Tailored optical properties have been imparted to polystyrene (PS) colloids of various sizes by the layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly of silica-coated gold (Au@SiO2) or silica-coated silver (Ag@SiO2) nanoparticles with different shell thicknesses and an electrostatically bridging polyelectrolyte, poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDADMAC). The spectral position of the surface plasmon band of the composite colloid spheres is tailored through (i) the type of silica-coated nanoparticles used, (ii) the thickness of the silica shell, and (iii) the number of nanoparticle layers deposited. For thin silica shells ( 18 nm), nanoparticle core−core interparticle interactions are fully prevented and the plasmon band position is unaffected. Additionally, silica dissolution with HF leads ...


Abstract
 This chapter examines the gendered effects of drought-induced migration in rural Morocco for settler migrants and farmers who stay behind in sending communities. Due to state investments in irrigation, the Saiss plains of Morocco are experiencing rural-rural migration as an adaptive strategy for many who are escaping climate change and unemployment, to take advantage of labor opportunities in agricultural sectors elsewhere. The well-being and decision making power of male and female migrants in receiving communities (Betit and Sidi Slimane) and women staying behind in sending communities (Ain Jemaa) are examined. The chapter begins with a literature review on decision making power, gender, migration, and work in rural areas. Following this, the case study characteristics are presented, which detail how climate change is fueling migration, gender norms in host and sending communities, as well as the gender dynamics in accessing economic opportunities and decision making power. The chapter ends with recommendations to strengthen the women's decision making power as migration continues, with a focus on strengthening landed property ownership for women.


The invention discloses an aramid chopped fiber fabric for aviation and high-speed rail seat covers and a production method thereof. The production method sequentially comprises the steps of first performing spinning treatment on colored aramid 1313 chopped fiber; after a semi-finished product fabric is made, performing stretching and steeping treatment on the semi-finished product fabric; and finally performing edge cutting and press polish processing to obtain the aramid chopped fiber fabric for the aviation and high-speed rail seat covers. Due to the fact that the aramid chopped fiber fabric for the aviation and high-speed rail seat covers is processed and produced by adopting the aramid 1313 chopped fiber, the weight of the fiber is reduced, and the aramid chopped fiber fabric for the aviation and high-speed rail seat covers is abrasion-resistant, fireproof and flame-retarding and has strong market competitiveness.


Sandboxes are increasingly important building materials for secure software systems. In recognition of their potential to improve the security posture of many systems at various points in the development lifecycle, researchers have spent the last several decades developing, improving, and evaluating sandboxing techniques. What has been done in this space? Where are the barriers to advancement? What are the gaps in these efforts? We systematically analyze a decade of sandbox research from five top-tier security and systems conferences using qualitative content analysis, statistical clustering, and graph-based metrics to answer these questions and more. We find that the term "sandbox" currently has no widely accepted or acceptable definition. We use our broad scope to propose the first concise and comprehensive definition for "sandbox" that consistently encompasses research sandboxes. We learn that the sandboxing landscape covers a range of deployment options and policy enforcement techniques collectively capable of defending diverse sets of components while mitigating a wide range of vulnerabilities. Researchers consistently make security, performance, and applicability claims about their sandboxes and tend to narrowly define the claims to ensure they can be evaluated. Those claims are validated using multi-faceted strategies spanning proof, analytical analysis, benchmark suites, case studies, and argumentation. However, we find two cases for improvement: (1) the arguments researchers present are often ad hoc and (2) sandbox usability is mostly uncharted territory. We propose ways to structure arguments to ensure they fully support their corresponding claims and suggest lightweight means of evaluating sandbox usability. Subjects Security and Privacy, Operating Systems, Software Engineering


The analysis of the Pi 2 pulsations for the period May 15, 1970, to May 14, 1971, from Ottawa, Meanook, Baker Lake, and Resolute Bay observatories reveals the following: (1) Pi 2 pulsations occur most frequently near midnight at Ottawa, Meanook, and Baker Lake and near 15±1 h LT at Resolute Bay; the 18±1 h LT peak at Baker Lake was found to be quite strong, especially during winter. Also at Baker Lake and Resolute Bay, Pi 2's occurred at later hours during magnetically quiet conditions but at earlier hours during magnetically disturbed conditions. (2) The amplitude of Pi 2 is found to be largest before midnight at Ottawa and Meanook and at midnight at Baker Lake. (3) The period of Pi 2 is noted to be minimum in the morning and maximum in the evening at Ottawa and Meanook. Also, Ottawa results indicate that Pi 2 periods undergo a nonseasonal annual variation. (4) Both the occurrence and amplitude of Pi 2 are found to increase with incrasing magnetic activity to a certain level of Kp, which varied among the stations. (5) Some evidence of a 27-day recurrence tendency in the period of Pi 2 is found. A lunar influence on the occurrence of Pi 2 is also noted, and this effect deserves further attention.


A system (10) of the oral care delivery comprising: a) an integral carrier (12) selected from a material strip, a dental tray, material tipoesponja and mixtures thereof; b) a composition (14) bleach comprising: i) from 0.1% to 20% of a bleaching agent; ii) from 30% to 75% of an insoluble solid phase in water; iii) from 20% to 75% of a water soluble liquid phase; and iv) from 0.1% to 10% of an associative thickener; wherein the ratio of the insoluble solid phase in water to the liquid phase soluble in water is 1: 4 to 4: 1 and endonde the solid phase insoluble in water is selected from polyethylene, polypropylene, polyisoprenes, copolymers delos thereof and mixtures thereof.


A new volumetric three-dimensional (3-D) display system that provides all the visual cues to depth perception has been developed. This system provides flicker-free, large 3-D images of 250 mm in both diameter and depth with a viewing cone from -10° to +10°. The system is simply composed of a dual-frequency liquid-crystal (LC) varifocal lens (the key device), a two-dimensional display, and two fixed lens. The focal length of the LC varifocal lens can be continuously varied from -1.2 to +1.5 diopters (1/m) by changing the effective refractive index of LC. Using a dual-frequency LC for the varifocal lens achieves sufficiently fast operation of at least 60 Hz for flicker-free moving 3-D images. The simple structure of our varifocal lens facilitates the fabrication of a large-diameter lens, resulting in large 3-D images with a sufficient viewing cone.


Optimal control requires a linear model of the system to be controlled and a cost criterion that indicates the objectives of the controlled system. Once these are available, the parameter values for the controller can be found procedurally using suitable software tools. This paper proposes a procedure to determine this criterion in the conceptual design stage, for a particular class of mechatronic systems. A rule of thumb is combined with a mechatronic design tool that can be automated almost completely. Therefore, the proposed design procedure of optimal control with guaranteed performance and stability robustness can also be automated completely.


Washington State University and the Globewide Network Academy are exploring the conditions under which an educational enterprise can thrive in cyberspace. This work involves several levels. Rada (1997a) surveys courseware, virtual classrooms, and school information infrastructures. A virtual educational organisation is necessarily an intimate linkage among all three of these levels. Also, a delicate mapping among tools, people, and educational problems must be determined for an array of possibilities. Earlier work studied the relationship between such entities as a paper textbook and a hypertext — this was research at the courseware level. This study of courseware was compared with a study of how students interact with one another with the support of computer networks. These classroom studies focused in part on the nature of computer-mediated student-student and student-teacher communication (Warren & Rada, 1998) and included the administrative issues of efficiency in the classroom (Rada, to appear). By requiring students to make many small work submissions and to evaluate one another's submissions, a manageable process was created which requires computer support. Each student transaction is recorded in a database. Semiautomated methods of quality control are implemented to monitor the transactions of students and to notify the teacher and students when abnormal patterns in student behaviour are manifested. In this way, peer-peer interaction can become a cornerstone of student feedback and the teacher can monitor selectively. The long-term interest is how the school can exploit the information superhighway so as to establish new market niches for education. A content analysis across many universities and disciplines of what they are doing on the Web (Rada et al., 1996), found that the only discernible pattern was that high technology disciplines were more inclined to use the Web in education than less technological disciplines. The lack of a pattern across institutional types was as surprising as the dominance of certain high technology disciplines was unsurprising. The explanation for the increased usage of the Web in high technology disciplines was that tools must fit into the work flow of those who are to use them. Current work combines engineering, theory-building and experimenting with the challenge of working with a virtual educational organisation. Washington State University led an effort to create a Virtual University and


Abstract : The long terms goals of the project are to develop efficient numerical schemes for the assessment of ocean surface roughness and atmospheric ducting on the strength of a received RF signal.


Method and apparatus for data communication starts, detect and notify the other terminal is used which type of duplexing (such as full or half duplex). Between the central location and the remote location of the communication device to exchange capabilities. Capacity and the quality of the communication channel based on the communication channel, select the appropriate communication standard.


