INTRODUCTION Each country should strive for more full satisfaction of the needs of its citizens. However, in reality, the most vulnerable remain existential needs, namely the need for security of human life, which are realised through comfort, stability of living conditions, security of existence and confidence in the future. These needs are basic in their nature and form a sustainable basis for the development of a country's economy and society in general. The issues of improving the living standards of households do not lose its relevance, since they are the most important component of the economy of a modern country. A significant drop in the material well-being of a large part of Ukraine's population has caused an intense economic stratification of society. Thus, the problems of improving households' living standards are important today both for the citizens themselves and for the Ukrainian government. The strategic development priorities of Ukraine determine the need for state intervention and regulation of issues related to the improvement of living standards at the national, regional and territorial levels. The current state of the economy of any country in the world is characterised primarily by the level and quality of life of its population. "The standard of living of a population determines the extent to which a country's citizens or residents of a particular region are supplied with material goods, services and opportunities and are financially and spiritually satisfied with the amount of goods, services and opportunities available to them in a given period". The standard of living, in a narrow sense, is a system of quantitative indicators characterising resource provision and satisfaction of needs (income of the average person, the amount of his/her expenditure on purchases, payment for services, etc.). The reason for this approach is that the assessment of the benefits to be applied is directly quantifiable.


In this paper, we propose high-performance H.264/AVC CAVLC encoder for UD video real time processing. Statistical values are obtained in one cycle through the parallel arithmetic and logical operations, using non-zero bit stream which represents zero coefficient or non-zero coefficient. To encode codeword per one cycle, we remove recursive operation in level encoding through parallel comparison for coefficient and escape value. In oder to implement high-speed circuit, proposed CAVLC encoder is designed in two-stage {statical scan, codeword encoding} pipeline. Reducing the encoding table, the arithmetic unit is used to encode non-coefficient and to calculate the codeword. The proposed architecture was simulated in 0.13um standard cell library. The gate count is 33.4Kgates. The architecture can support Ultra Definition Video () at 100 frames per second by running at 100MHz.


* Senior Counsel, Office of Policy Development, United States Department of Justice; B.A. 1972, Columbia College; Ph.D. 1975, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; J.D. 1979, Columbia University School of Law. This statement and the accompanying Response to Professor Imwinkelried's Comments, 70 Chi.--Kent L. Rev. 37 (1994), contain the prepared text of an address presented to the Evidence Section of the Association of American Law Schools ("AALS") on January 9, 1993. The new evidence rules discussed in this address have since been enacted as Fed. R. Evid. 413--15 by 320935 of the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994, Pub. L. No. 103--322, 108 Stat. 1796 (Sept. 13, 1994). This address provides "a detailed account of the views of the legislative sponsors and the administration concerning the ... reform, and should ... be considered an authoritative part of its legislative history." 140 Cong. Rec. H8991 (statement of principal House sponsor Representative Susan Molinari); see also 140 Cong. Rec. 512,990 (statement of principal Senate sponsor Senator Robert Dole). Because these statements are part of the legislative history of the enacted rules, they have not been changed from the text presented to the AALS Evidence Section, except for editing to conform to the Chicago--Kent Law Review's conventions regarding citation form and footnote documentation. The bracketed footnotes in this publication were added in the editing process and were not included in the original text of the address.


Banaba, Lagerstroemia speciosa (L.) Pers. (Lythraceae) is a tree that grows in the tropic islands of the Pacific. This plants are used for medical purposes in the world. The components of L. speciosa were analyzed for the contents according to growing stages at leaves. The distributions of the corosolic acid (2 α, 3 β-dihydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid), phytol, campestrol, and vitamin E were rich among samples in this study. These were contained much fatty acids. The mean content of palmitic acid was from 2.4% across all growing stages, varying from 2.15% for young leaves with the lowest content and 2.86% for fallen leaves with the highest content. Oleic acid, linoleic acid, and linolenic acid were contained nearly mean 2.0% in all leaves of banaba. Our results have shown that the phytochemical profile of young L. speciosa leaves differs quite radically from that of old L. speciosa leaves. In addition, these subdividing results according to plant growth should allow future researches to conduct targeted experimental studies and use of particular medical components of interest, examining chemical variation on the inter-developmental levels.


A graph-based synthesis technique has been developed which allows digital filters to be realized with significantly reduced numbers of primitive arithmetic operations. Previously presented work has relied on the use of unity-gain graph edges. These methods are extended by the authors to permit the inclusion of edges with gains which may assume any power of two. This facilitates a tradeoff between addition or subtraction and shift operations which can be beneficial in many implementations. For VLSI implementations especially, judicious placement of processing elements, routing, and allocation of pipeline registers, make for an efficient filter implementation.<<ETX>>


This paper presents a framework for hand gesture recognition based on 3-channel electromyography (EMG) sensors. In the framework, the start and the end points of meaningful gesture segments are detected automatically by checking the cross points of EMG signals and their moving average curves. Then, a classifier combining k-Nearest Neighbor (kNN) and Decision Tree algorithms is used for achieving gesture recognition. For gesture-based control application, a real-time interactive system has been built up for household appliance using 10 kinds of hand gestures as control commands. Our proposed framework facilitates intelligent and natural control in gesture-based interaction.


Tax assessment is an important and complex task in tax administration. The commonly tax assessment methods only use tax-related data for classification, which can not meet the needs of the actual tax administration. Tax assessment usually takes decision tree algorithms as a method of classification. General decision tree algorithms take information gain as classified target, the training sample collections or the class tables request resident memory. The SPRINT algorithm uses Gini index to select attributes and eliminates all memories limit. The SPRINT algorithm and comprehensive fuzzy evaluation can be combined to generate a new tax assessment model. With this model a sequence can be generated by evaluating the tax-related data and the basic information of taxpayers. This model can solve the issues that the taxpayer's order of tax assessment which usually can not be scientifically determined. Experiments show that the decision tree algorithm can improve the accuracy of classification. The tax assessment model based on comprehensive fuzzy evaluation can evaluate the taxpayers, with this model a sequence can be generated for further checking. This tax assessment model is valuable for tax inspection.


Power crisis in California and blackout in US and Canada have great influence on power reform and development of world power industry. This paper analyzes the lesson from power crisis in California and blackout in US and Canada for us.


Five glycosylsterols, one glycosylceramide and two glycosylglycerides were isolated from corn seeds. The main glycolipids were monoglycosylsterol, monoglycosylceramide, monoglycosyldiacyl glycerol and diglycosyldiacylglycerol in decreasing order. Glycosylsterols consisted of acylmono-, mono-, di-, triand tetraglycosylsterol. The principal classes were the first two, the representative molecular species of which were characterized as 6'-palmitoyl-3-O-glucosyl-sitosterol and 3-O-glucosyl-sitosterol, respectively. Monoglycosylceramide was separated as sphingoglycolipid. The main molecular species were shown to be 1-O-glucosyl-N-2'-hydroxy-arachidoyl-4, 8-sphingadienine and 1-O-glucosyl-N-2'-hydroxy-lignoceroyl-4-hydroxy-8-sphingenine. Glycosylglycerides obtained were monoand diglycosyldiacylglycerol. The principal molecular species were speculated to be 1-oleoyl-2-linoleoyl-3-O-galactosyl-sn-glycerol and 1-linoleoyl-2-linolenoyl-3-O-digalactosyl-sn-glycerol, respectively. (Received August 8, 1983)


The authors consider that from a methodological point of view the hypotheses about the preconscious constitute the way to operationalize the theory about sexuality in its differential character (oral, anal, etc.). After defining the preconscious, they refer to its process of constitution and internal organization, when it is already formed. The authors propose to consider the passage from the hypotheses about the structure of the preconscious to the manifestations. Besides, they emphasize that in each clinical organization prevails some kind of libidinal fixation, expressed through some specific preconscious traits and subsequently through some specific discursive manifestations. Therefore, they expose a method that allows to investigate the discourse of patients as an expression of eroticism. The method (David Liberman algorithm) allows to study the eroticism in three levels of language: word, phrase and narrative. The authors describe the characteristics of the instruments employed to investigate each one of these three levels: a grid for the narrative, two grids for the phrases and a computational program (dictionary) for words. They also refer to some methodological and instrumental problems and consider some issues linking with the value of each of these levels of analysis related with the others two.


Through mass media, literture can be enjoyed both in spoken literture and written literature. One of litertures which can be expressed orally is poetry. In this study, the researcher tried to understand the moral messages of Lampung poetry, in nature aspect and language methode. The Lampung poetry choosen is "Pisaan"which originally from Way Kanan and "Wayak" from Liwa. Both of them are included in Lampung Pesisir. The data analysis were focused on the from of Pisaan and Wayak poetry which were analysed based on the moral messages that included physical structure meaning and internal structure meaning. Keywords: Moral Message, Poetry, Pisaan, Wayak, Lampung.


The relative lipophilicity (RM0) of fourteen 1-substituted pyrrolidin-2-one derivatives has been measured by use of RP-TLC plates and mixtures of acetonitrile and pH 7.0 Tris buffer with volume fractions of acetonitrile between 20 and 80% were used as mobile phases. Retention data (RM) obtained by this method were exponentially dependent on acetonitrile concentration and enabled estimation of the relative lipophilicity corresponding to pH 7.0 Tris buffer as mobile phase. 1-{2-Hydroxy-3-[4-(3-methoxyphenyl)piperazin-1-yl]propyl}pyrrolidin-2-one had the highest relative lipophilicity (1.33) and butylcarbamic acid 1-[4-(2-methoxyphenyl)piperazin-1-ylmethyl]-2-(2-oxopyrrolidin-1-yl)ethyl ester had the lowest (0.72). Comparison of RM0 values obtained with the affinity of the compounds tested for a-adrenoceptors enable formulation of preliminary equations for quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR).


