1. Aim, Method and Perspectives The Aim of the Study The Basic Problem J. D. G. Dunn and the Partings of the Ways The Aim Specified The Method and Perspectives of the Study Models, Perspectives and the Question of Verification "The Truth Is Out There" 2. The Setting: Antioch-on-the-Orontes Introduction A Short History of Antioch The Foundation and Early Development of the City From Antiochus IV Epiphanes to Titus The Social and Religious Life of Antioch Antioch as a Graeco-Roman Polis Public and Private Worship Social Conditions in Antioch The Jewish Community in Antioch up to 66 c.e. The Origin of Jewish Presence in Antioch The Legal Status of the Jews of Antioch One Community 3. The Cultural and Religious Differentiation Introduction Constructing Analytical Tools A Theory of Religious Differentiation Religion and Value-Changing Processes Muslims and Religious Change in Modern Europe Pluralism and Religious Differentiation A Theory of Social Integration Variables of Assimilation The Process of Assimilation The Assimilation ProfileAnalysis Groups and Factions Crossing the Boundaries 4. Evidence of Interaction Introduction Riots and Reactions The Incident at the Circus Antiochus, Titus and the Jews in Antioch The Paradox of Attraction Converts, Admirers and God-Fearers Ethics, Survival Rates and the Attraction of the Jews Jews, God-Fearers and Civic Authorities The Incident at Antioch The Scholarly Debate Purity and Tithing Circumcision and Table-Fellowship Critique and Revision Circumcision and Oathtaking Christian Identity The Need for a Different Approach Covenant and Conflict The Eschatological Status of Gentiles A Covenant for Gentiles? The Agreement at Jerusalem and the Apostolic Decree Who Ate With Whom 5. Politics and Persecution Introduction Constructing Analytical Tools A Theory of Social Movements Social Movements and Collective Action The Rationality of Social Behaviour The Origin of Social Movements The Mobilisation of Resources Social Movements and Social Conflict Analysis The Call for Collective Action The Socio-Political Situation after the Jewish War Jews, Gentiles and the Fiscus Judaicus in Antioch The Rationality of Separation Christianity as a Social Movement Judaism, Christianity and Ignatius of Antioch Resource Mobilisation and the Gospel of Matthew Federations and the Mission to the Jews Summary and Conclusion Epilogue, Summary and Implications The Main Results of the Study Implications Bibliography Ancient Sources Modern Works Index Index of Subject Index of Passages


Vacuxim-assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM) is a recent, promising composite processing technology, and Seemann Composites Resin Infusion Molding Process (SCRIMP) is a new type of VARTM. SCRIMP has already been used for marine, civil infrastructure, transportation and defense apphcations to produce large composite parts because of its low cost, processing flexibility, high frber-to-resin ratio, and near zero emission o f volatile organic chemicals. The process, however, is not thoroughly understood, and most technologies developed to date are based on experience or trialand-error approaches. Therefore, there is considerable potential for improving the process through greater technical understanding. A systematic smdy o f reaction kinetics and rheological behaviors o f two widely used SCRIMP resins (e.g., unsaturated polyester and vinylester resins) cured at low temperatures is conducted. A differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), and a rheometrics dynamic analyzer (RDA) are used to study the reaction kinetics and rheological behaviors. The effects o f curing agents including initiator, promoter, inhibitor and retarder on the low temperature polymerization are investigated. A model is developed to quantify the effects o f temperature and various curing agents on the gel time. The effects of styrene concentration on curing kinetics o f styrene/vinylester systems are also studied. The microstructure formation in the primary polymer is studied based on the analysis of particle size distribution. An atomic force microscopy (AJFhl) is used to investigate the micrographs and topologies of the cured resins, and an electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscope is used to track the behavior o f free radicals during curing. A series o f welldefined unsaturated polyester resins are used to further study the effects o f resin chemistry on the reaction kinetics and rheological behaviors. Considering the diSusion-controUed propagation reaction, a mechanistic kinetic model is proposed to predict the reaction rate and conversion profiles o f various resins cured at different temperatures. The developed kinetic model in conjunction with a heat transfer model is used to simulate the mold curing process. The results of this research provide a comprehensive analysis tool for optimizing SCRIMP.


Let Ω ⊂ {0, 1}n be a set of binary vectors, and let us associate to each vector ω ∈ Ω a real weight. Consider now the problem of finding a conjunction C such that the sum of the weights of the vectors in Ω satisfying C is maximized. This problem can be formulated as a pseudo-Boolean optimization problem in which every term has degree n. This problem is a generalization of the so-called "maximum pattern problem" and has a natural application in an iterative algorithm for regression with binary predictors. We propose a simple branch-and-bound algorithm for this class of pseudo-Boolean problems and analyze its performance on a number of randomly generated instances. Acknowledgements: We are deeply thankful to Alex Kogan, for helpful discussions on a preliminary version of this text. The first author would like to acknowledge the generous support of a DIMACS Graduate Student Award.


The abilities of three Pseudomonads, Pseudomonas sp. strain LP1, Pseudomonas aeruginosa LP5 and P. aeruginosa LP6 to survive and enhance the degradation of pyrene and non-pyrene hydrocarbons in soil were tested in field-moist microcosms. All three organisms were able to survive and maintain high densities > × 107 in soil. In sterilized soils inoculated with bacterial isolates, 37.34%, 50.30%, and 42.21% were degraded by LP1, LP5, and LP6, respectively. The rates of pyrene degradation in soil microcosms were 0.046, 0.041, and 0.061 mg kg−1 h−1 for LP1, LP5, and LP6, respectively. A mixture of the three isolated degraded 7.73% was degraded in sterilized soil and 87.65% in native unsterilized soil (NS). The isolates also degraded non-pyrene hydrocarbon in the soils by more than 80%. The potentials these pseudomonads isolates for use as seed for bioremediation was successfully demonstrated.


A novel phthalocyanine-sensitized hollow ZnO spheres as an efficient visiblie-light photocatalyst had been prepared successfully. Firstly, a unique hollow ZnO microsphere had been prepared by a facile solvothermal method followed by calcination. Secondly, zinc-tetracarboxyl-phthalocyanine (Pc) impregnated onto the surface of hollow ZnO microsphere. The obtained photocatalyst Pc/ZnO was characterized by XRD, SEM and EDS. The hollow Pc/ZnO hierarchical nanostructure improved the electron-hole separation more effectively and Pc loaded on the surface of ZnO microsphere to enhance photocatalytic activity under visible light. In our photocatalytic experiments, the hollow Pc/ZnO microsphere showed excellent photocatalytic performance under visible light for the removal of Rhodamine B (RhB). As a result, our work provided an effective and green photocatalyst for water treatment.


of lesions induced in the kidneys of rabbits by large doses of cortisone or related steroids, when, for example, it is said that the lesions "resemble those of human diabetic glomerulosclerosis,"" whereas the lesions induced by these steroids are clearly of the nonspecific exudative type and have not been shown to have any definite relation to diabetes. Indeed, superficial resemblances between the cortisone-induced and the human diabetic lesion seem to have been largely responsible for speculations, now increasingly doubted, concerning a possible role of the adrenal cortex in the pathogenesis of renal disease in diabetes. It is, of course, conceivable that the exudative lesion in man may in fact be associated with adrenal cortical activity and yet have no direct relation to diabetes. There are thus three glomerular lesions which may be found in the diabetic kidney (to say nothing of the commonly present arteriolar sclerosis and pyelonephritis) which need to be clearly differentiated both histologically and semantically if confusion is not to arise.


As new members of a culture, Hispanic Spanish dominant mothers must learn a new language as well as adjust to new and different values and expectations. To facilitate culturally sensitive practice, this article revisits a psycho-educational group model (Leon, Mazur, Montalvo & Rodriguez, 1984). This model was originally developed and successfully utilized by the first author in the mental health setting. The article uses the author's group experiences and the existing literature to emphasize the importance of integrating aspects of Hispanic culture in delivering group services to Hispanic immigrant mothers. Cultural and programmatic considerations for the successful development and implementation of a time-limited short-term group model are presented. Through group sessions facilitated by a bilingual therapist, Hispanic mothers are given the opportunities to develop mutual support systems, learn about their community resources and increase their knowledge on child development.


Terahertz and far-infrared spectroscopy in the temperature range, 4–300 K were used to study the normal and superconducting states of superconductor BaFe1.8Co0.2As2 with Tc = 22.5 K. At T < Tc, the vanishing of optical conductivity caused by the unity approach and flat behavior in reflectivity were observed below 45 cm−1. This feature indicates the formation of a superconducting energy gap due to the formation of Cooper pairs. The introduction of the two Drudes model well reproduced the normal state optical conductivity, indicating the multiband nature of this superconductor. Two superconducting energy gaps were estimated as Δ 1 ?> = 2.90 meV and Δ 2 ?> = 6.75 meV by the BCS model. Using the sum rule and dielectric function, the superconducting plasma frequency ( &ohgr; p , s ?> ) can be estimated as 5170 ± 270 cm−1, yielding that the magnetic penetration depth (λ) is 3090 ± 160 Å. This material was observed to fall on the universal scaling line, Nc ∼ 4.4 &sgr; dc T c ?> .


In long-lasting mass concrete structures the desired material properties of the concrete mix to realize a durable concrete and a concrete surface without cracks conflict with each other. The requirement of concrete with high durability leads to high thermal energy release and therefore, as another consequence, to high crack risk. Crack reduction is achieved by use of concrete with low hydration energy, which on the other hand leads to a decrease in concrete durability. Besides from optimized base materials and concrete technology, a gradient material distribution in the cross-section could reduce the problem since durable concrete is needed near the surface and the requirement of low-hydration energy is located in the center of the member. A simplified model is used to investigate the possible effect of a gradient concrete material distribution in mass concrete structures on crack reduction. The results of the analysis show that gradient concrete might contribute to lowering the constraint stresses and therefore the crack risk during concrete hardening.


