However, they are also known to colonise medical equipment such as endoscopes and surgical solutions (Wu et al., 2009). Based on the Runyoun classification, NTM are classified as photochromogens, scotochromogens, non photochromogens and rapid growers (Han et al., 2007). The mycobacteria classified as rapid growers are characterised by their ability to grow on solid media in less than 7 days (Chaudhari et al., 2010). The clinical significance of Rapidly Growing Mycobacteria (RGM) has only recently been appreciated with increasing number of outbreaks, pseudo outbreaks and cases of health care associated infections being attributed to them (Wolinsky et al., 1968). In almost all cases of nosocomial infections caused by this group of microorganisms, failure of adherence to sterilisation processes of surgical instruments, medical devices or solutions was noticed. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 6 Number 5 (2017) pp. 2777-2782 Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com


Mrs. WILSON. Mr. Speaker, I wish to bring to your attention a woman in my home town of Albuquerque, New Mexico who has contributed much to our community. On March 20, 2001 Mary Ann Weems along with friends and family celebrated the 20th anniversary of Weems Galleries and Framing. Inspired by her vision of a gallery that would warmly welcome anyone who found joy in art as an expression of life, Mary Ann began this journey toward excellence in the visual arts twenty years ago. Her first gallery was in a little-noticed shopping center, opened with borrowed money and lack of business experience. She won the confidence and trust of New Mexico artists and aficionados who joined in supporting her vision of making more art accessible to more people. That vision led 10 years ago to the first Weems Artfest, now the nationally ranked annual event which attracts thousands of families and children to see and experience New Mexico art. The Artfest also provides an affordable venue for all kinds of artists to gain exposure for their talents. The Artfest benefits the whole community of artists by increasing awareness of their work, and by expanding the community of admirers who will pay a fair price for art that touches their spirit. Additionally, the Artfest hosts a charity event to raise funds for healthcare needs in our community, particularly for children. By making art more accessible for children, Mary Ann gives every child who participates the chance to discover something wonderful in themselves. For children who face challenges, it's a discovery gives them powerful hope for their future. Mary Ann serves as my Chairperson for the Congressional Art Competition. Mary Ann Weems earned her success in the visual arts the hard way, by trial and error and sheer grit. She achieved excellence in the visual arts by setting new standards for what a gallery can be, and what an art show can become, and making her vision real for the whole of New Mexico's art community. Please join me in recognizing the achievements of this business woman, Mary Ann Weems.


The paper mainly discusses the design and implementation of data communication and processing method based on abstract description.The method makes the data communication control,data format analysis and conversion abstraction,defines these contents by the manner of description and processes them by explanation.Thus it separates the structure design and the control flow with the concrete data processing,achieves the universal data description processing.The method improves the software reusability,flexibility,safety and stability.


The first day of a new week is a perfect time to play a tune from PIGEON, very nice post punk / post hardcore band from Warwick, New York. All the fans ...


Computing-in-memory (CIM) relieves the Von Neumann bottleneck by storing the weights of neural networks in memory arrays. However, two challenges still exist, hindering the efficient acceleration of convolutional neural networks (CNN) in artificial intelligence (AI) edge devices. Firstly, the activations for sliding window (SW) operations in CNN still bring high memory access pressure. This can be alleviated by increasing the SW parallelism, but simple array replication suffers from poor array utilization and large peripheral circuits overhead. Secondly, the partial sums from individual CIM arrays, which are usually accumulated to obtain the final sum, introduce large latency due to enormous shift-and-add operations. Moreover, high-resolution ADCs are also needed to reduce the quantization error of partial sums, further increasing the hardware costs. In this paper, a hardware-efficient CIM accelerator, ARBiS, is proposed with improved activation reusability and bit-scalable matrix-vector-multiplication (MVM) for CNN acceleration in AI edge applications. The cyclic-shift weight duplication exploits a third dimension of receptive field (RF) depth for SW weight mapping to reduce the memory accesses of activations, improving the array utilization. The parasitic-capacitance charge sharing is employed to realize high-precision analog MVM in order to reduce the ADC cost. Compared with conventional architectures, ARBiS with parallel processing of 9 SW operations achieves 56.6%~58.8% alleviation of memory access pressure. Meanwhile, ARBiS configured with 8-bit ADCs saves 92.53%~94.53% ADC energy consumption. An ARBiS accelerator is evaluated to realize a computational efficiency (CE) of 10.28 (10.43) TOPS/mm2, an energy efficiency (EE) of 91.19 (112.36) TOPS/W with 8-bit (4-bit) ADCs, achieving <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$11.4\sim 11.7\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$11.6\sim 11.8\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula>), <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$1.1\sim 3.3\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$1.4\sim 4\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula>) improvements over state-of-the-art works, respectively.


Abstract : The corrosive and electrochemical behavior of titanium was studied in 5 N sulfuric acid solutions with admixtures of para-, meta- and orthonitrobenzoic acids. It is shown that these admixtures, like other nitro derivatives, inhibit the corrosion of titanium; a characteristic feature of the action of these inhibitors, once a certain concentration is reached, is their ability to provide complete corrosion protection to titanium by shifting its steady-state potential to the passivation range. It is shown that these inhibitors sharply inhibit the anodic process, decreasing the passivation current severalfold, and facilitate the cathodic process as a result of their own electroreduction. The dependence of the cathodic polarization on the inhibitor concentration and rate of stirring of the solution was studied. The inhibition of the cathodic process upon transition to the range of hydrogen polarization is due to obstacles of a diffusional order. (Author)


This paper constructs a theoretical model of consumption and shows that the volatility of stock market returns is an important factor to influence the marginal propensity of consumption,but the influence of the level of stock market returns is uncertain.Our empirical analysis proves our theoretical propositions.In addition,we find that the impact of earlier stock market returns becomes more uncertain on current consumption.


An educational software for teaching the oil palm (Elaeis Guineensis) was applied and effectively used at the UC Produccion Agricola at UNESUR. The study followed a quasi-experimental design, including a pre-test and posttest and experimental group design. The study was carried out in four phases. The study sample included twenty (20) participants in control group, and twenty (20) participants in experimental group. Study hypothesis was confirmed in the analysis and result sections: if an educational software is applied, teaching at UC Produccion Agricola Vegetal will improve its capacity. Therefore, ICT education should be implemented as a pedagogical strategy, and sufficient information about it should be done at UNESUR.


Chinese Letter words,a new type in Chinese lexicon are widely used in current society,which creates a new research area in modern Chinese lexicon.Chinese letter words with their special word formation and bilingual and bicultural features also offer a new perspective of English teaching.In English teaching,lexical teaching occupies a great part in foreign language teaching,so is the case with Chinese Letter words.This paper illustrates the necessity of Chinese Letter words teaching and the relation between Chinese Letter words and English teaching.


It has been found that 4-nitrophenylglyoxal reacts with N -alkoxy- N' -arylureas and N -alkoxy- N' -alkylureas in acetic acid medium with the selective formation of the diastereomers of the 3-alkoxy-1,5-diaryl-4,5-dihydroxyimidazolidin-2-ones and 3-alkoxy-1-alkyl-5-aryl-4,5-dihydroxyimidazolidin-2-ones with sic -orientation of OH-groups. The X-ray structural analysis of 3-propyloxy-4 S ,5 S -dihydroxy-1-methyl-5-(4-nitrophenyl)imidazolidin-2-one and of 3- n -butyloxy-4 S ,5 S -dihydroxy-1-(4-methylphenyl)-5-(4-nitrophenyl)imidazolidin-2-one has demonstrated the structural parameters of these compounds.


STEM Career Bingo is an activity that raises student awareness of career opportunities in STEM fields. During the activity, students are presented with STEM job descriptions, learn how much education is required for each job, and discover which jobs might be right for them (Kier and Blanchard 2017). This activity can incorporate laptops and smart phones for a high-tech approach but can also be carried out with pencil and paper. (See Resources for the game boards, informational sheets, and other materials described in this article.)


We give an example of an ω-categorical group without AZ-enumerations. We build AZ-enumerations of some ω-categorical central products of ω copies of a finite 2-step nilpotent group.


Nonlinear characteristic hinder the effective use of piezoelectric smart materials in sensors and actuators. In this paper, the intelligent fuzzy PID controller is designed in the Matlab-Simulink environment. The piezoelectric smart actuator model is built. An adaptive fuzzy PID control scheme was proposed. The proposed control scheme was implemented in Matlab. The results of simulation and experiment indicate that the control method has good control ability.


This work proposes the petrographic and geothermobarometric characterization of pelitic schists and associated amphibolites from the Pinheiros Altos-Piranga region. The two studied samples of pelitic schists (ME-04 and ME-07) are composed essentially by quartz, plagioclase, biotite, garnet, skeletal staurolite and white mica (ME-07 also contains Mg-chlorite). The analyzed sample of garnet amphibolite (ME-9b) presents two types of clinoamphibole: hornblende and cummingtonite. These rocks have a Sn foliation defined by the preferential orientation of phyllosilicates/amphiboles and they also have sin kinematic garnet crystals. Their mineral paragenesis characterizes amphibolite facies metamorphism. The main minerals of each sample were characterized by electron microprobe. The garnet crystals are rich in the almandine molecule (77.9 - 62.6%), followed by spessartine (21.0 - 0.4%), pyrope (19.8 - 6.3%) and grossular (11.7 - 6.1%). Some zoned crystals show iron/magnesium enrichment and manganese decrease from the core to the edge, indicating progressive metamorphism. The plagioclase composition ranges from An16.4 to An35.3 (oligoclase to andesine). Biotite and staurolite, observed only in the schists, have homogeneous composition. The mineral chemistry of the ME-9b amphiboles allowed classifying them as tschermakite hornblende and cummingtonite. The schists' geotermobarometric analyzes were performed using conventional thermometry, by the biotitegarnet pair and the GASP barometer, the Thermocalc software and the pseudosection's making. For the ME-04 sample, temperatures were taken as 629°C (for the core) and 650°C (for the edge) by Thermocalc and are between 400 to 591°C by the other geothermometers; the pressures, as 7.6 and 7.8 kbar, while the values vary between 5.26 and 7.42 kbar by the GASP. For the ME-07 sample, the temperatures are between 360°C (core) and 657°C (border) for the different methods used, while Thermocalc provided values of 610°C and 634°C; the pressures obtained were 7.5 kbar and 7.2 kbar (GASP provided values between 5.25 and 6.84 kbar). The granate-amphibole-plagioclase mineral paragenesis was used to determine temperatures and pressures of 613°C/4.96 kbar (core) and 635°C/5.20 kbar (rim) for the amphibolite. Finally, from the pelitic schists' pseudosections, it can be concluded that the peak metamorphism of these rocks is in a temperature/pressure range that varies from 610 to 650oC and from 6.3 to 7.5 kbar. The temperature and pressure values obtained by Thermocalc (considering its range) and by the pseudosections are within the range of stability expected for this mineral paragenesis, characterized as medium to higher amphibolite facies.