This paper discusses the significance of the organisational culture and the research carried out within the University of Malta to test whether a cultural change is required in the organisation. The research examined the views and comments of the stakeholders of the organisation on the present organisational culture namely, students, administrative staff and academic staff from various departments. A twofold research methodology was chosen. Initially, a quantitative stage involving questionnaires was sent to all participants. This was followed by a qualitative stage involving twelve participants taking part in the in-depth structured interviews. Secondary data was also used for the study, which guided the researcher in understanding better the present organisational culture.


Abstract : This study examines the employment of U.S. Marines in Lebanon from 1982 - 1984 to determine if their use supported stated national objectives, national policy, and political objectives. The movement away from traditional concepts of employment of military forces creates difficulties for policymakers and military decisionmakers. Military missions and objectives may lose clarity as the U.S. attempts to achieve its objectives in operations short of war. The area of interest is reviewed to include a general overview of the history of Lebanon. U.S. objectives in Lebanon and the region are examined along with factors leading to the decision to employ military forces in Lebanon. The Marine presence in Lebanon is addressed for the entire eighteen month period they were deployed. Particular emphasis is placed on assigned missions and general operations. U.S. objectives are compared to military missions and objectives in an,attempt to bring into focus the proper relationship between political objectives and military ends and means. U.S. Marines, Lebanon, Beirut, Peacekeeping, Operational Art, Operational End State, Low Intensity Conflict, National Strategy Operations Short of War, Peacetime Contingency Operations.


Amphibious operation is a system to system confrontation based on information system.Amphibious operation confrontation system is a typical complex adaptive system.The evaluation method of operational effectiveness based on complex adaptive system theory and multi-agent modeling approach are used to simulale combat based on the equipment performance parameters and the background of specific operational environment and troops code.The simulation can reflect weapon systems performance in the whole process of combat and the difference of operational effectiveness under different external conditions.It can provide reference to amphibious armored equipment for development,operational use,tactical training and tactical research.


The main objective of this research was to assess the seismic vulnerability of typical pre-1975 WSDOT prestressed concrete multi-column bent bridges. Additional objectives included determining the influence of soil-structure-interaction on the bridge assessment and evaluating the effects of non-traditional retrofit schemes on the global response of the bridges. Overall this research highlighted the vulnerability of non-monolithic bridge decks and shear-dominated bridge columns in pre-1975 WSDOT prestressed concrete multi-column bent bridges as well as the importance of including soil-structure-interaction, calibrating the force/displacement characterization of the columns to experimental test data and detailed modeling of the bridges such as expansion joint/girder interaction. In the end, the seismic assessment of bridges is a cost/efficiency issue. Each bridge is different, therefore, investing in improved analyses up front will enable an efficient use of the limited funds for bridge improvement, resulting in a significant savings overall. None None 63 iii DISCLAIMER The contents of this report reflect the view of the author, who is responsible for the facts and the accuracy of the data presented herein. The contents do not necessarily reflect the official views or policies of the The Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT) has implemented retrofit schemes to improve the seismic performance of single column bent bridges throughout western Washington State. However, numerous multi-column bent bridges are also in need of seismic upgrade. Multi-column bent bridges targeted for retrofit include 2 to 5 column bents with simple precast prestressed concrete spans as well as continuous reinforced and prestressed concrete spans. The majority of these bridges were constructed in the 1950's and 1960's. The main objective of this research was to assess the seismic vulnerability of typical pre-1975 WSDOT prestressed concrete multi-column bent bridges. Additional objectives included determining the influence of soil-structure-interaction on the bridge assessment and evaluating the effects of non-traditional retrofit schemes on the global response of the bridges. WSDOT bridges 5/518, 5/826, and 5/227 were chosen in collaboration with WSDOT Bridge engineers for these studies. The bridges varied in span length, column aspect ratio, bridge deck design, and abutment and column foundation configurations.


Though spring snail Marstoniopsis insubrica is widespread in Europe it has been rarely recorded in Ukraine yet only in the northwestern part. Newly found specimen of M. insubrica in the central part of Ukraine (Olshanka River, middle part of the Dnieper basin) extending the south-eastern limit of the species distribution range. All known records of M. insubrica in Ukraine are restricted to several isolated occurrences and snails are occurring solitary. As of today only few specimens accumulated in the Ukrainian museums collections over the century. It evidences this is regionally extremely rare species. Considering rarity, populations' low-density and occurrences on a very edge of the species natural range M. insubrica we recommend to include this species into the next edition of the Red Data Book of Ukraine with an endangered conservation status.


Studies upon anaphylaxis, both in this country and abroad, indicate that the phenomenon has an important bearing upon certain fundamental problems in medicine. A satisfactory explanation of the intimate nature of anaphylaxis would doubtless give us a much better understanding of a large class of diseases. The close relationship between anaphylaxis and immunity is evident. Advances in our knowledg-of the former will surely lead to practical progress in the latter. There appears to be much similarity between anaphylaxis and the processes that take place in tuberculosis. Diseases like hay fever find their explanation in a specific hypersusceptibility. The serum disease, following the introduction of alien proteins and the hypersusceptibility that some persons display to certain proteins when ingested, are frequent clinical instances of anaphylaxis, the manifestations of which are multiple and various. We shall doubtless know more about the endotoxins, the


As a student I participated in different language courses and the emphasis was put on the coursebook. I found these courses pretty boring. Many experts have debated whether literature is good for demonstrating language structures or not. First of all it can be useful to enliven the classes. It is easier to learn a language if people can enjoy the classes. Literature offers a wide range of materials to be worked on. Of course teachers have to prepare the different materials for the learners, they have to adjust them to the level of the class. With my work I want to show everybody who is afraid of bringing literature to the language class that there is a need of students for literature and that there is a way to make it work with any kind of group. I personally find short stories the most appropriate not only because of their length but their content, too. They deal with everyday topics and while reading people can identify themselves with the characters. They can bring their experience to the class and share it with the others. The more they read the more they will be able to express themselves. Those who don't believe it must try and they will see it is worth it.


Global Era has created a tight competition in any aspect including education. The writer
noticed that in term of tight competition in global era, schools in Indonesia either state or
private owned had made some efforts to develop themselves as global schools. In this
case it is necessary to analyze whether a school that claimed itself 'global' has met the
global school indicators such as its curriculum, culture, facilities, teachers' perception and
competence as well as development strategies. This global school development
phenomenon is one of the reason for the writer to study on two schools, MRS and DCS.
Those two schools are both located in Semarang and developed rapidly as schools with
the mission to conduct international and global standard schools.
The focus of this study is to analyze the global school indicators applied in MRS and
DCS, including teachers' perception on global education system, teachers' global
competence and also the school's strategy on teachers' global competence development.
The data were collected through surveys, observation and in-depth interview which then
analyzed using descriptive-qualitative method.
The result of the study shows that MRS and DCS based on the indicators are global
schools. The teachers of both schools have enough perception towards global education
and school. They have enough global competence but relatively less international
experience in developing learners' open minded, holistic thinking and being explorer
through inter-discipline and collaboration. The study also shows that MRS and DCS need
to create a structured and systematic global competence development strategy. Therefore,
the writer proposed a mapping strategy- Balanced Scorecard- as an alternative strategy to
develop the schools' teachers' global competence.
Key words: global education, global school, global competence, mapping strategy –
Balanced Scorecard.


Jasminum matthewii P.S. Green has been treated here as a heterotypic synonym of J. angustifolium (L.) Willd. var. hirsutum P.S. Green. Further a taxonomic key to distinguish three varieties of J. angustifolium has been provided.


The increasing number of mobile devices and new technologies that uses Internet of Things requires a new ways of fast and secure data transmitting. The Li-Fi technology is one of the solutions to the problem with the small radio frequency bandwidth using the visible light spectrum to transmit data. The handover realization in Li-Fi networks is very important for increasing the reliability of the network and transmitting all the data before leaving the network. This paper presents a study of Li-Fi indoor network and it's reliability and the ability to properly transmit data for the needs of Internet of Things era.


Since 11 September 2001, fears of further terrorist attacks have occupied the thoughts of many Americans. One form such an attack could take is a biological agent unleashed upon the population, with the smallpox virus being one of the more frightening possibilities. As a result of this threat, there has increasingly been talk of widespread vaccination against smallpox, despite many concerns that the vaccine may pose as much of a problem as the virus. This article looks at the effects of the vaccine on patients with skin conditions such as eczema and psoriasis, as well as on those on immunosuppressive drugs and with immune system disorders like AIDS, in attempt to provide recommendations aimed at maximizing the effectiveness of smallpox vaccine by minimizing the dangers. Debate on smallpox vaccination is particularly problematic because the risks and benefits are not entirely clear. Smallpox was eradicated from the natural environment over two decades ago and the only currently known stocks of the virus are stored by government agencies in the USA and Russia. As a result of this remarkable achievement, vaccination against smallpox ended in the 1970s, and even those who received the vaccine as children no longer have immunity to the virus. During the Cold War, however, the Soviets weaponized the smallpox virus in massive quantities, and there are fears that the virus may have made its way into the hands of terrorists who could use it against civilian populations. 1,2


The paper presents the use of GIS application in identifying the youth recreational area in Subang Jaya, Selangor. The main objective of this paper is to identify existing youth recreational area, its thresholds and amenities in Subang Jaya. Method used in this study is divided into two main parts. First is by using GIS application, all related recreational area, its thresholds and amenities are identified spatially. Then spatial analysis is carried out to match with the youth population in this township. In addition, the output is also matched against the government policies of providing such recreational area. Findings show that youth recreational area is not limited to outdoor area but also indoor area too. This is consistent with the high
demand of land area development in urban areas. However, findings also show the difference between the government policies and plans against what is actually been implemented. It is also found that many recreational area is not easily accessible to the youth. As an example, there is a need for a safe bicycle lane/pedestraian walkway in connecting housing areas with schools and urban parks and public amenities. Furthermore, it is also found that the public amenities lack of police beat stations or neighbourhood patrols to ensure safety. In summary, the stakeholders of Subang Jaya should look into mechanism of turning the existing recreational area into more sustainable youth recreational area.


