Although the first precise description of endometriosis was made 80 years ago, the disease still belongs to the group of pathological conditions which are quite frequently called 'enigmatic disorders'. The term 'endometriosis' was introduced by John Sampson in 1927, who established retrograde flow of endometrial elements into the abdominal cavity as the most probable cause of the disease. The disease is characterized by the growth of endometrial tissue outside the uterine cavity. Multiple theories have been put forward to explain the pathogenesis of endometriosis. Today, to the retrograde menstruation theory of Sampson, we must add the proposal that the specific inflammatory response creates an environment that may promote implantation and proliferation as the result of defective 'immunosurveillance'. Recently, evidence for dysfunction of the immune system has accumulated and it has been found that changes in cell-mediated immunity and humoral immunity contribute to the development of the disease. Nevertheless, the question is still open as to whether changes in the immune system which lead to the disease, are coincidental to it, or result from it. A number of studies have been devoted to looking for some genetic background to endometriosis and to elucidating the role of genetic polymorphism as a possible factor contributing to its development. However, in the literature we meet a strikingly large amount of conflicting results. Some authors have provided evidence that the disturbed regulation of a number of differentially expressed mRNAs in eutopic/ectopic endometrium by ovarian steroids may influence the expression of specific target genes and take part in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. Our own data on the activity of matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitors support the hypothesis that this pathway plays an important role in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. Considering different etiologic theories regarding endometriosis one should come to the conclusion that all the described mechanisms can contribute to the clinical situation of the individual woman and that the degree of contribution varies from patient to patient. The exact prevalence of the disorder is unknown and varying figures have been published in the literature: the rough estimate is that endometriosis occurs in 3–10% of women of reproductive age and 25–35% of women with infertility problems. Endometriosis should always be suspected if any woman is complaining of infertility, dysmenorrhea and dyspareunia, although it must be remembered that the disease can be also asymptomatic. Nevertheless, endometriosis should be considered in all cases of infertility or in women with pain in the lower part of the abdomen, with the uterus in fixed retroversion, with nodularity of the uterosacral ligaments and cul-de-sac, and the precise diagnosis should always be confirmed by laparoscopy. Treatment of the disease before initiated must be based on the extent and severity of endometriosis. The most common classification system employed in clinical practice is the one developed by the American Society for Reproductive Medicine (ASRM) based on findings at laparoscopy or laparotomy. The most important goal in the classification and staging of endometriosis is to propose an effective plan for management. But we must be aware that the staging system does not correlate well with pain relief and with a woman's chance of conception following therapy. There are many biological mechanisms that may link endometriosis and infertility. These mechanisms involve distorted pelvic anatomy with major pelvic adhesions; altered peritoneal function, which may have an adverse effect on the oocyte, sperm, embryo


Introduction and Scope Scholarly communication today faces unprecedented social and economic challenges coupled with the unbridled promises of new technologies that purport to solve many of its problems. Most of the problems are largely due to the serials price crisis in science, technology, and medicine, but others have also existed for awhile now such as tedious publication delays and criticism of the anonymous peer review process (Bachrach, et al, 1998; Mannheim, 2000). Facilitated by advances in information and communication technologies digital libraries at first (Schatz, et al, 1994; Atkinson, 1996; Harter, 1997), and more recently digital repositories (Atkinson, 2003; Barton, 2003 ) have emerged as alternative scholarly communication and publishing media. Heery and Anderson (2005) provide a review of digital repositories but very simply, digital repositories are unlike digital libraries such as Perseus, in that repositories provide a submission mechanism whereby scholars can deposit an electronic copy of their work at the time or soon after creation. Digital repositories are also called open access archives because of the lack of tolls, fees, or other legal and economic restrictions to access the content they make available (Ginsparg, 1996). For Lynch (2003), repositories are an essential infrastructure for scholarship in the digital age but for Tennant (2005) they merely collect "grey literature." This situation is further exacerbated by references to the "commons" whose metaphorical meanings (like libraries and repositories) also range from the public domain to ideas far larger than that. Using the open source software model of knowledge production as a main example, Benkler (2002) argues for understanding modern information and knowledge production as a commons-based peer production model; this is also a view that makes sense when one considers the popularity of wikis or the global open access archives that have been operating in disciplines like high energy physics and computer science for more than a decade now. Even more interestingly, the Conservation Commons (2006) is using the idea of the commons to solve problems of biodiversity and the Science Commons (2006) is promoting the easing of barriers for scientific information of all types. The commons has enormous implications for research and teaching in the communities that make up the information sciences. Yet, the overwhelming majority of the ISI-ranked IS/LS journals today remain closed, there appears to be little innovation in our disciplinary scholarly communication system, there is only modest research from the information sciences community about the 'commons' and its potential for innovating information sciences research, including impact on digital libraries and digital repositories remains unexplored.