This study examines the effects of anthocyanin extract of the dried calyces of Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn on the 2, 4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (2, 4-DNPH)-induced toxic side effects in rabbits liver. The side effects of DNPH which include tissue lipid peroxidation and depletion of antioxidant defenses were induced in rabbits with a single intraperitoneal administration of the toxicant (28 mg kg -1 body weight) at


The paper discusses some factors on generator stator windings insulation property. The quality of stator conductor manufacture, insulation wrapping, anti-corona treatment, curing and molding of insulation, could have made some impact on the stator coil. The contaminated surface of the coil will cause leakage current and discharge, severely flashover. A failure in corona protection layer of the end winding reduce party discharge(PD), which could erode the protect lacquer and insulation layer. The thermal ageing causes binder decomposition and insulation delamination, the gap of delamination causes PD. Such factors, such as vibration, thermal stress, magnetic field stress and centrifugal stress, produce the mechanical stress in the insulation. When coils are loose, the damaged surface protection layers cause corona and PD. Stator winding connection structure and other structure could also impact on winding insulation property.


The purpose of the present invention is to provide a compound for thermally conductive sheets, which has excellent thermal conductivity and bondability, while being advantageous in terms of productivity and cost. This method for producing a compound for thermally conductive sheets is characterized by comprising: a first step wherein aggregates are formed from a starting material liquid that contains primary particles of hexagonal boron nitride and primary particles of silicon nitride; a second step wherein secondary particles, in which the primary particles of hexagonal boron nitride and the primary particles of silicon nitride are mixed, are formed by firing the aggregates obtained on the first step; a third step wherein a preliminary mixture is formed by mixing the secondary particles obtained in the second step into a solution of a thermosetting resin composition; and a fourth step wherein the preliminary mixture obtained in the third step is kneaded. This method for producing a compound for thermally conductive sheets is also characterized in that the aggregates are formed by blending the primary particles of hexagonal boron nitride and the primary particles of silicon nitride at a weight ratio within the range from 75:25 to 90:10.


In this globalized world, more and more companies expand their businesses to China,and optimize resources utilization. There are many researches on what the barriers are, and what mode should be chosen to enter Chinese market. In contrast, there's not much study on topics like how a foreign company can survive in the competitive Chinese market, or how to gain more profit after successfully entering Chinese market. Since most high-tech companies use joint venture mode to enter developing cities instead of developed cities in China, the research question for the book is: does improvement of key internal strategic factors in high- technology joint venture firms which entered developing cities in China within five years lead to higher financial performance? The book uses deductive and quantitative methods to analyze data from 99 top managers in high-tech joint venture companies in Tongzhou. The results are found that sales and RD besides, integration is also a correlated factor.


The width of the tropical belt in the upper troposphere is being suspected of latitudinal expansion (e.g. Hu et al., 2007 ; Seidel et al. 2008), with implications in changing the tropical surface climate and the transport of trace gases to the stratosphere. This paper tackles the topic by analysing in-situ data from the airborne programme MOZAIC (Measurements of Ozone, Water Vapour, Nitrogen Oxides and Carbon Monoxide by Airbus In-service Aircraft). From 1994 to 2008, hundreds of flights have sampled meteorological and atmospheric composition parameters of the African tropical upper troposphere. First, a climatology of meteorological parameters, ozone and carbon monoxide is presented. Then, changes with time of the width of the tropical belt defined by different metrics in MOZAIC observations and in ECMWF potential vorticity fields along the flights are investigated. Finally, changes with times of upper tropospheric ozone concentrations are also discussed. Results bring a bunch of indications that confirm important changes of the tropical belt.


A subminiature inertial reaction transducer has been adapted for use at the inner end of a complaint hearing aid eartip. Sound vibrations are imparted to the inner walls of the meatus and actuate the tympanum by air conduction. The structure of the transducer, preferred methods of mounting it, and experimental results will be presented. The sensitivity is greater than that of a conventional bone‐conduction receiver. The frequency response has a characteristic that rises to the natural resonance frequency of the inertial diaphragm. Like a bone‐conduction receiver, the device has the intrinsic advantage of freedom from occlusion of a sound passage by ear wax.


Laser cavity-solitons can appear in systems comprised of a nonlinear microcavity nested within an amplifying fiber loop. These states are robust and self-emergent and constitute an attractive class of solitons that are highly suitable for microcomb generation. Here, we present a detailed study of the free-running stability properties of the carrier frequency and repetition rate of single solitons, which are the most suitable states for developing robust ultrafast and high repetition rate comb sources. We achieve free-running fractional stability on both optical carrier and repetition rate (i.e., 48.9 GHz) frequencies on the order of [Formula: see text] for a 1 s gate time. The repetition rate results compare well with the performance of state-of-the-art (externally driven) microcomb sources, and the carrier frequency stability is in the range of performance typical of modern free-running fiber lasers. Finally, we show that these quantities can be controlled by modulating the laser pump current and the cavity length, providing a path for active locking and long-term stabilization.


The electrochemical behaviour of sodium p-sulfonatocalix[4]arene (s-psc4) was studied. In this study ionic liquid/water mixtures were used as electrolyte, namely, [BMIM][BF4]/water mixture and [BMIM][OTf]/water mixture ([BMIM] = 1 -butyl 3-methyl imidazolium, BF 4 = tetrafluoroborate, OTf = trifluoromethanesulfonate). S-psc 4 can be oxidised at 0.84 V and 0.83 V in [BMIM][BF 4]/water and [BMIM][OTf]/water respectively. The reaction is an irreversible process for both systems. The number of electron transferred in this electrochemical process is one electron and the diffusion coefficient, (D) for both systems was 1.15 × 10-8 cm2 s-1 and 1.67 × 10-8 cm2 s-1 respectively. The anodic potentials were affected by temperature and the activation energy, (Ed) was 18.18 kJ mol-1 and 18.78 kJ mol-1 in [BMIM][BF4]/water mixture and [BMIM][OTf/water mixture respectively.


The invention relates to a lifting platform of a vacuum board loader. The lifting platform of the vacuum board loader comprises an L-shaped platform body and a screw rod which is in threaded connection with the lower portion of the platform body. The lifting platform is characterized in that the platform body comprises a vertical part on the upper portion and a horizontal part on the lower portion; the horizontal part is further provided with a threaded sleeve; the screw rod is disposed in the threaded sleeve in a threaded mode; the top surface of the vertical part is an object carrying table; the vertical part is further connected to a guide way vertically arranged; the screw rod is driven to rotate through a motor. By means of the screw rod and the motor, any height different value compensation of the lifting platform can be achieved. By means of a guide column and guiding sleeve structure, moving stability of the platform body during lifting can be achieved. By means of guide wheels and the vertical guide way, the whole structure of the platform body is not prone to tilt, the stress is more balanced, and L-shaped stress balance is guaranteed.


The invention relates to a driving mechanism for a bypass reversing baffle plate of a waste heat boiler. The driving mechanism comprises a torque tube, a front supporting seat, a front bearing seat, a front shaft, a front bearing, a back cover, a back bearing, a back bearing seat, a back supporting seat and a back shaft, wherein the front supporting seat and the back supporting seat are welded onthe outer surfaces of the front and back sides of a three-way shell respectively; the front bearing seat and the back bearing seat are fixedly arranged in the front supporting seat and the back supporting seat respectively; the front shaft is supported and assembled in the front bearing seat through the front bearing, and is sealed through a front sealing assembly; the back shaft is supported andassembled in the back bearing seat through the back bearing, and is sealed through the back cover; the two ends of the torque tube are fixedly connected with the front shaft and the back shaft respectively; a driving wheel for driving the front shaft, the torque tube and the back shaft to rotate is arranged on the front shaft; and the torque tube is connected with the reversing baffle plate. The driving mechanism has a simple and reliable structure, high sealing performance and long service life, and external dust can be effectively prevented from flowing inwards.


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The total cost of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) in the US including costs of hospital and outpatient treatment of treatment of ectopic pregnancy and infertility and including lost productivity is estimated at $4.2 billion for 1990. The methods and data used in the estimation are described: hospital costs were based on California sources. Hospital Discharge Survey data National Disease Therapeutic Index data and National Health Survey of Physician Visits data were accessed to estimate numbers of women treated in hospitals clinics and emergency departments. There were 200000 women hospitalized for PID in 1987-88 and 44000 ectopic pregnancies 1/2 caused by PID. The total cost of treating PID in 1990 is estimated at $2.7 billion 77% for inpatient and outpatient care 14% for ectopic pregnancy and 9% for infertility. Hospital and physician charges amounted to over 80% of this amount. Other indirect cost were estimated at $1.5 billion for lost wages and lost value of household management and 14% for premature death. The average cost of hospitalization for PID was $7200; the cost of outpatient treatment was about $200. Evaluation of infertility cost an estimated $3700. The proportion of women treated on an outpatient basis and the proportion of costs covered by public hospitals as opposed to private insurance have both increased in recent years.


This dissertation explores both the production of underclass literature and the vibrancy of material between 1868-1935. During an era of rampant materialism, consumer capitalism, unchecked industrialism, and economic inequality in the United States, poor, working class Americans confronted their socioeconomic status by abandoning the linear framework of capitalism that draws only a straight line between market and consumer, and engaging in a more intimate relationship with local, material things – found, won, or inherited – that offered a sense of autonomy, belonging, and success. The physical seizure of property/power facilitated both men and women with the ability to recognize their own empowerment (both as individuals and as a community) and ultimately resist their marginalization by leveling access to opportunity and acquiring or creating personal assets that could be generationally transferred as affirmation of their family's power and control over circumstance. Reading into these personal possessions helps us understand the physical and psychological conflicts present amongst the underclasses as represented in American literature, and these conflicts give rise to new dynamics of belonging as invested in the transformative experience of ownership and exchange. If we can understand these discarded, poor, and foreign things and people as possessing dynamic and vibrant agency, then we will change the ethics of objectifying and ostracizing discarded, poor, and foreign humans, then and now.


