Ge epilayers on low temperature (LT) Ge buffer layers were grown by ultrahigh vacuum chemical vapor deposition using the two-step approach. Effects of the growth temperature and the thickness of the low temperature Ge buffers were studied. It was demonstrated that it was unable to obtain flat LT Ge buffers just through lowering the growth temperature due to the ultraslow grow rate that 3D islands formation couldnt be prohibited. However, the rough LT Ge surface was smoothed by subsequent growth at elevated temperature if the LT Ge layer was thick enough and the compressive strain was relaxed largely, and the detrimental Si-Ge intermixing was effectively prohibited as well. When using proper growth conditions for the low temperature Ge buffer, thick Ge epilayer with a low threading dislocation density and a smooth surface was obtained.


women, suggesting a growing vulnerability to social conditions that lead to homicide. Concerning mental illness, 53% of foreign accused did not have a mental illness, mirroring previous findings (Table 1). However, fewer foreigners appear to have had psychotic disorders. Of note is the growth in substance-related diagnoses, which rose 9% in foreign accused, and 15% in local accused. The links made by the media among homicide, mental illness, and migration appear unsupported in Singapore. While the estimated yearly rate of homicide has increased since the previous study, we have observed lower rates of mental illness, especially psychosis, among the foreign accused. Only one of the 72 foreign accused offenders met criteria for a psychosis-related diagnosis at the material time. While migrant populations now account for a larger portion of Singapore's population, their representation among accused homicide offenders has not grown. There is, however, a growing treatment gap in accused homicide offenders, with more meeting criteria for mental illness, but fewer having had previous contact with services, compared to previous estimates. This may point to a need for the implementation of mental health screening. Our findings have several implications for policy, especially if the observed over-representation of women is replicated in the future and if the rate of substance-use-related diagnoses continues to rise. The unexpected increase in the representation of women likely signals a need for more correctional services for women, as well as greater political sensitivity to the challenges faced by this segment of the population. Further research is needed to shed light on the reason for the increased representation of female foreign accused homicide offenders.


Before and after the fandom, the pattern of education has difficulty in accepting the requirements of the MZ generation with very intense changes. Individual differences between students and different educational environments have more difficulties with the addition of practical subjects than general students. In this study of the purpose, after coronavirus disease‐19 (COVID‐19), the change in demand was described for the factors that influence the motivation necessary in current beauty education for diversity in education methods of MZ generation.


The place of Sharia law in European political societies varies. It is incorrect to believe that we can simply turn a blind eye to religious laws or to treat them as irrelevant. They are very relevant for a growing number of people, and secular states want to be able to monitor the way in which religious norms affect the lives of people. The fundamental point is that the practice of religious norms has to be compatible with the general framework of law set by ordinary norms.This paper is divided in two parts: the first part analyzes the asymmetry between secular law and shari'a law and illustrates the fact that they are necessarily imbricated in a more or less explicit way. The second part focuses on the official recognition of Sharia law in European legal systems. I discuss several options on a spectrum that ranges from separation to accommodation to engagement to end up with disengagement between secular and religious laws. The conclusion suggests the most desirable ways of engagement between secular and shari'a law and delineates the place of shari'a law in Europe.


Hard and transparent diamond-like carbon (DLC) films have been prepared on low temperature substrates by using the C2H2-Ar plasma immersion ion processing (PIIP) method. The optical properties of the DLC films deposited on poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA), silicon wafers, and glass plates were systematically examined. It was found that careful control of substrate bias was needed for favorable growth of DLC films with low atomic hydrogen contents, high hardness and mass densities, and excellent optical properties. The resultant DLC films exhibited a high hardness of above 22 GPa, an optical gap energy larger than 1.9 eV, a low refractive index of 1.87, and very high optical transmittance in the visible light range. The study confirmed that C2H2-Ar PIIP with low negative bias voltages and suitable C2H2/Ar gas ratios can process optically transparent and hard protective DLC films on PMMA plastics.


The article discusses the results of sociological monitoring of public opinion on the use of nuclear energy in Belarus. The main part presents an analysis of the data obtained from the results of a sociological study conducted by the Institute of Sociology of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus in 2022 on the assignment "Conduct sociological monitoring of public opinion of the population of the Republic of Belarus in order to form a positive attitude towards nuclear energy" of event 8 "Information and analytical support for the development of nuclear Energy in the Republic of Belarus" of subprogram 3 "Scientific support for the efficient and safe operation of the Belarusian nuclear power plant and promising areas for the development of nuclear energy" of the State Program "Science-intensive technologies and equipment" for 2021– 2025. The time intervals within which important events had a direct or indirect impact on public opinion about nuclear energy are characterized. A sociological method of calculation has been developed that makes it possible to trace the vector of public opinion's response to nuclear energy (increase or decrease in the level of loyalty) to various internal or external factors. An assessment of the elasticity of public opinion about nuclear power is carried out with the construction of a typology of this elasticity. Also, self-assessments of the respondents' formation and stability of their position regarding the implementation of the project "Belarusian NPP" were revealed. The need for systematic information and explanatory work among the population on all the main aspects of the practical use of nuclear energy is shown.


In order to image highly reflecting (metallic) surfaces in a water-oil-emulsion under high pressure by means of ultrasound, broadband transducers with a wide opening angle (point-sources, spherical waves) are needed, which are not commercially available. Thus, efforts were made to develop and produce such ultrasonic transducers with a potential resistance against high static pressure of up to 400 bar. Most promising for this problem are piezoceramic hemispheres. Such elements generate spherical waves on either side. We decided to use the convex side of the hemisphere as the emitting ultrasonic aperture. Our transducer designs incorporate backing material and a twolayer matching to water. Different materials were investigated regarding their suitability as transducer backing media and regarding their compatibility with the designated ambient conditions. On the aperture side, two matching layers were designed consisting of metal and perspex (plexiglas). We present different realizations of ultrasonic transducers with 1...2 MHz center frequencies and optimized backing and matching materials. Recipes for easy transducer modeling will be provided. The presented transducers are mainly characterized by 6dBbandwidths of more than 50 % and opening angles of more than 120°. KeywordsNDE, Transducers


The production procedure of 99mTc generator on the basis of the fission product 99Mo is developed. The generator columm contains chromatographic alumina on which, under the given set of conditions, 99Mo is adsorbed. The 99mTc, formed at the radioactive decay of the 99Mo, is eluted with the sterile and pyrogen-free saline solution which is passed through the column due to the vacuum in the collecting vial. The procedure enables the production of generators of the activities ranging from 3.7 to 11.1 G Bq. Almost all 99mTc activity can be obtained in 10 ml of eluence. Technctium in the form of radionuclidic, radiochemical and chemical pure 99mTc pertechnetate is obtained in sterile and pyrogen-free solution. The eluate does not contain oxidizing agents and is suitable for a direct administration.


This paper is a reflection of the evolution of a user experience (UX) consultancy's transformation into a brand experience consultancy in an increasingly competitive market in China. As part of this transformation, the value of design has shifted from tactical to strategic. The authors compare and contrast the nature of experience design and experience strategy and how they are delivered to close the gap between designers and strategists. While this paper serves as a case study of one consultancy in China, the lessons, knowledge, and understanding gained are applicable to the user experience industry and global design community at large.


In this work, a magnetic polymer electrolyte composed by agarose as polymer matrix, NMP as solvent and NiO/TiO2 mixed nanoparticles as modifier was investigated and employed in the solid-sate dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The influence of NiO/TiO2 mixed nanoparticles on the morphology and ionic conductivity of the polymer electrolyte was studied by SEM and electrochemical impedance spectra. From SEM analysis, the mixing of NiO with TiO2 nanoparticle in polymer electrolyte leads to smooth surface of the polymer electrolyte films. The polymer electrolyte modified by mixed nanoparticles with NiO: TiO2 ratio of 1:4 shows the maximum ionic conductivity of 6.64×10-3 S·cm-1. From photovoltaic performance study, the increase of NiO: TiO2 ratio in polymer electrolyte leads to an improvement in light-to-electric conversion efficiency. The optimal photoelectric efficiency is achieved at NiO: TiO2 ratio of 1: 4. Besides, after treatment under an external magnetic field, the DSSC modified with NiO: TiO2 ratio of 1: 4 exhibits a better photovoltaic performance than that of DSSC without magnetic field treatment.