The quarter-wave crab cavity design has been analyzed further to accommodate LHC requirements. The goal for the design is to provide strong deflecting voltage to the proton bunches at the IP, while keeping the effective length as short as possible. We will evaluate the higher order mode damping with two or four magnetic coupling dampers installed in different configuration. In this paper, we also show possible multipacting locations which are simulated by 2D and 3D codes.


The study aimed at identifying the relationship among certain anthropometric measurements and Physical fitness elements and the precision of doing attacking skills for volleyball players. The researcher used the descriptive approach; survey method. The study sample was (20( players, which is (80%( of the study community. Anthropometric Measurements and Physical tests were conducted during the period (19/4/2009(-(29/4/2009(, in the gymnastics hall at Al-Yarmouk University. The study results showed that there was a statistical regular sequence relation between the hand explosive power and each of height of body, weight of body and length of arm. Also there was statistical contrasting relation between the leg explosive power and each of weight of body and length of arm. The researcher recommended that teachers and trainers of volleyball should conduct such physical and anthropometric tests periodically for players to identify their progress level.


The aim of this study is to evaluate the risk of alpha emitter's concentrations and measure it in human blood. The current study was done in the central laboratory and archaeologist employees of the Iraqi museum; likewise, the study also involved employees in State board of antiquities and heritage and Abd al-karim qasim museum that are located in Baghdad, Iraq. CR-39 Detector was used to measure alpha emitters track density. 60 participants Blood samples were collected in total (30 people in workers and 30 people in controls that were collected from general population). The maximum obtained values of alpha track density were (213.16±7.58 tracks/ mm2) and minimum obtained values (32.61±3.70 tracks/ mm2) in workers group with average of (81.36±3.78 No. of tracks/mm2) and the maximum obtained values of alpha track density were (219.37±6.75 tracks/ mm2) and minimum obtained values (3.02±0.37 tracks/ mm2) in control group with average of (28.45± 2.10 tracks/mm2). The result showed higher alpha emitter concentration in workers compared to the control group. Based on these results, high alpha concentrations to museum workers and archaeologists may have increased risk to DNA damage and cancer compared to non-occupational workers.


Observations were made on the fishes trespassing in 50 territories of the reef pomacentrid Eupomacentrus leucostictus, and on the responses of the territory—holders to the trespassers. The extent to which each of the tresspasser species elicited agonistic responses from territorial E. leucostictus individuals was quantified: number agonistic acts/total trespass time. Using data on feeding habits, the diet overlap of each trespassing species on E. leucostictus was computed according to the formula &alpha = ϵpihPjh/ϵPih2. Following a log—log transformation to correct for heteroscedasticity, a Pearson product—moment correlation between number gonistic acts/total trespass time revealed a significant positive correlation between these 2 variables. An expression for Potential Competitive Impact that combines trespasser size with diet overlap, α(VB)75, showed a highly significant correlation with number agonistic acts/total trespass time (again using a log—log transformation) and a higher correlation coefficient (r =.613, P<.01). When this correlation was recalculated with the exclusion of the 9 trespassing species known to eat eggs, the correlation coefficient improved to r =.744, P <.01. These 9 egg—eating species have a significantly greater tendency to elicit agonism beyond that expected on the basis of their Potential Competitive Impact than do the other tresspassing species. (t =2.940, P <.02). This pattern of agonism indicates that interspecific territoriality is an adaptive behaviorthat reduces the loss of food in the territory to competitors and protects the nest from egg predators.


With the rapid development of economy and society,while the level of mobility is increasing,parking difficult problem is becoming more and more difficult in recent years.Taking Wanzhou City as an example,through the development of parking facilities investigation,to find out the status of parking spaces in the supply situation,analyzes the parking problems and causes,in reference on the basis of the development experience of parking in cities at home and abroad,from the moderate development of curb parking,vigorously develop with parking,road public parking and other aspects proposes solutions to the problem of parking,to provide planning and construction guidance for Wanzhou City relieve parking problem.


Methods: In this randomized-controlled pilot, surgery residents (n=14) participated in standardized thoracostomy tube placement (SimMan) and bronchoscopy (EndoscopyVR) simulation scenarios. Traditional vital-sign monitors were available 90 degrees from the operative field during all procedures, and residents were additionally randomized with or without continuous wireless vital-sign streaming to Google Glass. User feedback was collected by survey.


Wetland acts as an important part of climatic regulation, water purification, and biodiversity maintenance. As an integral part of wetlands, large shallow lakes play an essential role in protecting ecosystem diversity and providing water sources. Baihe Lake in the Momoge Wetland is one such example, so it is necessary to study the flow pattern characteristics of this lake under different conditions. A new model, based on the lattice Boltzmann method, was used to investigate the effects of different impact factors on flow fields, such as water discharge from surrounding farmland, rainfall, wind speed, and aquatic vegetation. Importantly, this study provides a hydrodynamic basis for local ecological protection and restoration work.


It discloses a product manufactured by the process and these processes suitable for creating polarized light products using a polyvinyl alcohol film. .BACKGROUND


Abstract Problematic use of social networking sites (SNS) and its adverse consequences have become prevalent, yet little is known about the conceptualization and etiology of problematic use of SNS. This study draws on dual-system theory (DST), borrowed from cognitive neuroscience (also known as reflective-impulsive theory of the mind and fast and slow thinking) to investigate what drives this phenomenon. The statistical analyses of time-lagged data collected from 341 Facebook users implicate an imbalance between two systems in the human mind, involving strong cognitive-emotional preoccupation with using the SNS (System 1, impulsive) and weak cognitive-behavioral control over using the SNS (System 2, reflective), as the driver of problematic SNS use behaviors. Problematic use of SNS, in turn, diminishes users' academic performance. This study contributes to research on the dark side of information systems (IS) use by conceptualizing problematic use and explaining its drivers and consequences. It demonstrates that the dual-system theory is an appropriate theoretical perspective for explaining problematic IS use, superior to planned-behavior–based models. It also explains some of the precursors of the dual system factors and offers practical implications to information technology artifact designers and users.


Although decades have passed on language teaching techniques, foreign language teaching is still a subject that does not fall off the agenda and does not lose its originality. It is a fact that there are prejudices against foreign language learning among nation-state citizens or that they have no interest in learning a foreign language. The Iraqi state is in geography where dozens of nations live, and different languages are spoken, and although it is a nation-state, it does not have a mass of people who are closed to foreign language learning like the people of America, England or Turkey. Along with this fact, it is also true that there is a minimal audience that looks at foreign language learning with cultural prejudice. This article focuses on foreign language acquisition in Iraq, language acquisition of children and adults, and the position of Arabic as a foreign language.


One of the most astonishing features of quantum mechanics is that of the entanglement of particles. First introduced as an objection to quantum mechanics by the famous Einstein, Podolsky and Rosen (EPR) thought experiment, entanglement represents the notion of non-local quantum correlations between two or more quantum-mechanical systems. That is, for an entangled pair of particles the measurement of an observable for one particle immediately determines the corresponding value for the other particle, regardless of the distance between the two particles.
This property of entangled systems led to a number of implications that disturbed many scientists and resulted in the emergence of hidden variable theories. Local hidden variable theory assumes that nature can be described by local processes, in which information and correlations propagate at most at the speed of light and in which the observables of a physical system are determined by some unknown (hidden) variables.
It was not until the 1960s when Bell's inequality (and Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt (CHSH) Bell's inequality) demonstrated the possibility of practical experiments to test the validity of quantum theory with respect to local hidden variable theories. A slew of experiments followed to test Bell's inequality, each of which violated the inequality and in turn verified quantum mechanical predictions of entanglement. These results encouraged the search for a method of producing maximally entangled states. Spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC) has proved to be the most efficient technique in generating two-photon entanglement, in which a single photon is split into a pair of lower frequency photons. Shih and Alley were the first to demonstrate a violation of Bell's inequality using SPDC-generated photon pairs. This demonstration was the start of various polarisation-entanglement experiments; however, in 2001, it was shown that the orbital angular momentum (OAM) of light could also be used as a basis for entanglement. The spatial modes associated with different OAM states also demonstrated a distinct advantage over polarisation with regard to the number of states available. Spatial modes possessing OAM have been studied often in recent years because of the infinite-dimensional alphabets they can possibly provide. In particular, the OAM modes of a photon are a very good avenue for exploring higher dimensions. Quantum mechanics in higher dimensional systems has the potential of revolutionising quantum communication and computation protocols. As an example, quantum cryptography using qudits (systems in which there are d orthogonal states) has been shown to be more secure and robust in the presence of noise.
Quantum entanglement has sparked an interest in a number of scientific fields, such as quantum information processing, quantum cryptography and quantum teleportation.
In this paper we report on the first entanglement experiment in South Africa, where quantum correlations were observed for the first time in Africa in 2011. We create a bi-photon pair entangled in their spatial modes, allowing quantum states of high dimension. The paper should serve as a useful guide to encourage further quantum experiments in the region.


A path planning model using hippocampal place cells is presented. It is inspired by sequential place cell activity observed in rodents, which is believed to represent goal-directed planning behavior. The utility of this model, implemented with spiking neuromorphic VLSI neurons, is demonstrated in a motion planning task on a four-segment robotic arm.


El-Nino has been occurred from 1952 to 2016 with the types of weak, medium, strong and very strong. The event of El-Nino has significant impact on all aspects of economy, social, industry and agriculture. There is a decrease in the quantity of water resources such as in the reservoir where the reservoir inflow becomes very small and the water outflow becomes high. At the event of very strong El-Nino is occurred some of the reservoirs will dry. The aim of the research is to investigate the deficit capacity of the reservoir in the event of El-Nino. The data analyzed in this article were the volume of the half-month reservoir, especially in the event of El-Nino events. The analysis of frequency deficit probability was using Weibull probability and Log Pearson Type III distribution. The results show significant decrease in reservoir water volume over a very long-time period. The reservoir volume never reached maximum water level and persists for almost one year. The deficit of reservoir volumes reached was 16,01x10 6 m 3 , 18.64x10 6 m 3 , and 21,07x10 3 m 3 for weak, moderate, and very strong El-Nino, respectively.


