The main socialist values are the soul of socialist legal construction. The introduction of basic socialist values into the construction of the rule of law is an inevitable requirement for maintaining a combination of State governance on a legal basis and State governance on the basis of moral norms, and this is an important way to strengthen the construction of basic socialist values. The promotion of the introduction of basic socialist values into legislation has become an important measure for the introduction of basic socialist values into the construction of law and order and an important way of implementing basic socialist values. From the point of view of the rule of law, upholding the basic socialist values in laws and regulations undoubtedly requires the transformation and elevation of basic values, such as politics and moral norms, to the level of legal norms, so that they can receive a source and normative characteristic of justice, execution and protection.However, from the point of view of judicial practice and social reality in China, there are other types of norms that serve as the basis for court decisions and the normative basis for the behavior of the subject. Therefore, the "Insurance Law" as the basic law in the fi eld of traditional commercial law, the introduction of basic socialist values developed by a legal source based on the central position of the legislator, and should be based on the Constitution of the Civil Code of China. Here is about the fact that the constitution is the main right and dominant in the legal system of any countryThe content "The state supports the basic socialist values" was added to article 24 "Amendment to the Constitution of the People's Republic of China", adopted on March 11, 2018. So that the basic socialist values are raised to the level and height of constitutional norms, and, thus, the defense of the basic socialist values has the highest legal force of the constitution. The Civil Code of the People's Republic of China is guided by the "Constitution", and in article 1 "the task of legislation" further proposes and requires "the promotion of socialist core values" and accepts the integration of the civil and commercial codes as a legislative tradition and legislative style.This is what provides the normative basis of the legal source for the introduction of the Law on Insurance into the basic socialist values. Principles and institutions, as the main forms of manifestation of law in the source of law, have also become two fi elds in which the basic socialist values are integrated into the Law on Insurance. Field integration at the level of basic principles should be mainly based on the principle of good faith, but based on the characteristics of insurance activity and insurance management, the overall integrity of the core values should be raised to the highest level of maximum integrity in order to offer a higher degree of honesty to insurance entities.Integration at the level of institutions requires not only the concretization of the principle of maximum integrity, but also the integration of basic values, such as freedom, equality, justice and the rule of law, into specifi c institutions in order to offer norms of behavior and justice for insurance entities and judicial authorities from the level of a legal source. In addition, from the position of judges in the center of justice, from the legal source, the introduction of basic socialist values has certain disadvantages, therefore, other types of norms besides legal sources should be introduced, such as appropriate judicial explanations about the Insurance Law, in this general fi eld, to help correct the shortcomings of the Insurance Law in the legal source, the full manifestation and implementation of the guiding and guiding role of the basic socialist values in the insurance legislation and insurance practice of China, the effective normalization and leadership of the healthy development of the insurance industry in China, as well as the demonstration and implementation of the contribution of insurance to the socialist economic order of China, and serves as a "stabilizer" of public order.


In this paper, the supply chain management risks arising from 2019-novel coronavirus (hereinafter referred to as "COVID-19") outbreak was proposed, and they were further analyzed from three main aspects such as change in demand conditions of domestic customers, change in domestic supply market, impact on domestic logistics industry. Besides, multiple feasible strategies for coping with such epidemic situation were proposed for enterprises based on the super-dynamic capability theory. The research in this paper has powerful theoretical value and practical significance for the current development of enterprises, especially the reorganization of enterprises under the current epidemic crisis in China.


This paper describes a trial of an online survey that was intended to reveal the online learning preferences of students and staff at a Faculty of Education, and our conclusions to date about the usefulness of the tool and the results it revealed. As part of a wider work in progress, the trial arose from our desire to better understand the learning needs of students from diverse cultures and how best to support online and blended students and teachers in increasingly global communities of learning. Our conclusions to date do not enable us to validate the cultural dimensions of learning on which the survey was based, but they do lead us to believe there is value in using the instrument to reveal and explore difference in online learning preferences.


In presented article the analysis of resource maintenance of innovative development of region with the purpose of research and an estimation of quality of its innovative potential is spent. The innovative potential of region is formed owing to absorption of the certain quantity of resources with the purpose of increase in volumes of innovative production made with their help. Therefore at calculation of a resource estimation of innovative potential, authors of the given research used matrix system of its development.


The SamSam ransomware attack on Atlanta in early 2018 crippled municipal services in a major American city without the firing of a single shot, epitomizing the notion of a "Silent Battle". Atlanta was not the only battlefield. Municipal governments in Colorado and New Mexico, as well as medical associations in Indiana, Virginia, New York and Buffalo, were all targets. While other ransomware or ransomware-like attacks have been larger-scale events, the SamSam ransomware attacks deserve an international law analysis. This article examines the SamSam attacks on health care providers and municipal government through the lens of the second Tallinn Manual. First, it explains the SamSam ransomware itself and Gold Lowell, the group presumed to be behind it. Second, this article explores how the SamSam incidents might be classified under international law. This article asks whether ransomware attacks are internationally wrongful acts - breaches of international obligations attributable to a State. This entails considering whether a ransomware attack may be legally classified as a use of force, an intervention, a violation of sovereignty, or a breach of an international law obligation. Finally, this article discusses the possible legal responses to the SamSam ransomware attacks available to the United States: countermeasures, the plea of necessity, acts of self-defense under Article 51 of the U.N. Charter, and acts of retorsion.


Where a previous generation of avant-garde directors in the 50s and early 60s had made Works that still sought to serve a general audience in the cinema, radical independent filmmakers in the UK in the 1970s were at virtual war with the mainstream, exploring entirely new methods and modes of address.


A case of squamous carcinoma of the skin is presented which emphasizes the difficulties of distinguishing this condition from keratoacanthoma. Certain other unusual features of this tumour are mentioned, particularly its apparent stimulation by a single incident of injury.


The article by Dr Bruno Mascarenhas on overcoming the shortage of doctors in rural areas highlighted the success story of the Tamil Nadu government in this area. It is acknowledged that the health parameters in Tamil Nadu are better than those in most of India, but are they good? For example, the maternal mortality ratio in Tamil Nadu for 2007–09 was 97 per 100 000 live-births (the latest period for which official figures are available; data from the website of the National Rural Health Mission). This compares with 39 for Sri Lanka, as highlighted by Dr Srinath Reddy in an editorial in the same issue. The inference is that the mere availability of doctors is not enough to bring health indicators to world-class levels. What is required is an entire package of measures, as detailed in the report of the High-Level Expert Group of the Planning Commission.


The current demand of FPT University is how to develop program learning outcomes (LOs) responding to industry requirements, as well as to design the integrated curriculum that provides not only knowledge but also personal attributes and professional skills for students. Since 2016, FPT University has been researching and applying conceiving, designing, implementing, and operating (CDIO) basically and systematically in designing and renovating programs. In the range of this paper, the author will describe the curriculum design process for both public relations (PRs) program and E-commerce program. The outputs include program LOs, sequence of skills, and integrated curricula. Next, the article shares about the collaboration with industries to design the introductory courses in two selected programs. Finally, the article provides the information of faculty development programs to implement CDIO teaching and learning activities during the past years.


The research intends to focus on a less researched area and is designed to find the level of usage, the issues and attitudes of cursive writers and noncursive writers using English as a second language in the University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka. Moreover, when the history of research in the field of English language is considered, there have been various studies conducted on cursive handwriting on an international level focusing on the level of clarity, performance at examinations, teachers' attitudes and writing speed. However, a study on cursive handwriting has not been conducted so far in Sri Lanka. Thus this is an initial step for further research. The results of the study prove that cursive writing mainly relies on personal interest and students are not encouraged to learn cursive handwriting at school. In addition, the majority prefers manuscript style in an examination and taking notes in a lecture. Moreover, the majority have stressed on the proper practice and proper format when writing cursive handwriting. Meanwhile, a majority admires the beauty of cursive script and they enjoy reading when they find a properly written piece of cursive writing. Significantly, certain individuals do not measure the intellectual level of the writer through cursive handwriting. Nevertheless, due to the lack of systematic training only a minority uses cursive writing. The number of difficulties faced by the Sri Lankan cursive users is quite high, and the issues identified need to be addressed cautiously for its improvement.


Scanning tunneling microscopy measurements on Ag(111)/MoS 2 reveal atomically flat preferred, or "magic," heights occurring at 6, 10, and 14 atomic layers. These results are consistent with Ag growth on a variety of semiconducting substrates and correlate with electronic energy savings in electronic structure calculations of freestanding Ag(111) films. Thus, under certain conditions, Ag will spontaneously form quantized structures independent of the substrate. To explain this, we have found Fermi surface nesting vectors in the bulk Ag band structure which account for these results and the fact Ag that is gapped along the surface normal. This model extends to a range of metallic systems which exhibit electronic confinement, epitaxial growth, and minimal strain. As with Au/MoS 2 , the Ag/MoS 2 system exhibits this behavior at unusually high temperatures so that these principles might be used for control over device features at the nanometer scale under standard fabrication conditions.


Most of the world's commercial fishing fleets are presently equipped with manual data-logging systems. Although these allow for the collection of a range of data, they often have only crude locational references. Since many of the major problems which the industry faces are concerned with inequities or variations in the spatial domain, an Integrated Fisheries Computer Aided Monitoring system (FISHCAM) has been designed as a system which logs fish catches, and which allows for the analysis of catch and effort data in conjunction with other spatially related data. The on-board computer system integrates both a Geographical Information System (GIS) and a Global Positioning System (GPS) with a relational database management system. Data captured by the system is transferred to a resource manager module for detailed analyses. Since the database is linked to a proprietary GIS, there is the capacity to integrate the catch and effort data with a range of external data sets. This allows for a wide range of additional analyses, and for a range of geographical, mapping and textual output. Observations are also made on some important implementation considerations.