A study to assess the effect o f Mucuna pruriens mulch on the growth and yield o f maize was conducted at the Crop Science Department, University o f Ghana, Legon from October 1994 to June 1998. Treatments comprised maize plants in Mucuna pruriens mulch plots and no-mulch plots superimposed with nitrogen rates of 0, 50, 100 and 200kg/ha arranged in a split plot design, with three replications. Maize plants in the mulch plots grew faster and yielded more than maize plants in plots without the mulch. However, the addition o f 50kg/ha o f inorganic nitrogen fertilizer to mulch plots gave the highest grain yield. The decomposition rate of the Mucuna forage was moderate compared to values stated for other legumes elsewhere. Mulching with the Mucuna led to higher soil moisture content, lower soil temperature, lower weed growth, lower bulk density, lower acidity and higher levels of soil organic matter and nitrogen. Second season maize grown on the residual mulch plots yielded significantly higher compared to those grown on the no-mulch plots. However, the yield was lower than that obtained from the first season mulched plot. The result clearly indicates that Mucuna pruriens is a good source of mulch material for planting maize in the first season followed by another one in the second season. ii University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh


Oxidation of porous zinc sulfide pellets, composed of fine grains having log-normal size distributions, was carried out using a differential flow reactor under oxygen partial pressure of 1-16 kPa and temperature of 953-ll 13K. Theoverall conversion rate data were represented by a simple powerlaw rate expression. Thereaction order with respect to the solid reactant varied with the standard deviation of the grain size distribution. This variation agreed well with the theoretical prediction by the grain model accounting for grain size distribution. The reaction order with respect to the gaseous reactant was 1/2. The surface rate constant was then found to be correlated in an Arrhenius equation. Therate constant agreed well with that for oxidation of sphalerite single crystals by other workers as well as with the rate constant reproduced from the data in the literature on oxidation of porous pelleted zinc sulfide. Hydrolysis of diethyl succinate as a consecutive reaction was investigated in a batch slurry reactor catalysed by cation exchangeresin. Twomodels, one realistic and one simplified, were derived. The differences between the models were not significant under the conditions of this study, and both showed good agreement with experimental data. The catalytic activities for gel-type resins were higher than for a macroreticular (MR)-type resin and a free acid. For gel-type resins, the reaction rate per equivalent increased as crosslinking decreased.


Abstract A complex malformation of the heart was diagnosed by fetal echocardiography at 27 weeks of gestation. The study of the relationship of the abdominal great vessels, showing the inferior caval vein anterior and to the left of the aorta, made possible the diagnosis of right isomerism. This inferential guide to the arrangement of the thoraco abdominal organs proves to be as valid in the fetus as it is in the neonate and child. The examination of the abdominal great vessels as part of the fetal scan is of great value, enabling us to counsel mothers appropriately in the light of the poor prognosis of neonates with isomerism of atrial appendages and complex intracardiac lesions.


The phase diagram of equimolar blends of AB and CD diblock copolymers has been studied using dissipative particle dynamics. All unlike blocks interacted with the same χ, except for the B-C interaction, for which χBC < 0 in order to prevent macrophase separation. The BC interaction was able to prevent macrophase separation except for low volume fractions of B and C (φBC ⪅ 0.1) and relatively equal fractions of A and D. For high φBC (φBC ⪆ 0.92), a disordered state was obtained. For all microphase separated states the shapes/morphologies were described by the ratios of the eigenvalues of the radius of gyration tensor and their sphericity. These were used to classify the domains as forming sphere, cylinders, lamellae, or branched/gyroidal structures. For φBC < 0.5 the BC domains acted as an interfacial region which compatibilized the A and D domains, while for φBC > 0.5 the BC domain filled in the space between A and D domains. Several interesting structures were formed including a novel connected/branched spheres morphology, hierarchical lamellae, concentric spheres/cylinders, and a combination of cylinders/lamellae. Comparisons are made with the linear diblock and linear triblock phase diagrams.


A red pigment which was isolated from cultures of A. ochraceus WILH. IFM 4443 gave neoaspergillic acid (II) and ferric hydroxide by hydrolysis. The mass spectrum of this pigment suggested that three molecules of neoaspergillic acid and one atom of iron made the pigment. β-Hydroxyneoaspergillic acid (V) was also obtained from the same fungus. Its structure was deduced by its spectral evidence and by reduction to deoxy-β-hydroxy-neoaspergillic acid (IV).


Keefer reviews progress made in understanding the effects of different dimensions of governance on economic development, and the sources of good governance. The term governance has been used to embrace concepts that are heterogeneous both with respect to their effects on economic development and their genesis. Future progress in developing policy responses to bad governance will depend on separately examining these heterogeneous elements-the security of property rights, the quality of bureaucratic performance, corruption, voice, and accountability. Future progress will also depend on explicitly linking problems of governance to the overarching political environment and the incentives of governments to correct those problems.


Seasonal variations can affect the concentration of trace elements, and the change in their concentrations can affect the natural productivity of freshwater aquaculture ponds. Hence, we studied the seasonal variations of the 12 pre‐selected trace elements (Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn, Se, Ca, Mg, P, S, Al, Si) and their relationships with primary and secondary productivity in two aged ponds, stocked with three different life stages of marron (Cherax cainii), for a period of 1 year. Trace element analysis was performed by using (Agilent, ICP‐OES). Except Co and Se, all trace elements, and primary and secondary productivity were influenced by seasonal variation. The pond age significantly influenced the concentrations of some trace elements. On a seasonal basis, trace elements were positively correlated with the plankton abundance, species diversity, and wet and dry plankton weights. Seasonal variations and pond age affected the dissolved concentrations of trace elements and plankton productivity.


The 70 eV mass spectra of a number of derivatives of 3,5-diphenul-1,2,4-oxadiazole substituted either in the 5-phenyl (fifteen) or in the 3-phenyl (four) position, have been studied using exact mass measurements and metastable determinations by the defocusing technique. The substituent effects on the heterocyclic cleavage are not very important for electron-withdrawing and weak electron-donating groups. The main cleavage is the formal retro 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition with the positive charge retained by the C7H5NO (orYC7H4NO in the case of the 3-substituted derivatives) fragment specifically containing the 3-phenyl, as oreviously observed for 3,5-diphenyl-1,2,4-oxadiazole using labelling experiments. Two other minor primary processes leading to benzoyl and nitrile ions, both containing the 5-phenyl, become important in the case of the electron-donating substituted compounds. Correlation of the abundance of these fragmednts and of the molecular ions with σ+(para) Brown constants is discussed. Proximity effets are shown by some ortho derivatives.


Higher education is a career which is meant to cultivate and bring up successful persons to a country. By education and influence on human being,the Chinese Communist Party realizes thoroughly that the higher education has a vital value to the improvement of people's livelihood. The critical purpose of establishing higher education is to improve people's livelihood,which has been demonstrated before the founding of PRC. After the founding of PRC,higher education plays a great role in satisfying the people's right of accepting education. After the implement of reforming and open- up policy,our Party and government make the education on the top of the list of establishing social livelihood. Higher education has obsessed more care and concern than ever before. Its value on social livelihood has also been stressed that before.


Many recent methods for unsupervised representation learning involve training models to be invariant to different "views," or transformed versions of an input. However, designing these views requires considerable human expertise and experimentation, hindering widespread adoption of unsupervised representation learning methods across domains and modalities. To address this, we propose viewmaker networks: generative models that learn to produce input-dependent views for contrastive learning. We train this network jointly with an encoder network to produce adversarial $\ell_p$ perturbations for an input, which yields challenging yet useful views without extensive human tuning. Our learned views, when applied to CIFAR-10, enable comparable transfer accuracy to the the well-studied augmentations used for the SimCLR model. Our views significantly outperforming baseline augmentations in speech (+9% absolute) and wearable sensor (+17% absolute) domains. We also show how viewmaker views can be combined with handcrafted views to improve robustness to common image corruptions. Our method demonstrates that learned views are a promising way to reduce the amount of expertise and effort needed for unsupervised learning, potentially extending its benefits to a much wider set of domains.


The purpose of this research study is to examine the location and amount of affordable housing in Dakota County, Minnesota for the years 2006 and 2010 and the changes occurring between these years. The analysis is segmented. The research utilizes parcel level data for owner-occupied units, and address-based data for rental units and manufactured housing units. This report uses findings to produce analyses, maps and spreadsheets detailing community-level, and county-level data associated with this research. The maps show all 34 communities in Dakota County and the corresponding location and amount of affordable housing in these communities for the time period 2006 and 2010. The data associated with this analysis are a "snapshot" in time, with the accompanying data corresponding to these time periods. The results of this analysis show the total amount of affordable housing in Dakota County as well as the changes.


BACKGROUND: Synthetic ligands have conventionally been used for the preparation of homogenous Rh complex catalyst but biomass has rarely been utilized for this purpose. In the present investigation, plant tannins (natural polyphenols) were used as water-soluble ligands for the preparation of homogenous Rh3+ complex catalysts.

RESULTS: Based on X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (HNMR) analyses, the preparation mechanism of these complex catalysts was proven to involve chelating interactions between Rh3+ and the adjacent phenolic hydroxyls of plant tannins. As a result, the use of plant tannin promoted aqueous-organic biphasic interactions and the plant tannin-chelated Rh3+ complex catalysts exhibited much higher catalytic activity than commercial Rh complex catalysts in the biphasic hydrogenation of quinoline. Furthermore, the plant tannin-chelated Rh3+ complex can be reused three times without significant loss of catalytic activity

CONCLUSION: Our experimental results suggested that black wattle tannin (BWT) can be used as water-soluble ligands for the preparation of highly active and recyclable Rh3+ complex catalysts. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry


Objective:  Consensus operational definitions for symptomatic remission and recovery of a major depressive episode have been proposed but only irregularly followed.