Socioemotional selectivity theory predicts that as the end of life approaches, resources that provide immediate, hedonic reward become more important and resources that provide delayed rewards become less important. The present study tested the theory in the context of marital dyads in which one partner had been diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a terminal disease. ALS patients (N = 102) and their spouses (N = 100) reported their loneliness, financial worry, and psychological health every 3 months for up to 18 months. In multilevel dyadic models, patients and spouses had similar levels of financial worry and loneliness, but spouses' psychological health was more affected than patients' by financial worry. In actor-partner models, patients' and spouses' loneliness was associated with the other's psychological health. Finally, patient psychological health predicted mortality risk. In conclusion, the present study provides good support for the predictions of socioemotional selectivity theory in a strong test of the theory. Resources and Well-being in ALS 3 Resources and Well-being in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Patients and Caregivers: A Longitudinal, Dyadic Analysis As people age and their time remaining in life decreases, their motivations and values shift toward close social relationships and positive emotional experience and away from relationships and resources that are more closely aligned with status and knowledge (Carstensen, Isaacowitz, & Charles, 1999; Fung & Carstensen, 2004; Riediger, Schmiedek, Wagner, & Linderberger, 2009). Socioemotional selectivity theory predicts that such shifts are adaptive insofar as they maximize resources that can be realized immediately (i.e., happiness and social connection) over resources that are more important for future use or take time to develop. The present study examines concern about social and financial resources as predictors of psychological well-being and patient survival among amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients and their spousal caregivers. ALS causes progressive deterioration of upper and lower motor neurons, ultimately resulting in complete paralysis, respiratory weakness, and either death or continuous mechanical ventilation. The disease is almost twice as common in men as in women and is associated with older age, with peak incidence around age 70. ALS is considered a terminal disease, with five-year survival of 25% and ten-year survival of 10% (Shaw, 2000). Therefore, a diagnosis of ALS is very likely to decrease the amount of time remaining in life. Like advancing age, a potentially terminal illness may refocus motivations and values. In a comparison (made before highly active antiretroviral therapy) of gay men who were HIV seronegative, HIV seropositive but asymptomatic, or HIV Resources and Well-being in ALS 4 seropositive and symptomatic, symptomatic men assigned the most weight to the potential for positive interaction with social partners and the least weight to potential for "getting to know" novel social partners. HIV seronegative and asymptomatic men had the opposite pattern. Asymptomatic men also attached less weight to novel social partners than did seronegative men (Carstensen & Fredrickson, 1998). Notably, the three groups had similar chronological age. These results suggest that terminal illness and the progression of such illness orient goals and values toward positive social interactions and positive affect in the present. Dyads in which one partner has been diagnosed with ALS provide a valuable context in which to study socioemotional shifts and their emotional and health consequences. Socioemotional selectivity theory predicts that, following from the effects of ALS on time remaining in life, patients' goals and values should be aligned with close social resources to a greater degree than spouses'. Spouses' goals and values should be aligned with resources important for the future (such as finances) to a greater degree than patients'. Furthermore, the importance of goals and values should determine their influence on psychological health (Emmons, 1986; King, Richards, & Stemmerich, 1998; McGregor & Little, 1998; Segerstrom, Jones, Scott, & Crofford, 2016). Because close social resources are more important to patients, concerns in that domain should affect them to a greater degree than spouses, and vice versa. The dyadic context provides for a strong test of these predictions. There are dyadic similarities in psychological well-being in ALS patients and caregivers (Garcia et al., in press). Indeed, some aspects of quality of life are more affected by Resources and Well-being in ALS 5 ALS disease progression for caregivers than for patients (Roach et al., 2009). Both members of the dyad are confronting challenges associated with ALS, but only patients are confronting the possibility of their own premature mortality. Therefore, comparing dyad members allows for isolation of the effect of ALS on time remaining in life from other aspects of the disease that affect both members of the dyad, such as general awareness of mortality and changes in life circumstances. Dyadic longitudinal models consider couples as an "interdependent relational system" coping with disease over time (Lo et al., 2013). Laurenceau and Bolger (2012, 2013) have proposed two models for accounting for dyadic similarity and difference in longitudinal data. Multilevel analysis for distinguishable dyads (Laurenceau & Bolger, 2013) structures the model such that estimates of intercepts, time slopes, and effects of explanatory variables are generated for each member of the dyad separately. Of course, this can also be accomplished by fitting separate models for each member of the dyad, but dyadic multilevel analysis is preferable because the covariance between dyad members in these estimates is part of the model estimation. Therefore, in using such models, the degree to which married couples are similar to each other becomes explicit. Another approach is actor-partner multilevel analysis (Laurenceau & Bolger, 2012). Like dyadic multilevel analysis, these models estimate within-dyad covariances. However, they also include the influence of one partner's explanatory variable on the other partner's outcome (actor-partner effects). For example, because social concerns are hypothesized to affect patients to a greater degree than spouses, actor-partner models can test whether patients' social concern affects their Resources and Well-being in ALS 6 psychological health and whether their spouses' social concern also affects patients' psychological health (cf., Kouros, Papp, & Cummings, 2008; Zhou et al., 2011). The present study investigated the relationships between social and financial concerns and psychological health among patients and caregivers in the Seattle ALS Patient Profile Project (McDonald et al., 1994). In this multi-site study, patients and caregivers were interviewed in their homes multiple times over approximately 18 months, allowing for examination of both stable individual differences and change over time in concerns about resources and psychological health. Social concerns were operationalized as loneliness. Loneliness is distinct from social isolation per se in that it reflects a discrepancy between personal goals or expectations for social connection and experienced social connection (Rook, 1984). Perceived deficits in close relationships (e.g., close friends in adolescence or family members in older age) affect loneliness to a greater degree than perceived deficits in causal relationships (Routasalo, Savikko, Tilvis, Strandberg, & Pitkälä, 2006; Russell, Cutrona, McRae, & Gomez, 2012). Therefore, loneliness reflects concern about the type and quality of social relationships that socioemotional selectivity theory predicts become more important as the end of life approaches. Financial concerns were operationalized as worry about having enough money to meet financial needs. The following hypotheses were tested: 1. Accounting for dyadic similarity, patients should have higher social concern, and spouses, higher financial concern. This prediction follows from the relative importance of social and financial resources among patients and spouses. Resources and Well-being in ALS 7 2. Accounting for dyadic similarity, patients' psychological health should be more affected by social concerns, and spouses', by financial concerns. This prediction arises because resources and goals that are important to or valued by the individual have greater impact on psychological health than those that are less important or valued. Additional exploratory analyses used actor-partner models to test whether spouses' social and financial concerns affected patient psychological health and vice versa. Finally, a composite of many psychological variables including depression, hopelessness, and perceived stress (but not including loneliness or financial worry) predicted patient survival at a 3.5-year follow-up in the Seattle ALS Patient Profile Project (OR = 2.24 for lowest or worst tertile vs. highest or best tertile; McDonald et al., 1994). Therefore, the final hypothesis tested whether concerns and psychological health were related to patient survival through a 20-year follow-up: 3. More social concern and poorer psychological health, but not more financial concern, should predict patient survival. Additional exploratory analyses tested whether spouses' social and financial concerns and psychological health affected patient survival. Method Participants Participants were 102 patients with ALS and 100 spousal caregivers from the Seattle ALS Patient Profile Project. The analytic sample was a subset of the total sample (N = 143 patients and 123 caregivers). There were 103 spouse-patient dyads in the study (20 patients had no caregiver in the study; 20 had another family Resources and Well-being in ALS 8 member or paid caregiver in the study). One patient and two spous


Measuring the performance of Information System (IS) is considered as one of the main pillars of the IS governance in the company. Key performance indicators (KPI) are the most used tools for measuring IS performance. In this work, we propose a structural framework based on the extended ISO 194400 Meta-model that can provide a multiview meta-knowledge library, to enrich all the company dashboards for decision-making. In practice, we propose a case study in a Moroccan telecom company for deploying the proposed structural approach. We use especially Galois lattices in order to evaluate the synchronization level between some processes and key performance indicators as a contribution to measuring the performance of Information Systems.


6576 Background: Stage migration may be associated with delays in surgical breast cancer treatment >90 days. Although it is not recommended to have a 3-month span from diagnosis to definitive surgi...


The rapid development of computer information technology has had a profound impact on various industries and fields of society. In recent years, a large number of artificial intelligence software for computer-assisted teaching have emerged. In order to improve the efficiency of auxiliary software development and deployment, this paper uses the combination of Java and artificial intelligence language Prolog to develop a new software system that can realize online intelligent learning. The system also applies the idea of artificial intelligence expert system theory, which has certain creativity. Use Struts+ Spring+ Hibernate lightweight JavaEE framework to build. The system greatly reduces the degree of dislocation between various modules, which is beneficial to the expansion of future functions. In general, compared with ordinary teaching assistance systems, this system applies the artificial intelligence module combined with the forgetting law of the brain into the system, and designs a system for reviewing English knowledge points to check for omissions.


In this paper, a twin-body fuselage configuration is discussed for advanced supersonic transport. This twin-body fuselage concept is inspired by the wave reduction effect of the supersonic biplane airfoils proposed by Kusunose et al. The wave drag characteristics as well as the wave drag reduction are discussed by inviscid CFD computations at our design Mach number of 1.7 utilizing an aerodynamic design optimization method. Aerodynamic shape optimizations of single/twin-body fuselages are executed to explore the lowest wave drag configurations. The optimally designed non-axisymmetrical twin-body shows the best aerodynamic performance. Wave drag of our proposed twin-body shows 2/3 that of the Sears-Haack body. It is well known that the Sears-Haack (single) body has the lowest wave drag for given volume and length of the body. The increment of skin friction drag is also discussed for the twin-body fuselage configuration. Based on the total drag analysis, the superiority of the optimal twin-body fuselage configuration over the conventional single-body fuselage configuration is clearly demonstrated.


The objective of this study is to develop a numerical computation method based on depth integrated model for sand waves varying with hydraulic conditions. To calculate depth scale flow structures with sand dunes, we developed the general bottom velocity computation method based on a depth integrated model, in which bottom velocity and pressure acting on bed surface are calculated without taking the assumption of the shallow water flow, such as the hydrostatic pressure distribution. The flow separation behind the dune crest, which has been found to play an important role of the dune formation, is evaluated by the production terms of the depth integrated vorticity equations. Non-equilibrium sediment transport is calculated by using momentum equation of the sediment motion with the relaxation length of the particle movement. We applied the model to experimental results on sand dunes in a narrow channel and discussed the performance of the model.