An NHC-catalyzed α-carbon amination of chloroaldehydes was developed. Cyclohexadiene-1,2-diimines are used as amination reagents and four-atom synthons. Our reaction affords optically enriched dihydroquinoxalines that are core structures in natural products and synthetic bioactive molecules.


Yersinia enterocolitica is a Gram-negative bacterium, belonging to the family Enterobacteriaceae, has 19 species and is divided into six biotypes (1A, 1B, 2-5) with approximately 50 serotypes. It is a species of great importance in public health due to its capacity of growth in raw or inadequately processed milk and in thermal conditions of low temperatures for long periods. It is an emerging pathogen, already detected all over the world. This study aims to report on the occurrence of this microorganism in dairy products and its importance as a potential cause of disease in humans. The consequences of yersiniosis are severe and include severe acute infections, self-limited gastroenteritis and may result in sequelae such as reactive arthritis and erythema nodosum. Gastroenteritis can range from mild to evolving to mesenteric lymphadenitis, depending on the age and immune system of the host. The consumption of raw milk and its derivatives is cultural in some countries and, therefore, more studies must be carried out aiming at the detection and characterization of Yersinia enterocolitica in these products, since it is a microorganism that offers potential risk to consumer health.


Herein, the cost-effective photocatalyst of TiO2/g-C3N4 microspheres/reduced graphene oxide (T-CNS-G) was synthesized through a simplified two-pot hydrothermal procedure and its structure and characteristics were researched by various characterizations. The as-prepared T-CNS-G nanohybirds exhibited obviously enhanced photocatalytic activities (about 90% after 4 h) for Cr(VI) removal and good cycle stability (five cycles), which was irradiated by visible light. The increased photocatalytic activity of T-CNS-G photocatalysts is the result of the positive synergy of TiO2 nanoparticle, g-C3N4 microspheres, and rGO nanosheets. The synergy made the composite catalyst have a larger specific surface area, stronger visible light absorption capacity, lower fluorescence intensity, and higher photocurrent intensity, thereby increasing the active site of the catalysts and the mobility of photoinduced carriers. In addition, the possible photocatalytic reaction mechanism for a high-efficiency removal of Cr(VI) was propo...


Fabrication of ultrascaled 2D field effect transistors (FETs) requires 2D semiconductors with sizable bandgaps and high carrier mobilities as well as competitive insulators to separate the channel from the gate. However, so far the focus has been put on channel materials, while insulators suitable for ultrascaled 2D FETs have not been identified. The most common choice is oxides known from Si technologies, e.g. SiO2, Al2O3, and HfO2. However, despite the respectable performance of some devices, the interfaces of these oxides with 2D channels are of poor quality and contain numerous defects which degrade their performance and reliability. On the other hand, while 2D insulators such as hBN form well-defined van der Waals interfaces with 2D channels, the poor dielectric properties of hBN make it unsuitable for scaling. As an alternative, we have recently suggested the use of calcium fluoride (CaF2) as an insulator for 2D FETs [1]. Few-nanometers thin CaF2 layers can be grown on Si(111) by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) which forms an F-terminated inert surface with no dangling bonds [2]. This results in a quasi van der Waals interface with 2D materials (Fig.1a), similar to those known from hBN. Furthermore, due to its good dielectric properties, the tunnel currents through CaF2 are lower than for most high-k oxides with equal EOT, not to mention SiO2 and hBN [1]. The gate currents of our CVD-grown MoS2 FETs with epitaxial CaF2 insulators of record-small thickness of only about 2 nm (EOT less than 1nm) are small compared to the drain current (Fig.1c). Thus, already in the first bare channel prototypes we achieve competitive on/off current ratios of up to 10 and SS down to 90 mV/dec (Fig.2a). At the same time, the hysteresis in our devices is even smaller than in Al2O3 encapsulated SiO2(25nm)/MoS2 FETs [3] (Fig.2b). In Fig.2c we compare the normalized hysteresis widths for various technologies where only CaF2 gives comparable results to Si/high-k FETs. In addition, we analyzed the reliability of our devices and found it to be significantly improved compared to available 2D FETs [4]. In summary, we demonstrated the feasibility of FETs with CaF2 insulators and found that the virtually defect-free nature of CaF2 leads to good performance, small hysteresis, and excellent reliability.


The static or thermal equilibrium properties of non-interacting magnetically anisotropic nanoparticles are studied in the framework of classical theory. Various important thermal equilibrium properties, e.g. internal energy, specific heat, magnetization and susceptibility, are derived from basic thermodynamic functions such as the partition function and thermodynamic potentials. The central issue in this paper is to study the effect of anisotropic potential on these thermal equilibrium properties. We extensively study the linear and nonlinear susceptibilities and their temperature dependence. We also give a comparative study of the magnetic properties of a superparamagnetic fine particle system and a canonical spin-glass system and thus invoke the similarities and differences between the two.


To improve the spectral efficiency of symmetry-based intelligent reconfigurable surface (IRS)-assisted MIMO communication systems, this paper investigates the joint precoding and passive beamforming optimization problem for millimeter-wave point-to-point MIMO systems under both ideal and practical IRS phase shifts. For the ideal IRS phase shifts setup, we derive a simplified approximate spectral efficiency expression based on Jensen's inequality and propose a minimum mean square error (MMSE)-based algorithm to transform the simplified non-convex problem into a solvable convex function. For the practical IRS phase shifts setup, we propose a multi-start stepwise optimization algorithm to obtain the passive beamforming by stepwise iterative search. Finally, with the above-obtained passive beamforming, the optimal precoding is derived by performing the singular value decomposition (SVD) on the effective channel and water-filling power allocation. The simulation results verify our performance analysis and demonstrate that spectral efficiency can be effectively improved compared to various benchmark schemes.


One of the main constituent parts of optical coherent measuring apparatus is laser as source with stable performance of frequency, radiation intensity, and light beam uniformity. At present time semiconductor lasers are rather attractive devices in view of there low prices, small size, serviceability. Progress in its quality leads to including them not only in lightheads, but as lighting unit in measuring apparatus. In order to guarantee accuracy of measuring instruments, all parts of them must have stable performance, and in this respect semiconductor laser demand stabilization more that one characteristic quantity at once. And frequency stability on the one hand is overwhelmingly important for constancy of optical measuring instruments, on the other hand our investigations show that its regulatory control is very arduous task. Both holographic methods and phase modulated speckle interferometry clearly recognize smooth frequency shift and frequency jumping depending on pumping current and temperature. And for repeatability it's required to return both of them. So it is necessary laser frequency testing during working. For interferometric comparison circuit it is frequency variation that exerts influence on fringes pattern generation, so just this parameter should be traced in the course of measuring. Specially prepared test object, introduced in holographic scheme, allows to uncover frequency variation, if they had have place, and to reproduce coherence function of laser source. Complicated coherence function of semiconductor lasers can destroy interference pattern or foul the interpretation of it. So this coherence calibration is also very useful for results validity. Phase modulated speckle interferometry method allows to build phase correlation portraits, analogical to interferograms, hence multiwavelength contour generation masks the picture of intrinsic object information too. Both real wavelength change and nonresolution area, when coherence length is less then path-length difference, may be obtained with the help of known wedge incline near the measured object. Since measured and testing image will be entered at the same time, test results will be applied in interpretation of measurement results. Thus on-line testing of laser characteristic quantities allows using unstable sources and increasing of measurement precision.


Objective:To provide virus seeds for vaccine production by constructing the third level seed library of human avian influenza H5N1 virus. Methods:Influenza virus was cultivated in SPF chick embryo and the type,titer, sterility etc. were identified. Results:The HA titers were 1∶640-1∶1 280 at 33℃,52 hours. Anaerobian, bacteria, fungi, mycoplasma and exogenous avian leukemia virus and hemadsorption and non-hemadsorption viruses were negative. The HA titers,EID50 of the virus and HI titers of immunized mice 28 days after injection were 1∶320-1∶640, over 6.7 and above 1∶160,respectively of the 12 passages. The autoploidy of HA, NA sequences with reference sequences were 99.0% and that between the passages were 99.9%.Conclusion:The seed library may be used as the seeds for developing human avian influenza H5N1 vaccine.


BACKGROUND The type-1 cytokine pathway plays a pivotal role in immunity against intracellular bacterial pathogens such as Salmonellae and Mycobacteria. Bacterial stimulation of pattern recognition receptors on monocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells initiates this pathway, and results in the production of cytokines that activate lymphocytes to produce interferon (IFN)-gamma. Interleukin (IL)-12 and IL-23 are thought to be the key cytokines required for initiating a type-1 cytokine immune response to Mycobacteria and Salmonellae. The relative contribution of IL-23 and IL-12 to this process is uncertain. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We show that various TLR agonists induce the production of IL-23 but not IL-12 in freshly isolated human monocytes and cultured human macrophages. In addition, type 1 pro-inflammatory macrophages (Mphi1) differentiated in the presence of GM-CSF and infected with live Salmonella produce IL-23, IL-1beta and IL-18, but not IL-12. Supernatants of Salmonella-infected Mphi1 contained more IL-18 and IL-1beta as compared with supernatants of Mphi1 stimulated with isolated TLR agonists, and induced IFN-gamma production in human CD56(+) cells in an IL-23 and IL-1beta-dependent but IL-12-independent manner. In addition, IL-23 together with IL-18 or IL-1beta led to the production of GM-CSF in CD56(+) cells. Both IFN-gamma and GM-CSF enhanced IL-23 production by monocytes in response to TLR agonists, as well as induced IL-12 production. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE The findings implicate a positive feedback loop in which IL-23 can enhance its release via induction of IFN-gamma and GM-CSF. The IL-23 induced cytokines allow for the subsequent production of IL-12 and amplify the IFN-gamma production in the type-1 cytokine pathway.


