Communication and operation system with high automation and flexibility is one of the most important parts of the smart grid.Combining with main technical characteristics of wireless multimedia sensor and actor networks(WMSANs),the potential applications of WMSANs in distributed power plant,transmission line,substation,industrial architecture,commercial architecture and residential consumers are discussed.Meanwhile,the use of WMSANs for the power grid there yet exist several challenges,such as link quality,latency,video streaming,decision and control algorithms etc.,they are to be solved.


Supplemental Digital Content is Available in the Text. Distinguishing sensory and cognitive aspects of pain-related insular activity and the temporal profile of anterior insula activity suggested a key role of cognitive modulation. Abstract Introduction: Pain is a complex experience influenced by sensory and psychological factors. The insula is considered to be a core part of the pain network in the brain. Previous studies have suggested a relationship between the posterior insula (PI) and sensory processing, and between the anterior insula (AI) and cognitive–affective factors. Objectives: Our aim was to distinguish sensory and cognitive responses in pain-related insular activities. Methods: We recorded spatiotemporal insular activation patterns of healthy participants (n = 20) during pain or tactile processing with painful or nonpainful movie stimuli, using a magnetoencephalography. We compared the peak latency between PI and AI activities in each stimulus condition, and between pain and tactile processing in each response. The peak latency and amplitude between different movies were then examined to explore the effects of cognitive influence. A visual analogue scale was used to assess subjective perception. Results: The results revealed one clear PI activity and 2 AI activities (early and late) in insular responses induced by pain/tactile stimulation. The early response transmitted from the PI to AI was observed during sensory-associated brain activity, whereas the late AI response was observed during cognitive-associated activity. In addition, we found that painful movie stimuli had a significant influence on both late AI activity and subjective perception, caused by nonpainful actual stimulation. Conclusions: The current findings suggested that late AI activation reflects the processing of cognitive pain information, whereas the PI and early AI responses reflect sensory processing.


The Varieties of Consciousness draws on many of Uriah Kriegel's previous publications on phenomenology (the "what it is like" for an individual to undergo any given experience) whilst developing new arguments. In this review, I'll initially discuss the main aims, arguments, and assumptions advanced by the author. I'll then discuss the structure of the book before briefly focusing on its main contribution to the literature. I'll end by turning to what I take to be two weaknesses of this work. The main aim of this work is to allow us to better understand and describe our conscious lives. Kriegel aims to do this by accounting for the different phenomenal kinds needed to describe our stream of consciousness. However, rather than providing a comprehensive list of each and every type of phenomenology, Kriegel focuses on accounting for the types of phenomenology to which all others are reducible – primitive phenomenologies. Therefore, Kriegel's aim is to provide a minimal list of the phenomenologies which can account for our conscious lives, and the main question that motivates this book is:


This paper tries to compare the diversities of endophytic bacteria from Bt transgenic cotton and its parent cotton,and provides basic data for the biosafety evaluation of Bt transgenic cotton.Endophytic bacteria were isolated separately from the stems of two cottons(Zhongmian 30,Bt transgenic cotton,TC;Zhongmian 16,contrast non-transgenic parent,CC) by culture-dependent method.16S rDNAs were amplified with universal primers of bacteria,and PCR products were digested with restriction endoenzyme Hha I and Rsa I respectively,than analyzed by RFLP analysis.The results showed that endophytic bacteria content was 105 cfu/g.There were 10 OTUs(operational taxonomic units) in the stems of Bt transgenic cotton and 9 OTUs in contrast parent cotton.The 16S rDNA sequences of 12 respective strains were identified and submitted to GenBank.16S rDNA sequencing indicated that the dominant genera of Bt transgenic cotton are Microbacterium and Curtobacterium.The predominance families of corresponding receptor cotton are Curtobacterium and Enterobacter.Bt transgenic cotton did not bring harmful effects upon the number and diversity of endophytic bacteria in stems.


Potassium tantalate niobate (KTa1-xNbxO3, KTN) crystals with different dimensions and quality situations were grown by Czochralski method. Crystal growth process and morphology properties of KTN are presented in this paper. It was found that some defects, such as bubble, inclusion, crack, dislocation etc., can all appear if the crystal is grown in an improper condition. The character and formation mechanism of such defects in macro growth are discussed. We consider that the CO2, which was not released absolutely during the sintering process and dissolved in the melt, led to bubbles. The composition of the inclusion caused by high pulling and rotation rates is KTN polycrystalline. The crack and dislocation in KTN crystal mainly come from improper temperature field. Etching and high-resolution X-ray diffraction (HRXRD) experiment results indicate that the central area is the defects concentrated. PACS: 81.10.Fq


This essay addresses persistence and success of an underrepresented group enrolled in college who are white, working-class first-generation students. The discussion examines these college students and the challenges they face. The discussion analyzes why first-generation college students persist while others do not. Additionally, the discussion explores issues of access to some public universities due to socioeconomic status backgrounds and rising costs of higher education. Finally, the discussion examines programs used at many colleges and universities which support first-generation students and how this information can be employed to assist white, working-class first-generation college students to persist and succeed in higher education. Introduction Globalization and the rapid changes of technology have created a need for high-level work-related skills, which at a minimum require a four-year college degree. College has become an expensive venture, and the reward of attending college is a major influence why many students enroll (Smith & Zhang, 2009). The issue is while students enroll in four-year institutions, only 60% complete a bachelor's degree within six years (ACT Research and Policy, 2013). Within this group, there is an underrepresented group who are first-generation students. First-generation students make up approximately 34% of college or university's freshmen population (Stuber, 2011). While approximately one-third of first-generation students enter these institutions, only 73% return in their second year (Stebleton & Soria, 2012; Stuber, 2011). Additionally, this group will continue to increase (Forbus, Newbold, & Mehta, 2011; Longwell-Grice & Longwell-Grice, 2008). Research on this group primarily focused on low-income, first- generation students. There is little research conducted on first-generation students who are white and come from a working-class background. This group is challenged academically and socially in college (Forbus, Newbold, & Mehta, 2011; Thering, 2012). Stuber (2011) stated this student population falls below the educational institution's radar screen because they are profiled as a "racial majority and socioeconomic minority" (p. 120). What characterizes white, working-class, first-generation students? What are these first-generation students saying about college life? Why do most white, working-class, first-generation students persist while others do not? This discussion will explore what differentiates this student population, the challenges they face as they persist in the college environment, and how and why these students do persist. Additionally, the discussion will examine access to higher education and student-centered strategies to help this group succeed. Defining the White, Working-Class, First-Generation College Student What characterizes white, working-class, first-generation college students? For this discussion, 'white' is defined as being part of the white race (Stuber, 2011). Working-class is defined as students who have parents employed in occupations that require lower-level skills, lower pay, and do not need a college degree (Longwell-Grice & Longwell-Grice, 2008; Stuber, 2011). First-generation college students are defined as having parents who do not possess a college degree (Forbus, Newbold, & Mehta, 2011; Longwell-Grice & Longwell-Grice, 2008; Stebleton & Soria, 2012; Stuber, 2011). With a multitude of definitions that encompass this group, there are many challenges white, working-class, first-generation college students' face. The Challenges The complex challenges white, working-class, first-generation college students face include financial and emotional difficulties, and academic and social experiences (Forbus, Newbold, & Mehta, 2011; Stebleton & Soria, 2012; Thering, 2012; Wiggins, 2011). The financial constraints some students experience puts them in a position to commute back and forth to school instead of living on campus. …


The major importance of forests is critical to the survival on planet Earth. Forests are threatened by a lot of dangers and all of us have to contribute to the fight for their survival. The methodology of school research on pine woods which is described below, aims to cultivate more sensitive, educated and activated students, by accordingly specialized teachers who are going to organize the educational background, also to decide techniques and materials for the easiest and most effective learning, for the cultivation of values, attitudes and friendly behaviors towards forests. The suggested methodology is based on the findings of a European Comenius Program and two Programs of Environmental Education. The research usually takes place in a pine land, by using a worksheet as experimental tool, and focuses on the vitality of the trees, the biodiversity, the effects of pollution and other cultural elements related to the pine bio-community. There is also a lot of informative discussion and research over cultural, social and economical factors with locals and specialists.


The method of zone recrystallization with a temperature gradient (ZRTG) provides quasi-equilibrium conditions of growth and makes it possible to obtain perfect epitaxial films of different semiconductor materials. The authors investigated the possibility of the ZRTG method for growing silicon and gallium arsenide films on moving orienting and nonorienting substrates. The growth from a solution in a melt on a moving substrate was unstable. The instability is associated with the trapping of the liquid phase from the container. In the static state, however, it was possible to obtain large-block textured silicon and gallium arsenide films on graphite substrates.


Thirty-nine patients with intrahepatic gallstones whom we treated over the past 12 years were analyzed according to a new classification of disease type. The patients included 54% IE, 26% IE, 18% I and 3% IE in relation to disease type, and 38% LR, 23% L, 18% R, 13% LR and 8% LR in relation to hepatic lobe. Stenosis of the bile duct was found in 86% of I cases and 28% of IE cases; also, stenosis was frequent among R or LR cases. Final surgery consisted of incision of the common bile duct and implantation of a T-shaped tube in 10 patients, plasty of the papilla in two, anastomosis of the common bile duct to the duodenum in four, cholangiojejunostomy in 12, and hepatectomy in 11. Thirty eight percent of these patietns had remaining gallstones at the time of discharge, and the long-term results were good in 53%, rather good in 24%, and poor in 24% of the patients. The rate of remaining gallstones in relation to the type of surgery was as low as 10% for hepatectomy but as high as 75% for cholangiojejunostomy, with a high incidence among I or IE cases of type LR. Among 21 patients with remaining gallstones, the stone was eliminated by left lobectomy in one and by postoperative treatment in five. Cholangioscopic lithotomy or a combination of cholangioscopy with lavage proved useful.