BACKGROUND
Many public health surveillance programs utilize hospital discharge data in their estimation of disease prevalence. These databases commonly use the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) coding scheme, which transitioned from the ICD-9 clinical modification (ICD-9-CM) to ICD-10-CM on October 1, 2015. This study examined this transition's impact on the prevalence of major birth defects among infant hospitalizations.

METHODS
Using data from the Agency for Health Care Research and Quality-sponsored National Inpatient Sample, hospitalizations during the first year of life with a discharge date between January 1, 2012 and December 31, 2016 were used to estimate the monthly national hospital prevalence of 46 birth defects for the ICD-9-CM and ICD-10-CM timeframes separately. Survey-weighted Poisson regression was used to estimate 95% confidence intervals for each hospital prevalence. Interrupted time series framework and corresponding segmented regression was used to estimate the immediate change in monthly hospital prevalence following the ICD-9-CM to ICD-10-CM transition.

RESULTS
Between 2012 and 2016, over 21 million inpatient hospitalizations occurred during the first year of life. Among the 46 defects studied, statistically significant decreases in the immediate hospital prevalence of five defects and significant increases in the immediate hospital prevalence of eight defects were observed after the ICD-10-CM transition.

CONCLUSIONS
Changes in prevalence were expected based on changes to ICD-10-CM. Observed changes for some conditions may result from variation in monthly hospital prevalence or initial unfamiliarity of coders with ICD-10-CM. These findings may help birth defects surveillance programs evaluate and interpret changes in their data related to the ICD-10-CM transition.


The CAFE method simulated 3D-microstructure in solidification processes was analyzed.The CAFE method is the combination of cellular automaton(CA) model with finite element(FE) method which is a macro-micro coupling model,and this method can simulate the competitive growth of columnar grains and equiaxed grains,the formation of columnar region,relationship between grain boundary orientation and hot grads,columnar-to-equiaxed transition,and the shape of equiaxed grains in non-isothermal temperature field,etc.The nucleation density is described by Gaussian distribution in the CAFE model.Calculation of kinetics of the dendrite tip growth is done according to the model of KGT.The crystallographic orientation 100 is selected preferentially,and the competition of crystal growth is developed directly.The coupling of FE and CA is realized through the interpolation between FE mesh and CA cells.Based on the CAFE method,3D-microstructure of 9SMn28 free cutting steel was simulated in solidification processes,and the simulation results are consistent with those of experiment.The composition of 9SMn28 free cutting steel was optimized;the optimum C,P,Mn,Si and S contents are 0.15%,0.10%,1.2%,0.08% and 0.36%,respectively.The optimization results were also simulated and the solidification structure is improved obviously.


Bayesian model selection is a tool to decide whether the introduction of a new parameter is warranted by data. I argue that the usual sampling statistic significance tests for a null hypothesis can be misleading, since they do not take into account the information gained through the data, when updating the prior distribution to the posterior. On the contrary, Bayesian model selection offers a quantitative implementation of Occam's razor. I introduce the Savage–Dickey density ratio, a computationally quick method to determine the Bayes factor of two nested models and hence perform model selection. As an illustration, I consider three key parameters for our understanding of the cosmological concordance model. By using WMAP 3–year data complemented by other cosmological measurements, I show that a non–scale invariant spectral index of perturbations is favoured for any sensible choice of prior. It is also found that a flat Universe is favoured with odds of 29 : 1 over non–flat models, and that there is strong evidence against a CDM isocurvature component to the initial conditions which is totally (anti)correlated with the adiabatic mode (odds of about 2000 : 1), but that this is strongly dependent on the prior adopted. These results are contrasted with the analysis of WMAP 1–year data, which were not informative enough to allow a conclusion as to the status of the spectral index. In a companion paper, a new technique to forecast the Bayes factor of a future observation is presented.


Patients warned of a bleed may be more vigilant

EDITOR,--John Weil and colleagues, in their large case-control study, do not mention that they have taken the possibility that their aspirin using subjects could have been more likely to spot a bleeding peptic ulcer because they …


Fiscal regimes are very important in the global Petroleum Exploration and Production (E&P) industry. They sharpen policies, management strategies and revenue (take) by governments while defining the attractiveness of the industry to investors. One of the major parameters in fiscal regimes is royalty oil, which could be fixed or adjustable on a sliding scale. Nigeria, which has used fixed royalty scale since the first oil in 1958, is now proposing a change to the sliding royalty scale method within a general review of the country's fiscal regime terms. This study investigated the impact on Government take of a change to sliding royalty in both Joint Ventures (JV) and Production Sharing Contract (PSC) arrangements. Generalised cash flow models to evaluate true government take were developed under conditions of royalty scales based on either or both oil price and volume of production. The results show that government take under sliding royalty scale rates compared favourably with take under fixed royalty rates. However, sliding royalty rates calculated based on both oil price and volume of production yield higher government take than those based on either volume of production or price of oil alone.


The article mainly reviewed the developing progress of molecular sieves, the preparation methods of SBA-15 molecular sieve, the studies of the modification for SBA-15 and the preparation of host (SBA-15 )-gust composite materials during recent years, the applications of SBA-15 molecular sieve and host (SBA-15 )-gust composite materials. The future development of SBA-15 molecular sieve is prospected.


Background : Breast radiotherapy is associated with a cardiotoxicity risk which could be decreased by optimizing radiation dose to the left anterior descending coronary artery (LADCA). However, precise delineation of the LADCA on non-contrast computed tomography (CT) scans is complex and poorly reproducible. Purpose : This study aimed to define a reproducible "high risk cardiac zone" (HRCZ) which could straightforwardly replace LADCA delineation on non-contrast CT scans for treatment planning optimization. Additionally, we compared standard dosimetric parameters (mean and maximum doses) of the proposed HRCZ and of the LADCA. Materials/methods : Forty breast cancer patients treated with intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) were randomly selected from our institutional database. The LADCA was manually delineated on the non-contrast simulation CT scans according to ESTRO guidelines (Duane et al., 2017), to ensure reproducibility, and each contour was validated by a staff of three radiation oncologists. "High risk cardiac zones" (HRCZ) were defined as segments of the anterior cardiac wall, geometrically centered around the inter-ventricular groove where the LADCA anatomically lies (from top to bottom) with a constant 1cm-thickness and a symmetrical lateral expansion on both sides of the groove (HRCZ width). For each patient, eight "high risk cardiac zones" (HRCZ) were delineated differing by their width, ranging between 1 cm and 8 cm (by steps of 1cm). Mean and maximum doses to the LADCA and to the HRCZ were retrieved, and relative variations were calculated as follows, as a function of the HRCZ width: Mean dose relative variation = [mean dose (HRCZ) - mean dose (LADCA)]/mean dose (LADCA) Max. dose relative variation = [max. dose (HRCZ) - max. dose (LADCA)]/max. dose (LADCA) Results : Mean and maximum dose relative variations between HRCZ and LADCA are reported in table 1 as a function of HRCZ width, for left-sided and right-sided irradiation. For a given HRCZ width, LADCA radiation exposure can be straightforwardly deducted from HRCZ dosimetric parameters, by applying the corresponding dose adjustments. HRCZ had higher maximum doses than LADCA, independently of the width. However, for a HRCZ width larger than 4 cm, dosimetric adjustments for the maximum doses drastically increased for right-sided irradiation with a potential risk of non-representativeness. Conclusion : When planning breast radiotherapy on non-contrast CT scans, delineating a segment of the anterior cardiac wall centered on the inter-ventricular groove from top to bottom, with a 1cm thickness and a 3-4cm width, can replace LADCA uncertain contouring and can be conveniently used for indirect coronary sparing. Citation Format: Pierre Loap, Nicolas Tkatchenko, Eliot Nicolas, Youlia Kirova. Definition of a high risk cardiac zone on non-contrast computed tomography (CT) scans for indirect optimization of left anterior descending coronary artery (LADCA) dosimetry for breast radiotherapy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2020 San Antonio Breast Cancer Virtual Symposium; 2020 Dec 8-11; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(4 Suppl):Abstract nr PS15-08.


gration problems of today, namely, illegal immigration. Nonetheless, despite these shortcomings it should be reiterated that Lewis has generally fulfilled his limited though worthwhile purpose and provided a very useful book for undergraduate students of migration. It also provides a service to researchers who desire a convenient and fairly well-documented summary of past and current aspects of migration, although they are probably aware of most of them already.


"Four artists of First Nations heritage examine the hierarchical relationship between humans and animals within a cultural and museological context, and investigate colonial politics and issues of gender as they relate to the mastery of the natural world." -- Distributor's website.


Abstract Ceramic systems of Ba1−xLaxTiO3 with La-doping contents of x = 0, 0.005, 0.01, 0.02, 0.04, and 0.08, denoted as BT, BLT0.5, BLT1, BLT2, BLT4, and BLT8, respectively, were synthesized by the solid-state reaction route. All systems were observed the crystal structure, dielectric constant ( ), dielectric loss polarization and electric field-induced strain. Thermoelectric properties including electrical resistivity ( ), Seebeck coefficient ( S ), and power factor (PF) of all systems were also performed. The BT0.5 provided the best shot in a term of ferroelectric properties since lanthanum could well diffuse into the BT lattice and enhance the dielectric constant and polarization, while BT1 was quite good for thermoelectric aspect as ion displacement and electrical conductivity was well incorporated. The result suggests that the BT1 system has a possible potential to be further developed for high-temperature thermoelectric applications in the case of polycrystal ceramics.