In this paper, we proposed a new method to find dive parameters of an ellipse from the optical Hough transform (HT) results. The method employs the HT for detection of a straight line and the one-dimensional analysis of the resultant parameter domain. Using this algorithm, we simulated about the ellipses with different positions, and obtained the information of the ellipse with 94% accuracy in the worst case. To compare the simulation results with the experimental ones, we performed optical experiments using a HT Computer Generated Hologram (CGH) filter. Through the experiments, we showed that our results were very similar to the simulation results.


We report herein a child with transfusion‐dependent chronic anemia, the cause of which was difficult to establish because of his transfusion dependency. The clinical and laboratory features suggested a chronic nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia (CNSHA) with bone marrow features suggestive of congenital dyserythropoietic anemia (CDA). DNA studies, however, revealed the underlying condition to be due to a novel mutation in the PKLR gene responsible for pyruvate kinase deficiency (PKD). Molecular investigations by a targeted next‐generation sequencing (t‐NGS) using a custom panel of 71 genes involved in the red blood cell (RBC) disorders revealed that the patient was homozygous for a novel missense mutation c.898G>C, p.Ala300Pro, whereas both his parents were heterozygous for the same mutation.


The playful behaviour of laboratory rats (Rattus norvegicus) was investigated in litters of five individuals with the mother present; parallel observations were made on mice (Mus musculus). Seven mixed litters containing four young rats and a young mouse fostered at birth were also observed.

Solitary play was recorded in both species and took a similar form but social play was only observed in rats. In rats, solitary play frequently preceeded social play.

The behavioural elements involved in the social play of Rattus norvegicus were described, and the majority of these were the playful equivalent of adult agonistic behaviour elements. These social play elements were found to be organized into definite sequences which differed from those of adult aggression. Each behavioural element was found to act as a social releaser.

Young mice did not respond playfully to social play from a rat litter mate; mice were less attractive to rats as playmates in comparison with fellow rats.


In this paper, we demonstrate the vulnerabilities of learning-based algorithms for perception-based autonomy as applied to unmanned aerial systems (UAS). We present an attack framework to compromise the controls of a UAS, which uses a deep neural network (DNN) to track different types of targets in varying terrains. The DNN uses the UAS camera image as input to estimate the six degree-of-freedom (6D) pose of the target relative to the UAS. The UAS flight-controller uses the estimated relative 6D pose to output the motor throttle commands to maintain a specified relative height while keeping the target in the center of the camera's frame. The attacker's objective is to reduce the height of the UAS relative to the target in a controlled fashion (e.g., so as to obtain unauthorized physical access to the UAS). This is achieved by dynamically modifying the texture of the target in the environment. To this end, the attacker uses a digital poster to generate the adversarial tracking target remotely. The digital poster has an integrated camera to estimate the UAS pose relative to the poster. The digital poster continuously adapts to the UAS pose while being robust to lighting variations. The attack is effectively demonstrated on the Virtual Robotics Experimentation Platform (V-REP) in a custom-developed environment testbed.


A sewage pond of Nanning, Guangxi Province in China was purified by using the superior complex strains. The effects to EM in the polluted water caused by environmental factors, such as pH value and water temperature were investigated. The removal properties of various major water quality indicators of polluted pond treated by EM technic were studied with a pilot unit. The experiment result showed that the various major pollution indicators had attained water quality standard according to GB12941-91. EM technic is easy to operate and cheap. It is a new method and technic for wastewater stabilization pond.


ABSTRACT High-performing athletes possess the ability to read the game, which is known as the "sports brain." The purpose of this study was to investigate differences in athletes' cognitive functions across sports and to identify the dominant cognitive functions in each type of sport. We classified sports as interceptive, static, or strategic. A total of 120 individuals participated in this study, including 30 boxers (interceptive), 30 competitive shooters (static), 30 soccer players (strategic), and 30 non-athletes. To measure the executive function (inhibition and cognitive flexibility), spatial ability, and information processing speed of the participants, we administered the trail making test (TMT), mental rotation test (MRT), design fluency test (DFT), flanker task (FKT), and tests of simple reaction time (SRT) and choice reaction time (CRT) using an original computer program. We found differences in dominant cognitive functions across sport types. Athletes in interceptive sports demonstrated advanced visuospatial functioning and processing speed, while athletes in strategic sports showed superior executive function, including working memory and cognitive flexibility. Athletes in static sports demonstrated the fastest visuo-perceptual processing among all groups. This study's findings provide an understanding of the cognitive characteristics of athletes in interceptive, strategic, and static sports, which can aid in the discovery and recruitment of athletes based on their cognitive skills.


We consider Riemann problems for a two-phase isothermal flow model of a dispersed phase in a compressible carrier phase. It is a weakly hyperbolic system of conservative partial differential equations. This model is the conservation part of a more complete physical model involving phase transitions in case both phases are of the same material. The purpose of this paper is to better understand the mathematical properties of the simplified model. We investigate the characteristic structure of the Riemann problems and construct their exact solutions. Solutions may contain delta shocks or vaporless states. We give examples for initial data corresponding to a system of water bubbles dispersed in liquid water. The analysis is complicated considerably by the fact that a liquid such as water requires an affine equation of state.


The atmospheric reconstruction based on a flush air data system requires knowledge of the surface pressure distribution, which depends on various factors such as the Mach number, angle of attack, a...


Business intelligence (BI) is becoming very important managerial issue. Its importance has been especially recognized in development of analytically-based decision-making capabilities. So, the aim of the paper is to present the impact and importance of BI systems for decision-making process. By using random sample of 68 most successful Croatian companies we provide current state of the art of BI in Croatia, as well as recognize future moves that are needed to improve decision-making practice at various hierarchical levels.


For a jet incident on a porous wall at which the normal fluid speed is specified, it is found that the problem of determining the free surface of the jet is governed by a system of nonlinear integral equations relating the flow angles on the boundary, on the free surface, and on the porous wall. With a constant normal speed at the porous wall, the system reduces to an integral equation for the flow angle, which is solved numerically; and a comparison with previous results is made. Numerical results, corresponding to different nonconstant normal jet speeds along the porous wall, are also presented. The extension of this formulation to include the effect of gravity is also given.


Urban areas around the world are playing critical role in making wealth, attractive social development and, drawing investment. Cities play a serious role in driving the transition to sustainable development and promise better access to improved social infrastructure such as health, education, culture and entertainment among others and a range of physical infrastructure namely water, power, sewerage, sanitation, roads and transportation to upgrade the quality of life of its inhabitants. As countries develop, cities and urban settlements account for a larger share of the national income. Thus the concern of the study was to illustrate lessons for India on Urban Development approach with the help of studding changing global scenario in not only to developed countries but as well as developing countries. The study concluded with very useful reflection on our own policies and work towards redesigning Urban Development approach. Index term: Urban Development, Urban Development Policy, Urbanization, Industrialization, Decentralization, Infrastructure.


Over the past 10 years, healthcare providers involved in the management of metastatic colorectal cancer (MCRC) have seen an explosion in new agents and their combinations. These developments have resulted in an expansion in the options of care for MCRC patients and in a significant improvement in their overall survival. This article reviews the current role of anti-EGFR monoclonal antibodies in the management of MCRC and the identification of recent markers of response that lead towards treatment individualization.


Despite the predominance of sleep during the perinatal period in mammals, most investigations of the mechanisms and functions of sleep continue to focus on adults. This chapter reviews recent progress in our understanding of infant sleep and its development, including developmental transitions in the temporal expression of ultradian and circadian rhythms, the developmental emergence of sleep components (e.g., cortical delta activity), the neural mechanisms of infant sleep, and the contributions of sleep processes to neural development. In addition, it is argued that a thorough understanding of the development of sleep can help us to understand the relations between normal and pathological states as well as the evolutionary modifi cation of developmental mechanisms to shape species-specifi c features of sleep and wakefulness.


In early 1785, Stephen Girard wrote despairingly to his brother Jean, then in the French colony of Saint-Domingue, "Despite my efforts, if it is not a physical ailment, it is of the mind. I fear to have lost forever the peace which a certain success should procure for life in this world." Writing from Philadelphia, Stephen, a Franco–American merchant, was clearly troubled by limits on his success. But this was no commercial limitation. While many mercantile houses faced failure in the postwar depression of the mid-1780s, Stephen Girard's was not among them. As a merchant, Stephen's ships, and the correspondence and commodities they carried, knit together the ports of the revolutionary Atlantic. Not all of his ventures were successful, but he managed to keep business afloat. Yet, just as he often struggled to control cargoes that crisscrossed turbulent oceans, the tumult that Stephen experienced in the mid-1780s affected him at home. After eight years of marriage, Stephen and his wife Mary's union had begun to deteriorate. Indeed, his primary concern in this letter stemmed from his domestic troubles. Commercial failure was not disturbing Stephen's peace in 1785; the trouble was his wife. By the mid-1780s, Mary had gone mad.1


In this contribution we start by proving and generalizing a conjecture that has been established few decades ago, relating the value of the integral of the detachment/attachment density in two pictures - one accounting for transition-induced basis relaxation and one which does not account for such a relaxation. To this end, we combine an extension to Cauchy's interlacing theorem and a brother theorem that we bring in the paper. Using this result together with a corollary to Lidskii-Wielandt theorem allows us to derive an upper bound for the electronic charge that is effectively displaced during the molecular electronic transition from one quantum state to another. This quantity can be regarded as the neat charge that has been transferred during the transition. Our derivations show that this boundary value can be determined from a simple singular value decomposition and two trace operations.


