The invention discloses a conveying line with the adjustable interval. The conveying line comprises a table board and side supporting boards arranged on the two sides of the table board; guide shafts are fixedly connected between the side supporting boards, and an adjustable supporting board is arranged on the guide shafts in a sliding manner through linear bearings; a lead screw parallel to the guide shafts is arranged on the adjustable supporting board, and the lead screw is connected with the adjustable supporting board through a screw nut and drives the adjustable supporting board to move along the guide shafts; the two ends of the lead screw are mounted on the side supporting boards on the two sides through rolling bearings; and one end of the lead screw is fixedly connected with cranking handle which is used for driving the lead screw to rotate, and belt conveying lines are arranged on one sides, opposite to the adjustable supporting plate, of the side supporting boards. By means of the conveying line, the interval between the left side supporting board and the adjustable supporting board can be adjusted, and the conveying line is suitable for conveying liquid crystal screens of different sizes, simple in structure, low in cost and convenient to maintain.


Uterine leiomyomas (uterine fibroids) are sex-steroid dependent benign tumors. Limited knowledge is available regarding the role of estrogen and their receptors in the regulation of fibroids in premenopausal women ,and in their shrinkage after treatment with a gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogue (GnRHa). The expression of the two subtypes of the estrogen receptor (ER) ,ERα and ERβ, was studied in leiomyoma and homologous myometrium from women in the proliferative phase of the menstrual cycle and from women treated with GnRHa. The mRNA levels of ERα and ERβ were monitored by solution hybridization and in situ hybridization ,and receptor proteins were detected and localized by immuno-histochemistry. Both ERα and ERβ were present in the leiomyomas and homologous myometrium. The ERα mRNA level in the leiomyomas was higher than in the surrounding myometrium. The ERβ mRNA level was lower than that of ERα in both groups. ERβ immunoreactivity was lower in leiomyomas when compared with the myometrium after GnRHa treatment ,while ERα was higher in the leiomyomas. The present results imply that the increased ratio of ERα/ERβ observed in the fibroids after GnRHa treatment could reflect or be the cause of the shrinkage of the leiomyoma ,which is the clinical outcome of this treatment.


Permanent magnet synchronous generator used in direct-drive wind power system is a low speed and high torque generator. Its torque has to be controlled during working to capture the most power. In this paper a incremental encoder is used to measure the speed and rotor position of the generator, based on which the vector control is accomplished. This kind of control method is verified in the experimental system of direct-driven wind power system.


Eduardo Paolozzi regards himself primarily as a sculptor although his first edition of screenprints As Is When of 1965opened the way for other artists to use that medium as a serious print-making method. Since then Paolozzi has often used print-making as an adjunct to his three-dimensional work, using it to explore shapes and themes. The following excerpts come from a talk given by Professor Paolozzi at the Ruskin School of Drawing and Fine Art on 12th October, 1982, when he opened a series of talks designed to complement the exhibition 'Innovations in Modern Print-making', mounted at the Ashmolean Museum.


In this thesis, the possibility of processing optical time-division multiplexing (OTDM) signals in both the temporal and spectral domains is investigated. The technique relies on the conversion of high-speed OTDM signals into a mixed time and wavelength division multiplexing (TDM-WDM) format. Depending on the specific network function, it may be advantageous to process the signal in one rather than the other domain. For example, channel add/drop multiplexing can be performed directly by passive filtering in the spectral domain. An investigation into the switching of the linearly-chirped pulses in a nonlinear optical loop mirror (NOLM) revealed that the product of the control-pulse duration and the chirprate of the linearly-chirped pulse should be above a minimum value to ensure a one-to-one relation between the temporal and spectral waveforms after the switching. Below this minimum value, severe spectral distortion of the mixed TDM-WDM signal was observed. The physics behind this distortion is unveiled and shown to be related to the interference between the spectral content in the switched pulse and the unavoidable residual components of the linearly-chirped pulse transmitted through the NOLM switch. These effects were identified in experiments which aimed at compressing/expanding waveforms at 40Gb/s by control of the group delay of the converted TDM-WDM signal in a dispersive medium. Apart from the packet compression/expansion experiments, demultiplexing and channel add/drop multiplexing of 40-Gb/s OTDM signals were also experimentally demonstrated. The technological challenges of implementing this technique at higher repetition rates are discussed.


ZnO Nanoparticles (NPs) has unique natures on their crystal structure, direct band gap and high exciton binding energy, consequently applied in optoelectronic devices such as solar cells, optical wave guide and light emitting diodes (LED). However the drawback was ZnO NPs tend to agglomerate and turn to nano-structured materials with poor properties. Effort to avoid agglomerations generally resolved by surface modification of ZnO NPs to obtain well-dispersed suspension. However changes in the surface of ZnO NPs may change the electronic structure and density of states of ZnO NPs, in turn may change the optical band gap. Thus, the objective of current research is investigation of optical band gap of ZnO NPs due to surface modification by capping agent of poly-4-vinylpyrrolidone (PVP) molecules. Uncapped and PVP-capped ZnO nanoparticles were prepared by sol-gel method. The characteristics of surface modifications were investigated by UV-Vis and Photo Luminescence spectroscopy and Transmission Electron Micro...


In this work, we employed density functional theory calculations to probe the binding characteristics of C and OH on small uni-metallic (Pt3 and Ni3) and bi-metallic (Pt2Re and Ni2Fe) clusters for energy conversion applications. Both uni-metallic and bi-metallic clusters were found to possess relatively good HOMO-LUMO gaps, indicating that the clusters are electronically stable against excitations and high energy environment. It is found that the introduction of foreign atoms on uni-metallic clusters impacts C and OH binding characteristics, which could be useful in the design and fine-tuning of novel nanocatalysts for energy conversion applications such as CO/CO2 methanation and hydrogenation reactions. It is further inferred that Pt3 and Pt2Re clusters bind C and OH moderately, and could be utilized in further studies concerning energy conversion.


Based on hourly geostationary satellite temperature‐of‐black‐body data, 9,754 mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) are found to form over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) during 16 warm seasons. In the whole study period, neither the occurrence numbers of these MCSs nor their other key characteristics are found to have a significant trend of increasing/decreasing. The MCSs can form anywhere over the TP, and ~6.6% of them can move eastward and vacate the TP (defined as the eastward‐moving type [EMT]). The EMTs' mean occurrence frequency and lifespan are ~0.3 per day and ~12.0 hr, respectively. Compared to the MCSs that do not vacate the TP, the EMTs usually have stronger intensity, longer lifespan, and develop more rapidly but generate in a drier environment. The vacating stage of an EMT usually begins in the latter half of its lifespan, and an EMT tends to reach its maximum cloud area when it is about to vacate the TP. After vacating the TP, an EMT usually weakens at first and then enhances again. Vorticity budget indicates that the convergence‐related horizontal shrinking and the convection‐related vertical vorticity transport govern the cyclonic‐vorticity increase/maintenance associated with the longer‐lived EMTs. Of all the EMTs, only ~8% are associated with southwest vortices (SWVs), and the precipitation related to these EMTs contributes ~20% to the local hourly heavy precipitation. Compared to the EMTs that are not related to SWVs, those that are generally vacate the TP sooner, last longer having vacated the TP, and have longer whole lifespans.


Objective: To observe the effects of Huangqi Injection(HQI) on immunology in patients with qi deficiency chronic idiopathic(CITP),and to explor the clinical of HQI in treating patients of CITP.Methods:One hundred twenty patients were divided into two groups.Conventional treatment was given to both groups ,and HQI was administered to the treated group additionally.The therapeutic effect and immunology before and after treatment were comared.Resnlt:in the treated group,treatment showed markedly effective in 16 cases and effective in 24,advance in 12,the total effective rate being 86 67%, while in the control group,markedly effective in 10 and effective in 14,advance 10,the total effective rate being 56 67%,the comparison between the two groups showed significant difference.BPC and the platlet\|producing megakaryocyte were increaced,and abnormal cell immune function was improved after treatment.Conclusion:HQI could markedly improve the immune fuction of patients with CITP. The effect of conventional treatment would be enhanced in combination therapy with HQI.


A model for acoustic backscatter from trapped bubbles in sandy sediments was developed. The model combines a Biot acoustic penetration model with a resonance scattering mechanism from trapped bubbles. The bubble size distribution is assumed to mirror the size distribution of the fluid pores that exist between sand grains. An estimate of the pore size distribution is constructed from the grain size distribution, based on the known pore structure between dense random packings of hard spheres. The principle of acoustic reciprocity is employed to compute backscattered acoustic pressure in terms of the incident pressure and the scattering cross section of a bubble distribution. The model is applied to data from experiments recently taken at sea. It is concluded that trapped gas is often a likely cause of observed backscatter from sandy sediments. Very small amounts of gas appear to be sufficient to produce significant backscatter.


Chemical tagging of stars based on their similar compositions can offer new insights about the star formation and dynamical history of the Milky Way. We investigate the feasibility of identifying groups of stars in chemical space by forgoing the use of model derived abundances in favour of direct analysis of spectra. This facilitates the propagation of measurement uncertainties and does not presuppose knowledge of which elements are important for distinguishing stars in chemical space. We use ~16,000 red-giant and red-clump H-band spectra from the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment and perform polynomial fits to remove trends not due to abundance-ratio variations. Using expectation maximized principal component analysis, we find principal components with high signal in the wavelength regions most important for distinguishing between stars. Different subsamples of red-giant and red-clump stars are all consistent with needing about 10 principal components to accurately model the spectra above the level of the measurement uncertainties. The dimensionality of stellar chemical space that can be investigated in the H-band is therefore $\lesssim 10$. For APOGEE observations with typical signal-to-noise ratios of 100, the number of chemical space cells within which stars cannot be distinguished is approximately $10^{10\pm2} \times (5\pm 2)^{n-10}$ with $n$ the number of principal components. This high dimensionality and the fine-grained sampling of chemical space are a promising first step towards chemical tagging based on spectra alone.