Porosity prediction in an open system is ex tremely difficult because sources of pore-filling ce ments and grainand cement-dissolving solutions are not readily delineated, nor are the volumes of these solutions easily quantifiable. A good exam ple of the problems encountered is the case of cre ating secondary porosity by dissolution of carbonate cement. In this case, porosity prediction depends upon the ability to predict the conditions conducive to both the development of the porefilling cement and its subsequent dissolution. The occurrence of carbonate cement must be considered in terms of timing with respect to other porosity reduction mechanisms, abundance and dis tribution within the prospective reservoir sand stone, and the various chemical and biological controls on precipitation. Similarly, late-stage dis solution must be evaluated in terms of timing with respect to both structuring and porosity preserva tion mechanisms, extent and distribution of secon dary pores, and the chemical controls on dis solution. In light of these difficulties, prediction of porosity in a reservoir formed by decementation is highly problematic. A prediction of maximum po rosity may be a more easily attained, although highly speculative and less meaningful, value for the explorationist.


Abstract Six herbicides were applied to four woody and two herbaceous plant species to evaluate weed control effectiveness, effect on plant growth and phytotoxicity level. Surflan (Oryzalin) at 2.3, 4.5, 6.8 kg ai/ha (2, 4, 6 lb ai/A), Devrinol (Napropamide) at 5.5, 9.1, 13.6 kg ai/ha (4, 8, 12 lb ai/A) and Dual (Metolachlor), Rout (Oxyfluorfen + Oryzalin) and Snapshot (Isoxaben + Oryzalin) at 3.4, 6.8, 10.2 kg ai/ha (3, 6, 9 lb ai/A) were applied to container-grown Fraxinus pennsylvanica var. lanceolata (Borkh.) (green ash) and Betula pendula (Roth.) (European white birch). Additionally, Surflan at 2.3, 4.5 kg ai/ha (2, 4, lb ai/A), Ronstar (Oxadiazon) and Devrinol at 5.52, 9.1 kg ai/ha (4, 8 lb ai/A), Dual and Rout at 3.4, 6.8 kg ai/ha (3, 6 lb ai/A) were applied to container-grown Acer tataricum L. (Tatarian maple), Philadelphus virginalis L. (virginal mock orange), Hemerocallis L. sp. (daylily) and Clematis recta L. (clematis). Weed seed sown in both experiments included: Setaria glauca (L.) Beauv. (y...


Short oral texts have the characteristics of sparse features and vague expressions, which lead to poor performance when applying matching methods to them. Aiming at these problems, this paper proposes a matching method based on word vector text representation, which comprehensively considers part-of-speech, semantics and word order to map oral text to operation instructions. First, this paper uses the Skip-gram model to train the selected corpus to obtain the word vector representation of the corpus; then uses the cosine similarity to calculate the similarity of the feature words; then, combined with the text characteristics in this scene, use the WMR(Word Matching Rate) to calculate the similarity between short texts; finally, the method in this paper is evaluated on the test set. The results show that the method described in this paper has better precision and recall rate than other methods, and effectively improves the matching of oral text to instruction text.


Due to the new generation of mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets, users are no longer constrained to their traditional devices such as PCs and laptops in order to access the information they need. This has given rise to a new trend in Business Intelligence (BI) coined mobile BI. This new term reflects an organizing vision, created by a broad community, which is prominent during the comprehension process of this innovation. We examine the mobile BI organizing vision created in terms of interpretation and legitimation. Analyses of published material, e.g. trade press and white papers, and semi-structured interviews were conducted in order to describe the community members' discourse. The study shows that the discourse has evolved from the emergence to the growth period, where the organizing vision is maturing and mobile BI is found to be in the ascendant phase of its career path. Self-service, power and control, and collaboration are some attributes, which shape the vision of mobile BI. Additionally, any time any place decision making, reduction of decision time especially in critical situation like emergencies, better customer service are benefits expected to be generated from mobile BI usage. (Less)


An ICRF system with power up to 6.0 MW and a LHCD system up to 4MW have been applied for heating and current drive experiments on EAST. Intensive lithium wall coating was intensively used to reduce particle recycling and Hydrogen concentration in Deuterium plasma, which is needed for effective ICRF and LHCD power absorption in high density plasmas. Significant progress has been made with ICRF heating and LHW current drive for realizing the H-mode plasma operation in EAST. In 2010, H-mode was generated and sustained by LHCD alone, where lithium coating and gas puffing launcher mouth were applied to improve the LHCD power coupling and penetration into the core plasmas at high density of H-modes. During the last two experimental campaigns, ICRF Heating experiments were carried out at the fixed frequency of 27MHz, achieving effective ions and electrons heating with the H Minority Heating (H-MH) mode, where electrons are predominantly heated by collisions with high energy minority ions. The H-MH mode gave the best plasma performance, and realized H-mode alone in 2012. Combination of ICRF and LHW power injection generated the H-mode plasmas with various ELMy characteristics. The first successful application of the ICRF Heating in the D (He3) plasma was also achieved. The progress on ICRF heating, LHCD experiments and their application in achieving H-mode operation from last two years will be discussed in this report.


The relevance is determined by the presence of discussions among economists and political scientists about the state regulation role, especially during crises when governments are expected to provide an economic miracle solution or new measures that are not thought about during periods of growth. The subject of the study is government expenditures, which should be fairly distributed by governments in crisis times with a clear vision and understanding of public goals, for the achievement of which it is necessary to undertake economic changes. Therefore, the purpose of the study is to generalize the results of the discussion about the possibility of changing the economic "mainstream" to the "modern monetary theory" (MMT) and its prospects in public finance management. The research methods include systematic, critical, comparative and cross-country analysis and verification of the realism of the MMT's proposals. The results of the study made it possible to analyze the economic solutions of the new theory based on the political subtext of the theory itself: is it possible to entrust governments with an unlimited budget filled with the issue of national currency; has there been a need to update public goals; what are the prospects for full employment with government funding of jobs; is it possible for society to subject taxes to increase or is there enough transparency and collection; is inflation dangerous in the current situation and in the future; is the MMT really an economic recipe for politicians focused on achieving public goals, including ecology and inequality. It is concluded that all-round criticism and all-round approval are equally unacceptable in relation to the new theory from the standpoint of practical state regulation. Some elements of the MMT have already been implemented in various countries, both successfully and with negative consequences. Therefore, when considering the MMT in unity with public goals, the criterion of choice should not be the quality of economic decisions, not their elegance and validity, but enforceability in accordance with urgent and strategic tasks that need to be solved by politicians.


Teachers training after profession is carried out by the way of integration of research and training, at the same time, it combines with the construction of experimental education college, then the integration of target setup, the curriculum establishenment, and teaching design of teachers training are realized.


For better understanding the light propagation in a double clad fiber(DCF),the perfect circular double clad fiber is numerically investigated by using the coupled mode method with translating the DCF into a single mode fiber(SMF)and an annular core fiber(ACF).The coupling coefficients between the LP01 mode of the SMF and the guided modes of the ACF are calculated.The results show that the LP0n modes of the ACF have greater coupling coefficients than the other guided modes,and for the LP0n modes the coupling coefficient of the high-order mode is larger than that of the low-order mode.The field distribution in the DCF core calculated by the coupled mode equations shows a quasi-periodic distribution along the DCF.The average period of the field distribution increases with the increasing of wavelength for different DCF parameters and the average normalized power of the field distribution is closely related to the chosen parameters of the DCF.


The variable order time fractional unsteady convection diffusion equation was studied.Numerical approximation scheme has been proposed by using the method of the piecewise linear interpolation combined with a second order approximation of the first order time derivative to discrete the Coimbra variable order time fractional derivative.Furthermore,central difference is used to approximate the first order and second order of the spatial fractional derivatives.Finally,a numerical example has been presented to verify the numerical technique,which shows the efficiency of the numerical method.


This ethnographic study explored how the linguistic repertoires of K-2 Latina dual language teachers shape their pedagogical practices within public education on the U.S.-Mexico borderlands, the frontera (Anzaldúa, 1987; Staudt, 2008). Within a transnational context, pedagogical practices related to language use were analyzed drawing from theories of Funds of Knowledge (Moll, Amanti, Neff, & González, 1992; González, Moll, & Amanti, 2005), which values culturally developed pedagogies. The continua model of biliteracy (Hornberger, 2003) offers a theoretical lens through which to see teaching practice in complex bilingual settings. Drawing from sociocultural theory (NLG, 1996; Hornberger, 2004), data collection and analysis of interviews, observations, and artifacts, showed the intertwining of language and identity in practitioners' narratives and practices. Within the borderlands, bilingualism and biliteracy practices illustrate both structure and agency. Bilingual educators benefit from practice that incorporates the full range of linguistic repertoires. The findings painted a portrait of how DL teachers' languages, literacies, and identities intertwined to shape their pedagogical practice. The individual and collective stories of DL teachers, indicate that teacher preparation programs need to provide ample opportunities to explore identity formation, develop academic Spanish skills, and increase knowledge about the structure and implementation of bilingual education program models.


In 1938 gymnastics instructor Carola Spitz escaped from Nazi Germany. In New York she turned into Carola Speads, revered teacher of mindfulness. She breathed with clients in her Central Park West studio until she was 97 years old. Now Christoph Ribbat combines her gripping biography with the histories of modern bodywork and breathing experiments. He illuminates the tension between self-help fads and 20th century catastrophes. Accessible and quirky, Breathing in Manhattan speaks to experts and non-experts alike: to readers of Jewish history, students of New York City, and to anyone attracted by - or skeptical of - the promises of mindfulness.


The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between exports and the industrial production index for economic growth by employing the Granger causality test for the total manufacturing sector and Turkey's top 10 exported goods over the period 2002:01 to 2012:05. According to our findings, there is evidence to support export-led growth for basic metals, chemical products, and fabricated metal products in the long-run and a unidirectional causality relationship was found from economic growth to exports for electrical machinery and apparatus both in the short and long-run. Moreover, a pattern of growth-led exports is also valid for chemical products in the short-run.


