains a controversial treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) within different Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) stages. The objective of this study was to evaluate the long-term outcome of patients undergoing surgical resection (SR) compared to non-surgical treatments across different BCLC stages. Patients and methods One thousand four hundred forty-three HCC patients within BCLC 0, A, B and C stages were identified. Overall survival was compared by log-rank test among patients within different BCLC stages and among patients receiving different treatments (SR vs locoregional therapy [LRT] vs best supportive care). Propensity score matching analysis was introduced to mitigate the confounding biases between the groups. Results The median survival time of the patients diminished from early, intermediate to advanced BCLC stages (BCLC 0-A 43 [range 0–100] months vs BCLC B 32 [range 0–100] months vs BCLC C 27 [range 0–90] months, all p<0.05). Patients undergoing SR presented with better liver function and more favorable tumor status and, consequently, displayed significant better overall survival than patients receiving LRT or best supportive care at different BCLC stages. In adjusted cohort after propensity score matching, patients who were surgically treated consistently had more favorable outcome than those who were non-curatively treated across different BCLC stages (median survival [range]: BCLC stage B: resection 45 [0–100] months vs LRT 36 [0–81] months, p=0.002; BCLC stage C: resection 39 [3–77] months vs LRT 27 [0–54] months, p=0.003). Conclusion Surgical resection should be considered as a radical treatment for selected HCC patients regardless of the BCLC stages when appropriate.


A variable release torque-based compliant Spring-clutch (VCSC) and torque estimation by using distance sensor is presented. VCSC is composed of an output plate, compliance plate, compensate plate, and fixed plate. Due to these four plates, it has some functions in compliant movement, release mechanism, and gravity compensation during its work. Through these abilities, VCSC plays a role as a safe joint, reducing the impact of collisions between humans and robots. Also, it estimates the torque applied to a joint from a compressed length of a spring, using a distance sensor.


Abstract Previous studies of convective activity over northern and central California were based on data from scattered weather reporting stations. Radar, however, by maintaining a large area under constant surveillance, displays a more complete picture of convective cell formation and patterns. With the installation of the WSR-57 radar in Sacramento, Calif. in early 1960, the opportunity to study the formation and patterns of convective cells over northern and central California was made available. This article summarizes the findings of such a study for the summer months of 1960 and 1961.


The overall objective of business continuity management (BCM) systems is to provide guidance and analytical subcomponents on how to assess and manage risk and sustain operations when facing a disruptive event. Current BCM practices largely follow a standard structure for formal planning processes and risk‐assessment activities. An underlying assumption in standard practices is that systems can be decomposed in subsystems in a meaningful way, as they are tractable and data are available to predict the system's future functionality. However, the reality is much more complex in our volatile world. Standard BCM approaches do not pay adequate attention to the treatment of uncertainties. Thus, they fall short of addressing the complexity of operations involved with emergencies and crisis. Lack of focus on uncertainty hampers the ability of BCM systems to provide sufficient support for decision making in highly uncertain situations. Dealing with such situations necessitates a shift from a defensive risk‐management approach, grounded on an illusion of control and accountability, to a proactive stance based on resilience thinking. Responding to this call, we use concepts from the resilience engineering (RE) field and link them to different components of a BCM system. We develop a novel BCM framework and identify a set of resilience influence factors to enhance resilience in BCM systems. We use a case‐example, hosted by a leading organization in a second‐line emergency response operation in Norway to reflect on the application of a suggested BCM framework.


The utility model relates to an abrasion testing device of a workpiece, in particular to a reciprocating type abrasion tester. The reciprocating type abrasion tester comprises a worktable, wherein a fixture and a lifting regulating mechanism are arranged on the top of the worktable; a workpiece abrasion assembly is fixedly arranged on a lifting rod of the lifting regulating mechanism; the workpiece abrasion assembly comprises a built-in motor, and the motor is sequentially connected with a crankshaft and a connecting rod; a sliding rail is fixedly arranged at the lower end of the connecting rod, a sliding block is arranged on the sliding rail, and a file support is fixedly arranged at the bottom of the sliding block; a file is arranged in the file support and faces the fixture below the file; a photoelectric counter and a control circuit connected with the motor and the fixture are arranged in the worktable; and a control panel of the photoelectric counter, a control switch of the fixture, a control switch of the motor and a power switch are arranged on the surface of the worktable. The reciprocating type abrasion tester has the advantages that abrasion speed is constant, and abrasion strength and abrasion frequency can be effectively controlled, so that abrasive resistance of the workpiece can be authentically reflected, and the working efficiency is greatly improved.


A traditional Ayurvedic formulation 'Vizhal Veradi Kasayam' containing the aerial root of F. bengalensis as the major constituent was analyzed for reducing power ability , antioxidant activity using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay and for total Phenolics using the Folin-Ciocalteu method. The total Phenolics determination showed that the formulation has a Phenolics content of 5.786 mg/mL GAE. Linearity range was found to be 20-140 μg/mL with the correlation coefficient of 0.999.The limit of detection and limit of quantification values were found to be1.55μg/mL and 4.65 μg/mL .The formulation showed significant antiradical activity by bleaching 1,1-diphenyl-2picrylhydrazyl radical (IC50 8.5μg/mL) which is much better than that of Ascorbic acid (IC50 22.0μg/mL). In this simple spectrophotometric method aqueous and alcoholic extracts were used for analysis. The reducing ability, Fe to Fetransformation was found to increase with increasing concentrations of the sample.