7. Began at 20h on March 31st, and ended at about 8h on April 2d, but continued as a moderate disturbance till about midnight of April 5th. The maximum and minimum ordinates are as follows:


Practical effects (contrast, fog, maximum density, and scale index) on the characteristic curves of Ektacolor paper were found for variations in the concentrations of sodium carbonate, potassium bromide, 6-nitrobenzlmidazole nitrate (Kodak AF-71 ) 1 color developing agent (Kodak CD-3), pH<i and citrazinic acid (CZA) In an Ektacolor developer used on the Kodak model 11 drum processor. The effects of pH, citrazinic acid, potassium bromide were found to be significant while the effects 6-nitro benzimidazol nitrate and CD-3 were sig nificant only in isolated insidences.


Recent high tank drawdown data obtained at F reactor during periodic high velocity flushes indicated a reduction in flow to the reactor due to building of corrosion products in the high tank discharge lines. The apparent flow reduction at F reactor was verified by conducting a high tank drawdown test. Visual inspection of B, D, and F high tank discharge lines revealed comparable densities of corrosion product buildup, and high tank drawdown data during high velocity flushes at B and D also indicated a reduction in flow. High tank flow rate to the reactor under simulated emergency conditions needed to be accurately determined to establish current backup adequacy. This report presents the results of the tests which were conducted at D reactor on January 20, 1963 and at B reactor on February 11, 1963.


House sparrows (Passer domesticus) were first introduced at New York City in 1852 and have since colonized most of North America. Present North American populations are mostly descendent from birds from central England (Barrows, 1889). As house sparrows dispersed, populations responded to different selective regimes determined by local conditions. In little more than 100 generations since its introduction, Johnston and Selander ( 1971 ) showed that development of morphological variation has approached the amount seen in this species for the whole of Europe. They related geographic trends in morphological variation to environmental factors, and their interpretations of trends in body size and proportions for North American populations are generally consistent with the ecogeographic rules of Bergmann and Allen. Selection pressures on sparrow populations must vary considerably throughout the continent. A method of measuring such selection intensity is provided by O'Donald (1968a, b, 1970a, 1972, 1973) that uses the proportionate change in fitness, Ar7/rw, as a measure of selection intensity. The model assumed for fitness is a quadratic fitness function, w = 1 a K( -)2. As a character-state, x, deviates from an optimum phenotype, 0, fitness of the individual decreases. Actual fitness is given if the constant a is known, or if a = 0, then fitnesses are relative; K is a constant. From this model, O'Donald (1970b) shows that the change in mean fitness is A?v = Vwl/r, where w7v is mean fitness and Vw is variance in fitness. If the character x is normally distributed, then Afvlfv/ = (x-'C)2/ V + 1/2{ [(X-)2 + (V $-V )V]/ V,}2, where x and V$ are the initial mean and variance of the character and x' and V'$ are these values after some period of selection (O'Donald, 1973). Death can occur for any member of a population through predation, disease, environmental stresses, starvation or accidents. Certain elements of populations may be more susceptible to mortality and in such cases selective deaths will occur. Since Johnston and Selander (1971) have shown that patterns of morphological and climatic variation are highly congruent, suggesting a cause-effect relationship, I felt that any geographic variation in selection on house sparrows was caused primarily by environmental mortality factors. Such influences continuously affect species' populations, and I initially investigated selection in house sparrows with the view of determining relationships between selection intensities and climatic factors. Additionally the questions of when selection initially operated in adapting North American sparrows and to what extent selection still operates on house sparrows were examined.


for the detection of sub ‐ surface defects by applying a combination of FEM ‐ simulation and measurement to support the process of fault classification, the investigation of Mediterranean wall paintings by its optical infrared emission, the development of a portable digital holographic speckle pattern interferometry system for remote ‐ access monitoring in art conservation, photoacoustic imaging for uncovering the hidden content of layered documents, THz ‐ technologies for time domain imaging of immovable cultural heritage materials, optical coherence microscopy for the evaluation of art objects made by marquetry technique, the use of digital image correlation for strain measurement in historic tapes-tries, and of the discrete Fourier transform to control strain in art objects by processing relative humidity data. field inspection and shows the wide bandwidth of modern measurement inspection the cooperation between research groups and to solve significant challenges in artwork protection and conservation.


The longitudinal location precision of the missile borne electronic reconnaissance equipment is not enough. In order to strike the target more accurately, the method of missile-satellite cooperative passive location is proposed, based on the study of the concept of cooperative location, the hierarchy of the missile-satellite cooperative passive location system is divided, and the composition of the cooperative location system is researched according to different cooperative location level analysis. At last, the characteristics and work flow of the system are introduced.


ABSTRACT This research has a background by need Corporate Social Responsibility as logical consequences, which it's principle  explain a c orporat ion mush keep mind on stakeholders as soon as   loyalty and c orporate value. The research aims to know any contribution of good corporate governance and corporate social responsibility as moderate variable t ocorporate value, on manufacturing enterprise, whichregistered in Indonesia 's Busary Effect (BEI) . The research use Moderated Regresion Analysis (MRA). Based on result of analyze data got GoodCorporate Governance have significant contribute t ocorporate value on manufacturing enterprise, registered in Indonesia 's Busary Effect (BEI). Corporate Social Rsesponsibility have significant contribute t ocorporate value on manufacturing enterprise, registered in Indonesia 's Busary Effect (BEI). Good Corporate Governance , moderated Corporate Social Responsibility have not  significant contribute t ocorporate value on manufacturing enterprise, registered in Indonesia 's Busary Effect (BEI). And Good Corporate Governance dan Corporate Social Responsibility have simultaneously significant contribute t ocorporate value on manufacturing enterprise, registered in Indonesia 's Busary Effect (BEI) .


Abstract Concerns for the mounting supply of municipal solid waste being generated combined with decreasing landfill space have compelled military installations to evaluate alternative methods for disposal. One approach to reduce landfilling is the use of a new garbage-processing technology that sterilizes and separates the waste into inorganic and organic components. Thus, a study was initiated to evaluate the effectiveness of using the organic component (Fluff) as a soil amendment for reclamation of disturbed US Army training land. The Fluff material was initially incorporated (10–20 cm) into a highly degraded sandy loam soil (fine-loamy, kaolinitic, thermic Typic Kandiudults) located in a borrow pit at Fort Benning Military Reservation, Georgia, in 2003. The Fluff was applied at rates of 0, 18, 36, 72, and 143 Mg ha−1, and the soil was seeded with native prairie grasses. Soil nutrient retention and plant uptake were evaluated to determine the soil-plant system's sustainability after 5 years. An unseeded control was also evaluated as a comparison of natural recovery. Five years after reclamation, vegetation resulting from natural recovery in the unseeded control was sparse. Fluff addition increased pH, organic matter, and plant nutrient availability in the degraded soil, with the greatest improvements occurring at higher application rates. Soil productivity improvements resulted in greater plant biomass production. Generally, plant nutrient concentrations were not significantly impacted by Fluff addition. However, plant nutrient content was consistently higher with Fluff addition, which was attributed to increased biomass production. Plant nutrient uptakes of N, Ca, Mg, B, Mn, and Zn were within the reference range for grasses, whereas P and K concentrations were slightly deficient. An Fe and Cu concentration toxicity problem at the borrow site was alleviated with higher Fluff application rates, whereas the control and lower Fluff rates accumulated high levels of Fe and Cu within plant tissues. These results suggest that Fluff can be effectively used in land rehabilitation and revegetation practices to create a sustainable native grassland ecosystem.


Methyl torsional overtones (Δv = 2) have been observed for methylcyclopropane, propylene oxide, propylene sulfide, cis-propylene imine, trans-propylene imine, methylcyclobutane, and methylcyclopentane in the Raman effect. From the observed shifts, barriers to internal rotation have been calculated in the vapor state to be 2.95, 2.58, 3,26, 2.97, 2.51, ≥ 2.47, and 2.61–3.03 kcal mole−1, respectively. For this set of compounds the torsional overtones are difficult to identify because they fall very close to the methyl bending modes. Also, for the four- and five-membered rings, interference was found from the low frequency ring motions. In general, the torsional overtones were not nearly as intense as those previously observed for the halogen substituted et hanes.


Abstract : Contents: Physics of Heterostructures and Inversion Layers, Growth and Devices, Multi Quantum Wells and Superlattices, Doping Superlattices, Quantum Hall Effect.


Objective
To investigate outcomes of transanal endoscopic microsurgery(TEM)for the treatment of rectal adenoma and early-stage rectal carcinoma.

Methods
Twenty-one patients with rectal tumors underwent TEM from June 2011 to June 2012.The operation was performed under general anesthesia.The patients were placed in a dependent position dictated by the location of the tumor.A special rectoscope was inserted into the anus with CO2 insufflation to keep the rectum open.Under the stereoscope and laparoscopic-type instruments, the tumor was completely resected(submucosal or full-thickness excision)using a needle diathermy or a 5-mm ultrasonic dissector.The operative wound was closed with intra-lumen continuous sutures.

Results
The rectal tumor was completely removed with negative resection margins in all the 21 patients.The operating time was 45~160 min(mean, 90 min)and the intraoperative blood loss was 0~60 ml(mean, 15 ml). Complications included fever in 5 patients, acute retention of urine in 1 patient, and secondary hemorrhage following Aspirin taking in 2 patients.The postoperative pathological stages were T0 in 11 patients, Tis in 5 patients, T1 in 3, and T2 in 2.Follow-up checkups in the 21 patients until now revealed no local recurrence and distant metastasis.