An economic phenomenon predicting and/or analyzing system using a neural network. In the disclosed system, time series data indicating economic phenomena are input to preparation modules, and moving-average val ues and their differences are generated. One of the prep aration modules performs a predetermined process over the time series data indicating an economic phenome non, i.e. the change of TOPIX, to remove trends. A pattern sorter sorts the trend-free data into a certain number of groups. Average values of various time series data, their differences and the result of pattern sorting are input to input layer neurons of the network. The network is provided in advance with learning informa tion of the change of TOPIX in the past. The output of the output layer neurons will be a value of prediction of the change of TOPIX. For the output of hidden layer neurons, principal components are obtained by princi pal analysis modules. A correlation analysis module obtains a distribution of frequency of principal compo nent rankings and analyzes the correlation between the explanation variants and the output of the neural net work based on the obtained distribution of frequency.


Raman and infrared spectra of solid H 2 Se at temperatures between 85 and 20 K are reported and interpreted. THe broad peaks observed in the spectra of phase II are characteristic of an orientationally disordered crystal, whereas the multiple components of the internal modes and rich lattice spectra found for phase III are indicative of an ordered structure. The unit cell for this phase is probably centrosymmetric and contains at least four molecules. Plausible assignments for all observed spectroscopic features are proposed


T hrough the week of October 8–14, 1994, a conference entitled "The Legacy of Norbert Wiener: A Centennial Symposium" was held at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. The idea, of course, was to honor Norbert Wiener on this occasion and to review his contributions to mathematics, science, and engineering, but a deeper purpose was to bring out the significance of the interactions among these disciplines in contemporary research, as illustrated in the work of Wiener himself and others influenced by that work. We quote from the program: [This symposium] begins with talks on current research in the areas of his fundamental contributions to mathematics. It continues with speakers representing a variety of disciplines with strong and growing relationships to mathematics. Finally, throughout the week there are talks devoted to Dr. Wiener's intellectual development and his profound influence on his colleagues at MIT and elsewhere. An important goal of this symposium is to alert the mathematical, scientific, and engineering community to new opportunities for interactions between mathematics and other disciplines. The symposium was sponsored by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the American Mathematical Society, with financial support from Henry Singleton, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, the Sloan Foundation, and the National Science Foundation. The proceedings of this conference will be published by the American Mathematical Society. The following article is a selection of excerpts from the biography printed for the program of the symposium, which was prepared by David Jerison and Daniel Stroock.


The vehicle auto navigation system is one of the important parts of the intelligent transportation system.The pa- per gives a multiplex clustering algorithm of data digging,and analyze a new application in the design of the route with the geographical information system Experiment has proved such compound cluster' s algorithm is more effective than the traditional algorithm.


Various arrangements were considered for two thin plates, oscillated by a flow in a parallel plate duct, with a view to enhancing the heat transfer along the duct. Heat transfer and pressure distributions were measured at varying the clearances from the wall and various plate separations. The maximum and mean Nusselt numbers have a Reynolds number dependence of Re 0.8 , and were, respectively, 2.3 and 1.6 times as large as those in fully developed turbulent flow, for air with Reynolds number ranging from 9,000 to 37,500. Full-field infrared imaging, a relatively new technique, was used to obtain the temporal and spatial temperature profiles on the wall surface. Isotherm contours of the infrared images correspond well to the heat transfer characteristics and flow


A multirate switched capacitor (SC) system approach is presented for the realisation of analogue frequency division multiplexers. The proposed systems employ only SC decimator and interpolator circuits yielding significant advantages over existing systems.


Development of electro-discharge machining is directly related to the development of construction technology of machine generators and their control systems. In the process of electrical discharge, the most important factor influencing on the state of the surface layer, accuracy and efficiency of the material removal and the electrode wear is the type of current and voltage waveforms (pulse shape, voltage and current amplitude, time interval) [4, 5]. During electro-discharge machining, not all pulses are effective, resulting from various types of conditions in the gap between electrodes. Accumulation of the eroded material in the gap between electrodes may lead to serial arc discharge and thereby reduce the efficiency of the material removal process. Process monitoring is therefore important for optimizing the process parameters. Recent publications [1-3, 6] point to the need for further development of both current and voltage monitoring systems to ensure proper processing stability and productivity. Work on the construction of new power supplies and circuits to achieve the best pulse characteristics, are being carried out.


Abstract Background T-cell receptor (TCR-T) therapies are based on the expression of an introduced TCR targeting a tumor associated antigen (TAA) which has been studied in several trials in cutaneous melanoma. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis aiming to assess the primary efficacy of TCR-based adoptive cell therapy in cutaneous melanoma. Methods We searched through PubMed electronic database from its inception until May 21, 2022. Primary endpoints were pooled objective response rate (ORR) and disease control rate (DCR). We conducted logistic regression analyses to identify potential predictive factors for tumor response. Results From 187 patients, 50 showed an objective response (pooled ORR 28%; 95% CI, 20%-37%) and a pooled DCR of 38% (95% CI, 27%-50%). Median PFS was 2, 9 months (95% CI, 1.4-3.1). A trend toward higher PFS was demonstrated for patients treated with cancer/testis antigens targeting TCR-T cells (HR 0.91 95% CI, 0.64-1.3, P = .61) among whom, patients treated with NYESO-1 targeting TCR-T showed a significantly higher PFS (HR 0.63 95% CI, 0.64-0.98, P = .03). In addition, the number of infused cells was associated with a significantly higher likelihood of tumor response (OR 6.61; 95% CI, 1.68-21.6; P = .007). Conclusion TCR-T therapy shows promising results in terms of antitumor activity and survival similar to those reported for TILs with a significantly higher benefit for cancer/testis antigens targeting cells. Since TCR-based therapy shows advantages of great potential over classic ACT strategies, further research in solid cancers is warranted (PROSPERO ID CRD42022328011).


In the presence of a novel chiral catalyst system consisting of tin(II) triflate, a chiral diamine, and tin(II) oxide, highly enantioselective aldol reactions of the silyl enol ether of S-ethyl ethanethioate or S-ethyl propanethioate with aldehydes proceeded smoothly to afford the aldol adducts in high yields.


: This paper summarises some of the development of the understanding and management of outbursts in Australia, reviews the current situation and provides some thoughts on necessary research and development. It cannot be and is not comprehensive. Outbursts are better understood, prevented or controlled than they were 20 years ago. This is partly a result of the considerable amount of research into and documentation of outbursts and gas by a relatively small group of outburst pioneers supported by the coal industry. The result has been fewer outbursts in general, and the safe mining through a few potential outburst zones without risk to personnel. It is not time to rest on our laurels. Outburst and gas investigation needs to be continued, supported by industry, so that all outburst related phenomena and advances in gas management can be documented and communicated to all players. His early gas investigations lead Hargraves (1965) to develop his gas emission meter to measure an index of gassiness. This was a relatively simple device which had a container for sized coal cuttings taken from a standard length (2 m) hole in the face. The gas emitted by the cuttings pushed a slug of mercury or glycol along a clear plastic tube. The amount of gas emitted during a standard time (6 minutes) was recorded as the gassiness index. The index was used successfully at Metropolitan Colliery to identify when an outburst was imminent. The meter was also used at Collinsville (Biggam and Robinson, 1980) and Leichhardt (Moore and Hanes, 1980) Collieries. At Leichhardt Colliery, the emission meter showed a positive change from very low index numbers with benign coal to very high (1.8 cc/g) numbers with outburst prone coal (Wood and Hanes, 1982). The meter required dry coal for accuracy and outburst prone coal at Leichhardt Colliery was typically wet. The use of the emission meter was frowned upon at the time because it required a delay to mining while a hole was drilled in the face and the index recorded, and the procedure was prone to abuse. However, this author has no doubts that the emission meter, when intelligently used can provide useful information about outburst proneness for little effort and expense. gas Australia. coal core samples gas into measuring A initial back projection the amount of gas time the from any the sampling the time commenced. In some cases, after completion desorption, the coal and the residual gas volume measured. Different coals displayed different desorption characteristics, e.g. could take 2 months desorb a core sample of Bulli whereas the Gemini seam totally desorbed a or two. gas in


with the announcement that the MoD has signed up to a Phase 2 HFI DTC Business Plan prepared by the Research Acquisition Organisation (RAO) and based on a recent proposal compiled by the DTC's Technical and Management Teams. The plan enables the Centre to continue its research and development activities for another 3 years. Obviously, this is excellent news for our academic and commercial consortium partners, as it means we can keep the dedicated HFI teams we assembled at the beginning of the project intact. However, just as important if not more important is the fact that, after just 3 years of intensive research and development, delivering novel solutions, engaging with stakeholders and working with end users at all levels within the defence community, we have started to make a real difference in raising awareness and eradicating the historical barriers to the adoption of HFI. The DTC Consortium has delivered a variety of tools and techniques that have met with highly positive feedback, not just nationally, but on a wider international stage deliverables that are applicable not just to the defence arena, but also to civilian fields of endeavour as well.


Abstract The article describes the differences in peculiarities of somatotype and body weight component composition in patients with acne, the study population being boys and girls of the Podillya region of Ukraine. In the study subjects, regardless of sex, body muscle mass, bone mass and the mesomorphic somatotype component of those with acne were significantly greater, while fat body mass indicators and the endomorphic somatotype component was smaller – in comparison to that of non-afflicted subjects of similar gender. Regarding the ectomorphic component of somatotype, between the surveyed groups of those with and without acne, whether male or female, no significant differences were revealed. For all indicators, whether the somatotype components or the component composition of body weight, between groups of boys or girls with different degrees of severity of acne, again no significant differences were established.