Mucolipidosis (ML) is a kind of skeletal dysplasia. Characteristic X-ray findings of the bone may contribute to the early diagnosis and treatment of ML II/III. Skeletal radiographs show distinctive patterns at different ages: neonatal hyperparathyroidism, osteodystrophy (similar to chronic osteitis fibrosa cystica), and dysostosis multiplex. Patients with ML II/III show a mixture of osteodystrophic bone changes and atypical changes of dysostosis multiplex: proximal pointing of the metacarpals in the wrist, dysplastic changes in the lower third of the ilia, marked broadening of the ribs becoming oar-shaped, and beaking of the lower thoracic and lumbar vertebrae. In ML II, the osteodystrophy has clinical and radiographic features of neonatal hyperparathyroidism. In some neonatal subjects, chemical hyperparathyroidism is also demonstrated. After transient hyperparathyroidism in newborns, the progressive osteitis fibrosa cystica develops from 3–6 months of age. Patients with ML III show prominent skeletal involvement, particularly the destruction of vertebral bodies and the femoral heads. Intravenous pamidronate treatment is well tolerated, and it can produce clinical effects, with a reduction in bone pain and improvements in mobility in patients with ML III. In this review, the skeletal manifestations of ML II and III are investigated.


Rhabdosciadium aucheri (Apiaceae) is an Iranian endemic species, which grows in west, center and south regions of Iran. The aim of the present study was to investigate the genetic diversity, population structure and morphological variations of 70 individuals belonging to seven geographical populations of Hamadan, Lorestan, Kurdistan and Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari provinces, employing inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers. In order to estimate morphological variations 38 characters were used. For molecular investigations, three gene pools in the country were identified using STRUCTURE analysis and K-Means clustering and also separation by the distance among the mentioned populations was defined properly. The Mantel test showed correlation between genetic and geographical distance. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) demonstrated a significant genetic variability among the studied populations. It showed that 52% of total genetic variation was due to within-population diversity. These data might be used in conservation of this considerable medicinal species in the country.


Since its creation the euro area suffered from imbalances between its core and peripheral members. This paper checks whether macroprudential policy applied to the peripheral countries could contribute to providing more macroeconomic stability in this region. To this end we build a two-economy macrofinancial model and simulate the effects of macroprudential policy (regulating the loan-to-value ratio) when the core and the periphery are exposed to asymmetric shocks. We find that macroprudential policy is able to substantially lower the amplitude of credit and output fluctuations in the periphery. However, for the policy to be effective, it should be decentralized. Very similar conclusions hold when welfare is considered as the optimality criterion.


A moisture reference year (MRY) is generally used to assess the durability, or long-term performance of building envelopes within a long climatological time period, e.g. a 31 year timeframe. The intent of this paper is to develop a set of moisture reference years that can be used to assess risk to the formation of mould growth in wood-frame buildings over the long-term. The set of moisture reference years have been developed based on 15 realizations of 31-year climate data. Replicated Latin Hypercube Sampling is applied to select 15 sub-realizations with 7 representative years having different levels of moisture index (MI) from each realization. Thereafter, hygrothermal simulations are performed for a brick veneer clad wood-frame wall assembly using the 15 sub-realizations; that sub-realization which produces the highest value of maximum mould growth index over 7-year period is selected as the MRY. The selection process is then implemented for all 15 realizations of the 31-years of data sets, from which 15 sets of 7-year long MRYs are selected to represent the original 15 realizations. It is shown that the 15 sets of 7-year long MRYs can produce the same value of maximum mould growth index as well as the uncertainty as compared to the original 15 realizations having a 31-year climate data set.