This research examines the factors responsible for the management conflict between venture capital investors (VCIs) and information and communications technology venture businesses (ICTVBs) in the emerging venture capital and ICT industries in Malaysia. In the management process of venture business, VCIs emphasize financial and managerial considerations while ICTVBs emphasize technical considerations. This is the area of management where conflict is most likely to arise between the two key stakeholders of a venture business (VCIs and ICTVBs are categorized as stakeholders in the economics literature). For a successful venture business, this conflict has to be reduced. Before the start-up stage of a venture business, ICTVBs hold the majority equity. However, at the start-up stage, VCIs play a crucial role in providing additional equity. Once an investment by VCIs is agreed upon and executed, that is, the venture business has started its business operation, careful managerial considerations are important; otherwise, the above-mentioned management conflict is likely to arise and affect the performance of the venture business. The increasing complexity of managing venture businesses has made it necessary for stakeholders to develop amicable relationships with each other to achieve mutual goals. As a consequence, researchers and practitioners alike have focused their attention on searching for ways to improve relations between stakeholders. On one side, the ICTVBs need financing, management know-how, and marketing contacts, among others. VCIs are in a good position to assist by channelling not only financing but also their practical hands-on experience in business operations, e.g. general management and marketing. On the other, VCIs need information and technological know-how of their venture business from the ICTVBs so that they are aware of the opportunities and threats of their investment. Therefore, if the two key stakeholders wholeheartedly work together to develop their aggregate competence, their venture business will have a better chance for successful results. The general tenet is that differences do exist in the nature and characteristics of VCIs and ICTVBs, especially their expertise. Thus, a natural move would be to investigate the following. Firstly, what are the specific differences in their expertise? Secondly, do these differences have any impact on their recognition of managerial factors (ROMFs) in managing their venture business? Thirdly, do their ROMFs have any influence on their management conflict? While many past studies have been conducted in developed countries to shed light on issues related to reducing management conflict in venture capital, there is a paucity of empirical studies to investigate the association of ROMFs and management conflict, especially in the ICT industry. In almost all studies, a critical role of VCIs is generating information about the ICTVBs' prospects. While such an emphasis is important, it does little to shed light on the complementary role of key stakeholders' ROMFs in affecting those strategies of reducing management conflict. Thus, it is important to understand their managerial factors, whereby the nature of management conflict between these stakeholders is a consequence of their characteristics.


Thermally activated atomic vibrations significantly decrease the x‐ray diffraction intensities of nanocrystalline powders. Hence their quantification is critical for accurate structural characterization of small nanocrystals by x‐ray diffraction. In this study, atomic vibrations in the form of mean square displacements (MSDs) in 5, 10, 15, 20, and 30 nm diameter spherical gold nanocrystals were computed by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations at room temperature and below. A strong size and temperature dependency of MSD was observed from spherical gold nanocrystals. Moreover, these displacements increased radially from the center of the nanocrystals and reached a maximum at the surface layers due to the presence of undercoordinated surface atoms and their relatively unrestricted motions. High temperature simulations were performed to investigate the evolution of structural stability of nanoparticles with increasing temperature. Surface melting was observed before complete melting of nanocrystals. Results of this work will be useful to understand the effect of nanocrystal size on the amplitude of thermally activated atomic vibrations and their quantification in measured intensities by x‐ray diffraction experiments.


A refractory protective coat has been developed that greatly reduces scale formation and is capable of lowering sandblasted casting roughness 30 to 50%. When applied as a thin film to the refractory model, it remains as a tacky base which will fix wax and plastic.


The invention discloses a gold-stamping tipping paper for tobacco. The gold-stamping tipping paper comprises a tipping body paper layer, and a shading printing layer, a paint layer, a metallic aluminum plating layer and a printing protective layer which are sequentially arranged on the upper surface of the tipping body paper layer from top to bottom. The preparation process comprises the steps of firstly, printing shading on the surface of the tipping body paper to form the shading printing layer; secondly, coating the shading printing layer with paint in a reverse touch-coating manner to form the paint layer, and drying the tipping body paper at 80-110 DEG C; thirdly, carrying out vacuum evaporation to form the metallic aluminum plating layer on a laser layer; fourthly, printing the printing protective layer with anti-counterfeiting graphics and text information on the metallic aluminum plating layer by use of alkali resistant printing ink; and fifthly, removing a part on which no the printing protective layer covers the metallic aluminum plating layer with NaOH solution. The process combines the environment-friendly reverse kiss-coating technology, the vacuum aluminum plating technology and the intaglio/cameo printing technology, is simple, the manufacture cost can be reduced and further the anti-counterfeit technology effect of the gold-stamping tipping paper can be further improved.


The paper describes the internal structure of a large operating system as a set of cooperating sequential processes. The processes synchronize by means of semaphores and extended semaphores (queue semaphores). The number of parallel processes is carefully justified, and the various semaphore constructions are explained. The system is proved to be free of "deadly embrace" (deadlock). The design principle is an alternative to Dijkstra's hierarchical structuring of operating systems. The project management and the performance are discussed, too. The operating system is the first large one using the RC 4000 multiprogramming system.


The purpose of the paper is to give an insight on what packaging and hands-on abilities are learned through the process of engineering practice and why this stage is of great importance in the development of future engineers. Although the basis of student's knowledge is learned during faculty year's classes, it has been widely shown that the easiest way of developing practical skills is done during practice stages either in universities or in private companies [1]. During one such stage the student improves his or hers skills in areas such as researching, computer simulation, interface developing, and of course, maybe most important, packaging. The practice stages offer the student the possibility of implementing circuits and projects, either by realizing testing boards or by using breadboards [2]. These are skills that are rarely attained during faculty classes due to the fact that there is not enough time for each student to implement projects during laboratories. This is why practice stages are the ones that truly give the student a basis in electronic packaging.


One of the challenges teaching interaction design in computer science departments is often a lack of focus on design in various contexts and across levels of scale. Our newly created research and teaching platform at the Aarhus School of Architecture provides design courses that address this challenge. This presentation reviews examples from the design courses we teach at the IT Product Design Bachelor and Master programs at the Aarhus University's Department of Computer Science. These courses focus on interaction work that takes place away from the traditional screen and keyboard, and into the lives of people interacting in the physical world. The courses highlight the focus on the physical form, social interaction, attention to various levels of scale and solution sets that may include a mix of physical form, digital tools, and/or services. In this talk, examples are provided showing how sketching and prototyping early and throughout the process can open the design space when designing for people in the contemporary urban context. More details about the research platform can be found on the platform website: http://reform.aarch.dk


Remote sensing scene categorisation is a task to distinguish the basic level scene images in accordance with the contents of the subordinate level feature representations. This gives rise to a significant semantic gap between subordinate level features and the basic level scene contents. In this paper, we propose recurrent transformer networks (RTN) to mitigate the above problem. RTN incorporates learning transformation-invariant regions with transformer based attention mechanism, thus reducing the semantic gap efficiently. It also can learn the canonical appearance for the most relevant regions based on the subordinate level contents of the remote sensing scene images. The predictions of both transformation parameters and classification score are derived from the bilinear CNN pooling regression. The whole network is differentiable and can be learned end-by-end by only acquiring the basic level labels. Through extensive experiments, we demonstrate that our RTN is able to achieve state-of-the-art performance on several public remote sensing scene datasets.


Single crystal E.P.R. spectra of Cr(III) doped in hexaimidazole zinc(II) dichloride tetrahydrate show the presence of a number of chemically and magnetically distinct sites with large zero-field splittings and a considerable number of forbidden transitions at X-band frequencies. The spectra at Q-band have been analysed. The number of magnetically distinct sites seems to depend on the concentration of chromium. The zero-field tensors for two of the prominent sites are (a) D = 1825·1, E = -574·3; (b) D = 1821·3, E = -388·2 (all in units of 10-4 cm-1). The unique axis of the D-tensor in both the magnetically distinct sites correspond to two of the nearest neighbour Zn-Zn directions in the lattice. Also, twinning about the bc plane is observed in these crystals.


The objectives of this paper are to design, simulate, fabricate and examine Ice Cream Cone with Bow Tie Antenna
for microwave imaging application. This antenna is designed for frequency 3.5GHz and simulated using CST Microwave
Studio Simulation. The antenna was fabricated on FR4 substrate with relative permittivity of dielectric constant (Ɛr), 4.6.The result of return loss, bandwidth, gain, directivity and radiation pattern are discussed in this paper. To achieve the best antenna performance, the return loss must below than -10dB and gain at 3dB. Ice Cream Cone with Bow Tie antenna is one of the design for microwave imaging application in the span of breast cancer imaging.