The role of hypertension and the renin‐angiotensin system (RAS) in sex‐related differences in the course of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and congestive heart failure (CHF) remain unclear, especially when the two diseases are combined. In male and female Ren‐2 transgenic rats (TGR), a model of hypertension with activation of endogenous RAS, CKD was induced by 5/6 renal mass reduction (5/6 NX) and CHF was elicited by volume overload achieved by creation of an aorto‐caval fistula (ACF). The primary aim of the study was to examine long‐term CKD‐ and CHF‐related mortality, especially in animals with CKD and CHF combined, with particular interest in the potential sex‐related differences. The follow‐up period was 23 weeks after the first intervention (5/6 NX). We found, first, that TGR did not exhibit sexual dimorphism in the course of 5/6 NX‐induced CKD. Second, in contrast, TGR exhibited important sex‐related differences in the course of ACF‐induced CHF‐related mortality: intact female TGR showed higher survival rate than male TGR. This situation is reversed in the course of combined 5/6 NX‐induced CKD and ACF‐induced CHF‐related mortality: intact female TGR exhibited poorer survival than male TGR. Third, the survival rate in animals with combined 5/6 NX‐induced CKD and ACF‐induced CHF was significantly worsened as compared with rat groups that were exposed to 'single organ disease'. Collectively, our present results clearly show that CKD aggravates long‐term mortality of animals with CHF. In addition, TGR exhibit remarkable sexual dimorphism with respect to CKD‐ and CHF‐related mortality, especially in animals with combined CKD and CHF.


High altitude scientific balloons have been used for many years to provide scientists with access to near space at a fraction of the cost of satellite based or sounding rocket experiments. In recent years, these balloons have been successfully used for long duration missions of up to 40 days. Longer missions, with durations of up to 100 days (Ultra Long), are in the planning stages. An enabling technology for the growth of the scientific balloon missions is the use of the NASA Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System (TDRSS) for telemetering the health, status, position and payload science data to mission operations personnel. The TDRS System provides global coverage by relaying the data through geostationary relay satellites to ground stations in White Sands New Mexico and Guam. Data passes from the White Sands station to the user via commercial telecommunications services including the Internet. A forward command link can also be established to the balloon for real-time command and control. With the development of higher gain antenna systems from NASA's Wallops Flight Facility (WFF), the data rates through TDRSS will be increased significantly on LDB balloon flights. Data rates of up to 150 kbps through the TDRSS Multiple Access service can be accomplished. With these increased data rates, not only can scientists receive more real-time data throughput, but other important information can be multiplexed into the telemetry stream. This paper describes the long and ultra-long balloon missions and the role that TDRSS communications plays in mission success. More importantly, it discusses the capability of sending more real-time scientific data on long duration missions through the TDRS System.


and similarly for the right topological centre Z(r)(A′′). The algebra A is said to be Arens regular if Z(`)(A′′) = Z(r)(A′′) = A′′ and strongly Arens irregular if Z(`)(A′′) = Z(r)(A′′) = A. For example, every C∗-algebra is Arens regular [2]. There has been a great deal of study of these two algebras, especially in the case where A is the group algebra L(G) for a locally compact group G. Results on the second dual algebras of L(G) are given in [2, 16, 17], for example. More recently, the three participants have studied [5] the second dual of a semigroup algebra; here S is a semigroup, and our Banach algebra is A = (` (S), ?). We see that the second dual A′′ can be identified with the space M(βS) of complex-valued, regular Borel measures on βS, the Stone–Cech compactification of S. In fact, (βS, ) is itself a subsemigroup of (M(βS), ). (See [15] for background on (βS, ).) Let A be a Banach algebra which is strongly Arens irregular, and let V be a subset of A′′. Then V is determining for the topological centre if Φ ∈ A for each Φ ∈ A′′ such that Φ Ψ = Φ ♦ Ψ (Ψ ∈ V ). Recently it has become clear that various 'small' subsets of A′′ are determining for the topological centre in the case of some of the above algebras. For example, in [5], we showed that, for a wide class of semigroups including all cancellative semigroups, there are just two points in the space βS that are determining for the topological centre of ` 1(S)′′. For an extension of these results to the case of various weighted convolution algebras, see [4] and [3]. Let G be a locally compact group. The measure algebra M(G) of G has also been much studied. This algebra is the multiplier algebra of the group algebra L(G). Even in the case where G is the circle group T,


Fosaprepitant dimeglumine is a new drug indicated to prevent nausea and vomiting associated with highly emetogenic cisplatin-based and moderately emetogenic cancer chemotherapy in adults. Due to its complexity in managing, since it requires reconstitution and dilution before intraveonous administration, it is necessary to evalu- ate physico-chemical stability of fosaprepitant at concentrations used in our routine clinical practice and at differ- ent conditions of storage to expand the information datasheet (fosaprepitant 150 mg in 150 mL of 0.9 g/dl sodium chloride (NaCl) at ambient conditions and light for 24 hours) and simplify preparation technique conforming to the fluid marketed branches. These studies should be carried out following the recommendations International Confer- ence on Harmonisation (ICH) guidelines for evaluate stability and the criteria of the United States Pharmacopeia to maintain quality and safety of the preparation. So, stability study of fosaprepitant 150 mg in 50, 100 and 250 mL of 0.9 g/dl NaCl at room temperature/refrigerated and protective from/exposed to ambient light has been carried out. An HPLC method has been developed and validated according to ICH guidelines to evaluate chemical stability of fosaprepitant. Physical stability study has been carried out by visual inspection, measure of pH and gravimetry to control evaporation. The results shown in this paper represent the first evidence of the physico-chemical stability of the mixtures of fosaprepitant 150 mg in 50, 100 and 250 mL of 0.9 g/dl NaCl are physico-chemically stable for 7 days at room temperature (27.0 ± 0.9°C) and refrigerated (4.9 ± 1.5°C); and exposed to ambient light, 15 days at room temperature and refrigerated and protected from light and 12 days fosaprepitant reconstituted and stored refriger- ated and exposed to light.


Abstract Aggressive and sexual behaviour in entire males and females were studied on 408 pigs. The sum of aggressive interactions in the pen during routine feeding (ALP) was lowest in single-sex pens with females. ALP was higher at 132 than at 155 days. High ALP correlated with high average growth rate. Aggressive interactions in a competition test (IA) increased after slaughter of the three fastest-growing pigs in a pen (at 155 days), although the slaughtered pigs had initiated the most IA earlier (at 132 days). Entire male pigs displayed more sexual behaviour (mounting) than females. In 15% of entire males and 6% of females there were health problems specifically involving lameness or injured legs or feet. Five entire males and one female were euthanized in response to lameness or leg fracture. The rearing of entire male pigs may cause welfare problems, given their higher levels of aggression and sexual behaviour.


Most radiologists are eligible for the meaningful use program, says Keith J. Dreyer, DO, PhD. So don't be tempted by the hardship exemption.


In the artical,we constructed a new conflict system based on Pawlak's conflict system.In the new conflict system,it introduced the information system and the accepted scheme of each agent,the information system and the accepted scheme of the field experts,constrained conditions of different issues and accepted scheme of conflict system.At the same time,the algorithm for computing the accepted scheme of the conflict system is proposed.Finally,an example is used to illustrated the efficientness of the new conflict system model.


The present invention discloses a method for preparing a high strength and styrene-butadiene rubber, styrene-butadiene rubber which is mainly made of the following components in parts by weight: 90-110 parts of styrene-butadiene rubber; 2 to 5 parts of methacrylic acid; initiator 0.4 to 0.8 parts; 2-5 parts stearate. The styrene-butadiene rubber having excellent strength and low-temperature property, weatherability, wire and cable products suitable for the preparation of high quality.


An information processing apparatus (1) includes a processing execution unit (19) that, if a positional-relationship specification unit (18) detects that a positional relationship between an electronic device (2) and the own apparatus is held continuously for a predetermined time or longer, references a processing specification table (17), specifies processing, and executes the specified processing.


In recent times, Non-linear loads now flourish in homes, offices and within the industrial environment. These Non-linear loads form a key component of the total loading in a typical electrical network. The Compact Fluorescent Lamp (CFL)is a typical example of a non-linear load that essentiallyproduces and introduces distorted currents into the electrical power network, which has the potency to create adverse consequences if appropriate and adequate harmonicalleviation techniques are not employed. CFLs are now a major component of the luminary market in Nigeria because of the obvious need to phase out Incandescent Lamps (ILs). However, there are genuine concerns over the quality of some CFLs in the market. This study examines and compares the quality of some major brands of CFLs, in terms of their working parameters such as power factor, harmonic content, fundamental power factor, apparent power and non-active power. The broader implication of these results is ascertained by looking into the effects Large Scale Installation of CFLs would have on a generalized electrical network. This study shows that CFLs with high harmonic currents raises the requirements of the source and other network components, as well as place a significant strain on them, since they draw a higher current and also consume a higher apparent power and non-active power than is required for normal power delivery. It is also found that voltage harmonic limits can exceed the IEEE limit of 5% as the number of CFLs deployed is increased. This situation is more manifest if CFLs with higher current harmonic content are deployed. Keywords-Compact Fluorescent Lamps, Harmonics,Non-linear Loads, Power Factor, Power Quality, Total Harmonic Distortion -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Date of Submission: 22-06-2019 Date of acceptance: 05-07-2019 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


Programming by demonstration applications highlight the need for inductive learners that minimize the burden of labeling on the user. Active learning and sample selection are garnering more attention as the cost of labeling training instances becomes a recognized factor. We show however that version spaces cannot be used with sample selection without risking a deadlock. We present a three-valued version spaces algorithm for the purpose of systematic exploration of a concept space in a sample selection environment. This novel algorithm bridges a gap between existing version space models and sample selection requirements, by redefining version spaces functions for sample selection semantics. We propose an execution method for three-valued version spaces allowing systematic exploration and bypassing the deadlock.


