This report provides information to government officials and the public as to the nature of the crime problem in the Metropolitan Washington Council of Governments region, including its magnitude and trends for calendar year 1999. It also provides law enforcement administrators with criminal statistics for administrative and operational use. Statistics for crimes related to transportation are reported under the categories of car jacking, motor vehicle theft, and driving while intoxicated.


The present invention (A) a step of stress measuring the surface shape of the photomask blank or a production intermediate having a film subject to inspection, (B) surface shape of the step, and (C) the treated substrate to remove object of inspection film of removing a film subject to inspection by a process which comprises the steps of measuring, by getting the surface shape of both the treated substrate before inspection target film removal photomask blank or a manufacturing intermediate, and a test subject film removal, comparison of these surface features, test film is subject to the photomask blank of the evaluation with the stress or provide the drive method of manufacturing the intermediates. According to the invention, by optimizing the manufacturing method of the photomask blank, as well as the optical functional film or process functional film before and after the etching process, the risk occurs a change in the surface shape can be produced with very low photomask blank, a photomask it is given to the guarantee photomask blank with a dimensional error caused due to the change in the surface shape is reduced at the time of manufacture.


TWO EXPERIENCES WITH THE USE OF A NEW PIEZOMETER ARE REPORTED. THE PRINCIPLE OPERATION IS SIMILAR TO THE GEONOR PIEZOMETER IN THAT WATER PERMEATES THROUGH A POROUS MEMBRANE. THE MAIN DIFFERENCE LIES IN THE METHOD OF CONSTRUCTION AND INSTALLATION. THIS INSTRUMENT WAS DESIGNED FOR MEASURING THE WATER PRESSURES ADJACENT TO A DRIVEN STEEL PILE. TO ACHIEVE THIS, THE PIEZOMETER IS WELDED TO THE OUTSIDE FACE OF THE PILE AND DRIVEN WITH THE PILE. THE INSTALLATION TECHNIQUE WAS SATISFACTORY AND THE INSTRUMENT IS CONSIDERED SUCCESSFUL. A NUMBER OF DIFFERENT APPLICATIONS AND MODIFICATIONS ARE PROPOSED AND THESE ARE ENUMERATED BRIEFLY. FINALLY THE SENSITIVITY OF THE INSTRUMENT IS CONSIDERED IN THE APPENDIX. /AUTHOR/


Novel closed form expressions for the error vector magnitude (EVM) are presented. The expressions combine the in-phase quadrature (IQ) amplitude and phase imbalances and the DC offsets along with the phase noise. Both the Gaussian and the Tikhonov probability density functions are utilised for the oscillator phase noise distribution. The explicit conditions when the EVM computations based on the Tikhonov distribution converge to a Gaussian based are investigated. Furthermore, the application of the proposed EVM expressions is demonstrated by including phase noise masks, providing a direct means to the phase locked loop/voltage controlled oscillator design parameters. The measurements are used to validate the proposed expressions.


Magnetoplasts are the highly fi lled polymer composite materials with ferromagnetic fi ller. They are used to produce magnetic products of complex shape. The value of the residual magnetic induction is directly proportional to volume percentage of magnetic powder in the matrix and grows with an increase in the degree of orientation of the magnetic particles. The technology of obtaining magnetoplastics based on polyamide 6 and products from them is described. To realize the maximum magnetic properties, the moulding of magnets is carried out in an external magnetic fi eld. The introduction of castor oil during the moulding of products helps to increase the residual magnetic induction by improving the conditions for the orientation of magnetic particles.


In the development of the advanced spent fuel management process based on the molten salt technology, it is essential to choose the optimum material for the process equipment handling molten salt. Corrosion behavior of SUS 316L, Incoloy 800H, Inconel 600 and KSA(Kaeri Superalloy)-9 in molten salts was investigated in the temperature range of 650 ∼ 850℃. In a molten salt of LiCl, a dense protective oxide scale of LiCrO₂ was formed, following growth of oxide scale with parabolic kinetics. But in a mixed molten salt of LiCl-Li₂O, non-protective porous oxide scales consisting of LiCrO₂ and Ni were formed, following growth of oxide scale with linear kinetics.


OBJECTIVE To explore the efficacy and the safety of usage of succinic acid adenosylmethionine and ursodeoxycholic acid in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B with severe jaundice.METHODS 100 patients with chronic viral hepatitis B with severe jaundice were randomly divided into two groups,i.e.the treatment group(53 cases) and the control group(47 cases).The patients of treatment group were given succinic acid adenosylmethionine combined with ursodeoxycholic acid,whereas the control group were given Kuhuang treatment.The total efficiency,the serum levels of TbiL,ALT,ALP,γ-GT as well as the adverse reactions were investigated one month after the treatment.RESULTS The total effective rate of the treatment group was 88.7% versus 59.6% of the control group with a statistically significant difference(P0.01).After one month treatment,the serum levels of TBiL,ALT,ALP and γ-GT of patients in the treatment group were significantly different from those of the patients before the treatment(P0.01) and from those of the patients in the control group(P0.01).No obviously adverse reactions were found in both groups.CONCLUSION The usage of combination of succinic acid adenosylmethionine and ursodeoxycholic acid is safe and effective for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B with severe jaundice.


A cleaning device for an underground water well is provided to move away from the well conveniently by employing a conveying unit. A cleaning device for an underground water well(132) comprises a conveying unit(110), an air compressor(120), and a well cleaner(150). The well cleaner includes a nozzle unit. The nozzle unit shapes into a hollow hook to change flow of compressed air coming from a compressed air connection pipe(121) from down to up. The end of the hook shape faces the central line of the compressed air supply pipe. Pollutant and soil sludge in the well are removed by compressed air discharged via the nozzle unit and pressure difference created by the compressed air. The conveying unit includes a rotating shaft, a drive motor, a reducer, a pair of rotating bodies, a plurality of connection members, an inlet, and an insertion port. The rotating shaft is installed at the top of a fixing member. The drive motor rotates the rotating shaft. The reducer, which is connected with the drive motor, reduces torque of the drive motor and increases drive power of the drive motor. The rotating bodies are attached to the outer surface of the rotating shaft, with being separated from the rotating shaft. The connection members connect the rotating bodies with each other, and the compressed air connection pipe is wound around the connection members. The inlet connects the rotating shaft with an air hose. The insert port is attached to one part of the rotate shaft, and connected with the compressed air connection pipe.


The FrzA gene,also known as sFRP-1(soluble frizzled related protein-1),inhibits Wnt signaling pathways by binding to the same structure-specific frizzled receptors.Recent research has shown that the inhibition of Wnt signaling pathways reduces the myocardial infarction area,ventricular remodeling and improves cardiac function.As an inhibitor of Wnt,FrzA plays an important role in this process,which suggests FrzA may become a gene-therapeutic target in coronary heart disease.This article summarizes progress made in the use of FrzA to treat coronary heart disease and discusses possible developments.


Equipment management information system based on B/S is designed and developed to re-duce the life cycle cost of equipment and realize condition realtime monitoring of equipments.This paper introduces the model of three-tier B/S architecture as well as its characteristics,and analyses function of system management modules.


Objective To investigate the frequencies of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations in Chinese Hakka patients with ovarian cancer. Methods The protein coding regions and exon intron boundary regions of the BRCA gene were sequenced using genomic DNA isolated from the lymphocytes of patients with next-generation sequencing. The patients' family history and clinical records were collected. Results A total of 195 patients with ovarian cancer were included in the study, and 52 distinct variants of the BRCA gene were identified. It was found that 64 patients (64/195, 32.8%) had BRCA gene mutations, including 32 patients (50.0%) with BRCA1 mutation, 27 patients (42.2%) with BRCA2 mutation, and 5 patients (7.8%) with both mutations. Furthermore, 22 pathogenic mutations were detected in 26 patients, 2 likely pathogenic variants in 2 patients, 12 variants of uncertain significance in 20 patients, and 16 likely benign variants in 24 patients. The mutations were mainly found to occur in exons 8, 14, and 17 of BRCA1 and exons 10, 11, 14, and 15 of BRCA2. The results showed that the BRCA genes possess different mutation hotspots in different ethnic groups. In addition, recurrent mutations were noted in many patients. BRCA1 c.536 A>T, considered a founder mutation, was identified in 10 patients (15.63%, 10/64), followed by BRCA1 c.2635 G>T (6.25%, 4/64) and BRCA2 c.2566 T>C (6.25%, 4/64). Conclusion The BRCA1 c.536 A>T could be considered to be a founder mutation in this ovarian cancer population. This recurrent BRCA1 mutation has rarely been observed in other ethnic groups. Our findings are expected to provide valuable data for clinical consultation and for designing individualized treatment for ovarian cancer.


A number of formalisms have been proposed in order to restrict tree adjoining grammar (TAG) to be weakly equivalent to context free grammar (CFG): for example, tree substitution grammar (TSG), tree insertion grammar (TIG), and regular-form TAG (RF-TAG); in the other direction, tree-local multicomponent TAG (TL-MCTAG) has been proposed as an extension to TAG which is weakly equivalent to TAG. These formalisms have been put to use in various applications. For example, Kroch and Joshi (1987) and others use TL-MCTAG for linguistic description; Bod (1992) uses TSG, and Chiang (2000) uses TIG, for statistical parsing; Shieber (1994) proposes to use TSG for generating synchronous TAG derivations for translation, and Dras (1999) uses RF-TAG for the same purpose. Although it is understood that these formalisms are useful because they have greater strong generative capacity (henceforth SGC) than their weakly-equivalent relatives, it is not always made clear what this actually means: sometimes it is understood in terms of phrase structures, sometimes in terms of a broader notion of structural descriptions (so Chomsky (1963)). We take the latter view, and follow Miller (1999) in seeing phrase structures as just one of many possible interpretations of structural descriptions (alongside, for example, dependency structures). For Miller, structural descriptions themselves should never be compared (since they vary widely across formalisms), but only their interpretations. Thus SGC in the phrase-structure sense is one of several ways of testing SGC in the broader sense. However, not much effort has been made to demonstrate precisely how formalisms compare in these other ways. In this paper we examine four formalisms—CFG, TIG, RF-TAG, and what we call component-local scattered context grammar (CL-SCG)—under four different interpretations, and find that TIG, RF-TAG, and CL-SCG all extend the expressivity of CFG in different ways (see Figure 1). These results show that it is possible to make formally precise statements about notions of generative capacity other than weak generative capacity (henceforth WGC), as a step towards articulating desiderata of formal grammars for various applications.