Omega-3 (ω-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are a family of fatty acids distinguished by the presence of the double bond closest to the methyl terminus of the acyl chain being on carbon number 3 counting from the methyl terminal carbon. There are several members of the ω-3 PUFA family. Usually, the most common ω-3 PUFA in the human diet is α-linolenic acid (ALA; 18:3ω-3), an essential fatty acid made in plants from the ω-6 PUFA linoleic acid (LA; 18:2ω-3) by an enzymatic conversion catalyzed by delta-15 desaturase (Figure 1). Animals do not possess the latter enzyme, so they cannot make ALA. Nevertheless, once consumed in the diet, ALA can be converted by animals into long-chain, more unsaturated ω-3 PUFAs, including eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; 20:5ω-3), docosapentaenoic acid (DPA; 22:5ω-3), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA: 22:6ω-3) (Figure 1). EPA and DHA are biologically active, influencing cell membrane structure, intracellular signaling pathways, gene expression, and lipid mediator synthesis.1 DPA is less well studied but seems to have similar actions to EPA and DHA. Amongst dietary sources, EPA and DHA are found in the highest amounts in fatty fish; they are also present in fish oil-type supplements. EPA and DHA are linked to many health benefits, including reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality2; these effects are due to beneficial modification of a number of risk factors.3 There is also evidence that EPA and DHA might reduce the risk of developing nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, through effects on hepatic carbohydrate and fat metabolism and on inflammation.4 In general, case-control studies and longitudinal cohort studies provide stronger evidence for the benefits of EPA and DHA on disease outcomes, with findings from randomized controlled trials in patients at risk of, or already with, disease being inconsistent. Circulating and cell and tissue EPA, DPA, and DHA could come directly from the diet or from endogenous biosynthesis starting with ALA as substrate and using the pathway shown in Figure 1. In people with very low or no intake of seafood and not using supplements that contain EPA, DPA, and DHA, it seems likely that much of the body's EPA, DPA, and DHA are produced through endogenous biosynthesis.5 Thus, a major role of ALA is as a precursor to its more bioactive ω-3 PUFA derivatives. Endogenous biosynthesis is likely to be downregulated when there is more EPA, DPA, and DHA in the diet.6 However, the relative contributions of diet and endogenous biosynthesis to EPA, DPA, and DHA levels in any compartment or pool within the body are not known. Furthermore, whether the origin of these fatty acids affects their biological action is not well studied. A recent paper published in Function starts to address these questions using murine models.7 Daniel et al.7 use wild-type C57Bl/6 mice and fat-1 mice. The latter are transgenic mice expressing the fat-1 gene from Caenorhabditis elegans, which encodes an enzyme with delta-15 desaturase activity, and so able to convert ω-6 into ω-3 PUFAs.8 Hence, fat-1 mice fed on diets completely lacking any ω-3 PUFAs have significant amounts of ALA, EPA, DPA, and DHA in their blood, cells, and tissues, unlike wild-type mice fed on such


At the beginning of 20th century,under the influence of Post-impressionist painting,Virginia Woolf starts her exploration on new artistic form in literature.The Post-impressionist painting factors in To the Lighthouse are embodied in four aspects,namely,the use of multi-perspective,the appearance of distorted images,the principle of simplification and the building of a significant design.By applying Post-impressionist painting theories and skills to her writing,Woolf successfully creates a piece of art written on canvas.


"I like looking at a problem in the world, viewing it through several different lenses and determining both the cause and the solution." Meet Mary Hinton '19 (international studies, security studies).


Using the differential anomalous x‐ray scattering (DAXS) technique, the diffuse diffraction pattern associated with small Pt particles has been successfully separated from the strong scattering of crystalline η‐Al2O3 as well as amorphous SiO2 supports. For samples with ≳2.5 wt. % Pt loading, the differential diffraction patterns unambiguously reveal that the Pt clusters are fcc microcrystals. The results demonstrate the feasibility of DAXS technique in structural study of catalytic particles and its advantage over EXAFS in revealing long‐range structure.


Fibre reinforced composite materials having their own specific advantages are why they currently gain more and more attention. A vital procedure once preparations of materials are done is the machining process. Various secondary operations such as milling, drilling, turning and various unconventional processes are used for achieving near net shape and size of desired component. Compared to conventional materials, fibre reinforced composite materials are more practical to be use in machining process due to less amount of cutting forces are required to complete the exact shape and size of desired component. Therefore, a review on milling of fibre reinforced composite material will be helpful for numerous researchers and other manufacturing industries, which are currently working in this field. This review paper represents the classification of composite materials, Fiber Reinforced Plastic (FRP) Composites and Carbon Fibre Reinforced Plastic (CFRP) Composites. In addition, this review also defines the machinability of CFRP composites selection and tool design of end mill.


The heating and confinement of electrons in an electron-cyclotron-resonance ion source (ECRIS) plasma is described: the single particle motion in a magnetic beach is presented, showing the role of the rf wave magnetic field in the electron losses. This effect can be approximately modeled by a Fokker–Planck quasilinear equation in velocity space. This modeling is discussed and numerical results are presented. The behavior of the wave close to resonance is analyzed, taking into account the thermal motion of the electrons. The role of the different design parameters (including rf frequency) is shown and the major ingredients for the design of an efficient ECRIS for multiply charged ions production are summarized.


In the rural area, D.R.T. system is expected with the efficiency compared with the ordinal bus services. It should be designed with the consideration of the situation of travel demand and regional factors. Still there exist several alternative of D.R.T. operation, realistic design standard does not exist especially for semi-dynamic operation, that might be suitable to the region with relatively higher demand density. This study clarified the relationship between special distribution of travel demand and efficiency of the operation, with the simulation on artificial town image and the dataset of actual user demand under D.R.T. operation.