This paper aims to deliver a better understanding of the relationship between the physical and virtual, two dimensional and three dimensional representations of form that are employed in the critical early stages of design. It presents findings from observations of practice undertaken to provide an initial dataset on how designers move between these representations, and of the kind and quantity of information they choose to exchange between them. Informed by these findings, and in response to the emerging need for new methods of sketching and prototyping in the digital era, it will also present a new proposal for hybrid virtual/physical digital design practice based on a significant modification of an earlier approach.


In this work, resistive switching and synaptic behaviors of a TiO2/Al2O3 bilayer device were studied. The deposition of Pt/Ti/TiO2/Al2O3/TiN stack was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy X-ray dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The initial state before the forming process followed Fowler-Nordheim (FN) tunneling. A strong electric field was applied to Al2O3 with a large energy bandgap for FN tunneling, which was confirmed by the I-V fitting process. Bipolar resistive switching was conducted by the set process in a positive bias and the reset process in a negative bias. High-resistance state (HRS) followed the trap-assisted tunneling (TAT) model while low-resistance state (LRS) followed the Ohmic conduction model. Set and reset operations were verified by pulse. Moreover, potentiation and depression in the biological synapse were verified by repetitive set pulses and reset pulses. Finally, the device showed good pattern recognition accuracy (~88.8%) for a Modified National Institute of Standards and Technology (MNIST) handwritten digit database in a single layer neural network including the conductance update of the device.


The invention provides novel compounds of the formula: in wherein m is 1 or 2, R6 and R7, which can be the same or different are H or an alkyl group of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or wherein n is 0 to 4, R1 and R2 which can be the same or different are H, OH, alkoxy of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, benzyloxy or methoxymethoxy; R3 is H, OH, halogen, alkoxy of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, benzyloxy, methoxymethoxy, 2,3-dihydroxypropoxy or can form an N-containing three-, four-, five- or six-membered heterocyclic ring; R4 is OH, F, Cl, Br, I, mesyloxy, tosyloxy, formyloxy, alkylcarbonyloxy of 1 to 4 carbon atoms or CH2R4 is replaced by CHO; R5 is H or OH; or R4 and R5 together form an -O- bridge between the carbon atoms to which they are attached, and their non-toxic pharmaceutically acceptable salts and esters and mixtures thereof. Processes for the preparation of these compounds are described, and also novel pharmaceutical compositions containing them. These compounds exhibit valuable pharmacological properties as estrogenic, anti-estrogenic, and progestanic agents. They are also effective against oestrogen-dependent tumours. Certain compounds are useful as chemical intermediates for the preparation of pharmacologically active compounds of the invention.


been paid in Japan or elsewhere to the role of wood" in that society (p. 295) and then goes on to credit Conrad Totman's The Green Archipelago (1989)—and his other works—with providing an overdue corrective. This overlooks the vast body of Japanese-language studies by Tsutsui Michio, Tokoro Mitsuo, Shimada Kinzo, and others, works on which Totman drew heavily. Originally published in German in 2007 under the title Holz, Radkau's English-language version suffers from a workmanlike, but sometimes stilted translation. "Wood Talk," a concluding section of quotations dealing with forests that date from ancient times to the present, dangles incongruously at the end. On the other hand, the numerous, well-chosen illustrations that appear throughout the work are eye-catching and of real value. This is a work that social historians might be inclined to overlook, but they should not. The skill with which Radkau shows how interwoven with society the use of wood has been and how these inter-relationships have varied from place to place and over time makeWood a study that should be widely read.


Existing cellular networks suffer from inflexible and expensive equipment, complex control-plane protocols, and vendor-specific configuration interfaces. In this position paper, we argue that software defined networking (SDN) can simplify the design and management of cellular data networks, while enabling new services. However, supporting many subscribers, frequent mobility, fine-grained measurement and control, and real-time adaptation introduces new scalability challenges that future SDN architectures should address. As a first step, we propose extensions to controller platforms, switches, and base stations to enable controller applications to (i) express high-level policies based on subscriber attributes, rather than addresses and locations, (ii) apply real-time, fine-grained control through local agents on the switches, (iii)perform deep packet inspection and header compression on packets, and (iv)remotely manage shares of base-station resources.


Bloom filters are widely used in networking to accelerate checks and in particular to avoid accessing slow memories when a match will not be found. Unfortunately, filtering requires several on-chip memory bits per element and thus when the tables are large and the on-chip memory small is not applicable. In those cases, caching the most frequently accessed elements on-chip seems the only viable option. However, the key is typically formed by several packet header fields, which means that each cache entry consumes a significant amount of on-chip memory bits. In this paper, an efficient scheme to cache negatives, that is elements that will not find a match on the table is presented. In more detail, the proposed scheme enables the caching of negatives using less than 16 bits per entry regardless of the size of the key. This translates to a reduction of at least 6x in the size of the cache when used for example flow tracking.


ABSTRACT Given that consultation has consistently yielded benefits for clients and consultees, it is likely an effective method of promoting family-school engagement. Thus, this meta-analysis examined the effects of consultation-based family-school engagement on child and parent outcomes, and complementary intervention methods used in conjunction with consultation. This study also sought to advance consultation research via a contemporary meta-analytic technique, robust variance estimation (RVE). Analyses yielded significant effects of consultation-based family-school engagement on children's social-behavioral competence (δ = 0.34), mental health (δ = 0.37), and academic achievement (δ = 0.27). Significant effects for parent practices (δ = 0.53), parent attitudes (δ = 0.49), and relational outcomes (δ = 0.37) were also found. Complementary intervention methods revealed significant effects across various child, parent, and relational outcomes. Results indicate benefits of consultation-based family-school engagement for key outcomes and have implications for utilizing complementary methods to augment the net effects of consultation for valuable stakeholders.


To establish the feasibility of estimating the fragmentation of the solid rock, we carded out investigations at the Bereznikovskit potash mine in the Verktmekamsk deposit. The change in the strength properties of the rock was determined by measuring the relative change in capacitance and electrical resistance of the solid rock before and after blasting. We assumed that the dielectric constant was C=~f(d; l), and that the electrical resistance was given by a similar equation, R= pf(a; O, where C is the capacitance, s is the dielectric constant, d is the diameter of the contact, ! is the distance between contacts, R is the total resistance, and p is the resistivity. Then the relative changes in the dielectric constant and the resistivity are d=CdC~ and p' =RjR~, where s' and p' are the relative values of the dielectric constant and resistivity, Ct and C 2 are the measured capacitancesbefore and afterblasting, and R~ and R z are the measured resistances before and after blasting.


We consider steady-state motions of a rigid body with a blade in the atmosphere. We search for the steady-state motions in which the body is rotating with constant angular velocity and its center of mass is moving with constant speed along a helical curve, the axis of this curve being vertical and parallel to the angular velocity of the body. First, we consider two particular cases, (i) where the body does not rotate and its center of mass moves along an inclined line (this motion is referred to as the plane motion) and (ii) where the body rotates and its center of mass moves along vertical line (this motion is referred to as the trivial motion). After that, the general case of helical motion is considered in which the center of mass of the body moves along a helical curve. Numerical examples are presented.


Peritoneal pregnancy is relatively rare and accounts for approximately 1% of all ectopic pregnancies. Accurately diagnosing peritoneal pregnancy before surgery is difficult; thus, gynecologists may encounter the disease accidentally. Many studies have reported that peritoneal pregnancy is preoperatively diagnosed as tubal pregnancy. The implantation sites varied in each case. In some cases, the implantation sites can be close to other organs such as the rectum, ureter, and bladder. Thus, it is important for operators to take measures to not injure the organs. Here, we report a case of peritoneal pregnancy implanted on the pouch of Douglas inside of the right uterosacral ligament. The gestational sac did not develop in the abdominal space but developed in the retroperitoneal space; thus, it should have been near the rectum. When laparoscopy was initiated, the positional relationship between the rectum and gestational sac was unclear. We inserted a reusable surgical probe (Rectal Sonde ® ) into the rectum and moved it slowly and carefully and assessed the positional relationship. We safely removed the gestational sac. A reusable surgical probe for the rectum has been reported to be useful for laparoscopic adhesiolysis of the posterior cul-de-sac obliteration associated with endometriosis. We reported the usefulness of the probe in laparoscopic surgery to remove ectopic gestational sacs near the rectum.


229 | P a g e Abstract—Cancer is a class of diseases in which a set of cells display uncontrolled growth, invasion that interrupts upon and demolishes nearby tissues, and occasionally metastasis, or spreading to other locations in the body via lymph or blood. Cancer has become one of the dangerous diseases in the present scenario. DNA microarrays turn out to be an effective tool utilized in molecular biology and cancer diagnosis. Microarrays can be utilized to determine the comparative amount of particular mRNAs in two or more tissue samples for thousands of genes concurrently. As the supremacy of this technique has been identified, various open queries arise about suitable examination of microarray data. The multicategory cancer classification is playing a vital role in the field of medical sciences. As the numbers of cancer victims are increasing steadily, the necessity of the cancer classification techniques has become indispensible. For the above impenetrability and to obtain better consequences of the system with accuracy a new learning algorithm called Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) is used. ELM overcomes difficulties such as local minima, inappropriate learning rate and over fitting usually occurred by iterative learning techniques and performs the training rapidly. In this approach, the performance of the ELM is improved through the use of Analytic Network Process (ANP) and Levenberg Marquardt training algorithm. This approach also utilizes the error free ANOVA techniques in the preprocessing stage. This paper represents that ANOVA technique can be utilized to normalize microarray data and afford determination of alterations in gene expression that are corrected for potential perplexing effects. The proposed technique is evaluated with the help of Lymphoma data set. The experimental result represents that proposed technique results in better classification accuracies with lesser training time and implementation complexity compared to conventional techniques. Keyword--ELM, ANOVA, Cancer Classification and Gene Expression, Fast ELM, ANP.