Through the exploration of the in-depth cooperation between the digital media art major and related professional companies in personnel training, the paper analyzes the core competence of the digital media major under the needs of the industry, explores new professional characteristics with the teaching team of the industry, enterprises and colleges, and creates the unique advantages of the major, so as to promote the students to become the professional talents of the information age Art as one of the design pioneer, enhance the ability of professional and market integration. Enhance the market competitiveness of students. In addition to being systematic, the curriculum system under the perspective of industry education integration also needs to be dynamic, that is following the new requirements of industrial structure adjustment. Enterprises, industries and colleges should cooperate closely, and curriculum and practice teaching should also cooperate closely to achieve the effect of collaborative education.


InP-based double heterojunction bipolar transistors (DHBTs) for high speed applications are fabricated using SSMBE grown epi. In order to improve fT and fmax simultaneously, we are focused on the vertical scaling and parasitic reduction. Especially, for the low base resistance, a new self-aligned base metallization (SABM) scheme is developed. Maximum fT of 290 GHz and fmax of 296 GHz are achieved for 0.8(effective 0.5) × 6 μm devices at collector current density of 400 kA/cm and collector voltage of 1.5 V. The breakdown voltage is moderately high, BVCEO of 6.2 V. This device technology supports the promising potential of InP/InGaAs/InP DHBTs for high frequency applications.


Objective To improve the acquaintance of primary lung cancer behaving as extra-pulmonary manifestation firstly.Method Clinical data of patients with primary lung cancer manifesting symptoms of extra-pulmonary firstly and pathology were analyzed retrospectively.Results All patients(n=44) were confirmed by pathology.Extra-pulmonary manifestation were firstly observed such as chest or back pain,mass in neck,dizzy or agrypnia,hoarse voice,fever,lamb weakness,fatigue,et al.Conclusion Extra-pulmonary manifestation must be paid attention to because it is misdiagnosed more easily.


Attractions Sangiran Museum has significant potential to be developed as
a unique tourist potential, which is the only largest fossil museum in Central
Java. Some of the factors that influence the number of visits to the museum
Sangiran include travel expenses, facilities, age, time, average income per month,
the distance and the historical value of Sangiran Museum. This study aims to
determine the effect of the variable cost of a trip to the attractions, individual
income variable, the variable time, variable distance, age, variable facilities, and
historical value of the variable to the number of visits Sangiran Museum
attraction Sangiran Museum and determine the economic value Museum Sangiran
as historical attractions. Sangiran Museum chosen because of high tourism
potential but are not supported with easy access to the attractions when attraction
has the potential historical value.
The sampling method in this study using quota sampling and accidental
sampling. This study took a sample of 100 respondents are tourists who are
visiting attraction Sangiran Museum. Analysis tools used in this research is
ordinal regression logit model with the number of visits as the dependent variable
and seven other variables as independent variables. The distance variable and
age, negatively affect the number of visits attractions while the variable cost of
travel, individual income, facilities, leisure, and historical value Sangiran
Museum shows a positive influence on the number of requests attractions.
Significant variable is the variable cost of travel, income, free time, facilities, and,
the value of historical attractions. While the distance variable, and age did not
affect the number of visits were significant attraction Sangiran Museum.


TUMOURS of Iymphoid tissue can provide some of the most difficult problems in diagnosis for the surgical pathologist. The difficulty is often not only classification but the recognition of tumours from the varied responses of lymphoid tissue to various disease stimu,li. Many pathologists will, therefore, welcome a monograph, which is based on a review of 410 cases seen at the Westminster Hospital between 1940 and 1952, with a three-year follow-up of 293 and a five-year follow-up of 222 of these. The classification adopted is relatively free from the complexities of terminology applied with apparent relish by some who have written on this subject. The analysis of the careful follow-up is alone a valuable and informative record, and the clinician may find the book of value in assessing the course and prognosis in different disorders. All pathologists will learn something from this book. Some may think the author underestimates the difficulties and pitfalls of diagnosis, and that the reactive changes in lymphoid tissue, and in particular the simulation of Hodgkin's disease by lipomelanic reticulosis and other non-neoplastic conditions, are inadequately discussed. For a subject which has engaged for so long the attention of many eminent pathologists the discussion of the literature, while it cites most of the important papers, is scarcely as detailed as might be expected in a monograph on a relatively restricted subject. The author's material and his interpretation certainly merit a fairly detailed presentation. The large number of illustrations show much tedious repetition and many are of little or no value to anyone with even slight experience. Some may doubt if their presence, and the relatively brief discussion of this highly specialised subject, really justifies monographic presentation instead of a briefer discussion of the author's own data in a specialised journal. THE first edition was published in 1948, and now, with this new and 'thoroughly revised edition, this standard textbook will be more indispensable than ever to all interested in rheumatic disease. The classification followed in that of the 1936 Committee of the Royal College of Physicians and, as well as chronic arthritis, gout, non-articular rheumatism and rheumatic fever are considered. The collagen diseases are included only in discussion of other conditions. The editor, assisted by twenty-five most eminently qualified contributors, has covered every aspect of these diseases from their history, the pain mechanism and the anatomy and physiology of the joints to the psychiatric and social and …


The radical Ph/sub 2/P(O)CH/sub 2/Cl/sup -/ is observed in 3 K x-ray irradiated crystals of (chloromethyl)diphenylphosphine oxide. The x-ray irradiation was carried out in the dark. The hyperfine coupling tensors were found to be A(/sup 35/Cl) = (40.4, 17.9, 16.1, G), A/sub 1/(/sup 1/H) = (24.0, 17.2, 13.1 G), A/sub 2/(/sup 1/H) = (25.0 16.4, 9.0 G), and A(/sup 31/P) = (42.1, 33.6, 23.8 G). The g-tensor components are equal to 2.0021, 2.0040, and 2.0046. The maximium /sup 35/Cl coupling and the minimum g value are located within 5/sup 0/ of the parent C-Cl bond direcction.


Trans- and cis-4-cyclohexyl-but-3-one-2-one have been prepared. The comparison of their physical and chemical properties gave results analogous to those obtained with the trans- and cis-forms of dec-3- ene-2-one, hept-3-ene-2-one, and 4-phenyl-but-3-ene-2-one, described in two previous palpers.


The self-concepts of educable mentally impaired, learning disabled, and nonhandicapped children were assessed using the Student Self-Evaluation (SSE), Teacher Evaluation Scale (TES), and How I See Myself (HISM) test. A Groups × Age × Sex analysis of covariance, with IQ effects statistically controlled, was computed for each measure. On the SSE, the groups were significantly different, with nonhandicapped students having better self-concepts than learning disabled students, and learning disabled students having better self-concepts than educable mentally impaired students. Teacher estimates of self-concept (TES) indicated that nonhandicapped students have better self-concepts than have handicapped students. For the HISM scores, there was a Group × Sex interaction, but no significant main effects; there was no consistent pattern to the interactions. The results suggest that handicapped children, as a group, have a lower self-concept than have nonhandicapped children. Implications for educational programming and future research are offered.


The practice of psychiatry reflects on the one hand the changing fortunes of the society which it serves and on the other hand, advances in medical and related sciences. To a large extent, therefore, the present position and the future development of psychiatry in Great Britain is similar to that in other countries. At the moment it is troubled with financial difficulties which stem from an economy in recession, and beset by the problems of an ageing population. At the same time, however, clinical practice benefits from advances in knowledge brought about by research in other countries and not just those in Britain. There are, nevertheless, a number of distinctive features of contemporary British psychiatry. In part these derive from our unique system of medical care (the National Health Service), in part they reflect the particular way in which the subject has developed in the past, and in part they originate in the areas of scientific advance that have been strongest in this country. Any attempt to assess psychiatry in Britain at the present time, and still more any effort to foresee developments in the subject in the next few years, must of necessity be personal; another reviewer would almost certainly see the scene from a different viewpoint and reach different conclusions. The account which follows must be read with this point firmly in mind. It will deal first with clinical practice and then more briefly with research and training.


Method for making a filter media comprising the following steps: providing a precursor web (P) comprising 100%, by weight, polyester staple in the absence of specific fusible fibers; providing a foraminous surface, and positioning said precursor web (P) on said foraminous surface; entangling said precursor hydraulically cloth (P) to form said filter media; and heat setting said filtration means; presenting said filtration means a basis weight of no more than about 40, 6 mg / cm2 (12 oz / yd2), and having a breaking strength of Mullen of at least about 27, 8 Bar (395 psi), and shrinkage in the machine direction and transverse direction on the bottom 3% to about 176, 7 ° C, and having a breaking stress in the machine direction of at least


Introduction: Recently, many studies showed effects of HAL antibody to kidney transplants. However, longer behavior and impact of HLA antibody were not clear. In this study, the role of HLA antibodies in allograft rejection was examined utilizing a unique resource of sera collected annually and stored over a 23-year period from patients with rejected or retained grafts. Methods: We selected 60 transplant patients who received kidney from 1984 to 1999, and whose serum samples were available annually. During 23 years, 32 patients were rejected their grafts and 28 had functioning grafts. Their samples were tested for HLA Class I and Class II antibodies by flow cytometry, ELISA, or cytotoxicity. For analyzing specific HLA antibodies, we used Labscreen Single antigen (One Lambda). Results: HLA antibodies were found in 81% of patients who rejected grafts, compared to 50% with functioning transplants (p=0.0001). In addition, even if living-related transplants had good kidney function for a longer time, some living-related patients gradually developed HLA antibodies with stable functioning grafts.


The ultrastructure of the thyroid gland in a case of female myxedema appears to be similar to that of chronic autoimmune thyroiditis. Only a few follicles are present, and most of their cells show an oncocytic transformation. A new thyroid cellular type characterized by numerous cytoplasmic fibrils recalls the appearance of some cells described in the so called ultimobranchial follicles of the rat's thyroid.