We undertook zircon U–Pb dating and geochemical analyses of the Weitingchagan (WT) pluton in the Dong Ujimqi area, Northeast China, with an aim of determining their ages, petrogenesis and sources, which are important for understanding the Late Palaeozoic tectonic evolution of the Xing‐Meng Orogenic Belt. The WT pluton consists of coarse‐ to medium‐grained porphyritic granites in the core and medium‐ to fine‐grained monzogranites in the rim, contains abundant microgranular enclaves and is intruded by small amounts of muscovite monzogranites. The results of LA‐ICP‐MS zircon U–Pb dating indicate that the WT composite pluton formed during the Late Carboniferous–Early Permian with the ages ranging from 289 Ma to 312 Ma. Petrological and geochemical characteristics of the WT pluton were derived from the partial melting of crustal materials, and the AFC process played an important role in the magmatic evolution. The porphyritic granites are I‐type granite, and the monzogranites and muscovite monzogranites are highly fractionated I‐type granite. Combined with previous studies on the contemporaneous magma‐tectonic activities in the Uliastai Continental Margin, the study suggests that the WT pluton formed in an extensional environment, which may relate to the closure of the Palaeo‐Asian Ocean. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Investing in the education, training and development of the global health workforce is integral to achieving global health goals, including universal health coverage and access to safe and quality services. Systemising and formalising CPD & CE for health workers as part of their professional development has become a central component of health workforce development. A global framework for pharmacy workforce development support countries to assess their CPD & CE development needs and facilitate progress towards global goals. This paper describes this global framework and how it's being used and implemented in countries worldwide.


We calculate 1-8-27 mixing angles, using observed masses and predicted ones from the 405 mass formula. 8-27 mixings are shown to be very large. JP = 2+ singlet and octet decay partial widths are estimated in the SU(3) reducible 36-multiplet model. 36-plet estimations seem agree well with experiment rather than nonet estimates. However, very large 8-27 mixings are not desirable, and give rather small partial widths for some decay modes. From a regularity between the squared masses, of the mesons, possible JP = 1 + octet is proposed. Decay modes of this 1 + octet are discussed.


Because APF performance is impacted by both harmonics detection and current control algorithm, the paper improved these two aspects and proposed a new control strategy. For vulnerability to voltage fluctuations of ip-iq harmonic current detection by phase-locked loop(PLL), the paper proposed a new method to lock phase based on generalized integrator. The method locked the phase by extracting the positive sequence fundamental component of grid voltage, and it is not affected by the voltage distortion and asymmetry. Meanwhile, the generalized integrator is applied to current tracking control, and the method tracked harmonics without static error using the infinite open-loop gain on resonant frequency. The Matlab/Simulink simulation results show that the method can detect and compensate for harmonic current in the case of voltage distortion.


Abstract With the development of people's concept of clothing, functional textiles have entered people's field of vision, and hemp fiber has attracted widespread attention due to its natural antibacterial properties. In order to maintain the natural antibacterial properties of hemp, this article uses hemp yarn as the raw material to explore the influence of ozone washing on the antibacterial properties of hemp in the finishing process of denim clothing. The results show that three factors affect the antibacterial performance of the yarn: the time of ozone treatment, the moisture content of the yarn, and the pH value. When the yarn moisture content is controlled to 60%, the pH value is set to 7, and the ozone treatment is 20 min, the antibacterial effect is the best, and the antibacterial rate reaches 89.7%. Supplemental data for this article is available online at


Naara-Aaba is an indigenous wine innovated by a woman who could predict a beautiful end to her vision of brewing wine from the sacred but exotic fruit kiwi. The brand was launched in 2017 at Hong village of Ziro, Arunachal Pradesh by Tage Rita Takhe; an engineer turned entrepreneur through her venture M/s Lambu Subu Food & Beverages. The brand was named after her late father-in-law lovingly known as 'Naara' and 'Aaba' meaning father. The motto of the company is to fight a social problem that wreaks havoc across the region, namely the suicides of thousands of farmers who cannot pay back their debt due to drought, poor harvest, and sometimes exacerbated by climate. Rita started her winery facing these hurdles and a field abundant in kiwi fruits. Despite facing many challenges such as lack of efficient production infrastructure, market connectivity, and minimum support from the government machinery, she has created a niche market in the wine industry. This case aims to establish the applicability of the Blue Ocean strategy by applying the tools to create an uncontested market space for Naara-Aaba, the first organic kiwi wine from the north-eastern states of India and second in the world after New Zealand. Research question: How to apply Blue Ocean strategy for the brand Naara-Aaba so that the competition becomes irrelevant? Theory: Blue Ocean theory Type of the case: Applied problem solving Basis of the case: Phenomenon-creating uncontested space in the market Protagonist: Present Findings: The findings revealed that implementing a Blue Ocean strategy will open up new uncontested market spaces for the brand to grow profitably. This case study shows how to apply Blue Ocean strategy for a wine brand. Discussion: Blue Ocean strategy advocates that by eliminating unnecessary attributes, reducing all features that pushes up the cost, raising utility, and creating higher value, a brand can redefine its market where competition is non-existent.


A multi-trench clad EDFA with 780 µm^2 mode-area is proposed. Single-mode output is ensured by higher order mode discrimination. Output power of 90 W with differential modal gain of 40 dB has been obtained.


Mouse bone marrow cells grown in medium enriched with L cell conditioned medium (LCM) as a source of colony stimulating factor (CSF) yield populations of adherent macrophages which are quite sensitive to induction of interferon (IFN) by viral and nonviral inducers. We examined the role of LCM in the sensitivity of marrow macrophage cultures to IFN induction. Removal of LCM from the cultures for as little as 3 hours markedly reduced the IFN titers induced by a double stranded ribopolynucleotide (poly I:C) or a lipopolysaccharide (LPS), while induction by Newcastle disease virus (NDV) was unaffected. Addition of anti‐CSF serum to LCM medium also reduced IFN titers in response to poly I:C but had no effect on NDV induction. The inhibitory effect of anti‐CSF indicates that the LCM requirement is at least partially related to the colony stimulating activity of the medium. We postulate that CSF regulates the initial interaction of macrophages with poly I:C or LPS rather than the synthesis and secretion of interferon by the phagocytes. Nearly complete restoration of IFN induction with poly I:C was obtained when LCM deprived cultures were reincubated with LCM medium previously conditioned by marrow cultures.