ObjectiveTo observe the effect of auricular acupuncture combined with physical therapy on motor function of stroke patients.Methods40 stroke patients were divided randomly into trial group and control group with 20 cases in each group. Patients of trail group were treated with auricular acupuncture combined with physical therapy; cases of control group were treated only with physical therapy. Motor function of all patients were assessed with Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA) before and after treatment.ResultsFMA scores of patients of trial group increased significantly compared with that of control group (P0.01).ConclusionEffect of auricular acupuncture combined with physical therapy is better than that of single physical therapy on motor function of the stroke patients.


This chapter considers the challenges of treatment decision-making for patients with incurable disease and the benefits of having a neutral space for reflection. Though respect for patients' autonomy, shared decision-making, and informed consent are considered to be central to modern healthcare, adherence to these principles may seem illusory when patients are desperate and when the risks and benefits of treatment are ambiguous. The potential challenges to patient autonomy and informed consent are explored in this chapter, with particular reference to the context of phase one trials. In this setting, the intent of the treatment may easily be misconstrued by patients (therapeutic misconception) and the chances of benefits versus risks incorrectly estimated by them (therapeutic misestimation). This chapter explores the value of Managing Cancer and Living Meaningfully (CALM) in providing a neutral space for reflection and in allowing patients to explore their preferences regarding treatment while also considering the views of their healthcare providers and family members.


We compute periodic, analytic and local cyclic cohomology for convolution algebras of compact Lie groups in order to exhibit differences between these theories. A surprising result is that the periodic and analytic cyclic cohomology of the smooth convolution algebras differ, although these algebras have finite homological dimension.


The study was carried out at the farm of the College of Animal Production of Science and Technology,at Hillat Kuku, during the period of 7-4-2014 to 7-6-2014.The aim of the study was to evaluate Moringa oleifera leaf meal (MLM) as alternative cheap source of protein in the diets of Arbaicher grower broiler chicken breed and also the study was aimed to find out the effect of Moringaoleifera on body weight of broilers and on blood parameters. Two hundred chickens, aged 21 days were used; the chickens were divided into four groups; a control group and three experimental groups. The four experimental groups provided consecutively with%0, 2%%4 and 5%M. oleifera leave /kg of feed daily for 21 days (Finisher diet), which was added to their daily feed, and the control group was fed a diet without M. oleifera. The results showed significant variations in the final body and daily weight gain. Group Dbirds recorded the highest values for packed cell volume(PCV), hemoglobin concentration(Hb), and red blood cells (RBCs), values were 42.70%, 4.310/m ×and16.2 respectively. Group C have recorded the highest values for mean cell hemoglobin concentration (MCHC).Significant differences were noticed for the red blood cells (RBCs) count, hemoglobin (Hb) and MCHC values among groups while no significant differences were observed between the control andgroup D. The mean values for PCV in group C and D were high while birds on the control diet had the least PCV value of 23.7 %. Similarly birds of group B had the highest RBC value of 2.73 ± 1.13 x106/m. and highest HB value of 17.32 + 0.70, the least values were obtained by group C birds.


A new species of Cyrtodactylus of Gekkonidae family, assigned to the Cyrtodactylus irregularis complex on the basis of twelve specimens collected from the Chu Yang Sin National Park, Krong Bong District, Dac Lac Province, central Vietnam is described. Forms of C. irregularis complex inhabiting an extensive territory, covering the southern part of the Annamite Mountains and Central Highlands, their distribution and variation are discussed; a detailed description of the type specimens of C. irregularis complex and a description of a new species are given.


The world-war, with its immediate political and social results, has exerted a profound influence upon present-day industrial movements and policies. This influence hlas not been of the nature of a radical revolution in methods of production, as was that associated with the great mechanical inventions of a century and more ago, commonly known as the Industrial Revolution. Alterations in industrial technique were indeed stimulated to some extent, but such results have not been thus far its most conspicuous feature. The world-war produced some very marked changes in the relations of nations with one another. Alterations in political boundary lines, coupled with a great intensification of nationalistic feeling, have been followed by a strong reaction toward high tariff barriers and the fostering of a spirit aiming at a high degree of economic self-sufficiency within political boundary lines. On the other hand the heavy financial obligations incurred by the war have called for a policy diametrically opposed to this economic nationalism. In other words, the world-war intensified the spirit of economic nationalism which has manifested itself by the erection of tariff barriers materially limiting trade development, while at the same time it created obligations which can be met only by facilitating commercial intercourse. This situation, with its inconsistency of financial obligations and political purposes, is an important factor in the merchantmarine problems confronting this, and to a less extent some other, countries. Commercial relationships involve an interchange not only of merchandise and gold but also of services. A not inconsiderable item in the trade balances of nations is that comprising charges for the services of transportation. The significance of this fact in connection with present-day shipping developments is often ignored, and in consequence policies are for-


We provide revealed preference characterizations for choices made under various forms of costly information acquisition. We examine nonseparable, multiplicative, and constrained costly information acquisition. In particular, this allows the possibility of unknown time delay for acquiring information. The techniques we use parallel the duality properties in the standard consumer problem.


odal group or lower polar nucleus; the upper polar nucleus migrates to the antipodal end of the sac and there divides, one daughter-cell remaining in that position and becoming cut off by a wall across the sac, the other moving back to the egg and eventually forming a considerable mass of endosperm; fertilization takes place very soon after pollinatioln, material killed within eighteen hours after pollination showing the embryo in a two-celled stage; in addition to the ordinary development of a single embryo, polyenmbryony may occur, as in Erythronium and Tulipa, by the division of the suspensor cell to form an extensive embryogenic mass of tissue. C. L. Shear, of the Department of Agriculture, discusses generic nomenclature, bringing up the difficulties connected with determining generic names among certain fungi. He does not offer a set of rules, but reaches the conviction that the so-called 'type-method' is both desirable and practicable. He urges the importance of selecting a starting point for genera, definite provision being made for the treatment of genera having no binomial species referred to them at the time of their original description. W. W. Ashe, of Raleigh, North Carolina, describes new species of Fraxinus, Tilia and Cratcegus; while Newton B. Pierce, of the Department of Agriculture, describes as a new species (Alternaaria citri) the fungus disease of navel oranges that has attracted attention in California for the past eight or ten years, and which is popularly known as 'black rot of oranges.'


Objective To evaluate the clinical results of the artificial femoral head replacement for the senile femoral unstable intertrochanteric fractures.Methods 28 cases with senile femoral unstable intertrochanteric fractures were treated with artificial femoral head replacement.Results 28 cases were followed up for 12~24(16±4)months.walking with weight-bearing was begun 6 weeks postoperatively.The function of hip joints was satisfactory,and the patients could take care of themselves.According to the Harris scores:before operation were 84~97 with an average scores of 90±4;after operation were 82~95 with an average scores of 89±3.Conclusions Artificial femoral head replacement to the senile femoral unstable intertrochanteric fractures is satisfactory and it has advantages such as earlier weight-bearing,less complications and better life quality.


Commerce is generally acknowledged as the interchange of merchandise on large scale between nations or individuals. Electronic commerce enables more customer input to influence agricultural marketing decisions. As competition intensifies across agricultural sectors, it becomes more important for employees to be well informed of coporate and marketing objectives. Intranets have a key role to play in effective internal marketing. The Internet does have a significant non-selling function for agricultural sector and not-for-profit organizations, especially in terms of information exchange, communication and online customers services. This study aimed at understanding the use of the Internet and the marketing strategies adopted for electronic commerce implementation.


This paper presents an integrated 4D inversion approach applied in a two vintage regional and multi-vintage field specific 4D processing project during 2013. The most recent regional monitor survey was recorded in 2012. At first we give an overview of the area and available data volumes and introduce a chalk rock physics model to show which 4D changes are to be expected. The 4D inversion workflow is based around a deterministic geostatistical inversion scheme. A time strain inversion is used to obtain a time aligned monitor survey and aligned differences between the 4D processed vintages. In addition, the time strain information is used as prior model information when inverting for 4D impedance changes. Legacy data volumes used in earlier 4D projects were re-inverted with the same deterministic geostatistical inversion algorithm for comparison with the 2013 reprocessed datasets. Altogether thirty main inversion projects were executed within 14 months. We compare inversion results for several processing outputs and also compare adjacent fields. The quick turnaround made possible by the fast inversion software allows the asset teams very early on to interpret and include these data into the daily workflow, well planning or well interventions.


The invention relates to a display module set and a use method thereof. The display module set includes a self-luminous display panel, an optical fingerprint sensor and a dot backlight source; the self-luminous display panel includes a first substrate, a second substrate, and a self-luminous circuit layer, wherein the self-luminous circuit layer is located between the first substrate and the second substrate, and the self-luminous circuit layer includes a plurality of display pixel units, wherein each display pixel unit comprises at least one non-light-transmission region and at least one light-transmission region; the optical fingerprint sensor is located below the second substrate; the optical fingerprint sensor includes a fingerprint sensing circuit layer and a base substrate, wherein the base substrate is located between the second substrate and the fingerprint sensing circuit layer, and the base substrate is made of a light-transmission material; the dot backlight source is arranged below the second substrate and is located at the side edge of the optical fingerprint sensor; and light emitted by the dot backlight source is transmitted obliquely upwards so as to enter the basesubstrate from the side surface of the base substrate, and then, the light is transmitted out obliquely upwards from the base substrate so as to enter the second substrate. The display module set canwell integrate an optical fingerprint recognition function.


Investigations were performed of spatial-angular characteristics of radiation from flashlamp-pumped dye lasers in different temperature conditions of active elements. It was found that the laser beam divergence depends on the parameters of the active element and cooling conditions. A prerequisite for ensuring a high directionality of radiation from these lasers operating in the repetitively pulsed regime was shown to be temperature stabilization of the active element and coolant.