To assist the clinical diagnosis and treatment of neurological diseases that cause speech dysarthria such as Parkinson's disease (PD), it is of paramount importance to craft robust features which can be used to automatically discriminate between healthy and dysarthric speech. Since dysarthric speech of patients suffering from PD is breathy, semi-whispery, and is characterized by abnormal pauses and imprecise articulation, it can be expected that its spectro-temporal sparsity differs from the spectro-temporal sparsity of healthy speech. While we have recently successfully used temporal sparsity characterization for dysarthric speech detection, characterizing spectral sparsity poses the challenge of constructing a valid feature vector from signals with a different number of unaligned time frames. Further, although several non-parametric and parametric measures of sparsity exist, it is unknown which sparsity measure yields the best performance in the context of dysarthric speech detection. The objective of this paper is to demonstrate the advantages of spectro-temporal sparsity characterization for automatic dysarthric speech detection. To this end, we first provide a numerical analysis of the suitability of different non-parametric and parametric measures (i.e., $l_1$-norm, kurtosis, Shannon entropy, Gini index, shape parameter of a Chi distribution, and shape parameter of a Weibull distribution) for sparsity characterization. It is shown that kurtosis, the Gini index, and the parametric sparsity measures are advantageous sparsity measures, whereas the $l_1$-norm and entropy measures fail to robustly characterize the temporal sparsity of signals with a different number of time frames. Second, we propose to characterize the spectral sparsity of an utterance by initially time-aligning it to the same utterance uttered by a (arbitrarily selected) reference speaker using dynamic time warping. Experimental results on a Spanish database of healthy and dysarthric speech show that estimating the spectro-temporal sparsity using the Gini index or the parametric sparsity measures and using it as a feature in a support vector machine results in a high classification accuracy of 83.3%.


The UK Biobank (UKB) has assessed diet among participants using a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Studies of UKB have tended to examine the association of intake of single foods with health outcomes. We used the FFQ data to develop a diet quality score that could be used to examine the relationship of dietary patterns with markers of cardiometabolic health. We applied principal components analysis to the FFQ data for participants from the Foodscapes section of UKB (n = 52,345). The fi rst component was transformed using Fisher-Yates normal scores, mapping it onto a Normal distribution with a mean of 0 and a standard deviation of 1. The median value was used to categorise diet as healthy or unhealthy. We examined the relationship of the diet scores with markers of cardiometabolic health (blood pressure, serum lipids, BMI) in linear regression analyses, adjusting for confounding factors identi fi ed in a Directed Acyclic Graph: sex, age, ethnicity, educational attainment, smoking, Index of Multiple Deprivation. The rst of the of of and intake of fruit, and vegetables an unhealthy diet score . -1, so a positive value of the score indicated a healthy diet. A higher score, indicative of healthier diet, was asso-ciated with lower systolic and diastolic blood pressure ( β -0.81, 95% CI -1.0, -0.62; β -0.61, 95% CI -0.72, -0.05), lower BMI ( β -0.67, 95% CI -0.73, -0.62) and with healthier lipid pro fi le (lower levels of cholesterol β -0.05, 95% CI -0.06, -0.04, triglycerides β -0.05, 95% CI -0.06, -0.03, and higher HDL cholesterol β 0.01, 95% CI 0.0, 0.01). Participants with healthier diet scores (>1) were less likely to be current smokers and more likely to be physically active (>1/day vigorous activity) (both P < 0.001). The diet score was a good approximation of dietary quality and demonstrated a positive relationship between an unhealthy diet and markers of poorer cardiometabolic health. Our fi ndings suggest that this measure of diet quality could be used to examine dietary patterns within the UKB and explore their relationship with a range of outcomes.


In the article will be described the novel of writer Akan Nurmanov "Death of the Onager", has been written it during his short life in sixteen's, with the talent and style so characteristic of him, thereof he left in the literature important distribution. Through the novel he could show his creative power from the new side, and by it he proved his new more creative forces.
In his novel he described real way of development of the society, spiritual crisis, purpose of life and human. Moreover, by the article the author denounced about real discrepant life of human, fortune of hero, purpose of life, human-society-human, relationships and image of epoch of Soviet society.


Under the new curriculum reform, curriculum standards and material content more reflects the connection between advanced mathematics and secondary mathematics, however, there are few realistic teaching middle school mathematics teachers to be teaching at a "high view" of guidance on how to mathematics and secondary mathematics teaching effectively linking become a major concern. This paper discusses the application status of middle school mathematics teaching "high view" of reason analysis, opinions and suggestions, designed to cause the majority of secondary school mathematics teaching practitioners and researchers.


The paper deals with the developed mathematical model of a multiple-factor analysis, using which, it is possible to estimate the efficiency of various methods to increase durability of wheelset tyres of traction rolling stock. The main reasons for wheelset tyre wear are given and the most efficient methods to increase tyre lifetime are determined. The authors received the estimated value of wheelset tyre lifetime when using each of the offered methods and average durability under their simultaneous action.


The biomolecular corona is a key component controlling the identity of nanomaterials in physiological environments. Studies aimed at identifying factors shaping the biomolecular corona have proliferated in the last decade but have been performed by research groups with different backgrounds. Efforts made within the scientific community to guarantee the reproducibility of experimental data have identified protocol standardization as an indispensable step for advancing knowledge in this arena. To contribute to fulfill this gap, here the relevance of interoperator variability in biomolecular corona studies and the benefits arising from automated systems usage are explored. Moreover, the role of molecular crowding during nanoparticle‐biofluid incubation and the effect of washing the pellet during corona isolation are thoroughly investigated. It is believed that the findings will help researchers enhance the accuracy of experimental design and reporting.


During the last 100 years, the Austrian constitutional court has not only been a role model for many other states. Its work and composition have been characterized by compromise and continuity at the same time. The Austrian constitution doubles, for example, the protection against administrative injustice, which one can appeal against before administrative courts and the constitutional court at the same time. The courts had to find some compromises along their way of dealing with this situation. The balance that they found gives continuity to their jurisdiction. Similar observations can be made regarding the court's composition over the century.


This essay aims to investigate the traces of 'green' and Spring – that is, the myth of Persephone – on a few texts by Mario de Andrade, especially by means of his contact with The Golden Bough (1890), by sir James Frazer, as well as the developments of a conception of 'green' in intellectuals such as Georges Bataille, Carl Einstein, Andre Gide and Victoria Ocampo. The Golden Bough has given the main substance to Andrade's studies on Folklore, as the Brazilian Dramatic Dances (1959), and to his attempt to transform Folklore into a subject. As we may see, Andrade's interpretation of 'green' resulted in a perspective of survival as the permanence of a fixed and primary element, and of people subject to be represented by form.


This research aims to find out which method among ROE, ROA, Debt Ratio & EVA has superior influence to the stocks return of Banking Sector of 2005-2008 and which bank has the most sensitive stock return to the ROE, ROA, Debt Ratio dan EVA. The Purposive sampling has been carried out in this research of the 10 Biggest Assets Banks on 2009 in Indonesia. The banks in this research consists of 64.15% (majority proportion) of the total bank assets in Indonesia. The Fixed Effect Method (FEM) was implemented in regressing The Panel Data (the combination of cross section and time series data). The consideration in using FEM was to identify the individual stock return's effect to the movement of ROE, ROA, Debt Ratio and EVA. The conclusions of this research are: 1) Only EVA has significant influence (At significance level of 0.05) to the banks stocks return and 2) BII with the highest positive Individual Constanta (Ci) has the most sensitive stock return to the increase of EVA while Bank NISP with the lowest negative Individual Costanta has the most sensitive stock return to the decrease of EVA.


Today, the focus of nursing care in childbirth is to provide a safe birth for the mother and the baby while at the same time creating a positive and satisfying birth experience. Nursing care provided by correct communication techniques along with the physical care during the birth period will provide a positive birth experience for women while increasing the efforts to cope positively in the postpartum period and will contribute to the adoption of maternal role and prevention of possible complications. A negative labor experience in a woman's life may lead to postpartum depression, post–traumatic stress disorder, curettage in unintended pregnancies, caesarean section in later labors, sexual dysfunction, deficient mother–infant binding, problems in breastfeeding and baby neglect. Focus of nursing care given to woman who is in a labor process is directed at not only providing a safe labor for both mother and the baby but also constituting a positive and satisfying labor experience. Important nursing practics include breathing during labor, relaxation, giving help, support on pushing properly, giving the most proper position, paying attention to privacy, assisting psychologically, decreasing stressors and sensual contact. The importance of constant support and implementations given and provided by the nurses is increasing due to nurses who are the closest to women in labor process. This article focuses on the benefits of therapeutic touch during childbirth.


This memo defines a portion of the Management Information Base (MIB) for use with network management protocols in the Internet community. In particular, it defines objects for managing the IPv6 Routing Protocol for Low Power and Lossy Networks (RPL).


In this work we report preparation TiO2 hollow spheres and its application as an electrochemical sensor. Therefore the novel carbon paste electrode modified with TiO2 hollow spheres (TOHS), multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and poly-glutamic acid (PGA) film (PGA/TOHS/MWCNTs/CPE) was used for simultaneous determination of dopamine (DA) and piroxicam (PRX) in the presence of ascorbic acid (AA). The electro-oxidation of dopamine(DA) and piroxicam (PRX) has been investigated by application of the modified electrode using cyclic voltammetry (CV), differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and chronoamperometry (CA) methods. The modified electrode accelerates the electron transfer reactions of DA and PRX. In addition it shows no significant interference of AA as the electroactive coexistent compounds with DA and PRX in biological systems. The fabricated sensor revealed some advantages such as excellent selectivity, good stability and high sensitivity toward DA and PRX determination. Under the optimum conditions the electrode provides a linear response versus DA and PRX concentrations in the range of 0.3–60 and 0.4–80 µM and with a detection limit of 0.2µM and 0.3µM(S/N=3) respectively using the DPV method. The modified electrode was used for determination of DA and PRX in human urine with satisfactory results.