A straightforward analysis slightly extending the work of Kawakami and Nishizawa and of Gloge and Marcatili provides some insight about the extent to which the mode differential delay in a graded-index fiber can be minimized. We show that an ideal fiber (no mode mixing) with uniform mode excitation and loss and uniform material dispersion can theoretically have an rms pulse broadening due to mode differential delay as small as about 0.02LΔ2n0/c. We suggest that further improvement can result through recognition of differential mode loss and by accurate control of the (non-zero) rate of change of dispersion with fiber index.


ABSTRACT One response to a pedagogical shift towards student-centred and active learning approaches to promote student learning in STEM is the flipped classroom. However, there has been inconsistency in the design and implementation of the flipped classroom and its impact on student learning. This review systematically analysed 30 empirical studies on flipped classrooms in formal, K-16 science and maths classrooms to understand theoretical underpinnings leading to different approaches to flipped classrooms and the impact of flipped classrooms on student learning in science and maths classrooms. The selected studies were qualitatively analysed, and the results showed that: (1) there is more published literature on the flipped classroom identified in post-secondary science and mathematics classrooms, (2) the design of the flipped classroom is rarely grounded in theoretical frameworks especially in science classrooms, and (3) the flipped classroom has an overall positive effect on students' science and maths learning. This study highlights the importance of using explicit theoretical frameworks aligned with contemporary learning theories to guide the design, implementation, and evaluation of the flipped classroom. Additionally, there is a need for future research to utilise design-based methodologies to maximise the positive impact of the flipped classroom on student learning.


This paper uses the properties of the quadratic mapping. When an appropriate parameter a is chosen, the quadratic mapping fa has an attracting periodic orbit, and the attracting basin of the attracting periodic orbits is dense in a closed interval. An upper semi-continuous decomposition, G of the Lauwerier mapping is defined. There exists a decomposition space, G with respect to G. The properties of Lauwerier mapping is studied by the shift map on the inverse limit space of the quadratic mapping. The quadratic mapping is took nearly Markov partition. It is proved that Lauwerier mapping is topologically semi-conjugate to the shift mapping on the inverse limit space.


Background: Tobacco chewing is an ancient habit dating back to more than 2000 years. Since then, it has spread with remarkable rapidity, seeping into all sections of the society. Aim: The study was carried out to compare the oral health care practices among the tobacco chewers and nonchewers and to record the tobacco chewing habit among the tobacco chewers of Khordha city, Odisha. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted from March 2015 to August 2015, among 25–64 years old patients attending the dental out-patient department of Gopabandhu Khordha District Headquarter Hospital. The study sample of 512 subjects (256 tobacco chewers and 256 nonchewers), who were age and sex matched, were then interviewed regarding their oral hygiene practices and tobacco chewing habit using a closed-ended questionnaire, derived from the National Youth Tobacco Survey Questionnaire, 2012 and the WHO Oral Health Questionnaire for Adults, 2013. Data obtained were analyzed using Chi-square test. The significance level was set at P ≤ 0.05. Results: All the study subjects had people at home who had the habit of chewing some or the other form of tobacco. Most (73.4%) of the tobacco chewers felt that tobacco chewing probably makes young people look cool or fit in their peer group. Furthermore, 72.2% never saw a warning label on a smokeless tobacco product and 95.3% never had family or friends talk to them about not using any type of tobacco product. However, 87.1% were willing to quit this habit if proper guidance was provided. Conclusion: Tobacco chewing is a socially and culturally acceptable habit in Khordha city, Odisha. Awareness about the harmful effects of tobacco chewing among the users was very low, emphasizing the need to educate and promote awareness about smokeless tobacco products.


The Gerebtzoff modification of the Koelle-Friedenwald cholinesterase technique was employed to demonstrate the nervous system of intact tetrathyridia of Mesocestoides corti. The extension of 10 longitudinal trunks from a bipartite brain and associated sucker ganglia to their termination in a plexus about the excretory bladder, the complexities of the circular commissures, as well as the presence of "heavy" peripheral nerve fibers penetrating the integument and a distinct "light" fiber system terminating in a subintegumental plexus are described. A series of variations in the basic nervous pattern associated with the asexual reproduction and with the presence of functional secondary excretory bladders along the proliferative side of the organism is discussed. Relatively few studies have been published on the structure of the nervous system of flatworms using histochemical methods. Halton and Jennings (1964) employed an indoxyl acetate method to study the nervous system of an intact monogenetic trematode. Frozen sections were used in the esterase-cholinesterase studies of Lee, Rothman, and Senturia (1963); Lee and Tatchell (1964); and Schardein and Waitz (1965). No study of the gross distribution of cholinesterases in intact worms was attempted in these investigations. Wilson (1965, abstract only) successfully applied a cholinesterase technique to study the nervous system of Hymenolepis spp. Since the structure of the nervous system of preadult cestodes is relatively unknown, the gross application of a cholinesterase technique (Lewis, 1961) was employed to selectively distinguish the nervous system from the parenchyma during the asexual reproduction of the tetrathyridium (Specht and Voge, 1965) of Mesocestoides corti as well as in the interphase between divisions. Further, there was need of a method to visualize the gross elements of the nervous system in a study which has been conducted upon the in vivo and in vitro regeneration of this organism (to be reported elsewhere). MATERIALS AND METHODS