Image compression is process to remove the redundant information from the image so that only essential information are stored the storage size, transmission bandwidth and transmission time. In this paper comparative analysis of gray scale image compression is done by three different methods that are Daubechies Transform, Haar Transform and Biorthogonal Transform. Experimental results demonstrate that the Daubechies algorithm is more efficient for PSNR and MSE while Haar Wavelet Transform provides the better compression ratio.


In developmental biology, an important problem is understanding the mechanisms underlying the formation of morphogen concentration gradients. The most commonly hypothesized mechanism involves the d...


This paper estimates the macroeconomic effects of increased spending on defense and internal security necessitated by the decade-long Maoist insurgency in Nepal. An investment equation is specified to examine the relationship between defense spending and investment. The estimation results indicate that there is a significant negative effect of defense spending on investment. A simple Harrod-Domar growth relationship is used to estimate the effect of the increase in defense spending on economic growth. This analysis suggests that between 1996 and 2006, the opportunity cost of the conflict in terms of lost output has been about 3 percent of Nepal's current GDP. Journal of International and Global Studies


This is the AmeriFlux version of the carbon flux data for the site US-Ced Cedar Bridge. Site Description - Wildfires and prescribed fires are a common occurrence in the NJ Pinelands. Prior to a 1995 nonstand replacing wildfire, the stand was last burned in the very large wildfire in 1963. Plow lines were installed for fire control in December of 2007, followed by a prescribed burns in 2008 and 2013, conducted by the New Jersey Forest Fire Service. Pine looper defoliated the stand in 1998, and Gypsy moth defoliated the understory and deciduos oaks in 2007. Pitch Pines are largely unaffected by defoliation by Gypsy moth.


Objective To study the relations between prognosis and duty,education degree and living conditions in patients with the acute cerebral infarction (ACI).Methods The cases with ACI from city or countryside were selected and divided into Group A (lower education degree or had no administrative duty) and Group B ( higher education degree or had administrative duty).Both the two groups were treated by the low molecular Dextran 500 ml and Compound Danshen injection 10ml iv drip qd×20 d,cytidine diphosphate choline (CDPC) 0.5 g iv drip qd×20 d,Aspirin Enteric-coated Tablets 0.1g po qd×20 d.20% Mannitol injection intravenous drip was used for the patients with high intracranial pressure symptoms.After the treatment,the neurological functional deficit scales and the living ability of patients,Hamilton Depression Rating Scale for Depression (HAMD) were evaluated on the 1st day and the 20th day.Results The clinical effects and the total efficacy rate (the convalescing rate + the showing results+the progress rate) in Group A was remarkably higher than that in Group B (Hc=28.71,P0.001 and t=17.70,P0.01),The HAMD mark of Group A was obviously lower than that of Group B (t=29.28,P0.01).Conclusions The ACI patients with higher duty or higher education degree and the better living conditions should have a longer duration time of post stroke depression,more slow healing and worse prognosis.


Purpose: The reasonable use of MR imaging technology can obtain the image of ligament damage,providing a kind of more direct and clear evidence for the clinic diagnosis.Method: Images can be obtained by using the head loop and adopting regularly the sections in the arrow and coronary azimuth,Results: all pathological changes in this group of cases are clearly shown.Conclusion: MR imaging check is harmless,fast in evaluation with high differentiating ration in diagnosing the texture,ligament and fat,capable of scanning from multi-angles in multi-planes,this has been used more and more in the parenchyma diagnosis.


In this paper we propose to stablish that great changes in the history of Spanish lexical system form a part of discourse structures which arose from the t...


With the tight coupling of multi-energy systems, accurate multiple-load forecasting will be the primary premise for the optimal operation of integrated energy systems. Therefore, this paper proposes a Copula correlation analysis combined with deep bidirectional long and short-term memory neural network forecasting model. First, Copula correlation analysis is used to conduct correlation analysis on multiple loads and various influencing factors. The influencing factors that have a great correlation with multiple loads were screened out as the input feature set of the model to eliminate the influence of interfering factors. Then, a deep bidirectional long and short-term memory neural network was constructed. Combined with the input feature set screened by the Copula correlation analysis method, the useful information contained in the historical data was more comprehensively learned from the forward and backward directions for training and forecasting. Through the actual calculation example analysis and comparison with other models, the forecasting accuracy of the method presented in this paper was improved to a certain extent.


Objectives: Nurses play a key role in caring and assisting in the treatment of patients with substance abuse. However, providing quality nursing care for this particular patient group is affected by many barriers and challenges. These important challenges have not been considered to be a priority in Iranian studies. Thus, this study was conducted to assess the barriers faced by Iranian nurses in providing quality care for patients with substance abuse. Materials and Methods: A qualitative study using a content analysis approach was conducted. Semistructured interviews and focus groups were held with 38 nurses, who were working in general hospitals affiliated to Babol University of Medical Sciences. Purposive sampling was used to recruit participants. Results: Three main themes emerged from the data analysis: "negative and stereotypical attitudes," feelings of unease and worry," and "insufficient knowledge and lack of preparation." Conclusions: This study highlights the need for more knowledge about patients with substance abuse among nurses, as well as promotional activities to improve the professional attitude, moral awareness, and human dignity in encounters with these patients regardless of their background. Also, there is a need for nurse administrators to enable nurses to provide better quality care for patients with substance abuse, through fostering a more resourceful and positive work atmosphere.


This paper is characterized by the innovative development and application of electronically scanning microwave radar sensors for mining operations. Based on fundamental laboratory experiments, comprehensive field-tests in open-pit and underground mines, the development of the 2D radar technology has been steadily supported by customers like OEMs and mining operations as well as academia like the IMR of RWTH Aachen. In 2010 a coal shearer loader with the indurad Dual Range Radar iDRR based radar collision avoidance solution has been awarded with the bauma innovation award, after receiving the RAG research award in 2009. Besides the main working field in continuous mining operations which are dominating in Europe, the authors are presently developing solutions as well for the large segment of discontinuous mining. For inventory control reasons and stock market publishing obligations however mines need at least periodically a high accuracy and reliable volumetric information of the ore they handle in all stages of the process and they have in stock. Both has been e.g. achieved manually by laser measurements surveying the stockpile. Besides the high personnel requirements, special measurement windows were required for the fragile and sensitive laser measurement devices to operate. For complete volumetric information measurements from several different positions with limited or risky access were required. The radar technology is a new way of solving a current industry need, currently lacking an online and real-time solution approach. Based on a unique 2D radar sensor and further radar components the authors have been developing a robust microwave based automated solution that can calculate the volume of stockpiles. Furthermore a 3D model is generated and stored on a thin-client web server, being accessible for any authorized user in the mines intranet.


We report the performance of 0.18 mum RF power MOSFETs with an Asymmetric-Lightly-Doped-Drain (LDD) design. Such devices do not have an n-type drain extension and exhibited better characteristics than conventional MOSFETs at same gate length. The devices showed a DC breakdown voltage of 6.9 V, a 0.54 W/mm power density, 115 GHz fmax, and a good adjacent channel power ratio (ACPR) linearity, as well as a 52% drain efficiency at 2.4 GHz.


Foreword Acknowledgments Introduction introduction to surface mount technology Surface mount components nd component packaging Surface mount printed circuit boards Designing for assembly soldering materials and related issues Adhesive and solder paste application methods Component placement Reflow soldering and adhesive curing Wave soldering Cleaning Rework Manufacturing operations Appendix


A five-year follow-up study of thirty-two psychotic children is presented. Questions are raised concerning the discreteness of early infantile autism, childhood schizophrenia, and chronic brain syndrome with psychosis. Differential treatment outcomes are reviewed.


fewer than fifty volumes'. Yet the overwhelming majority of his study is devoted nonetheless to the exceptions, not the norms. In sum, this is a deeply learned study of scholarly reading in an era when such was not just rare but largely irrelevant to many of the institutions that made or accumulated books. Though a masterly treatment of its subject, this is not really 'the Anglo-Saxon library' (a generally small and repetitive entity, dominated by liturgica and devotional works, many either glossed or wholly written in the vernacular) but rather 'the older Latin works in a handful of truly exceptional libraries, principally from the age of Bede'.


Kang, Hyunsook. 1997. Rule Ordering and Optimality Theory. Studies in Phonetics, Phonology and Morphology 3, 57-76. Lakoff (1993) argues that...