A novel radical gold dithiolene complex exhibits a hexagonal columnar mesophase, as confirmed by optical microscopy, DSC analysis and X-ray diffraction. The extent of delocalization of the spin density in such a complex was analyzed by EPR. Temperature dependent magnetization measurements reveal that the global magnetic moment is remarkably affected at the liquid-crystalline phase transition with a marked hysteresis signature, rare behavior among the few described paramagnetic discotic phases. In addition, these molecules were found to strongly aggregate in solution into one-dimensional fibers with a mean diameter of 60 nm extending over micrometres, leading to the formation of gel-like structures. These fibers are stable and can be isolated on surfaces. The gelation of the system can also be detected by temperature-dependent magnetic measurements.


Social enterprises present an alternative to business-as-usual with their combination of core social and environmental objectives being addressed through commercial approaches. In this way they present an alternative avenue for a sustainable prosperity that is not driven by profit but rather focused on flourishing and living within ecological limits. In the UK, there has been particular interest and support for the creation of start-ups and the scaling of existing social enterprises. The term social enterprise has been in use in the UK since the 1970s, and the current approaches are shaped by the philanthropic traditions of charities, the cooperative traditions of democratic governance, and cultures of socially responsible business. The UK social enterprise movement was given a boost by the pioneering public policies and approaches in the 1990s, including various support programmes, the introduction of a new legal form and investment funds. Since 2010 there has been a focus of policy on encouraging social investment funds and mutual social enterprise 'spin-outs' from the public sector. However, the context of public sector austerity has seen a considerable decline in overall spending across the UK in recent years, with the exception of Scotland


In this paper we present the mind maps as an innovative tool for getting acquainted with the naturaland social environment in teaching The World Around. They enable the information on studied topic to bepresented graphically as a set of words, images, symbols. Mind maps support the organization of information,solving a specific problem or decision-making and presenting them using a scheme. Using different colours andfonts increases the possibility of permanently memorizing the content and enrich the pupil's ideas about thestudied objects, topics, phenomena. Thus facilitating absorption of concepts, revealing the connections betweenthem and the target material can be presented as a coherent whole. Building a mind map is a long andcontinuous process that should follow specific steps: in the centre of the map, a basic concept is placed; thenestablishing the branches stemming from the central concept/picture, which may be of different thicknessesdepending on their importance; finally "in the branches" specific denominations are recorded surrounding theconcept. Using mind maps in the learning process of The World Around contribute both to the formation ofvarious cognitive and practical skills such as comparison, grouping by certain sign, using various sources ofinformation, etc., and to the development of intellectual abilities of students - logical thinking, showingcreativity and taking decisions necessary for rapidly changing high-tech society.


The purpose of this study was to determine the positive influence of Research and Development (R&D ) on firm value. The results show that R&D does not have a significant effect on firm value, while Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and type of industry have a significant impact on firm value. R&D activities are activities that will be the company's investment in the long run. R&D activities create a competitive advantage for companies by creating new products that are difficult for competitors to emulate in the era of modern technological development. Companies that carry out R&D activities in the era of modern technology can be considered to have made long-term strategic investment companies that are used to increase firm value. Investors did not invest because R&D is a strategic investment in the long term of the company that is used to increase the value of the company, while technology is developing very rapidly.


Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of hepatic arterial chemoembolization(TACE) combined with the percutaneous hepatic portal vein puncture percutaneous ethanol injection(PEI) for the treatment of the hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) complicating with portal vein tumor thrombus(PVTT).Methods During the period from June 2007 to October 2010,30 HCC complicating with PVTT patients,the tumor of whom could not't be resected,were given TACE combined with percutaneous transhepatic portal vein puncture PEI treatment.We evaluated the change of PVTT size and AFP value after treatment,also the patients' survival time.Results After a course of treatment,5 patients'(16.7%) PVTT disappeared or shrunk,17 patients'(56.7%) PVTT didn't increase.There were 25 patients with an elevated AFP value before treatment,19 of which(76%) decreased after the treatment.The overall 0.5,1,2-year survival rates were 86.7%,53.3% and 10.0%.All cases didn't appear hemorrhage,pneumothorax,bile leakage,liver failure,the needle tract implantation metastasis and other serious complications.Conclusion TACE combined with percutaneous hepatic portal vein puncture PEI was a safe and efficient treatment,with few complications,for HCC complicating with PVTT.


Healthy rabbits, weighing between 1500 and 2000 gm. and kept on an adequate mixed diet, were injected intravenously with strains of hemolytic streptococci freshly isolated from the upper respiratory passages of patients with acute glomerulonephritis. Scarlet fever streptococci, green-producing streptococci from the respiratory passages or urines of patients with chronic nephritis and systemic lupus erythematosus, pneumococci of types I and III, and a Friedlander bacillus were also used, along with some other strains, including a hemolytic streptococcus of canine tonsillar and endocardial origin. All organisms were grown in blood broth. A series of rabbits was also injected with scarlet fever antitoxin, horse serum, rabbit serum, rabbit plasma albumin and rabbit plasma globulin. Material for histologic study was fixed in a io per cent aqueous solution of formaldehyde and in Zenker's solution and stained with Congo red for amyloid and with hematoxylin and eosin for general purposes. Ordinarily, kidney, liver, spleen, adrenal and myocardium were sectioned; occasionally, other organs. Determinations of plasma proteins, blood urea and nonprotein nitrogen, and plasma cholesterol were made by the usual clinical microchemical methods. Albuminuria was estimated with the heat and acetic acid test and at times by quantitative chemical analysis.


The phase assembles of Sr0.4Ba0.6Nb2O6 (SBN40) starting powder mixture calcined at different temperatures were identified by X-ray Guinier-Hagg camera film data and the unit cell dimensions of strontium barium niobate (SBN) developed at different temperatures were calculated by using PIRUM program. It was found that four intermediate phases, i.e., Na5Nb4O15, Sr5Nb4O15, SrNb2O6 and BaNb2O6 were developed during the formation of Sr0.4Ba0.6Nb2O6 and the two latter phases reacted to form SBN. The unit cell dimensions of SBN decreased with increasing sintering temperature. On the basis of results, the corresponding formation mechanism of Sr0.4Ba0.6Nb2O6 phase was also suggested.


A direct preparation of α-amino ketone derivatives through treatment of acylzirconocene chlorides with N-benzylideneaniline derivatives, in which acylzirconocene chlorides react as "unmasked" acyl anion donors, was carried out under Yb(OTf)3/TMSOTf-catalyzed conditions. The same reactions were also carried out with the use of Bronsted acids as catalyst in place of Yb(OTf)3/TMSOTf. The operationally simple three-component reaction with aldehydes, anilines, and acylzirconocene chlorides affords α-amino ketone derivatives essentially in the absence of a catalyst. (© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)


Effective moisture of base material mixture is one of the important indices evaluating thick layer base material spraying bio-slope engineering. Based on spraying experiments on simulated rock slope, different organic matter and absorbent agent contents' effect on base material mixture's moisture constants are studied. This has some significance for the selection of base material mixture composition and proportion.


The electronic structures of the electron-rich Fe(II) acetylide complexes (η2-dppe)(η5-C5Me5)Fe(C⋮CC6H4-X) (1a−j: dppe = 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane; X = NO2, CN, CF3, Br, F, H, Me, tBu, OMe, NH2) have been investigated using density functional theory calculations. The crystal structures of the bromo- (1d), methyl- (1g), methoxy- (1i), and amino-substituted complexes (1j) are reported to complement the available structural data. The structural data, the first ionization potentials, and the relevant electronic and vibronic transitions calculated for the model complexes are compared to the experimental data for the corresponding Fe(II) complexes among 1a−j. The influence of the X substituent on the electronic properties is then more specifically investigated by means of linear free-energy relationships (LFERs). Correlations between the experimental data gathered for 1a−j and electronic substituent parameters (ESP's) provide additional information on the way the remote para substituent influences the el...


Banking occupies always a very important position in the national economy of certain country,so,every country of all over the world pays more attention to the banking regulation.Analyzes the theoretical foundation of banking regulation and regulation practice from United States of American,Italy and Korea,points out that banking regulation need develop and regulate constantly in the practice,only on different development stage,under the different economic environment,adopt different regulation system,can banking and whole national economy achieve health growth.


The corrosion of reinforcement caused by chloride ingress significantly reduces the length of the service life of reinforced concrete bridges. Therefore, the condition of bridges is periodically inspected by specially trained engineers regarding the possible occurrence of reinforcement corrosion. Their main goal is to ensure that the structure can resist mechanical and environmental loads and offer a satisfactory level of safety and serviceability. In the course of assessment, measuring the chloride content, through which corrosion could be anticipated and prevented, presents a possible alternative to visual inspections and corrosion tests that can only indicate already existing corrosion. It is hard to determine the cost-effectiveness and actual value of chloride content measurements in a simple and straightforward way. Thus, the main aim of the paper was to study the value of newly gained information, which is obtained when a chloride content in reinforced concrete bridges is measured. This value was here analyzed through the pre-posterior analysis of the cost of measurement and repair, taking into account different types of exposure and material properties for a general case. The research focus was set on the initiation phase in which there are no visible damages. A relative comparison of costs is presented, where the cost of possible reactive/proactive repair was compared with the maximum cost of measurement, while the measurement is still cost effective. The analysis showed a high influence of the initial probability of depassivation on the maximum cost of the cost-effective measurement, as well as a nonreciprocal relation of the minimum cost of cost-effective reactive repair with the measurement accuracy.