Flux-line pinning by the grain boundary in niobium bicrystals was investigated by making four-terminal measurements of the critical current and neutron diffraction measurements of the flux-line bending. The elementary pinning interaction is estimated from the critical current data by using an approximate theory of the current distribution on the grain boundary. The data reported here are mainly for a sample in which the applied magnetic field is parallel to the (111) and the (001) crystal directions in the two grains when it is in the plane of the boundary and perpendicular to the current direction. Evidence is seen of grain boundary faceting and of a flux-flow rectification effect that peaks as a function of temperature below 3/sup 0/K. The scale of the grain-boundary pinning is consistent with the quasiparticle-scattering theory.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to show that benchmarking allows SMEs to improve their operational performance.Design/methodology/approach – The paper presents a fully implemented expert diagnostic system which evaluates on a benchmarking basis the performance of SMEs.Findings – The research results with hundreds of SMEs show that benchmarking allows them to improve their operational and financial performance thus confirming the usefulness of benchmarking for SMEs, especially since traditional performance models for large enterprises do not apply well to SMEs.Research limitations/implications – Based on data mining techniques, future work should allow us to significantly extend our knowledge on SMEs, and further improve our evaluation model of SME performance.Practical implications – Practitioners and researchers should pay more attention to benchmarking as a valuable performance evaluation tool, not only for large businesses, but for SMEs as well.Originality/value – The paper highlights the develo...


In the second instalment of this series investigating the third stage of labour, the authors discuss the role of the midwife in expectant and active management. This article builds on the understanding of the physiology of the third stage of labour (TSL), which was discussed in part one (January 2022).1


While boat and ship graves are known from across northern Europe, and are particularly associated with the Viking Age, only seven examples of such monuments have been excavated in Iceland. Furthermore, no shipwrecks are known dating from this period in Iceland, and examples of boat timbers preserved by waterlogging are very rare. As such, the mineralized wood remains from these burials comprise the vast majority of direct archaeological evidence currently available for the boats used in daily life in early Iceland. This paper uses taxonomic identification of mineralized wood remains from the Icelandic boat graves, along with comparative data from Europe and Scandinavia, to discuss boat construction and repair in early Iceland, including the possibilities of driftwood utilization and the importation of boats from Norway. The economic and social significance of the practice of boat burial in Iceland is also explored, with regard to the importance of boats as transport and the limited availability of wood suitable for boat construction and repair.


We have discovered a monoclonal SPECIFIC HUMAN FC-RECEIVER WITH YOUR PREPARATION MODE. THE UNION OF FC RECEPTOR ANTIBODY NOT blocked by human immunoglobulin G. FC RECEPTOR ANTIBODY AFFINITY RAISED BY THE IGG JOINS IN A RECEIVER human monocyte UNION DISTINCT FROM Ligand binding for FC SITE. A bifunctional ANTIBODY OR OWNS heteroanticuerpo a binding region of an antibody antigenic DERIVED ANTI-FC RECEPTOR AND A REGION OF UNION antigenic EPITOPE SPECIFIC TO AN OBJECT OR CELL; ANTIBODY AS A macrophage CAN HANDLE THIS IS LINKED TO WHEN RECEIVERS SURFACE FC Macrophage. RECEIVER expressor effector cell SPECIFIC SUBJECT TO THE PORTION FG IGG has a region of UNION antigenic DERIVED FROM A receptor antibody ANTI-FC and another specifically for a cell object and said heteroanticuerpo O bifunctional is linked to the Fc receptor LA effector cell; EFECTORAPUEDE BE USED AS CELL THERAPY OF CANCERS, ALLERGIES, AUTOIMMUNE OR INFECTIOUS DISEASES, AND immunoassays.


The proposed comb reported in the accompanying paper (Part I) is used in wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) superchannels operating with 160 and 320 Gbps polarization multiplexing (PM)-16QAM signal per comb line. The transmission performance of these superchannel communication systems is investigated using Optisystem ver. 15.0 software. The investigation is extended further to design a pilot-assisted receiver local comb operates synchronously with the transmitter comb. The results reveal that the best figure-of-merit (FoM) for superchannal designed with 25 GHz channel spacing and 160 Gbps PM-16QAM signaling is 5120 Tbps.km when 64 comb lines are used.


This study researched the predictive relationships among the elements of fraud diamond theory and how accountants rank these relationships for early detection of fraud. A ranking Likert scale questionnaire on the four elements of Pressure/incentive, opportunity, rationalization, and capability were randomly distributed and answered by 100 accountants who are members of the Institute of Chartered Accountants, Ghana. Based on Spearmen's rank order correlation, positive linear relationships were found to exist among all the four elements of the fraud diamond theory. Regarding predictive ranking of fraud occurrences from the perspective of accountants, the study noted that in order from large to small these probabilities are: Capability/Opportunity 0.611, Capability/Rationalization 0.574, Pressure/Rationalization 0.518, Opportunity/Rationalization 0.463, Capability/Pressure 0.266 and Pressure/Opportunity 0.212. Capability/Opportunity, Capability/Rationalization, and Pressure/Rationalization give a large prediction of fraud happening; Opportunity/Rationalization gives a medium prediction and Capability/Pressure, and Pressure/Opportunity provide a small prediction. The study, therefore, concluded that when the opportunity is minimized, potential fraudsters' capability can be rendered redundant through supervision and when rationalization is made difficult, potential fraudsters delay or avoid their act of fraud. Policy-makers should, therefore, consider policies that reduce the opportunity to commit fraud and rationalization should be given much attention. Effective supervision must be intensified to control capability.


Iron(III) proto-porphyrin IX dimethyl ester (HDME) can copolymerize with π-conjugated monomers binding at one end of the polymer chain. Apparent Q, e values of HDME were Q = 70 and e = −0.17. The copolymerization of HDME with π-unconjugated monomer was feasible by using π-conjugated monomer as a third component. When unconjugated vinylimidazoles were used as monomers, the obtained ternary copolymers of HDME formed intramacromolecular complexes of iron(II) porphyrin with vinylimidazole residues, which gave stable carbon monoxide adducts.