Detailed studies of the composition of the organic content of two shale cores from Cottageville, West Virginia, are reported. Analyses were performed on core samples selected at five foot intervals from a 287 ft section of core from the L.A. Bailer Well No. 11940; and a 470 ft section of core from the W.L. Pinnell Well No. 12041. The two wells are located approximately 5 miles apart. The core samples were analyzed for total organic material, organic and mineral carbon, and solvent extractable organics. Infrared spectroscopy and thermal chromatography were used to determine the gross organic composition of extracted and pyrolysis products. Isolation of the bitumen and kergen was accomplished by solvent extraction and chemical separation. Variations in the total organic content, benzene-soluble organic, and pyrolysis product composition are presented for both cores. The organic content and composition of these two cores are also compared with Perry County, Kentucky, well results reported in TPR 77/3. The organic carbon content for the cores from Cottageville, WV, shows an average of 1.48% for No. 12041 and 2.47% for No. 11940. In both cores these values are much less than the organic content of the core No. 7239 from Perry County, Kentucky, whichmore » averaged 3.95%. Stratigraphic variations observed in the organic content were similar in the upper two-thirds of the two Cottageville cores. The amount of solvent extractable organics in both of the Cottageville cores is less than that observed for the core from Perry County, but does vary with the amount of organic material in the samples studied. The extraction ratios, however, vary in a similar manner to that observed for the Perry County, Kentucky core. The extractable organics are primarily aliphatic in composition. No apparent relationship between the pyrolysis product composition and organic carbon content was observed.« less


Chapter 1 Abuse & Neglect Chapter 2 Aggression and Acting-Out Chapter 3 Attachment Difficulties Chapter 4 Autism Chapter 5 Burn Victims Chapter 6 Chronic Illness Chapter 7 Deaf and Physically Challenged Children Chapter 8 Dissociation and Schizophrenia Chapter 9 Emotionally Disturbed Children Chapter 10 Enuresis and Encopresis Problems Chapter 11 Fear and Anxiety Chapter 12 Grief Chapter 13 Hospitalization Chapter 14 Learning-Disabled Children Chapter 15 Mentally Challenged (Handicapped) Chapter 16 Reading Difficulties Chapter 17 Selective Mutism Chapter 18 Self-Concept and Self-Esteem Chapter 19 Social Adjustment Problems Chapter 20 Speech Difficulties Chapter 21 Traumatization Chapter 22 Withdrawn Children


In order to realize eco societies, we have to reduce the total electrical power consumption in information systems. We classify network applications into transaction and communication based applications. CPU resources of servers are mainly consumed in the transaction based ones. In this paper, we consider communication based applications where a server transmits a large volume of data to a client like file transfer protocol (FTP). We discuss a power consumption model for communication-based applications. In the model, the total power consumption of a server depends on the total transmission rate and number of clients where the server concurrently transmits files. A client has to select a server in a set of possible servers, each of which holds a file, so that the power consumption of the server is reduced. We newly discuss a pair of PCB (power consumption-based) and TRB (transmission rate-based) algorithms to select a server. In the evaluation, we show the total power consumption can be reduced by the PCB and TRB algorithms compared with the traditional round-robin (RR) algorithm and PCB is more practical than TRB.


Silicosis Caused by Rice Husk Ashes: Shuchun Liu, et al. School of Public Health, Harbin Medical Univeraity—The processing of rough rice (paddy) can produce rice husk which is about 20% of paddy. Rice husk is utilized as an energy resource in many countries. Rice husk ash is used to a great extent as an industrial raw material in the ceramic and metallurgical industries. A number of workers are exposed to rice husk ash dust. Whether rice husk ashes can cause pneumoconiosis and other adverse effects is still a problem awaiting solution. In this connection, we performed epidemiological, experimental and aetiological studies. Rice husk ash dust can cause silicosis characterized by diffuse interstitial fibrosis and nodules. The free silica content increased as the treatment temperature for rice husk rose, and so did cristobalite and tridymite content. When rice husk was treated at 1,300°C, free silica content amounted to 93.8%, of which cristobalite was 38.0% and tridymite 6.1%. These products are the main agents in the development of diffuse pulmonary fibrosis and silicotic nodules.


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This chapter comprises three sections. First, to orientate the reader towards the mental side of the functioning of teams, we present a psychological model of scrum performance. We then talk about the notion of team - specifically scrum - psychology and the various factors that contribute to the collective scrum function. Finally, we provide some advice on coaching players within the forward unit ad how their personal preparation and performance can be maximized or enhanced at scrum time.


Electric-field acceleration factor β is the slope of the<tex>\log (t_{BD})</tex>versus E<inf>ox</inf>curve, where t<inf>BD</inf>is the time to breakdown at oxide field E<inf>ox</inf>. We report that β is not a constant but proportional to<tex>E\min{ox}\max{-2}</tex>. This is the main cause of the wide divergence of β values reported in the literature. The reported oxide thickness dependence of β is believed to be a result of the higher electron trap densities in thicker oxides. Oxide lifetime extrapolation using<tex>\log (t_{BD})</tex>, or better,<tex>\log (Q_{BD})</tex>against<tex>1/E_{ox}</tex>plots is more accurate and has a theoretical basis. Highly accelerated oxide testing appears to be feasible especially for very thin oxides.


The article by Bissonnette, Ickes, Bernstein, and Knowles (1990) presented in this issue contains a series of simulations which vary widely in the degree to which they resemble the parameters that have been found in actual data. Their conclusions feature warnings based on simulations containing large confounds between trait extremity and item variance. In real data, however, the corresponding confounds typically have been small. When Bissonnette et al. used appropriately small confounds in their simulations, their results showed that median split techniques failed to inflate Type I error rates. The constructive implications of Bissonnette et al.'s simulations indicate that moderator-variable researchers should always perform a simple check for range restriction and for variance-extremity confounds, and that there is no danger of spurious conclusions as long as these checks conform to what has typically been found with real data.


Use of a neurotoxin in the preparation of a pharmaceutical composition for treating neuronally-mediated urologic and related disorders, for example, urinary retention, is disclosed.


The dosimetry with CdS crystal shows considerable advantages in, radiumtherapy, owing to the small size of the crystal as well as to its remarkable sensitivity to radiations, comparatively to the size. The crystal, which is insulating under resting conditions, becomes a conductor material when excited by radiations, the intensity of current being proportional to the intensity of radiations. Erroneous data may be obtained when the crystal is hit by low energy radiations; to avoid this, the crystal is shielded with a gold sheath wich rejects radiations below 100 KeV.These dosimeters allow with relative ease the determination of isodose lines. Basing also on Verhagen's experience, the dose distribution at the periphery of the tumours is considered both in relation to the amount and time of administration.As far as uterine tumours are concerned, it is important to determine accurately a given line of isodose in the depth, representing the distance from the radioactive preparation at which the tumour destructi...


Due to a great amount of unknown goaf and underground mining,large-scale collapse occurred in Maoping Lead Zinc Mine,which endangered the production safety seriously.Measures such as grouting reinforcement,closing filling,were taken to comprehensively control the collapsed goaf in two years,and reliable effect was obtained. Moreover,downward drift cutand-filling stoping method was chosen for deep mining through scientific verification. In practice,74800 tons ore were produced with ore loss rate of 3% and dilution rate of 6%,and the profit was increased by 102 million RMB.


The present experiment was conducted at the Germplasm Centre (GPC) of the Fruit Tree Improvement Program (FTIP), Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, during the period from June to October, 2013 to investigate the effects of scion scion defoliation and stock leaf retention on the success, survivability and growth of grafts in Lime (cv.BAU lime-1).The experiment consisted of two factors such as Factor A: four scion defoliation periods viz., defoliation 9 days before grafting, defoliation 6 days before grafting, defoliation 3 days before grafting and defoliation on the day of grafting


Tibetan Sibu yak liver,heart,lungs and kidneys were taken as the test materials,and Qinghai yak was taken as the control,the edible quality,nutrient characteristics and biological activity of the yak were studied.The results showed that,the liver and heart color of Tibetan Sibu yak were normal dark,pH1 values of the liver and heart were 5.68 and 5.14,,respectively,which were both within the regulation range.The shear force of the liver and heart were 1.02 kgf and 1.48 kgf,respectively,which were both higher than that of control.The cooked rates of the liver and heart were 77.59% and 79.37%,respectively,which were both lower than that of control.The moisture contents,protein contents,fat contents and ash contents of the liver and heart were 69.89g/100 g and 76.20g/100 g,20.89g/100 g and 17.31g/100 g,3.00g/100 g and 3.62g/100 g,1.67g/100 g and 1.29g/100 g,respectively.Compared with control,Tibetan Sibu yak had higher protein content and abundant minerals.The biological active substances of Tibetan Sibu yak were also higher,the carnitine and taurine contents of the liver and heart were 29.28 mg/kg and13.20mg/kg,4.52mg/g and 1.28mg/g,respectively.Meanwhile,the liver also contained 0.4mg/g glutathione,the kidneys also contained 0.26mg/g glutathione,the heparin in lung and heart were 100.54mg/kg and 41.04mg/kg,respectively.Compared with control,L-carnitine and glutathione were both higher,taurine and heparin sodium contents were both lower.The results indicated that the organs of Tibetan Sibu yak could be made full use,since they had high value in use.


Self‐management of a disease is considered one of the most important factors affecting the treatment outcome. The research on the correlates of self‐management in multiple sclerosis (MS) is limited. The aim of this study was to determine if personal factors, such as illness perception, treatment beliefs, self‐esteem and self‐efficacy, are correlates of self‐management in MS.


Prevention of postoperative recurrence is a critical goal in Crohn's disease (CD) management.
 Currently, postsurgical CD management and treatment are based on endoscopic monitoring performed within the first year after surgery. However, colonoscopy (CS) is an invasive and expensive procedure, unpleasant to patients. A non-invasive and patient friendly approach is required.

 Consecutive CD patients who underwent ileo-cecal resection from July 2017 to January 2020 were prospectively enrolled in three Italian Centers and performed CS and bowel ultrasound (US) after six months from the surgery, in a blinded fashion. The patients also underwent complete clinical assessment and blood and stool samples were obtained for C-reactive protein (CRP), and fecal calprotectin (FC) measurements. The disease was considered clinically active if the Harvey–Bradshaw Index (HBI) was higher than 4. Uni- and multivariable analyses were used to assess the correlation between non-invasive parameters, including bowel US findings and FC values and endoscopic recurrence, defined by a Rutgeerts's score (RS) > 2. Sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, PPV and NPV of bowel US parameters alone and in combination with FC in assessing endoscopic recurrence were calculated.