Over the last two decades, bicyclic sugars gained considerable interest, due to their ability to act as glycosidase inhibitors [1]. In this work, we present new synthetic strategies for the preparation of symmetrical vicinal diuloses, which depict a rare class of sugars. There are only three similar diuloses that has been described in the literature [2] [3] [4]. Furthermore, another representative of this class was extracted from the roots of the Mexican plant Psacalium peltatum and was proven to cause hypoglycemic effects [5].


Alcohol is the most commonly used and abused drug among youth. Also, early initiation of alcohol use (before 14 years of age) is a predictor of impaired health status. A cross-sectional descriptive study using a modified standard questionnaire was conducted among 250 youth of Suryabinayak Municipality, Bhaktapur. Data was objectively analyzed in SPSS full version 23. Overall, 56% of youth reported current drinking, with male (37.6%) outnumbering female (18.4%). 32.8% of youth were lifetime abstainers while 73.6% of current drinkers were found to drink in the past 30 days. The mean age of initiating drinking alcohol was found to be 17 years. 61.9% were introduced into the alcohol by their friends. Almost half of the respondents (44.7%) drink beer. Female usually drink jaad/chyang, beer and wine whereas male usually drink jaad/chyang, beer, distillery products and mix. Among those who drink in past 30 days, 49.5% reported binge drinking (male 47.6%, female 1.9%). Association of alcohol consumption was found to be highly significant with age group, gender, ethnicity, family history of alcohol use and friend's history (p ≤ 0.0001 at CI 95%). Effective intervention strategies addressing the underage drinking need a great focus from community level to center level to prevent underage alcohol consumption.


A surface plasmon that is excited on the interface separating a metal and a nonlinear semiconductor has a propagation constant that depends on the power carried by the plasmon. We present an analytic expression for the change in the propagation constant of the plasmon, KΔβ, as a function of the dielectric constants of the two media, the nonlinear refractive index of the semiconductor, n2,E, and the power carried by the plasmon. We define a figure of merit, P0, which is the power required for shifting the phase of the plasmon by π/2 along a distance S, (S = 1/2α, where α is the plasmon decay constant), and find the wavelength dependence of KΔβ and P0.


CMYK 393 2. Xiao X, Guo X, Wang D, Xue G. Mechanism and treatment principle for cerebral vessel spasm caused by concussion. Chin J Traumatol 2002;5:380-4. 3. http://www.medscape.com/druginfo (Accessed on 2 January, 2004). 4. Langham J, Goldfrad C, Teasdale G, Shaw D, Rowan K. Calcium channel blockers for acute traumatic brain injury (Cochrane Methodology Review). In: The Cochrane Library, Issue 4, 2003. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


recognized importance in biodiversity and conservation. However, we still lack information about its interaction with different trophic levels, such as parasitism. Although we have advanced significantly in the last years, we have studied host-parasite interactions for only 16.45% of the Brazilian anurans (Campião et al., 2014). Among helminth endoparasites, the filaroid nematodes are a very peculiar group, once they include a life stage in the blood of their hosts. Blood parasites also include protozoans such as Trypanosoma, Hepatozoon and Haemogregarina species (Souza, 1974; McKenzie and Starks, 2008). The Hylodidae Günther, 1858 represents well the scarcity of studies, since it is composed by 26 species occurring in the southeast and south of Brazil (Frost, 2017) and none of these was studied for parasites. Here we report the association of a filarial nematode parasitizing Hylodes heyeri (Fig. 1). Our study was carried out in Parque Estadual do Marumbi (MSP, State Decree 7.300/90) (25°29'23" S; 48°58'37" W) in Piraquara, Paraná, southern Brazil. We conducted two field surveys during the breeding season, one in September 2017 and one in January 2018. We surveyed two streams using visual and auditory surveys (Scott and Woodward, 1994), license SISBIO 53210-2. For each anuran we collected blood samples and made blood smears, which were fixed with methanol, stained with Giemsa (16%), and screened for blood parasites with an optical microscope (Carl Zeiss). Then, specimens were killed with Lidocaine 5%, fixed in 10% formalin, preserved in 70% ethanol and deposited in the collection of the Museu de História Natural do Capão da Imbuia (MHNCI 10868-10872) in Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil. We examined the blood smears of twenty specimens of H. heyeri (mean SVL = 40.91 mm ± 0.15 SD, mean body weight = 5.75 g ± 0.75 SD). Among those, one specimen (male, SVL = 40.29 mm, weight = 6.9 g) was infected by microfilariae (n = 13, average length = 100.14 μm, ± 25.36 SD, average width = 4.91 μm ± 1.19 SD; Fig. 2). Infections by blood nematode parasites are reported among amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals (McKenzie, 2007). In the most common form of infection, parasites in adult stage live within the host's body cavity, where the female releases the larval microfilariae that reach the bloodstream of the host (McKenzie, 2007). Among amphibians, reports of microfilariae are scarce. Only Rhinella marina (Linnaeus, 1758), Boana lundii (Burmeister, 1856), Boana geographica (Spix, 1824), Bokermannohyla luctuosa (Pombal and Haddad, 1993), and Leptodactylus Herpetology Notes, volume 11: 367-368 (2018) (published online on 02 May 2018)