The recent cases of anthrax due to bioterrorism and the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, have led to an unprecedented degree of concern and urgency regarding the vulnerability of our society to more such attacks.1 At the Department of Health and Human Services, efforts to counter bioterrorism are focused on a group of pathogenic microbes that include Bacillus anthracis (the cause of anthrax), variola virus (the cause of smallpox), Yersinia pestis (the cause of plague), Francisella tularensis (the cause of tularemia), Clostridium botulinum (which causes botulism), and the hemorrhagic-fever viruses such as Ebola.1 Within this group, smallpox stands out . . .


Mirror is possibly the most common optical device in our everyday life. Rendering a virtual mirror using a joint camera-display system has a wide range of applications from cosmetics to medicine. Existing works focus primarily on simple modification of the mirror images of body parts and provide no or limited range of viewpoint dependent rendering. In this paper, we propose a framework for rendering mirror images from a virtual mirror based on 3D point clouds and color texture captured from a network of structured-light RGB-D cameras. We validate our models by comparing the results with a real mirror. Commodity structured-light cameras often have missing and erroneous depth data which directly affect the quality of the rendering. We address this problem via a novel probabilistic model that accurately separates foreground objects from background scene before correcting the erroneous depth data. We experimentally demonstrate that our depth correction algorithm outperforms other state-of-the-art techniques.


The dynamics of copepod development are described and suggestions made as to how they may have influenced the formation of capelin feeding grounds in the central Barents Sea during summer and autumn of 1984, 1989, and 1992. Interannual differences in spatial, species, and age structure of plankton are discussed, and their relationships with environmental factors are shown. Some common features of seasonal variation in plankton biomass, including predation by capelin, are traced. 2002 International Council for the Exploration of the Sea. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.


In preparation for the Fourth United Nations Conference on the Least Developed Countries (UNLDC-IV) to be convened in Istanbul, Turkey, from 30 May to 3 June 2011, the Office of the High Representative for the LDCs, LLDCs, and SIDS (UN OHRLLS) organized a brainstorming meeting in New York on 14-16 July 2010. The meeting sought to ensure a strategic approach to the drafting of a new programme of action for the LDCs for the next decade, to identify priorities for a renewed partnership in their support, as well as to develop methodological guidance to be used for the appraisal of the 10-year implementation of the Brussels Programme of Action (BPoA). Approximately 50 experts, including policymakers and development practitioners from LDCs and partner countries as well as representatives from the UN system and civil society discussed ways "Towards a new partnership for LDCs" in seven topical sessions spanning two and a half days. Each session consisted of several specialist presentations of about 10-15 minutes followed by an interactive discussion. All presentations and related materials can be found online at http://www.unohrlls.org/en/orphan/771/.


Several lightweight, non-contact profilometers (LWPs) are now available to measure profiles of newly constructed Portland Cement Concrete Pavement (PCCP). As constructed smoothness measurements by four LWPs and the California-type profilograph were collected on four new PCCP sections on I-70 in Kansas. The LWPs were: Ames Engineering LISA, K.J. Law T6400, ICC ATV LWP, and SSI LWP. Smoothness measurements were also made by two high-speed profilometers, K.J. Law's T6600 and the Kansas Department of Transportation's South Dakota profilometer made by ICC. The data were statistically analyzed in the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and the Least Square Means (LSMeans) approaches. The lightweight profilers showed statistically similar Profile Index (PI) values when performing as the California-type profilograph. The lightweight profilers reported slightly higher PI than the manual California-type profilograph using ProScan to electronically reduce the traces. The International Roughness Index (IRI) values reported by LISA, T6400, and ICC ATV were statistically similar. Significant differences were observed in some cases when comparing the values obtained from the South Dakota and T6600 high-speed profilometers and SSI LWP. Variable coefficients of determination, R-squared, values were obtained when performing a linear regression analysis of the PI and IRI data for the individual profilers and for all sections tested by a given profiler. No reasonably consistent correlation between PI and IRI was established.


Amongst those of you who are glancing over these words, there must be at least one or two who, like me, have in their lounge or loft a collection of records. And perhaps amongst those records there is what were called at the time 'concept albums'. These tended to work though material in a coherent and unified way: at least, that was the idea. Records such as Tales From Topographic Oceans and Ziggy Stardust and the Spiders from Mars, the rockopera Tommy and side 2 of On the Threshold of a Dream, all did their best to portray a series of tracks grouped, strongly or loosely, round a central idea or theme. Well, what does this have to do with the books I have selected from 2001? Simply this: the concept album is not dead – it is alive and well and exists in the world of poetry. Take, for example, Baby by Gillian K Ferguson (Canongate £6.99 ISBN 184195-121-8). In a series of poems on pregnancy, birth and babies Ferguson explores an area at once mysterious and commonplace. Her book is cleverly presented by the innovative publishers Canongate to appeal to a non-poetry reading audience. At first, in fact, it is not obvious that this is a book of poetry at all. The pocket size and chubby shape of the book, its photograph of a baby's face on the cover, its large typeface for the title (and small typeface for the subtitle 'poems on pregnancy, birth and babies' – none of these suggest the typical 'slim volume'. I expect this book to appear in bookshops located well away from the poetry section: to be honest I expect it to appear under the section of birth and, therefore, to be read largely (though not exclusively) by women. One of this book's real strengths is that it has such a wide appeal – and Canongate are wise enough to seize on that and market the book appropriately. Its other obvious strength is the fact that the poems link together and tell a story. Glance back at the titles of the records I mentioned earlier and you'll see that the same is, to a large extent, true of them as well: stories sell. It is much easier to present a book to an audience if it can be taken in at one grasp. It is easier to summarise Milton's Paradise Lost, or even The Divine Comedy, than it is to offer a line or two of introduction to many volumes of contemporary poetry. The other great advantage of a book with a central theme, especially if it works through narrative, is that the story sells the book rather than the name of the poet. A book by Seamus Heaney will sell on name alone. But there are many fine contemporary poets who are less prominent. Baby will sell even if those buying it have never heard of Gillian K Ferguson. They do not mind who wrote the book, as long as it speaks to them.


Once grave accident occurs, it will be hard for local equipment to meet the need of emergency rescue. Therefore, we need to transport what we need from nearby. The paper establishes optimal distribution model by using multi-objective optimization methods, and takes equipment for forcible entry in earthquake rescue, then solves the model by using LINGO optimization software, and finally determine the optimal distribution program. It can provide first-line commanders with basis and reference while guiding.


Abstract In Oslofjorden Meganyctiphanes norvegica seems to feed more intensively and has a more varied diet than Thysanoessa raschi. This is consistent with the former species' greater heterozygosity for gene loci coding for enzymes that take part in metabolizing externally derived substances. The two species' similar values for average heterozygosity in those genes coding for central metabolic enzymes may reflect the similarity of their physical habitats. On the other hand total average heterozygosities, 3.2 % for T. raschi and 5.6 % for M. norvegica, are the lowest thus far measured for euphausiids and may be in accordance with hypotheses on low genetic variation in fine-grained strategists.


Field trials on Vertisols in Ghana showed that 1.8 kg a.e./ha glyphosate reduced tuber populations of Cyperus rotundus L. by 95% after being applied at the beginning of four cropping seasons during 1997 and 1998. Yields of maize grown during the major seasons of these years were significantly increased by use of the herbicide treatment. Camber beds (4.8 m-wide raised beds) appear to increase crop growth in typical wet seasons, compared to flat seed beds, but not in seasons that are much drier than average. The combination of camber beds for land drainage and glyphosate for controlling C. rotundus and other weeds is appropriate technology for small scale farmers in the Accra Plains of Ghana.


Serum albumin is an important carrier in the transport of endogenous and exogenous substances across cell membranes. Small molecule drugs could bind to serum albumin to various extents after intravenous injection, which may affect the bioavailability, metabolism, pharmacological and toxicological potency. Organic selenium (Se) compounds exhibit favorable biocompatibility and low toxicity that attracts increased attention from researchers. Herein, a series of selenadiazole derivatives (4a–e) have been synthesized and their cytotoxicity towards various kinds of cells were evaluated. The results suggested that isopropyl benzo[c][1,2,5]selenadiazole-5-carboxylate (4d) exhibited a broad inhibition spectrum on the proliferation of tested cancer cells, with a relatively higher anticancer activity than other derivatives. We found that the differences in their anticancer activities were attributed to the various binding abilities of the Se compounds toward BSA. The bimolecular quenching constant (Kq), apparent quenching constant (KSV), effective binding constant (KA) and binding site number (n) were obtained through fluorescence quenching calculations, which indicated that all compounds could efficiently bind to BSA molecules and the fluorescence quenching mechanism was mainly a static quenching procedure. Moreover, serum albumin was found to interact with selenadiazole derivatives (4a–e), thus promoting the cellular uptake and anticancer activity of the Se compounds. Taken together, this study demonstrated that the synthetic selenadiazole derivatives exhibited high anticancer activity and cellular uptake through delivery by human serum.


During the conceptual design phase, System Architects perform fast pre-validation of alternative architectures of the system to be designed. In order to provide them with a means to achieve this task, a SysML extension called TheReSE is proposed. It aims at modeling thermal effects on components with simplified geometry, by covering radiation, conduction, and convection heat transfers. It also ensures traceability between requirements and simulation results. In order to assess the relevance of this extension, this approach has been applied to an aircraft air conditioning case study.