 Seventy patients were enrolled, 45 patients (64%) had an endoscopic recurrence (RS > 2) at 6 months. Thirteen out of 45 (29%) were symptomatic (HBI > 4). Bowel wall thickness (BWT), bowel wall flow (BWF, presence of vascular signals at color Doppler), the presence of mesenteric hypertrophy, the presence of limph-nodes and FC values significantly correlated with the endoscopic recurrence (p < 0.005). Independent predictors for endoscopic recurrence were BWT (for 1-mm increase: OR 2.63; 95% CI 1.136.12; p= 0.024), presence of lymph-nodes (OR 23.24; 95% CI 1.85291.15; p= 0.014) and FC > 50 µg/g (OR 11.86; 95% CI 2.60–54.09; p= 0.001). Sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, PPV and NPV of bowel US and/or FC are showed in Table 1.
 Table 1: Diagnostic accuracy of Bowel US and/or FC compared to CS in assessing endoscopic activity (CI 95%): per-patient analysis

 Combined use of bowel US and FC is accurate in assessing endoscopic recurrence at 6 months in CD patients and represent a valid alternative to endoscopic assessment after surgery


In this study, a poly(azomethine) compound (SBP) containing sulfur and oxygen bridge was obtained from 4,4'-[thiobis(4,1-phenyleneoxy)]dibenzaldehyde (DBA) and 4,4'diamino-2,2'-biphenyl sulfonic acid from condensation reaction. Structural, optical, electrochemical and morphological analyzes of the obtained polymeric material were performed. Structural characterizations were performed from 1H-NMR and FT-IR spectra. Optical properties were determined in the UV-Vis spectrum and the optical band gap was calculated as 3.63 eV. Electrochemical properties were investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and HOMO-LUMO and electrochemical band gap values were calculated. In addition, with the help of Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC), the number average molecular mass was found to be 5050 Da. By thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), it was found that the thermal decomposition of SBP occurred in four steps and the maximum mass loss was 391 °C. The surface analysis of the obtained polymeric material was investigated with scanning electron microscope (SEM) and it was determined that the surface was rough.


Solutions of 0.012% hydrazine sulfate, 0.001% 1,2-dirnethylhydrazine dihydrochloride, and 0.5% isonicotinic acid were given continuously in the drinking water of 9-, 7-, and 5-week-old randomly bred Syrian golden hamsters for the remainder of their lifetime. The consumption of hydrazine sulfate and isonicotinic acid was without any significant carcinogenic action, while 1,2-dimethylhydrazine dihydro chloride induced angiosarcomas of the blood vessels with incidences of 89% in females and 82% in males. In addition, it produced an appreciable number of tumors in the cecum and liver. ' These findings clearly show that the carcinogenic effect of


In southern Patagonia, the Beagle Channel shows very low production during winter but simultaneously sustains very dense aggregations of the pelagic stage of squat lobster (Munida gregaria), a benthic decapod whose pelagic juveniles have the largest body size within the chitinous pelagic community. To assess the coexistence of the mesozooplankton community and the pelagic M. gregaria stage under the harsh feeding winter conditions, we conducted a research cruise at two locations connected to the Beagle Channel, Yendegaia Bay (land terminating-glacier) and Pia Fjord (marine-terminating glacier). Our results showed that the zooplankton communities were similar in these two fjords, that a single pelagic group dominated in terms of biomass (pelagic Munida gregaria), and that differences in vertical distribution existed between most of the principal crustacean zooplankton and pelagic M. gregaria. All groups showed consumption of terrestrially derived organic matter, as revealed by their δ13C values. However, the isotopic composition, trophic positions (TP), and isotopic niche areas of the groups separated pelagic M. gregaria, presenting some of the lowest δ15N and the highest δ13C values, and the narrowest isotopic niche width. Pelagic M. gregaria was dominated by a single body size class along the 0–100 m water column, with no diel changes in vertical distribution, remained mostly in the upper layers (0–50 m), and benefited from the slightly higher phytoplankton concentrations at shallower depths as revealed by their higher δ13C values and low trophic position. In contrast, the other groups, including zoea M. gregaria stages, developed changes in distribution between day and night or remained deeper in the water column. These groups showed higher δ15N values, higher TP, and lower δ13C values, most of which probably fed on a nanoheterotrophs and terrestrial particulate organic matter mixture at deeper layers. Thus, the different vertical distributions, different trophic level food sources, and slightly different organic carbon sources apparently reduced any potential competence for food resources and form part of the feeding strategy that may facilitate the coexistence of the different large pelagic crustaceans under harsh feeding winter conditions in this high latitude austral region.


Reliable transient performance is crucial in handling an aircraft gas turbine engine from one steady state to another. The assessment of transient performance stability is normally done during the detailed design stage when component design details become available. Consequently, design iterations may be necessary and costly if engine transient handling and stability are not satisfactory. To make engine design more cost and time effective, it has become important to assess the transient performance stability at conceptual and preliminary design stage with the inclusion of key impact factors such as fuel control schedule, rotor dynamics and heat soakage. However, due to lack of detailed engine structural and geometrical information at the initial design stage, such transient performance simulation and assessment may have to ignore heat soakage effect.
 In this paper, a novel generically simplified heat soakage model for three major gas path components of gas turbine engines including compressors, turbines and combustors has been introduced to support more realistic transient performance simulation of gas turbine engines at conceptual and preliminary design stage. Such heat soakage model only requires thermodynamic design parameters as input, which is normally available during such design stages. The model has been implemented into in-house transient performance simulation software and applied to a model twin-spool turbojet engine to test its effectiveness. A comparison between transient performance simulated with and without the heat soakage effects demonstrate that the results are promising.
 Although the introduced heat soakage model is less accurate than that using detailed component geometrical information, it is able to include the major heat soakage effect in transient performance simulation and provide engine transient stability analysis to support conceptual and preliminary engine designs.


The invention provides a method for calculating transient state short circuit currents of a doubly-fed induction generator set. The method comprises the steps that a transient state mathematical module of the doubly-fed induction generator set is established under a network voltage depth drop fault, and a transient state equivalent circuit of the doubly-fed induction generator set is established according to the transient state electrical relation in the mathematical module; the flux linkage relation of the transient state equivalent circuit of the doubly-fed induction generator set is analyzed, and first stator transient state currents generated when generator terminal voltages of the doubly-fed induction generator set drop are obtained; the transient state equivalent circuit of the doubly-fed induction generator set is corrected according to a crowbar circuit input mechanism, and second stator transient state currents generated when the generator terminal voltages of the double-fed induction generator set drop under the condition that crowbar circuits are input are obtained after correcting. The transient state short circuit currents of the doubly-fed induction generator set are obtained according to the second stator transient state currents.


The compiler is the key of the prototyping framework for the new memory system. These compiler-centric prototyping tools have several components, including compiler, linker, assembler, and standard libraries. It takes a lot of cost and man power to develop it all at zero base. Therefore, developer usually use a development framework to develop these prototyping tools efficiently. These development frameworks should be free of licensing issues when considering the commercialization of development results. Thus, developer should investigate the development framework, which is free from licensing issues and that provides all of the development environment to enable actual execution. There are three representative compiler-centric development frameworks: GCC, Clang (LLVM), and MS visual studio. There are some differences depending on the release version among them. And, there are some limitations to the freeware and commercial use. We chose LLVM here to explain the development of prototyping tools. This information will help accelerate the development of prototyping tools and will help reduce system development costs.


Background: Medical education is inherently demanding and stressful. Stress is an external constraint which upsets an individual both mentally and physically. The postgraduate students suffer from higher stress that definitely affects the mental wellbeing of these students. Stressors faced by post graduate students include time pressure to meet deadlines, large amount of content to be learnt, work overload, unfair assessment by superior, fears of making mistakes that can lead to serious consequences, work demands affecting personal and home life. Objectives of the study were to assess the perception of stress amongst post graduate medical students and to assess various coping strategies employed by them.Methods: Predesigned, pretested, validated, self-administered, structured questionnaires were used for data collection over a period of two months. The Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) was used for measuring the perception of stress. Brief COPE inventory was used to assess the various coping strategies medical students use to deal with the stresses in their life.Results: One fourths of the study subjects (25%) were under high stress while 68.3% of the students were under moderate stress. Use of emotional support, self-distraction and venting were the common coping strategies employed.Conclusions: The prevalence of perceived stress seems to be high among post graduate medical students. Review of academics and exam schedules, more leisure time activities, advisory services and peer counseling at the campus could do a lot to reduce the stress.