The invention relates to a novel isosorbide mononitrate micro-porous osmotic pump controlled-release preparation and a preparation method thereof. The preparation comprises a medicated tablet core, and a semipermeable controlled-release membrane coating the tablet core. The tablet core contains isosorbide mononitrate, general osmotic pressure active substance, delayed-release micro pills permeating the active substance and filler; the semipermeable membrane comprises cellulose acetate and a pore-foaming agent. The invention further relates to a preparation method of the controlled-release preparation. The most important characteristic of the invention is that the delayed-release micro pill having certain time lag and permeating the active substance is added into the table core, so as to supplement osmotic pressure in a pump chamber at late period of release and promote further release of the drug, thus, the pharmaceutics requirement that end release residue in the pump chamber is not more than 5% is fulfilled, meanwhile, zero-order release of drug is guaranteed, plasma drug concentration is steady, frequency of use is reduced for the patient, and safety of medication, effectiveness and patient compliance are all improved.


Two patients with macroglobulinemia refractory to alkylating agent therapy did have an objective response to therapy with doxorubicin. For patients refractory to alkylating agents, doxorubicin is an alternative to other alkylating agents or procarbazine.


This article explores the extent to which economic development, ethnic and religious fractionalization, domestic governance, and international trade openness affect civil war in postcolonial Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) from 1950 through 1992. Copyright (c) 2005 by the Southwestern Social Science Association.


R-calculus is a formal revision calculus system which can formally deduce R-contraction. R-contraction is the axiom system's maximal subset that is consistent with the refutations by facts. In this paper, we prove that computing R-contraction for propositional logic is hard by two steps. Firstly, we prove that computing R-contraction is at least as hard as its decision problem. Secondly, we prove that the decision problem of computing R-contraction is NP-complete by presenting that the satisfiability problem, a known NP-complete problem, can polynomially reduce to it. So for this problem, we should direct our efforts at developing efficient heuristic algorithms or some other technology such as human-computer interaction.


Neutral beam ion sources (NBIS) are critical components for the neutral beam injection system supporting the DIII-D tokamak. The NBIS must be cooled with 3028 l/m (800 gpm) of de-ionized and de-oxygenated water to protect the sources from overheating and failure. These ion sources are currently irreplaceable. Since the water cooled molybdenum components will oxidize in water almost instantaneously in the presence of dissolved oxygen (DO), de-oxygenation is extremely important in the NBIS water system. Under normal beam operation the DO level is kept below 5 ppb. However, during weeknights and weekends when neutral beam is not in operation, the average DO level is maintained below 10 ppb by periodic circulation with a 74.6 kW (100 hp) pump, which consumes significant power. Experimental data indicated evidence of continuous oxygen diffusion through non-metallic hoses in the proximity of the NBIS. Because of the intermittent flow of the cooling water, the DO concentration at the ion source(s) could be even higher than measured downstream, and hence the concern of significant localized oxidation/corrosion. A new 3.73 kW (5 hp) auxiliary system, installed in the summer of 2003, is designed to significantly reduce the peak and the time-average DO levels in the water system and to consume only a fraction of the power.


This article focuses on the accession of the eastern European countries to the European Union in light of the ongoing Intergovernmental Conference, whose outcome will be critical in accommodating them any time soon. After a brief sketch of the governance and institutional backdrop to the Conference, the article draws the broad canvas against which the accession of transition economies needs to be viewed. The economic and political rationale for entertaining yet another round of accessions is dealt with next. Then it examines the salient elements of the negotiations revolving around the eventual entry of the ten eastern countries with a Europe Agreement. It discusses in particular the criteria for accession, the political economy of accession negotiations, the probable date of entry, the complexity of the issues at stake, the number and diversity of potential entrants, and the desirability of creating a longer term facility to accommodate the transition economies. Before concluding with some critical policy issues, the final section points to the need for putting into place a coherent pre-transition strategy.


Eugen Wuster's posthumous handbook of terminology has had three separate editions in the original German, and each has its own preface, written by various authorities involved in the field. Analysis of these prefaces shows an unmistakable progression. The first simply recounts how the handbook was completed following the author's death. The second presents the handbook as a response to those who criticize Wuster's theoretical stance. The third places the work in the bigger picture of the history of linguistics and presents it as the inauguration of a new branch of linguistics applied to language for special purposes. These viewpoints, completed by contemporary German-language sources, shed light on the way Wuster's legacy is perceived in Central Europe and thereby put French-language criticisms into perspective.


In a recent paper entitled, "COVID-19 Related School Closings and Risk of Weight Gain Among Children" Rundle et al. (2020) proposed the COVID-19 pandemic may increase obesity among American children because the pandemic, "will likely double out-of-school time this year for many children in the United States and will exacerbate the risk factors for weight gain associated with summer recess" (pg. 1). I add support to Rundle et al.'s argument by demonstrating that doubling of out-of-school time alone may lead to a sizable increase in childhood obesity.


The US' imposition of sanctions on Myanmar military leaders over Rohingya abuses is a huge victory for human rights advocacy groups.


As high-quality Malay language resources are still a scarcity, cross lingual word embeddings make it possible for richer English resources to be leveraged for downstream Malay text classification tasks. This paper focuses on creating an English-Malay cross-lingual word embeddings using embedding alignment by exploiting existing language resources. We augmented the training bilingual lexicons using machine translation with the goal to improve the alignment precision of our cross-lingual word embeddings. We investigated the quality of the current state-of-the-art English-Malay bilingual lexicon and worked on improving its quality using Google Translate. We also examined the effect of Malay word coverage on the quality of cross-lingual word embeddings. Experimental results with a precision up till 28.17% show that the alignment precision of the cross-lingual word embeddings would inevitably degrade after 1-NN but a better seed lexicon and cleaner nearest neighbours can reduce the number of word pairs required to achieve satisfactory performance. As the English and Malay monolingual embeddings are pre-trained on informal language corpora, our proposed English-Malay embeddings alignment approach is also able to map non-standard Malay translations in the English nearest neighbours.


This article considers the problem of spectral synthesis for operators with a complete system of root vectors. Criteria for the existence of spectral synthesis are given. A criterion for spectral synthesis in terms of geometrical properties of the system of eigenvectors is established for operators with simple spectrum. The relationship between the problems of spectral synthesis for operators A and A* is studied.


The invention provides a fixing structure and a portable electronic device using the same. The portable electronic device comprises a first element and a second element, wherein the second element is assembled on the first element; and the fixing structure comprises a clamping component and a connecting assembly, wherein the clamping component is assembled on the first element, and the connecting assembly comprises a positioning seat and a screw, the positioning seat is adjustably clamped on the clamping component, the screw passes through the first element and the second element, and the screw and the positioning seat are fixed together. The fixing structure is convenient to assemble, and can be used for effectively fastening a body and appearance components.


A self-generating streetlight capable of being remotely controlled is provided to improve generation efficiency by enabling directivity of a solar cell plate to track the sun and varying the directivity of the solar cell. A lamp(400) converts electric energy into light. A solar cell plate(210) converts a solar beam into electric energy. A charging unit(200) converts the converted electric energy into power having a constant voltage characteristic. A charger(300) stores the power provided from the charging unit(200). An optical sensor unit(500) detects a beam. A tracking drive unit(600) moves the solar cell plate(210) so that the directivity of the solar cell plate is varied. A wind power generation unit(220) has a propeller, and converts kinetic energy into electric energy. The wind power generation unit(220) provides the converted electric energy to the charging unit(200). A control unit(100) has a streetlight control unit(110), a tracking control unit(120), a wind power generation control unit(130), and a cell plate protection control unit(125). The streetlight control unit(110) controls on/off of the lamp(400). The tracking control unit(120) controls the tracking drive unit(600) so that the solar cell plate(210) is directed to the sun detected by the optical sensor unit(500). The wind power generation control unit(130) controls the operation of the wind power generation unit(220). The cell plate protection control unit(125) controls the solar cell plate(210) to be put horizontally if the rotation speed of the propeller is above a predetermined speed.


Health care organisations have seen exponential growth in the volume of internal and external information which pertains to their operational survival. As such, health care administrators must find ways to manage this flow of information and minimize uncertainty. This paper examines the options available to health care organisations in light of Galbraith's information processing theory. Several structural modifications are discussed and analysed, with vertical and horizontal information systems (including both intra-organisational and inter-organisational systems) offering the best opportunity for future enhancement of information processing capabilities.


A catalytic reactor 1 comprises inner and out reaction chambers 3,2, with a central burner heating device 5. Heating gas flow 6 from the burner, flows counter-current to the flow of reaction gases 10 in the inner reaction chamber 3. The device may convert hydrocarbons into a hydrogen-enriched flow. The countercurrent flow may provide more efficient heating and an improved start up from cold time.