GPUs are cost-effective solutions for hardware acceleration of the FDTD algorithm. The acceleration of FDTD on GPUs has made the algorithm more available and affordable with endless possible applications. Hardware acceleration has brought the power of supercomputing to the desktop.


Environmental stresses, in particular salinity and heavy metal pollution, constitute a real problem menacing our ecosystems with detrimental effects on crop production and biodiversity. The present work aims to study the combined effect of salt stress by different concentrations of sodium chloride "NaCl" (0, 100, 200 meq) and metallic stress by different concentrations of lead "Pb(NO3 )2" (0, 1000, 3000, 5000 ppm) on the sodium and potassium contents variations of the aerial and underground parts of Vicia faba L. plants. The results obtained show that increased salinity causes an important accumulation of sodium in Vicia faba L. plants; with preferential sequestration in the roots. However, potassium compartmentalizes in the plant leaves studied with decreasing levels in response to high concentrations of sodium chloride and lead in the culture medium.


Let K be an imaginary quadratic field of class number 1 and let E be an elliptic curve over K with complex multiplication in the ring of integers OK of K. Let ψ be the Grössencharacter of K associated to E and let p be an odd prime over which E has good reduction. In [Kato93], K. Kato defined the zeta element which is, roughly speaking, a compatible system in the Galois cohomology of abelian extensions of K with coefficients in Zp(1) defined using the elliptic units. Then he proved that, for any positive integer k and a finite Hecke character λ, the zeta element gives exactly the value at s = 0 of the Hecke L-function L(ψ−kλ, s) through the dual exponential map (see §3) for H(K ⊗Q Qp,Fk(λ)∗(1)), where Fk(λ) denotes the padic abelian representation of Gal(K/K) corresponding to ψ−kλ (loc. cit. Chap. III, Theorem 1.2.6). A key ingredient of the proof of this theorem is the generalized explicit reciprocity law for Lubin-Tate formal groups proven in loc. cit. Chap. II, §2, which, in the above special case, describes the dual exponential maps for the Galois cohomology of abelian extensions of K with coefficients in Fk(1)∗(1) explicitly. Here 1 denotes the trivial representation. The generalization of the above Kato's result on the zeta element to the Hecke character of K of the form ψ−kψ j λ (0 ≤ j < k) was proven by L. Guo [Guo99], B. Han [Han97] and K. Kimura [Kim93] in the case p splits in K. L. Guo and K. Kimura proved it by generalizing the Kato's explicit reciprocity law. In the case p is inert, B. Han [Han97] proved a partial result: a result up to p-adic units for trivial λ. However a generalization of the Kato's explicit reciprocity law was not known in the inert case, and it is the main theme of these notes. As a consequence of our explicit reciprocity law, we obtain the expected relation between the zeta element and L(ψ−kψ j λ, 0) (under some condition on λ in the case k− j = 2.) Our explicit reciprocity law holds for any Lubin-Tate formal group for a finite unramified extension of Qp. However, in these notes, we will deal with only the Lubin-Tate formal group of height 2 coming from E in order to explain how the formulation of our explicit reciprocity law is inspired by the work of N. Katz [Katz78], [Katz80] on the special values of the Hecke L-functions of K.


The invention relates to a transverse screw conveyor (10) for a harvesting header (24). The auger (10) has a body (12) and around the body (12) arranged helical windings (16, 18), each extending from an outer side of the body (12) to its center. In the middle of the body (12) closes to the windings (16, 18) approximately perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the body (12) extending end plate (14) on. It is proposed that in the middle of the body (12) comprises a single end plate (14) is provided on both sides thereof in each case one turn (16, 18) is connected.


To the Editor, Single-port video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (SPVATS) can be performed for relatively small and pedunculated solitary fibrous tumor of the pleura (SFTP). A novel "cowboy technique" using an endoscopic ligature is useful to remove a pedunculated SFTP by SPVATS. A 77-year-old woman was referred to our hospital because a solid mass of 45 mm in diameter was found in the left thoracic cavity on computed tomography of the chest (Figure 1A). The tumor was diagnosed as SFTP, and we performed radical surgery for resection of the tumor by SPVATS. A single 30-mm incision was made in the sixth intercostal space on the anterior axillary line, and an Alnote LAPSINGLE (Alfresa, Osaka, Japan) was affixed to the wound retractor in the access window (Figure 1B), after which an AirSeal port (ConMed, Utica,


Supine hypotensive syndrome is also called late pregnancy inferior vena cava syndrome. When pregnant women are lying in supine position in late pregnancy,the inferior vena cava in compression of increased uterus reduces returned blood volume and cardiac output and leads to lower blood pressure. Pregnant women have many syndromes,such as dizziness,nausea,chest tightness,cold sweats and pale. The above symptoms disappear or relieve immediately when women change into the lateral position. Without timely treatment,it would lead to maternal circulatory failure,maternal cardiac arrest,fetal distress,neonatal asphyxia and even death. Therefore,the clinical doctors should pay more attention to the prevention of supine hypotensive syndrome.


THE first observation, which must be made with regret, is that Professor Garron's work on the Common Fisheries Policy (CFP) of the Common Market i3 already seriously out of date, even though it was published as recently as 1971. Before the close of that year the United Kingdom had at last reached •agreement with the Six on substantial modifications of their original CFP, thus both removing the last major obstacle to British membership of the Community and paving the way for similar accommodations with the other applicant States. Needless to say, the fishery problems of the Ten are not the same as those of the Six to which Professor Garron addressed himself, and his discussion of the Community Regulations is of course based on the original texts adopted in October 1970.


Antisense oligonucleotide compounds, compositions and methods are provided for down regulating the expression of TLR3. The compositions comprise antisense oligonucleotides targeted to nucleic acids encoding TLR3. The compositions may also comprise antisense oligonucleotides targeted to nucleic acids encoding TLR3 in combination with other therapeutic and/or prophylactic compounds and/or compositions. Methods of using these compounds and compositions for down-regulating TLR3 expression and for prevention or treatment of diseases wherein modulation of TLR3 expression would be beneficial are provided.


In-pipe cleaning robots often need to carry cleaning tools, and their tails are connected with cables such as water pipes and air pipes. Especially when cleaning vertical straight pipes and curved pipes, a greater traction is required. Therefore, a new type of screw drive in-pipe cleaning robot was designed in this paper. The robot solves the problems of small traction, complex structure, and unstable motion of the in-pipe cleaning robot. The kinematics modeling was carried out on the screw drive in-pipe cleaning robot's screw module for generating traction, and the force analysis was performed on this basis. The function model of the torque, air pressure, and traction of the screw module was established, which was verified by the simulation and experiment. The results show that the screw in-pipe cleaning robot has a large traction, stable operation, and can be well adapted to the vertical straight pipes and curved pipes.


Aim: This study is to determine the prevalence, causes, types and patterns of hearing impairment seen in a tertiary hospital in the Niger delta region. Study Design: A hospital based descriptive study of all patients with complaints of hearing impairment seen at the ear nose and throat clinic of the university of Port Harcourt teaching hospital within the period of January 2015 to December 2019. Results: Bilateral affectation was commoner among those that have hearing impairment n = 366(65.2%) 91.2% while n = 54(8.8%) was found to have normal hearing. Majority of the ears had profound degree of hearing loss n= 313 (25.4%) with the highest number of it found in the right ear 27.0% however, there is no statistical significance between the side of the ear affected and the degree of hearing loss. Conclusion: The young adults are the most affected; age 30-39 years with bilateral affectation and profound degree of hearing loss. Infective conditions such as CSOM are still very predominant in the aetiology of hearing loss in our environment. Original Research Article Uju; AJMAH, 18(2): 1-10, 2020; Article no.AJMAH.55384 2