A placement improved furnace conventional Dekoku emissions without a defect of design makes it possible to inject into the combustion chamber. A furnace and a method for cracking a hydrocarbon. Furnace is a radiant combustion chamber, the radiant combustion chamber, radiant combustion chamber having a hearth having a centerline; for injecting upward Dekoku effluent in said radiant combustion chamber, the centerline along or Dekoku effluent injection nozzles fitted in close proximity to it; a plurality of burners arranged to form a second row of the first column and the burner of the burner, the burner respectively column a plurality of burners placed on opposite sides to each other with respect Dekoku effluent injection nozzles of said plurality of; a first surface of the radiant tube coils, the first row and the center line of the furnace floor burners spaced a distance larger than the distance between the first surface of the radiant tube coils provided on the same side as the first row of the burner with respect to the centerline; a second side of and radiant tube coils a second row of burners and furnace floor of the Spaced a distance larger than the distance between the core wire, the second surface of the radiant tube coils provided on the same side as the second row of the burner with respect to said center line; including. .FIELD 1


Abstract : This report documents progress in an investigation of the fusion of parallel data streams composed of dissimilar data types of varying reliability, arriving at different times. The technique will serve to determine resemblance between objects, in this case, people, which can be described by a stream of data expressed as state vectors. Objects described by similar state vectors will group together. The data fusion methodology is based on the use of multidimensional scaling to evaluate data composed of attribute vectors of high-spatial dimensionality. A focus problem has been used for development of the technique, identification of high-value individuals (HVIs). The technique applies to other problems as well; the identification of HVIs is only one topical application. Data available to field operators and analysts includes traditional identification information,biometric identity files, situational and observational data, archival data, and intelligence information. These data may be used to classify individuals in terms of resemblance to key groups and cue an analyst to whether they are HVIs. A proof of concept of the methodology has been conducted with promising results.


: A standard procedure for determining water-steam properties has been established through an international collaboration in addition to a domestic effort. The current accepted international standard for industrial application is based on the IAPWS-IF97 (International Association for the Properties of Water and Steam-Industrial Formation 97). Based on this standard, the ASME (American Society of Mechanical Engineers)/NIST (National Institute of Standard and Technology) developed the REPROP program in the USA, and the JSME (Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers) developed the steam table and calculation code. Upon applying this standard procedure, modified procedures were proposed for computational convenience, particularly in the supercritical pressure region where non-smooth variations of water-steam properties were distinctively observed. In this paper, the internationally adopted procedures and the progress of related activities are briefly summarized. Some practical considerations are presented for the efficient execution of computational code.


1. The recovery, after poisoning, of the rat population of eight sewer systems was measured by the bait-census method. 2. In three of the systems the mean rate of increase was of the order of 3% per week. This is attributed solely to breeding and is regarded as typical for rats in sewers. 3. Higher rates of increase (up to 11·8%) were also recorded but are believed to have been partly due to immigration or to have been only apparent (as a result of census difficulties). 4. The consequences for control of a rate of increase as low as 3% per week are discussed. Our thanks are due to eight Local Authorities, their Chief Public Health Officers and members of their staffs, without whose help the work would have been impossible, and to a number of colleagues, especially Mr J. H. Greaves, who helped with much of the census work.


Epitaxial thin films of the theoretically predicted half metal Co2Cr0.6Fe0.4Al were deposited by dc magnetron sputtering on different substrates and buffer layers. The samples were characterized by x-ray and electron beam diffraction (RHEED) demonstrating the B2 order of the Heusler compound with only a small fraction of disorder on the Co sites. Magnetic tunnelling junctions with Co2Cr0.6Fe0.4Al electrode, AlOx barrier and Co counter electrode were prepared. From the Jullière model a spin polarization of Co2Cr0.6Fe0.4Al of 54% at T = 4 K was deduced. The relation between the annealing temperature of the Heusler electrodes and the magnitude of the tunnelling magnetoresistance effect was investigated and the results are discussed in the framework of morphology and surface order based on in situ scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM) and RHEED investigations.


Three experiments were done with lactating dairy cows and one with wether sheep to study the effects of adding water to, or removing water from, fresh Persian clover on its apparent digestion and utilization in ruminants. In these experiments, the dry matter content of freshly harvested herbage averaged 10%; this was extended by wilting herbage for 12-24 h, adding a small amount of dry feed to the diet or loading the rumen with additional water. This resulted in mean water consumption ranging from 62 to 173 L/day in lactating cows. Water consumption per se appeared to have no effect on apparent digestibility coefficients in the total gastrointestinal tract or milk production (P > 0.05) at either low or high levels of feeding. However, digestibility coefficients were significantly lower (P < 0.05) when wilted Persian clover herbage was fed to animals, with concomitant reductions in milk yield; most of this reduction was due to herbage respiration and enzymatic losses probably associated with the breakdown of non-structural carbohydrates. It has been suggested that digestibility coefficients may be reduced with forages of very high water content due to reduced mean retention times of digesta in the rumen. Chromium dilution rates in rumen fluid were fast and there was a tendency for these to be positively related to water consumption. Therefore, while there may have been reduced digestion of nutrients in the rumen with higher flow rates, this must have been countered-balanced by greater digestion in the intestines.


The COVID-19 pandemic has so far resulted in more than 800,000 deaths in the United States alone and presented profound challenges to every sector of society, including public health and health care. One such challenge is addressing the impact of delayed or avoided non-COVID-related health care by 41% of US adults in the context of high prevalence of chronic diseases and longstanding health disparities.1 In the United States, approximately one third of adults have hypertension (blood pressure ≥140/90 mm Hg or taking antihypertensive medication). Even before the pandemic, decades of national progress controlling hypertension had reversed; less than half of all adults with hypertension now have blood pressure controlled to <140/90 mm Hg.2 Furthermore, hypertension prevalence is higher among non-Hispanic Black adults than non-Hispanic White adults, and among those with hypertension the proportion with controlled blood pressure is lower, resulting in stark and persistent disparities. Between 2015 and 2018, only 41.5% of non-Hispanic Black adults with hypertension had controlled blood pressure, compared with 48.2% of non-Hispanic White adults.2 Blood pressure control was also higher in adults with private insurance (48.2%) or Medicare (53.4%) compared with those without health insurance (24.2%), as well as among those who had a health care visit in the past year (49.1%) compared with those who did not (8%).2 In 2017, the American College of Cardiology and American Heart Association published updated blood pressure guidelines that redefined hypertension as blood pressure >130/80 mm Hg or taking antihypertensive medication. By this definition, hypertension prevalence among US adults is nearly 50%; of those, only 1 in 5 has blood pressure controlled to <130/80 mm Hg.2 Hypertension and the COVID-19 pandemic have each resulted in hundreds of thousands of deaths this year alone and have also exacerbated longexisting health inequities. However, far too little attention is paid to the public health crisis of hypertension because it is not novel and rarely in the headlines. We understand the risk factors that contribute to hypertension and have long had low-cost, effective treatments to control it.3 So, why do we continue losing so many lives to hypertension? The simple answer is that we fail to implement proven prevention interventions and treat hypertension effectively, in large part because the financial incentives of our health care system are not aligned with the goal of controlling blood pressure. Small tweaks to our "business as usual" approach to prevent and control hypertension are bound to continue to fall short, as they have for decades. Only a comprehensive approach—a nationally driven, whole-of-government and whole-of-community approach with a specific focus on financial incentives— will turn the tide. This is the approach recommended in the 2020 US Surgeon General's Call to Action to Control Hypertension, which sets 3 overarching goals:


Due to the limitation of voltage withstanding of power devices, multiple power devices need to be connected directly in series. The requirement for the capacity of the converter is also increasing. The high-power converter with several megavolt-amperes or even more than ten megavolt-amperes has been gradually applied. The development of power electronics technology has entered a new era. Since the converter will be used to drive loads that are very sensitive to specific harmonics, the output waveform and control method are studied. Every improvement and innovation in power electronics and electric drive technology can be applied immediately in practical industrial and civil applications. It plays an extremely important role in transforming traditional industries, developing high technology and using energy efficiently. The relationship between the two components of the stator current and other physical quantities must be found in the mathematical model. This paper proposes a feasible topology by connecting the series and parallel connections of the three-level inverter modules. A multi-level high-voltage, high-current, high-power output is realized.


Abstract Background Trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd) has shown durable antitumor activity in pretreated patients with HER2-positive advanced breast cancer (ABC), but its efficacy has not yet been evaluated in patients with active brain metastases (BMs). DEBBRAH aims to assess T-DXd in patients with HER2-positive or HER2-low ABC and central nervous system involvement. Methods This ongoing, five-cohort, phase II study (NCT04420598) enrolled patients with pretreated HER2-positive or HER2-low ABC with stable, untreated, or progressing BMs, and/or leptomeningeal carcinomatosis. Here, we report findings from HER2-positive ABC patients with non-progressing BMs after local therapy (n = 8; cohort 1), asymptomatic untreated BMs (n = 4; cohort 2), or progressing BMs after local therapy (n = 9; cohort 3). Patients received 5.4 mg/kg T-DXd intravenously once every 21 days. The primary endpoint was 16-week progression-free survival (PFS) for cohort 1 and intracranial objective response rate (ORR-IC) for cohorts 2 and 3. Results As of October 20, 2021, 21 patients received T-DXd. In cohort 1, 16-week PFS rate was 87.5% (95%CI, 47.3-99.7; P < .001). ORR-IC was 50.0% (95%CI, 6.7-93.2) in cohort 2 and 44.4% (95%CI, 13.7-78.8; P < .001) in cohort 3. Overall, the ORR-IC in patients with active BMs was 46.2% (95%CI, 19.2-74.9). Among patients with measurable intracranial or extracranial lesions at baseline, the ORR was 66.7% (12 out of 18 patients; 95%CI, 41.0-86.7), 80.0% (95%CI, 28.4-99.5) in cohort 1, 50.0% (95%CI, 6.7-93.2) in cohort 2, and 66.7% (95%CI, 29.9-92.5) in cohort 3. All responders had partial responses. The most common adverse events included fatigue (52.4%; 4.8% grade ≥3), nausea (42.9%; 0% grade ≥3), neutropenia (28.6%; 19% grade ≥3), and constipation (28.6%; 0% grade ≥3). Two (9.5%) patients suffered grade 1 interstitial lung disease/pneumonitis. Conclusions T-DXd showed intracranial activity with manageable toxicity and maintained the quality of life in pretreated HER2-positive ABC patients with stable, untreated, or progressing BMs. Further studies are needed to validate these results in larger cohorts.