Conclusions
TEM is a safe and effective minimally invasive surgical technique for the treatment of rectal adenoma and early rectal carcinoma.

Key words:
Rectal neoplasms; Surgical procedures, minimally invasive; Early diagnosis; Adenoma


SUMMARY
Spring wheat, var. 'Phoebus', drilled at 11/2 times the usual rate and grown with three rates of nitrogen was treated with 2.5 or 5 lb. CCC per acre at the sixth-leaf stage. At maturity, the height of treated plants was only 60% of that of untreated plants, but the percentage shortening was less as nitrogen increased. Although untreated plants did not lodge, CCC increased mean grain yield by 5% by increasing the number of ears and number of grains per ear. Grain weight per ear and thousand-grain weight were decreased by CCC. The explanation of the increase in shoot number by CCC is not known, but possibly less light was intercepted by the shorter plants, so that later-formed shoots survived to produce ears.

CCC decreased assimilatory area by shortening stems and hence leaf sheath area; lamina area was little affected. It delayed ear emergence by up to 8 days, Leaf-area index was decreased by CCC and as it increased, net assimilation rate decreased. CCC did not affect nitrogen uptake per unit area of land but it increased nitrogen as percentage of dry matter because it decreased dry-matter yields.


Abstract Background We previously reported that lymphocytopenia and T cell exhaustion is notable in acute COVID19 patients, especially in aged and severe cases. Thymosin alpha 1 (Tα1) had been used in the treatment of viral infections as an immune response modifier for many years. However, clinical benefits and mechanism of Tα1 supplement to COVID-19 are still unclear. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the clinical outcomes of 76 severe cases with COVID-19 admitted into two hospitals in Wuhan from December 2019 to March 2020. The thymus output in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from COVID-19 patients was measured by T cell receptor excision circles (TREC). The levels of T cell exhaustion markers PD-1 and Tim-3 on CD8+ T cells were detected by flow cytometry. Results Compared with untreated group, Tα1 treatment significantly reduces mortality of severe COVID-19 patients (11.11% vs. 30.00%, p=0.044). Tα1 timely enhances blood T cell numbers in COVID-19 patients with severe lymphocytopenia (the counts of CD8+ T cells or CD4+ T cells in circulation lower than 400/μL or 650/μL, respectively). Under such conditions, Tα1 also successfully restores CD8+ and CD4+ T cell numbers in aged patients. Meanwhile, Tα1 reduces PD-1 and Tim-3 expression on CD8+ T cells from severe COVID-19 patients in comparison with untreated cases. It is of note that restoration of lymphocytopenia and acute exhaustion of T cells are roughly parallel to the rise of TRECs. Conclusions Tα1 supplement significantly reduce mortality of severe COVID-19 patients. COVID-19 patients with the counts of CD8+ T cells or CD4+ T cells in circulation lower than 400/μL or 650/μL, respectively, gain more benefits from Tα1. Tα1 reverses T cell exhaustion and recovers immune reconstitution through promoting thymus output during SARS-CoV-2 infection.


In recent years, the concept of edge computing has risen. The network computing structure has gradually changed from a centralized cloud service cluster to a cloud-edge collaborative service system. But at the same time, the limited resources of edge nodes and the complex network environment make it easier to become the target of network intrusion, resulting in the collapse of nodes. Aiming at the security threats faced by edge nodes, we propose an edge network intrusion detection method based on feature selection and TextCNN. Enhance the correlation between features and eigenvalues through feature selection, and reduce the intrusion detection cost of nodes. The feature information of the sample is extracted through TextCNN, and the feature information is combined and correlated through the proposed correlation pooling layer, so as to improve the accuracy of model detection. Finally, the method is tested on the kddcup99 dataset. Compared with traditional methods, the accuracy, recall and f1 score of the model are improved, which proves the feasibility and effectiveness of the method.


Most musicians are interested in incorporating new musical ideas they can use to please a wider variety of paying audiences. Black and white Southern musicians performing in the United States in th...


SUMMARY We study theoretically the interaction of elastic waves caused by non-linearities of rock elastic moduli, and assess the possibility to use this phenomenon in hydrocarbon exploration and in the analysis of rock samples. In our calculations we use the five-constant model by Gol'dberg. It is shown that the interaction of plane waves in isotropic solids is completely described by five coupling coefficients, which have the same order of magnitude. By considering scattering of compressional waves generated by controlled sources at the Earth surface from a non-linear layer at the subsurface, we conclude that non-linear signals from deep formations are unlikely to be measured with the current level of technology. Our analysis of field tests where non-linear signals were measured, suggests that these signals are generated either in the shallow subsurface or in the vicinity of sources. Non-linear wave interaction might be observable in lab tests with focused ultrasonic beams. In this case, the non-linear response is generated in the secondary parametric array formed by linear beams scattered from inclusions. Although the strength of this response is controlled by non-linearity of the surrounding medium rather than by non-linearity of inclusions, its measurement can help to obtain better images of rock samples.


A low-power bypassing Booth multiplier for mobile multimedia applications is proposed. The bypassing structure directly transfers input values to outputs without switching the internal nodes of a multiplier, enabling low-power design. The proposed Booth multiplier adopts the bypassing structure while the bypassing is usually adopted in the Braun multipliers. Simulation results show the proposed Booth multiplier achieves an 11% reduction in terms of the proposed FoM compared to prior works.


The invention relates to a method of using double light sources to extract an iris boundary, an eyelash and a light spot and an apparatus thereof. The method comprises the following steps of using an image sensor to collect a human eye image so as to acquire a visible light human eye image when the light sources are visible light; using the image sensor to collect the human eye image so as to acquire a near infrared human eye image when the light sources are near infrared light; carrying out histogram matching processing on the visible light human eye image and the near infrared human eye image respectively so as to acquire a visible light matching image and a near infrared light matching image; calculating a pixel difference value of same areas of the visible light matching image and the near infrared light matching image so as to acquire a difference value image; carrying out binarization processing on the difference value image so as to acquire a binary image; according to a pixel value, segmenting the binary image so as to acquire an iris area image, an eyelash image and a light spot image. By using the method and the apparatus of the invention, a calculated amount is small. The method and the apparatus of the invention possess strong applicability and high robustness. The method and the apparatus are suitable for iris, long-distance iris and other systems with many image noises and severe deformation under a mobile state.


The U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission and Sandia National Laboratories sponsored a project to evaluate psychological scaling techniques for use in qenerating estimates of human error probabilities. The project evaluated two techniques: direct numerical estimation and paired comparisons. Expert estimates were found to be consistent across and within judaes. Converaent validity was good, in comparison to estimates in a handbook of human reliability. Predictive validity could not be established because of the lack of actual relative frequencies of error (which will be a difficulty inherent in validation of any procedure used to estimate HEPs). Application of expert estimates in probabilistic risk assessment and in human factors is discussed.


An apparatus and a method are described, by which a fragmentation probability is determined which indicates a probability of fragmentation of frequency resources in at least one network section for at least one network operating entity. Moreover, an apparatus and a method are described, by which frequency resources in at least one network section are allocated and/or de-allocated, priorities of frequency resources are defined for at least one network operating entity individually, and allocating and/or de-allocating of the frequency resources for the at least one network operating entity is performed based on the priorities. For allocating and/or de-allocating of the frequency resources, also the fragmentation probability may be taken into account.


Flow reactor technology represents one of the new s trategies introduced in recent years to advance the sustainability of organic synthesis and shows m any advantages compared with the classical batch methods, such as increased safety, high contr ol of reaction parameters, possibility of automation, reduced manual handling, in-line purifi cations, reaction telescoping and increased contact surface between phases in biphasic or triph as c systems.1 Over the last few years, one of our research lines has been focused on devising efficient continuousflow synthetic procedures to generate chemical comp lexity and produce pharmaceutically and nutraceutically relevant compounds, exploiting the use of immobilised reagents, scavengers and catalysts in flow reactors (Scheme 1). This strateg y l d to the obtainment of a small library of variously decorated thiazoles and imidazoles,2 to t he multi-step synthesis of N-Boc-3,4-dehydro-Lproline methyl ester, the precursor of a number of n n-natural amino acids active on the glutamatergic system,3 and to the obtainment of a s erie of bicyclicΔ2-isoxazolines, intermediates in the synthesis of novel DNA methyltransferase 1 i nhibitors.4 Recently, we also explored the innovative combinati on of biocatalysis with the flow chemistry facilities, using both immobilised enzymes (e.g. No vozyme 435) and whole cells.5,6 The application of whole cells in a flow reactor combin es the advantages of an easy to produce biocatalyst, that can be employed even without immo bilization, with a process-intensification technology, that can dramatically improve the perfo rmances of biotransformations, in particular in terms of productivity. At present, we are studying multi-phase enzymatic reactions in presence of immiscible liquids or gases (unpublished results).


The aim of this study was to discuss the causes of the deterioration in the balance of Iran's foreign trade in agricultural goods, with special reference to cereals and sugar in the period 1960-75. To this end, trade and determinants of trade were studied. Trade was studied to detect any deterioration in the balance of trade in relation to changes in supply and demand and to show whether causes were external or internal. Aspects of trade studied were amount, composition and direction. The supply study discussed the problems of the Iranian agricultural sector and those of the cereals and sugar sub-sectors which mainly arose from inappropriate government policies. The demand study discussed the causes of changes in consumption of and demand for cereals and sugar. The study was divided into four parts comprising 16 chapters. Part I was a background study to the thesis including problems of agricultural production and trade in LDCs, the history of Iran's foreign trade, trends in Iranian foreign trade in agricultural goods and patterns of food supply and demand in Iran. Part II was devoted to study of the potential, shortcomings and pattern of development of Iranian agriculture and appraisal of government agricultural policies. Part III was concerned with the study of determinants of Iran's foreign trade in cereals. After analysis of world production and trade in cereals, trends in Iran's foreign cereal trade were discussed as a prelude to examination of Iran's cereal supply and demand position. Part IV examined determinants of Iran's foreign trade in sugar. After a review of world background and the history of sugar production, processing and trade in Iran, supply and demand patterns in Iran in relation to government policies were studied. The thesis concluded by showing the causes and degrees of change in Iran's food import dependence. It showed that Iran's problem of a fast- growing trade deficit in agricultural products was a function of demand outstripping the capacity of an inefficient and incompetent agriculture mainly arising from the failure of government policies.