Electromagnetic wave propagation and scattering in dense media depends on the 3D pair distribution function of particle positions. In the past researchers have assumed a form, such as Percus-Yevick (PY), for the pair function in snow. Recent efforts in the snow community have concentrated on analyzing planar snow sections to obtain 2D stereological data. In this paper the authors calculate the volume 3D pair distribution function from the 2D stereological data by solving Hanisch's integral equation (1983). They first use Monte Carlo simulations for single and multi-size particles to verify the inversion procedure with good results. Next they apply the procedure to available planar snow sections. A log-normal distribution of particle sizes is assumed for the ice grains in snow with the distribution parameters derived from stereological measurements. The 3D pair function can be expressed as a weighted sum of size specific pair functions which are necessary for scattering calculations. They choose a small number of representative particle sizes and use a least squares non-linear fit to decompose the 3D pair function into pair functions for those particles. The fit procedure is constrained by a set of physically meaningful rules and can only be applied to those sizes with sufficient number densities. Analysis of scattering from log-normally distributed spheres indicates the larger particles contribute strongly to the independent scattering but have relatively small interaction terms. Since the large, sparsely distributed particles are not retrievable from the fit and have relatively small interaction terms the authors include their scattering contribution by using the hole correction approximation. The family of recovered pair distribution functions gives scattering rates comparable to those calculated under the PY approximation.


To describe the radiographic features of PCP in South African children, including the progression of changes and the impact of HIV‐infection and respiratory co‐infections.


Abstract There are a number of secondary metabolites having medicinal values in Ligustri Lucidi Fructus. In this study, the target analytes salidroside, ligustroflavone, specnuezhenide, oleuropein, oleanolic acid and ursolic acid were chosen, aiming to establish a method to investigate the content of six compounds during eight growth stages of Ligustri Lucidi Fructus. Even though the results indicated that the contents of six compounds in different growth periods reached their maximum value, they displayed a downward trend. The antioxidant activity of the analyzed samples also decreased along with the growth period. The relationship between the content of six secondary metabolites and the activity has been elucidated. Hence, this research provides a theoretical basis for guiding efficient use of Ligustri Lucidi Fructus.


With the fast growing characteristics, papermaking raw material of high quality and high capability of anti-dis- ease and insect, poplars become major timber forest tree species in Hubei Province, China. Raising seedling, forestation and management have been summed up from four years'practice. Fast-growing species like poplar cultivar Lushan, pop- lar clone Zhongjia No.8 and poplar clone Zhongqian No.3 are selected from six imported poplar species as spreading varieties in forestation projects such as the grain for green project in Chibi City.


Based on the recent surge in environmental degradation issues mainly caused by the manufacturing industry and the inadequacy of the measures taken to respond to them, this research focuses on investigating whether employees' motivation to protect the natural environment leads to their green creative performance (GCP) at work. It also examines the role of green creative process engagement (GCPE) as a mediator between green motivation (GM) and GCP. Structural equation modeling (SEM) is used to examine the hypotheses which indicated that employees' GCP appears to be significantly influenced by their GM. Moreover, GCPE is also found to act as a mediating factor between the two. Moreover, industry type and gender are found to play significant roles in the studied variables. The current research is among the pioneer studies that focus on involving employees in the pro-environmental creative process through green motivation, leading towards GCP, an essential element for achieving the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. The study's findings can help companies promote GCP to solve today's most pressing environmental issues and achieve sustainable development goals.


The problem of identification/tracking of periodically varying systems is considered. When system coefficients vary rapidly with time, the most frequently used weighted least squares (WLS) and least mean squares (LMS) algorithms are not capable of tracking the changes satisfactorily. To obtain good estimation results, one has to use more specialized adaptive filters, such as the basis function (BF) algorithms, which are based on explicit models of parameter changes. Unfortunately, estimators of this kind are numerically very demanding. The paper describes new recursive algorithms that combine low computational requirements, which are typical of WLS and LMS filters, with very good tracking capabilities, which are typical of BF filters.


The City Utilities of Springfield's (Mo) 200-MW Southwest power station is a 200-MW plant anchored around a single coal-fired steam generator and its major support systems, including an electrostatic precipitator (ESP) and two wet limestone scrubbers. In the late 1980s, engineers at Southwest began evaluating the feasibility of installing variable-frequency drives (VFD) to reduce the plant's parasitic load and boost overall performance. This article reports on VFDs installed to control the induced draft (i-d) and forced-draft (f-d) fan motors at the plant. The devices have surpassed the utility's expectations by reducing parasitic load, improving combustion control, and increasing overall plant reliability. Virtually every major plant component--including the ESPs and scrubbers--performs better as a result of the retrofit.


At present,there are three obvious problems in the circulation of farmers' operation rights of land contract,which seriously influences and restricts rural economic and social development.It is suggested that the government should make great efforts to cultivate a circulation market of rural land,promote circulation with market while promote development with circulation so as to maintain civil rights and stabilize the society.


The objective was to determine if effects of different limited feed access treatments on performance by lactating Alpine dairy goats vary with dietary concentrate level. Primiparous (29; 55.2±0.8 kg BW) and multiparous Alpine goats (29; 70.2±1.06 kg) were used in a 24-wk study of 3 8-wk phases beginning at 7.1±0.37 d after kidding. Diets of 40 or 60% concentrate (40C and 60C, respectively) were offered free choice in Calan gate feeders, with access continuously (CON), for 8 h between morning and afternoon milkings (DAY), or for 2 h after each milking (FRH). Although there were many interactions involving phase, ADG during the entire study was greater for CON vs. FRH (P < 0.05; -20, -41, and -61 g for CON, DAY, and FRH, respectively; SEM = 8.6). Intake of DM also was greater for CON than for FRH (P < 0.05; 2.17, 2.03, 2.01, 2.29, 2.07, and 1.80 kg/d for 40C-CON, 40C-DAY, 40C-FRH, 60C-CON, 60C-DAY, and 60C-FRH, respectively; SEM=0.093). There were interactions (P < 0.02) between concentrate level and access treatment in milk yield (2.55, 2.41, 2.61, 3.21, 2.66, and 2.27 kg/d; SEM=0.103) and protein concentration (2.65, 2.55, 2.60, 2.67, 2.70, and 2.49%; SEM = 0.042), and milk fat concentration was greatest among treatments (P < 0.05) for FRH (2.79, 2.77, 3.18, 2.86, 2.89, and 3.02% for 40C-CON, 40C-DAY, 40C-FRH, 60C-CON, 60C-DAY, and 60C-FRH, respectively; SEM=0.103). As a consequence, milk energy yield was 6.14, 5.70, 6.67, 7.83, 6.58, and 5.61 MJ/d (SEM=0.251) and the ratio of milk energy to DMI was 3.01, 2.87, 3.37, 3.47, 3.28, and 3.18 MJ/kg for 40C-CON, 40C-DAY, 40C-FRH, 60C-CON, 60C-DAY, and 60C-FRH, respectively; SEM=0.123). Overall, limited feeder access treatments did not improve performance and, in fact, the shortest access treatment increased BW loss; however, efficiency of feed DM usage for milk energy yield was not adversely impacted.


A USTRALIAN ABORIGINAL economy, trade, and ceremonial exchange of goods have received a certain amount of attention from anthropological' and other writers. Up to the present, however, no separate and detailed study has yet appeared in this field.2 This article, then, is a contribution in the former category, an addition to an ever-growing accumulation of data on this aspect of Aboriginal life: for nearly all studies relating to the Aborigines contain some direct or indirect reference to their economic organization and behavior.3 This paper describes and discusses, very briefly, six ceremonies at which natives from different tribal groups meet together for the sole purpose of exchanging goods. The exchange is accompanied by spectacular dancing, ritual, and singing, and regarded as a festive occasion. We may thus legitimately call it a "ceremonial exchange," for the goods themselves are an integral part of this manifestation.


A new super-twisting-like fractional (STLF) controller is proposed in this article to improve the control performance for surface-mounted permanent magnet synchronous motor (SPMSM) system. Compared with the conventional super-twisting sliding mode (STSM) algorithm, the most distinctive characteristic of the proposed strategy is to replace the discontinuous switching function hidden under the integration with a nonsmooth term, which can significantly optimize the performance of SPMSM system. Meanwhile, the introduction of nonsmooth term can provide stronger anti-disturbance capability than the widely used smooth controller. In addition, the desired control performance can be achieved by adjusting the parameters of the proposed STLF controller according to the specific situations. Comparative experiments among the proposed STLF, conventional STSM and proportional integral controllers are carried out to demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed STLF technique.


While there is to date extensive research on work and learning in the fields of education, sociology, business and psychology, the methodology adopted has overwhelmingly relied on respondent-based data drawn from questionnaires and interviews. These studies have contributed far-reaching insight on the individual and institutional mechanisms underpinning work and learning. However, because our methods control to a large extent the findings that can be produced, important insights may remain obscured when similar approaches are repeatedly applied and different approaches are not explored. Where respondent-based data are concerned, the primary focus on the individual vis-a-vis their responses neglects the physical work contexts (including the interactions therein) in which individuals are located and operate, and which produce and shape those responses. This paper presents research on work and learning carried out with a linguistic ethnographic approach. Combining linguistic and ethnographic approaches in data collection and analysis, linguistic ethnography affords the uncovering of insights from the work context itself which may not be immediately recoverable through other research methods. The discussion in the paper is based on an overall linguistic ethnographic study on the learning experience of trainee cooks in professional kitchens. Data in the overall study was collected over 16 weeks through participant observation, fieldnotes and audio-recordings of verbal interactions between trainee cooks and workers in ten professional kitchens. In the professional kitchen, the learning process and interactions that produce learning opportunities are influenced by the nature of the work, the work setting and demands on workers, and learning must be understood through an appreciation of the ongoing flow of kitchen work in which it is situated. This paper will illustrate the combination of linguistics and ethnography in informing an analysis of work and learning that shows how the work context impinges on the learning process – the mode of learning and the interactions that provide learning opportunities. It also outlines some of the benefits and challenges involved in using this approach in the workplace.