PURPOSE:To provide a polishing device capable of improving flatness microscopically by way of uniforming the contact state of an abrasive cloth surface and a sample polished surface, improving flatness of a sample and uniforming a polishing amount to the sample polished surface macroscopically. CONSTITUTION:On the opposite side of a sample holding pedestal 3 free to rotate, placing a sample B on it, a rotatable polishing disc 1 is arranged, and on its bottom face, an abrasive cloth 2 is affixed through an elastic body 201. Polish is carried out as the polishing disc 1 and the sample holding pedestal 3 rotate, an abrasive 8 is supplied between the abrasive cloth 2 and the sample polished surface and the abrasive cloth 2 makes contact with the sample B in a narrow range.


A systematic review and meta-analysis of studies demonstrated a relationship between sex and balance determinants in seniors; however, no study has focused on sex-related differences in static and dynamic balance performance after a physical intervention as primary interest. The aim was to investigate sex differences in the static and dynamic balance performance after a 4-week physical intervention based on yoga in seniors 65+ years of age. Five-hundred participants (234 males, 266 females) were assessed with the Tinetti Balance Assessment Tool in pre-and post-testing. The experimental group (122 males, 140 females) underwent the intervention, while the control group (112 males, 126 females) ran their usual daily program. ANCOVA model was used for the statistical evaluation of the results. No sex differences were found in balance performance after a short-term physical intervention in seniors 65+ years of age. At the same time, a significant positive shift was demonstrated in performance in both static and dynamic balance.


In this paper, we study the existence and instability of standing waves with a prescribed L-norm for the fractional Schrödinger equation i∂tψ = (−∆)ψ − f(ψ), (0.1) where 0 < s < 1, f(ψ) = |ψ|pψ with 4s N < p < 4s N−2s or f(ψ) = (|x|−γ ∗ |ψ|2)ψ with 2s < γ < min{N, 4s}. To this end, we look for normalized solutions of the associated stationary equation (−∆)u+ ωu− f(u) = 0. (0.2) Firstly, by constructing a suitable submanifold of a L-sphere, we prove the existence of a normalized solution for (0.2) with least energy in the L-sphere, which corresponds to a normalized ground state standing wave of (0.1). Then, we show that each normalized ground state of (0.2) coincides a ground state of (0.2) in the usual sense. Finally, we obtain the sharp threshold of global existence and blow-up for (0.1). Moreover, we can use this sharp threshold to show that all normalized ground state standing waves are strongly unstable by blow-up.


pH ISFETs are very interesting sensors for biomedical microsystems including in vivo measurements of pH. The noise phenomena and related resolution of these sensors are still not understood. In this paper measurements of low frequency noise in pH ISFETs are presented and compared to similar measurements performed in MOSFETs. Various bias conditions are used corresponding to the gate voltage changing from subthreshold to saturation, in the frequency range between 1 Hz to 100 kHz ISFET noise measurements were performed in solutions with pH in the range of pH4 to pH10, at room temperature. The measured ISFETs exhibit clearly 1/f noise. The dependence of the drain current noise power spectral density upon average drain current follows the same behavior of 1/f noise that the observed in MOSFETs. The measured noise characteristics shown here indicate that the Si/SiO/sub 2/ interface dominates the noise behavior of the ISFET. No pH dependent effects are observed and the interface between the solution and the gate insulator does not contribute measurable noise.


The paper examines the performance of telerobotic tasks where the operator and robot are physically separated, and a comunication time delay of up to several seconds between them exists. This situation is applicable to space robotic servicing-assembly-maintenance operations on low earth or geosynchronous orbits with a ground-based command station. Attention is given to two developments which address advanced time-delay teleoperations for unstructured tasks: (1) the 'phantom robot', a real-time predictive graphics simulator developed to allow teleoperator eye-to-hand coordination or robot free-space kinematics under a time delay of several seconds; and (2) shared compliance control, a modified form of automatic electromechanical impedance control employed in parallel with manual position control to permit soft contact and grasp compliance with workpiece geometry under a time delay of several seconds.


Variable damping affects the vibration of the suspension system performance, the change of shock absorber and the output of the shock absorber damping characteristics. The suspension system of components elatic vibration will decay quickly. Through the establishment of a quarter of the suspension system theory, damping coefficient model analysis affects the system frequency response. In the different vibration frequency range, the corresponding variation of damping will improve the suspension system output performance.


This study was done to validate the role of immunoprecipitation (IP) in the diagnosis of subepidermal blistering disorders. IP assay was done in 21 cases and 9 controls using a standard protocol. Thirty three percent of bullous pemphigoid, 33% of liner IgA dermatoses and 40% of CBDC precipitated the disease specific antigens. IP in controls (9) detected specific BP antigens in 3 and specific EBA antigens in 2. This Study highlights the high specificity but low sensitivity of IP test in subepidermal blistering disorders.


A survey of radon concentrations in both indoor and outdoor atmospheres was carried out using EIRM and Cup Monitor for the period of February 1996 to March 1997. EIRM were used to measure the indoor and outdoor mdon conat five major cities university. Cup Monitor were also used to measure the indoor radon concentrations at shopping store, office building, apartment. hospital and house in Seoul. The mean indoor and outdoor radon conat the five major cities(Seoul, Daegu, Daejon, Gwangju and Busan) were 24.1 Bq/m³ and 8.62 Bq/m³ respectively. The ratio of indoor to outdoor radon concentrations ranged from 1.7 to 3.9. Inspection of its seasonal distribute pattern indicates the enhancement during winter relative to summer. consistently for both indoor and outdoor air. The results of the 'survey showed that the concentrations in basement~ were clearly higher than those in usual living! working places.


This paper investigates the feedback control of hidden Markov process(HMP) in the face of loss of some observation processes.The control action facilitates or impedes some particular transitions from an inferred current state in the attempt to maximize the probability that the HMP is driven to a desirable absorbing state.This control problem is motivated by the need for judicious resource allocation to win an air operation involving two opposing forces.The effectiveness of a receding horizon control scheme based on the inferred discrete state is examined.Tolerance to loss of sensors that help determine the state of the air operation is achieved through a decentralized scheme that estimates a continuous state from measurements of linear models with additive noise.The discrete state of the HMP is identified using three well-known detection schemes.The sub-optimal control policy based on the detected state is implemented on-line in a closed-loop,where the air operation is simulated as a stochastic process with SimEvents,and the measurement process is simulated for a range of single sensor loss rates.


Abstract : The Army is currently in the process of reducing its entire tactical wheeled vehicle fleet by approximately 50,000. These reductions include the tactical wheeled fleet of Army aviation. Although the number of vehicles will be reduced, the mobility and transportability sustainment requirements that these vehicles fulfill will remain unchanged. This means that units will no longer receive the number of vehicles required for sustainment in terms of logistics and maintenance. These reductions represent an attempt by the Army to improve fleet efficiencies by removing vehicles beyond their total life cycle utility and focusing on sustaining the remaining viable fleet. What are the implications of the reduction of tactical wheel vehicles for Army aviation? This monograph posits that there will be an overall decline in Army aviation organic readiness, capability, and capacity, and ultimately the ability to support Army and Joint Forces ground commanders. Section 1 discusses the contributions of the tactical wheeled vehicle fleet to Army aviation. Section 2 describes the methodology behind the reduction in the Army aviation tactical wheeled fleet. Section 3 presents current and possible future implications of the fleet reductions as expressed in interviews with senior Army aviation sustainers with diverse backgrounds. The interviewees provide expert opinions and firsthand insights into the positive and negative effects of tactical wheeled vehicle reductions for Army aviation. Section 4 presents two historical case studies that illustrate the results of poorly sustained forces in the face of conflict. The first case study traces the defense of Burma during World War II, and the second case study discusses the plight of Task Force Smith during the Korean War. Both serve as poignant warnings of the potential consequence of ill-sustained units. The monograph concludes that operational defeat and catastrophic failure are the ultimate systemic effects of degraded sustainment.


Gram-Schmidt and Ehlers fusion, which are well known for spectral fidelity, are described. Selecting a sandrock mine using SPOT5 as study area, spectral fidelity and high spatial information gain are used to assess the two fusion methods, which are compared with multiplication and Andorr fusion. In the whole, the Gram-Schmidt method is the best, preserving highly the original spectral information, and can provide spectrum control foundation for interpreting mine targets in the complex geology environment. Ehlers method is the second. Then Andorr method is the third, and it has the highest spatial information gain, but high frequency information is enlarged excessively, effecting on the identification of mine exploitation state. The multiplication method is the worst, because it loses the high and low frequency information, which is the most important for mine targets recognition.