Background: The application of intraperitoneal (IP) and/or incisional (IN) local anaesthetic (LA) for reducing postoperative pain could offer analgesic benefits with a favourable adverse events profile. The aim of this review was to examine the pattern of effect of single bolus IN and IP LA on visual analogue scale (VAS) pain scores for the first 2 postoperative days following laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LCS) and abdominal hysterectomy (AH).


1Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Nationalities Medical College, Baise City, Guangxi Province, People's Republic of China; 2Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi Province, People's Republic of China; 3Medical Examination Center, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Nationalities Medical College, Baise City, Guangxi Province, People's Republic of China Aims: Previous studies have shown that baseline high viral load is closely related to


Owing to the requirement of high resolution of imaging system, such as the infrared imaging system, the imaging laser radar, the compressive sensing is used in the imaging system with low resolution sensors to obtain high quality image information. In this paper, compressive sensing is applied in an imaging system. A random phase mask is placed on the lens of the optical system. The optical wave propagation process of light field from the object plane to the lens, then to the image plane is analyzed and theoretical formula of the propagation with the form of the Fourier transform expression is deduced, thus the reconstruction speed is high by using the fast Fourier transform. The orthogonal wavelet transform and the orthogonal matching pursuit algorithm are employed in the reconstruction. The simulation results prove the good performance of the reconstruction quality and speed.


We unveil a mechanism for generating oscillations with arbitrary multiplets of the period of a given external drive, in long-range interacting quantum many-particle spin systems.
These oscillations break discrete time translation symmetry as in time crystals, but they are understood via two intertwined stroboscopic effects similar to the aliasing resulting from video taping a single fast rotating helicopter blade.
 The first effect is similar to a single blade appearing as multiple blades due to a frame rate that is in resonance with the frequency of the helicopter blades' rotation;
 the second is akin to the optical appearance of the helicopter blades moving in reverse direction.
 Analogously to other dynamically stabilized states in interacting quantum many-body systems, this stroboscopic aliasing is robust to detuning and excursions from a chosen set of driving parameters, and it offers a novel route for engineering dynamical n-tuplets in long-range quantum simulators, with potential applications to spin squeezing generation and entangled state preparation.


DEAR EDITOR, Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a chronic inflammatory arthritis which can cause pain, fatigue, swelling and stiffness in the joints, and can result in limited physical function and a high psychosocial burden. Patients with psoriasis are at greater risk of developing PsA than those without. There is no definitive test for PsA. A diagnosis is made by rheumatologists after referral from primary care based on the patient's medical history, a physical examination, blood tests, a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan and X-rays. Delays can be due to patient-related factors (e.g. reluctance to seek medical help) and clinician-related factors (e.g. the lack of autoimmune diagnostic markers). Even a 6-month delay from symptom onset can result in worse long-term physical function. The PROMPT programme (National Institute for Health Research grant: RP-PG-1212-20007) is investigating the clinical and cost benefits of early detection of PsA. The main study is a two-arm parallel-group cluster randomized controlled trial (RCT) of screening (known as TUDOR), using enhanced surveillance for PsA in primary care vs. standard care. Screening included an examination of participants' skin, joints, hands, feet, scalp, physical tests (e.g. touching toes), height and weight measurement, blood tests, X-rays, MRI scans and questionnaires. An important aspect of TUDOR is understanding whether screening would be acceptable to patients with psoriasis, some of whom will be diagnosed with PsA as a result and some of whom will not. The aim of this study was to understand the experience of screening from the perspective of participants with psoriasis recruited to the enhanced surveillance arm in the TUDOR RCT. The study was approved by the Proportionate Review SubCommittee of the North East – Newcastle & North Tyneside 1 Ethics Committee (reference 16/NE/0393) and the Health and Applied Sciences Faculty Research Ethics Committee of the University of the West of England (reference: HAS.17.03.129). A qualitative design was used. Data were collected in one-toone, semistructured, telephone interviews and analysed using framework analysis. Twenty-four participants were recruited from two sites in the TUDOR RCT (Table 1). Three main themes represent the data. Theme 1 reports participants' views on screening as part of healthcare. Participants described a range of feelings from apprehension and mild anxiety through to excitement and optimism. Overall, screening was a well-conducted, positive


approved: Redacted for privacy _r Dr. James R. Harr There is need for more knowledge of the naturally acquired diseases of the laboratory rat. Respiratory diseases occurring in the species were reviewed with special reference to an acute respiratory disease affecting certain rats in the Oregon State University closed Wistar rat colony which has also involved human infections. The genus hemophilus was discussed, particularly Hemophilus influenzae, Hemophilus para-influenzae and Hemophilus influenzae murium. Necropsy and bacteriological examinations were made of rats from the 0. S. U. colony affected with the acute respiratory syndrome noted above. The lesions observed are described. An organism morphologically and culturally similar to H. para-influenzae was isolated. The organism was inoculated intranasally into susceptible experimental animals. These rats were necropsied at three, five, ten, and 14 days. The histopathological picture was observed and described. The organism was recovered from the test animals. Lesions observed in the animals affected by the disease at the present time were compared to those seen in rats dying during the initial epizootic four years ago. In 1964.-65 the rat colony was infected with chronic murine viral pneumonia. The rats were less able to resist the infection with the causal agent and succumbed. The breeding colony for the present rats has been raised for several generations in barrier cages and the colony is now apparently free of chronic murine viral pneumonia. The rats which now become infected on removal from the barrier cages do not develop the advanced lesions previously observed. The principal lesion now is seen to be a purulent rhinitis with a mild conjunctivitis. Human involvement in the initiation of the primary epizootic was suspected and there has been human infection apparently contracted from handling the infected rats reported subsequently. During the present studies a similar human infection occurred and an organism considered to be the same as the isolate from the rats was recovered. The identity of the isolate is discussed. In the previous studies the isolate was considered to be Hemophilus influenzae murium. Evidence is presented in the present study to indicate that it is Hemophilus pares-influenzae. Some Aspects of an Hemophilus Infection in the Laboratory Rat