This dissertation examines whether China, Brazil and India will form a challenge to the Western-made neoliberal norm of the free movement of capital across borders. From a neo-Gramscian perspective, it is argued that capital account liberalization has been a crucial element of the neoliberal project. By allowing the transnationalization of productive and financial capital, it has transformed the power relations between labour and capital to the advantage of the latter. As such, a study on the policies and perspectives of China, Brazil and India with regard to capital account policies, can shed light on the broader debate whether these rising powers will challenge the US-led, Western-made neoliberal world order. An in-depth analysis of these countries' respective capital control policies, in connection with their domestic constellation of social forces and prevailing accumulation regime, leads to the following conclusions. First, these countries do not seem to form a challenge to the norm of the free flow of capital. All three the countries have liberalized to a considerable extent, they all see the full free movement of capital as a final objective, and the dominant social forces in their social formation are not in favour of a substantial closure of the capital account. Second, however, these countries are more pragmatic and flexible with regard to cross-border capital flows, and do not want to give up on their autonomy to hold on to or reintroduce capital controls. They have therefore also contested the institutionalization of the norm of the free movement of capital at the International Monetary Fund. If the issue of capital account policies is indeed representative of the position of China, Brazil and India regarding the neoliberal world order, then this dissertation indicates that although these rising powers might be able to obtain more policy space and allow for more diversity within a global neoliberal context, they do not form a fundamental challenge to this world order. In the absence of major domestic transformations in China, Brazil and India, and/or similar transformations in the West, the neoliberal world order is therefore likely to survive the ongoing power shift to the Global South.


Addition of certain organic polymers to bitumens in small concentrations improves their performance, enhances service life and ability to withstand extreme climatic conditions. This paper briefly reviews the reported research and practical experience of the last 10-15 years on the subject with particular reference to application of thermoplastic rubbers and polyethylene. The subject assumes significance in view of ever increasing heavy traffic loads and need for the improved quality runways at the air ports


Gentle thermolysis of the bis(neopentyl) complex Cp*W(NO)(CH 2 CMe 3 ) 2 (1) at 70 °C in various substituted benzenes results in the loss of neopentane and the generation of the transient alkylidene complex Cp*W(NO)(=CHCMe 3 ) (A), which subsequently effects single C-H bond activations of the benzenes. These activations exhibit a pronounced selectivity for the C-H linkages ortho to the benzene substituents. Thus, thermal reactions of 1 with C 6 H 5 X lead to the preferential formation of the corresponding Cp*W-(NO)(CH2CMe3)(o-C6H4X) complexes, the ortho-selectivity, i.e., X = F > OMe > Cl > Br > C≡CPh, diminishing as the steric demands of the substituents increase. Consistently, thermolyses of 1 in o-C 6 H 4 X 2 afford Cp·W(NO)(CH2CMe3)(2,3-C6H3X2) complexes with 98% selectivity when X = F and 82% selectivity when X = Cl. Similarly, the principal organometallic products resulting from the thermolyses of 1 in m-C 6 H 4 X 2 are the ortho-para-activated isomers Cp*W(NO)(CH 2 CMe 3 )(2,4-C 6 H 3 X 2 ) with 84% selectivity when X = F and 89% selectivity when X = Cl. Finally, thermolyses of 1 in para-disubstituted benzenes p-C 6 H 4 XY (X = F or OMe, Y = Cl or OMe) again reveal that the ortho-directing abilities of the substituents diminish in the order F > OMe > Cl. Some mechanistic insights into these activation processes have been obtained by monitoring of the early stages of the thermolysis of 1 in chlorobenzene by 1 H NMR spectroscopy. This monitoring reveals that the selectivity of the alkylidene intermediate A for forming the ortho-activated isomer is thermodynamic rather than kinetic in nature. Thus, the meta-and para-activated isomers are formed initially, but then convert to the ortho-activated product. The principal organometallic complexes resulting from ortho-C-H activations are formally 16-electron species in which there are no interactions between the tungsten centers and the Lewis-basic benzene substituents. Instead, the Lewis-acidic tungsten centers engage in intramolecular agostic interactions with the methylene C-H bonds of their neopentyl ligands to acquire some additional electron density. Being coordinatively and electronically unsaturated, these tungsten complexes react readily with added Lewis bases. Thus, treatment of Cp*W(NO)(CH 2 CMe 3 )(o-C 6 H 4 F) with Et 4 NCN and CO produces [Et 4 N] + [Cp*W(NO)(CH 2 -CMe 3 )(CN)(o-C 6 H 4 F)] - and Cp*W(NO)(η 2 -C(=O)CH 2 CMe 3 )(o-C 6 H 4 F), respectively, and the solid-state molecular structure of the latter complex has also been established by a single-crystal X-ray crystallographic analysis.


In the present day, there has been a rapid growth of fintech companies all around the globe, providing services like market data analytics, banking solutions, mobile banking, expense management, etc. Many such fin-tech companies rely majorly on banking data. However, bank data, like transactions and holdings data, contains very concise intricate string descriptions which are not machine readable. These string descriptions do not follow any standardized protocols making them harder to convert it into organized data. Hence we propose an intelligent data enrichment pipeline that employs deep-learning based BERT model to classify the transaction contract type and advanced algorithms like suffix tree and tools like regular expression to extract all the valuable information. The pipeline returns categorized and structured machine readable data objects which can form the backbone of all the fintech software. We were able to achieve contract type classification accuracy of 98.4% and were able to extract all the valuable data from the string description. In order to understand the working of the BERT based deep-learning model, we reverse engineered the model using attention networks. The results of the same are also presented in this paper.


The biological species concept is founded in the presence of barriers that restrict gene flow, but species delimitation remain a vivid topic in orchids. In sexually deceptive Ophrys, the role of postmating barriers has traditionally been thought to be weak and, despite relevant morphological and ethological differences, only low levels of phylogenetic and genetic differentiation have been recorded. In contrast, not many studies have been focused on the relevance of different barriers in closely related species on islands. Using a morphological approach and experimental crosses to evaluate postmating barriers, we here analyse the distinctness of two sardinian endemic sister‐species, Ophrys annae and O. chestermanii, both currently referred to the O. bornmuelleri group. We found that the two endemics differ sustantially in 16 functional morphological traits. We further obtained asymmetric results from manual crosses suggesting that postmating barriers may reinforce the premating barriers. Our results suggest that in closely related species of Ophrys, gene flow is limited also by postmating barriers which contribute significantly to keeping the species reproductively isolated.


The availability and use of so-called biosupplements (or biological catalysts) in wastewater treatment systems has increased significantly in recent years. The effectiveness of adding either live cultures of micro-organisms produced commercially (or enzyme products from such cultures) to systems which naturally develop mixed and complex populations of many different microorganisms (e.g. activated sludge) may be questioned. Comparatively few studies have been published in which the commercially-produced cultures have been tested under controlled conditions. This study was aimed at conducting a controlled study of one liquid live micro-organism (LLMO) product in a nitrification-denitrification biological enhanced phosphorus removal (NDBEPR) activated sludge system. The product was marketed by the supplier for its ability to reduce sludge production in activated sludge systems, Using two parallel pilot-scale NDNEPR activated sludge systems operated in parallel under identical conditions, one with and one without the addition of the LLMO product, this study found no evidence to support the supplier's claim for the product. Two experiments were conducted: one in which the LLMO product was dosed in relatively large amounts without prior aerobic activation, and one in which activation was carried out aerobically for 24 to 36 h, as specified by the supplier. For both experiments, satisfactory mass balances for the systems could be shown, but no statistical difference in sludge production was observed, despite dosing at least ten times more product than that specified by the supplier for typical full-scale applications. Performance of the test and control systems was also virtually identical in all other respects.


Small, micro and medium enterprises (SMMEs) contribute significantly to the economy of developing countries including South Africa. These enterprises face a number of challenges and it is reported that the majority of SMMEs fail within a short period of time in South Africa. A high failure rate of SMMEs is also attributed to the lack of entrepreneurial orientation among SMME owners and managers. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of entrepreneurial orientation (i.e. risk taking, innovativeness and proactiveness) on the performance of immigrant-owned small, micro and medium enterprises (SMMEs) in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. Although entrepreneurial performance can be defined in various ways, this study defined performance through measuring tangible elements such as firm growth, profitability, personal wealth creation, growth in employment, turnover, and sustainability. A quantitative research design was adopted. Data was collected from 400 immigrant entrepreneurs who were selected using snowball and purposive sampling techniques. Correlation and regression analysis were used to test the hypothesis. It was found that entrepreneurial orientation has a positive effect on the performance of immigrant-owned SMMEs. Thus, risk taking, innovativeness and proactiveness have an effect on the performance of immigrant-owned SMMEs operating in South Africa. This study recommends that entrepreneurs should strive to improve their entrepreneurial orientation (risk-taking skills, innovativeness, and proactiveness) to improve the performance of their businesses; the government should show support for immigrant entrepreneurship in order to eliminate negative perceptions from communities where immigrants operate and financial institutions should develop products for immigrant entrepreneurs in South Africa as they are a growing and promising market.