A reagentless biosensor for amperometric measurement of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) has been developed. The three-electrode biosensor was modified with two enzyme membrane with an integrated planar Ag|AgCl reference electrode. With a cellulose membrane containing catalytic substance coated, the reagentless biosensor was used for measurement of serum AST. The optimal sensitive membrane composition and operation conditions were studied. With low polarizing potential (0 V vs. integrated Ag|AgCl) and appropriate substrate concentration (20 mM α-ketoglutarate acid), the response of the biosensor to AST activity was linear over the range of 25–1000 U/L with good relativity (R=0.9904 and 0.9823 in standard AST solutions and AST serum respectively) and fast response time (120 s). The biosensor also indicated good stability of more than 90% of its original activity for 60 days stored in 4 °C, and 90% of the activity was retained after a storage period of 15 days at room temperature (25 °C). The biosensor is expected to be used for the diagnosis of heart and liver disease in the future.


This article develops a critique of the scientific model imposed from the viewpoint of western European modernity and analyzes the evolution of this Eurocentric cosmovision linked to emergence and expansion of the liberal bourgeois state. It proposes to radically deconstruct this colonized rationality and promote other rationality, for other science originating from enunciative spaces that have been historically denied; specifically, it appeals to the cosmovision and ancestral knowledge of original peoples as a source for liberation from the scientific task and configuration of a new epistemological horizon. Finally, reflections are made regarding the implications and impact that these transformations, from and for interculturality, have on the order to demolish the liberal bourgeois state, to strengthen participative and protagonist democracy and social policies of the Bolivarian government.


Abstract A total of 62 winter-storm events in the period 1964–99 over the Folsom Lake watershed located at the windward slope of the Sierra Nevada were simulated with a 9-km resolution using the fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University–NCAR Mesoscale Model (MM5). Mean areal precipitation (MAP) over the entire watershed and each of four subbasins was estimated based on gridded simulated precipitation. The simulated MAP was verified with MAP estimated (a) by the California Nevada River Forecast Center (CNRFC) for the four subbasins based on eight operational precipitation stations, and (b) for the period from 1980 to 1986, on the basis of a denser precipitation observing network deployed by the Sierra Cooperative Pilot Project (SCPP). A number of sensitivity runs were performed to understand the dependence of model precipitation on boundary and initial fields, cold versus warm start, and microphysical parameterization. The principal findings of the validation analysis are that (a) MM5 achieves a good ...


Most of today's business applications have to deal with automated workflows. In this paper, we argue that the blackboard pattern can be used to create an architecture for the development of such workflows. We illustrate how the fundamental building parts of a workflow are addressed in such an architecture. The development of a prototypical group calendaring application verified the proposed architecture. It also served as a basis for contrasting the approach with commonly used workflow control constructs.


Amavata occurs when the Ama mixes with the Vata Dosha and occupies the Shleshmasthana (Asthisandhi). Ama and Vata are the two main pathogenic components of Amavata, a Rasa Pradosaja Vikara that primarily affects Sandhi before moving on to Asthi and Majja. Due to similar clinical features, Amavata and rheumatoid arthritis can be co-related. It is an autoimmune condition called rheumatoid arthritis results in persistent symmetrical polyarthritis with systemic involvement. When compared to men, females are more likely to contact this disease. The ratio of male to female is 3:1. It is an extremely painful condition that frequently results in soreness, edema, and inflammation in the joints. The pain, joint stiffness occurs maximum in Mornings, which lasts for over an hour.


This study extracted, from a roach gonad microarray data set, a gene regulation profile in contrast of male and female roaches. Then a method is developed to use this profile to discriminate the genders of the roaches involved in another roach microarray experiments in which the roaches are too young for their genders to be classifiable. The gender is an ignorable factor in roach gene expression study and the gender information is vital for the success of such a microarray study, because without the gender information the treatment effects could not be estimated correctly. A comparison of the analytical results of target data set based on with and without concerning the gender effects shows that the estimation of treatment effects is improved greatly when obtained gender information is incorporated in the data analysis. This is reversely evident that the roach gender discrimination method developed in this study performs very well.


Calcium phosphates are very important for applications in medicine due to their properties such as biocompatibility and bioactivity. In order to enhance these properties, substitution of calcium with other ions has been proposed. Partial substitution of calcium by different ions has been made in order to improve the properties of the calcium phosphates and also to allow new applications of apatite in medicine. In this work, hydroxyapatite [Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2—HAP] was prepared by high-energy dry milling (20 h) and mixed with iron oxide (5 wt.%). The mixture was calcinated at 900 °C for 5 h with a heating rate of 3 °C min−1 in an attempt to introduce iron oxide into the HAP structure. The sintered sample was characterized using x-ray diffraction (XRD) and magnetization. The 57Fe-Mössbauer spectra of the calcium phosphate oxides were also measured, revealing the presence of iron in three different phases: Ca2Fe2O5, Fe2O3 and hydroxyapatite.


The possibility of the genetic algorithm use for the purpose of finding optimum characteristics of tractor work and its engine in the conditions of variable external factor impact on mobile MTA is substantiated in the article. Basic provisions of the optimization technique of the engine and tractor characteristics with the genetic algorithm application, also taking into account target function peculiarities for calculating the average values of tractor and its engine parameters are presented.


Objectives: To determine the inspired gas temperature during mechanical ventilation with: (i) five different humidicrib temperatures; (ii) two airway temperature probe (ATP) positions; and (iii) four ATP adaptors.


Carbon dioxide emissions produced by the cement industry were one of the problems in the occurrence of environmental pollution in the air that could cause global warming. To reduce carbon dioxide emissions, geopolymer fly ash which was one of the eco-friendly alternatives used to replace function of cement. However, in the field, fly ash as a mixture of concrete and mortar required oven heat which became the obstacle in making geopolymer. Therefore, another alternative was sought to replace oven heat, one of which is the use of hydrated lime. Besides, mortar research using geopolymer fly ash as a binder, generally used sand as the fine aggregate. In this study used laterite soil which was quite widely available in nature as the fine aggregate material. These alternatives was developed in this study with the aim to determine the strength of laterite mortar fly ash geopolymer and the effect of hydrated lime as a substitute for oven heat. This study used experimental method in the laboratory using alkaline activator Sodium Silicate and Sodium Hydroxide at a ratio of 2.0 with concentration of 12 M NaOH. Used 3 variations in percentage of laterie soil and hydrated lime, 70:30, 80:20 and 90:10 with sample size 5 cm x 5 cm x 5 cm. The results of the study showed that laterite soil and hydrated lime can be used as geoplymer fly ash mortar with strength 19.70 MPa.


Facial fractures, when not adequately identified and treated, can cause serious functional and esthetic sequelae. The aim of this study was to evaluate, by means of a prospective study, the incidence index of facial fractures in 108 patients cared for the Oral and Maxilofacial Surgery and Traumatology Squad of Porto Alegre Independencia Hospital in a period of 15 months. Based in the results, it was concluded that in the managed patients in the facial traumatology Service, the urban violence (36%), transit accidents (19%) and sports (19%) were the principal etiological causes. There was a higher incidence in males in 20 until 30 - year old people.


Studies were established in 1987 and 1988 near Brooksville and Poplarville, MS, to evaluate six weed-control systems in monocrop soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] and doublecrop wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) ― soybean planted both with and without prior tillage. (...)


Global warming is the subject of national and international policies and legislation. The importance of on road testing in commercial vehicles, under real conditions of application is therefore increasing. For the execution of the Diesel consumption tests under real conditions and reproducible, it is used a heavy truck and a towing trailer prototype with electromagnetic brake, object of several presentations and papers, including SIMEA 2015. Concerning this Prototype, Patent was required to INPI, a support by FAPESP got through a PIPE Project and an approval by the competent authorities for running on road was granted.


The elements of polyhedral programming theory considering the extreme tasks with polyhedral both goal and limiting functions are presented. The authors discuss the application of polyhedral programming device for optimal control tasks by discrete dynamic objects with polyhedral performance criterions. The decision of two optimization tasks of discrete control processes is reduced. They are the control task by finite state and the task of terminal stabilization.


The invention relates to health porridge made from 108 raw materials, including 10 kinds of grains, 9 kinds of beans, 25 kinds of fruits, 30 kinds of roots and barks, 10 kinds of stems and leaves, 15 kings of flowers, 5 kinds of fungi and 4 kinds of auxiliary materials, belonging to health foods. The raw material selection of the porridge is in accordance with the principle of homology of medicine and food in traditional Chinese medicine. The porridge has sweet, slight sweet and salty sweet three flavors so as to facilitate consumption by people with different flavor preference. The porridge is rich in nutritional ingredients, and has the effects of preventing diseases, improving intelligence, and prolonging life.