Conclusions: The reform and innovation of higher mathematics teaching from the perspective of educational psychology can significantly improve students ' learning enthusiasm for higher mathematics, deepen students ' understanding of higher mathematics


ABSTRACT This study investigated the tribological characteristics of journal bearings exclusively for automotive applications under the influence of a synthetic lubricant (SAE20W40) and chemically modified rapeseed oil (CMRO) as a biolubricant, dispersed with TiO2, WS2, and CuO nanoparticles used as antiwear additive. The effects of synthetic and nanobased biolubricants on the tribological behavior of the hydrodynamic journal bearing were examined using a journal bearing test rig by measuring the coefficient of friction, oil film thickness, and wear under a load of 10 kN and a speed of 3,000 rpm. The test results show that CuO nanoadditives that are added to the biolubricant exhibit outstanding wear and friction reduction behavior, better than that with synthetic lubricants as well as other nanobased biolubricants. The inclusion of CuO nanoparticles in the biolubricant decreased the coefficient of friction by 27% and wear by about 47% compared to a synthetic lubricant. Additionally, investigations were performed using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to study the surface morphology and surface roughness behavior of the tested bearing surfaces.


This chapter focuses on the issues which have been raised regarding the implementation of Directive 2004/38 in the light of access to social assistance benefits for European Union (EU) citizens in other Member States. This Directive regulates the entry and residence of EU citizens and their family members in another Member State. Directive 2004/38 makes a distinction between residence up to three months, residence from three months to five years and residence for longer than five years. In many Member States the transposition of Directive 2004/38 was used as an occasion to introduce clauses in their social law explicitly excluding EU nationals and their family members. The chapter concludes that there is a right of residence under EU law, for inactive EU citizens without a permanent residence status even if they apply for social assistance benefits. Keywords: Directive 2004/38; EU law; European Union (EU) citizens; Member States; social assistance benefits


The toxicity tests on sulphuryl fluoride fumigation against the larvae of Anoplophora nobilis in poplar wood showed that the CT products for probit 9 kill were 7004.20,3296.97, 974.63 and 527.04 g.h/m 3 respectively at the temperature of 4.4℃,10.0℃,15.5℃ and 21.1℃.When the fumigation duration extended to 48h,the CT products for probit 9 kill at 4.4℃ and 21.1℃ changed to 2828.22 g.h/m 3 and 505.45 g.h/m 3 respectively.During the indoor confirmation tests,the larvae and pupae of Anoplophora nobilis,Cossus cossus orientalis and Sphecia siningensis in poplar wood were totally killed at the dosage of 104 g/m 3 at 15.5℃ and 21.1℃,but were not completely killed at the dosage of 120 g/m 3 and 160 g/m 3 respectively at 10.0℃ and 4.4℃.


The present work is an investigation of the Indo-Tibetan ritual for consecrating images, stupas, books and temples. It is based on a thorough examination of the relevant Tibetan textual material contained in Tantras, commentaries, ritual manuals and explanatory works on consecration. As rituals are meant to be performed, this textual study is combined with observations of performances and interviews with performers. The book opens with a general discussion of certain principles of tantric rituals and the foundations of Indo-Tibetan consecration. The main part focuses on a specific performance of the ritual in a Tibetan monastery located in the Kathmandu Valley. This volume contributes to the often neglected field of Indo-Tibetan Buddhist rituals. It is concerned with the sacred nature of objects for worship as well as with the main Buddhist tantric transformation into a chosen tantric Buddha.


Tests have been run to determine in a preliminary fashion whether ultrasonic vibration would be effective in removing mixed radioactive deposits from the inside surface of steel pipes in a heat exchanger. Different frequencies (20 KC/S, l000 KC/S) have been used at the maximum power levels conveniently attainable. Different liquids were compared for cleaning effectiveness, with and without ultrasonics. Mild stirring of water bath at room temperature produced virtually no cleaning effect on the samples. Ultrasonics in water, at room temperature, gave 50% to 80% cleaning (as defined by gamma ray count) in 15 minutes or less. Certain chemical solutions gave moderate cleaning results without ultrasonics; but the effectiveness of these solutions was greatly enhanced by the addition of ultrasonics. It was found, as expected, that the effectiveness of the sound wave depended rather critically on the method of coupling to the work. (auth)


In order to improve the maneuverability of civil aircraft,according to the characteristics of aircraft roller motion,aiming at the transmission characteristic from the roller angular velocity to the steering wheel go to linear,we established the objective equation,and provided a new-style mechanical aileron control system. By establishing a kinematics simulation in the CATIA Software,we analyzed the trajectory of steering wheel and aileron. Simulation results show that the flight control system has good transmission characteristicand can improve the maneuverability of civil aircraft. This new-style flight control system has some reference for modern civil aircraft.


We have developed tunnel probes for localized measurements of the electron and ion temperature in the edge plasma region of smaller tokamaks and stellarators. A normal tunnel probe for Te measurements consists of a metallic tunnel of 5 mm diameter and 5 mm length, with the axis parallel to the magnetic field. One side is open, the other side is closed by a metallic backplate, isolated from the tunnel. If both electrodes are biased negatively, ions flow into the office, and their current is distributed between the tunnel and the backplate. The ratio of the two ion currents is a function of Te. With an additional diaphragm in front of the orifice, the probe becomes ion sensitive, since the electrons are prevented from the tunnel because of their smaller gyroradius, but ions can still reach it. In this way, the perpendicular ion temperature can be derived. By segmenting the tunnel axially into two parts, also an approximate measure for the parallel ion temperature can be found.


Due to many unique characteristics on the MANET environment such as node's autonomy, highly limited and shared resources, dynamic topology, etc. And these characteristics introduce to the new MANET aspects such as node autonomy, node's roles and resources. The needs for each node to control its resources and roles participated on the MANET is increasing. In this paper we proposed a design of policy-based negotiation protocol that users are able to control their resources. We also describe the design goals, its design principles and negotiation process of our proposed protocol


We study the LP-boundedness of pseudo-differential operators with the support of their symbols being contained in E x Rn , where E is a compact subset of Rn , and their symbols have derivatives with respect to x only up to order k, in the Holder continuous sense, where k > n/2 (the case 1 n/p (the case 2 n/ 2, k' > nlp (the case 1 nlp, k' > nt2 (the case 2 < p < oo) .


The competitive business environment in the automotive industry has forced vehicle manufacturers (VMs) to improve their relationship strategies towards their suppliers. VMs have implemented supplier segmentation in order to optimise current business activities and existing resource allocations. Supplier selection criteria have also become crucial in order to achieve an appropriate evaluation of suppliers. Models of supplier segmentation and supplier selection criteria underpin theoretically this research. The principal contribution of this study is a managerial typology of relationship strategies towards suppliers applied by a VM. It consists of two dimensions: the supplier's commitment to a VM, and the commodity's importance to a VM. It consists of four relationship strategies towards suppliers in the automotive industry, such as family, business partner, friendly, and transactional. Research findings are also provided.


The composition of an intelligent monitor system for navigation lights based on GSM/GPRS (Global System for Mobile Communication/General Packet Radio System) short message services is introduced. The available working procedures of the system and methods for controlling GSM/GRPS short messages are given, functional properties of the system are also described. The result of experiment indicates that the system can meet the requirements of navigation light management of river and marine navigation.


The urinary recovery of p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA), following small intestinal hydrolysis by chymotrypsin of the synthetic peptide N-benzyl-tyrosyl-PABA (Bentiromide), provides the basis for an oral pancreatic function test. A conventional two day test repeated on a second day with PABA alone, was found to be inaccurate and of little use as a screening test for pancreatic insufficiency (PI). The test was modified in order to make it more suitable for children. 28 children with PI aged 17 mo – 16 y were studied (25 cystic fibrosis, 2 Shwachman's, 1 pancreatectomy) together with a group of 20 control patients, aged A mo - 11 y, shown to have normal pancreatic function by pancreozymin-secretin testing and faecal chymotrypsin estimation. Following an overnight fast, a pre-test urine sample was taken and then Bentiromide (15 mg/kg) with 4.5 mg/kg p-aminosalicylic acid (PAS, a structural analogue of PABA) administered with a standard breakfast of cereal and milk. A six hour urine collection was then made. After alkaline hydrolysis of PABA and PAS conjugates, urine samples were assayed by HPLC using a 300 × 3.9 mm column of u-Bondapak-C18. Results were expressed for each patient as PABA Excretion Index (PEI = urine PABA/urine PAS). The mean PEI in patients with PI was 19 (range 4-62) and for controls, 87 (range 66-140), with complete separation of values for patients with PI and control subjects, p<0.0001. Thus the use of PAS as a pharmacokinetic marker for PABA absorption and excretion in combination with Bentiromide provides a sensitive and specific 6 hour screening test for exocrine pancreatic insufficiency in children.


We report the first-principles $GW$-Bethe--Salpeter equation and quantum Monte Carlo calculations of the optical and electronic properties of molecular and crystalline rubrene $({\mathrm{C}}_{42}{\mathrm{H}}_{28})$. Many-body effects dominate the optical spectrum and quasiparticle gap of molecular crystals. We interpret the observed yellow-green photoluminescence in rubrene microcrystals as a result of the formation of intermolecular, charge-transfer, spin-singlet excitons. In contrast, spin-triplet excitons are localized and intramolecular with a predicted phosphorescence at the red end of the optical spectrum. We find that the exchange energy plays a fundamental role in raising the energy of intramolecular spin-singlet excitons above the intermolecular ones. Exciton binding energies are predicted to be around $0.5\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{eV}$ (spin singlet) to $1\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{eV}$ (spin triplet). The calculated electronic gap is $2.8\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{eV}$. The theoretical absorption spectrum agrees very well with recent ellipsometry data.


A simplified procedure is presented for redistributing moments caused by inelastic hinge rotations that accompany shakedown of continuous bridge girders under repeated live loadings. This inelastic moment redistribution procedure (IMR) is very similar to that of elastic moment distribution except that inelastic hinges, not girder joints, are initially held locked and then cyclically unlocked until convergence to shakedown occurs. Residual deformations due to shakedown are computed.