There are some technical problems in the preparation of mixed charge for calcium carbide furnace, such as cumbersome operation, inaccurate ratio and uneven mixing. Based on the analysis of burden proportioning calculation, working principle of batching equipment and batching operation requirements, this paper designs a control system based on frequency converter, PLC and HMI by using frequency converter frequency modulation and master-slave following method, which well meets the requirements of accurate preparation, mixing uniformity and multi batch operation of calcium carbide furnace mixture. The practical application in the production field shows that the designed control system has the advantages of accurate burden ratio, simple operation, high production efficiency and reliability.


Experimental and computational efforts focused on characterizing crack tip curvature in muscovite mica. Wedge-driven cracks were propagated under monochromatic light. Micrographs verified the subtle curvature of the crack front near the free surface. A cohesive approach was employed to model mixed-mode fracture in a three-dimensional framework. Finite element calculations captured the crack curvature observed in experiment.


The stability problem of functional equations originated from a question of Ulam 1 concerning the stability of group homomorphisms. Hyers 2 gave a first affirmative partial answer to the question of Ulam for Banach spaces. Hyers' Theorem was generalized by Aoki 3 for additive mappings and by Th. M. Rassias 4 for linear mappings by considering an unbounded Cauchy difference. The paper of Th. M. Rassias 4 has provided a lot of influence in the development of what we call generalized Hyers-Ulam stability of functional equations. A generalization of the Th. M. Rassias theorem was obtained by Găvruţa 5 by replacing the unbounded Cauchy difference by a general control function in the spirit of Th. M. Rassias' approach. The stability problems of several functional equations have been extensively investigated by a number of authors, and there are many interesting results concerning this problem see 6–19 . J. M. Rassias 20, 21 following the spirit of the innovative approach of Th. M. Rassias 4 for the unbounded Cauchy difference proved a similar stability theorem in which he replaced the factor ‖x‖p ‖y‖p by ‖x‖p · ‖y‖q for p, q ∈ R with p q / 1 see also 22 for a number of other new results . We recall a fundamental result in fixed point theory. Let X be a set. A function d : X × X → 0,∞ is called a generalized metric on X if d satisfies


Cortisol is secreted by children and adults in a pulsatile pattern of 15–30 peaks and nadirs each day with a circadian rhythm. Newborns are known to lack the circadian pattern, leading to uncertainty about the appropriate time for blood sampling for assessment of adrenal function. Because extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants may manifest signs of adrenal insufficiency, knowledge of the pattern of cortisol levels is necessary to guide the appropriate timing of blood sampling. To define the pattern of plasma cortisol levels in 14 ELBW infants, we obtained blood specimens every 20 min over a 6-h period at 4–6 days of life. Although cortisol levels in the 14 infants ranged from 2.0–54.5μ g/dL, each infant's cortisol levels varied little from his or her own mean cortisol level. The sds calculated from each infant's mean cortisol level were small, ranging from 0.37–4.12μ g/dL. Cluster analysis was applied to the data; only 0.6 cortisol pulses/infant·6-h period were detected. Each infant's plasma cortisol l...


Procedure: 1) Review the concepts of potential and kinetic energy. Here is a simple article you can share with your students. 2) Have students demonstrate potential and kinetic energy with a pencil. (Potential energy can be represented by holding the pencil in the air. Kinetic energy can be represented by dropping the pencil.) 3) Discuss with students that they will be the scientist behind this experiment. Explain to students what makes up the scientific method. (Question, hypothesis, materials, experiment, results, and conclusion) 4) Have students choose two similar objects to perform their own experiment that uses potential and kinetic energy. Start with students forming a question that can be tested in school using potential and kinetic energy with their objects. Have students create a hypothesis for their experiment. 5) Next ask students to make a list of materials they will need for their experiment. Then have students think through the procedures to complete this experiment. Make sure student write the steps to their experiment. 6) Allow each student to conduct their experiment and document their results. 7) Give students the opportunity to make a table or graph that represents their results and the results of other students' experiments. Then have students draw conclusions based on their results. 8) Review with students the potential and kinetic components in each experiment.


Sir It has been estimated that 25-40% or more pregnancies end in spontaneous abortions and that at least 80% happened in the first trimester!. There are many causes of spontaneous abortion, but it is now known that about 60% of abortuses expelled spontaneously in the first trimester are chromosomally abnormaF. The types of chromosomal abnormality usually found in abortuses are autosomal trisomy, monosomy X, triploidy, tetraploidy, structural abnormality and mosaic3•


These RISC or Reduced Instruction Set Computer is a design philosophy that has become a mainstream in Scientific and engineering applications. The main objective of this paper is to design and implement of 32 - bit RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computer) processor using XILINX VIRTEX4 Tool for embedded and portable applications. The design will help to improve the speed of processor, and to give the higher performance of the processor. The most important feature of the RISC processor is that this processor is very simple and support load/store architecture. The important components of this processor include the Arithmetic Logic Unit, Shifter, Rotator and Control unit. The module functionality and performance issues like area, power dissipation and propagation delay are analyzed using Virtex4 XC4VLX15 XILINX tool.


Comparing with the method of EDTA-titration, the method to determine hardness of water by flame-atomic-absorption was introduced in this paper. The results showed that the flame-atomic-absorption was more simple, same nicety and credibility


The experiments on gold\|disk and hohlraum and plastic hydrocarbon foil targets irradiated by laser beams with wavelengths 0 35?μm (Xingguang\|Ⅱ) and 0.53?μm (Shenguang\|Ⅰ) are performed.The characteristics of hot electrons are commonly deduced from the spectrum of hard X\|ray.Associated with the measurement of backward stimulated Raman scattering and (3/2) ω 0,the production mechanism of hot electrons for different target types is analyzed in laser plasma with shorter wavelength.An effective way to suppress hot electrons has been found.


Cooling-dominated commercial and institutional buildings served by ground-source heat pump (GSHP) systems generally reject more heat to a closed ground-loop heat exchanger (GLHE) than they extract over the annual cycle. This imbalance may result in a significantly larger GLHE than would be required for a system with annually balanced heat rejection and extraction. So-called "hybrid GSHP systems" use supplemental heat rejecters (such as cooling towers, fluid coolers, cooling ponds, or pavement heating systems) to reject excess heat on a seasonal or diurnal basis, thereby reducing the required size of the GLHE and, hence, the first cost of the system. The design challenge lies in finding the optimum size of both the GLHE and the supplemental heat rejecter, which directly depends upon the control strategy used to reject the excess heat. This study uses a system simulation approach to investigate various design alternatives with the aim of optimally sizing a GLHE with a cooling pond supplemental heat rejecter. A control strategy is selected based on the results of a previous study, and a life-cycle cost comparison is conducted for various design cases in two different climatic regions. This study demonstrates the usefulness of system simulation as a tool for determining the optimal design of hybrid groundsource heat pump systems.


Numerous experiments in this laboratory and elsewhere 1 have shown that all cations in low concentration stimulate, and in higher concentration inhibit, bacterial viability. It has been suggested that the stimulating effect was associated with increased diffusion through the cell wall—the inhibitive effect with decreased diffusion. Shaughnessy and Winslow 2 demonstrated that salt concentrations known to be favorable did show an increase in ammonia in the menstruum surrounding the cells while toxic concentrations showed a reverse effect. No bacterial counts were made in these experiments, however; and the purpose of the present study was to check these earlier results by parallel determinations of bacterial numbers and diffusion products. Heavy cultures of Esch. coli were washed off in distilled water, from 12-18 hour agar surface growths in Blake bottles, filtered through paper or cotton to remove clumps or agar, and centrifuged twice to remove soluble foreign materials. The washed cells were then divided into 4 portions which were resuspended respectively in distilled water, in 0.05-0.08 Molar NaCl, in 0.8-1.0 Molar NaCl and in 2.0 Molar NaCl. They were allowed to stand in contact with these menstrua for 30 minutes at 37°. The cells were then removed by centrifugation and the ammonia in the menstruum determined by direct Nesslerization after preliminary clarification by the Standard Methods for Water Analysis of the A.P.H.A. with slight modification. This modification consisted of comparing each specimen with a separate set of color standards containing a corresponding amount of clarified NaCl, since it was found that the different concentrations of NaCl employed caused different degrees of interference with normal Nessler color development. The basic data for 5 experiments are presented in Table I, with computations of rate of ammonia yield per cell per hour based on the mean of the initial and final counts.


1 Rallapalli PM, Kemball-Cook G, Tuddenham EG, Gomez K, Perkins SJ. Factor VIII mutation database, 2014. Available at http:// www.factorviii-db.org/. Accessed May 1, 2015. 2 Miskinyte S, Butler MG, Herv e D et al. Loss of BRCC3 deubiquitinating enzyme leads to abnormal angiogenesis and is associated with syndromic moyamoya. Am J Hum Genet 2011; 88: 718–28. 3 Janczar S, Fogtman A, Koblowska M et al. Novel severe hemophilia A and moyamoya (SHAM) syndrome caused by Xq28 deletions encompassing F8 and BRCC3 genes. Blood 2014; 123: 4002–4. 4 Winter P, Egan H, McNulty O, Jones FG, O'Donnell J, Jenkins PV. A recurrent F8 mutation in Irish haemophilia A patients: evidence for a founder effect.Haemophilia 2008; 14: 394–5.