This study defined the effective thickness of extra-low permeability reservoirs using lithophase classification,due to the fact that extra-low permeability reservoirs in the middle section of the Shanbei slope are affected by depositional settings,reservoir performance,diagenesis and structures,reservoir performance and infiltrating textural difference varies greatly,and log responses were complicated. Based on the various logs,cores and testing data,the Chang 6 reservoir of the Yanhewan area in the Ansai oilfield was evaluated in terms of various lithophase information,classification methods and their evaluation; the difference of bottom limit,characteristic and evaluation standard were established for lithophase reservoir of various rocks; and the lithophase settings in extra-low permeability reservoirs were analyzed using microelectrode curves. Taking the Chang 6 as an example,this study analyzed and extracted the denotive parameters of classification for lithophase of extra-low permeability reservoir,and this solved heterogeneous,non-linear problems by converting them into relatively homogeneous,linear ones,which improves the precision and effect of reservoir effective thickness using well logging interpretation.


The microbial community of sediment in Mengqing park reed wetland was studied with PCR-SSCP(Single-Strand Conformation Polymorphism).Under hydraulic loading of 60 cm/d-70 cm/d,the mean removal rate of ammonia,BOD and SS could reach to 30 %,50% and 60% respectively.The results of SSCP showed that the optimal conditions were as followed: the gel-concentration was 10 %(acrylamide-bisacrylamide(49:1)),5% urea,no glycerol.The PCR products was 4 μl,and voltage is 150.The dominating bacteria in the wetland were Bacillus,which acclimatized themselves to environment well.The changes of season and influent have significant influence on microbial structure in reed wetland.Micobial DNA diversity differed in the different sites and behavior a clear seasonal pattern of variation,and the DNA similarity was lower among different sites in the wetland.The results also showed that the addition of bacterial and enzymer products could enhance the diversity of microorganisms,and benefit the pollutant degradation.


Background: Targeted therapies with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are used for the treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma. Results: T cell activation is less affected in the presence of axitinib compared with other TKIs. Conclusion: Axitinib might be better suited to be combined with immunotherapy than sorafenib. Significance: Learning how TKIs manipulate T cells is crucial for understanding TKI-mediated effects on the immune system. The multikinase inhibitors sunitinib, sorafenib, and axitinib have an impact not only on tumor growth and angiogenesis, but also on the activity and function of immune effector cells. In this study, a comparative analysis of the growth inhibitory properties and apoptosis induction potentials of tyrosine kinase inhibitors on T cells was performed. Tyrosine kinase inhibitor treatment resulted in a dramatic decrease in T cell proliferation along with distinct impacts on the cell cycle progression. This was at least partially associated with an enhanced induction of apoptosis although triggered by distinct apoptotic mechanisms. In contrast to sunitinib and sorafenib, axitinib did not affect the mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm) but resulted in an induction or stabilization of the induced myeloid leukemia cell differentiation protein (Mcl-1), leading to an irreversible arrest in the G2/M cell cycle phase and delayed apoptosis. Furthermore, the sorafenib-mediated suppression of immune effector cells, in particular the reduction of the CD8+ T cell subset along with the down-regulation of key immune cell markers such as chemokine CC motif receptor 7 (CCR7), CD26, CD69, CD25, and CXCR3, was not observed in axitinib-treated immune effector cells. Therefore, axitinib rather than sorafenib seems to be suitable for implementation in complex treatment regimens of cancer patients including immunotherapy.


This paper offers thoughts about challenges and lessons for the design of public policies that address natural hazards. Two basic points are made. One is that there has been a worldwide experiment in the search for solutions to problems posed by natural hazards. Different choices have been made regarding such things as the objectives of natural hazards policies, the mix of approaches in addressing problems posed by natural hazards, governance of hazards programs, and the scope of hazards-related policies. An understanding of the consequences of these choices provides a basis for tentative lessons. The second point is that changes in the political context and regulatory environment simultaneously place new constraints on governmental intervention and new demands for hazards policies. These trends necessitate a rethinking of the objectives for hazards policies and the role of different levels of government in fulfilling those objectives. The paper concludes with some principles that might be applied to future efforts to craft hazards policies.


OBJECTIVE
To review our experience in the endoscopic treatment of vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) in children with the subureteral injection of calcium hydroxyapatite (Coaptite).

METHODS
The serie includes thirteen children whose age ranged between 6 and 13 years. The Coaptite implant was injected subureterally to 20 ureteral units (UU) affected by VUR grades I-IV. VUR was unilateral in six patients (46%), bilateral in seven (54%). There were 7 primary cases and 6 secondary to bladder dysfunction and duplex systems.

RESULTS
Mean follow-up was 19 months (6-28 months). VUR was cured in 75% of cases after a single injection. A second injection resolved 2 out of 4 treated UU (50%) rendering a global success rate of 85%. This cure rate was achieved for 13 and 7 procedures treating primary and secondary VUR, respectively. 77% of patients reported no adverse events with only 23% of them complaining of transient mild lumbar and hypogastric discomfort limited to the first postoperative day. In 2 children postoperative urinary infection was detected.

CONCLUSIONS
Endoscopic subureteral injection with Coaptite is a simple technique well tolerated in children. In 85% of primary and secondary cases cure was achieved with minimal morbidity.


Systematic reviews provide answers to focused clinical questions through a rigorous and comprehensive methodology designed to limit bias [1]. The search for evidence to answer these questions therefore should be as thorough as resources permit [2]. As in other fields, systematic reviews of library and information science topics can answer questions in the field and inform best practices. This paper reports on the productivity of sources of evidence for such reviews and determines which are most efficient, alone and in combination.


ment in the competitive struggle between the big three insurance companies — the New York Life, the Equitable, and the Mutual Life. However, just what the system meant to his own company in terms of profits and competitive advantage is not evaluated and very little is said about its relevance to the more general policy argument then going on between the big three life insurance companies and the more conservative companies, especially the position taken by Jacob Greene of the Connecticut Mutual. Similarly, Perkins' role in the Morgan firm is not well defined. Background material (North's work on the relationship between the life insurance companies and the investment bankers at the turn of the century, Journal of Economic History, vol. XIV [Summer, 1954]) that could have been employed to make it clear why Perkins was so useful to both firms has not been used. Nor do we have a clear picture of Perkins' relationships with the other Morgan partners and the rest of the banking community. This omission is serious because the material on Perkins' activities in the steel company indicates support for the position of the muckrakers rather than the more recent view (Redlich, etc.) on the extent to which the investment bankers actually utilized their power. Finally, and most important, there is no clear position developed on the question of Perkins' role and influence in the Progressive Party after 1912, and especially in 1916. The middle western "radical" wing of the party (William Allen White, the Pinchots, Hiram Johnson, Harold Ickes, etc.) have insisted that Perkins planned to kill the Progressive Party if that would further his own ends. They have claimed that he wanted to be kingmaker in the election of 1916 and that the Progressive Party's aims were secondary to Perkins' own ambition. (William A. White, Biography of William Allen White [MacMillan & Co., 1946], 669 pp.; H. Ickes, "Who Killed the Progressive Party," American Historical Review, vol. XLVI [June, 1941].) The author provides us with a detailed account of Perkins' activities during this period but no insights into Perkins' motivation or over-all evaluation of the political and philosophical implications of his actions. Surely, if William Allen White considered Perkins a "sinister figure" in American affairs, his biographer should make his contributions to business methods and to American political development understandable in terms of his motivation and relative achievements.


This article examines the diva as a site of conflict, a film image that represents a rupture in the status quo and that questions the boundaries of socially constructed identities. Taking as its inspiration film and art historian Angela Dalle Vacche's interpretation of the modern, 'anti-conformist' Italian film diva rather than a model of classical Hollywood stardom and the diva as spectacle, the article argues that the film diva can be said to represent the crisis and ambiguity at the heart of a global social modernization. It also discusses various ways in which affect – the tension generated by the central character's indeterminate identity and pathos – can be presented visually. Matsumoto Toshio's 1969 angura film Bara no sōretsu/Funeral Parade of Roses presents Ikehata Shin'nosuke, better known as Peter, in the role of Eddie, a transvestite who performs as a drag queen in a notorious Shinjuku gay bar named Genet. Matsumoto's film is a fusion of experimental avant-garde self-reflexivity and psychological drama that deliberately aims to produce a defamiliarizing portrait of 1960s youth culture in Japan. Drawing on Matsumoto's art historical writing and Anton Giulio Bragaglia's 1911 manifesto on dynamism in the photographic image, the article asks whether the subversive metamorphosis enacted in Funeral Parade of Roses can be understood better via recourse to aesthetic theories on affective or so-called indeterminate images.


We know that patterns of domestic consumption are situated within broader systems of provision and that home appliances like the fridge freezer bridge between practices of cooking, shopping and eating, on one hand, and increasingly global systems of food production, distribution and diet on the other. In analysing the uses of fridge freezers in Hanoi and Bangkok as expressions, in microcosm, of complex and evolving processes of urbanisation and food provisioning, this article provides new insight into how specific configurations, dependencies and patterns of consumption take hold and how they vary and change. Our analysis of systems and practices in flux has the dual function of showing how household strategies reflect and contribute to more extensive transformations, and of demonstrating how these are shaped by ongoing tensions and relations between new and established forms of urban food supply and associated concepts of freshness and safety. The result is a subtle account of the multiple routes through which consumer 'needs' evolve.