Aspergillus fumigatus endocarditis developed in a 2#{189}-year-old girl after repair of tetralogy of Fallot. There have been 14 other cases of Aspergillus endocarditis in children described in the literature. Fever and embolic phenomenon, particularly to the CNS, were the most common presenting manifestations. Consumptive coagulopathy developed in this patient as it has in other children and should suggest the diagnosis of Aspergillus endocarditis inasmuch as blood cultures are uniformly negative. Antemortem diagnosis was made in four of 15 patients. Only one patient survived the infection. Environmental surveillance is crucial when a case is encountered. Survival of the infected patient occurs only with early diagnosis and surgical removal of the infected tissue. Pediatrics 68:73-78, 1981; Aspergillus endocarditis, consumptive coagulopathy, Aspergillus. Aspergillus endocarditis is a rare disease in adults and children. In the past ten years there has been an increase in this disease that has corresponded with the increase in open-heart surgery.' Although bacterial endocarditis is a well recognized complication of open-heart surgery, fungal infections of the endocardium frequently are unsuspected and are more difficult to diagnose. Endocarditis due to Aspergillus fumigatus was diagnosed post mortem in a 2'/2-year-old child after correction of tetralogy of Fallot-the third case of Aspergillus endocarditis observed at this institution in approximately 15 years.23 We present this case and a review of the literature to call attention to this usually fatal complication of open-heart surgery. CASE REPORT D.A. was noted to have a tetralogy of Fallot abnormality in the first month of life, and she was admitted for Received for publication July 11, 1980; accepted Oct 16, 1980. Reprint requests to (H.C.N.) Department of Medicine, 630 W 168th St, New York, NY 10032. PEDIATRICS (ISSN 0031 4005). Copyright © 1981 by the American Academy of Pediatrics. elective total correction at age 2 /I2 years. During openheart surgery a large right ventricular outflow patch was placed across the valve annulus, and the ventricular septal defect was repaired. Cardiopulmonary bypass time was two hours. Several units of blood and fresh frozen plasma were required intraoperatively. She received oxadillin and kanamycin penoperatively and postoperatively for five days but remained intermittently febrile. Bilateral pleural effusions were present, but thoracentesis fluid was sterile on routine cultures. She had M-mode and 2-D echocardiography which showed only pericardial effusion and a small right-to-left shunt at the atrial level. On the eighth postoperative day, the patient was given aspirin for treatment of a suspected postpencardiotomy syndrome. AU blood cultures were negative for bacteria and fungi. Slurred speech and generalized lethary were noted on the fourth postoperative day, but no focal neurologic deficits were found. An EEG performed two weeks later showed some slight asymmetry but was otherwise normal. She continued to be very irritable and was unable to speak clearly. On the 20th postoperative day her ternperature reached 102 F, and she developed a right herniparesis and loss of speech. Results of computed tomography were negative. WBC count remained between 17,000 and 22,000/cu mm with a predominance of polymorphonuclear cells; ESR (Westergren) was 5 and 10 mm/hr. During the next 24 hours she became progressively less responsive. Fulminant disseminated intravascular coagulation developed with fibrin split products of 21 gm/mi (normal 0 to 10 gm/mi). Results of laboratory studies were as follows: prothrombin time 1 16/1 1 see; activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) 175 seeonds (normal control 62 seconds) fibrinogen 21 rng/100 ml; decreased factor VLL, 1% (normal 50% to 150%); factor V, 40% (normal 50% to 150%; factor IX, 4% (normal 50% to 150%); red cells on smear were remarkable for burr cells and schistocytes, thrombocytopenia (platelets decreased to 15,100/cu mm), and anemia (hemoglobin decreased from 11 to 8.5 rng/100 ml). She was treated with ampicfflin, amikacin, corticosteroids, vasopressor agents, vitamin K, fresh frozen plasma, packed red blood cells, intubation, and peritoneal dialysis. Despite maximal supportive care, cardiac output decreased, acidosis progressed, and she died on the 22nd postoperative day. Heart blood obtained at the postmortem examination


High-flow oxygen therapy (HFOT) through a nasal cannula has been increasingly used, despite a lack of high-quality evidence on its effectiveness. Now, two large, prospective, randomised controlled trials (RCTs), published in 2017 (1) and 2018 (2), have shown that using HFOT with a warmed and humidified air-oxygen mixture is more effective than standard low-flow oxygen therapy with nonwarmed wall oxygen if infants with bronchiolitis need oxygen supplementation. A 3-year RCT by Kepreotes et al. (1) in one Australian hospital focused on 202 children who were admitted for bronchiolitis at <24 months of age and needed oxygen supplementation. The flow rate was 1 L/kg/minute (maximum 20 L/minute) in the HFOT group and a maximum of 2 L/minute in the standard therapy group. The main result of the study was that treatment failures were significantly less common in the HFOT group (14/101, 14%) compared to the standard treatment group (33/101, 33%, p = 0.002). The treatment failure was defined by critically abnormal findings, such as oxygen saturation of <90%, which required a rapid response within 10 minutes by the intensive care unit (ICU). The mean risk difference in treatment failures between the arms was 19 percentage points in favour of HFOT, which corresponds to a number needed to treat of 5.3 to prevent one failure. Furthermore, 61% (20/33) of the children with treatment failures in standard therapy were successfully rescued with HFOT. However, HFOT did not reduce the duration of oxygen support or the length of hospital stay. The authors had decided before the trial started that the time it took to wean the patients off oxygen was the primary outcome measure and the trial proved ineffective in this regard. However, the study demonstrated an improvement in another outcome, which was even more clinically important, and that was that treatment failure required a response from the ICU team. The effect size for this outcome was substantial. No serious adverse events occurred in either group. The authors stated that the results indicated that the early use of HFOT did not modify the overall course of infant bronchiolitis and that when HFOT was used as a rescue therapy on the ward it reduced the proportion of children requiring high-cost ICU care. However, they did not conclude that all infants with bronchiolitis who need oxygen supplementation should be routinely treated with HFOT instead of low-flow therapy (1), as the effect on the chosen primary outcome, the time to wean patients off oxygen, was not achieved. A 3-year RCT in Australia and New Zealand by Franklin et al. (2,3) was carried out in five tertiary hospitals and 12 regional secondary hospitals with or without paediatric ICUs. The study comprised 1472 infants who were admitted for bronchiolitis at <12 months of age and who needed oxygen supplementation. The flow rate was 2 L/kg/minute (maximum 25 L/minute) in the HFOT group and a maximum of 2 L/minute in the standard therapy group. The primary outcome was the escalation of care due to treatment failures, specified by a combination of unfavourable changes in heart rate, respiratory rate and fraction of inspired oxygen. The main result of the study was that treatment failures were significantly less common in the HFOT group (87/739, 12%) than the standard treatment group (167/733, 23%, p < 0.001). The mean risk difference in treatment failures between the arms was 11 percentage points in favour of HFOT, which corresponded to a number needed to treat of 9.1 to prevent one failure. Again, 61% (102/167) of the children with treatment failure in the standard therapy group were successfully rescued with HFOT, and HFOT did not reduce the duration of oxygen support or the length of hospital stay. In each group, one case of pneumothorax, affecting <1% of the infants, occurred. In the conclusions, the authors highlighted the reduced rate of treatment failures and escalations of care when HFOT was used early, compared to standard oxygen therapy, but they did not provide any clinical recommendations (2). The findings in the Australian and New Zealand RCT that HFOT was not associated with a lower rate of admissions to the ICU need more discussion (2). The rate of ICU admissions was 12% in the HFOT group and only 9% in the standard treatment group after rescue therapy with HFOT on the ward (odds ratio 1.37, 95% confidence interval 0.96–1.95). At the time when care was escalated, the mean respiratory rate was higher in the HFOT group than in the standard treatment group, which suggests that treatment failures were diagnosed later in the course of bronchiolitis if the patient was treated with HFOT. Thus, if the chosen outcome measure is the transfer to the ICU, standard oxygen administration supplemented with HFOT, if required, may be an equally beneficial way to treat infants with bronchiolitis who need oxygen supplementation than


destruction figure prominently in the chapters on Politics and the Military. In surprisingly short order, given the dramatic changes since the 1960s, Grant then dispenses with the economy, focusing on government policy. Drawing heavily on Clifford Geertz, he draws a Java-centric view of Indonesian culture, and in the next chapter offers a brief demographic and geographic description of the country's major islands (Land). The voices of a dozen Indonesians, reproduced from five interviews in 1996 and seven in 1966, fill nearly 40 pages (People). After a chapter on changes in the country's foreign policy, Grant takes a stab at the future, laying out scenarios for a change in political leadership and possible democratization. These chapters are a curious combination of perspicacious observation and perplexing remark. Grant is at his strongest when writing about individuals. He observes, for instance, that retired army general and former defense minister Benny Moerdani may play a role in any political transition because he, "more than anyone, knows where the bodies are buried" (p. 108). Grant succeeds less often when he attempts to summarize broad social phenomena, especially when he repeats assertions made in the 1960s as though they remain equally true today. What, for instance, are readers to make of his statement, in the chapter on politics no less, that the fact that "90 percent of Indonesians are Muslims is one of those statistical facts that have little meaning, because the majority are 'statistical Muslims' only" (p. 84). He ignores not just the strength and persistence of Muslim social organizations during the New Order period (including Muhammadiyah, which he neglects even to mention) but also the import of the comparison he himself draws between the contemporary political roles of Nahdlatul Ulama and the Indonesian Muslim Intellectuals Association (pp. 84 86). Readers of books from university presses expect better editing than they will find here. Most appallingly, errors from the 1964 edition are reproduced in the new edition. The Dutch East India Company, for instance, was abolished on the last day of 1799, not 1899 (p. 15). Careless incorporation of anonymous interviews (chapter 9) from earlier editions results in the assignment of different alphabetical labels to the same person (G is also B, H is also C, and so forth). Concern for the "general reader" is a poor excuse for the lack of footnotes. Distinguished journalists throughout the New Order era have written accounts whose footnotes broadened their scholarly audience without diminishing their popular appeal. Grant is right about many things, above all that much remains the same even through times of apparently traumatic change. This is a pronounced theme in scholarship on Indonesia, and a useful point to recall in 1998. But for those wishing to rediscover the flavor, scent, and sound of Soekarno's Indonesia, Grant's earlier, fresher editions remain better starting points.


The invention discloses a matching cover for a roller washing machine and the roller washing machine. The roller washing machine comprises a machine body and an inner tube arranged in the machine body. The top of the machine body is opened, and the machine body is provided with a water drainage pipeline. The matching cover comprises an upper cover assembly arranged on the top of the machine body to seal and cover the machine body. The upper cover assembly comprises an upper cover, a first water inlet device and a second water inlet device. A containing groove and a storage groove are formed in the upper cover in a spaced mode, the top of the containing groove is opened, the containing groove is provided with a water drainage port and a water inlet, and the first water inlet device is connected with the water inlet so as to supply water into the containing groove. The second water inlet device is connected with the inner tube in the machine body so as to supply water into the inner tube. According to the matching cover, the functionality and practicability of the upper cover are improved, and thus a user can use the upper cover conveniently.