As an energy source of mobile system including robot, Li battery is extensively applied. To increase durability and efficient usage of battery, it is to require the rigorous management to battery controller, BMS,. Of them, the exact estimation of SOC is very important for correct usage. In this paper, introducing the design of BMS simply and, as a estimation method of SOC, dual extended Kalman filter is proposed and proven through simulation based on the real data of current and voltage of battery.


Through thisatresearch, there are 3 variables that will be studied scientifically. The three variables are worki discipline, work motivation and employee performance at PT Duta Dimensi Batam. The purpose of this study is to find answers to 3 problem formulations based on this research variable. The three formulations are presented in a hypothesis that work discipline has a positive and significant effect on employee performance at PT Duta Dimensi Batam. Both work motivation has a positive and significant effect on the performance of employees at PT Duta Dimensi Batam. The Work discipline and work motivation have a positive and significant effect on the performance of employees of PT. Duta Dimensi Batam. The sample used in this study were 110 respondents and had 15 questionnaire items that were considered valid and reliable in scientific data collection. The research method used to answer each goal of the three problem indicators. The research instrument used SPSS25 with a quantitative descriptive approach. From the results of this study it can be analyzed that the results of the regression test have a significant value of the discipline variable of 0.000 and a calculated t value of 2.016. The results of the regression analysis that the variable motivation of workers is 0.000 with a value of t arithmetic of 8.012. The three hypotheses set by the author in this study are acceptable. It can be concluded that the two variables significantly influence this research.


Summary This article is a shortened version of one prepared as background to a presentation which the author was invited to give at the International Conference on Environmental Education held in Guangzhou in December 1994. It uses video extracts about environment and development issues in China to explore how television can best be used with interactive teaching techniques to further the aims of a critical education which promotes sustainable development. The article introduces some of the central concepts of media education and describes classroom activities which environment and development educators have borrowed and adapted from this field. Readers may be frustrated by not having the video extracts to watch as they read the article, but their interest may be increased by knowing that the Guangzhou Environmental Protection Board censored the author's presentation on his arrival at the conference. The original article was cut from the proceedings and the interactive presentation was taken out of the pr...


The prothoracicotropic hormone (PTTH) produced by the neurosecretory cells in insects is involved in molting and metamorphosis by activating the prothoracic frins) glands to secrete ecdysone (or related ecdvsteroidsl. In the present study, the small PTTH-like gene was isolated by screening of CDNA library using the bombvxin (corresponding to small PTTH in Bombvx moril gene probe in Drosophilo melonogaster. It showed 50-6096 sequence homology to bombyxin gene. The expression patterns of this gene showed developmental stage- and tissue-dependent manners. The mRNA was detected only in the late third instar larval-prepupa which is stases showing the highest hormonal activity to secrete ecdysteroids, and detected in the brain pan of the Isle third instar lanrae.


RESULTS Of the 103 patients who entered, 102 completed the trial and 1 patient who died in the early post-operative period was excluded. Table I shows the characteristics of the patients in the trial including the type of incision and the numbers of clean and contaminated cases. One-hundred-and-thirty-four samples of serosanguinous fluid were aspirated from 71 of the patients (69.6%). Of these, 18 (13.4%) grew bacteria (Table II). SUMMARY 'Op-Site' was used as a post-operative dressing in 102 patients undergoing abdominal surgery. The wound infection rate was 7.8% showing that this dressing does not predispose to an increased incidence of wound infection.


We investigated the photoluminescence (PL) properties of ZnO nanowires with and without covering with polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA). Low temperature PL spectra of as-grown ZnO nanowires are dominated by near band edge (NBE) emission due to donor bound excitons and free-to-bound recombination (FB). FB emission persists till 300 K and together with free exciton emission governs the lineshape of the PL spectra. After covering with PMMA, the integral intensity of NBE emission increases about three times, indicating significantly improved excitonic emission efficiency. A model based on surface states and energy bands theory was proposed to interpret this emission enhancement.


Chicks develop refractive errors in response to defocusing lenses. Mean ocular refractions (MOR) and astigmatism were measured in chicks that developed myopia in response to unilaterally applied negative lenses (-30 D, n = 19; -15 D, n = 16). The MOR of the control eyes emmetropized with age and both goggle powers were fully compensated given enough time. The initial slopes of plots of MOR with age are not significantly different between inducing lens powers. Astigmatism in control eyes decreased significantly with age. In the presence of -30 D lenses, astigmatism significantly increased with age due to an exponential increase in JCC45 (oblique Jackson crossed cylinder). Although not statistically significant, a similar but smaller trend was observed for the -15 D lenses. Thus, oblique astigmatism results during myopia induction by high-powered lenses. This induced astigmatism is correlated with MOR. These results are consistent with emmetropization of astigmatism, which is disrupted by high-powered spherical lenses.


Humpback grouper requires suitable water quality for life whether physics, biology, or chemistry aspect. The purpose of this study is to determine the physical indicators, chemical parameters, and the appropriateness level of waters for potentially conducting fish farming activities of Humpback grouper by employing floating cage in waters of Bay Rigaih, Aceh Jaya District. Researcher conducted the study from August to September 2016 and employed survey approach. Determining the location of the sampling point is by using purposive sampling. The sampling coordinates recorded with the Global Positioning System (GPS). Based on data from research sampling, The results show mean value for each physical parameters such as: a). The depth is 9.5 m; b). the brightness is 3.7 m; c). water temperature is27,66 o c; d). The current speed is 20.25 cm/sec. Samples of some stations show mean values of chemical parameters such as: a). DO is 7.65 mg / l; b). pH is 7.59; c). salinity is 38.75 ppt. The High level of appropriatenessfor humpback grouper farming was shown at station 4 for every physical and chemical parameter, so itconcludesthat station 4 meet the criteria of quality waters for the development


Data Analysis and Processing Information in Landscape Planning Introduction Stages in Landscape Planning Studies Techniques for Data Analysis in Landscape Planning Techniques for the Integreation of Information in Landscape Planning THE USE OF INFORMATION IN LANDSCAPE PLANNING Using the Inventory: Models in Landscape Planning Generalization in the Processing of Information Significance of the Elements Specification of Objectives Descriptive Studies Prescriptive Studies Models References Landscape Inventory Introduction Spatial Structure Analysis Analysis of Spatial Structure of Land Use Analysis of the Visual Structure of a Point Analysis of the Visual Structure of the Area References TECHNIQUES FOR ANALYZING INFORMATION Techniques for Multivariate Analysis Bivariate Measures of Association N-Variate Measures of Association Measurements of Distance Between Sample Points Clustering Techniques Discriminant Analysis References Techniques for Spatial and Temporal Analysis Analysis in the Time Domain Analysis in the Frequency Domain Analysis of Lattice Data Analysis of Scattered Points References TECHNIQUES FOR PROCESSING INFORMATION Scaling Methods Prerequisites for Applying Scaling Methods Value Functions Soft Techniques Direct Methods for Obtaining Preference References Optimization of Land Use Allocation A Bayesian Framework for Land Use Allocation A Characterization of the Best Land Use Allocation of Linear Activities References Index


Plate fin heat sinks (PFHS) are widely used to remove heat from the microelectronic devices. In the present study, a new type of compound heat sink, named as plate-pin fin heat sink (PPFHS), is employed to improve the air cooling performance. With CFD numerical method, PPFHSs with five forms of pin cross-section profiles (square, circular, elliptic, NACA 0050, and dropform) and PFHS were simulated. Two different length scales were adopted to evaluate the performance of six types of heat sinks, including PFHS. One of the length scales is commonly used by many investigators, which is two times of the channel spacing. The other length scale is suggested by volume averaging theory (VAT), which is four times of average porosity divided by specific interface. The influence of pin fin cross-section profile on the flow and heat transfer characteristics was presented by means of Nusselt number, pressure drop and overall efficiency. It is found that the Nu number of a PPFHS is at least 35% higher than that of a PFHS used to construct the PPFHS at the same Reynolds number no matter which length scale was used. It is also revealed that the heat transfer enhancement of square PPFHS is offset by its excessively high pressure drop, which makes it not as efficient as the other types of PPFHS. Circular PPFHS performs similar to the streamline shaped PPFHS when the Reynolds number is not too high. However, with the increase in Re the advantage of the circular cross-section diminishes. Using the streamline shaped pins, not only the pressure drop of the compound heat sinks could be decreased considerably, the heat transfer enhancement also makes a step forward. However, evaluating the performance of heat sinks by using the commonly used length scale, the benefit of streamline shaped types of PPFHSs is a little bit overstated. The VAT suggested length scale is more reasonable to do the performance comparison of different heat sinks, especially when it is difficult to provide a fair and physically meaningful basis for the comparison. In short, the present numerical simulation provides original information of the influence of different pin-fin cross-section profiles on the thermal and hydraulic performance of the new type compound heat sink and emphasizes the importance of choosing a proper length scale when evaluating heat transfer enhancement, which is helpful in the design of heat sinks.© 2011 ASME


Steffen Rothe, Stefan Hartmann and Nachum Frage 1 Institute of Applied Mechanics Clausthal University of Technology Adolph-Roemer-Str. 2a, 38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany email: firstname.lastname@example.com, web page: http://www.itm.tu-clausthal.de 2 Department of Materials Engineering Ben-Gurion University of the Negev PO.Box 653, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel email: firstname.lastname@example.com web page: http://cmsprod.bgu.ac.il/Eng/engn/mater/


A central goal of mathematics instruction in secondary school is a conceptual understanding of numbers, not only as an important ingredient of the basic numeracy, but also as a foundation of continuous mathematics (e.g., the calculus) and even as a major step in the history of ideas. This goal is by no means trivial, since the concept of real numbers intertwines numerical, arithmetical, algebraic, and topological strands.