4. In Garrett and Lasker's classification system, Generative Communicators are those people with aphasia who a. consistently require cueing to utilize external strategies for communication. b. can access messages that have been stored in advance but cannot formulate novel information. c. independently utilize multiple communication strategies to communicate novel information. d. utilize primarily stored messages to communicate. End-of-Life Issues for People Who Use AAC


Problem:  To investigate the effect of altering local glucocorticoid concentration on human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) production by cultured placental trophoblast cells.


s 91 due to an increase in aortic stiffening (pulse wave velocity, rZ 0.77, p<0.001). Conclusions: Reflected wave can be followed travelling-back from the proximal aorta into the coronary arteries. These reflected waves augment coronary systolic blood flow. With increasing age the degree of augmentation of systolic coronary blood flow is increased. doi:10.1016/j.artres.2008.08.302 07.01 OUTWARD HYPERTROPHIC REMODELING AND INCREASED CAROTID ARTERY WALL ST IFFNESS IN PAT IENTS WITH RUPTURED INTRACRANIAL ANEURYSMS J. Bellien , D. Maltete , M. Iacob , L. Cabrejo , J.F. Proust , B. Mihout , C. Thuillez , E. Guegan-Massardier , R. Joannides . 1 Department of Pharmacology, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France 2 Department of Neurology, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France Because an underlying arteriopathy might contribute to the development and rupture of intracranial aneurysms (IAs), we assessed the elastic properties of proximal conduit arteries in 27 patients with antecedent of ruptured IAs (delay: 4.8 0.6 years) and 27 control subjects. Arterial pressure, diameter, intima-media thickness (IMT), circumferential wall stress (CWS) and elastic modulus were determined in the common carotid arteries using applanation tonometry and echotracking. Moreover, carotid augmentation index (AIx) and carotid-to-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV) were assessed. Compared to controls, patients with IA exhibit higher carotid systolic (108 2 vs. 122 3 mmHg), diastolic (73 1 vs. 81 1 mmHg) and pulse pressures (35 1 vs. 41 2 mmHg), an increased IMT (0.55 0.01 vs. 0.64 0.01 mm, all P<0.01) without difference in diameter. IMT was correlated with pulse pressure in controls (rZ0.539, P<0.001) but not in patients (rZ0.152, PZ0.2). Despite a similar CWS between groups, patients display an increased elastic modulus (0.21 0.02 vs. 0.37 0.03 kPa.10, P<0.001). These increased IMT and modulus were still observed in patients matched with controls for carotid arterial pressures (nZ17 in each group). Furthermore, patients with IAs have higher PWV (7.8 0.2 vs. 8.3 0.2 m.s, P<0.05) which contributes to the increase in arterial wave reflections (AIx: 15.8 2.1 vs. 21.1 1.6%, P<0.05) and thus in systolic and pulse pressures. This study demonstrates that patients with IAs display a particular carotid artery phenotype with a partly pressure-independent outward hypertrophic remodeling and altered elastic properties which might contribute together with the fatiguing effect of increased pulsatile stress on the arterial wall, to the pathogenesis of IAs. doi:10.1016/j.artres.2008.08.303


Amazon Rainforest is endowed with a wide range of natural resources. Ancestral communities depended on the forest for their livelihoods and displayed a good repertoire of imaginative forms of resource management, adapted to climate extremes in temperature and rainfall. From the midst of the 1900's, however, the Amazon Rainforest became a labour safety valve, perceived as a gigantic reserve of soil for the landless and unemployed households. Simultaneously, large-scale agro-industrial projects have been promoted, major public and private eorts to develop Brazilian northern frontier, seen as good opportunities for socioeconomic advancement in the whole country. Brazil is one of the most successful


This collection contains the curriculum records of the college dating from January 2009 to June 2016. The records are housed in a database system which has been exported to WinRAR and ZIP formats. For those who wish to access these records, they may download either the compressed the RAR or the ZIP file, extract the file system on their Windows system, and use the database locally, via a browser, on their PC. For technical support contact CELTT at Kapiolani Community College for assistance.

The University of Hawaii Community College System owns copyright.


To many geneticists, general cognitive ability (g), usually called "intelligence" or "IQ," might seem to be a most unlikely trait to take seriously. More than any other trait, it is associated with controversy, both scientific and political, which was seen most recently after the publication of The Bell Curve (Herrnstein and Murray 1994). How can something as nebulous as g be measured? How can it possibly be useful in genetic analyses?


Investigation is carried out on 27 French Alpine goats from the 3rd to 4st lactation. Animals were kept on indoor-outdoor system in organic breeding. Milking efficiency control was done from 30th day after weaning during 4 months, in periods of one month. The goats were fed by cereal mixtures (wheat, rye, corn and wheat bran) and meadow hay. Organic selenium - Sel-PlexTM (Alltech, Inc.) was added to cereal mixtures of the goats belonged to the experimental group I and II in doses of 0.01% and 0.02% of the total feed mixture raw material composition. The results show that organic selenium added did not have significant influence on milk production and chemical composition. The goat milk from experiment groups I and II have significant lower somatic cells count compared to the control group in secund and third measures.


In the metal processing industry specialty oils and lubricants are used as processing aids in cutting, bending and polishing processes. Although these specialty oils and lubricants are subjected to maintenance measures, they have a short work live due to facility and process impacts. Analyzes of various metal processing oils and lubricants have shown that the lubricants do not uniformly degrade, but selectively deplete individual additives. At the current stand of technology the degraded oils and lubricants are being replaced and needing to be disposed of. The herein introduced new recycling process presents an advantageous alternative to the disposal of used oils and lubricants. The main steps of the recycling process are the purification of the oils and lubricants, addition of selective additives, which have been depleted, and quality control. The recycled oils and lubricants can than be reused in place of new oil. This recycling process will drastically reduce the overall operating costs by greatly reducing the procurement and disposal cost of oils and lubricants. Today, several companies demonstrate the successful implementation of this recycling process.


The paper presents the characteristics of cultural and historical tourism as a rapidly developing specialized form of tourism. During the long-term membership of the country in the World Tourism Organization, its place within the world civilization has been emphasized. The country is rated as a destination for this type of tourism, as evidenced by a number of international events studied in the report. Certain contemporary manifestations in the destination Veliko Tarnovo are emphasized.


Galectin-3 (human Galectin-3 ELISA Bender MedSystems) was researched by the method of immune-enzyme analysis as an oncomarker in blood serum and. swabs of thyroid nodules of the patients with cancer (18) and. non-cancerous diseases of thyroid gland. (26) in the preoperative period. All the patients with thyroid cancer had. galectin-3. Average levels of galectin-3 in patients with thyroid cancer in blood serum. (0,72 ± 0,1 ng/ml) and. swabs from the thyroid, nodules (2,86 ± 0,9 ng/ml) were significantly higher than similar indices at non-cancerous diseases (0,42 ± 0,19 and 0,83 ± 0,2 ng/ml respectively). Obtained results allow to suppose the possibility of determination, of galectin-3 as an additional parameter for the complex differential diagnosis of a highly differentiated thyroid cancer by the method of immune-enzyme analysis.


The state procurement law provides for the obligation to conduct a study of risks to avoid paralysis and claims during contract performance. However, it did not address the issue from the perspective of methodological rules for distribution, leaving all expectations in the hands of the parties, necessitating its establishment, because the absence of these can affect the economy of the contract. Methodological rules for the distribution of risks in the works concession contracts and transportation infrastructure are limited to: preserve the commutativity of the contract, to the assumption by the state, abnormal risk, to negotiate a balanced risk; to establish new agreements through the renegotiation of the contract, to compensate arithmetically compensate for the risks assumed and additionally when the risks exceed the estimated consequences transferable. By virtue of these rules will be avoided where possible to provide for financial liability for a party to the contractual relationship. For purposes of the above provisions has been advanced legal research, qualitative and descriptive in nature.


Post partum hemorrhage is the main cause of 150,000 maternal deaths every year in the world and almost 4 out of 5 deaths due to postpartum hemorrhage occur within 4 hours after delivery. The direct causes of maternal death in Indonesia are bleeding 45.20%, eclampsia 12.90%, abortion complications 11.10%, postpartum sepsis 9.60%, prolonged labor 6.50%, anemia 1.60% and indirect causes of death. by 14, 10%. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between parity and age with the incidence of primary postpartum hemorrhage at Panembahan Senopati General Hospital. Analytical survey studies or case control surveys use a retrospective time approach. The sampling technique was purposive sampling with a ratio of the number of samples 1: 1, namely the case sample was 70 and the control sample was 70. The analysis technique was Chi Square. The results of Chi Square analysis showed that age and parity had a significant relationship with the incidence of primary postpartum hemorrhage, age (OR = 14.22 and p-value 0.000) while parity (OR 3.010 and p-value 9.643). It means that mothers with maternal age at risk (<20 and > 35 years) have a risk of 14.22 greater than the age not at risk (20-35 years). Mothers with parity at risk (1 and >3) had a 3.010 greater risk of primary postpartum hemorrhage than mothers with parity at no risk (2 and 3). This study concluded that there is a relationship between age and parity with the incidence of primary postpartum hemorrhage.


Monitoring body kinematics and analyzing posture and gesture is an area of major importance in bioengineering, ergonomic, virtual reality and rehabilitation. The authors have developed a minimally intrusive wearable system consisting of a lycra leotard onto which conductive polymer strain sensors are chemically deposited in selected areas. The sensors are capable of recording relative positions and movements of the human trunk and upper limbs by reading the mutual position of kinematically linked body segments.