The invention discloses a rapid charging method, an apparatus and a system thereof. The method comprises the following steps that a mobile terminal and an access adapter switch a signal line which is extended into a charging interface into be connected with a charging line; and the adapter adopts a set higher-order power mode to provide power for the mobile terminal. In the invention, the existing signal line is used to thicken a charging circuit so that a charging current is increased and a purpose of rapid charging is realized.


This chapter will address the question of how, or whether, a subset of features identified as characteristic of female speech in a single language – Japanese – covaries across situations. Specifically, speech samples taken from situations in which women typically emphasize their femininity and situations in which they typically do not are compared to determine whether frequencies of occurrence of stereotypical morphological features and of nonstereotypical syntactic features vary in the same ways. That is, a first attempt is made to determine whether all the features identified as elements of Japanese women's speech are, in a straightforward way, part of a Japanese female speech register. Linguistic investigations into the differences between men's and women's language and speech have been pursued with some intensity during the last decade, and many features of language form or patterns of language use exhibiting sex-related variation have been identified, particularly for English. A full elucidation of sex differences in language, however, requires a more systematically cross-cultural approach than has hitherto characterized the field. The reasons for this are twofold. First, although it has been suggested that differences in men's and women's speech are probably universal, the nature of that claim to universality is unclear and hence fails to be an interesting source of explanation for linguistic fact.


The author describes the general principles of editing, appraisal, and adjustment of population census data. Appraisal techniques and methods of adjustment are explored, with separate consideration of age and sex, children ever born, children surviving, data of most recent live birth, maternal orphanhood, widowhood, and deaths by age and sex in the last 12 months


Acknowledgments Introduction Canadian Capital in the Age of Empire Part One: Big Business from Triumph to Crisis Chapter One Provincial Man of Mystery: Howard P. Robinson and the Politics of Capital in New Brunswick Chapter Two Charles A. Dunning: A Progressive in Business and Politics Chapter Three The Dilemma of Democracy: Sir Edward Beatty, the Railway Question, and National Government Part Two: Continentalism and the Managerial Ethic Chapter Four Stewardship and Dependency: Sam McLaughlin, General Motors, and the Labour Question Chapter Five Engineering Canada: C.D. Howe and Canadian Big Business Conclusion Apres le deluge Endnotes


Over the past decade, many conservation biology researchers and practitioners have turned to knowledge co-production, which prioritizes collaboration between academic and non-academic partners, to increase the impact of science in conservation practice and policy. Co-production promises to produce context-specific knowledge that better aligns with conservation practitioners' needs and concerns. Here, we argue that the conservation paleobiology community could similarly build collective capacity to engage more effectively in shared "learning spaces" where actionable knowledge is produced. We draw from our experiences with the Historical Oyster Body Size project and lessons learned from other fields to identify key attributes of actionable geohistorical knowledge and the meaningful co-production processes that produced it. Familiarity with these concepts will benefit conservation paleobiologists who aspire to help develop longer lasting, fairer, and more equitable solutions to complex conservation problems presented by a changing world.


Composition comprising, in a cosmetically acceptable carrier (A) at least one nonionic, modified by propylene oxide thickness and (B) at least one film-forming and / or setting polymer. improve the color retention oxidatively colored fibers containing keratin.


Objective To investigate the gender differences and the effect of three factors(the angle of rotation, left/right,palm/back) on hand mental rotation. Methods 40 healthy adults (20 males and 20 females, age; 18~26 years) were enrolled in this study. By simulation of human hand as picture stimuli,participants were instructed to decide as quickly as possible whether the stimulus was a left or right hand. The accuracy rate and reaction time of the behavior task were quantified. Results ① the subjects' reaction speed was far slower at 180° than 0°(P<0.01). ②On judgment of 0° back picture,females were faster than males(left back: males( 1033. 16 ±245.85) ms,females( 853.15 ± 142.79) ms,P=0.014; right back; males( 973.07 ±217.11) ms;,females (796.28 ±146.67 )ms, P = 0.016). And,the right hand was responded faster than left hand,with statistical significance (males; P = 0.028, females; P=0.038). ③The time of females in judging the 0° hand back ( left (853. 15 ± 142.79) ms,right (796. 27 ± 146. 67 ms) ) was shorter than palm(left ( 1002. 72 ± 227. 91) ms,right ( 986.06 ± 230. 03) ms), reached statistical significance ( both at P < 0. 001). In contrast, males in judging the 180° pictures, the speed of reaction to back(left ( 1252. 70 ±269. 35) ms,right ( 1216. 68 ±293. 54 )ms) was slower than palm with statistical significance (left: P < 0. 01, right: P = 0. 015). Conclusion The three factors (angle of rotation,left/right,and palm/back) all exert effect on the behavior of hand mental rotation. It really has gender difference on hand mental rotation. Females response faster than males.

Key words:
Palm; Back; Recognition; Mental rotation; Reaction time; Gender


Niemann-Pick Disease Type C (NPC) is a severe neurovisceral disorder that is pathophysiologically characterized by intracellular transport abnormalities leading to cytoplasmic accumulation of lipids such as cholesterol and multiple sphingolipids, including sphingosine. The compound 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD) is a compound with high cholesterol complexation capacity and is currently under clinical investigation for the treatment of NPC. However, due to its short blood half-life, high doses are required to produce a therapeutic effect. It has been reported in mice that HPβCD's circulation time and efficacy can be improved by increasing its size via polymerization, but the biodegradable nature of these systems did not allow the contribution of the macromolecule to the activity to be determined. In this work, stable forms of polymerized HPβCD were generated (via epichlorohydrin crosslinking) to investigate their in vitro mechanisms of action and in vivo effects. Crosslinked CDs (8-312 kDa) displayed a 10-fold greater complexation capacity towards cholesterol than monomeric HPβCD but were taken up by cells to a lower extent (in a size-dependent fashion), resulting in an overall comparable in vitro effect on intracellular cholesterol accumulation that was dependent on cholesterol complexation. When tested in vivo, the crosslinked 19.3 kDa HPβCD exhibited a longer terminal half-life than the monomeric HPβCD. However, it did not increase the life span of Npc1 mice, possibly due to reduced organ penetration and brain diffusion consequence of its large molecular weight. This could be circumvented by the application of magnetic resonance imaging-guided low intensity-pulsed focused ultrasound (MRIg-FUS), which increased the brain penetration of the CD. In conclusion, stable forms of polymerized HPβCD constitute valuable tools to elucidate CDs' mechanism of action. Moreover, the use of MRIg-FUS to maximize CDs tissue penetration warrants further investigation, as it may be key to harnessing CDs full therapeutic potential in the treatment of NPC. Graphical abstract The 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD) is a well-established pharmaceutical excipient that can complex cholesterol and is currently under clinical investigation to treat Niemann-Pick Disease Type C (NPC). However, high doses of the drug are needed to achieve a therapeutic effect. Using stable and long circulating crosslinked HPβCDs, this study attempts to further understand the mechanisms behind CDs' activity.


Abstract The food habits of bonefish Albula vulpes were investigated over 19 months during 1980 and 1981 in the vicinity of East End, Grand Bahama. Stomach contents of fish collected in different habitats were compared with relative abundances of prey items estimated from benthic samples. Although they utilize wide variety of prey, bonefish feed somewhat selectively during a given feeding period. Variability in diet due to season and size of fish were superimposed on the more dominating effect of the type of habitat in which fish had been feeding.


Continued expansion of power grid and increasing proportion of wind power centralized integration lead to requirements in sharing both energy and reserve among multiple areas under the hierarchical control structure and correction between schedule plans within multi-time scale successively. In order to address this problem, this paper develops an information integration method integrating complicated relations among fuel cost, total thermal power output, reserve capacity, owned reserve and expectations of load shedding and wind curtailment within this area into three types of time-related relation curves. Furthermore, a multi-time scale tie-line energy and reserve allocation model is proposed, which contains two levels in control structure, two time scales in dispatch sequence and multiple areas integrated with wind farms as scheduling objects. The efficiency of the proposed method is tested in 9-bus test system and IEEE 118-bus system. The results show that cross-regional control center is able to approach the optimal schedule results of the whole system with the integrated uploaded relation curves. The proposed model not only relieves energy and reserve shortage in partial areas but also allocates them to more urgent areas in a high effectivity manner in both day-ahead and intraday time scale.


The objective of the present work is to develop a fiber suitable for high-power fundamental-mode beam delivery over a useful length for material processing (~100 m). The investigated design is based on evanescent-field coupled waveguides, also called multi-core fibers (MCFs) [6]-[8]. The investigated MCF consists of a hexagonal array of 7 cores in which the fundamental mode, the so-called in-phase supermode, has an effective mode area (Aeff) of 348 μm2 and a numerical aperture (N.A.) of 0.035. We show how the bending-induced losses and the mode-mixing depend on the bending radius and on the structure of the waveguide. The experimental results on the behavior of the near-field and the far-field for different bending radii will also be reported. Additionally, we will show another method to reproduce experimental results with multi-mode fibers supporting few modes where the conventional approach leads to irreproducible results due to the mode-mixing effect.


The novelty of this paper is edge detection in binary and color images using the Ricci curvature function is proposed. The reason for this is, if the edges in an image are determined accurately, then all of the objects can be located and basic image properties can be measured. In this paper we represent images as a manifold and make use of differential geometry in image processing, namely the Ricci curvature. Over the conventional edge detection methods Canny edge detector is the best available. So, we attempted a visual comparison of edge detection on digital image with Canny detector and Ricci curvature function. We demonstrate some features that can be added or missed in binary images by the Canny edge detector and the registration of edges in color images by the Ricci method.


This paper proposes a multicriteria decision-making (MCDM) approach, coupling intervalued trapezoidal intuitionistic fuzzy number (IVTIFN) with the technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) to facilitate the selection of pipe materials. Their integration can maximize the advantage in better expressing decision maker's preference on the proposed evaluation criteria by using a bounded limit instead of an exact value, to rank material alternatives based upon their functional, economic and environmental attributes. To reduce possible information overlapping resulted from the criteria, Mahalanobis distance is incorporated into IVTIFN–TOPSIS to improve the selection results. An illustrative example is provided to verify the proposed approach and demonstrate its practical application, in which four common alternative materials, including carbon steel, galvanized steel, polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and high-density polyethylenes (HDPE), are subject to precise selection to determine their adaptability in waste-water piping. The selection result indicates that the plastic materials are superior to the metal materials. In particular, HDPE is the optimal material alternative for waste-water collection and transport.