We investigated effect of small black soybean fraction (SBSF) T cell-mediated responses for tumor surveillance and proliferation in leukemia cells in vitro. Each SBSF butanol fraction (SBSFBu) and SBSF chloroform fraction (SBSFCh) was administered p.o. once a day for 21 days in BALB/c mice and then levels of serum cytokines and subpopulation of lymphocytes were measured. Moreover, SBSF fraction was treated into the cultured various cell lines for proliferation in leukemia cell lines, NO production by RAW264.7 cells, and expression of p53 gene in U937 leukemia cells. These results showed that SBSFBu increased levels of serum IL-4 but not IL-2 and IFN-γ, and increased expression of CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells in splenocytes in vivo, while SBSFCh increased levels of serum IL-2 and IFN-γ but decreased IL-4, and increased CD8+ T cells but not CD4+ T cells. Moreover, both of SBSFBu and SBSFCh inhibited proliferation of HL60, U937, and L1210 leukemia cell lines in a dose-dependent manner, up-regulated NO production by RAW264.7 cells in a dose-dependent manner, and enhanced expression of p53 gene in U937 leukemia cells. Our findings indicate that SBSFBu and SBSFCh may enhance T cell-dependent immune responses, and that both of SBSFBu and SBSFCh may inhibit proliferation of leukemia cells by up-regulation of NO production and expression of p53 gene.


Kitchen hoods are limited in discharging all contaminants produced during cooking. Contaminants that have not been discharged can rise to the upper part of the kitchen and become stacked. To solve this problem, there is a way to increase the air volume of the kitchen hood, but there are limits, so a new system is required. This study proposes the Duct System (IADK : Inducing Airflow Duct system for Kitchen hood )through 3D printers and experiments. To do this, the pressure is measured to verify the three levels of air volume provided by the kitchen hood. To check the degree of loss of flow in the existing kitchen hood system, install flexible ducts alone to measure the pressure. Change the internal diameter and type of connection of the IADK and measure the pressure. The air pressure, static pressure difference, and loss factor are calculated and analyzed using the pressure measured through the experiment.


The growing interest in Vehicular Ad-hoc NETworks (VANETs) is encouraging its deployment in new environments, allowing the development of safety and entertainment applications. Vehicles can connect to other vehicles or to the infrastructure, providing an Internet connection. The communication equipment placed inside the vehicles may have multiple network interfaces of diverse technologies, such as IEEE 802.11p/WAVE, IEEE 802.11a/g/n (WiFi) and cellular. This diversity enables the exploration of Multihoming (MH) and Network Coding (NC) mechanisms which can be used to provide higher bandwidth and reliability to these services, reducing packet losses due to poor wireless signal quality, therefore improving the final Quality-of-Service (QoS). This dissertation enhances the communication quality of a MH vehicular network by improving its mobility protocol and the NC mechanisms. Specifically, changes were performed to ensure the reliability of control mobility messages to help the infrastructure to react faster to the wireless communication conditions of a mobile node. On a different perspective, it has been provided a mechanism to enable NC through different technologies being used in MH, and making use of all technologies simultaneously to code and recover the packets. Both approaches were evaluated with real systems in a laboratory scenario. The obtained results on the reliability of the control messages show that the new approach is able to provide higher communication reliability, reducing the packet losses presented in case of an abrupt disconnection, and when in presence of other connections. For the multi-technology architecture proposed for the NC, the experimental tests evaluated its impact on the effective delivery ratio and the delay. The comparative results show that the multi-technology approach integrated with MH has a better delivery ratio when compared to the single-technology, despite the small impact on the packet delay.


Discover and document whether the power park concept is technically and economically viable as a clean energy system, and if so, under what operating and market conditions. Specific objectives include: • Identify the drivers of economic performance for multi-use hydrogen energy systems including energy sources (renewable & conventional fuel sources), capital costs, operation and maintenance (OM test potential for "green power" customers. • Educate the public: promote awareness of hydrogen-based energy systems through development of educational materials and group sponsored events.


In the context of ancient Judaism, the Dead Sea Scrolls are often thought to provide a paradigm example of sectarianism in an extreme form. The Community Rule and Damascus Document, both of which are found in multiple copies in the Scrolls, describe a community in tension with the larger entity of Israel, from which it has separated. Carol Newsom was tacitly assuming that "sectarian," in the context of the Dead Sea Scrolls, implies a relation to "the Qumran community". Newsom's study was seminal insofar as she called for a distinction between texts that can be clearly attributed to the yaḥad and those that can not. This chapter reviews the sectarian self-understanding found in the undisputedly sectarian works, the rule books and 4QMMT, and turn to the more problematic case of a wisdom text, 4QInstruction. Keywords: ancient Judaism; Carol Newsom; Dead Sea Scrolls; Qumran community; sectarianism; yaḥad


A railroad car having universal coupling capability through provision of a coupling arrangement which permits connection to a standard coupler or a drawbar. The coupling arrangement includes facing sill side frames which define key slots and spaced stops to accommodate force transfer of traction and buff loads from either a coupler or a drawbar.


Abstract : Experimental investigations and theoretical modeling of the energy deposition and acceleration processes in 1kW-class arcjet thrusters using hydrazine propellant are presented. The report highlights detailed research in arcjet fundamentals that was reported in the two Ph.D. theses of S.A. Bufton and T.W. Megli. We report for the first time the evidence of thermal non-equilibrium (different electron and gas temperatures). Chemical kinetics for hydrazine dissociation and ionization play important roles in the overall energy conversion. Electrostatic probe measurements at the exit plane validate the model.


The research examines the relation between employee engagement and empowerment, and how the strength of this relationship is affected by age. The research includes an internet-based survey to a sample of civil servants in the public sector. The survey consists of questions related to the individual's perceived work-situation. The analysis shows a positive correlation between the two variables, r = .705, n = 129, p < .01. The values for pearson correlation coefficient ( r ) between constructed age categories shows a weaker relationship in the younger category (20-39), r = .604, n = 41 , p < .01, than in the older category (40-50 +), r = . 739, n = 88, < .01. The research contributes to a deeper understanding in the field and to clarify relevant elements in work-related motivation. The insights may be used in the formulation of organizational strategies.


The first observation of quasiperiodic oscillations in a model of the Belousov–Zhabotinskii reaction is presented and the evolution along two parameter paths of the associated torus is described. Comparison is made with experiment and the hysteresis–Hopf normal form. The model dynamics is shown to be more complex than that of the normal form. The torus is also shown to be related to two other features of the BZ reaction: (1) the transition from small amplitude to mixed‐mode oscillations and (2) alternating periodic–chaotic sequences.


Shrimp is an important aquaculture species. Litopenaeus vannamei, Fenneropenaeus chinensis, Marsupenaeus japonicus, and Penaeus monodon are the main cultivated species in the world. The yield of shrimp culture was about 3,130,000 tons in the year 2013. Though shrimp industry has been made great progress in the last decade, shrimp diseases still endangering the healthy development of this industry. On the one hand, occurring of shrimp disease was the result of kinds of pathogenic microorganism infection, such as WSSV. On the other hand, environmental stress also played an important role in disease outbreak. Researchers have paid more attention to the shrimp immune system, and mechanism of environmental stress responding nowadays. Shrimp immune system, including physical barriers, cellular immunity and humoral immunity, was important for shrimp to combat diseases. Among these, humoral immunity was the most well studied. Currently, the main pathways of the shrimp immune system, including TLRs pathway, IMD pathway, JAK-STAT pathway, RNAi pathway, P38 MAPK pathway, and JNK pathway have been proved to play important roles in shrimp immunity. Meanwhile, shrimp unfolded protein response (UPR) was considered to be the core of its environmental stress resistance system. In addition to ATF6 pathway, the other two branches of UPR, the IRE1-XBP1 pathway and PERK-eIF2α pathway have been shown to exist, and took effect in shrimp environmental stress responding. These studies also revealed a secret of WSSV: it activated and used a number of immune pathways as well as the UPR of shrimp, to increase its genes replication. This review intends to present the latest development in shrimp innate immunity, UPR, and their regulation on WSSV. It will also help us to understand the relationship between shrimp humoral immune response/UPR and WSSV infection.


Pre‐frailty has been identified as a clinically silent mechanism pre‐disposing people to frailty. The goal of this study is to investigate the impact of low‐dose metformin on pre‐diabetic pre‐frail patients (>50 years) on skeletal muscle mass, speed of gait, handgrip power, and health‐related quality of life (HR‐QoL).


Abstract Lower Cambrian strata in the Adelaide Geosyncline in South Australia contain rich faunas of Archaeocyatha. Recent Russian and French research has established a Lower Cambrian archaeocyathan faunal succession in Siberia, Europe and Africa, enabling correlation with those areas. Restricted dispersal of the benthonic Archaeocyatha makes genera, rather than species, useful for intercontinental correlation. South Australian faunas described previously were not collected in sequence and are of limited biostratigraphic use. Four collections from strata associated with an archaeocyathan biohermal bank in the Hawker Group of the Flinders Ranges were studied: faunas from the older two collections are distinct from those of the younger two. Resultant intraregional correlations suggest the presence of other bioherms, including the Ajax Limestone in the classic Ajax Mine locality. The potential of archaeocyathans for intraregional correlation is confirmed. There are ten genera in common between the four colle...


Objective: To investigate the relationship between senile degenerative valvular heart disease (SDVHD) and heart failure. Methods:86 cases of SDVHD consisted of 67 males and 19 females, with the mean age of 60 -93(78±9)yr . 86 cases of controls with comparable gender, age and baseline conditions were include in the control group. Morbidity rate of heart failure were compared between the two groups during 12 years follow-up. Heart function was determined by color Doppler ultrasonography. Results:Prevalence of left heart failure and whole heart failure in SDVHD group were 75. 5% and 22. 0% , respectively, significantly higher than the control group ( 16. 2% and 7. 0% , respectively). Ejection fraction ( Ef) in SDVHD group was significantly lower than the control group [ (43±7 ) % vs (71±6)%,P0.01]. Conclusion: SDVHD may induce and exacerbate heart failure.