Many twentieth century Marxists have paid close attention to the way in which culture reproduces and legitimates advanced capitalism. Marx's concepts of the commodity, reification, fetishism, and alienation have been used to analyse a wide range of cultural phenomena by thinkers such as Luk2~cs, Gramsci, Sartre, Lefebvre, and the Frankfurt School. At the same time, these and other theorists have attempted to describe the changes in the social processes, mode of production, and forms of social reproduction in advanced capitalism. With the stabilisation of monopoly capitalism after World War II, various European and American Marxists saw the emergence of the consumer society as the distinct form of contemporary capitalism. In this social formation, culture, as Fredric Jameson (1981, p139) has argued &dquo;far from being an occasional matter of the reading of a monthly good book or a trip to the drive in&dquo; is &dquo;the very element of consumer society itself; no society has ever been saturated with signs and messages like this one&dquo;. This phenomenon of the increased role of image and spectacle in reproducing and legitimating advanced capitalism derives from the fact that they are part of the social processes of production and distribution (Debord 1970), as well as creating consumer demand that will reproduce the consumer society (Fromm 1955; Marcuse 1964). More and more contemporary experience is mediated by cultural representation. Not only does advertising use Image and spectacle to sell commodities, but contemporary capitalism channels desire through a variety of forms of mass culture (Ewen and Ewen 1982) the media, fashion, toys and games, packaged leisure activities and the architecture, shopping malls, department stores, billboards etc, that constitute the very facade of advanced capitalism. Not only do the media shape our vision of the contemporary world, determining what most people can or cannot see and hear (Kellner 1982), but our very images of our own body, our own selves, our own personal self-worth (or lack of it) is mediated by the omnipresent images of mass culture (Featherstone 1982). In this paper, I shall outline the origins of the neo-Marxist theory and critique of the consumer society in the Frankfurt School, examine developments of their positions in contemporary Marxist theories of the consumer society, and then sketch out my own perspectives. Since I


INTRODUCTION. PART ONE: FABRIC ESTIMATION FOR PATTERN CUTTING. A technical overview of fabrics. A categorisation for designers and pattern cutters. A categorised range of fabrics. PART TWO: FABRIC AND FORM. Fabrics and garment forms. Enveloping the body shape. Fitting the body shape: woven fabrics. PART THREE: FABRIC, FORM AND FLAT PATTERN CUTTING. Exploiting fabric characteristics (crossway cutting, knitted and stretch fabrics). Combining fabrics. Subverting fabrics: adding extra structure. PART FOUR: MODEL FIGURES AND GARMENT BLOCKS. Model figures. The one-fifth scale garment blocks. Appendices. Bibliography. References


While there is abundant evidence to indicate that students make significant gains in verbal skills within school, surprisingly little is known about cognitive outcomes once individuals are separated from educational institutions. This paper develops a working causal model of the enduring effects of education which extends and elaborates Hyman, Wright and Reed's (1975) analysis. Unlike previous studies, the model developed here includes the estimated effects of intelligence measures. The data necessarily consist of a correlation matrix combined from several difference sources, primarily cross-sectional, which confound age with cohort differences. The results indicate that previous studies have seriously overestimated the enduring effects of education.


Pitch angle of rocket system is the important parts of the rocket. This part corresponds to the movement of the rocket system. Rocket system is fell into multi-input and multi-output (MIMO) system. The most challenge factor in MIMO system is designing the controller, if the design is not appropriate, it may lead to the unstable condition. Hence, appropriate and robust control design is inevitable. This paper introduces PID controller as pitch angle control of rocket system. Furthermore, PID controller parameter is optimized using improved differential evolution algorithm (IDEA). To analyze the performance of rocket system, time domain simulation is implemented. From the simulation result, it is found by using PID controller based on IDEA, the performance of pitch angle of rocket system is enhanced.


This paper presents some particular escalator modelling features and methodologies developed to dramatically reduce time cost regarding two aspects: computation and implementation.

CITEF (Railway Technologies Research Centre) has been modelling escalators for three years. During this time, several static, kinematic and dynamic escalator models have been developed and improved. In parallel, automation tools mainly intended for saving time cost have been described in a piecemeal fashion. These tools are based on the repetitiveness of the bodies, and a definition of the joints, forces and loops, and on the cyclic movement of most of the bodies involved. In addition, noise signals have been programmed from MATLAB to simulate them in SIMPACK software in order to apply robust design methods for studying and optimizing certain parameters.


An antenna real-time measuring system based on multithreading technology was established,which has high demand of real-time.Multithreading technology with its unique advantages can well meet the need,which can carry out multitasks concurrently and make full use of the performance of multiprocessor.All measured parameters could be inpu into the syetem software UI,and the UI would respond the user operation timely.In addition to this thread,extra worker threads could be created to make additional functions work in parallel,thus the real-time of the system is increased.The running status of the instruments and the measuring progress of the system is updated and displayed in real time on the UI so as to show the system status to users.At the same time,the measuring data is read and saved in real-time for further dispose and research in the future.


Glaucoma related to hypermaturity of the lens is usually of the phacolytic type.1In such cases, histiocytes laden with liquefied lens cortex (Morgagnian fluid) which has escaped through an intact lens capsule accumulate in the anterior chamber angle and obstruct the exit pathway. In the present case a different mechanism is involved in the production of glaucoma. A 71-year-old white woman was observed to have a hypermature cataract and secondary glaucoma in her right eye. The eye was blind and painful and had keratoiritis, hypopyon, and a high tension. Enucleation was performed. The left eye was aphakic, with 20/30 vision and an intraocular pressure of 18.5 mm. Hg. On histologic examination purulent exudate was observed in the anterior chamber (Fig. 1). There were broad peripheral anterior synechiae and posterior synechiae. It is noteworthy that the corneal endothelium had migrated around the pseudoangle onto the anterior iris surface (Fig. 2)


: This study aims to produce student worksheets (LKPD) of writing fantasy short stories based on character education reinforcement for seventh-grade students. The product explicitly developed aims to provide exciting teaching materials, provide learning procedures that make it easier for students and provide a learning experience based on character education reinforcement. This study is a research and development. Model of research and development adapted Borg and Gall model (1979 ). The research was conducted at SMP IT Ar Raihan Bandar Lampung, SMP AL Kautsar Bandar Lampung, and SMP Negeri 22 Bandar Lampung. Interviews and questionnaires carried out data collection techniques. The results showed that (1) The material teaches developed of the LKPD type in the material for writing fantasy short stories. The development of teaching materials is carried out based on the preliminary study that suggests supporting teaching materials in LKPD are needed in learning. The addition of the basis for character education reinforcement is intended to instill, familiarize, and equip students to become ready to face the demands of the development of science in the future. Based on the preliminary study results, data were collected in curriculum analysis, learning resources, and the types of teaching materials needed, followed by data collection to obtain the initial product design. The initial product was validated by material validators, media, and practitioners and then tested in small and large classes. The character values developed in the LKPD are religious, nationalist, independent, cooperative, and integrity values. (2) The student worksheets (LKPD) criteria of writing fantasy short stories based on character education reinforcement have excellent feasibility in design, graphics, language, and content. These criteria based on the assessment material experts scored 90.5, assessment media experts with a score of 94.25, and the assessment of practitioners with a score of 84.5. (3) The test of the effectiveness of the student worksheets (LKPD) writing fantasy short stories based character education reinforcement for seventh-grade shows the average yield of N-gain of 0.36 in the medium category, so this product is declared effective use in the learning process.


1. The diagnosis of cerebral metastasis is very probable when a primary tumour in another body organ has been identified. -2. Diagnosis is also very probable in the presence of multiple intraeranial tumours which, except in the exceptional cases of multiple neurinomas and multiple meningiomas, are always metastatic. -3. Diagnosis of metastasis is probable in the presence of an abnormal vascularity of the "rim" or "blot" type. -4. Diagnosis of metastasis can also be tentat ively made in the presence of an abnormal vaseularity, meningioma or glioblastoma type, on the basis of the form, size and type of outline. -5. In all other cases, differential diagnosis between metastases and intracraniM primary turnouts is impossible.


In order to determine whether glucagon levels of diabetic subjects are suppressible, alpha cell responsiveness to acute insulin administration (0.1 units/kg intravenously) was determined in fourteen juvenile onset, healthy diabetic and eight control subjects. In the diabetics, insulin produced a significant but slow fall in blood glucose over 60 min (P<0.01). On the other hand, glucagon levels fell dramatically in all diabetics to undetectable levels (P<0.001). Only one diabetic became hypoglycaemic and he alone showed a rebound rise of glucagon at 60 min. The rate of fall of blood glucose in the diabetic subjects was not influenced by the basal glucagon level (r= 0.13) or the rate of fall of plasma glucagon (r= 0.04). The glucose and glucagon responses of control subjects to insulin administration were in sharp contrast to the diabetics: blood glucose levels fell rapidly to hypoglycaemic levels and were associated with a major rise in glucagon levels (mean rise 116 pmol/1, P<0.001).


Abstract Homogenates were prepared from the leaves of hydroponically cultivated sunflowers (Helianthus annuus, L.) under deficient, normal and toxic B conditions and the polyphenol oxidase activity together with the ortho‐diphenolic and micronutrient content was measured every week from one month to flowering. B deficiency slightly depressed polyphenol oxidase activity and B toxicity decreased it significantly at all times, the response fitting a line versus the logarithm of the B concentration in solution. We found a positive correlation between polyphenol oxidase activity and the B content in leaves. B action on enzymatic activity seemed not to be caused by direct interaction with substrates as the infiltration of B into deficient leaves did not restore the normal activity According to our results we suggest that polyphenol oxidase activity may be a valid functional parameter to indicate the nutritional status of B in sunflower plants, if its specificity for B can be demonstrated. The ortho‐diphenolic c...


Compared with foreign express giants,there is a big gap in time,security,reputation of private express delivery company in China.The lifeline of express is the express operational processes,the efficiency and quality of express operational processes express decide the company's commitment to the customer.Firstly,the thesis points out the composition of private express delivery industry in China and leads to the main problems in the express operational processes.Then dialectically combined with process optimization,the thesis draws process optimization ideas and strives to provide constructive advice for in theory private express delivery industry in China as reference.