Particle image velocimetry (PIV) is an experimental technique used to measure fluid flow fields. However, PIV fields often have spurious and missing velocity vectors that degrade subsequent analyses. Standard post-processing involves the identification and replacement of outliers based on local information. We present a method to identify and fill in erroneous or missing PIV vectors using global information via robust principal component analysis (RPCA), a statistical technique developed for outlier rejection. RPCA decomposes a data matrix into a low-rank matrix containing coherent structures and a sparse matrix of outliers. We explore RPCA on a range of fluid simulations and experiments of varying complexity. First, we analyze direct numerical simulations of flow past a circular cylinder at Reynolds number 100 with artificially added outliers, alongside similar PIV measurements at Reynolds number 413. Next, we apply RPCA to a turbulent channel flow simulation from the Johns Hopkins Turbulence database, demonstrating that dominant coherent structures are maintained and the turbulent kinetic energy spectrum remains largely intact. Finally, we investigate PIV measurements behind a two-bladed cross-flow turbine that exhibits both broadband and coherent phenomena. In all cases, we find that RPCA extracts dominant fluid coherent structures and identifies and fills in corruption and outliers, with minimal degradation of small scale structures.


The government's decision to shelve nurse prescribing has caused confusion in the profession, it emerged last week amid growing concern that Health Secretary Virginia Bottomley has still not set a new date for the start of the scheme.


Contemporary China presents many puzzles for social-science inquiries. On the one hand, as Huntington writes, one is impressed with the commanding role of the Chinese state in governing its diverse regions of uneven development and in engineering rapid economic growth since the 1980s (Brandt, Ma and Rawski 2014, Naughton 1996). On the other hand, contemporary China has witnessed large-scale political turbulence and economic disasters, such as the Great Leap Forward and the Great Famine of 1959–1962, when more than thirty million perished (Dikotter 2010, Yang 2013a), and the political persecution and turmoil of the "Cultural Revolution" that caused great suffering for millions (Su 2011, Walder 2019), to name but a few. In a less dramatic but equally profound


This paper provides an overview of the work carried out to validate a time domain simulation program for a damaged frigate with cross flooding arrangements. This concerns roll decay tests in calm water and the dynamics in regular and irregular waves. To assess the survivability of this frigate for several damage scenarios in a variety of sea states, a probabilistic 'operability-type' of analysis has been applied on the basis of extensive numerical simulations. To illustrate the methodology, three different mission requirements have been investigated and compared for the damage scenarios. The results suggest that it is feasible to study the influence of mission requirements on damage survivability in a quantitative sense.


Cases of death related to simple routine outpatient surgery are repeatedly reported. Minimum standards of staff and medical equipment for postoperative surveillance are deliberately ignored for economic reasons. Using two case studies this article identifies classical types of medical malpractice and organizational fault. Recommendations for criminal investigation in this type of cases are outlined for the competent authorities.


The present invention discloses a crane control system based on the predicted wind model, including wind speed prediction processor, controller, wind anchor crane, traveling crane traveling mechanism and the wind speed sensor, a wind speed sensor for detecting borne Crane wind speed of the wind; wind speed prediction processor for processing the detection signal according to the wind speed sensor input speed forecast model; u controller controls the wind anchoring means and the crane crane traveling mechanism according to processing results of the signal processor input speed forecasting . Winds prediction processor of the present invention may be previously judged result based on the minimum rate of change of wind speed and wind speed of the wind damage caused by crane, the crane controller further advance by the wind anchoring device is turned on, and the starter carts traveling mechanism is closed, resolves traditional wind crane control system is unable to make timely crane wind anchoring devices work cause problems crane damage, wind better.


METROPOLITAN COUNTIES BRANCII: EAST LONDON AND SOurH ESSEX DISTRICT. -The next meeting will be held, by the kind invitation of Dr. Mickle, at Grove Hall, Bow, on Thursday, January 20th, at 8.30 P.M. The chair will be taken by Cornelius Garman, Esq. Dr. Mickle will demonstrate a number of patients illustrating various forms and phases of insanity and general paralysis of the insane. Dr. C. R. Walker will show a patient suffering from locomotor ataxy, with perforating ulcer of the foot. _


"We read books of white boys and girls. Do you read of African boys and girls?" "Now the rain is falling in Hohoe every day. The sun too is hot every day. I like this season. I know you have snow and rain. Tell me about snow." "God is love-slow but sure." "Now you like to know something of my family. I wrote you I am Togo boy. My father has 4 wives and my mother is the second wife. In all my family we are 7 boys and 8 good girls. My sisters love me and they give me things. I am so glad to be your friend here."


A tremendous opportunity currently exists to enable practical and portable mHealth tools by taking advantage of the ubiquity of mobile phones across the world. To this end, we describe the design of a circuit to efficiently harvest energy from the standard audio jack of a mobile phone to power mHealth peripherals, lowering cost, reducing size, and improving the practicality of portable medical devices. This design not only obviates the need to charge or change an extra battery but also is universally compatible with all phones. The audio output channels of several popular phones were characterized in order to determine the range of design parameters. Using these data, different power harvesting topologies are presented, simulated, and compared. A PCB implementation was used to measure and confirm the performance. Compared with prior art, which have achieved 21% and 47% efficiency, this design is able to achieve greater than 77% efficiency by using a tunable impedance matching network.


Substrate The present invention discloses a rubbing method using a rubbing machine and this, in the liquid crystal display device of the re-ordering function of the rubbing cloth addition, rubbing machine of the liquid crystal display apparatus with the reordering functionality according to the disclosed invention, disposed on a stage in the liquid crystal rubbing machine of the cover device which is used to determine the direction of rubbing the orientation of the coated alignment film to, it is arranged to be rubbed Po contact on the rubbing cloth part sikimyeo rearrange the rubbing cloth, the contact area between the rubbing Po is configured to include a reordered making possible to increase or control the form, the reordering unit may formed in an arc shape along the rubbing rolreul.


This article uses the Indian case to offer nuance to narratives about the gendered experience of professional work. I find that while gendered constructs certainly infiltrate all workspaces, there remain occupational and organizational differences in the ways in which women experience their environments. Particularly, while Indian women lawyers overall are more disadvantaged than their international counterparts, the experience of women lawyers in very elite law firms is more favorable than both their local and global peers. A confluence of factors might be responsible for this unusual experience of professional work, but this article highlights the importance of one set of supply side dynamics: the variations in socializing experiences and expectations before entry into these firms. In doing so, it adds to the literature that suggests the importance of not just enrollment parity, but also early training and institutional socialization for gender egalitarian professional outcomes.


Abstract : Accurate aerosol and visibility forecasts are critical to both civilian and military applications. To improve the Navy's electro-optical propagation forecast capability, the world's first operational aerosol assimilation model was developed for improving the short and long-term forecasts of NAAPS through the assimilation of the over-water MODIS aerosol products. In this project, the capability of over-land aerosol data assimilation was studied, a multi-sensor data assimilation technique was evaluated, and a prototype of a system that assimilates MODIS fine model aerosol optical depth ratio was developed for improving model representation of aerosol speciation. Extending beyond the scope of this study, a 3-D aerosol assimilation package was constructed, which is designed to improve the accuracy of NAAPS aerosol vertical profiles by assimilating data from CALIPSO. With knowledge gained from the multi-sensor analysis, the long-term aerosol trend was also studied for climate related applications. This research project yielded a total often authored or coauthored peer-reviewed journal papers and more than twenty conference presentations.


We study the trichotomy character, the stability, and the oscillatory behavior of the positive solutions of a fuzzy difference equation.


Foreign object ingestion and esophageal food bolus impactions are common problems faced by gastroenterologists. Fortunately, the majority of ingested foreign objects and food boluses will pass spontaneously. However, 10% to 20% may become lodged in the esophagus or other locations in the gastrointestinal tract and may require nonoperative intervention, and 1% or less will require surgery (1–4). A recent study (5) reported an estimated annual incidence rate of food impactions of 13 episodes per 100,000 in a health maintenance organization population. The overall mortality rate is unknown, but deaths have been rarely reported (6,7). The purpose of the present review is to focus on esophageal food bolus impaction – its pathophysiology, clinical presentations, diagnosis and management.

Dr Hin Hin Ko


Through investigation and analysis about the ability of doctor-patient communication in72 graduate medical personnel,it is found that current medical personnel think a lot of medical specialty knowledge and skill,while ignore improvement of humanistic quality,so the traditional medical education concept must be transformed.Strengthening the humanistic quality education is the solution to improve doctor-patient communication ability of medical personnel.


This paper presents an area-time efficient Coordinate Rotation Digital Computer (CORDIC) algorithm that completely eliminates the scale-factor. Besides we have proposed an algorithm to reduce the number of CORDIC iterations by increasing the number of stages. The efficient scale factor compensation techniques are proposed which adversely effect the latency/throughput of computation. The proposed CORDIC algorithm provides the flexibility to manipulate the number of iterations depending on the accuracy, area and latency requirements. The CORDIC is an iterative arithmetic algorithm for computing generalized vector rotations without performing multiplications. Index Terms: coordinate rotation digital computer (CORDIC), cosine/sine, field-programmable gate array (FPGA), most-significant-1, recursive architecture, Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT), Discrete Cosine transform (DCT), Iterative CORDIC, Pipelined CORDIC.