I fear that the remarks which I wish to make are not as complete as I had hoped they would be, but owing to pressure of other work I have not been able to finish certain experiments which are in progress. The matter that I want to bring before you is not a new one, but was made acute for us again through the behaviour of some single valve units which we had installed recently. Two such units, which were identical in every respect, were put into two hospitals whose main supply current was single phase alternating 50 periods and 230 volts. This main current was supplied by two entirely different companies, and when the photographic tests were finally made it was found that, using the same kilovoltage and the same milliampereage, we required for a radiograph of a lateral skull on the one plant only a little more than half of what we required on the other. This rather surprising result once more raised a question which has exercised us considerably in the past, and it is:—What is the effect of the power facto...


Hyper duplex stainless steel (HDSS) is a new alloy group of duplex stainless steels with the excellent corrosion resistance and mechanical properties among the existing modern stainless steels. Due to the incorporation of the high content of alloying elements, e.g., Cr, Ni, Mo, etc., the crystallization behavior of δ-ferrite from liquid is of vital importance to be controlled. In this work, the effect of the cooling rate (i.e., 4 °C/min and 150 °C/min) on the nucleation and growth behavior of δ-ferrite in S33207 during the solidification was investigated using a high-temperature confocal scanning laser microscope (HT-CLSM) in combination with electron microscopies and thermodynamic calculations. The obtained results showed that the solidification mode of S33207 steel was a ferrite–austenite type (FA mode). L→δ-ferrite transformation occurred at a certain degree of undercooling, and merging occurred during the growth of the δ-ferrite phase dendrites. Similar microstructure characteristics were observed after solidification under two different cooling rates. The variation in the area fraction of δ-ferrite with different temperatures and time intervals during the solidification of S33207 steels was calculated at different cooling rates. The post-microstructure as well as its composition evolution were also briefly investigated. This work shed light on the real-time insights for the crystallization behavior of hyper duplex stainless steels during their solidification process.


With the speeding up of the trend of performance management informatization promotes the established strategy oriented performance evaluation system is put forward. This paper proposes a method, which is by the Web service technology, develop performance management integration, promotion and management of financial, business and other organizations and cooperation level. Analysis of enterprise performance management and the problems existing in the informatization, introduces the Web management system and related services technology, system architecture and function of the system is discussed in the end, as well as other key problem to be solved and.


It is very important for ensuring the quality of ship design to make the scientific evaluation of ship performance.In order to solve the problem of the comprehensive evaluation of ship performance,the concept of synthesized weight was established according to the characteristics of subjective weight and objective weigh.Then the comprehensive evaluation method of ship performance based on synthesized weight was proposed by applying the method of grey relational analysis to the comprehensive evaluation of ship performance.Finally the rationality of the method was verified by an applying example of the method.Therefore,a new valuable decision making method for the scientific evaluation of ship performance was provided in the paper.


Skywave over-the-horizon radar (OTHR) plays an important role in the out-of-sight surveillance. However, the operational performance will severely degrade due to transient interferences. Previous works concentrate on time-domain methods to achieve transient interference suppression. However, time-domain methods are usually time-consuming and suffer performance loss when several discontinuous transient interference segments occupy parts of coherent processing interval. In fact, most transient interferences are spatially structured and can be cancelled at adaptive beamforming stage. In this study, the adaptive beamforming is adopted and a space-time cascade processing procedure is proposed for transient interference suppression. In the procedure, the sidelobe transient interferences are cancelled by adaptive beamforming and the mainlobe transient interferences are suppressed by a modified time-domain method. The proposed procedure is in accordance with the regular processing procedure of skywave OTHR and can provide reliable performance with small extra computational costs. The performance of the proposed procedure is evaluated using experimental data recorded by a trial skywave OTHR and the results verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed procedure.


The paper sketches a three-pronged orientation that is both psychometrically sound and at the same time authentic. It's also transparent and applicable to measurement beyond "reading" and "math." It doesn't involve filling in bubbles on paper-pencil, multiple-choice tests, and it doesn't generate unmanageable files of student work-efforts. Each of the three prongs has been developed and debugged outside the education sector. The measurement technology sketched simply applies and integrates extant technologies to harness them for current and future educational purposes.


The paper aims to stimulate the configuration of plant through substructure algorithm and branch simulating algorithm based on L-system.L-system is a popular technology that used to simulate the plant development.However,using this kind of algorithm based on L-system stimulating the plant development is not efficient.The paper aims to improve the algorithm through substructure algorithm,In this algorithm,the repetitive structure is be calculated only once.It can not only increase the computing speed,but also can reduce the memory space of the geometrical information.Furthermore,the paper also proposes another important algorithm: branch simulating algorithm without gap.


Drawing on a decade's worth of research inside prisons in Northern Ireland, Moore and Scraton integrate in-depth interviews, focus groups, regime observation and documentary analysis to examine issues of equality, disciplines, mental health, self-harm, abuse and suicide. This independent primary research engages in controversies regarding the deaths of women in custody; a hunger strike concerning the status of politically affiliated women prisoners and the use of punitive strip search and punishment cells for vulnerable women. The Incarceration of Women tells the story of female incarceration through the voices and experiences of women, advancing feminist analysis of women's incarceration and the criminalisation of women.


This report details my work at the endpoint of the internship I spent within the Composite Manufacturing Unit of Airbus Defence & Space in Les Mureaux, France. It is as well the conclusion of t ...


Although there are polynomial algorithms of finding a 2-partition or a 3-partition for a simple undirected 2-connected or 3-connected graph respectively,there is no general algorithm of finding a k-partition for a k-connected graph G=(V,E),where k is the vertex connectivity of G.In this paper,an O(k^2n^2) general algorithm of finding a k-partition for a k-connected graph is proposed,where n=|V|.


[Objective]To Identify, evaluate and control the occupational hazards in the transformation project of the sewage treatment system in a company.[Methods]The data collected, on-site occupational hygiene analogical investigation and monitoring of occupational hazards were performed. Analogy and check list method were adopted for comprehensive evaluation.[Results]The location, general layout, production process and facility layout, hygienic requirements of buildings, occupational hazards, occupational protecting facilitate, emergency rescue measures, equipment of individual protective articles, hygienic assistant chamber layout and occupational health management all accorded with the national regulation. The detection results of analogical company showed that the concentration (intensity) of occupational hazards factors in production process met the national standard limit.[Conclusion] The occupational hazards produced in the production process of this transformation project can be prevented. From the perspective of occupational health, the project is feasible.


Multi-parallel inverter system is common and important in power conversion system. Aiming at the detection and location of the switch faults in the multi-parallel inverter system, a new strategy based on the back propagation neural network is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the bias and the amplitude of the output currents are chosen as the feature to input the neural network to identify the phase and type of the switch faults. Then, the faulty inverter is identified by the harmonic analysis of the inverter current of any one faulty phase. This scheme can effectively decrease the number of fault currents to be detected. The neural network is implemented on a two-parallel inverter system in this paper. The results show high accuracy and robustness. The detection time of this neural network is within 0.005 s and the fault location time is within 0.02 s. It is demonstrated that the neural network is still available when the set currents of inverters vary.


Rooftop greenery has increasingly been advocated as a component of green buildings that can provide multiple social, environmental and ecological contributions to improve the quality of life in the urban environment (Peck & Wieditz 2003; Oberndorfer et al., 2007). Rooftop greenery, particularly the 'extensive' type, or green roof, has seen the most widespread implementation in European cities, especially those in Germany since the 1970s. Green roofs are characterised by the use of small, ground cover plants grown on a shallow substrate, in systems that are lightweight and which require a low level of maintenance, compared to rooftop gardens which tend to be 'intensive' or more manicured (Kohler et al., 2005).


The exploration on "honoring the virtuous" (尊德性) and "exploring the knowledge" (道問學) should be viewed from the perspective of the whole academic history of Ch'ing Dynasty. As the core concepts in shaping the development of the academic history, they propel the "the Han-Song Debates" (漢宋之爭) towards the ultimate presentation of the argument between "honoring the virtuous" and "exploring the knowledge" from Song Dynasty to the middle age of Ch'ing Dynasty. The academic debates between the Song Learning (宋學) and the Han Learning (漢學) in Ch'ing Dynasty strictly follow the inner logic (內在理路) of forwardness of intellectual history. Despite the ups and downs on both sides, fusion of both thoughts existed through derivation, mutual-criticism, evolution and the final convergence of the two schools, and thus the history of academic thoughts in Ch'ing Dynasty is burnt with gorgeous sparks in changes and adjustments.