The horizontal variation of the sea level variability for periods between a few days and several years has been investigated using daily means of sea level records obtained along the coasts of Sweden in the period 1977–1987. Motions on these periods are forced, either "externally" by the varying sea level outside the mouth and the freshwater supply, or "internally" by varying air pressure, wind and density in the Baltic Sea. Free, natural oscillations (seiches) of the Baltic Sea are generally considered to have periods from two days and shorter, and may thus contribute some variance to the daily means of the sea level and by that to the studied motions. The externally and internally forced contributions to the sea level records in the Baltic Sea are separated using a model for the externally forced contribution. The externally forced sea level variations explain most of the variance for periods longer than one month, and between 50 and 80% of the total sea level variance in the Baltic Sea with maximum in the central parts (the Stockholm area). It is also found that for periods shorter than about one month the internally forced oscillations are kinematically similar to those occurring in the first natural seiche mode in a closed Baltic Sea, with maximal variability in the extreme north and south, and minimum in the Stockholm area. For longer periods, however, the internally forced oscillations are kinematically similar to those occurring in an open bay with increasing amplitudes from the mouth and inwards. The shift in the kinematics of the internally forced oscillations is explained by the limited transport capacity of the straits in the mouth for "high frequency" motion. DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0870.1996.t01-4-00006.x


In this paper, a boundary element method for 2D elasticity analysis is presented. The formulations are also presented. Numerical integration is applied to solve the boundary integral equation obtained from the formulation. Quadratic isoparametric elements are used to represent the variation of a variable along an element. Several


Introduction:Child sexual abuse (CSA) is an endemic threat to health. Although research on the subject has advanced considerably, there are few studies that have considered the perspectives of the region.Objective:This study sought to analyze the research trends of CSA in Latin America and the Caribbean, emphasizing on its productivity as well as the evolution of the conceptual structure.Method:For this study, a longitudinal bibliometric mapping of co-words in articles indexed in the Web of Science was conducted utilizing SciMAT.Results:Findings revealed an increase in the volume and impact of the articles published on this topic. The core corresponds to 35 articles, mostly quantitative, and published as part of international collaborations. The conceptual structure of the field addresses 19 topics with Maltreatment and Child Sexual Abuse; Risk Factors; and Family and Experiences considered as key themes; whereas Street Children and Emotional Abuse could be considered an emerging topic.Conclusions:Findings suggest that although research focusing on CSA has been continuous and steady, a process of diversification on the topics of study within this field is emerging. Lastly, the scientific community could use the research findings to identify thematic areas of interest.


The shape of a weld bead is critical in assessing the quality of the welded joint. In particular, this has a major impact in the accuracy of the results obtained from a numerical analysis. This study focuses on the statistical design techniques and the artificial neural networks, to predict the weld bead shape parameters of shielded Gas Metal Arc Welded (GMAW) fillet joints. Extensive testing was carried out on low carbon mild steel plates of thicknesses ranging from 3mm to 10mm. Welding voltage, welding current, and moving heat source speed were considered as the welding parameters. Three types of multiple linear regression models (MLR) were created to establish an empirical equation for defining GMAW bead shape parameters considering interactive and higher order terms. Additionally, artificial neural network (ANN) models were created based on similar scheme, and the relevance of specific features was investigated using SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP). The results reveal that MLR-based approach performs better than the ANN based models in terms of predictability and error assessment. This study shows the usefulness of the predictive tools to aid numerical analysis of welding.


The securing devices of the spa block is provided by one embodiment of the present invention. Securing devices of the spa block according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a fixing band that surrounds the circumferential direction of the spa block seated on the supporting member, the fixed band and the tensioning of the support members connected to each other portion, and a plurality dog fixed along the band are arranged in the circumferential direction of the spa block may include a buffer member interposed between the block and the fixing band spa.


Background and objective:  Chest CT has been widely used for the evaluation of structural changes in lung parenchyma and airways in cross‐sectional studies. There has been no report on the annual changes in airway dimensions as assessed by CT in COPD patients. The objective of this study was to investigate the annual changes in airway dimensions and lung attenuation using CT in patients with COPD and to evaluate the correlations among annual changes in CT measurements and pulmonary function.


This article comprehensively applies unit roots, cointegration analysis, vector error correction model theory and other methods, based on the time-series data of Chengdu real estate development investment (REI) and gross regional product (GDP) 1990 to 2019, in-depth research and investigation Their mutual relationship. Construct a cointegration model to describe the long-term equilibrium relationship between variables, and construct an error correction model to reflect the short-term unbalanced relationship between variables. Empirical analysis shows a significant cointegration relationship between Chengdu's real estate investment and economic growth. The vector error correction model's establishment shows that Chengdu's real estate investment and economic growths are short-term fluctuations and long-term equilibrium.


Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) 1 isolated from ovine hypothalamus and shows structural similarities to vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP). PACAP and VIP belong to secretin/glucagon family and share three types of specific receptors, PAC 1 , VPAC 1 , and VPAC 2 . 2 In the cardiovascular system, PACAP has been well characterized as a potent vasodepressor or vasodilator, through a cAMP-dependent mechanism. Immunoreactivity of PACAP was demonstrated in nerve fibers of the adventitia and the adventitia-media border. 3 Previously we demonstrated that VPAC 2 predominantly exists in rat VSMC, and that PACAP dose dependently increases intracellular cAMP levels and regulates the proliferation of rat VSMC. 4 Nitric oxide (NO) is considered to inhibit the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle by stimulating the production of cGMP, 5 as well as by preventing leukocyte and platelet adhesion. 6 Among the three isozymes, inducible NO synthase (iNOS) activity is induced in aortic rings and cultured vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) by cytokines and endotoxins, 7 indicating its pathophysiological implication in atherosclerosis. In the study reported here, we investigated the effects of PACAP on NO synthesis by measuring the production of nitrite, a stable metabolite of NO, in cultured rat VSMC.


Copolymers of aniline and p-phenylenediamine were prepared by joint chemical oxidation of these chemicals with ammonium peroxydisulphate in aqueous medium. The temperature and frequency dependences of the impedance and permittivity of copolymers were measured. The exponential dependence of resistivity on aniline content was observed.


Introduction The treatment of thrombi in the renal vein (RV) and inferior vena cava (IVC) requires advanced laparoscopic experience. We present three cases of hand-assisted laparoscopic nephrectomy (HALN) using a novel technique for treating advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) with thrombi in the RV and IVC. Case Presentation. Three patients with RCC with RV or IVC thrombus below level I underwent HALN. Two patients had right RCC with RV and IVC thrombi. One patient had left RCC with an RV thrombus. We hooked a vessel loop to the end of the thrombus and pulled it up manually to make space for vascular processing. The RV was narrowed and dissected using Hem-o-lok clips or an Endo GIA stapler. Conclusion In carefully selected cases, renal vascular processing could be easily and safely performed using a vessel loop in HALN with thrombectomy.


For over 15 years, upper respiratory tract obstruction due to adenoton‐sillar hypertrophy has been known to cause hypoxia, hypercapnia, increased pulmonary vascular resistance and thereby cor pulmonale and congestive heart failure. This is now an uncommon but not rare entity and three recent cases prompted this report. The typical patient is dyspneic with retractions, cyanosis, occasional periods of apnea and somnolence. Edema and hepatomegaly and at times splenomegaly are common. X‐rays show cardiomegaly, which on electrocardiogram is found to involved mainly the right ventricle.


A general numerical method is given to extract angular correlations from photodissociation experiments with ion imaging detection. The angular correlations among the transition dipole moment of the parent molecule, μ, the photoproduct recoil velocity, v, and its angular momentum, j, are parametrized analytically using the semiclassical bipolar moment scheme due to Dixon. The method is a forward-convolution scheme which allows quantitative extraction of all measurable bipolar moments and can be applied in experiments with both linearly and circularly polarized probe light. It avoids the cylindrical symmetry limitations of the inverse Abel transform method, traditionally used for extracting photoproduct recoil anisotropy and speed distribution from imaging data. The method presented here also takes into account the possibility of multiple photodissociation channels. The features of the method are illustrated in a two-color 1+1′ REMPI-ion imaging study of the NO photoproduct trajectories resulting from the 6...


In order to use Carbon Fiber Sheet reasonably,the width affection of Carbon Fiber Sheet Reinforced Plates is Analyzed by numerical simulation with finite element software ANSYS in this paper.Firstly,the models effectiveness is verified,and then the crack propagation and the crack appearance,carrying capacity,bending deflection and interfacal debonding stress of 6 CFRP plates are analyzed with different glue types.The results show that the carrying capacity and interfacal debonding stress are significantly affected by width affection,but the cracks and the bending deflection are on the contrary.It makes realistic meaning to study the width affection of Carbon Fiber Sheet.


Objectives: This study aimed at investigating the degree of Arabic language teachers possession of online learning form their point of views.
Methods: This study used descriptive survey approach and the  samples of the study were chosen randomly for the Arabic language teachers in the schools that follow private directorate of education  at Al Qwismeh Directorate in Amman. 98 male and female Arabic teachers who were selected as a sample.
Results: The study showed that the possession of Arabic teachers of online learning competencies were high; the competency of online evaluation  is the on the first rank and the competency of dealing with the network and its program in the last rank . also , the results showed that there is no statistical differences (0.05) among the range of online education competencies .
Conclusions: In light of the results, the study recommends the need to increase the awareness of teachers of the importance of using modern and effective means, and its role in improving and developing the outputs of distance education, and holding more courses and workshops specialized in the use of educational technology in the educational process, and focusing on the use of computers.


The article will discuss the importance of the phalanx as a way to point out cultural links and cultural competition between Greeks and Romans. It will argue that there is a wider discourse in military literature on the phalanx as a cultural commodity, by both historians and authors of 'military manuals', each author building on the arguments of the other, and that the Taktika of Aelian and Arrian are a key link in understanding this discourse in the context of the second century AD.


Computer organization principle is a basic course for the computer department students,which contains many compli cate and abstract conceptions.And to understand these conceptions,students need compose them into a system and connect them with each other.The complexity of this course requires the teachers higher.This paper bases on our teaching experiments,pro poses one teaching method of computer organization principle that treats the data as the main thread.This method combines the theory teaching and the computer simulation;let the students study more intuitively and understandably.