Maintaining correct power quality is being a very important task within the operation of the facility. It's compelling by the ability quality standards (IEEE-519) to limit the harmonics distortion at intervals the suitable vary. The excessive use of power electronics devices in distribution system has evolved the matter of power quality leading to harmonics generation & in substantial economic losses. Filters approaches to be the effective & economical technique for harmonics mitigation. This paper presents the method of using FPGA controller in the place of Hysteresis current controller for controlling the shunt active filter to mitigate the harmonics in power systems. Harmonics identification methodology and compensation management adopted


The varying laws and corresponding fracture condition of some metal materials for different fracture modes along with different loading, under normal and traction-twisting destructive test in two directions, were investigated. Based on the test results for mixed mode fracture of some ductile materials, the varying laws for shape of hole nucleation and polymeric mode along with the varying of the stress tri-axicity were analyzed. The varying laws for initiation break point and initiation crack growth direction and the main affect element were analyzed. Study shows that as viewed from the fracture physical mechanism of the materials, the bodies with crack or not are sameness in essentiality. Along with the affect of plastic factors and the stress tri-axicity, the shape of hole nucleation changed from ellipse to slightness.and the fracture modes changed from traction fracture to shear break. The fracture mode and dangerous point and growth direction on the dangerous point have the same varying laws in the bodies with crack or not. Distinguish the different physical mechanism to built different fracture condition can suitable to solve different problems in fracture mechanics.


Introduction Weed is an everyday term usually to describe a plant considered undesirable. The word weed is commonly applied to unwanted plants in human-controlled settings, such as farm fields, gardens, lawns, and parks. Weeds compete with the beneficial and desired vegetation in crop lands, forests, aquatic systems etc. and poses great problem in noncropped areas like industrial sites, road/rail lines, air fields, landscape plantings, water tanks and water ways etc. Weeds are an important factor in the management of all land and water resources, but its effect is greatest on agriculture. Weeds cause 45% of annual yield loss as compared to the disease 20%, insect 30% and pest 5%. Variant losses due to weeds are given as annual monetary loss of₹ 19800 million, in major crops ₹ 4200 million and in food grain 60 million tonnes. Removal of weeds consumes 25% labour i.e. 900-1200 man–hour during the cultivation season. Average weeding cost by traditional method is nearby ₹ 945/ha out of the total cost of cultivation₹ 3000/ha for agricultural crop. Weeds control method includes viz. mulching, solarization, chemical, flaming, mechanical, sterilization, and crop rotation with its own advantages and disadvantages. Mechanical weeding proved to be better as it International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 9 Number 10 (2020) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Weeds are an important factor in the management of all land and water resources, but its effect is greatest on agriculture. It reveals that one third of the cost of cultivation is being spent for weeding alone. Weeding operation is the process of elimination of unwanted plants so that the regular crops can be grown profitably. Weeding is one of the important operations. Various methods are in use for weeding purpose. Availability and quality of matching equipment for small mechanical power sources is a major concerned in general and weeding equipment in particular. The same time farmer has to use different weeders based on crop specification, as on today weeding operation has not been mechanized in almost all the crops. Hence, keeping the above factors in view, an attempt has been made to develop a mini-tractor operated weeding matching tool for weeding operation of multi crop for intensive and commercial farming system in India which can save time as well as money. K e y w o r d s Mini tractor, Sweep blade, Weeding tool Accepted: 26 September 2020 Available Online: 10 October 2020 Article Info Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2020) 9(10): 3439-3449 3440 keeps the soil surface loose providing better aeration and moisture conservation. The number of tractors in agriculture has increased. The tractors mostly used on Indian farms are available in range of 30 to 40 hp. The power requirement for weeding/ interculturing operation with tractor is only 10 to 15 hp. Materials and Methods This section deals with the design of a sweep type weeding tools for five different row to row spacing of crops such as sorghum (300mm), chickpea (450mm), maize (600mm), pigeon pea (900mm) and castor (1200mm).The various factors involved in the design consideration were operational safety, ease of operation and cost of production. The emphasis has been given on ease of operational adjustment with minimum maintenance. This machine was basically designed for small and medium class farmers (having mini tractor) whose investment capacity is limited and having small size of land to work with limited period (Fig. 1–7). Design consideration parameters The following design parameters were considered during the development of sweep type weeding tool for various spacing of crop. Power requirement of machine and source of power availability. Functional requirements of machine and its inter-relationship of various components. Ease of operation of various components. Possibility of designing a multipurpose machine combining more than one function into a single machine. Cost of machine and farmer's paying capacity. Economy commensuration with its quality. Adjustment of machine and its maintenance. Suggestions and feedbacks from the users. Other competitive product in the market.