Alex Oliver and Timothy Smiley have written a very interesting book. It is primarily concerned with the fact that the previous sentence is not equivalent to 'Alex Oliver has written a very interesting book and Timothy Smiley has written a very interesting book' and similar logical phenomena related to talking about multiple things at once rather than just one thing or a set of things. They argue that a plural (and free) logic should replace what they refer to as 'singular logic'. The book achieves a lot. It gives one a healthy appreciation of just how pervasive and varied the phenomenon of plurality is in natural language, and it forces one to take plural logic seriously. It is extremely well-informed on the history of its own subject, and critiques it with authority. It is well-written, well-argued and wellresearched. Formalism has been used when and only when it is helpful and much less than one would expect in a book with 'logic' in its title. A deep knowledge of the subject is not presupposed. Oliver and Smiley aim high. They do not merely attempt to get us to appreciate the particular virtues of plural logic; they want to convince us that, when it comes to choosing ourselves a logic, plural is the only way to go. We ultimately remained unconvinced of this stronger claim, but we commend Oliver and Smiley for pursuing it, as their attempt yields many interesting arguments. Setting aside the final chapter and the postscript, Plural Logic can be divided into three parts. Going from back to front, in the last of these, comprising chapters 11 through 13, a formal plural logic is developed in stages. After giving their preferred version of singular logic, they supplement it first with plural variables, a plural exhaustive description operator and an inclusion predicate, yielding a still axiomatisable system which they call 'mid-plural logic'. They then supplement this system with a plural quantifier and a plural definite description operator, yielding a fully functioning plural logic which is no longer axiomatisable. They compare the syntactic and semantic features of these systems, emphasising the expressive power of full plural logic, which they go on to illustrate in chapter 14 (discussed below). In the middle part, chapters 5–10, Oliver and Smiley prepare the ground for their preferred approach to plural logic by considering various manifestations of plurality in natural language and mathematical practice. They look at different types of plural denoting terms, at plural predication (collective and distributive), at plural definite description, and at multivalued functions. In all of these cases they argue that plural language is both intelligible and philosophically respectable when taken at face value, and more difficult to dispense with than might at first be thought. Therefore, they argue, it is no mark in favour of a formal language that it is singular. As a representative example of the type of arguments employed, we can mention one in chapter 9 against the now standard view that functions are relations,


In the preceding memoirs on the Calculus of Symbols, systems have een constructed for the multiplication and division of non-commutative pmbols subject to certain laws of combination ; and these systems suffice ,r linear differential equations. But when we enter upon the consideration f non-linear equations, we see at once that these methods do not apply, t becomes necessary to invent some fresh mode of calculation, and a new iotation, in order to bring non-linear functions into a condition which dmits of treatment by symbolical algebra. This is the object of the f l  owing memoir. Professor Boole has given, in his Treatise on Diffeiential equations,' a method due to M. Sarrus, by which we ascertain whether a jiven non-linear function is a complete differential. This method, as will )e seen by anyone who will refer to Professor Boole s treatise, is equivalent :o finding the conditions that a non-linear function may be externally livisible by the symbol of differentiation. In the following paper I have riven a notation by which I obtain the actual expressions for these con ditions, and for the symbolical remainders arising in the course of the livision, and have extended my investigations to ascertaining the results )f the symbolical division of non-linear functions by linear functions of the symbol of differentiation. Let F (x, y, y lt y2, y3 , . . . y") be any non-linear function, in which % y2, y3, . . . . y" denote respectively the first, second, third, . . . . wth differential of y with respect to (x). Let Ur denote f d y r, i. e. the integral of a function involving x, y, y" y2. . . . with reference to yr alone. Let V,. in like manner denote — when the differentiation is supposed dyr effected with reference to yr alone, so that Vr Ur F = F . The next definition is the most important, as it is that on which all our subsequent calculations will depend. We may suppose F differentiated (m) times with reference to y", yn_i, or yn_2, &c., and yn, y»_i, or yn2> &c., as the case may be, afterward equated to zero. We shall denote this entire process by Z("}, Z&& &c. The following definition is also of importance: we shall denote the ex pression d . d . . , T*+ y ' dy+ »' d f + y° W ,+ ' + dyr


We present a deep learning approach for detecting prostate cancers. The approach consists of two steps. In the first step, we perform tissue segmentation that identifies lumens within digitized prostate tissue specimen images. Intensity- and texture-based image features are computed at five different scales, and a multiview boosting method is adopted to cooperatively combine the image features from differing scales and to identify lumens. In the second step, we utilize convolutional neural networks (CNN) to automatically extract high-level image features of lumens and to predict cancers. The segmented lumens are rescaled to reduce computational complexity and data augmentation by scaling, rotating, and flipping the rescaled image is applied to avoid overfitting. We evaluate the proposed method using two tissue microarrays (TMA) – TMA1 includes 162 tissue specimens (73 Benign and 89 Cancer) and TMA2 comprises 185 tissue specimens (70 Benign and 115 Cancer). In cross-validation on TMA1, the proposed method achieved an AUC of 0.95 (CI: 0.93-0.98). Trained on TMA1 and tested on TMA2, CNN obtained an AUC of 0.95 (CI: 0.92-0.98). This demonstrates that the proposed method can potentially improve prostate cancer pathology.


Mobile application usage prediction aims to infer the possible applications (Apps) that a user will launch next. It is critical for many applications, e.g., system optimization and smartphone resource management. Recently, graph based App prediction approaches have been proved effective, but still suffer from several issues. First, these studies cannot naturally generalize to unseen Apps. Second, they do not model asymmetric transitions between Apps. Third, they are hard to differentiate the contributions of different App usage context on the prediction result. In this paper, we propose GinApp, an inductive graph representation learning based framework, to resolve these issues. Specifically, we first construct an attribute-aware directed graph based on App usage records, where the App-App transitions and times are modeled by directed weighed edges. Then, we develop an inductive graph learning based method to generate effective node representations for the unseen Apps via sampling and aggregating information from neighboring nodes. Finally, our App usage prediction task is formulated as a link prediction problem on graph to generate the Apps with the largest probabilities as prediction results. Extensive experiments on two large-scale App usage datasets reveal that GinApp provides the state-of-the-art performance for App usage prediction.


India is home to a colossal band of bamboos resources. Bamboo is an important genetic resource provide lively hood for millions of people around globe. Due to increasing populations pressure, industrial demand, indiscriminate cutting resulted in the overexploitation, burning cultivation which is common practice in North East States of India has been resulted in the genetic erosion of several bamboo species. This has driven the attention of various organizations for this ecological, economic and social resource. An amalgamated approach to collect characterize and conserve bamboo has been put forward in Central Forest Nursery Wadali Amravati. This collective approach has bought together a number of bamboo species from different area of country. Fifty two species representing thirteen genus are present in the forest nursery. A master characterization manual has been prepared according which all the species have been fully characterized. These species presents a variation among the bamboo at species as well as at generic level. This germplasm may act as a soul resource for further development, research and sustainable management of bamboo resource in this particular area.


4851 of dry air a t 550 OC, conditions which would result in extensive dehydroxylation of the zeolite. According to the dehydroxylation model of Kiih133 and others34 cationic A1 species are formed as the framework is dealuminated. In fact, N M R results have shown that extensive dealumination can occur at temperatures as low as 500 O C. j 5 In the work presented here dehydroxylation and concomitant dealumination were avoided as was shown by the unit cell size of the catalyst after reaction. This is consistent with N M R results of Bosacek et aL3I which showed that upon deammination at 400 OC under "shallow-bed" conditions only about 3 Al/uc were removed from the framework. Although the acid strength of different types of zeolites may differ considerably because of changes in bond angle, bond length, etc., it is interesting to compare the specific activity for hexane cracking over a dealuminated Y sample and HZSM-5 having Si/A1 = 26. The activities of 350 O C were 11.4 and 8.5 Mmol/ (g.min), respectively. Considering the differences in the zeolites the activities are quite similar. For cumene dealkylation the HZSM-5 catalyst was about twice as active as a comparable dealuminated Y, and for methanol dehydration the HZSM-5 was about 4 times as active.Is Thus, the relative activity depends very much on the probe reaction. Conclusions Hexane cracking is essentially a linear function of the lattice A1 content over a range of Si/Al ratios from 4.6 to 255. To the extent that hexane cracking is a measure of strong acidity, the acid strength is constant over this range of Si/Al ratios. It is postulated that protons associated with isolated framework aluminum in the 4-rings give rise to the strong acidity which characterizes this material. The presence of aluminum in second-neighbor positions significantly decreases the acidity of a site. This is essentially the Dempsey-Mikovsky-Marshall (DMM) model of strong Consistent with this model, a normal H-Y zeolite, which has only a small amount of isolated tetrahedral aluminum, is relatively inactive for hexane cracking. Moreover, as described in part 1 l 5 the H-Y zeolite is relatively inactive for methanol dehydration, which requires only weak acid sites. This suggests that test reactions to characterize acid sites in zeolites need to be used with caution since a few strong acid sites may dominate the activity, even when a less-demanding reaction is employed. Iron pentacarbonyl adsorbed on dry …


In this paper we propose a thermal quorum sensing (TQS) scheme that serves as a distributed thermal sensor network, based on whose feedback we can control the operation voltage and frequency of an integrated circuit (IC) within the safety margin, in order to extend the system reliability and lifetime. The TQS scheme and the existing dynamic voltage and frequency scaling (DVFS) modules can be integrated on a chip to serve as the secondary system (for online sensing and repair) in a symbiotic system. We also present a temperature simulation procedure for investigating the correlation between temperature change and sensor behavior of the proposed TQS scheme. Experimental result from a real IC design shows that the TQS-equipped symbiotic IC has a lifetime of 3.4x that of the original one without TQS, with an average clock frequency of 42 MHz as compared with the original 100 MHz clock. The hardware overhead for the extended lifetime is only about 0.37%.


In an attempt to criticise the recently established public sector investment evaluation method, which is known as the sum of discounted consumption flows, Price makes a number of points. First, the method may yield perplexing results in practice, especially in forestry investments; second, it tends to discriminate against present generations; third, the method yields less-efficient results than the net present value criterion. All of these points are based on superficial analyses for which counterarguments are presented in the text to clarify the situation.