Penelope A. Moyers President of the American Occupational Therapy Association Iwas presenting on the West Coast and had to make a connecting flight through Cincinnati. The weather was very bad, which meant the flight home was delayed. Everyone in the gate area was tense and irritable. Finally we loaded onto the last plane out for the night, one of those small regional planes where you can barely squeeze into a seat. First class was not an option. People were scowling at each other and trying to shove large bags into tiny spaces. I was sitting near the front of the plane and, as I was buckling my seat belt, I saw a man coming toward me dressed in a sequined American flag costume. I was sure I recognized him. In fact, I realized it was Little Richard! He sat down next to me and looked at me, and I looked at him. I immediately forgot his name and said the first thing that popped into my head: "Good Golly Miss Molly." He laughed, jumped up, and began to sing this song, parading up and down the isle. Everyone started clapping, singing, and dancing in their seats and in the aisle. The flight attendants had a terrible time getting people to sit down so we could take off but, once in flight, as soon as the captain gave the sign we could move around the cabin, Little Richard started singing and dancing all over again. He went through his entire repertoire and rendered a free concert. What seemed like just another travel experience became an extraordinary journey! This story is an analogy for how I feel about the American Occupational Therapy Association's (AOTA's; 2007) 2017 Centennial Vision. It is not just another strategic plan on the shelf, not just another plane ride, but it too will be an extraordinary journey. There will be unexpected surprises and, by the end, we will have flourished because of our strong impact on the health and wellness of society! When we encounter the extraordinary along the Centennial Vision journey, I for one will remember the performance of Little Richard and the way in which his personal dynamism and power were able to ignite enthusiasm and positively affect the experience of everyone. I am eager about what awaits us in the future, and I want to tell you how I plan to contribute to our progress along this journey. We must thank our immediate past president, Dr. Carolyn Baum, and our past vice-president, Dr. Charles Christiansen, for their foresight in mobilizing our energy to develop this Vision for 2017. Penelope A. Moyers, EdD, OTR/L, BCMH, FAOTA, is Chair, Department of Occupational Therapy, University of Alabama at Birmingham, RMSB 354, 1530 Third Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35294-1212; email@example.com This article was taken from Dr. Moyers's address given at the 2007 Annual Conference & Expo of the American Occupational Therapy Association, held in St. Louis, Missouri, April 20–23, 2007.


In the April 2006 issue of the Journal of Clinical Microbiology , Shah et al. reported the simultaneous presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium bovis in 22 human cerebrospinal fluid specimens ([5][1]). The method used to reveal the alleged coinfection was a novel nested PCR (N-PCR)


of the clinicians' skin examinations, their sensitivity threshold for finding early skin cancers, a difference in the prevalence of skin cancer in the patients they examined, or some combination of these factors. For these reasons, we urge caution in advocating for the use of NNB as a performance metric for skin cancer care. Regardless of the outcome measure used, it is important to distinguish between melanoma and nonmelanoma skin cancer in assessing skin cancer cost-effectiveness. It is also important to note that achieving 100% sensitivity for melanoma, let alone nonmelanoma skin cancer, would result in numerous biopsies even in the hands of experts.3,4


Smart textile behaviour encompasses changes over time, which are triggered upon a sensed stimulus. With a focus on dynamic qualities, this research sought to study how gradual and reversible transitions of smart textiles can be influenced by the activation variable – stimuli magnitude. Taking into account an analysis of different external stimuli for the same property change, the experimental work was conducted with Colour Change Materials, namely textiles screen printed with thermo, photo and hydrochromic pigments. The results attained demonstrate how stimuli magnitude can affect textile temporal expressions, in this case: hue, saturation and lightness, as well as pace change. In addition, different considerations also arose in respect to each stimulus' energy type and interdependencies between stimuli types. Contributing to the understanding of dynamic qualities of smart textiles and chromic materials' properties, this research also discusses further alternatives to explore textile behaviour towards new design possibilities for smart textiles as dynamic interfaces.


To understand spatial distribution and variation of diffuse solar radiation in mountainous area is essential in the mountain research and development.The topographic variables including altitude,slope,aspect,and shading were derived from DEM with high spatial resolution.The distribution model of diffuse solar radiation with high spatial resolu- tion was established by the means of GIS technology.The model realized the visual expression of the actual spatial dis- tribution of diffuse solar radiation value.The spatial distribution characteristics of monthly diffuse solar radiation were analyzed.It could be important in the research fields of agriculture,forestry and ecology in mountain area.


How does the chained consumer price index (CPI) differ from the traditional CPI and what would be the budgetary effects of using the chained CPI to make automatic adjustments in Social Security, other federal programs, and the tax code?


A sixth-order quadrupole boson Hamiltonian is used to describe 26 states 0+ and 67 states 2+ which have been recently identified in 168Er. Two closed expressions are alternatively used for energy levels. One corresponds to a semi-classical approach while the other one represents the exact eigenvalue of the model Hamiltonian. The semi-classical expression involves four parameters, while the exact eigenvalue is determined by five parameters. In each of the two descriptions a least-squares fit procedure is adopted. Both expressions provide a surprisingly good agreement with the experimental data. Very simple expressions for the reduced E2 transition probabilities are derived within the two approaches.


Expression of the homeodomain transcription factor IDX-1 (also known as IPF-1, STF-1, and PDX-1) is required for pancreas development, because disruption of the gene in mice and humans results in pancreatic agenesis. During embryonic development the idx-1 gene is first expressed in a localized region of foregut endoderm from which the duodenum and pancreas later develop. To more fully understand the role of IDX-1 in pancreas development, transgenic mice expressing the Escherichia coli lacZ gene under control of the 5′-proximal 4.6 kb of the idx-1 promoter were created as a reporter for the developmental expression of IDX-1. Here we show that the determinants for the developmental and tissue-specific expression of the endogenous idx-1 gene are faithfully reproduced by the 4.6-kb region of the idx-1 promoter. Expression of lacZ is detected in the development of the exocrine and endocrine pancreas in pancreatic ducts, common bile and cystic ducts, pyloric glands of the distal stomach, Brunner's glands, the i...


Cochlear implant has been successfully applied in clinic. Recent research indicates vision implants may be the potential way to restore sight for the blind. Here, prin- ciple and common structure of vision implants are introduced. Main vision ap- proaches of retinal, optic nerve, and cortical prosthesis are reviewed. In our pro- gress, electrical response at visual cortex is recorded, when penetrating electrodes stimulate rabbit optic nerve, vision implants based on optic nerve stimulator chip (ONSC) and Chipcon radio frequency (RF) chip are under developing. Despite sev- eral obstacles to overcome, promising results in animal and human experiments give scientists confidence that artificial vision implants will bring light to the blind in the near future.


Balanced Scorecard as a tool warning against the loss of public trust The purpose of this article is to present the applicability of Balanced Scorecard in entities in order to identify and resolve problems in public trust area. The basic research method applied is study of literature. The analysis performed by the author leads to the conclusion that Balanced Scorecard is a universal and flexible tool of management accounting and can be used as part of a system warning entities against the loss of public trust.


Following their conversion to dithiocarbamate ligands and thence to nickel complexes, enantiomeric mixtures of ephedrine or pseudoephedrine may be separated and quantitated by reversed-phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) using ternary solvent mixtures. The solvent used to dissolve the complexes prior to injection was found to have a significant effect on the separation. In a similar manner, a mixture of the diastereoisomers ephedrine and pseudoephedrine was separated and quantitatively analysed using a binary solvent as the mobile phase. This separation was achieved both with prior formation of the nickel complexes and also with on-column formation using nickel(II) ions in the mobile phase. The analysis of diastereoisomeric contaminants in pharmaceutical products and raw materials containing ephedrine or pseudoephedrine is illustrated.


Transport mechanisms of idaruhicin (IDA) in HL60 cells, as leukemia cells, and human mononuclear cells (MNCs), as normal cells, were investigated, and compared with those of its analogs. The uptake of IDA by both cell types was temperature‐ and concentration‐dependent, was inhibited competitively by daunorubicin (DNR) and noncompetitively by adriamycin (ADR), and was stimulated by preloading of the cells with DNR and ADR, indicating the partial involvement of a carrier‐mediated mechanism. On pretreatment of the cells with 2,4‐dinitrophenol, IDA uptake by HL60 cells increased, but that by MNCs decreased, suggesting that IDA was partially taken up into HL60 cells via an energy‐independent carrier system, and into MNCs via an energy‐dependent one. We speculated that in HL60 cells the carrier concerned with IDA uptake was common to DNR and ADR, and that the binding site of IDA on the carrier was the same as that for DNR, but not that for ADR, while in MNCs the carrier system consisted of, at least in part, a carrier for DNR uptake and one for ADR uptake, and the binding site of IDA was identical to that for DNR in the former, but different from that for ADR in the latter. It appeared that the uptake of IDA was greater than those of pirarubicin, DNR and ADR in both HL60 cells and MNCs, and that IDA was incorporated into MNCs more efficiently than into HL60 cells because of the higher uptake efficacy of the carrier(s).


This paper presents two analytical redundancy relation generation methods used for fault detection. These methods are then applied to bond graph models. The first method rests on the structural and the behavioural properties of the system. The basic idea is to collect all information the bond graph is able to give in order to construct a matrix which might be considered as a bipartite graph constituted of a set of relations between all the variables of the system, The analytical redundancy relations may be generated by dividing the system of relations into over, just and under-determined subsystems; a special handling of the over-determined subsystem leads to the result. The second method, which can be used to reach the same results but is limited to linear model, rests on the projection of all the relations on a vector space orthogonal to that generated by all the unknown variables.


A ruthenium(ii)-catalyzed coupling reaction of isatoic anhydrides and salicylaldehydes has been developed for the synthesis of 2-aminobenzoates. This reaction proceeds through metal-catalyzed decarbonylation and decarboxylation to afford good yields of aryl 2-aminobenzoates.


PURPOSE: A producing method of acer mono max sap powder, a beverage containing thereof, and a producing method of the beverage are provided to improve the storage property of the beverage without using an artificial sweetener. CONSTITUTION: A producing method of acer mono max sap powder comprises the following steps: filtering acer mono max sap to remove impurities; vacuum concentrating the filtered sap until the volume is reduced into 1/30-1/50; adding water, maltodextrine powder having the dextrose equivalent of 11-14 as a starch hydrolysate, and crystalline fructose into the sap; and obtaining powder from the mixture using a spray-drier or a freeze-drier.