T HE NO CHILD Left Behind (NCLB) Act, the federal initiative to improve K-12 education, requires states to disaggregate the results of their statewide tests by the race and ethnicity of the testtakers. School patrons will thus not only know what the average score and pass rate are for a school and a school district, they will also know the average scores and pass rates for black students, white students, Hispanic students, and students from other ethnic groups. Some states, such as New York, adopted this approach even before NCLB mandated it, and some school districts, such as Montclair, New Jersey, have been breaking out scores in this manner for years. There is no sound argument for disaggregating scores by race and ethnicity, but serious danger in doing so. The difference between a "black" and "white" average begs an explanation. The difference itself explains nothing, but it can reinforce for many the notion that some groups are "naturally" inferior to others in cognitive ability. For those who sub-


Large enterprises tend to have heterogeneous systems, namely the formation of "islands of information", that makes information interaction and interoperability very difficult. Application of integrated development based on service-oriented architecture, which does not change the underlying architecture of enterprise applications, is a good solution to the aforementioned problems. This paper proposes a scheme to integrate heterogeneous resources based on SOA and Web Service, and builds inter-departmental business systems to conduct feasibility analysis and to verity theoretical basis with interoperability, cross-industry interconnection and data sharing as benchmarks.


Background Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra of the midbrain. Familial cases of PD are often caused by mutations of PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK1) and the ubiquitin ligase Parkin, both pivotal in maintaining mitochondrial quality control. CISD1, a homodimeric mitochondrial iron-sulfur-binding protein, is a major target of Parkin-mediated ubiquitination. Loss of CISD1 is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, redox imbalance, and abnormal iron accumulation, all hallmark features of PD. Methods To elucidate a possible involvement of CISD1 in PD pathophysiology, we investigated its role in dopaminergic neurons from PINK1 mutation patients, in fibroblasts lacking CISD1 or expressing a CISD1 mutant lacking its iron/sulfur cluster, and in Pink1 and Parkin mutant flies. Results In both patient-derived dopaminergic neurons and in Pink1 mutant flies, we observed a heightened propensity of CISD1 to form dimers. This corresponded to the iron-depleted state of CISD1. Reintroducing a CISD1 mutant incapable of binding the iron-sulfur cluster into CISD1 knockout cells failed to rescue mitochondrial fragmentation and oxidative distress. When overexpressed in Drosophila, this mutant proved detrimental by disrupting the redox equilibrium. Complete loss of Cisd, the Drosophila orthologue of CISD1, rescued all detrimental effects of Pink1 loss of function on climbing ability, wing posture, dopamine levels, lifespan, and mitochondrial ultrastructure. In Parkin mutant flies, additional loss of Cisd ameliorated climbing and wing posture phenotypes, but did not mitigate the reduction in lifespan. Conclusion Our results suggest that Cisd operates downstream of Pink1 and, partially, Prkn, shedding light on PD pathophysiology and implicating CISD1 as a potential therapeutic target.


Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) has been utilized to study the microstructure of YBa/sub 2/Cu3O/sub 7/ superconductor high-temperature thin films under thermal cycling loading. The thin films were deposited on MgO buffered [100] Si substrates by the laser ablation and sputtering methods. It is found that the characteristics of the MgO buffer layer have a significant influence on the thermal fatigue life of the superconductor films. The thickness of YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7/ thin film plays a key role on the failure of the laser-ablated MgO buffer layer thin film assembly. The development of cracking and spalling, because of the coefficient of thermal expansion mismatch, is the leading mechanism that eventually causes the failure of the buffered MgO thin film system. Various microstructural factors and mechanisms responsible for the failure of the system are discussed in detail in this paper.


Research aims: This study aims to examine the influence of budgeting participation and compensation influence toward local government performance with organizational commitment as an intervening. Design/Methodology/Approach: The sample used was government officials in Magelang City, Indonesia. The respondents involved in this study were head of division, head of sector, head of sub-division, had of sub-sector, and staff. This research uses purposive sampling method. The type of data is primary data that were collected by distributing the questionnaires. 116 respondents were involved as the sample. Partial Leas Square (PLS) is employed to test the hypotheses. Research findings: This study revealed that budgeting participation and compensation influence the organizational commitment. Also, it revealed that budgeting participation and compensation indirectly influence on local government performance through organizational commitment. Theoretical contribution/Originality: This study give evidence that organizational commitment has role as full intervening variable on the relation among budgeting participation and compensation toward performance. Practitioner/Policy implication: This study give beneficial information to regulator and local government management in regard to enhance agencies' performance. Research limitation/Implication: this study only conducted in Magelang City. Arguably, the reader need to be carry full in reading this study result, particularly to generalize the study result. Keywords: Budgeting Participation, Compensation, Organizational Commitment, Performance, Local Government


This paper summarizes the advantages of "Zero-entry Barriers" mode of knowledge management based on blog and discusses how to utilize blog to effectively promote and conduct knowledge management for individuals and groups.


This exploratory study is a pioneering research in the study of chocolate consumption amongst Indian consumers. Most studies look at chocolate consumption as deviant behaviour. However, for a developing country like India the frequency and amount of consumption is low; hence the factors influencing/hindering the consumption are of interest both for academicians as well as practitioners. The study went on to analyze the prevailing attitude towards chocolate consumption and tested the difference in attitude across relevant demographic variables. A cross-sectional consumer survey of 186 Indian chocolate consumers was conducted across the National Capital Region (NCR) of New Delhi, India. Factor analysis of consumer attitudes resulted in two distinct factors—cultural significance of sweets and chocolate value proposition. Younger consumers were found to be more value seeking as compared to older consumers. Taste followed by the brand were the most important criteria while choosing a chocolate and predominant reason for buying chocolates was for gifting purpose.


The reform of the state owned enterprises have been undertaken for more than 20 years and made remarkable achievements. But now the state owned enterprises faced more and more problems. This paper based on the facts of Huainan, analyzed the problems during established the modern enterprise system. At last, the author tabled several pieces of proposal about how to establish and consummate the modern enterprise system in Huainan.


By inducing the invention is such that the static rupture at a jumping wiring connection when the connection between the array substrate or a display panel, scan lines and the signal pads in the antistatic jumping wires of different materials, the static electricity generated in the substrate inspection process flows occurs, the inspection process electrostatic charge is introduced into to provide a display capable of preventing damage to the inner panel in the panel occurred.