Accountability enables teachers to exhibit professional behaviors in school processes. However, the contribution of accountability to teacher occupational professionalism depends on the effective structuring of accountability mechanisms. It is necessary to examine how the connection between teacher occupational professionalism and accountability can be effectively established in line with different conceptual models. Therefore, this study investigated the relationship between teacher accountability and occupational professionalism by analyzing a proposed conceptual model of accountability and occupational professionalism dimensions. The first step for effective accountability mechanisms is to raise occupational awareness. Therefore, the effect of teacher accountability on teacher occupational awareness, which is one of the components of occupational professionalism, was examined with the mediating roles of contribution to organization, emotional labor and personal development dimensions of occupational professionalism. Employing correlational research design, the study sample included 576 middle school teachers from Gaziantep province in the southeast of Turkey. The study revealed that contribution to organization and emotional labor play a partially mediating role in the relationship between accountability and occupational awareness. However, teacher personal development has no mediating role. The results present a framework to develop teacher personal accountability supporting teacher occupational professionalism.


Conflict is inseparable from human everyday life. Inscribed in the functioning of an individual who enters various social interactions, its occurrence at some stage of life is inevitable. It is based on the divergent interests of the parties striving to achieve a specific goal. Many conflict situations, destructive in their effects and causing a sense of instability and frustration, appear in the school environment among young people. Peer mediation offers a constructive approach to peer conflict, resolving it through conversation, exchange of thoughts and views by parties representing different positions, in the presence of an impartial and neutral mediator, who is their adequately prepared and trained peer. Peer mediation offers a chance for active participation in the search for a mutually satisfactory solution, teaches responsibility for the decisions taken and creates a sense of agency, which is so important in adulthood.


The corrosion behavior of unpainted Ni-Zn electrodeposited alloy was investigated. Localized corrosion in the form of cracks were observed on samples containing more than 8% Ni. Corrosion resistance in the Salt Spray Test was significantly affected by the size and spacing of the cracks, and the maximum in red rust resistance near 13% Ni appears to be related to the pattern of thin, closely-spaced cracks observed in this composition range.The development of red rust initiates with the formation of cracks or pits, leading to exposure of the underlying steel. As corrosion proceeds, Ni content in the coating layer increases relative to that of the Zn. This process would be expected to lead to a decrease in galvanic protection effect of the coating, eventually leading to the formation of red rust.As to the origin of the cracks, they were not observed before corrosion except on high Ni content samples, and composition nonuniformities were ruled out as the cause of the localized corrosion in crack patterns. High stress of a tensile nature were observed in the coating layer after plating. The fine crack structure of the Ni-Zn coating, caused by the stress in corrosion, may provide protection to the substrate by spreading out the anodic reaction and thus preventing severe local corrosion.


The invention discloses an instantaneous power detection and load identification based induction motor cooperative control system which realizes energy-saving control on a light-loaded or unloaded three-phase induction motor and mainly comprises an instantaneous power detection and load identification cooperative controller using a digital signal processor TMS320F28346 as a core, a three-phase bridge power amplifier, a three-phase bridge driving circuit, the three-phase induction motor, a three-phase diode rectifier bridge, an instantaneous power detection link, a current detection link, a coder rotating speed detection link, a load identification link, a +24V switch power source, a +15V switch power source, a +/-12V switch power source, a +5V power source and the like. An instantaneous power detection and load identification based induction motor cooperative control method is adopted to control stator exciting current of the light-loaded or unloaded three-phase induction motor, and power factors of the three-phase induction motor are adjusted by load rate obtained on the basis of load identification, so that operating efficiency of the three-phase induction motor is effectively improved, and good electricity-saving effect is achieved.


In high-speed information process system, the communication ability between DSP and other models is the bottleneck of the system processing ability. Gbps ethernet has many advantages, including high data transfer speed, long distance and low cost. These features could satisfy the requirement of DSP for high-speed data transfer in long distance. The paper, with TI TMS320C6455 DSP chip and VITESSE VSC8201 ethernet PHY chip as examples, tells of how to design Gbps ethernet hardware interface, Gbps ethernet interface driver. The experiment result shows that the transfer efficiency of DSP-based Gbps ethernet could be up to 31%.


T WAS Goethe's practice in his later years to express the great processes he discerned at work everywhere-not only in nature, but in human life, history, and art-in terms of a few symbols of great simplicity but charged with the cumulative experience of his scientific work. Thus all nature within and without is dominated by the great principles of "Polaritat" and "Steigerung"-those two "grosse Triebrader aller Natur." Polarity is present, not only in the physical world as a constant alternation of opposites, but equally in the world of human affairs: head and heart, body and soul, love and hate, sense and reason, conscious and unconscious, the real and the ideal, mind and matter, contemplation and activity, analysis and synthesis, God and the world. For, like breathing in and breathing out, it is the very rhythm of life itself. "Steigerung," or ascent, is in the physical sphere the principle whereby a substance through qualitative intensification undergoes a qualitative change to something of a different order; in the biological sphere it connotes the upward progression observable in nature from the lower to the more highly organized forms of life. And what is true of colors, plants, and animals is equally true of art, of love, even of the culinary


Rectal squamous‐cell carcinoma is a rare tumour with an incidence of less than 1 per 1000 cases. We report such a case treated with chemoradiotherapy. The patient developed a metastasis in the spleen and a further squamous tumour in the right colon, both of which were successfully resected. No histological evidence of recurrent rectal tumour has been found. Two years following presentation, the patient remains disease‐free although symptomatic from a radiotherapy‐induced stricture of the rectum.


Despite the current economic crisis, outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) by Latin American and Caribbean enterprises continued its upward trend in 2008 (annex figure 1). OFDI by firms in the region reached nearly USD 35 billion in 2008, an increase of 42% with respect to 2007 (ECLAC, 2009a). However, several of the factors that fostered such growth have recently changed, possibly affecting OFDI prospects for 2009. This Perspective briefly explores these changes and their potential effects on firms' investing behavior, as well as some important countervailing factors that may cushion the effects of the economic crisis on Latin American firms' investment plans. The recent increase is the result of the accelerated efforts of some Latin American companies (Trans-Latins) to expand operations beyond their borders (annex table 1). Brazilian firms led this trend, as their OFDI in 2008 accounted for over 60% of the region's total. Chile was the second highest investor, followed by Venezuela (annex figure 2). In contrast, Mexico's Trans-Latins were severely hit by the economic downturn in the North American market. This was manifested in the sharp contraction of the country's OFDI from over USD 8 billion in 2007 to USD 686 million in 2008, although it did recover in early 2009. The internationalization trend of Trans-Latin enterprises resulted from a combination of factors: global and regional economic growth trends, 1 increases in productivity and innovation, knowledge transfer, improved supply chain capabilities, high international commodity prices, improved access to credit, and strong corporate profits among others. A number of these conditions have now changed. GDP in Latin America is expected to contract by 1.9% in 2009 (ECLAC, 2009b) and, coupled with falling commodity prices, tightening credit markets and increasing debt levels, will undoubtedly make investment more difficult for most Latin American firms.


The economic performance of CEMAC countries is severely poor, when compared to other communities of the same region. It is on the bases of this background, that this paper purports to empirically investigate the potential key drivers of economic performance in the CEMAC zone. Specifically, the study attempts to scrutinise the effect of: (a) educational expenditure, (b) gross physical capital formation, (c) public health expenditures, and (d) private health expenditure on economic performance. To ascertain these objectives, data is sourced from the World Bank Development Indicators (WDI) of 2017 and used is made of both descriptive and inferential statistics. The Panel-corrected standard errors (PCSE) regression model was employed to test the objectives, due to its capacity to produce appropriate standard error estimates with very insignificant loss of efficiency. The empirical findings, among others suggested that, all forms of investments included in the model, significantly influenced the economic performance of countries in the CEMAC sub-region. Specifically, the results showed that educational expenditure and gross physical capital formation positively influence economic performance in the CEMAC zone. Intriguingly, public and private health expenditures negatively influence economic performance in the said zone. The policy implications of these findings suggest that, emphasis should be laid on increasing investment on government's educational expenditure and gross physical capital formation in the CEMAC zone, if economic performance must be revived.


This article analyzes emotions in the understanding of politics. To that effect, it examines the sociopolitical context of the collective mobilization for peace that arose in 2016, after the "yes" vote lost by less than 1 % in the Peace Plebiscite held in order to ratify the Peace Agreement between the National Government and the farc-ep. I set forth and analyze a set of emotions expressed mainly in social media, which were crucial in driving the collective action of regular citizens, members of peaceful resistance movements such as the Camp for Peace, and incumbent politicians, aimed at saving the Agreement. The theoretical approaches I use for this discussion are those of dynamicist political anthropology, the anthropology of emotions, and the sociology of collective action.