The article discusses the new ILO initiatives undertaken in the 21st century in the context of globalization and the presence of many acute problems in social protection and social security of ILO member countries. The author analyzes a number of key ILO reports of the 2010s. The author shows that the main problem of the ILO and its future is insufficient ratification of conventions, and this problem has no noticeable solution. Particular attention is paid to unpaid domestic and care work and the task of its inclusion in the System of National Accounts. The author believes that the ILO status allows this organization to raise the issue of solving the problem of accounting for domestic work and labour for the disabled people caring in GDP calculations in order to more accurately assess it. The article emphasizes the importance of renew ILO periodic reports as a continuation of the World Social Security Report 2010/11. The author concludes that it is necessary to develop the Russian Future of Work Strategy and to consider it in the implementation of national projects implemented by the Russian government.


Exposure to benzidine has been known to induce human cancers, particularly bladder carcinomas. In this study, the zebrafish model was used to investigate the developmental toxicity of benzidine. Embryos at 6 h postfertilization (hpf) that were exposed to benzidine exhibited embryonic death in a dose‐ and time‐dependent manner. Benzidine induced malformations in zebrafish, such as small brain development, shorter axes, and a slight pericardial edema. High concentrations (50, 100, and 200 µM) of benzidine triggered widespread apoptosis in the brain and dorsal neurons, as evidenced by acridine orange and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase‐mediated dUTP nick end‐labeling (TUNEL) assays. Real‐time polymerase chain reaction analysis also showed that benzidine treatment affected p53, bax, and noxa expression. Decreases in specific brain markers, such as emx1 in the telencephalon, ngn1 in differentiated neurons, and otx2 in the midbrain, were observed in benzidine‐treated embryos at 24 hpf. Conversely, no overt changes to pax2.1 expression in the midbrain–hindbrain boundary were found. Moreover, the use of Tg(HuC:GFP) zebrafish showed that benzidine caused a malformation of the telencephalon region. Our findings show that benzidine exposure triggers widespread apoptosis in the zebrafish brain and dorsal neurons, resulting in the development of an abnormal telencephalon. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 29: 1428–1436, 2014.


In this paper, career differences by race and sex are analyzed. Careers are defined as trajectories of socioeconomic status and wages and are described by a linear differential equation model. It is assumed that the different groups defined by race and sex tend to be in different labor markets and economic sectors and to face different opportunity structures even within labor market divisions. This assumption guides predictions for and interpretation of results with respect to various aspects of career inequality: initial status and wage level; potential status and wage levels; effects of human capital, family background, and family of procreation variables on initial and potential wage and status levels; speed of advancement. Pooling of cross-sections and time-series techniques are used to estimate the model, with data from the National Longitudinal Surveys of the Labor Market Experience of Young Men and Women.


In this paper, we propose a new type of LQ-learning to solve POMDP. In the POMDP environment, the agent cannot observe the environment directly. In the LQ-learning, in order to discriminate partially observed states, the agent attaches label to each observation which perceived as the same ones. Unlike our previous LQ-learning, we make preparations of knowledge about the environment in advance. The knowledge is automatically acquired by Kohenen's Self-Organizing Map (SOM), which provides the knowledge about state transitions to the agent. Then, LQ-learning agent attaches labels to observations with reference to a map obtained by SOM.


We consider an extension of Aalen's additive regression model that allows covariates to have effects that vary on two different time scales. The two time scales considered are equal up to a constant for each individual and vary across individuals, such as follow-up time and age in medical studies or calendar time and age in longitudinal studies. The model was introduced in Scheike (2001), where it was solved using smoothing techniques. We present a new backfitting algorithm for estimating the structured model without having to use smoothing. Estimators of the cumulative regression functions on the two time scales are suggested by solving local estimating equations jointly on the two time scales. We provide large-sample properties and simultaneous confidence bands. The model is applied to data on myocardial infarction, providing a separation of the two effects stemming from time since diagnosis and age.


We consider acoustic propagation in a particle-laden fluid, specifically, a perfect gas, under a model system based on the theories of Marble (1970) and Thompson (1972). Our primary aim is to understand, via analytical methods, the impact of the particle phase on the acoustic velocity field. Working under the finite-amplitude approximation, we investigate singular surface and traveling wave phenomena, as admitted by both phases of the flow. We show, among other things, that the particle velocity field admits a singular surface one order higher than that of the gas phase, that the particle-to-gas density ratio plays a number of critical roles, and that traveling wave solutions are only possible for sufficiently small values of the Mach number.


Part 1 Accelerated Lives Chapter 2 No Time for Democracy? Time, Space, and Social Change Chapter 3 The Last Good Job in America Chapter 4 The End of Bohemia Part 5 Education and Democracy Chapter 6 Thinking Beyond "School Failure:" Freire's Legacy Chapter 7 Violence and the Myth of Democracy Chapter 8 Higher Education as a Public Good Chapter 9 Education for Citizenship: Gramsci's "Common School" today Part 10 Culture, Identity, and Democracy Chapter 11 The Double Bind of Race Chapter 12 Race Relations in the Twenty-First Century Chapter 13 Between Nationality and Class Part 14 Changing Theories of the State Chapter 15 Globalization and the State Chapter 16 Capitalism and the State: Marcuse's Legacy Chapter 17 Onto-history and Epistemology Part 18 Jobs in a Globalized Technoculture Chapter 19 On Union Democracy Chapter 20 Unions as a Public Sphere Chapter 21 "New Men of Power:" The Lost Legacy of C. Wright Mills


For safety and comfort reasons, rear-view mirror vibrations have to be reduced. The sources of those vibrations are vehicle body vibrations and aerodynamic forces. This paper shows that an enhanced infinite stiff mirror system would not solve the vibrating mirror problem because the vibrations that are induced by the vehicle body would still excite the mirror. To solve this problem conventionally, a re-design of both the mirror system dynamics as well as the vehicle dynamics would be needed. To prevent such a cost intensive process this paper investigates novel active, multi axial vibration isolation interfaces that have an elastic behavior towards base plate vibrations and provide in parallel high stiffness with respect to external loads. Based on low stiffness double spiral interfaces with attached piezoelectric patch actuators it is shown how these opposed properties can be reached. The use of such interfaces enhances not only the dynamical properties of the mirror, but - in the manner of a truly multifunctional element - it replaces themotor to adjust the mirror position as well.
This paper describes the analysis of the complete active isolation system, its actuator design and discusses diverse interface versions.


In Neotropical regions, plantations and remnant forest populations of native trees coexist in a highly fragmented matrix and may be affected by isolation and reduction in population size, leading to genetic structure, inbreeding, and genetic bottlenecks that reduce the population's genetic diversity. Tabebuia rosea variability in the Mayan Forest was studied by genotyping 30 trees from three plantations and three remnant natural populations using simple sequence repeats (SSRs) and inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSRs). Ho-SSR estimates were lower than He; the mean inbreeding coefficient was 0.07 and did not differ among populations, but was eight times higher in plantations than in remnant populations. Using ISSR data, the individuals were assigned to k = 5 and k = 4 clusters under admixture without and with geographic information used as priors in Bayesian analysis assignments. Genetic differentiation estimated with the Bayesian estimator II (0.0275 ± 0.0052) was significantly different from 0, but FST was not (0.0985 ± 0.1826), while paired FST among populations ranged from 0.05 up to 0.16. Only one remnant population displayed evidence of a genetic bottleneck. T. rosea displays a genetic structure in which the isolated remnant forest populations show moderate inbreeding levels.


In the article the author presents an analysis of the manifestations of artistic synthesis in the sonata "Through Spheres" for piano and threads of the Ukrainian composer M. Shorenkov, namely collaterally subordinated interaction (where coloured light submits to music) and also synthesis in the performer's techniques and ways of playing (displayed in the broadened role of the performer and the innovative techniques of playing threads). The prerequisites of this invention and the special technology of sound production, which expands the timbre-sound limits of the composer's idea realization, are considered.


The presence of fake news on online social media is overwhelming and is responsible for having impacted several aspects of people's lives, from health to politics, the economy, and response to natural disasters. Although significant effort has been made to mitigate fake news spread, current research focuses on single aspects of the problem, such as detecting fake news spreaders and classifying stories as either factual or fake. In this paper, we propose a new method to exploit inter-relationships between stories, sources, and final users and integrate prior knowledge of these three entities to jointly estimate the credibility degree of each entity involved in the news ecosystem. Specifically, we develop a new graph convolutional network, namely Role-Relational Graph Convolutional Networks (Role-RGCN), to learn, for each node type (or role), a unique node representation space and jointly connect the different representation spaces with edge relations. To test our proposed approach, we conducted an experimental evaluation on the state-of-the-art FakeNewsNet-Politifact dataset and a new dataset with ground truth on news credibility degrees we collected. Experimental results show a superior performance of our Role-RGCN proposed method at predicting the credibility degree of stories, sources, and users compared to state-of-the-art approaches and other baselines.