In this paper I argue that the general operation of syllogistic in the Logic fulfills a philosophical program that was early outlined by Hegel. This program conceives the unity of the rational form of the syllogism and the absolute content of the idea as a result of an immanent dialectic to the syllogism's form, by which it abandons its merely formal character and attains its own concept: being an objective or rational form. For the purposes of this argument, I analyze the Subjectivity section of the Doctrine of the Concept and reconstruct the systematic background of the chapter on syllogism, as well as the specific operation it performs in view of the transit to the Objectivity section. This operation consists in overcoming a certain excess that the necessity of the substance has, first, over the freedom of the concept, which results in an excess of the concept over the substance. To clarify this operation, I examine the syllogisms of qualitative existence and necessity. Finally, I show the determination of the type of object and knowledge that results from the syllogism and explain how this problem projects to later stages of Logic, in which the analyzed problem acquires a relevant practical aspect.


New farmed animals legislation came into force in England in August 2000. The new regulations replace some existing UK legislation and implement EU Directive 98/58/EC which sets, for the first time, minimum standards across Europe for the welfare of all farmed animals (but invertebrates are excluded). Similar legislation is being drawn up in Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland.


An experimental study of the transition from laminar to turbulent flow in a long 0·248in. I.D. pipe is reported for both water and dilute water solutions of polyethylene oxide which exhibit turbulent flow drag reduction (the Toms phenomenon). The drag-reducing solutions, ranging in effectiveness from near zero to the maximum attainable, are observed to undergo transition in a similar way to the Newtonian solvent in that the solutions exhibit intermittency and the growth rates of the turbulent patches are essentially equal to those of the pure solvent. The growth rate of turbulent patches indicates that drag reduction is associated with the small-scale structure of the turbulence near the pipe wall while patch growth is associated with the larger-scale turbulence in the outer flow. For low-disturbance pipe inlet conditions the strong drag-reducing solutions are observed to undergo transition at lower Reynolds numbers than the pure solvent.


Objective: Assessment of changes in fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FENO) across the shift was performed among cement production workers and controls. FENO was used as a possible marker of eosinophilic inflammation in the airways. In addition, the relations between personal total dust exposure and FENO changes across the work shift were examined. Methods: Pre-and post-shift FENO levels were determined among 55 non-smoking dust exposed cement production workers and among 31 non-smoking mineral water factory workers as controls. The FENO levels were examined for three consecutive days among the exposed and two consecutive days among controls. Personal total dust levels were collected in the breathing zone of each participant using cellulose acetate filters on the first day of FENO examination. A three-piece Millipore cassette was used to place the filters and the cassette was connected to a Side Kick Cassela pump at a flow rate of 2 l/minute. Results: There was a statistically significant reduction in FENO levels among exposed workers, but not among controls. The reduction in FENO levels among the exposed was observed on each day of FENO examination. The cross-shift reduction in FENO levels among the exposed did not show possible associations with personal total dust exposure levels (r=-0.175, 95% CI: -0.36, 0.04). The geometrical mean for total dust exposure were 8.3 mg/m3 and 0.28 mg/m3, among exposed workers and controls, respectively. Conclusion: The results show a cross-shift reduction of FENO among cement workers and indicate that dust exposure is not associated with this finding. The reason for the reduction in FENO across the shift is unknown. Researchers in this field should be aware of potential unknown confounders when performing future studies.


Introduction Published reports of disability of oral and pharyngeal function associated with retrusion of the mandible have been concerned generally with static criteria of observation; such as the deficient mobility or the hypoplasia of the mandible (1-3), displacement or hypoplasia of the tongue (a), or cleft or hypoplasia of the palate. The disabilities associated with these anomalies or displacements have been notably variant in the individual infants. Robin (5), Eley and Farber (6), Pruzansky and Richmond (7), and Beers and Pruzansky (8) describe rapid general improvement in oral function in the first postnatal weeks, so that ventral displacement of the tongue, by support devices (6, 9, lo), by other position-facilitating devices, such as the bottle guard of Davis and Dunn ( l l ) , or by plastic surgery (12) is needed only as a temporary expedient. Abrupt improvement in function, including relief of symptoms of upper respiratory obstruction, has resulted from assumption of


In the Hadron machine option, proposed in the context of the Future Circular Colliders (FCC) study, the dipole field quality is expected to play an important role, as in the LHC. A preliminary evaluation of the field quality of dipoles, based on the Nb$_{3}$Sn technology, has been provided by the magnet group. The effect of these field imperfections on the dynamic aperture, using the present lattice design, is presented and first tolerances on the b$_3$ and b$_5$ multipole components are evaluated.


This is a secondary stage of theory of economic development. This research study is covering the secondary phase of development which rules the tactical plans of the main strategy. In this stage, the social and economical demands varies from country to country and we have developed the theory according to the Pakistani economic conditions. It requires great a lot of technical and strategic analysis to chose the accurate plans accordingly.


Faculty Faculty of Humanities Department Department of Communication Author Suvi Joensivu Title Communication students' motives for and attitudes towards personal branding Subject Organizational communication and PR Level Master's thesis Month and year October 2015 Number of pages 92 + 7 Abstract Personal branding, self-branding, and self-promotion have been privileges of celebrities from different fields. Social media has, however, made the processes and techniques of personal branding accessible for a lot broader audience. Indeed, it has been argued that social media channels are nowadays the main arenas for personal branding. Digital communication and social media have created a new form of communication, mass self-communication. Therefore, it seems that social media has simultaneously been the catalyst and enabler for a phenomenon called personal branding. There are also two new generations that have grown up during the information technology revolution and their ways to use technology are drastically different from their parents. These adolescents and young adults feel at home online and spend a lot of time with online activities on a daily basis. Thus, the generations are partly constructing their selves online, some forming online identities. This research aims to clarify the motives driving communication students to brand themselves. Also, they ways in which social media is used in personal branding efforts will be explicated. In addition, the study attempts to form an overview about the attitudes communication students have towards personal branding. The respondent group consists of the communication students from the University of Jyvaskyla. Data was gathered with an online survey (N=61). The results indicated that the communication students found personal branding important. Yet, only one third of the students had a personal brand. Seemed, that if students had not branded themselves intentionally, they had difficulties in recognizing their personal brand. Also, it was noted that female and male students differ in the attitudes towards personal branding, and more likely had a male student a personal brand than a female student. The biggest motivator for personal branding was work and succeeding in the working world. Moreover, the students wanted to stand out and gain recognition as professionals. Indeed, the students linked personal branding quite strongly to work and professionalism. Social media was the main channel due to its ease and efficiency. According to the students, important in online personal branding was the quality of the content, activity, following other users, and the visuality of one's profile.Personal branding, self-branding, and self-promotion have been privileges of celebrities from different fields. Social media has, however, made the processes and techniques of personal branding accessible for a lot broader audience. Indeed, it has been argued that social media channels are nowadays the main arenas for personal branding. Digital communication and social media have created a new form of communication, mass self-communication. Therefore, it seems that social media has simultaneously been the catalyst and enabler for a phenomenon called personal branding. There are also two new generations that have grown up during the information technology revolution and their ways to use technology are drastically different from their parents. These adolescents and young adults feel at home online and spend a lot of time with online activities on a daily basis. Thus, the generations are partly constructing their selves online, some forming online identities. This research aims to clarify the motives driving communication students to brand themselves. Also, they ways in which social media is used in personal branding efforts will be explicated. In addition, the study attempts to form an overview about the attitudes communication students have towards personal branding. The respondent group consists of the communication students from the University of Jyvaskyla. Data was gathered with an online survey (N=61). The results indicated that the communication students found personal branding important. Yet, only one third of the students had a personal brand. Seemed, that if students had not branded themselves intentionally, they had difficulties in recognizing their personal brand. Also, it was noted that female and male students differ in the attitudes towards personal branding, and more likely had a male student a personal brand than a female student. The biggest motivator for personal branding was work and succeeding in the working world. Moreover, the students wanted to stand out and gain recognition as professionals. Indeed, the students linked personal branding quite strongly to work and professionalism. Social media was the main channel due to its ease and efficiency. According to the students, important in online personal branding was the quality of the content, activity, following other users, and the visuality of one's profile.


In recent years, as the development of integrative cancer treatments, hyperthermia and Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) have become significant methods of treating cancer, and the immune regulating effects of them have attracted more and more attentions. In this text, depending on the clinical research data of Clifford Hospital from 2009 to 2013, research progress of hyperthermia in the world, and research achievements of TCM, we discussed the immune regulating effect of hyperthermia in combination with TCM on cancer patients, and its potentiality in anticancer treatments.


The terrain in Henan province is comples and distribute many wild kiwifruit there.The mountainous area of Funiu,Dabie and Tongbai was investigated,and the situation of wild kiwifruit resource in Henan was primarily summarized and analyzed,and further measures for exploitation and utilization were suggested.