The title compounds (most notably 2a) were synthesized on the basis of the N-methylation hypothesis of schizophrenia. They were evaluated in dopamine and haloperidol receptor assays. The binding characteristics were comparable in some cases to known neuroleptics.


Remote sensing is one of potential technologies that can be used to obtain traditional residence distribution from imagery,and extraction of traditional residence base remote sensing imagery is an important subject in human geography.A new method based on building morphological index and texture characters was proposed,and it combined features including spectral,morphology and texture.Based on this method,building pixels were firstly extracted using morphological building index algorithm;then using ratio between length and width and number of pixels of minimum boundary rectangle to get rid of road and partial pixels;finally,the contourlet transform algorithm and histogram of frequency spectrum were used to recognize the traditional residence pixels.In order to invalid this method,an experimental study was conducted using Quickbird imagery,which was located at Zhongtian village at Zhongtian town in Changning county of Hunan province.The result showed that accuracy of this method was satisfied with71.54%,and the key factor affecting result accuracy was that omit of pixels which located at destroyed traditional residence.


One of the challenging problems in video databases is the organisation of video information. Segmenting a video into a number of clips and characterising each clip has been suggested as one mechanism for organising video information. This approach requires a suitable method to automatically locate cut points (boundaries between consecutive camera shots in a video). Several existing techniques solve this problem using uncompressed video. Since video is increasingly being captured, moved, and stored in compressed form, there is a need for detecting shot boundaries directly in compressed video. The authors address this issue and show certain feature extraction steps in MPEG compressed video that allow the implementation of most of the existing cut detection methods developed for uncompressed video for MPEG video stream. They also examine the performance of three tests for cut detection by viewing the problem of cut detection as a statistical hypothesis testing problem. As the experimental results indicate, the statistical hypothesis testing approach permits fast and accurate detection of video cuts.


If gaps and errors in research reporting are not put right by the original authors within a year, independent researchers should take on the task, a team of medical scientists has said in the BMJ .1

Increasingly, missing data from trials sponsored by drug companies have become available through court actions and requests made under freedom of information legislation, write Peter Doshi of Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, and colleagues.

Absence of such data from the published literature—or misrepresentation of data in trial reports that have been published—distorts the balance of the literature, they say. The biases this creates are difficult to detect but can damage efforts to base treatments on the totality of evidence.

Doshi and colleagues call on those originally …


Although several studies have investigated the deployment of memes in political discourse, a multimodal analysis of how the electoral situation and the political traits of political actors are humorously conveyed in the post-election memes on the 2020 Edo State (Nigeria) gubernatorial election is a novel scholarly inquiry. This article uses the resources of socio-semiotic theory of multimodality, incongruity and superiority theories of humour and self-leadership strategies to analyse nine (9) purposively selected memes which were retrieved from Facebook and a news blog. The analysis shows the use of behaviour-focused strategies, self-reward strategies, and constructive thought strategies to clamour against external political influence, intervention and godfatherism in the politics of component states of Nigeria . This political expression is achieved through humour techniques such as sarcasm, punning, exaggeration and intertextuality, and through semiotic resources such as gaze, gesture, setting and props. Memes are subtle means of commenting on national issues under the guise of humour.


The alluring optoelectronic properties of lead halide perovskites have continued to attract enormous interest from the scientific community. They are among the brightest candidates for future optoelectronic devices. However, making active devices out of single nano/microcrystals of lead halide perovskites has been a major hurdle and this has dulled its position as a future optoelectric material considerably. The notoriety of not withstanding the steps in photolithography is at the core of this problem. Here, a noninvasive sacrificial layer‐assisted photolithography technique is reported to successfully make active nano/microdevices on single nano/microcrystals of water‐soluble lead halide perovskite. The sacrificial layer can easily be removed without altering the photoresist patterns which makes it possible to fabricate complex high‐performance devices on water‐soluble samples. It is believed that this technique can easily integrate with existing technologies and can elevate the research and application in the field of lead halide perovskites and other water‐soluble materials to new heights.


The present invention relates to a technical improvement made to orthopedic corsets made of thermoformed polyethylene plastic manufactured manually to facilitate their gripping by the patient or by the medical staff during their installation or subsequent adjustment. The invention consists in applying flexible polypropylene webbing handles sheathed with heat-shrinkable polyethylene in the sagittal plane at the hips.


We describe a new method for producing ultrafine glass particles that employs pulsed‐laser particle ablation. Pulsed‐laser radiation with wavelength of 249 nm was used to ablate 8‐μm‐diam glass microspheres under normal atmospheric conditions. The ejected particles were collected on silicon substrates for further analysis. Scanning electron micrographs of the samples were analyzed by computer aided image processing to determine the effect of laser fluence on the particle size distribution. Results showed that mean particle diameter, in the range from 60 to 80 nm, was generally inversely proportional to laser fluence. The particle size distributions were closely log‐normal with small geometric standard deviations.


Reducing worry that exercise or activity will worsen symptoms of chronic fatigue syndrome (myalgic encephalomyelitis or ME) is important for the success of cognitive behavioural therapy or graded exercise therapy in reducing fatigue and improving physical function, concludes a new analysis of data from the PACE trial, reported in the Lancet Psychiatry .1

Earlier results from the PACE (adaptive pacing, graded activity, and cognitive behaviour therapy—a randomised evaluation) trial, published in the Lancet in 2011, showed that in a group of 641 patients cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) and graded exercise therapy (GET) were of more benefit at 52 weeks to people with chronic fatigue syndrome than adaptive pacing therapy (APT) and usual specialist medical care.2

In GET the patient undertakes a personalised and gradually increasing exercise programme delivered by a physiotherapist, whereas in APT the patient adapts their activity levels to the amount of energy …


Definition. A continuous mapping φ : Γ -* S = dD is called G-essential if every continuous extension Φ : G -> D of ψ covers the entire ball D by its range/) Note that if Γ is a closed surface, then the fact that ψ is G-essential implies that it is essential in the classical sense. We recall that G can be represented as a union of convex sets, "hulls" [1] (generally speaking, of various dimensions). () Each of them is the convex hull of the intersection of Γ with an «-ball imbedded in G. The proof given below is based on the approximation of G by polytopes Pm On = 1, 2, ...) such that all those hulls are simplexes (this cannot be said about the hulls of G itself). Due to this, any function defined on the boundary of Pm can be extended simplicially to the whole ofPm. Lemma. A bounded open set G can be approximated with arbitrary accuracy by a polytope Pm C G (in = 1,2, ...) such that every (nl)-sphere embedded in Pm has at most k+\ points in common with the boundary Tm = SPm, and the convex hull of these points is a non-degenerate k-simplex (A: = 0, 1, ..., n), that is, the convex partition of the open polytope Pm is simplicial. Proof. We need a polytope Pm C G whose convex bundle is simplicial, while the boundary Vm lies in the ε-neighbourhood of Γ. It can be constructed, starting from the cubilage^) of the Cartesian coordinate system with the rational edge l/2m of the cube. We subject the cubilage to an affine transformation whose matrix (a,·^) is arbitrarily close to the identity matrix and such that all the coefficients α,-̂ are mutually transcendent. For Pm we take the union of those parallelepipeds of the deformed cubilage that lie entirely in G. The mutual transcendence of the a^ forces any (n l)-sphere Σ to be tangent to the elements of the deformed grid at no more that n+ 1 points (an element of the grid is any Ατ-plane of the cubilage, k = 0, 1, .... n1). For the sphere Σ is determined by η + 1 parameters. The tangency condition for Σ with η + 1 elements yields n+ 2 algebraic equations with rational coefficients. Eliminating from this system the η + 1 parameters of the sphere, we arrive at an algebraic equation connecting the a,·^ with rational coefficients. We fail to obtain a contradiction to the mutual transcendence of the a,-̂ only if we assume that the equation resulting after eliminating the parameters has the form 0 = 0 . In other words, we must consider the case (and show that it is not feasible), where some n+2 elements of the grid have the property that under any affine transformation there is a sphere having n+2 distinct points of tangency with the images of these elements. For some types of elements the impossibility of this case can be proved fairly simply (when the elements are hyperplanes, in "a couple of words"), but in the general case the proof turns out to be cumbersome and is based on selecting an affine transformation under which a point of one of the n+2 relevant elements is taken into the interior of a ball tangent to the remaining η + 1 elements.


The Southern slave states' secession is a significant event in American history.In the process of Southern secession the white slaveholder class played a key role.Yet the attitude and political behaviors of white nonslaveholder mass diversified in different local communities.In undeveloped slavery region the majority of white nonslaveholders opposed disunion.In developed slavery regions the majority of white nonslaveholders accepted the political establishment's secession decision.Behind this difference lay the reality of white nonslaveholders.They were not a self-conscious social class,hence could not act as a class in politics.As a matter of fact,among the white nonslaveholders those lived in undeveloped slavery regions acted freely,those in developed slavery regions deferred to slaveholding politicians leadership.


We show that it is possible to derive a lower bound on the number of lattice points in a simplex which is sharper than the one given by Aharon G. Beged Dov in the abovementioned paper. Furthermore, alternative upper and lower bounds are derived which in some special cases yield the exact number of lattice points in a simplex.