Recent far-ultraviolet (FUV) absorption line measurements of low-redshift quasars have unveiled a population of intervening broad Hi Ly α absorbers (BLAs) with large Doppler parameters (b ≥ 40 km s -1 ). If the large width of these lines is dominated by thermal line broadening, the BLAs may trace highly-ionized gas in the warm-hot intergalactic medium (WHIM) in the temperature range T ≈ 10 5 -10 6 K, a gas phase that is expected to contain a large fraction of the baryons at low redshift. In this paper we use a hydrodynamical simulation to study frequency, distribution, physical conditions, and baryon content of the BLAs at z ≈ 0. From our simulated spectra we derive a number of BLAs per unit redshift of (dN/dz) BLA ≈ 38 for HI absorbers with log (N(cm -2 )/b(km s -1 )) > 10.7, b > 40 km s -1 , and total hydrogen column densities N(H II) < 10 20.5 cm -2 . The baryon content of these systems is Ω b (BLA) = 0.0121 h 65 -1 , which represents ∼25 percent of the total baryon budget in our simulation. Our results thus support the idea that BLAs represent a significant baryon reservoir at low redshift. BLAs predominantly trace shock-heated collisionally ionized WHIM gas at temperatures log T ≈ 4.4-6.2. About 27 percent of the BLAs in our simulation originate in the photoionized Ly a forest (log T < 4.3) and their large line widths are determined by non-thermal broadening effects such as unresolved velocity structure and macroscopic turbulence. Our simulation implies that for a large-enough sample of BLAs in FUV spectra it is possible to obtain a reasonable approximation of the baryon content of these systems solely from the measured H I column densities and b values.


Freedom is one of the most important issues in the history of idea. This issue has been investigated and handled mostly in terms of human being in the history of idea. On the other hand, God's freedom is as important as the freedom of human being. But as a perfect creature, can God that is omnipotent, omniscient behave freely when fulfilling the tasks? Or does perfection belonging to God restrict the fulfillments of God?


Factors Affecting Educational Performance of Primary Schools: A Review of Head Teachers' Perceptions was conducted to explore the factors that affect academic presentation of public primary school at area Swabi. All 571 Head Teachers serving in 571 Public Primary Schools for Boys at area Swabi constituted the population of the study. 20 Head Teachers from 20 Public Primary for boys at Swabi. Purposive sampling techniques was used for sample selection. Closed questionnaire was the research tool utilized to gather data. The data were organized in tables by the researcher in a methodical manner. After then, the data was analyzed and expressed in percentages. Outcomes of the study concluded mainstream of the respondents noticed that lack of physical facilities affect academic performance of my school. Most of the respondents revealed that non availability of one teacher for one class affect academic performance of the school. All of the respondents viewed that non-involvement of administrative official in supervising academic activities affect academic performance of the school. All of the participants believed that educators were kept busy with additional tasks outside of teaching, which had an impact on school academic achievement. Most of the respondents were in the view that the lack of comprehensive curriculum affects academic standing the institutions. The majority of subjects respond the lack of interest and attention of administration in solving teachers and students' problems affect academic performance of schools. Most of participants respond that poverty of parents affects academic performance of schools.


Recently, there have been significant advances in several areas of language technology, including clustering, text categorization, and summarization. However, efforts to combine technology from these areas in a practical system for information access have been limited. In this paper, we present Columbia's Newsblaster system for online news summarization. Many of the tools developed at Columbia over the years are combined together to produce a system that crawls the web for news articles, clusters them on specific topics and produces multidocument summaries for each cluster.


Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) are sophisticated systems that leverage various technologies to increase the safety, efficiency, and sustainability of transportation. By relying on wireless communication and data collected from diverse sensors, ITS is vulnerable to cybersecurity threats. With the increasing number of attacks on ITS worldwide, detecting and addressing cybersecurity threats has become critically important. This need will only intensify with the impending arrival of autonomous vehicles. One of the primary challenges is identifying critical ITS assets that require protection and understanding the vulnerabilities that cyber attackers can exploit. Additionally, creating a standard profile for ITS is challenging due to the dynamic traffic pattern, which exhibits changes in the movement of vehicles over time. To address these challenges, this paper proposes an information fusion-based cybersecurity threat detection method. Specffically, we employ the Kalman filter for noise reduction, Dempster-Shafer decision theory and Shannon's entropy for assessing the probabilities of traffic conditions being normal, intruded, and uncertain. We utilised Simulation of Urban Mobility (SUMO) to simulate the Melbourne CBD map and historical traffic data from the Victorian transport authority. Our simulation results reveal that information fusion with three sensor data is more effective in detecting normal traffic conditions. On the other hand, for detecting anomalies, information fusion with two sensor data is more efficient.


Dictionaries of neologisms are quite complex to characterize; furthermore, there is little discussion on this issue in the literature and hardly any theoretical reflection on it. In this paper we claim that the specific nature of this kind of dictionaries lies, in part, in the peculiar character of the concept of neologism itself, and in part in the problems involved in lexicographic typologization in general, and of dictionaries of pluricentric languages in particular. We describe dictionaries of neologisms from three points of view: as 'transition' devices, 'remedial' devices, and documents. The aim of this article is to show how Spanish dialectal variation is represented in dictionaries of neologisms that were published since 2008. The main focus of our analysis is the Antenario. Diccionario en línea de neologismos de las variedades del español (http://www.antenario.wordpress.com), designed and written by the Antenas Neológicas Network (https://www.upf.edu/web/antenas). Our discussion is focused on how the pluricentric nature of Spanish impacts on the representation of varieties in the Antenario, which to date is the only dictionary that explicitly sets out to capture this phenomenon. We consider two of the structures of the dictionary: the macrostructure or headword list and the microstructure or structure of the entry.


The slow growth of white leg shrimp and milkfish cultivation became a concern in the location of community service activity (PKM). This was mainly due to food limitation, especially concerning the difficulty in natural food development. The purpose of this endeavor is to apply the production technology and application of organic fertilizer for the cultivation of white leg shrimp and milkfish along the marginal embankments. This endeavor was carried out in April to November 2019 in Mondoe Village, Konawe Selatan District, Southeast Sulawesi. This activity was manifested by providing production facilities, training, production of organic fertilizer, the use of organic fertilizer, white leg shrimp and milkfish cultivation, monitoring, and activities evaluation. The implementation of this activity was able to increase the knowledge, perception, and skills of participants as partners in producing fermented organic fertilizer. The application of the use of organic fertilizer was able to provide alternatives and overcome the limitation of fertilizer for aquaculture businesses in embankments. The results of this PKM were proven to be able to improve partners' knowledge and skills and provide solutions in overcoming the limitation of fertilizer especially in terms of aquaculture businesses in embankments.


In the present work, we analyze the $hp$ version of Virtual Element methods for the 2D Poisson problem. We prove exponential convergence of the energy error employing sequences of polygonal meshes geometrically refined, thus extending the classical choices for the decomposition in the $hp$ Finite Element framework to very general decomposition of the domain. A new stabilization for the discrete bilinear form with explicit bounds in $h$ and $p$ is introduced. Numerical experiments validate the theoretical results. We also exhibit a numerical comparison between $hp$ Virtual Elements and $hp$ Finite Elements.


ion level added 2 categories per clip 1 category added, 1 removed Improved definitions Combined categories 1 category per clip Other initial categories 2 categories per clip My initial categories 2 categories per clip Supervisor's revision


The article explores Book One of Beckett's Trilogy (Molloy) in the context of the author's explicit rejection of Freud's rather speculative idea of death drives. In highlighting this rejection Beckett also demonstrates his attempt at incorporating, within his own work, Schopenhauer's concept of the 'Will'. Indeed, Beckett modifies and adapts Schopenhauer's ideas in the creation of his own aesthetic. In particular, this can be seen through the author's adoption of Schopenhauer's music analogy. Schopenhauer clearly equates music with his idea of the Will in that melody (in its purest form) is essentially a pattern formed out of sound and, consequently, without the need of visual representation. In a similar way, Beckett seeks to get beyond representation within his own art in order to explore the indelible trace or pattern of human existence. It is this ongoing process which explains the extreme representational reductionism of the later prose and drama.


17 The occurrence of 14 organophosphorus flame retardants and plasticizers (PFRs) was 18 investigated in 165 composite food samples purchased from the Belgian market and divided in 19 14 food categories, including fish, crustaceans, mussels, meat, milk, cheese, dessert, food for 20 infants, fats and oils, grains, eggs, potatoes and derived products, other food (stocks) and 21 vegetables. Seven PFRs [namely, tri-n-butyl phosphate (TnBP), tris (2-chloroethyl) phosphate 22 (TCEP), tris (1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TCIPP), tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate 23 (TDCIPP), triphenyl phosphate (TPHP), 2-ethylhexyl diphenyl phosphate (EHDPHP) and tris (224 ethylhexyl) phosphate (TEHP)] were detected at concentrations above quantification limits. Fats 25 and oils were the most contaminated category, with a total PFR concentration of 84.4 ng/g ww, 26 followed by grains (36.9 ng/g ww) and cheese (20.1 ng/g ww). Our results support the 27 hypothesis that PFR contamination may occur during industrial processing and manipulation of 28 food products (e.g. packaging, canning, drying, etc.). Considering the daily average intake of 29 food for the modal adult Belgian (15-64 y), the dietary exposure to sum PFRs was estimated up 30 to 7,500 ± 1,550 ng/day (103 ± 21 ng/kg bw/day). For individual PFRs, TPHP contributed on 31 average with 3,400 ng/day (46.6 ng/kg bw/day), TCIPP with 1,350 ng/day (18.5 ng/kg bw/day), 32 and EHDPHP with 1,090 ng/day (15 ng/kg bw/day), lower than their corresponding health-based 33 reference doses. The mean dietary exposure mainly originated from grains (39 %), followed by 34 fats and oils (21 %) and dairy products (20 %). No significant differences between the intakes of 35 adult men and women were observed. 36 Page 2 of 24 ACS Paragon Plus Environment Environmental Science & Technology


Changes in cell vdume and shape in different layers of the dermal system of the grape Vitis vinifera have been analysed in relation to position along the radius of the fruit and fruit shape. Fruit surface area was found to be a function of changes in both cell area and cell number, though cell number effects were predominant. Cell volume generally increased exponentially from the epidermis inwards, though no single function adequately described the pattern for all cultivars. Deviations from a continuous pattern of change of volume were compatible with the possible occurrence of polyploid periclinal chimeras or endoploids. These results suggest that differences in cellular structure were determined by mechanisms that were independent of potential stresses associated with differences in fruit size and shape.