This piece of research examines Iris Murdoch's novel Bruno's Dream (1969). The analysis focuses on the main character of this novel Bruno and on his recollection of the memories and mistakes he had committed in the past. A nearly ninety years old man who knows that he is losing his battle against cancer soon, spends most of his days in his room attended by a housekeeper and a nurse. Bruno is often seen drifting into a world of fantasies and illusions contemplating past events and actions among which are two major ones; his infidelity to his wife Janie which might be the reason behind her sickness and death and his tense relationship with his only son Miles caused by a faulty decision Bruno recklessly took once. The analysis, in this piece of research, thoroughly focuses on Bruno's recollections of these occurrences and his overwhelming sense of regret. In this novel, going into these painful memories is a necessity for Bruno to acquire a new self-realization, to rectify the past mistakes and to redeem himself once and for good before confronting his end.
The research paper intends to find answers to specific questions such as; what are the main psychological and social reasons behind Bruno's infidelity? How could he maintain for years two different relationship, a cold one with his wife and an infatuation with Maureen, his mistress? Can faith in God sooth Bruno's suffering and pacify him? Is it possible to redeem past sins even if it is late, as with the case with Bruno and his son Miles?
The methodological approach of this research is largely based on the socio-psychological studies of Erich Fromm. Those in connection with childhood upbringing, emotional deprivation and the lack of security, the "negative freedom", and his studies on the "new man" who seeks amendments to his faults. All these socio-psychological ideas are tackled in relation to Bruno's actions and decisions. The methodological approach also utilizes the strategies of close reading techniques and an in-depth literary analysis in order to address specific intrinsic literary features of the novel.


SUBTITLE: AS EUROPE ADOPTS A NEW INSTITUTIONAL STRATEGY FOR AIR TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT, INSTITUTIONAL ISSUES CONTINUE TO HAMPER PROGRESS ON SEVERAL OTHER FRONTS, INCLUDING THE SIGNING OF THE NEW EUROCONTROL CONVENTION, AND THE IMPLEMENTATION OF FREE ROUTES -- EUROPE'S EQUIVALENT TO FREE FLIGHT -- IN EUROPEAN AIRSPACE.


In a cyclical heat load environment such as low Lunar orbit, a spacecraft's radiators are not sized to reject the full heat load requirement. Traditionally, a supplemental heat rejection device (SHReD) such as an evaporator or sublimator is used to act as a "topper" to meet the additional heat rejection demands. Utilizing a Phase Change Material (PCM) heat exchanger (HX) as a SHReD provides an attractive alternative to evaporators and sublimators as PCM HXs do not use a consumable, thereby leading to reduced launch mass and volume requirements. In continued pursuit of water PCM HX development an Orion system level analysis was performed using Thermal Desktop for a water PCM HX integrated into Orion's thermal control system in a 100km Lunar orbit. The study verified of the thermal model by using a wax PCM and analyzed 1) placing the PCM on the Internal Thermal Control System (ITCS) versus the External Thermal Control System (ETCS) 2) use of 30/70 PGW verses 50/50 PGW and 3) increasing the radiator area in order to reduce PCM freeze times. The analysis showed that for the assumed operating and boundary conditions utilizing a water PCM HX on Orion is not a viable option for any case. Additionally, it was found that the radiator area would have to be increased by at least 40% in order to support a viable water-based PCM HX.


When analysing different floors of Roman mosaic, it must be noted that the choice of the iconographic program for the decoration of one or more spaces in the same building follows, in general, the guidelines given by the commissioner of the work according to his preferences or the objectives of representativeness that he hopes to achieve through that program. However, the adaptation of the chosen composition to the surface to be decorated is surely up to the mosaic artists. According to their expertise and probably also to the budget allocated to the work, they will adapt the composition as a whole and the integrated patterns (present therein) to the measurements of the surface to be decorated. The analysis of these elements is mainly decisive in the study of pavements with compositions based on geometric schemes.


In Grid computing environments, resources are generally owned by different people, communities or organizations with varied administration policies, and capabilities. The management of resources i.e., discovery, monitoring and brokerage in such a large and distributed environment is a complex task due to geographical distribution and dynamic behavior of resources. To address this complex task we have developed an architectural framework called Grid Management Information Server (GMIS) (4). The GMIS framework provides services for discovery, monitoring and brokerage of resources in a Grid network. It includes distributed resource management architecture by employing remote monitoring of dispersed resources. The architecture distributes resource management functionality across Grids using GMIS-GMIS communication, where each GMIS manages a set of Grids independently. A single user interface is provided to view resource information available at a single GMIS or all GMISs connected. We studied four traditional monitoring and information services for grid computing environments: the Globus Toolkit (7) Monitoring and Discovery Service (MDS) (8), the European Data Grid Monitoring Architecture (R- GMA) (9), Hawkeye (10), part of Condor (11) project and Gridbus Broker (12). This paper gives overview of GMIS Framework Architecture and briefly discusses about the four traditional frameworks followed by a comparative study of GMIS framework with these resource management frameworks.


Natural rubber is a crucial raw material in modern society. However, the process of latex acquisition has long depended on manual cutting operations. The mechanization and automation of rubber-tapping activities is a promising field. Rubber-tapping operations rely on the horizontal cutting of the leading edge and vertical stripping of the secondary edge. Nevertheless, variations in the impact acceleration of the blade can lead to changes in the continuity of the chip, affecting the stability of the cut. In this study, an inertial measurement unit (IMU) and a robotic arm were combined to achieve the real-time sensing of the blade's posture and position. The accelerations of the blade were measured at 21 interpolated points in the optimized cutting trajectory based on the principle of temporal synchronization. A multiple regression model was used to establish a link between impact acceleration and chip characteristics to evaluate cutting stability. The R-squared value for the regression equation was 0.976, while the correlation analysis for the R-squared and root mean square error (RMSE) values yielded 0.977 and 0.0766 mm, respectively. The correlation coefficient for the Z-axis was the highest among the three axes, at 0.22937. Strict control of blade chatter in the radial direction is necessary to improve the stability of the cut. This study provides theoretical support and operational reference for subsequent work on end-effector improvement and motion control. The optimized robotic system for rubber tapping can contribute to accelerating the mechanization of latex harvesting.


The differential affine velocity estimator (DAVE) that we developed in 2006 for estimating velocities from line-of-sight magnetograms is modified to directly incorporate horizontal magnetic fields to produce a differential affine velocity estimator for vector magnetograms (DAVE4VM). The DAVE4VM's performance is demonstrated on the synthetic data from the anelastic pseudospectral ANMHD simulations that were used in the recent comparison of velocity inversion techniques by Welsch and coworkers. The DAVE4VM predicts roughly 95% of the helicity rate and 75% of the power transmitted through the simulation slice. Intercomparison between DAVE4VM and DAVE and further analysis of the DAVE method demonstrates that line-of-sight tracking methods capture the shearing motion of magnetic footpoints but are insensitive to flux emergence—the velocities determined from line-of-sight methods are more consistent with horizontal plasma velocities than with flux transport velocities. These results suggest that previous studies that rely on velocities determined from line-of-sight methods such as the DAVE or local correlation tracking may substantially misrepresent the total helicity rates and power through the photosphere.


Security modelling and analysing not only require solving technical problems but also reasoning on the organization as a whole for the development of a secure system. Assumptions exist about trust relationships among actors within the system environment, which play an important role in modelling and analysing security. Such assumptions are critical and must be analysed systematically for ensuring the overall system security. In this paper, the authors introduce trust-based concepts to identify these trust assumptions, and integrate the trust concepts with security concepts for the development of secure software systems. For this purpose, Secure Tropos' security modelling activities are extended with trust modelling activities based on the trust-based concepts. The CASE tool SecTro was extended to include the notation of the trust-based concepts to support the methodology. Finally, a running example from the UK National Health Service NHS domain is used to demonstrate how trust can be used for security modelling.


The antiferromagnetic manganite ${\mathrm{Pr}}_{0.5}{\mathrm{Sr}}_{0.5}\ensuremath{-}{\mathrm{MnO}}_{3}$ was investigated at low temperature by means of magnetometry and ${}^{55}\mathrm{Mn}$ NMR. A field-induced transition to a ferromagnetic state is detected by magnetization measurements at a threshold field of a few tesla. NMR shows that the ferromagnetic phase develops from zero field by the nucleation of microscopic ferromagnetic domains, consisting of an inhomogeneous mixture of tilted and fully aligned parts. At the threshold the NMR spectrum changes discontinuously into that of a homogeneous, fully aligned, ferromagnetic state, suggesting a percolative origin for the ferromagnetic transition.


A particular, two-dimensional, tiling model, composed by the socalled Wang tiles [1] has been studied at finite temperature by Monte Carlo numerical simulations. In absence of any thermal bath the Wang tiles give the opportunity of building a very large number of nonperiodic tilings. We can construct a local Hamiltonian such that only perfectly matched tilings are ground states with zero energy. This Hamiltonian has a very large degeneracy. The thermodynamic behaviour of such a system seems to show a continuous phase transition at non zero temperature. An order parameter with non-trivial features is proposed. Under the critical temperature the model exhibits aging properties. The fluctuation-dissipation theorem is violated and the relation between the correlation and the response function is very similar to that found in other models candidate to represent glassy systems.


This letter presents a dual-band slot antenna with high gain for wireless local area network (WLAN) and Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) communication covering the IEEE802.11a/b and IEEE802.16d/e standards. The antenna consists of a microstrip-fed slot with a complimentary stub on a single dielectric medium. A reflecting ground plane is employed to achieve a unidirectional radiation pattern with an average gain of 9.1 dBi. The feed of the antenna is optimized to achieve radiation efficiency above 95% in the WLAN and WiMAX frequency bands. The radiation properties of a prototype antenna were measured in a compact antenna range. Simulated and measured results (impedance bandwidth, gain, and radiation patterns) are presented for the proposed antenna.


Observation of acoustics generated by a surface restricted transient optical grating can be used as a sensitive probe of interface structure that can influence near‐surface chemical interactions. In this paper, a theoretical analysis is presented detailing the interface acoustic waves generated by this optical grating technique for a structure consisting of a liquid/solid interface with an interposed thin solid layer. In the absence of the layer, the predicted response consists of contributions from both the Stonely and the Leaky–Rayleigh wave interface modes, consistent with experimental observations. Thin intermediate layers, those with thickness much smaller than the grating period, were found to have little influence on the acoustic response indicating that the spatial sensitivity of this technique is not sufficient for probing the short range order in liquids in contact with surfaces. However, the addition of a layer with thickness on the order of the grating spacing affects the dominate period of th...