In order to meet the need of applied talents cultivation in big scale in local universities and to avoid the staleness and fossilization of traditional specialties and curriculum system,Linyi Normal University undertake an innovative curriculum system with two tool courses,two diathesis courses and profession career design as stem courses on the basis of the need of original talents centering on the nurturing of applied talents,orienting on the employment purpose,borrowing and absorbing on the successful experience of foreign universities under the idea of "finding the path from the exit backward",using and absorbing the advanced resource.In order to explore an innovative path for local universities to improve connotation construction from foundation level,we make resources allocation based on five key elements of single course,taking curriculum construction as the basic carrier and condense our running actions and recourses.


When the seismogenic zone formed,these local geomagnetic field at all stakes along mobile geomagnetic survey line changed "in same direction",that is δf0 or δf0 in same line and same survey period.Because these local geomagnetic fields of mobile δf at all stake in same line and same survey period changed "in same direction", it may be anomaly information; Moderate and minor earthquake will occur near the survey line.


Thallium (Tl) is an extremely toxic trace element with high bioaccumulation. Selective and ultrafast Tl+ removal from water is critical to the safety of water resources but remains a grand...


Recent research suggests that participation in organized extracurricular activities by children and adolescents can have educational and occupational payoffs. This research also establishes that participation is strongly associated with social class. However, debate has ensued—primarily among qualitative researchers—over whether the association between class and activities stems exclusively from inequalities in objective resources and constraints or whether differing cultural orientations have a role. We address this debate using a nationally representative sample of children's time diaries, merged with extensive information on their families, to model participation in, and expenditures on, organized activities. While we cannot directly observe cultural orientations, we account for a substantially wider array of resources and constraints than previous studies. We find that, above and beyond these factors, maternal education has a consistently large effect on the outcomes we study. We discuss the plausibility of a cultural interpretation of this result, as well as alternative interpretations.


ABSTRACT

The present research work is carried out in the company Coansa del Peru Ingenieros S.A.C.,
cajamarquina company that is dedicated to the mining and construction sector.
The general objective of the study was to design a maintenance plan focused on reliability (RCM)
in the 336DL hydraulic excavator fleet to reduce repair costs in the company Coansa del Peru
Ingenieros S.A.C.
To achieve the aforementioned objective, a diagnosis of the Maintenance area was first made to
know the factors that generate delays and repair costs in the 336DL hydraulic excavators;
Likewise, the maintenance indicators were evaluated in order to implement improvements that help
reduce repair costs and at the same time allow the company to rely on reliable equipment.
According to the results obtained, a maintenance plan focused on reliability has been designed,
thus allowing the company to comply with the maintenance plan at 100%, increase the average
operative time to failure by 74%, decrease the frequency of failures by 40%, reduce the average
time out of service by 22%, increase mechanical availability by 5.4%, reduce maintenance costs by
18% and reduce the costs of unavailability due to failures in a 62 %.
The financial evaluation for the implementation of the maintenance plan focused on reliability
(RCM), allowed us to know the viability of the project, obtaining a NPV of S /. 99,620.46, a TIR of
71%, a WACC of 13% with a profitability index of S /. 1.56.
Keywords: Plan, maintenance, reliability, 336DL hydraulic excavators, repair costs, frequency of
failures, availability, repair time.


The cover picture shows two examples of electroinduced formation and transformation of oxido-bridged manganese complexes with polypyridyl ligands. The first example displays interconversion between mononuclear, dinuclear and tetranuclear cores accompanied by the concomitant formation (by oxidation) or breaking (by reduction) of μ-oxido bridges. In the second example, core interconversion between μ-oxido and μ-acetato bridges in dinuclear manganese complexes is depicted. The background picture shows a schematic representation of the photoinduced formation of a dinuclear di-μ-oxido-bridged manganese core from a mononuclear one in a superstructured complex of ruthenium and manganese. Details are presented in the Microreview by M.-N. Collomb and A. Deronzier on p. 2025 ff. The authors thank Dr. Damien Jouvenot for his help in designing the cover picture.


The author determines the main features of copyrighting, analyses copyright in relation to the main characteristics of journalistic texts in order to find out whether copyrighting in online media is a new type of journalistic texts.


Practical booklet for people with learning difficulties/disabilities with mental health problems and behaviour problems/challenging behaviour that have a Statement of Special Educational Need (SSEN).For these people there exists a prescribed programme of planning for transition from year 9 (age 14), the SEN Code of Practice (DfES 2001).


AC electrospinning [1] is a method of forming a nanofibrous mass resulting from electro-hydrodynamic instabilities caused by the effect of an external altering electric field. Hydrodynamic instabilities are traditionally studied by Rayleigh's linear stability analysis. The periodically variable electric field intensity provides with the instability that is governed by a second-order linear differential equation for the time evolution of the capillary wave amplitude [2]. This equation has an oscillating parameter and is called Mathieu's equation. ∂2A(τ) ∂τ2 + (a − 2q cos 2τ)A(τ) = 0, where A(τ) is the wave amplitude, which argument is the dimensionless time τ [2]. Dimensionless parameters a and q encompass physico-chemical parameters of a spun polymeric solution (surface tension and mass density), parameters of the physical fields (amplitude, frequency of an electric field and acceleration of the gravitational field) and the wave number of the destabilized liquid surface. According to Floquet's theorem, instable solutions of Mathieu's equation are represented by a product of exponential functions e with the periodic function φ(a, q, τ) [3]. The parameter μ(a, q) is so-called Mathieu characteristic exponent that can be evaluated numerically using Wolfram Mathemetica software. Maximal values of Mathieu characteristic exponent enables to predict basic features of the fastest forming instability, i.e., the distance between neighbouring jets (their wavelength λ) and characteristic hydrodynamic time of AC electrospinning onset. A result of such analysis is introduced in Fig. 1, where a universal curve for DC electrospinning is compared with the AC one based on spinning of Polyvinyl butyral (PVB) nanofibers from ethanol solution. An important feature of this comparison is that AC electrospinning provides destabilization even for subcritical values of electrospinning number [4], Γc < ε0acE0 2


Oxidative coupling by using molybdenum pentachloride provides fast and modular access to sophisticated thienoacenes in excellent yields. The coupling process can be accomplished with thiophene and benzothiophene derivatives and provides various complex skeletons such as spirocyclic compounds. In this approach, the first cross-coupling reactions with the use of MoCl5 were established and important motifs for semiconducting materials were synthesized.


CJEU GREENLIGHTS 'REMEDYING PROCEDURAL SHORT-COMINGS IN RETURN FOR (PROPORTIONATE) PAYMENT' (C-523/16 & C-536/16)* In its Judgment of 28 February 2018 in MA.T.I. SUD, C-523/16, EU:C:2018:135,…


The problem of Preschool teacher's professional competency formation in USA and Germany is analyzed in the article. Different approaches to the process of professional teaches' preparation organization are analysed by the author; components of future preschool teachers' professional competency that proved by American and German scientists are distinguished in the issue; conditions of creative self-realization in the process of professional activity are argued in the given article


Sheets would be cracked during their deep drawing. In order to solve this problem, many scholars are mainly devoted to changing the blank-holder force to control the cracks in their published literatures. The paper introduces a texture coefficient and uses elastic-plastic mechanics and the relation between the material coefficient and the texture coefficient of Hill yield criterion to the relation between the texture coefficient and thickness increment during the deep drawing. Then the paper proves the relation through examples, we can reduce the possibility of crack occurrence during the deep drawing by changing the texture coefficient.


FIELD: medical engineering. SUBSTANCE: device has supporting member manufactured from material issuing radiation in remote infrared bandwidth and anions and retaining magnet and needle in itself in a way that the magnet gets in touch with the needle. The magnet is used for producing magnetic field lines and the needle is used for radiating magnetic field lines from the magnet into human body region of importance. The supporting member is enclosed into hollow casing where needle end is drawn from the lower casing end on selection. External thread is available on the lower casing end. The upper casing end is closed with removable external stub member. Cap is movably screwed on over external casing thread. An opening for receiving needle end is available in the central part of the cap wall. Open needle length outside of the device cap is adjustable on desire by tightening or relieving cap having internal thread relative to casing having external thread. EFFECT: enhanced effectiveness of treatment. 11 cl, 9 dwg


Left-right differences in visual field accuracy obtained in studies of tachistoscopic recognition have been typically discussed in terms of a covert post exposure scanning process derived from the horizontal eye movements (EM) habitually used in reading. Further, some evidence exists that indicates the occurrence of EM concomitant with the recognition process. By monitoring EM during a representative recognition task, the present study attempted to establish the relation between overt EM elicited by the task, and response accuracy. Using a projection tachistoscope (duration 100 msec.), 8 female Ss were presented with a random trial series of 8-element letter, number, and symbol arrays exposed bilaterally, and 4 letter arrays exposed unilaterally. In a second trial series, bilateral and unilateral letter arrays were presented at a 1 sec. duration. A high resolution corneal reflection technique was used to detect the latency and direction of EM. The pattern of recognition accuracy for alphanumeric stimuli generally conformed to the results of previous investigations based on grouped data. Marked individual variation was noted in the present results, suggesting a source of variability worthy of analysis. Response accuracy obtained for symbol arrays was highly variable and demonstrated a lack of lateral disparity, indicating an iii unstructured encoding process for this material. The post exposure EM was established as a reliable phenomenon, identical in topography to the EM evoked with the stimulus present. However, the EM behaviour did not relate to recognition accuracy, a result that does not limit the use of reading EM as a model for the scanning process. Rather, the lack of relation does indicate that overt EM are not involved in that process. Further implications of the EM and recognition results for theory and future research are discussed in detail.


Norway deregulated the electricity market through the new Energy Act in 1991. In the period from 1991 until 1997, the network companies were regulated by a rate of return or cost plus model. The regulator put a cap on the rate of return to limit the monopoly profit. In 1997 the regulator introduced a new model to regulate the network companies, based on a maximum total income for the companies. The main objective was to introduce actions to support the overall objectives in the Energy Act of 1991 to have an efficient utilisation of the energy resources in Norway. This paper describes the different aspects of the regulation model in Norway and how it allows the companies to get a return on new investments through the tariffs.