Corneal transplantation is the most commonly performed transplant procedure, and in comparison to solid organ allografts, corneal transplantation is successful with an overall first year survival rate as high as 90%. Nevertheless, despite this high first year survival rate, studies have demonstrated that the success rate diminishes to approximately 74% at 5 years and 62% at 10 years. This figure diminishes further to a 10-year survival rate of less than 35% in eyes considered to be high risk, for example those with ongoing ocular inflammation and corneal neovacularization. For a relatively immunologically privileged site, the long-term corneal transplant rates are only just comparable with those of the vascularized kidney. Studies have also shown that over the past 15 years, unlike the cornea, all solid organ transplants have demonstrated improvements in their survival rates. Topical corticosteroids (e.g. prednisolone acetate 1% and dexamethasone 0.1%) have been the mainstay in the treatment of acute graft rejection. However, as corticosteroid treatment is a long-term therapy used to modulate potential graft rejection, it is important that novel agents continue to be developed as adjuncts in refractory cases as well for the steroid sparing benefit. Cyclosporin A (CsA) is an immunomodulator that is effectively utilized by clinicians in solid organ transplantation such as heart, liver and kidney. It has a high specificity for T-cell lymphocytes and inhibits cell-mediated immune responses. Systemic CsA has been shown to be an efficacious treatment for Wegener's granulomatosis with associated peripheral ulcerative keratitis as well as for the treatment of Grave's orbitopathy. Although systemic CsA has demonstrated increased graft survival rates in prophylactic treatment of high-risk corneal transplantation, there have been conflicting reports for the use of topical CsA. Topical CsA has been successfully administered in the treatment of dry eye syndrome, dry eye in Sjogren's syndrome as well as in vernal conjunctivitis. Despite the recognition that there are fewer side-effects with topical CsA compared with systemic CsA, the delivery of topical cyclosporin has created a challenge. Many of the available systems utilizing oils have been disappointingly tolerated with low bioavailability. This has promoted research into designing formulations to aid the water solubility using cyclodextrins as well as devising penetration enhancers. Penetration enhancers modify corneal epithelium promoting CsA penetration into the corneal stroma and endothelium, but further investigation has demonstrated epithelial toxicity. The development of hydrosoluble CsA prodrugs as well as the use of colloidal carriers such as micelles, liposomes and emulsions has potential. The use of collagen shields impregnated with CsA has been shown to reverse graft rejection in the rabbit model, although this potentially may have administrative and tolerance issues when used in humans. It is clear that differences in drug vehicle, drug concentration and subsequent corneal penetration may explain the different outcomes observed with the use of topical CsA. The most commonly utilized concentration within the literature is CsA 1%; however, the double-masked randomized trial by Stevenson et al. demonstrated that CsA ophthalmic emulsions, 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.2% and 0.4% were safe and well tolerated for the treatment of moderate to severe dry eye. They recommended the lower concentrations in the treatment of dry eyes as no additional benefit was observed with the higher concentrations of the formulation. Restasis is a CsA (0.05%) ophthalmic emulsion indicated for the treatment of ocular inflammation associated with keratoconjunctivitis sicca. Restasis was the agent utilized in the randomized controlled trial reported in this issue by Poon et al., investigating the use of topical CsA in the treatment of acute graft rejection. The CsA was used in conjunction with topical prednisolone acetate and the group concluded that the use of commercially available CsA as an adjunct to topical steroids did not appear to improve the outcome of graft rejection. This is a useful, well-constructed trial that adds to our understanding of CsA as a treatment for acute allograft rejection. The authors mention in the discussion their hypotheses as to why topical CsA demonstrated no additional benefit to topical prednisolone – they reason that topical CsA may offer no further advantage when used in conjunction with an intensive, potent, topical corticosteroid such as prednisolone acetate 1.0% and also highlight uncertainties about appropriate CsA concentration in treating acute graft rejection. It is clear that we still have much to learn regarding the use of this novel topical agent. Further studies are required to evaluate the effect of different concentrations of topical CsA and perhaps the use of topical CsA alone in the treatment of corneal graft rejection. With greater understanding of the immunopathology of corneal graft rejection alongside the increasing armamentarium of potential topical therapies such as CsA, we may be able, in future, to tailor therapies to treatment-refractory cases.


One of the most important for Muslims is to study and read the Koran, but in the process of learning must recognize letters hijaiyah rst. Therefore, many dierent ways and developed media for learning. Media used to study the book the book, Land ll - Land ll and interactive CDs are sold in the market. However, if using an interactive CD need assistive devices such as computers, DVD player, VCD player and so on. As another option for authors, interested in utilizing mobile phone technology or what is often called the HP, ie, a cell phone based on Sym- bian version 6.0 or higher because the current development of HP technology (Mobile) has grown by leaps and bounds. Almost everyone has a mobile phone and is currently not become a luxury item anymore. Mobile today is not just a mere communication tool, but now this tool can also be used as a medium of entertainment and one of them can be utilized in education. The author makes an application letter recognition hijaiyah using Macromedia Flash 8 and Flash Lite 2.0 mobile media is intended that every person who wants to learn to recognize letters hijaiyah can use handphone as a medium of learning so that teaching meth- ods and mdia current becomes richer and varieties . With the application is expected to attract interest and help for anyone who wants to learn to recognize and read letters hijaiyah, because in this application are familiar with the letter hijaiyah menu, menu harokat fathah know, kasroh, dommah and training menu.


This experience report presents some situations involving the work of prospective teachers of courses of exact sciences with the Geogebra software. The work was developed based on a university extension course. Its aim was to introduce students to a dynamic geometry environment, and explore its potential use in Elementary and High School math classes. This paper highlights some episodes that occurred during the course, evincing investigative activities in a computational environment that were explored by participants. In particular, it reports an episode which places prospective teachers in the so-called risk zone.


Abstract Piezoelectric macro-fibre composite (MFC) actuators are employed onto the flexible leeward surface of an airfoil for active control. Time-resolved aerodynamic forces, membrane deformations and flow fields are synchronously measured at low Reynolds number (Re = 6 × 104). Mean aerodynamics show that the actively controlled airfoil can achieve lift-enhancement and drag-reduction simultaneously in the angle of attack range of 10° ≤ α ≤ 14°, where the rigid airfoil encounters stall. The maximum increments of lift and lift-to-drag ratio are 27.1 % and 126 % at the reduced actuation frequency of ${f^ + } = 3.52$. The unsteady coupling features are further analysed at α = 12°, where the maximum lift-enhancement occurs. It is newly discovered that the membrane vibrations and flow fields are locked into half of the actuation frequency when ${f^ + } > 3$. The shift of the dominant vibration mode from bending to inclining is the reason for the novel 'half-frequency lock-in' phenomenon. To the fluid–structure interaction, there are three characteristic frequencies for the actively controlled airfoil: $S{t_1} = 0.5{f^ + }$, $S{t_2} = {f^ + }$, and $S{t_3} = 1.5{f^ + }$. Here, St1 and its harmonics (St2, St3) are coupled with the natural frequencies of the leading-edge shear layer, resulting in the generation of multi-scale flow structures and suppression of flow separation. The lift presents comparable dominant frequencies between St1 and St3, which means the instantaneous lift is determined by the flow structures of St1 and St3. The local membrane bulge and dent affect the instantaneous swirl strength of flow structures near the maximum vibration amplitude location, which is the main reason for the variation of instantaneous lift.


The South-eastern Mediterranean was one of the least investigated areas until the last two decades. Also the hydrographic structure of the Nile Delta which is focal points for the trade, agriculture and fisheries has poorly studied. This book, therefore, provides significant contributions to a much needed understanding of water structure, masses, fluxes, balances and circulation. It investigates the changes in characteristics of the Atlantic Waters as they move eastwards along the Egyptian coast in the South-eastern Mediterranean for the last 50 years (1959-2008). The Book also examined changes that occurred in the characteristics of the water masses off the Egyptian coast as a result of damming the Nile River in 1965. It should be especially useful to professionals in Oceanography and Marine Meteorology fields, Universities, Marine Research Centers and anyone else who interested in marine environment.


Preface Remanufactured Goods: An Overview of the U.S. & Global Industries, Markets, and Trade Comments to Federal Trade Commission, Re: Request for Public Comments, Used Auto Parts Guide Review Use of Remanufactured Parts in the Federal Vehicle Fleet is Based on a Variety of Factors Index.


The growth in demand for air transportation services is steadily ahead of the capacity of carriers. The most advanced aviation empires set a goal to triple the capacity of the current air traffic management system by the mid-twenties. The technical basis for such achievements is equipping all aircraft with automatic dependent surveillance broadcast systems, which provides both control over the parameters of their movement anywhere in the world, and reliable mutual exchange of verified information on the air picture and forecasts of its development between all pilots and ground services. The concepts of collaborative decision-making on air traffic flows management and System Wide Information Management, suggested by ICAO experts, have proclaimed the idea of the flight information availability as a means of increasing the intensity of flights, not only for considering, but also for making changes in it by all the participants of the process of organizing and servicing the flows – analysts, meteorologists, planners, air traffic controllers, pilots (in the part relating to their area). The technology of specialists' cooperation is proposed. It allows to make sensible decisions on servicing aircraft flows for the whole depth of their flights (both on routes and along free trajectories) when changing the conditions for performing flights. The task is to develop software procedures for computer support of new concepts that ensure the integrity of aeronautical data used by all the participants in the operational organization of flows. All the interconnected elements of air traffic management (personnel and equipment) may distort the system public information with the known probability of cooperation outcomes. The article proposes a three-level algorithm for neutralizing data mismatch in the elements of a distributed network of process participants ground and on-board computing facilities, allowing in the actual time to maintain consistency of information about the current air situation and its development prospects. An optimal strategy for the algorithm application has been constructed (by the criterion of computational resource expenses).


Introduction. In recent years in the sphere of medical services a growth of the importance of quality in health care has been observed. The increased awareness of patients and striving for receiving services at the highest level possible involve an increase of expectations towards organisations. Therefore, more and more frequently quality management systems in health care entities are implemented, patients' satisfaction research is conducted and medical services are constantly improved. The functioning of medical entities orientated towards quality is closely connected not only with possessing certifi cates and employing medical professionals, but also with the conditions in which the medical services are provided and with fi tting out medical facilities with modern medical equipment and apparatus. Aim. The aim of the present study is to show a relationship between hospital architecture and satisfaction experienced by the patients who are the benefi ciaries in them. Material and methods. The study was carried out based on the standardised PASAT questionnaire. The detailed aim of the study conducted was the comparative analysis of the level of satisfaction of the patients hospitalised in certifi ed facilities and those without the quality certifi cate. The level of satisfaction with reference to the material dimension of the service, which means the factors connected with hospital architecture, was examined. Results and conclusions. The results of the study show a direct relationship between coming up to patients' expectations in the dimension of the technical infrastructure of the service by certifi ed hospitals and the level of satisfaction with medical services.