The fourth edition of the RCC-MR code has been issued in French and English versions on October 2007 by AFCEN (Association Francaise pour les regles de Conception et de Construction des Materiels des Chaudieres Electro-nucleaires). It is the result of an important work by Areva NP, EDF and CEA to develop and improve design and construction rules of the previous edition. This paper presents the code evolution from the 2002 edition of the RCC-MR code, such as: - Adaptation of the code to the European standardization, making use of the Harmonized European Standards. - Improvement of the creep-fatigue rules for shells and pipes. - Improvement of the Leak-Before-Break procedure and related defect assessment tools. - Enlargement of the scope of the code to be applicable not only to high temperature structures but also to the ITER vacuum vessel, with in particular the development of the "class 2 box" and a specific appendix dealing with specific fabrication requirements of the ITER vacuum vessel. - Extension of the scope of subsections devoted to bolts. - Development of the chapter on laser welding. - Introduction of requirements in line with the new European Pressure Equipment decree and its French declination to nuclear equipment (ESPN) which is mandatory for a French site construction.Copyright © 2009 by ASME


The aluminum tolerant cultivar BH-1146 was crossed with the moderately tolerant cultivars IAC-17 and Alondra-S-46. Parents, F1's and F2's were tested for their seeding reaction to 3 and 6 ppm of Al3+ in nutrient solution. Grain yield, plant height, number of spikes per plant, number of spikelets per spike, number of grains per spike, number of grains per spikelet, 100-grain-weight and spike lenght were also determined for these populations at maturity. All data were determined on an individual plant basis. Broad sense heritability estimates for 100-grain-weight, head lenght and number of spikelets per spike were 0.73, 0.69 and 0.54 respectively. The values for plant height, number of grain per spike and per spikelet, and number of spike per plant ranged from 0.09 to 0.29. Broad sense heritability for grain yield was low and equal to 0.13. Narrow sense heritability estimates for all characteristics under study except for 100-grain-weigth and number of spikes per plant showed that a major part of the total genetic variation was associated with additive gene action. The phenotypic correlations between grain yield and all the other characteristics were positive and significant at 1% level for most of the populations. Correlations between grain yield and number of spikelets per spike, in populations BH-1146 x IAC-17, showed to be positive and significant only at the 5% probability level. Grain yield and number of spikelets per spike in population BH-1146 x Alondra-S-46 were negative and significantly correlated only at the 5% probability level. Non significant correlations between grain yield and head lenght and between grain yield and plant height in population BH-1146 x Alondra-S-46 and between grain yield and number of spikelets per spike in population IAC-17 x Alondra-S-46. Tolerance to 3 and 6 ppm of Al3+ in nutrient solutions was not associated with plant height (except for BH-1146 x IAC-17 at 3 ppm of Al3+), grain yield, number of grains per spikelet (head fertility), spike lenght (except for BH-1146 x IAC-17 and BH-1146 x Alondra-S-46 at 3 ppm of Al3+), number of spikelets per spike (except for BH-1146 x IAC-17 and BH-1146 x Alondra-S-46 at 3 ppm of Al3+), number of grain per spike, 100-grain-weight and number of spike per plant. The results suggested that there is a possibility of selecting plant types that combine Al3+ tolerance, semi-dwarf height levels and high yield potential, to be grown on acid soils.


Polypropylene (PP) is one of the most important high voltage direct current (HVDC) cable insulation materials, which has been widely used in recent years. However, the accumulation of space charge is the most notable problem to limit the practical application of PP. In this paper, the PP nanocomposites filled with polystyrene-b-poly(ethylene-co-butylene)-b-polystyrene (SEBS) and multi-dimensional zinc oxide composite fillers (co-ZnO) prepared by melt blending method showed excellent properties due to the good compatibility between the co-ZnO filler and PP/SEBS blends. The dielectric permittivity of the composites can be up to 3.1 with 1 wt% doping of co-ZnO. Compared with PP/SEBS, the introduction of co-ZnO filler can largely suppress the space charge accumulation as well as the electric field distortion, and improve the breakdown strength by 14%. It is promising to make the PP/SEBS/co-ZnO composites as one better candidate for HVDC cable insulation materials.


(57) Abstract: authorization system (100) and related method for selectively grant to the host system (110) the use of one or more protection information about the host system (110) (115). Authorization system (100) includes a removably couplable portable authorization device to the host system (110) (140). Portable authorization device (140) receives a plurality of authorization information associated with each of the plurality of protection information (115) to (171) from one or a plurality of information authorization body (160,180,185) It can be and stored. Preferably, portable authorization device (140) may communicate with a plurality of types of information authorization body (160,180,185). Mobile use authorization device (140) blade, the device similar to the stored data each field authorization information (171) two on the basis of 1 Matawa a plurality of mounting protection information (115) placing each field use wo host system (110) two selected target two to authorization.


This paper examines the relationship between the competitiveness of contract bids entered by individual contractors and the size (value) and type of the contracts involved. The development of a competitive index is described which, when combined with a quadratic form of curvilinear regression analysis, provides results similar to previous work in the field.


The present invention, more specifically, the opening and closing timing of the control and the hopper of a heating roller, a printing position, the cutting timing of the cutter according to the control output device, the driving means for the tablet dispensing and packaging perform operations of the tablet automatic dispensing packaging apparatus and accessories tablets tablets packing operation of the automatic dispensing packaging machine that before purification projection, so that the control such as operation time of the tablet cassette to, and to consist of a digital signal control, performed for each of the output control signal settings (initialization) easy access to an operator in the tray It relates to a setting device. To the present invention, the use of a server for controlling an operation management control device or an automatic dispensing packaging devices configured in the body itself, including an external display and a user input keypad of the tablet automatic distribution packaging unit computer, a given from the outside of the automatic distribution packaging unit using the program to simply provide a setting device to enable the setting, initialization and setting of the encoder adjustment control.


Present-day river landscapes are the product of a long-term and ongoing morphological development, which is governed by erosion-deposition processes in fluvial systems. Fluvial erosion and sediment routing are a function of stream power and related morpho-hydrological parameters (e. 2007) that are determined by the specific climatic and geomorphic setting of a drainage system. Fluvial landscapes around the globe comprise comparable drainage configurations (i.e. meandering, anastomosing, and braided river systems) and common morphological features such as staircases of fluvial terraces (e. river landscape development is subordinated to connatural fluvial mechanisms that are controlled by (globally) common climatic, tectonic, and base level parameters (e. The debate on the relative impacts of climate and tectonics on fluvial landscape development has a long history and is still ongoing (e. Stange et al., 2013a, b). It is known that the formation of fluvial terraces is related to climate change and associated variations in river discharge and sediment Staircases of terraces develop in response to a combination of climate-controlled terrace formation superimposed on a long-term incision trend (Merritts et al., 1994; Maddy et al., 2001). Potential drivers of fluvial incision relate to tectonic uplift, lithospheric flexural isostasy, or the base level settings at the outlet of a drainage network features deeply incised valleys with extensive terrace staircases that are well-suited to investigate the (external) drivers of staircase formation and incision. This is because the fluvial systems of the Pyrenees show striking similarities in long-term incision magnitudes and terrace staircase development (Lewis et al., 2009; Stange et al., 2013b, 2014a) disregarding geomorphic and climatic differences associated with the structure


Summary form only given. Development of a three-electrode spark gap, intended for use in synthetic circuits, is considered in this paper. Two types of three-electrode gas insulated spark gaps have been tested: one with the third electrode located inside the main electrode, an the other with a separate third electrode. A theoretical model which enables optimal design of the spark gap has been presented. Application of the model to both types of spark gaps enabled their optimal sizing. The following characteristics have been determined experimentally: the influence of insulating gas parameters on spark gap operation, the influence of the polarity of working and trigger voltages on spark gap operation, the influence of the trigger voltage rate of rise on spark gap operation, and the degree of spark gap irreversibility under conditions of exploitation. Three types of insulating gas have been used: SF6, N2, and a mixture of 60% SF6 with 40% N2 Additionally, three different electrode materials have been implemented: copper, steel and tungsten. Spark gap switching and delay times have been measured as indices of spark gap operation. The statistical analysis of the obtained results is presented in the paper. The testing showed that N? insulated spark gaps have better characteristics than those insulated by SF6, which may be explained by a higher concentration of free electrons in N2 compared to the electronegative SF6. It has been found that that both the switching time and its statistical dispersion increase as the trigger pulse rate of rise becomes higher, while the delay time and its statistical dispersion decreased. Behaviour of the switching time random variable indicated the appearance of irreversible changes in the SF6 insulated spark gap with copper electrodes. Irreversibility of the spark gap was not affected by either the spark gap type or the triggering mode.


This paper presents the author's recent studies of structural strength of urban bus bodies with the finite element method. A summary is provided of the principal problems encountered and their solutions in structural strength. It has proved effective in the practical design of the bus body. The paper also describes two evaluation methods for an item called body carrying capability with deformation ratio of body to frame. The evaluation methods can be used to properly match the rigidity of body and frame. In the last part of the paper, the author offers computation examples about some kinds of urban bus bodies made in China (a).


N ew methods and platforms for rapid development and production of effective subunit vaccines have become a 21st-century imperative. Not only is it important to rapidly express and produce a large number of antigens, but those antigens must be expressed and folded such that their effectiveness in preclinical studies is predictive of their potential effectiveness as vaccines. This task has created a bottleneck in vaccine development because recombinant protein expression is difficult and time-consuming, involving a large number of variables. Highly developed bacterial expression platforms are particularly suited to overcoming many obstacles because of rapid growth rates and a large number of expression tools that have been developed to meet these challenges (1). Deciding which tools or combinations of tools will be effective in producing a particular antigen is often difficult. Primary amino-acid sequences reveal little information on how best to express a given antigen. What has been needed is a way to apply parallel processing to expression strain development so that multiple strategies could be accessed and tested simultaneously. The Pseudomonas fluorescens–based Pfēnex Expression Technology platform is a complete and flexible bacterial expression platform thanks to the development and application of a highly integrated, offthe-shelf toolbox of multiple expression plasmids and host-cell phenotypes (2).