Lattice vector quantization (LVQ) offers substantial reduction in computational load and design complexity due to the lattice regular structure [1]. In this paper, we extended the SPIHT [2] coding algorithm with lattice vector quantization to code hyperspectral images. In the proposed algorithm, multistage lattice vector quantization (MLVQ) is used to exploit correlations between image slices, while offering successive refinement with low coding complexity and computation. Different four-dimensional lattices and significance metrics are considered. Their rate-distortion performance is compared with other 2D and 3D wavelet-based image compression algorithms.


A well-crafted opening problem can provide preassessment of students' fraction knowledge and assist teachers in determining next steps for instruction.


Vol. XIII, No. 12 | [Articles:] " MS Thesis Defense"; "Specila Talk on Stem Cells & Cancer"; "WiS Discusses Time Management"; "Students Accepted"; "New Journal of Student Research Abstracts now Online"; "Presenting at Conferences:
What's the Big Deal?"


Objective of this study is to highlight the prevalence of impacted canines in patients who had attended the orthodontic screening clinic at Eastern Riyadh Specialized Dental Center, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, from January 2014 to December 2016. This was a retrospective study on 507 panoramic radiograph. All panoramic radiographs were taken with standardized equipment and specifications. Frequency and prevalence of the patients were recorded. Total number of males was 203 (40%) and 304 (60%) was female. The mean age of the patients was 16.78 years. A total number of 38 (7.5) patients was diagnosed with impacted canine 23 (4.5%) in females. Impacted canines were seen mostly as unilateral 24 (63.2%). Left was the most common site of impaction 16 (66.7%).


The N = 1--0 transition of CO/sup +/, with components J = 1/2--1/2 at 117.692 GHz and J = 3/2--1/2 at 118.102 GHz, was searched for but not found in molecular clouds showing strong emission from the J = 1--0 transition of carbon monoxide. Rotational transition rest frequency calculations were made for HCN/sup +/, HNC/sup +/, and CN/sup +/; subsequent interstellar searches were conducted for these ions, but none were detected. 2 tables.


[Objective]To observe the reaction and immunological effects of new soldiers of CPAPF,Jilin provincal corps after combined vaccination with HFRS inactivated vaccine and HAV attenuated live vaccine.[Methods]A total of 1380 new soldiers were divided randomly into three groups.In group 1 combine vaccinatied with HAV+HFRS,group 2 with HAV alone,and group 3 HFRS I alone.Booster vaccination was given 12 months later.Fasting serum samples were col- lected from them before,after immunization and 45 d,6 m,12 m,18 m later.Specific fluorescent antibody IgG for HFRS was detected by indirect immunofluorescent method and anti-HAV IgG by competitive inhibition method.[Re- salts]There were no umtoward reaction and vaccination protection rate was 100%.The positive transformation rate of anti-HFRS of 45 d,6 m,12 m combined immunization were evidently higher than the single immunization.There were no difference between the positive transformation rate of 18 m later combined anti-HFRS and single immunization 18 m later.There was obvious difference between the positive transformation rate of combined immunization anti-HAV(IgG) and sinple anti-HAV.[Conclusion]Combined vaccination is secure and effective.It has good immunological effect.The effect of combined immunization is higher than the single HAV 18 m after immunization.


We measure terahertz transmission properties of subwavelength apertures arrays with quasicrystalline arrangement such as Penrose and dodecagonal quasicrystals. We observe sharp resonant peaks in the transmission spectra, which agree with the underlying geometrical structure factor.


......................................................................................................................................... ii Acknowledgements ...................................................................................................................... iii List of Tables .............................................................................................................................. viii Chapter 1: Introduction ............................................................................................................... 1 Chapter 2: Review of Literature ................................................................................................. 5 Technology for Teaching and Learning ...................................................................................... 6 General Diffusion Theory ........................................................................................................... 7 Elements of Diffusion of Innovations ......................................................................................... 8 The Innovation ........................................................................................................................ 9 Communication ....................................................................................................................... 9 Homophily and Heterophily ................................................................................................. 10 Time ...................................................................................................................................... 11 Innovation-Decision Process ................................................................................................ 12 Rate of Adoption ....................................................................................................................... 14 Theory of Perceived Attributes ................................................................................................. 15 Individual Innovativeness ......................................................................................................... 18 Diffusion of Innovations Summarized .................................................................................. 21 Criticisms of Diffusion of Innovations Theory ......................................................................... 22 Instructional Technology Diffusion Theories, Models, and Related Research ........................ 23 Implementation ......................................................................................................................... 28 Ely's Conditions for Implementation........................................................................................ 28 Resources .............................................................................................................................. 32 Infrastructure ......................................................................................................................... 32 People .................................................................................................................................... 33 Policies .................................................................................................................................. 33 Learning ................................................................................................................................ 33 Evaluation ............................................................................................................................. 33 Support .................................................................................................................................. 34 Adoption and Utilization of Technology for Teaching and Learning in Developing Nations . 34 Studies on Instructional Technology Implementation in Developing Nations ..................... 36 The Case of Malawi .............................................................................................................. 37 Summary ................................................................................................................................... 40 Chapter 3: Methodology............................................................................................................. 41 Research Design ........................................................................................................................ 41 Mixed Methods Designs ....................................................................................................... 42 Methods for Phase I Survey and Phase II Interviews ............................................................... 43 Why Survey Research? ......................................................................................................... 43 The Survey Instrument .......................................................................................................... 44 Purpose of the Survey ........................................................................................................... 44 Interviews .............................................................................................................................. 45 Interview Protocols ............................................................................................................... 46 Implementation of Phase I Survey ........................................................................................ 49 Phase II Interview Implementation ....................................................................................... 49 Piloting of the Survey Instrument and the Interview Protocol ............................................. 51 Technology Adoption and Integration vi Survey Instrument and Interview Protocol Expert Review .................................................. 52 Data Analysis ............................................................................................................................ 52 Trustworthiness ..................................................................................................................... 53 Researcher Reflexivity .............................................................................................................. 55 Summary ................................................................................................................................... 60 Chapter 4: Analysis of Survey and Interview Findings .......................................................... 61 Description of Mzuzu University .......................................................................................... 61 Description of Survey Participants ....................................................................................... 63 Description of Interviewees .................................................................................................. 67 Computer Accessibility for Faculty Members ...................................................................... 68 Ownership of Personal Computers ....................................................................................... 70 Computer Accessibility for Students .................................................................................... 72 Extent of Electronic Technology Adoption .......................................................................... 72 Technology Utilization in Teaching and Learning ............................................................... 75 Facilitators and Barriers of Electronic Technology Adoption and Integration ..................... 80 Analysis of Perceived Importance of Efforts Regarding Electronic Technologies .............. 86 Analysis of Electronic Technology Development Efforts .................................................... 87 Quality of Efforts Regarding Electronic technologies for Teaching and Learning .............. 94 Summary ................................................................................................................................. 100 Chapter 5: Discussion ............................................................................................................... 102 Study Limitations .................................................................................................................... 103 Phase I Survey Limitations ................................................................................................. 103 Phase II Interview Limitations ............................................................................................ 104 Discussion of the Findings ...................................................................................................... 105 Access to Technologies ........................................................................................................... 107 Extent of Electronic Technology Adoption and Utilization ................................................... 111 Facilitators and Barriers of Electronic Technology Integration ............................................. 115 Role of Electronic Technology on Teaching and Learning .................................................... 122 Effect of Technology Access on Faculty Members' Perception on Technology for Teaching and Learning ....................................................................................................................... 124 Recommendations ................................................................................................................... 127 Areas for Further Study .......................................................................................................... 130 References .................................................................................................................................. 131 Appendix A .......................................................................


TAMGeF, Touch-midAir-Motion Gesture Framework is a modern template-based, multi-threaded, C++ cross-platform framework for spatial input devices. In this paper, we provide a look at the lower-level layer of TAMGeF, which provides two contributions to the creation of framework development for input devices: Device generalization (or abstraction) and thread-safe Observer-Queue Pattern. We show that these two contributions provide a foundation for any input device framework.


Introduction Regional fat distribution strongly relates to metabolic comorbidities. We identified the DNA repair genes H2AX and HMGB1 to be differentially expressed between human subcutaneous (SAT) and omental visceral adipose tissue (OVAT) depots. As increased DNA damage is linked to metabolic disease, we here sought to analyze whether depot-specific H2AX and HMGB1 expression is related to anthropometric and metabolic profiles of obesity. We further tested for different H2AX mRNA regulatory mechanisms by analyzing promoter DNA methylation and genotyped rs7350 in the H2AX locus. Research design and methods Gene expression (OVAT n=48; SAT n=55) and DNA promoter methylation data (OVAT and SAT n=77) were extracted from an existing dataset as described elsewhere. Genotype data for the 3'untranslated region (3'UTR) H2AX variant rs7350 were generated by using the TaqMan genotyping system in 243 subjects of the same cohort. Statistical analyses were done using SPSS statistics software 24 and GraphPad Prism 6. Results We identified H2AX being higher (p=0.002) and HMGB1 being less expressed (p=0.0001) in OVAT compared with SAT. Further, we observed positive interdepot correlations of OVAT and SAT for both HMGB1 (p=1×10–6) and H2AX mRNA levels (p=0.024). Depot-specific associations were observed for both genes' methylation levels with either high density lipoprotein cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides and/or with OVAT/SAT-ratio (all p<0.05). A significantly lower level of total cholesterol in minor A-Allele carriers of rs7350 compared with AG and GG carriers (p=0.001) was observed. Additionally, subjects carrying the A-allele showed lower SAT HMGB1 expression level (p=0.030). Conclusion Our results suggest a fat depot-specific regulation of H2AX and HMGB1 potentially mediated by both DNA methylation and genetic variation. Rs7350, DNA methylation and/or mRNA levels of H2AX and HMGB1 are related to lipid parameters. Further studies are warranted to evaluate the functional role of the DNA repair genes H2AX and HMGB1 in obesity and fat distribution.