The development of discovering appealing, valuable and important patterns from large spatial datasets is stated as spatial data mining. From the preceding hospital location analyses technique, the locations are predicted from the hospital dataset using pattern mining technique. In terms of road weightage computation the location analyses technique is not enough in its performance. In order to improve the performance, a new hospital location analyses method is proposed in this paper with non linear mathematical model. The proposed method comprises of four major stages, namely, feature compilation, developed non linear mathematical model, selection of patterns (locations) by utilizing pattern mining and location analyses. Initially the features are collected from the historical dataset that are related to information on roads and the nearest hospital locations. Based on the assembled information a non linear mathematical model is developed for the roads. The non linear mathematical model is a developed model and this is optimized by the Genetic Algorithm (GA). This optimized non linear mathematical model is utilized in the hospital location analyses process. Thus our proposed technique successfully selects the hospital locality via optimized non linear mathematical model and pattern mining. The implementation results showed the effectiveness of the proposed hospital location analyses method in predicting the hospitals and the achieved improvement in the analyses result. Furthermore, the performance of the proposed technique is evaluated by comparing it with the previous hospital location analyses method.


The article explains the status of a new developing direction («a branch») of the cultural linguistics — the confessional linguistics proposed by us as a scientific discipline; it gives the categorical system characteristics, it shows the formation degree. We can prove the need for systematic studies of various religious/confessional concepts, specific verbal-semiotic representations of spiritual-religious values of different confessions and religious-confessional worldviews. The article is devoted to the fact that the religion of the people is represented within a particular denomination, without which it can not exist, so any confession is always religious. At the same time the confessional aspect of representation of linguocultural ethical and moral concepts of the entire system of language has not been searched in the sphere of the national language. It is emphasized that the complete study of the language of a particular faith is compulsory, in order to understand it, to feel it and accept its religious and cultural exclusivity and versatility (eg, Orthodoxy — Islam, Islam — Judaism, Orthodox Christianity — Protestantism, etc.) that is objectified not only linguistically, but also extra-linguistically.


This is a study about symbolism through the main characters in Orpheus Descending. In this study, the thesis writer is curious to know what the main characters symbolize and the meanings of the symbols in Tennessee Williams' Orpheus Descending. In anlyzing the subject matter, the writer uses library research to collect data and litterary approach to analyze and interprete the symbols. The story of Orpheus Descending is based on the history of Orpheus in the Greek Mythology. There, the author wants to talk about his idea of unfriendly world. In revealing his idea, the author uses some symbolism. In this study, the thesis writer wants to explain the symbols which is used by the author in revealing his ideas. In explaining the matter, the thesis writer separate her analysis by using the main characters of Jabe Torrance, Lady Torrance and Val Xavier. The final results are Jabe Torrance symbolizes death, Lady Torrance symbolizes human being, and Val Xavier symbolizes savior.


In an interdependent world, migration is both symbol and symptom of the way in which individuals and societies inter-relate, a measure of the degree of success or failure in multi-cultural living, transnational relations and social inclusion or exclusion. At the end of 2005, the Global Commission on International Migration published a report, Migration in an Interconnected World; New Directions for Action. The report identifies new types of mobility and responses to it, and concludes that international migration is one of the most controversial areas of policy and practice facing almost all countries. This editorial article introduces an issue of the International Journal of Migration, Health and Social Care which focuses on child and youth migration and the changing trends and responses to this issue.


Localization based on the time difference of arrival (TDoA) has turned out to be a promising approach for indoor environments, especially in combination with innovative self-calibrating TDoA algorithms that eliminate the need to measure the positions of reference receivers. We consider the previously unsolved problem of locating a moving target receiver by discrete signals from stationary beacons at unknown locations. We assume that the beacons are small and inexpensive and they require no further communication, i.e. they are unsynchronized. They only emit short discrete signals at regular intervals, of which we assume that they can be distinguished. The moving target travels on an unknown trajectory, receiving signals from the beacons and calculating the TDoA of the signals. First, we discuss adaptions of two TDoA algorithms by which the senders can be located from unknown signals. Second, we propose two novel approaches based on probabilistic state estimation to enable robust localization of the mobile receiver using the discrete arrival times, once the senders have been located. The probabilistic algorithms use the particle filter and the unscented Kalman filter to estimate the position and velocity of the target, as well as the unknown synchronization offsets of the senders. We provide a motion model and a sensor model for which we take into account that the signals of the beacons are received as singles, each at a different time. We verify the feasibility and robustness of our approach in extensive simulations, where we analyze the reliability of localization and compare both algorithms.


The purpose of this study was to provide a systematic and critical review of research articles on Asian American psychology that were published in 2009. A search using PsycINFO led to the identification of 134 articles, and each of these articles were evaluated in terms of its topic areas, research methodology, and findings. The results showed that the articles covered a wide array of topics, including acculturation and enculturation, adoptees, career, counseling and clinical issues, educational experiences, families, health and health-related behaviors, identity, immigrants and refugees, interpersonal relationships, lesbian/gay/bisexual/transgender/intersex/questioning, masculinity, older adults, personality, politics, psychopathology, racism, spirituality, stress and coping, violence, women, and youths. A summary of articles within these topics areas are provided. In addition, various characteristics of this body of literature are presented with their implications for future research.


Stewart platform has the characteristics of high nonlinearity and strong coupling, and conventional control method can not eliminate assembly and theoretical model errors. In this paper, the closed-loop control strategy is used to realize the position and attitude control of Stewart platform. For the closed-loop controller, the online tuning method of controller parameters based on RBF neural network is studied. The simulation results show that the control strategy is better than the conventional control strategy, and the tracking performance and control precision are significantly improved.


In this paper is discussed the eveness of cotton mixing in blowing-carding unit with the effective factors on the creation of neps and short fiber analyzed,and the counter measures to control the uneveness ratio of the carded sliver are also introduced.It holds that the technical and economical index of blowing-carding unit is much better than that of the traditional lap forming technology.


This paper presents a case study describing the implementation of the Hewlett Packard Mobile Science Lab Project in undergraduate physics classes in a mid-size urban Canadian University. The authors describe the results of the first year of Project implementation. We touch upon the advantages and limitations of in-class tablet computer use, as well as provide examples of classroom practices we found effective with our physics 2 nd and 3 rd year undergraduate students. We also discuss the effects of tablet-enhanced pedagogy on student learning and course satisfaction.


This paper presents a new switch-control approach for multiphase interleaved converters. Development of the proposed technique is based on control-signal generation for multi-unit synchronization. Current sharing among the switching cells and voltage regulation are achieved by means of a multi-loop control scheme regardless of changes in input voltage and load. System stability is ensured by single-pole compensation. This proposed technique is straightforward, reliable and inexpensive, and can be applied to any higher number of cells without difficulty.


With the development of household appliances, it also has brought more and more pollution and threat. In order to better solve the problem, this paper introduced the characteristics of the household appliances reverse logistics, followed by giving the network construction elements; After analysis, put forward a suitable design method-TOC, and set up a model; Finally used WITNESS software to simulate in order to confirm the practicality of the model.


The present study was undertaken to determine the benefits derived by the respondents being a member of the PAU Tree Growers Association with a sample size of a total of 80 members of the association. The data were collected using an interview schedule pertaining to the benefits derived by the members. The results of the study revealed that the majority of the respondents had derived high technical benefits (96.25 percent), high personal benefits (86.25 percent), high social benefits (70 percent), and medium economic benefits (51.25 percent). Between the various benefits derived by them, technical benefits emerged as the major benefits (mean score =142.4) followed by social benefits (mean score=140.45), personal benefits (mean score=133), and economic benefits (mean score=98.44). Overall the members obtained high benefits from the association (56.25 percent).


Even during the cold war, the strategic triangle of the USA-USSR-China was formed, where the most advantageous positions – at the top of the triangle – were occupied by the United States, which maintained better relations with the Soviet Union and the people's Republic of China than the latter – with each other. However, after the collapse of the bipolar world, the relations between the United States and Russia, on the one hand, and the United States and China, on the other, faced a number of serious problems, primarily of a military and political nature. At the same time, over the past 30 years, the confrontation between Moscow and Beijing has been replaced by a strategic partnership between the two giants – a partnership that is objectively anti-American in nature. These changes changed the nature of the" strategic triangle " of America-China-Russia in the 21st century.


The effect of microstructures on the electrical and magnetic properties of Co-Fe-Al-O thin films was studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and conventional transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results showed that excellent soft magnetic properties were associated with granular nanoscale grains of α-CoFe and α-Co(Fe) phases. The introduction of aluminium and oxygen to CoFe films led to a refinement of the granular microstructure. When the partial pressure of oxygen was less than 4%, oxide particles CoFe 2 O 4 , CoAl 2 O 4 or FeAl 2 O 4 were embedded in α-CoFe, α-Co(Fe) grains. A higher partial pressure of oxygen changed the crystalline oxide to amorphous oxide, resulting in the formation of smaller grains of α-CoFe and α-Co(Fe) phases. The partial pressure of oxygen caused drastic changes in the coercivity (H c ), anisotropy field (H k ), and electrical resistivity (p), the reason for which was discussed based on the microstructural observations and X-ray diffraction results. Co-Fe-Al-O thin films exhibit excellent high frequency characteristics: an effective permeability larger than 1000 and stability above 1 GHz.