Simple Summary Growing evidence has underscored the importance of assessing patient values, i.e., who or what matters most, in treatment decision making, yet which factors are important to family caregivers remains understudied. Using data from a 2021 national survey of U.S. cancer caregivers, we examined factors that caregivers considered important when partnering with patients during cancer treatment decision making. Caregivers ranked 15 factors on a 4-point Likert-scale from 'very unimportant' to 'very important'. The top 5 most frequently endorsed factors were patient quality of life, physical well-being, length of life, emotional well-being, and the opinions/feelings of oncology team. The endorsement of different factors as 'very important', particularly towards 'opinions/feelings of the oncology team' varied based on caregiver age, race, gender, and ethnicity. Future work is needed to determine how to best elicit and incorporate caregiver values and preferences into patient treatment decision making. Abstract Prioritizing patient values—who/what matters most—is central to palliative care and critical to treatment decision making. Yet which factors are most important to family caregivers in these decisions remains understudied. Using data from a U.S. national survey of cancer caregivers (N = 1661), we examined differences in factors considered very important by caregivers when partnering with patients in cancer treatment decision making by cancer stage and caregiver sociodemographics. Fifteen factors were rated on a 4-point Likert-scale from 'very unimportant' to 'very important.' Descriptive statistics were used to characterize caregiver factors and tabulate proportions of importance for each. Generalized linear mixed effect modeling was used to examine the importance of factors by cancer stage, and chi-square analyses were performed to determine associations between caregiver sociodemographics and the five most commonly endorsed factors: quality of life (69%), physical well-being (68%), length of life (66%), emotional well-being (63%), and opinions/feelings of oncology team (59%). Significant associations (all p's < 0.05) of small magnitude were found between the most endorsed factors and caregiver age, race, gender, and ethnicity, most especially 'opinions/feelings of the oncology team'. Future work is needed to determine the best timing and approach for eliciting and effectively incorporating caregiver values and preferences into shared treatment decision making.


I WOULD LIKE TO TALK about some of the things we are doing at the Medical College of Virginia (Virginia Commonwealth University) in nutrition education, especially for medical students, although we also teach nutrition to dental, pharmacy, and nursing students. I am a biochemist and teach a block of eight to 10 hours of lectures identified as "nutrition" in the first year of the medical curriculum. I teach that part of the nutritional biochemistry section of the first year course which, until last year, was part of a gastrointestinal section of our former organ systems curriculum, but is now in the discipline-oriented biochemistry course. The nutrition segment was the same in both. We also provide an elective in basic and applied nutrition for first-year students following these lectures, in which we do some interesting things, but I shall not talk about that today.


A vacuumizing hydraulic method for manufacturing helmet includes such steps as die pressing of engineering plastics to form external shell and internal shell, applying adhesive on the inner surface of external shell, sticking internal and external shells together, putting them in a sealed plastic bag, vacuumizing, putting them in a pressure container, filling hot water or oil, and pressurizing to stick them firmly.


We performed 42 simulations of first star formation with initial supersonic gas flows relative to the dark matter at the cosmic recombination era. Increasing the initial streaming velocities led to delayed halo formation and increased halo mass, enhancing the mass of the gravitationally shrinking gas cloud. For more massive gas clouds, the rate of temperature drop during contraction, in other words, the structure asymmetry, becomes more significant. When the maximum and minimum gas temperature ratios before and after contraction exceed about ten, the asymmetric structure of the gas cloud prevails, inducing fragmentation into multiple dense gas clouds. We continued our simulations until 105 years after the first dense core formation to examine the final fate of the massive star-forming gas cloud. Among the 42 models studied, we find the simultaneous formation of up to four dense gas clouds, with a total mass of about 2254 M⊙. While the gas mass in the host halo increases with increasing the initial streaming velocity, the mass of the dense cores does not change significantly. The star formation efficiency decreases by more than one order of magnitude from εIII ∼ 10−2 to 10−4 when the initial streaming velocity, normalised by the root mean square value, increases from 0 to 3.


We tested the ability of unsupervised machine learning approaches to separate an unknown number of artificial PD sources simultaneously acting, recorded by a multi-antenna system in the Ultra-High Frequeny range. Each pulse has been described with a minimum set of features and successively undergone to an unsupervised clustering procedure via Hierarchical Agglomerative Clustering (HAC) technique. The results have been compared, in a fully blind performance test, with those obtained from a cross-correlation analysis of the fully sampled pulses that clearly separates three groups of pulses radiated from the three PD sources. A limited set of mono-dimensional features (maximum amplitude, standard deviation, phase, power) shows a cluster detection accuracy of 58%. A different set of features (including maximum amplitude, standard deviation, phase, power, skewness value, kurtosis value), shows an accuracy of 64% while performance parameters as Precision and F1-Score show better results. Despite the sub-optimal results, the false-negative detection rate is low and the computational cost of this simplified approach is dramatically lower than the cross-correlation approach, thus allowing possible development in real-time supervising devices.


Map of the United States and part of Canada which shows Oregon Territory extending northwest [into modern day British Columbia]; Mexico encompassing the Southwest and Texas; areas of Indian habitation, individual U.S. states, major settlements, and military posts. Includes outline color and geographic features with relief shown by hachures. Scale not given.


This study aims to examine how Buddhist mindfulness meditation influences the ethical temperament of its practitioner at the workplace. By adopting a constructivist grounded theory approach, we found six elements of Buddhist mindfulness meditation and three mechanisms underlying the ethical temperament of the participants at the workplace. Our findings suggest that Buddhist mindfulness meditation helps practitioners pursue a spiritual purpose guided by moral principles. Moreover, it helps them to overcome temptations and pressures against moral actions and makes them sensitive to the wellbeing of others. This study advances the literature of Buddhist principles and workplace ethics by identifying the mechanism of ethical behavior at the workplace influenced by mindfulness meditation.


Modern geomatic technologies—and particularly geoscientific, digital, and online multimedia cartography—represent one response to the growing demand for climatic information by the scientific community and general users.

The Digital Climatic Atlas of Mexico (DCAM) fills the need to have readily accessible climate information about Mexico, Central America, and adjacent areas in preconfigured or user-configured georeferenced maps. The atlas provides information about the continental and oceanic climate, bioclimatic variables, and socioeconomic indicators (Figure 1).


* We would like to thank Jess Benhabib, Stephanie Schmitt-Grohe, and Martin Uribe for many helpful discussions. Any remaining errors are our own.


Objective To summarize concrete application and management experience of operation room digital broadcasting system. Methods The instruments selection that had extensive and expandable characteristic was carried out by the management concept of integration.ResultsConclusion Operation guard was realized by the establishment of digital operation room. It was available to advance operation efficiency, help expert in telediagnosis and telebroadcast and create medical information database.


Psychiatric disorders are among the most prevalent illnesses worldwide. Both medication and psychotherapy (alone or in combination) are evidence-based therapeutic steps in the treatment algorithm. In the past decades neurosurgical interventions for psychiatric disorders have attracted research interest and are sparsely introduced in the clinical field. The efficacy of these neurosurgical interventions (i.e. deep brain stimulation (DBS) and lesional neurosurgery) however remains under debate. We lack a full understanding of the pathophysiological basis of many psychiatric disorders. Researchers study multiple neuroanatomical targets within one psychiatric indication and multiple indications for electrical stimulation of one brain target. Stimulation parameter selection can still be improved.


The growth of the field of electric wave filters since their original discovery by Dr. G. A. Campbell shows the filtering action by no means inheres in any particular ph ysical configuration. Filters have been built, for example, as recurrent or non-recurrent ladder structures, as lattices, as bridged-T's, and in a variety of combinations of transformers with ordinary elements. No general theory uniting all these configurations has, however, been developed. Each structure has been treated by methods which are primarily adapted to that configuration alone. In consequence, such questions as the relations between filters of different types and the possibilities of securing improved characteristics by going to a still wider variety of configurations have remainedunsettled.


Objectives: To investigate the effects of 24 weeks of whole‐body‐vibration (WBV) training on knee‐extension strength and speed of movement and on counter‐movement jump performance in older women.


Duncan's 1972 instrument was completed by 118 Project Managers to investigate perceived environmental uncertainty (PEU). Factor analysis indicates significant loadings on three factors corresponding to Milliken 's (1987) state, effect, and response uncertainty. Measures of project manager performance were found to be differentially associ-ated with total PEU and its disaggregated components of state, effect, and response uncertainty.


Nowadays 3D concepts are tightly related to our lives. However one of the challenges for 3D applications is the huge amount of datasets. Therefore data reduction is critical for the increasing applications, especially for limited memory and storage space devices, e.g. mobile phone. In this paper, we propose an approach of 3D model simplification for mobile phone based navigation application. This method is developed based on the data from 3D models of Finnish pavilion. Our objectives are to reduce the model to the reasonable size and keep original appearance and realize the localization of data storage for the display, rendering and navigating on mobile phone. We use 2D projections of 3D data and line sweeping methods to extract the key points of models and data reduce to almost 4 percent of the original data. As a result, the indoor models of Finnish pavilion are successfully shown and apply for indoor navigation.