This article explores a proposed method for identifying and classifying the color uniformity defect on the electronic displays. A neural network learning approach utilizing the backpropagation learning algorithm is employed to search the dissimilarity of the color display condition. The color uniformity defect image perception among several conditions of some observations by human eyesight is used to supervise the training data of the neural networks. A supervisor of the training data is obtained by human expert eyes evaluate the white uniformity grade and compare with the standard grade, then labeling the perception grade into some certainty values. The trained network is used to identify and classify the grades level of the color uniformity defect on the electronic displays. For the experimental purpose, a simulation program is developed to generate the color uniformity defect on the monitor display. We make a comparison with a classical regression analysis method for validation of the proposed method.


PURPOSE: An optical plate and a method for manufacturing the same are provided to prevent the delamination phenomenon of optical sheets by stably bonding a first optical sheet and a second optical sheet. CONSTITUTION: A first optical sheet(151) is formed into a protruded shape and includes first patterns. A reflective layer(155) is arranged on the upper side of the first optical sheet. A second optical sheet(153) is arranged on the upper side of the reflective layer. The rear surface of the second optical sheet is in contact with the reflective layer. The second optical sheet includes second patterns protruded from the front surface of the second optical sheet.


Although cancer treatment has developed considerably in the 21st century, there are still 8–9 million people dying of this disease each year. One strategy, using a patient's own immune system to combat their cancer, has recently led to a significant improvement in survival rates. The concept of immunotherapy is not new; as far back as 1893, William Coley reported tumour regression following repeated injections of bacterial toxin from Streptococcus pyogenes in a patient with advanced sarcoma. Over 100 years later, the use of cancer vaccine has come a long way, with a better understanding of the immune system's interaction with the tumour microenvironment.


A burst in respiration coincident with fruit ripening has been used for over half-a-century to classify harvested fruit such as apples, bananas, melons, and tomatoes as climacteric. In contrast, respiration slowly declines in harvested non-climacteric fruit such as citrus and strawberries. Autocatalytic ethylene production was later recognized as accompanying the ripening of climacteric fruit. We developed a procedure to insert sterile ports in netted muskmelon (Cucumis melo var. Reticulatus Naud.) fruit to allow repetitive sampling of internal gases in both attached and detached fruit as they ripened. Detached fruit produced the characteristic climacteric pattern of carbon dioxide and ethylene production as they ripened


(57) Abstract: The present invention comprises feeding the juice to a resin material having a number of micropores having at least one pore surface capable of fastening the patulin by 20A smaller minimum pore width and chemisorption force, It relates to a method for reducing the patulin in fruit juice. Preferably, the resin does not have a have a weak base functionality and substantially mesopores and macropores. The resin preferably is ultra-bridge between a and swollen state 900m Reproduction involves converting the resin to hold the patulin to more easily flushed washing the derivative with ammonia or a volatile salt generated in situ from a high pH solution.


A while preventing global environmental degradation using lead-free solder and it like tip of erosion and erosion of immersion solder bath soldering iron to effectively suppress it is possible to extend the life, and the cost can be reduced to provide an electronic component that can. The A Sn as a main component, Fe0.01~1 wt%, Ni0.01~1 wt%, of Co0.01~0.6 mass%, contains at least Co, and Fe, Ni, the Co total by der most 1 mass%, stainless steel, iron, and to suppress the manual soldering or for flow soldering for lead-free solder erosion of the iron-based alloy. Then, the electronic component joined electronic member to the printed circuit board using the lead-free solder. .FIELD 4


Summary Some 2,400 sociological descriptions taken from throughout the geographic and ecological range of Nothofagus solandri are divided into 23 plant associations. The breakdown used similarity indices, importance values, and multilinkage cluster analysis. The composition, structure and habitat of each association are given, as are examples to show how the site requirements and ecological tolerances of the more important associated species can be derived.


In this study, an attempt was made to reflect into the historical development of Accounting and Finance education in Nigeria. It examined the various challenges bedeviling the system and the need to refocus because it provides an opportunity to appraise existing conditions with a view to correcting the ills and improving the current situation. The study revealed that development of accounting education in Nigeria has been affected by lack of teachers and research facilities and funding among others. The study recommended among others that government should stop paying lip service to education and the system should be redesigned to make it more responsive to the needs of the Nigerian society.


The odyssey to this special issue on emotional intelligence (EI) has been both interesting and challenging. It is heartening to receive a tremendous response which indicates that the theme 'emotional intelligence' is thriving among researchers across the globe. The review process, obviously, required time and made the selection of articles difficult. Diversity, innovativeness and rigour have been the parameters for inclusion of the articles in the volume. My passion for EI dates back to the late 1970's when I studied the role of non intellectual and personality factors in achievement and published papers and a book. The interest got a phillip with the resurgence of this field with the publication of Goleman's book Emotional Intelligence in 1995. I record my gratitude for encouragement and support received from Dr. Daniel Goleman and Prof. Richard Boyatzis and Me Clelland Centre for Research and Innovation, Hay Group and International EI Consortium to pursue my interest further. A grant from WHO also helped me to delve into this field. Later I developed courses on EI at MBA and Ph.D levels, published papers and organised some management development programmes. The next logical step was to bring out a special issue of this journal on EI; so here it is.


In this research, two different hydrometallurgical processes were introduced for recycling the cathodes of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) from spent LIBs. The cathode materials were leached by malonic acid (MOA), as a leaching agent, and ascorbic acid (AA), as a reducing agent, in the first process, and by l-Glutamic acid (l-Glu), as a leaching agent, and AA, as a reducing agent, in the second process. The results of the tests showed that, with a similar solid-to-liquid (S/L) ratio of 10 g/L and a recovery time of 2 h for both processes, when using MOA of 0.25 M and AA of 0.03 M at 88 °C, 100% lithium (Li), 80% cobalt (Co), 99% nickel (Ni), and 98% manganese (Mn) were extracted, and when using l-Glu of 0.39 M and AA of 0.04 M at 90 °C, 100% Li, 79% Co, 91% Ni, and 92% Mn were extracted. The kinetics of the leaching process for the two systems were well justified by the Avrami equation, which was diffusion-controlled in the MOA + AA system, with the apparent activation energy of 3.23, 14.72, 7.77, and 7.36 kJ/mol for Mn, Ni, Co, and Li, respectively. The l-Glu + AA involved chemical-diffusion kinetic control, with the apparent activation energy for Mn, Ni, Co, and Li of 9.95, 29.42, 20.15, and 16.08 kJ/mol, respectively. Various characterization techniques were used to explain the observed synergistic effect in the l-Glu + AA system, which resulted in reduced acid consumption and enhanced recovery compared to the case of MOA + AA. This occurred because l-Glu is not able to reduce and recover metals without a reductant, while MOA has reductant properties.


Abstract In this article, I aim to vindicate the belief that many teachers have that their intuitions, insights, or perceptions are legitimate—and indispensible—guides for their teaching. Perceptions can constitute knowledge. This runs counter to some number of views that emphasize 'reflective practice' and teachers as 'reflective practitioners.' I do not deny that reflection can be important, but it is a derivative task, dependent on teachers being the 'right sort of subject,' having the 'right orientation' to their work, at the service of achieving that orientation. That orientation is a matter of virtue, where virtue is manifested in the capacity to read situations correctly for what is required to serve persons' welfare, for them to do well. This entails that good teaching is more experienced-based than research-based. Ultimately, it is life experience that provides for teachers' ability to see well.


The invention discloses a multimedia playing adjusting method and a system therefor, and is applicable to electronic devices which access multimedia files and are provided with output devices, and theThe invention discloses a multimedia playing adjusting method and a system therefor, and is applicable to electronic devices which access multimedia files and are provided with output devices, and themultimedia playing adjusting method at least comprises the steps as follows: (a) the multimedia files are analyzed, thus obtaining a first resolution related to the multimedia files; (b) the first re multimedia playing adjusting method at least comprises the steps as follows: (a) the multimedia files are analyzed, thus obtaining a first resolution related to the multimedia files; (b) the first resolution of the multimedia files is compared with a preset second resolution of the output device, thus obtaining a third resolution that is suitable for outputting the multimedia files in the outputsolution of the multimedia files is compared with a preset second resolution of the output device, thus obtaining a third resolution that is suitable for outputting the multimedia files in the outputdevice; (c) the second resolution of a display device is adjusted; and (d) the multimedia files are output from the output device.device; (c) the second resolution of a display device is adjusted; and (d) the multimedia files are output from the output device.


A new 1D model using the real gas property is proposed to predict ejector performance at critical and sub-critical operational modes, while most previous 1D models usually used the ideal gas property and only predicted ejector performance at critical mode operation. Constant pressure mixing is assumed to occur inside the constant area section of the ejector at critical and sub-critical mode operation, and the effectiveness of the model is verified against experimental data. The results show that the proposed model accurately predicts ejector performance over all ranges of operation. The 1D model is a useful tool for predicting ejector performance within larger refrigeration cycle models. © 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. Selection and/or peer-review under responsibility of ICAE


Nonlinear propagation of 1D quasi-plane-waves in 2D photonic lattices leads to first observations of embedded and gap soliton-trains arising from modes at band-edges or non-band-edges. Surface soliton-trains as periodic nonlinear Tamm states are also demonstrated.


Moss plants in tropical mountain forest areas play an essential role in water balance and the forest's nutrient cycle, serving as a substrate, food source, and a place for forest organisms to live. This study aims to analyze the diversity of moss plants in Mount Lawu and Baturraden Botanical Gardens based on the height of the place and substrate type. Moss plants were observed along the Cemoro Kandang hiking trail and around the Baturraden Botanical Garden. A total of 30 species of mosses consisting of 19 species of true mosses, 10 species of liverworts, 1 species of hornworts. The moss plants on the hiking trail are included in 13 orders and 20 families. There are 13 species of mosses found in the Baturraden Botanical Garden, including 7 orders and 10 families, including 8 species of true mosses, 4 species of liverworts, and 1 species hornworts. The highest moss species diversity at the two locations is true mosses (Bryophyta). Most of the mosses are terrestrial mosses. True mosses are evenly distributed in the highlands rather than the lowlands.