Carnivores are the taxa that the greatest challenges imply in their conservation, their displacement can generate changes in the structure of the ecosystem and lead to the loss of biodiversity. Declining populations due anthropogenic factors continue to be the greatest threat to their populations. Usualy the real threat about big carnivores posed to humans that tend to be less than perceived. These negative perceptions and attitudes can be explained by ignorance about the importance of that predator?s role in ecosystems. Human-carnivore conflicts are often more frequent in Protected Areas because of the practices that lead to the conservation of species. This is the case of two Biosphere Reserves (Sierra Gorda and Sierra de Manantlan) where six feline species registered for Mexico are registered (Jaguar (Panthera onca), puma (Puma concolor), lynx (Lynx rufus), ocelot (Leopardus pardalis), margay (Leopardus wedii) and jaguarundi (Puma yaguarundi), all except Puma are listed in some protection category in Mexican Endangered Species List (NOM-059-SEMARNAT- 2010). The aim of this research was get a diagnosis of the factors involved in the human-carnivorous relationship and, with this information, design a tool that favors decision-making for the management of conflict with humans. Through an interdisciplinary approach was possible build the Conflict Intensity Index (CII). The results revealed that age and literacy level are key in the perception of the inhabitants regarding the puma and to the jaguar. Also, the CII showed areas with high, medium and low intensity of the conflict that can be used as trends to make decisions. Mitigate human-carnivore conflict within and outside the protected areas is a big challenge that involves the use of social, spatial and ecological information to develop tools aiming at a coexistence between humans and wildlife.


The paper reviews the technologies, which can be used for easing the negative impacts of climate change related extreme weather events on transport networks, including emergency management systems and system recovery mechanisms. A short introduction on emergency management is provided first, aiming to link emergency management operations and procedures with the role of transport networks in the cases of climate change related extreme weather events. Then, the technological aspects for the provision of emergency transport management are presented in detail, covering the fields of data collection, data processing and data transmission. 


Low-frequency internal-friction data were obtained using the torsion pendulum for the aluminium −7.5 wt% magnesium alloy in order to study the effects of quenching and aging on solute atom movements. A damping peak near 120 °C, attributed to the stress-induced reorientation of solute atoms (Zener relaxation), was found to shift to 80 °C on quenching. The activation energy for the peak at 80 °C was found to be 22.3 ± 1.5 kcal/mole, about 3 kcal/mole less than that for the Zener peak. The peak shift was found to be due to movement of solute atoms involving divacancies with reduced relaxation time. Aging of the quenched alloy at room temperature for one day was found sufficient to eliminate the effect of quenching in reducing relaxation time.Another weak damping peak near 40 °C in the as-quenched alloy specimen, attributed to the relaxation involving solute clusters, was found to be more pronounced on aging at room temperature for 24 hours, thereby indicating formation of zones in the quenched alloy during a...


The power of the angle-resolved ion desorption technique for straightforward characterization of surfaces is demonstrated. The structural sensitivity of secondary ion desorption has led to a successful application of angle-resolved ion sputtering yield measurements to the determination of the Cl chemical bonding structure on the Ag {100} surface. Angular distributions of the sputtered Cl− ions show that chlorine dissociates at the surface to yield a bonding state of atomic form at the room temperature. Both the polar and the azimuthal angle dependencies of the sputter intensity for Ag+ and Cl− ions reveal that the Cl adatom is chemi-sorbed high above the topmost substrate layer of Ag atoms. At all Cl exposures, the Ag-Cl bond is oriented along the azimuth with the adsorbate occupying a C4 symmetry site, not an a-top, a bridge, or a high symmetry site. Shadow-cone enhanced ion desorption spectra show that die geometrical structure of the Cl chemisorbed surface changes slightly as the exposure is increased.


Although various network management architectures such as centralized, distributed, and hybrid have been presented, any one is not always efficient in all the environment. In this paper, we propose a hierarchical and split network management architecture based on MA+SNMP in order to manage a network of many small NEs distributed over the wide area. Our hierarchical architecture has MA-based proxy management nodes for the flexibility and overhead reduction in NMS as well as SNMP-based NEs considering NE`s capacity. Through the analysis with real experiments, we show that our proposal improves some drawbacks and the processing delay of the existing architectures in the given environment.


Intramedullary spinal cord tumors accounts for 4-10% of all central nervous system tumors and 35-40% of all intraspinal tumors in children. Biological behavior of these tumors is slow progression and often may not be recognized till they have attained significant size. Back pain, motor weakness, frequent falls and   gait disturbances are the presenting complaints. Myxopapillary ependymoma is WHO grade 1 tumor associated with very good prognosis. Early diagnosis and complete surgical resection are the treatment of choice. We reported this case to emphasize the fact that appropriate diagnosis and complete surgical resection of the intraspinal tumor in a child with paraplegia with acute retention of urine with grade 0 power enabled complete neurological recovery.


We present several applications of the layered electron gas model to electron energy loss spectroscopy of freestanding films consisting of $N$ graphene layers in a scanning transmission electron microscope. Using a two-fluid model for the single-layer polarizability, we discuss the evolution of high-energy plasmon spectra with $N$ and find good agreement with the recent experimental data for both multilayer graphene with $Nl10$ and thick slabs of graphite. Such applications of these analytical models help shed light on several features observed in the plasmon spectra of those structures, including the role of plasmon dispersion, dynamic interference in excitations of various plasmon eigenmodes, as well as the relevance of the bulk plasmon bands, rather than surface plasmons, in classifying the plasmon peaks.


The utility model discloses a turning and mixing machine for turning and mixing materials or fodders or trash, and aims to provide the turning and mixing machine which is high in working efficiency and capable of moving and reducing labor intensity. The turning and mixing machine comprises a machine frame, a control box, a first motor, a second motor, a third motor, a fourth motor, a transfer frame, a protective cover, a main shaft, a stirring rod, a roller, a steel wire rope, a limiting mechanism and the like. The turning and mixing machine has the advantages of being simple in structure, convenient to operate, reasonable in design and the like.


In this paper,carbon-doped Ti-O films were prepared on silicon wafer by reaction magnetron sputtering using CO2 as carbon and oxygen source.The composition and structure of as-prepared Ti-O films were characterized by XRD,XPS and Raman spectra.The thickness of the as-prepared Ti-O films was characterized by profilometer.Ultraviolet-visible(UV-Vis) spectrophotometer was used to record the absorbance of as-prepared Ti-O films,the band gaps of as-prepared Ti-O films have been calculated by plotting too.The results showed that C doped Ti-O films were synthesized successfully using CO2 gas as C and O source and rutile phase in the Ti-O films had a significant decrease after carbon doped and carbon was doped in the Ti-O lattice by the means of carbon substituted for oxygen,and the crystallization of TiO phase was also promoted.When CO2 and O2coexisted as reactive gas,Ti atom was priority to combine with oxygen atom and restrained the formation of TiO phase.Carbon doping could decrease the band-gap of and make the absorption edge extended from UV to visible light region and improved the absorption of visible light.


One of the leading issues in high- T C superconductors is the origin of the pseudogap phase in underdoped cuprates. Using polarized elastic neutron diffraction, we identify a novel magnetic order in the YBa 2 Cu 3 O 6+ x system. The observed magnetic order preserves translational symmetry as proposed for orbital moments in the circulating current theory of the pseudogap state. To date, it is the first direct evidence of an hidden order parameter characterizing the pseudogap phase in high- T C cuprates.


The purpose of this study was to analyze the existing problems and put forward the corresponding settlement measures with the basic data of road transport facilities, water supply and drainage facilities, energy and power facilities, environmental facilities and communications facilities of 31 provincial capital cities and municipalities directly under the central government of China. AHP was used to get the comprehensive value and orders of overall level of infrastructures' safety in major big cities. Results of the 31 city infrastructure overall safety level of sorting were summarized, and the existing problems and the reasons were got. Conclusion was drawn that the overall safety level of infrastructure in China needed to be improved and the infrastructure security level of east central area was higher than the western region with a poor gap. The economic development level, the degree of government's attention, population density together with natural conditions were all important factors which influence the urban infrastructure security level.


The invention discloses a method for forming an inverted-pyramid porous surface nanometer texture on polycrystalline silicon and a method for manufacturing a short-wave reinforcing solar cell. The method for forming the inverted-pyramid porous surface nanometer texture on the polycrystalline silicon and the method for manufacturing the short-wave reinforcing solar cell are suitable for the technical field of solar photovoltaic batteries. By means of a metal catalytic chemical corrosion method, a nanometer porous surface structure is formed on the polycrystalline silicon through HF, AgNO3, H2O2, HNO3 and other solutions, then partial samples are placed in a NaOH corrosive liquid with the concentration of 0.1-1% for surface modification of a nanometer inverted pyramid, a nanometer inverted pyramid silicon structure is formed, and the micro structure appearance of the nanometer inverted pyramid silicon structure is even and smooth, so that service life of a few effective charge carriers is greatly prolonged, and ultimately, in the nanometer texture surface structure, by means of changes of the thickness of a silicon nitride layer in the solar cell manufacturing process, a nanometer inverted pyramid silicon solar photovoltaic cell which is low in surface reflection rate and high in short wave spectrum response is prepared. The method for forming the inverted-pyramid porous surface nanometer texture on the polycrystalline silicon and the method for manufacturing the short-wave reinforcing solar cell are simple in process, convenient to operate, low in cost and suitable for industrial production.


In this paper we discuss the algebraic structure of the space H(X) of finite Hausdorff continuous interval functions defined on an arbitrary topological space X. In particular, we show that H(X) is a linear space over R containing C(X), the space of continuous real functions on X, as a linear subspace. In addition, we prove that the order on H(X) is compatible with the linear structure introduced here so that H(X) is an Archimedean vector lattice.