THERMAP is a mid-infrared (8-16 μm) spectroimager, selected by the European Space Agency (ESA) in February 2013 for the scientific payload of the Marco Polo R M-class mission. We present in this paper the instrument and its scientific objectives. 1 Scientific objectives of the THERMAP instrument Although about 10 000 Near-Earth Asteroids (NEA) have currently been detected, only a few hundred have been observed in the mid-infrared (5-25 μm) from ground or space-based telescopes, mostly by the Spitzer Space Telescope, and none have been observed in-situ, spatially resolved, in this wavelength range. The mid-infrared window, which probes thermal emission, remains a completely unexplored field for space missions to NEAs. The THERMAP instrument, the mid-infrared spectro-imager of the ESA Marco Polo R mission, is specifically designed to fill this gap with the following scientific objectives: Characterize the surface thermal environment of a NEA: What is the surface temperature and degree of thermal stress weathering? What are the bulk thermal properties of the surface? Map the surface composition of a NEA: What is the surface mineralogical composition? What is the effect of space weathering on surface composition? Help to select the sampling site and to place the sample in its context: What is the surface thermal environment of the sampling site? What is the surface composition of the sampling site? 2 Instrument description and performances THERMAP is a mid-infrared spectro-imager with two channels, one for imaging (8-18 μm) and one for spectroscopy (8-16 μm). Each channel is equipped with a 640x480 uncooled microbolometer array from the ULIS company (France). The baseline for the THERMAP imaging channel is a tri-mirror anastigmat telescope (TMA), with a field of view of 9.5 deg x 7.0 deg, a focal length of 50 mm and an F-number of 2. The THERMAP imaging channel is a camera, with full 2D imaging capabilities, and can map the entire surface of the NEA or the sampling site in a few frames to derive its surface temperature distribution with an accuracy better than 5 K above 200 K. The THERMAP spectroscopic channel is a slit spectrometer. It follows the imaging channel in the optical path, and is composed of a slit and an Offner relay with a spectral resolution of ∼0.3 μm over the 8-16 μm wavelength range. The THERMAP instrument will acquire images and spectra of the targets during the different phases of the mission, with a spatial resolution of 10 m for the far global characterization, 5 m for the global characterization and 0.25 m for the local characterization of the sampling site. With its performances, THERMAP is the ideal instrument to characterize the surface thermal environment of a NEA, to map its surface composition and to help to select the sampling site and to put the sample in its context Heritage The THERMAP design follows the same philosophy than MERTIS, the Mercury Radiometer and Thermal Infrared Spectrometer for the ESA BepiEPSC Abstracts Vol. 8, EPSC2013-196, 2013 European Planetary Science Congress 2013 c © Author(s) 2013 EPSC European Planetary Science Congress Colombo mission. It uses the same detector technology, i.e., uncooled micro-bolometer arrays, the same optical design, i.e., a tri-mirror anastigmat telescope (TMA) for imagery followed by an Offner relay for spectroscopy, and the same principle for calibration, i.e., a rotating mirror at the entrance of the instrument that can point alternatively the asteroid and three calibration targets (deep space and two black bodies). 3 THERMAP consortium The THERMAP consortium is composed of three core institutes, contributing to the hardware: Labaroratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille (LAM, France) that leads the consortium, Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC, Spain – Lead scientist: Javier Licandro), and the Deutsches Zentrum für Luft-und Raumfahrt (DLR, Germany – Lead scientist: Jörn Helbert). The Principal Investigator of the THERMAP instrument is Olivier Groussin (LAM, France). LAM, IAC and DLR are major space science institutes in Europe, with a recognized expertise and an important contribution to past, current, or future space projects. The science team is composed of 17 members from 6 different countries (France, Germany, Spain, Sweeden, UK and USA), all with a strong expertise in asteroids and infrared observations. Several members of the team have already lead major scientific projects.


Abstract In order to obtain the initial condition of the traffic accident and reconstruct the collision process of motorcycle and car in reverse, this paper proposes a multi-objective optimisation algorithm based on the combination of NSGA-II and surrogate model. Aiming at a collision accident between a car and motorcycle, a simulation model of the human-vehicle-road coupling system is established. First, select the optimisation variables, optimisation objectives and constraints, define the variable range, and through the Opt-LHD to sample the optimisation variables. Then, obtain and fit the sample data, and take the sample data as the initial conditions into the established motorcycle traffic accident simulation model. Next, obtain the simulation data of the optimisation variables, and establish the response surface model of the optimisation objectives in MATLAB. Finally, using NSGA-II algorithm, the individuals in the population are solved based on the response surface model in turn, the Pareto solution set is obtained, and a group of satisfactory solutions is taken back to the simulation model for verification of the optimisation model, so as to prove the correctness of the satisfactory solution, and then the initial conditions of the collision between the motorcycle and the car are obtained.


The purposes of the study are to discover the general condition of students' social intelligence before join the extracurricular, to know the implementation of the extracurricular in fostering students, and to find out Pencak Silat's contribution in increasing students' social intelligence.


The estimation of a synchronous machine's electrical parameters using an extended Kalman filter (EKF) is proposed. The estimation method is evaluated using digital computer simulations, as well as practical measurements on a microalternator. The captured data are used, together with an initial set of machine parameters, as an input to the EKF to estimate an improved set of parameters. The results indicate that the parameter estimation method is valid under certain conditions, but that with high-order models it is computationally intensive, and that certain parameter estimates are noise-sensitive.<<ETX>>


In this article, the author offers his approach to the study of the phenomenon of retrotopic thinking (the orientation of utopian thinking in the past). The article is conditionally divided into two parts. In the first part, Andrei Tarkovsky's films are analyzed as a set of concrete examples of retrotopic thinking. At the same time, the author makes ideal-typical drawings, setting a number of parametric characteristics on the basis of which it is possible to separate some variants of retrotopic thinking from others. In the second part, the author extends the analysis of retrotopic thinking to the entire human history, showing its fullness with retrotopias. At the same time, the author analyzes all variants of utopian thinking: both retrotopias and protopias (the orientation of utopian thinking towards the future). The history of mankind, and especially the history of globalizing modernity, is viewed as a complex deployment of protopic and retrotopic projects.


The identification of key environmental forcings responsible for population patterns is a pervasive ecological problem and an important application of time series analysis. A common approach, implemented with methods such as cross-correlation and cross-spectral analysis, relies on matching scales of variability. This approach concludes that a population pattern is caused by a physical factor if their variances share a dominant period. In a nonlinear system, however, forcing at one temporal period can produce a response with variability at one or more different periods. Thus, scale-matching methods will be most successful at establishing cause-effect relationships in linear systems, or close to equilibria, where nonlinear systems are well approximated by linear ones. Here, we propose an alternative approach that does not assume linearity and relies on time series models that are both nonlinear and nonparametric. We specifically apply these models to determine the correct but unknown frequency of a periodic forcing. The time series are generated by simulation of a predator-prey model. Under periodic forcing, this type of model is known to be capable of different dynamic regimes, including chaos and quasi- periodicity, in which the power spectra of population numbers exhibit variance at fre- quencies other than that of the forcing. We show that nonlinear time series models, built with feedforward neural networks, are able to distinguish the correct forcing period in the predator-prey simulations. These results hold under two common limitations of ecological data: the presence of dynamical and measurement noise, and the availability of time series data for only one variable. We discuss future applications of the approach to more general environmental forcings, other than periodic.


MISSION IN THE 1970's; WHAT DIRECTION? Edited by John Boberg, S. V. D., and James Scherer. Chicago Cluster of Theological Schools (1100 E. 55th St., Chicago), 1972. 208 pp. Paperback, $5.00. Papers and discussion summaries from a 10-day Mission Institute bringing together Catholic and Protestant field missionaries, professors of missions and mission executives to grapple with underlying issues, exchange experiences and offer valid theological perspectives for mission practice. Here is evidence of real encounter on the part of dedicated Christians who are experts in their fields. Issues discussed include; the meaning of salvation, dialogue with men of other faiths, arousing the whole church to a sense of apostolic urgency, the priority to be given social and economic development, the role of the human agentboth missionary and national pastor, how a culture is permeated with a culturally acceptable witness to Christ, how can ecumenical cooperation be increased in such matters as common evangelism and catechetical instruction? The theological note is prominent throughout, with a probing for depth, a confidence in God's saving power, and frequent reference to the eschatological dimension.


when subjects' interpretations conflict. This tolerance for conflicting visions is the aspect of their study that I find the most exemplary. A researcher faced with the contradictory perspectives of a wide range of subjects can be tempted to smooth things over or, perhaps, choose one view as &dquo;correct.&dquo; In exploratory research like this study, however, tolerating some uncertainty allows for an accurate representation of people's own perceptions of their writing and adds to the generativity of the work through the dissonances it creates. A second strength of this article is the manner in which Killingsworth and Steffens contextualize communication. They treat documents as more than just text, organization, or style. Rather, they see documents