15N Substituent chemical shifts (measured at natural abundantc at 0.4 M concentration) and calculated (ab initio, STO‐3G) electron densities at the nitrogen and oxygen (or sulphur) are reported for series of para and meta‐substituted benzamides and thiobenzamides with NMe2, NH2, OMe, NHCOMe, F, Cl, Br, I, Me, H, COMe, COOMe, CF3, CN, NO2, CONH2 and CSNH2 substituents. The 15N shift are very sensitive to the substituent effects. The dual substituent parameter method shows excellent correlations of 15N shifts against substituent field and resonance effects, with the sensitivity in the thiobenzamides being double that in the benzamides. In contrast, calculated π‐electron densities at the nitrogen show the same sensitivity to substituents in both series. The 15N shifts correlate well with the calculated π‐electron densities at the nitrogen; however, estimates of the shielding based on local electron densities (described in Pople's independent electron model) cannot account for the increased sensitivity to the substituent effects observed for 15N chemical shifts of thiobenzamides. It is suggested that non‐local shielding from sulphur and oxygen are responsible for the chemical shift trends.


This paper deals with the standardization of transliteration of loanwords in Japanese. For the further research, the author of the paper investigates and studies the process of the standardization, including its grounds, principles, schemes and development.


In this paper, we investigate the effects of the quantity {sigma}{sub {ital TS}} on the spin structure functions of nucleons in the resonance region. The Schwinger sum rule for the spin structure function {ital g}{sub 2}({ital x},{ital Q}{sup 2}) at the real photon limit is derived for the nucleon treated as a composite system, and it provides a crucial constraint on the longitudinal transition operator which has not been treated consistently in the literature. The longitudinal amplitude {ital S}{sub 1/2} is evaluated in the quark model with the transition operator that generates the Schwinger sum rule. The numerical results of the quantity {sigma}{sub {ital TS}} are presented for both spin structure functions {ital g}{sub 1}({ital x},{ital Q}{sup 2}) and {ital g}{sub 2}({ital x},{ital Q}{sup 2}) in the resonance region. Our results show that this quantity plays an important role in the low {ital Q}{sup 2} region, which can be tested in future experiments at CEBAF. {copyright} {ital 1996 The American Physical Society.}


Let G be a molecular graph, a topological index is a numeric quantity related to G which is invariant under graph automorphisms. The eccentric connectivity index ξ(G) is defined as ξ(G) = ∑vV(G) d x ε(v) where dv, ε(v) denote the degree of vertex v in G and the largest distance between vand any other vertex u of G. The connective eccentric index of graph G is defined as Cξ(G) = ∑vV(G) dv /ε(v) In the present paper we compute the connective eccentric index of CircumcoroneneHomologous Series of Benzenoid Hk (k ≥ 1).


In this work an optical reversible bistate joint NIMPLY (BJN) logic gate was designed using two-dimensional photonic crystals. The gate was designed using an asymmetrical waveguide with reference to a point defect introduced at the center of the structure. The desired logic functions were obtained in the forward and reverse state using the principle of interference of light. The defect rod radius and length of the waveguide using a line defect were chosen to introduce constructive and destructive interference of light. The BJN gate has a low footprint of 40.83 µm2 and the resonant wavelength was designed to be 1550 nm. The finite-difference time-domain method was used to attain the wave propagation and photonic bandgap for the proposed structure. The maximum contrast ratio of the reversible optical BJN gate in the forward and reverse states was found to be 25.11 dB and 24.86 dB, respectively.


Fatigue failure of turbine blades originating from pitting corrosion is a critical issue for power plant. Herein, we study the pitting corrosion resistance of cast CA6NM as turbine blade material in simulated geothermal environment with and without CO2 gas by using cyclic polarization measurement. Three different molybdenum and nitrogen content of CA6NM were used for experiments: (i) CA6NM with a molybdenum content of 1 wt.% and without addition of nitrogen, (ii) CA6NM with a molybdenum content of 2 wt.% and without addition of nitrogen, (iii) CA6NM with a molybdenum content of 2 wt.% and nitrogen content 0.1 wt.%. The measurement reveals CA6NM with molybdenum 2 wt.% and nitrogen 0.1 wt.% is the most resistance to pitting corrosion in simulated artificial geothermal brine with and without CO2 gas.


Field experiments were conducted during 2006–08 to study the effect of different organic manures in comparison to inorganic inputs on growth, yield, and quality attributes of capsicum (Capsicum annum L.) and garden pea (Pisum sativum L.). Application of poultry manure (5 tonnes/ha) + biofertilizer produced capsicum plant biomass and yield at par with integrated nutrient management (recommended NPK + farmyard manure@10 tonnes/ha + biofertilizer). Highest ascorbic acid content (25.23 mg/100 g) was recorded with integrated nutrient management, followed by poultry manure+ biofertilizer (19.26 mg/100 g) and combined use of farmyard manure + poultry manure + vermicompost + biofertilizer (18.83 mg/100 g). Minimum incidence of cercospora leaf spot (11.18%) was recorded in poultry manure + biofertilizer treatment, integrated nutrient management and vermicompost+ biofertilizer treatments. Significantly higher incidence of leaf blight of capsicum was observed in organic treatments in comparison to integrated nutrient management. Poultry manure + biofertilizer resulted in plant height, number of pods/plant, pod length, number of seeds/pod and yield of garden pea at par with integrated nutrient management. Significant change in physico-chemical properties of soil like bulk density, pH, organic carbon, available nitrogen and available phosphorus was observed in different treatments. Incidence of Fusarium root rot was lower in poultry manure + biofertilizer (11.42%) and FYM treatments (12.06%) compared to integrated nutrient management (46.75%). Highest B:C ratio was recorded with poultry manure+ biofertilizer for capsicum (35.4) and garden pea (14.3).


Lithium‐oxygen batteries represent a significant scientific challenge for high‐rate and long‐term cycling using oxygen electrodes that contain efficient electrocatalysts. The mixed transition metal oxide catalysts provide the most efficient catalytic activity for partial heterogeneous surface cations with oxygen vacancies as the active phase. They include multiple oxidation states and oxygen vacancies. Here, using a combination of transmission electron microscopy, differential electrochemical mass spectrometry, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and electrochemical properties to probe the surface of the MnMoO4 nanowires, it is shown that the intrinsic MnMoO4 oxygen vacancies on the oxygen electrode are an effective strategy to achieve a high reversibility and high efficiency for lithium‐oxygen (Li‐O2) batteries. The modified MnMoO4 nanowires exhibit a highly stable capacity at a fixed capacity of 5000 mA h gsp−1 (calculated weight of Super P carbon black) during 50 cycles, a high‐rate capability at a current rate of 3000 mA gsp−1 during 70 cycles, and a long‐term reversible capacity during 188 cycles at a fixed capacity of 1000 mA h gsp−1. It is demonstrated that this strategy for creating mixed transition metal oxides (e.g., MnMoO4) may pave the way for the new structural design of electrocatalysts for Li‐O2 batteries.


South East emergency services were kept busy on Sunday attending callouts across the region due to gale force winds and out of control burn offs.


Keywords: teaching, English, method, technique, media, evaluation
 English is an international language, which must be mastered by the students. Mastery English is important to be successful in the globalization era to achieve good ability in speaking. Teaching speaking must covers some good aspects, those are materials, methods, media, strategy, and evaluation in teaching process. Thus starting point from those survey and statements, it encouraged the researcher to conduct the research about a study on teaching speaking at SMAN 1 Boyolangu. Since this, the students of this school has high achievement in speaking English.
 The formulation of the research problems were: 1) What materials are used in teaching speaking at SMAN 1 Boyolangu? 2) What methods are used for teaching speaking at SMAN 1 Boyolangu? 3) What media are used in teaching speaking at SMAN 1 Boyolangu? 4) What strategies are used on teaching speaking at SMAN 1 Boyolangu? 5) What is the evaluation in teaching speaking at SMAN 1 Boyolangu?
 The purposes of this research were to: 1) Find out the materials in teaching speaking at SMAN 1 Boyolangu, 2) Find out the methods used for teaching speaking at SMAN 1 Boyolangu, 3) Find out the media on teaching speaking at SMAN 1 Boyolangu, 4) Find out the strategies on teaching speaking at SMAN 1 Boyolangu, 5) Find out the evaluation in teaching speaking at SMAN 1 Boyolangu
 Research Method: 1) Research design of this research was descriptive design with qualitative approach, 2) Subject of this research are English teacher and eleventh graders of Science of SMAN 1 Boyolangu, 3) Data in form of information are gotten from interview transcript, lesson plan and syllabus, and some photos, 4) Data collecting method is by using interview guide, observation guide, and documentation, 5) Data analysis by using inductive analysis method. They are data reduction, data display, drawing conclusion or interpretation.
The result showed that The teacher materials used in teaching speaking at SMAN 1 Boyolangu is based on the topic and Curriculum from which is suggested by the government. The methods used for teaching speaking at SMAN 1 Boyolangu used some technique Communicative language teaching, Total physical response, and Audi Lingual Method. The media are used in teaching English at SMAN 1 Boyolangu such as, internet (for example Google, VOA, ABC), video, picture, magazine, handbook that uses English Zone published by Erlangga and Intan Pariwara as work book and which contains with the lesson in the classroom in order the students easy to understand the lesson.The strategies on teaching speaking at SMAN 1 Boyolangu are oral interview, story retelling, and role-play. The evaluation that used in teaching speaking at SMAN 1 Boyolangu is oral language assessment.


In this work experiments have been performed in order to study the synthesis of 2,6-dimethylnaphthalene (DMN) via dehydrocyclizing 1-(p-tolyl)-2-methylbutane over Pt/SiO2, V/Ca/Al2O3, and unimpregnated or potassium-impregnated Cr2O3/Al2O3 catalysts. The obtained liquid product mixture consisted of 1,6-cyclization products (dimethylnaphthalenes) and dealkylated 1,6-cyclization products (2-methylnaphthalene and naphthalene), 1,5-cyclization products (trimethylindanes and -indenes), and fragmentation products (mainly p-xylene and 3-(p-tolyl)-propylenes) and 1-(p-tolyl)-2-methylbutenes. Among 10 possible DMN isomers 1,5-, 1,6-, 2,6-, and 2,7-DMN were identified. Metal catalysts V/Ca/Al2O3 (5 wt % vanadium) and Pt/SiO2 (1 wt % platinum) were slightly more active than unimpregnated commercial Cr2O3/Al2O3. After 1 h on-stream time the conversion of 1-(p-tolyl)-2-methylbutane was 96 mol % when the artificial contact time (1/weight-hourly space velocity (WHSV)) was 5.7 h at 783 K over unimpregnated Cr2O3/Al2O3. Po...