The electrical and control engineering components which are qualified for fault resistance in nuclear power stations are exposed during their operating lives to mechanical, thermal and in part to radiological loads, which can cause an ageing process. This paper indicates the concept for a long-term guarantee of resistance to faults.


In this paper two dimensional coupled mode theory is presented. Analyzing the modal behavior, coupling coefficients for various systems could be obtained. It is a natural extension of one dimensional coupled mode theory discussed vastly in the last two decades. A general theory for gain coupling devices, and grating assisted co-directional coupler is presented in this paper. The reason that this theory has not been implemented so far is that, the coupled mode profiles can not be obtained easily. We propose an approximate method based on the Green function for Helmholtz equation for perfect guide. The approximate approach is based on the azimuthal effective index method. This is a good approximation in the weak guidance regime. Coupling coefficients can be obtained from the coupled mode profiles in the grating region in a manner similar to conventional one dimensional theory approach. Numerical results are presented for single dielectric waveguides with periodic corrugations. The theory can also analyze grating-assisted directional couplers, and gain coupled distributed feedback lasers. Furthermore, it can be easily modified to handle the same structures used in other fields of interest.


Transmission line technology is very important in TV transmitting.It is used broadly in the TV broadcasting equipments and is the basal technology in wireless communications.This article describes the basic theory of transmission line technology and its applications in the TV transmitting station and in the adjusting impedance matching of TV transmitting system.


The recent experimental realization of a programmable two-dimensional square superconducting qubit array opens a new avenue for quantum simulation with qubits [Science 372, 948 (2021)]. Here, we present an experimentally feasible method to achieve two-dimensional superconducting qubit lattice with tunable coupling strengths. A configuration with higher-order topological phases is constructed, featuring topologically protected boundary states in lower dimension (corner states). We show that the quadrupole topological phases can be effectively characterized by the dynamics of the single-excitation quantum state. Moreover, we also explore the detection and dynamics of the corner modes in our qubit lattice system. Particularly, we propose an effective scheme to realize quantum information transfer via the corner states. Our work suggests that superconducting circuits systems are a fertile platform to study novel topological quantum phases and may shed light on the ongoing exploration of topologically protected quantum information processing.


Bubble is widely used in separation processes to separate useful material from others. The bubble separation process utilizes the hydrophobic and hydrophilic surface properties as encountered in flotation. The bubble characteristic determines the separation process so that research of the phenomenon of bubble production becomes important. One method to generate bubbles is to utilize the phenomenon of water entrainment. This study aims to determine the parameters that influence the bubble production by air entrainment vertical jet impingement in the surface of the water, especially on the effect of jet height on air entrainment rate, bubble depth penetration, and bubble size. Set up experiment consist of pump, nozzle, don comer, water flow meter and water pool. The datas are represented by videos and photos obtained by using camera and video with back lighting. Data in the form of image processed with image processing program to obtain quantitative data. The results showed that jet height affects the water entrainment rate, bubble depth penetration, and bubble size.Bubble is widely used in separation processes to separate useful material from others. The bubble separation process utilizes the hydrophobic and hydrophilic surface properties as encountered in flotation. The bubble characteristic determines the separation process so that research of the phenomenon of bubble production becomes important. One method to generate bubbles is to utilize the phenomenon of water entrainment. This study aims to determine the parameters that influence the bubble production by air entrainment vertical jet impingement in the surface of the water, especially on the effect of jet height on air entrainment rate, bubble depth penetration, and bubble size. Set up experiment consist of pump, nozzle, don comer, water flow meter and water pool. The datas are represented by videos and photos obtained by using camera and video with back lighting. Data in the form of image processed with image processing program to obtain quantitative data. The results showed that jet height affects the water...


Analysis of correlation of refraction dynamics and ocular fundus picture in children with intense training showed that visual acuity and reserve of accommo dation were reduced at the beginning of training. The relation between read rate and visual functions was pointed out.


This study is intended to find out about the two basic skills which are speaking and writing skill presented in Project level 1 (4th edition) and Achievers A1+ textbook. The textbooks were evaluated by using the theoretical framework as proposed by Cunningsworth (1995). 4 criteria were used to evaluate the presentation of the speaking skill and 9 criteria were used to examine the writing sections. The findings of this study show some interesting similarities and differences that both textbooks have on the presentation of speaking and writing skills.


The random errors intrinsic to the determination of metal absorption coeffients based on the quantum-defect theory are estimated by comparing independently calculated values. The errors averaged over the n appear tp be about 30 percent or less for sodium aluminum, and magnesium, but increases to a factor of 2 for carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and silicon, suggesting a possibly large error resultingfi from their use in model-atmosphere calculations for hydrogen-deficient stars. However, for stars of normal abundances such errors seem to remain within 20 percent for the spectroscpically important wavelengths between 1250 and 3500A. (auth)


Physical fitness of 900 volunteers over 60 years of age were analyzed using a 6-item battery test to obtain fundamental data on the fitness status of the aged Japanese. The test battery consisted of stepping, vertical jump, grip strength, breath holding, body flexion and one-leg balancing, and could be performed safely with relatively mild physical stress in the elderly after simple screening by measurement of resting blood pressure and oral check on mobility problems of the knee and the hip. Males showed significantly higher values in vertical jump, grip strength and breath holding, while females showed significantly higher values in body flexion. There were no sex differences in stepping and one-leg balancing. Lowing trend was found in the score with age in all items except breath holding, but the extent of the reduction differed among the measure elements of fitness. Most of measured items showed significant correlations each other. The values obtained with this test are considered to be useful for future analysis of the fitness of aged people and also to determine the exercise appropriate for them. (Jpn. J. Phys. Fitness Sports Med. 1989, 38 :175•`185) key words ; Fitness test, Aged people, Physical fitness, Aging.


The pricing of agricultural products in supermarket needs to rely on artificial memory.In order to realize intelligent recognition of agricultural products,an image recognition method of agricultural products based on the multi-instance learning was proposed.An improved Single Blob with Neighbors(SBN) method was adopted to organize bags and meanwhile extract features of an image.The target concept was learned by maximizing Diverse Density(DD) and applied to images recognition.Experiments were performed on both multi-class produce image dataset by self-collection and single-class agricultural product images selected from Amsterdam Library of Object Images(ALOI).The experimental results show that the method is able to recognize multi-class agricultural product images captured under various illumination conditions and interference environment,and the recognition rate can achieve 94.21 percent.Additionally,the method performs better than global method when recognizing single-class agricultural product images.


The Tribal conflict between Dayak and Madurese of West Kalimantan in 1996 – 2000 causing their communication had totally broken for many years. In 2002, they began to communicate. Until now, they still improve their communication quality. It is important to know how they conduct this reconciliation communication after all of their conflict. This research investigates people roles in the reconciliation communication between Dayak and Madurese in Kabupaten Bengkayang, West Kalimantan. Researcher using in-depth interview, observation, and literature study in this Phenomenology research. Nineteen informants were chosen purposively. They are both Dayak and Madurese, people from other tribe, police, and government officer. The result shows there are four roles in this communication; they are Dayaknese and Madurese as the main actor or performer, the guarantor as a mediator, the police officer and local government officer as an advisor, and other ethnics as colleagues. Madurese needs guarantor to ensure their live. Dayak and Madurese need an advisor when they facing a problem. Both of them also need other ethnics as colleagues to smooth communication. All of them played a role dramaturgically in positive purposes, as a personal or as a team member.


Various carboxamides or peptides were synthesized from the corresponding carboxylic acids and amines or alpha-amino acids in high yields by the catalysis of 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine N-oxide (DMAPO) with 2-methyl-6-nitrobenzoic anhydride (MNBA). Because the segment-coupling reaction of alpha-amino acids proceeds through the effective activation of the carboxylic acid moieties with DMAPO in the presence of tertiary amines under mild conditions, undesired racemization was hardly observed in the synthesis of oligopeptides such as Z-Gly-Phe-Val-OMe, Z-Phe-Val-Ala-OMe, and Bz-Val-Val-OMe.


Objective To investigate the influential factors on arteriovenous fistula re-thrombosis in hemodialysis patients. Methods Thirty four hemodialysis patients hospitalized due to arteriovenous fistula thrombosis were selected as case group( Group A). According to the frequency of thrombosis,Group A was further divided into initial thrombosis group( Group A1,one time thrombosis) and re-thrombosis group( Group A2,two or more times thrombosis). Thirty four hemodialysis patients with no thrombosis,matched with Group A in sex,age and operation time,were selected as control group( Group B). Clinical data and blood indicators of each group related to initial thrombosis and re-thrombosis were collected for analysis. Results Significantly higher frequency of diabetes,unfractionated heparin anticoagulation usage,hemoglobin( Hb),hematocrit( Hct),triglycerides( TG),cholesterol( CHO) and calcium-phosphorus product( Ca ×P) in were observed in Group A than Group B; with significantly lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol( HDL-C,P 0. 05). Meanwhile,significantly higher frequency of diabetes,unfractionated heparin anticoagulation usage after initial thrombosis and urokinase thrombolysis usage were revealed in Group A2 than Group A1,with significantly lower aspirin usage and HDL-C( P 0. 05). Conclusion After initial thrombosis,diabetes,unfractionated heparin anticoagulation usage and urokinase thrombolysis usage are the risk factors of re-thrombosis. Aspirin and HDL-C could prevent the occurrence of re-thrombosis.


Abstract The use of X-ray fluorescence spectrometry is described as a means of determination of total sulfur concentration of aqueous mixtures. The results of X-ray analyses of several types of solutions are compared to the results obtained by the gravimetric methods of barium sulfate precipitation. Sample pretreatment and handling were minimized by the X-ray method. Solutions containing sodium and chloride ion concentrations resembling those found in natural seawater were found to be especially amenable to total sulfur determination by X-ray fluorescence analysis.