We define and study the properties of channels which are analogous to unital qubit channels in several ways. A full treatment can be given only when the dimension d = pm a prime power, in which case each of the d + 1 mutually unbiased bases (MUB) defines an axis. Along each axis the channel looks like a depolarizing channel, but the degree of depolarization depends on the axis. When d is not a prime power, some of our results still hold, particularly in the case of channels with one symmetry axis. We describe the convex structure of this class of channels and the subclass of entanglement breaking channels. We find new bound entangled states for d = 3. For these channels, we show that the multiplicativity conjecture for maximal output p-norm holds for p = 2. We also find channels with behaviour not exhibited by unital qubit channels, including two pairs of orthogonal bases with equal output entropy in the absence of symmetry. This provides new numerical evidence for the additivity of minimal output entropy.


Article Title: What's the Use of Use?: Return on Investment Strategies for Consortial DDA Programs Authors: Bart Harloe, Pat Hults, and Adam Traub Journal: Journal of Library Admistration Bibliometrics: Volume 55, Issue 3, Pages 249–259 DOI: 10.1080/01930826.2015.1034055 In the original article, the locations for the affiliations of Pat Hults and Adam Traub were incorrectly listed. The correct information should be: PAT HULTS Manager of Technical Services, Rensselaer Libraries, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA ADAM TRAUB Electronic Resources Librarian, RIT Libraries, Rochester, NY, USA The authors apologize for any inconvenience caused.


Study method,experimentation and numerical analysis method of plates and surface ships are reviewed in the light of investigation of the related literatures on both domestic and abroad.The situation of study work of destroys and the vacant field of surface ship is also reviewed on the base of the advance of domestic and abroad.The conclusions and problems for further work are presented.


Throughout the XXth century arms have not only been tradable goods, but also foreign policy instruments. This paper focuses on countries supplying major conventional weapons (MCW), and investigates whether changes in political conditions impact the quantity of MCW supplied to third countries. In particular, I concentrate on democratic exporters and estimate a gravity-type panel TOBIT for the years 1975-2004. Results suggest that the exporter's chief executive being right-wing has a positive and significant impact on MCW exports. This may reect a general right-wing tendency to support national industry and deregulate heavy industry exports. I also find that higher political competition is associated with higher MCW exports, and that executives serving the last year of their current term tend to increase MCW exports if they cannot be re-elected, and to decrease MCW exports if they run for re-election.


This document is intended to stimulate discussion on the desirability of scientifically examining the case for a revision of the current system of braille contractions and abbreviations. It has been prepared jointly by the Research Centre for the Education of the Visually Handicapped (Dr. M.J. Tobin) and the Warwick Research Unit for the Blind (Prof. J. L. Douce). These two research groups are considering the joint project described, combining expertise in the problems of braille perception, teaching, learning and transcription. Any comments, of a general or specific nature, should be sent to Prof. J. L. Douce, Warwick Research Unit for the Blind, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL or Dr. M. J. Tobin, Research Centre for the Education of the Visually Handicapped, University of Birmingham, 50 Wellington Road, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2EP. It is now 20 years since the last major re-appraisal of Standard English Braille was undertaken by the National Uniform Type Committee. That re-appraisal centered round the Lochhead and Lorimer study of the frequency values of all contractions in Grade 2 braille. Despite the highly practical proposals put forward by the authors, it is true to say that no significant changes emerged. Since that time, various developments have been under way, three of which seem especially pertinent. One of these can be described as a gathering, if rarely articulated, dissatisfaction with the difficulties, anomalies, and inconsistencies of Standard English Grade 2 Braille, particularly as they affect the learning of braille by congenitally blind children of average and below average ability and by newly-blinded adults who have been inkprint readers before the onset of blindness. Another has been a general concern with the improvement of reading efficiency among sighted readers, many ot whom have received instruction __ in reading


Inefficiency of the customs regulation system, imperfection of the existing system of monitoring of export-import operations, low level of observance of budgetary discipline, shadow economy requires updating of methodical approaches to improvement of the customs control system. The purpose of the article is to form strategic initiatives for the development of customs control in the financial security system of the state with the using of GAP-analysis tools. The methodological basis of the study is the use of methods of analysis and synthesis, comparison, methodological tools of GAP-analysis. The object of the study is the patterns of development of the customs control mechanism in the system of financial security of the state. The subject of the study is the methodological principles of customs control in the system of financial security of the state. The purpose of the GAP analysis of customs control in the financial security system is to identify potential sources of increased customs duties to the budget under the influence of the external environment. The information base for the calculation of GAP-gaps is the amount of customs duties collected by the State Tax Service to the consolidated budget, and the targets set by the Law of Ukraine "On State Budget". The methodical approach to identifying, assessing and eliminating strategic gaps as an object of customs control, during the study of financial security, has been improved on the basis of GAP-analysis tools. In contrast to the existing approaches, in this case the value of the calculated GAP-gaps between the planned and actually received amounts of customs revenues to the state budget is defined as a control indicator. The author's approach proposed in the article provides an assessment of the causes of strategic gaps and allows to form strategic initiatives for the development of customs control in the system of financial security of the state, related to the structure of its mechanism.


Mining coal has demed the ecological environment much more. Nowaday, in many countries controlling the coal mines and adjusting the industrial structure have been an inevitable way to keep a stable growth and a sustained development in the national economy. In this article the author mainly introduces to us how the mode of circle economy has been successfully applied in controlling the German mines and what we have got from the mode.


We investigate the optical response of the silicene and similar materials, such as germanene, in the presence of an electrically tunable band gap for variable doping. The interplay of spin orbit coupling, due to the buckled structure of these materials, and a perpendicular electric field gives rise to a rich variety of phases: a topological or quantum spin Hall insulator, a valley-spin-polarized metal and a band insulator. We show that the dynamical conductivity should reveal signatures of these different phases which would allow for their identification along with the determination of parameters such as the spin orbit energy gap. We find an interesting feature where the electric field tuning of the band gap might be used to switch on and off the Drude intraband response. Furthermore, in the presence of spin-valley coupling, the response to circularly polarized light as a function of frequency and electric field tuning of the band gap is examined. Using right- and left-handed circular polarization it is possible to select a particular combination of spin and valley index. The frequency for this effect can be varied by tuning the band gap.


Initial findings on the effects of digital technologies on school-age learners This paper offers an account of the preliminary findings accumulated during the first phase of the project, which focuses on the effects of technologies on learners. The main objective is to take stock of the existing empirical evidence and identifying areas that would benefit from further exploration in the current phase.


Aim: Campylobacter spp. is recognized as the most common bacterial
cause of human gastroenteritis worldwide. Poultry meat is considered to
be a major source of C. jejuni and C. coli. However, partly due to the
lack of appropriate animal model of infection, it is still not clear
whether all of food isolates are virulent and can cause disease in
humans. The aim of this study was to affirm possible virulence
differences of Campylobacter spp. from different origin in a previously
established mouse model. Methods: BALB/c mice were intravenously
infected with four different Campylobacter strains. Three different
strains of C. jejuni (two isolates recovered from diarrhoeal patients
and one poultry derived isolate), and one C. coli (human clinical
isolate) were tested. Infected mice were sacrificed at different time
points and the number of recovered bacteria (CFU/organ) in the organ
homogenates (spleen and liver) was determined. Result:. The isolates
were differentially virulent for mice according to different numbers of
bacteria recovered from the examined organs. The highest numbers of
bacteria were recovered from livers and spleens of animals infected
with food isolate of C. jejuni. C. coli showed the least virulence
potential. Conclusions: Campylobacter spp., a major human enteric
pathogen, exhibits significant strain-to-strain differences in
pathogenic potential in a mouse model. Mouse virulence of tested
strains showed a trend toward food isolate indicating chicken meat
associated risk of campylobacteriosis.


Culture is the soul of tourism.the low quality of rural tourism root causes is caused by the weak of the rural tourism and cultural connotation.It's a keenly promoted synergies in the process of all to strengthen the cultural connotations of rural tourism.From the perspective of the dynamic analysis,the rural elite is the role of the construction and deconstruction in the construction of cultural connotations of rural tourism,taking the revival of Bamboo Dragon as example.To address and respond to rural tourism and cultural connotation construction,a balance of power should boost rural tourism and cultural elite connotation of cultural construction;Second,we must strengthen the unity of the elite and the people,encourage community participation in construction of rural tourism and cultural connotations.


The Sino-Soviet Alliance was the pivotal point in the Sino-Soviet relations,one of the most important bilateral relations in the 20th century.With the declassification of files in both China and Russia,and the publication of related materials,important progress has been made in scholarly research on the signing of the Treaty and its impacts.And the causes of the Sino-Soviet split have been examined in greater depth at both macro-and micro-levels.The new findings may lead to important conclusions concerning the Sino-Soviet relations,and to our rethinking some major theoretic issues of foreign affairs in the New China.


Civil registration practice usually requires records to be kept for a very long time, or even in perpetuity. Digitization has raised the matter of the (non-)longevity of digital records because of frequent, ongoing changes in hard-and software. This has not been on the radar of the enthusiasts of digital ID. It is not-for example-addressed in the World Bank-initiated 'Principles on Identification' (endorsed by more than two dozen other organizations). Record management has been identified as a vulnerability of the Aadhaar system in India in which more than a billion people have been enrolled. The currently boisterous expectations re digital ID threaten to negatively impact civil registration, including its irreplaceable legal purpose and the importance of the preservation of records of legal identity. The article concludes with an illustration using a World Bank-funded project for Tonga, the Pacific Island country with just over 100,000 inhabitants.