In this paper, we describe an architecture, continuously monitors a particular region's heat and humidity. The sensor node in the architecture delivers the data in a real time basis to the center point after request or every specific period of time. The collected data is visualized in the center point which is called "'server"'. The proposed architecture has three different areas. In the first area, the sensor devices which read the region's temperature and humidity values are defined. These sensor devices are used as a mobile sensor agents in the architecture. General Packet Radio Services (GPRS) and GPS module are integrated on the agents. There is a continuous contact with sensor agents. In the second area, the components which get the data read from sensor agents and record to the database in the server are defined. In the third area, the data mining and data visualization studies are performed on the recorded data. The knowledge which is obtained after the data mining and data processing is presented on all different platforms such as web and mobile devices.


Background One of the major challenges in arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) ablation is ventricular tachycardia (VT) non-inducibility. The study aimed to assess whether fast rate (≥ 250 beats/min) right ventricular burst stimulation was useful for VT induction in patients with ARVC. Methods Ninety-one consecutive ARVC patients with clinical sustained VT that underwent electrophysiological study were enrolled. The stimulation protocol was implemented at both right ventricular apex and outflow tract as follows: Step A, up to double extra-stimuli; Step B, incremental stimulation with low rate (< 250 beats/min); Step C, burst stimulation with fast rate (≥ 250 beats/min); Step D, repeated all steps above with intravenous infusion of isoproterenol. Results A total of 76 patients had inducible VT (83.5%), among which 49 were induced by Step C, 15 were induced by Step B, 8 and 4 by Step A and D, respectively. Clinical VTs were induced in 60 patients (65.9%). Only two spontaneously ceased ventricular fibrillations were induced by Step C. Multivariate analysis showed that a narrower baseline QRS duration under sinus rhythm was independently associated with VT non-inducibility (OR: 1.1; 95% CI: 1.0–1.1; P = 0.019). Conclusion Fast rate (≥ 250 beats/min) right ventricular burst stimulation provides a useful supplemental method for VT induction in ARVC patients.


The volume presents and summarises the proceedings of the high level seminar jointly organised by the Bank of Russia and the Bank for International Settlements in Moscow on 18-20 July 2013 during the G20 meetings. Governors and deputy governors from around 30 BIS shareholder banks participated along with academic speakers and economists from the Bank of Russia and the BIS. While the full publication can be downloaded using the above link, individual contributions are available separately: Managing Capital Flow Volatility Deleveraging, Long-Term Finance and the G20 Agenda Towards Strong and Stable Capital Markets in Emerging Market Economies


Intensity fluctuations of laser beams propagating through precipitation reveal the regularities that are different from those for the turbulent atmosphere. Specifically, three regimes of fluctuations can be observed. The first one is the weak scintillation regime where the scintillation index increases with the propagation path. The second regime is the fluctuation saturation where the scintillation index approaches a constant. This saturation level can be an arbitrary number unlike the turbulent atmosphere. The further increase of the propagation path leads to damping of intensity fluctuations. This regime has no analogy in the case of the turbulent atmosphere. In the proposed paper, the regime of fluctuation damping in snowfalls is studied both experimentally and theoretically. The experimental setup consists of a narrow laser beam propagating through a 2 km path. A small detector of 0.1 mm of diameter was placed on the optical axis. The dependence of scintillation index on the optical depth of the path and of flowsnake sizes were considered. According to the fluctuation model proposed early by the authors, the scintillation index can be calculated theoretically by means of numerical solution of the radiative transfer equation. The equation is solved by the Monte-Carlo code with some model phase function for a snowflake. The damping factor of scintillations is calculated as a function of the optical depth and of the angular divergence of the laser beam. Comparison of the calculated and experimental data is presented.


This paper presents a miniaturized resistojet thruster device with an integrated thin-film heater, capable of delivering thrusts in the micronewton-millinewton range. Its small size (25 mm × 5 mm × 1 mm), low mass (162 mg), low power and propellant consumption make it very attractive for attitude control of nano-satellites (mass 1–10 kg). Based on the pressure measurements with the fabricated devices, thrust is calculated to be in the 20 µN – 1 mN range, depending on the propellant flow rate. By heating the propellant flow to 350 °C, thrust was increased, resulting in a 30% reduction in propellant consumption.


The Capability Approach was initially developed by Nobel laureate Amartya Sen, with the first basic articulation presented in his 1979 'Equality of What?' Tanner Lecture. Since then, the approach has gained a huge amount of attention as a conceptual framework which offers a clear and insightful way to measure well-being and development. Most recently, the approach has been refined and extended by Martha Nussbaum to issues of disability, nationality, and species membership in political philosophy. This project is about the foundations of the capability approach. More specifically, this project asks whether we can, and whether there are good reasons to, strengthen those foundations. The conclusions drawn here are that we ought to think seriously about the way that the capability approach develops as a theory that responds to real world challenges and change. More importantly, this project contends – in light of the challenges of future people and indigenous peoples – that there is good reason to think of new ways to ground the approach. This project takes up this challenge and grounds the approach in a modified version of Tim Mulgan's approach to well-being. This project demonstrates that this alternative enriches the capability approach by providing us with a way of making sense of important problems, and with options for moving forward. Overall, this project asks important questions about how the capability approach could evolve based on challenges that remain relatively under-explored in the current literature. This project contributes to this literature by demonstrating that we can and ought to strengthen the capability approach and its ability to understand, take on board, and resolve these challenges. For my Father and Grandfathers I, Krushil Watene, hereby certify that this thesis, which is approximately 75,000 words in length, has been written by me, that it is the record of work carried out by me and that it has not been submitted in any previous application for a higher degree. I was admitted as a research student in September 2007 and as a candidate for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in September 2007; the higher study for which this is a record was carried out in the University of St Andrews between 2007 and 2010. Date . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Signature of candidate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I hereby certify that the candidate has fulfilled the conditions of the Resolution and Regulations appropriate for the degree of ......... in the University of St Andrews and that the candidate is qualified to submit this thesis in application for that degree. Date . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Signature of supervisor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . In submitting this thesis to the University of St Andrews we understand that we are giving permission for it to be made available for use in accordance with the regulations of the University Library for the time being in force, subject to any copyright vested in the work not being affected thereby. We also understand that the title and the abstract will be published, and that a copy of the work may be made and supplied to any bona fide library or research worker, that my thesis will be electronically accessible for personal or research use unless exempt by award of an embargo as requested below, and that the library has the right to migrate my thesis into new electronic forms as required to ensure continued access to the thesis. We have obtained any third-party copyright permissions that may be required in order to allow such access and migration, or have requested the appropriate embargo below. The following is an agreed request by candidate and supervisor regarding the electronic publication of this thesis: Access to Printed copy and electronic publication of thesis through the University of St Andrews.


The effects of end-group balance and moisture level on melt-phase polycondensation reactions were investigated using nylon 612. The polycondensation reaction was determined to be first-order in amine ends and first-order in carboxyl ends at the relatively high temperature (284 °C) and low water concentration conditions (0−0.002 mass fraction) studied, which are encountered in the later stages of nylon polymerization processes. Using data from this study and the nonisothermal data of Schaffer et al. (Chemical Pathways and Kinetics of the Later Stages of Nylon Polymerization Processes. Ph.D. Thesis, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada, 2003; Experimental Study and Modeling of Nylon Polycondensation in the Melt Phase. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2003, 42, 2946), a mathematical model was developed that can accurately describe changes in both the polyamidation reaction rate and the apparent equilibrium constant, with changing water concentration and temperature.


ABSTRACT In the improvised Paris memorials to the murdered Charlie Hebdo cartoonists in 2015, Jewishness was largely occluded, Christianity was naturalized (and denigrated in so far as it overlapped with 'religion') and Islam functioned as the icon of acute religious sensitivity and zealotry: the religion that cannot tolerate blasphemy, specifically the Muhammad cartoons, for which the martyrs of free speech were killed. In this study Sherwood looks at the Paris memorials (blasphemy ACH = after Charlie Hebdo) alongside two far less well-known cases of blasphemous cartoons from the period that I term BSV (=before The Satanic Verses). The latter include Bible cartoons from the 1880s, for which the freethinker George Foote was prosecuted for blasphemy, and the (as far as I know) first accidentally blasphemous Muhammad cartoon in Europe from 1925. In both cases, the spectral figures of 'the Jew' and 'the Muslim' are differently tangential, and are used to divert controversy away from the Christian. The deeper history of blasphemy controversies BSV helps us to articulate a darker history of the 'secular', secular freedoms and religion/race. Islam and Judaism continue to suffer from the old symbolic disabilities, and the disabilities of minority, whereas a certain deference to Christianity, and an ongoing use of Christian structures, is assumed.


The extent to which point defects affect the local chemical reactivity and electronic properties of an oxide surface was evaluated with picometer resolution in all three spatial dimensions using simultaneous atomic force/scanning tunneling microscopy measurements performed on the (110) face of rutile TiO2. Oxygen atoms were imaged as protrusions in both data channels, corresponding to a rarely observed imaging mode for this prototypical metal oxide surface. Three-dimensional spectroscopy of interaction forces and tunneling currents was performed on individual surface and subsurface defects as a function of tip-sample distance. An interstitial defect assigned to a subsurface hydrogen atom is found to have a distinct effect on the local density of electronic states on the surface, but no detectable influence on the tip-sample interaction force. Meanwhile, spectroscopic data acquired on an oxygen vacancy highlight the role of the probe tip in chemical reactivity measurements.