We assessed patterns of grey matter atrophy according to age-at-onset in a large sample of 215 AD patients and 129 controls with voxel-based morphometry using 3Tesla 3DT1 magnetic resonance imaging. Local grey matter amounts were compared between lateand early-onset AD patients and older and younger controls, taking into account the effect of APOE. Additionally, combined effects of age and diagnosis on volumes of hippocampus and precuneus were assessed. Compared to age-matched controls, late-onset AD patients exhibited atrophy of hippocampus, right temporal lobe and cerebellum, whereas early-onset AD patients showed GM atrophy in hippocampus, temporal lobes, precuneus, cingulate gyrus, and inferior frontal cortex. Direct comparisons between lateand early-onset AD revealed more pronounced atrophy of precuneus in early-onset AD patients and more severe atrophy in medial temporal lobe in late-onset AD patients. Age and diagnosis independently affected hippocampus; moreover, the interaction between age and diagnosis showed that precuneus atrophy was most prominent in early-onset AD. Our results suggest that patterns of atrophy may vary in the spectrum of AD.


Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-assisted relay mobile edge computing (MEC) network is a prominent concept, where network deployment is flexible and network coverage is wide. In scenarios such as emergency communications and low-cost coverage, optimization of offloading methods and resource utilization are important ways to improve system effectiveness due to limited terminal and UAV energy and hardware equipment. A multilevel edge computing network resource optimization model on the basis of UAV fusion that provides relay forwarding and offload services is established by considering the initial energy state of the UAV, the green energy charging function, and the reliability of computing offload. With normalized system utility function maximization as the goal, a Markov decision process algorithm meets the needs of the practical application scene and provides a flexible and effective unloading mode. This algorithm is adopted to solve the optimal offloading mode and the optimal resource utilization scheme. Simulations verify the effectiveness and reliability of the proposed multilevel offloading model. The proposed model can optimize system resource allocation and effectively improve the utility function and user experience of computing offloading systems.


In the paper by Vishen et al. [1], the authors refer to two papers of ours, numbered [8] and [10] in their list of references, and apparently without any elaboration make certain unwarranted comments on the method and results of [8], namely: Some of the tabulated parameters of [8] actually yield nonphysical results; also, symmetric and antisymmetric modes appear to be degenerate, which contradicts experimental observations.


Two patients exhibited persistent signs of infection that required blood culture and peripheral blood analysis. Ultimately, these two patients were found to have interfering fungemia by hematology analysis using a DxH 800 device (Beckman Coulter, Brea, CA, USA) (Figure 1). Patient A: A 55-year-old woman known to have Charcot's disease initially only treated with piperacillin-tazobactam followed by caspofungin according to peripheral blood analysis. After 11.8 h, her blood culture was positive for Candida parapsilosis. Patient B: An 84-year-old man on palliative care for colonic neoplasia. He did not receive antifungal treatment. After 23.3 h, his blood culture was positive for Candida glabrata. For both samples, analysis using a DxH 800 hematology analyzer revealed the following same flags: "Abnormal Erythroblasts (ERB) distribution" and "ERB interference," associated with particular data plots. While the nucleated red blood cells channel mimics erythroblast cells (A3–B3), differential leukocytes data plot revealed an unusual extra leukocyte zone (A2–B2). Only for patient A did the analyzer correct a significant interference on the impedance leukocyte count (A4–D4). Invasive fungal infections remain a major cause of morbidity and nosocomial infection, especially in immunocompromised patients and intensive care units. Hematology analyzers (DxH in this case or XN-literature) are not designed to identify fungi. They can nevertheless allow more rapid diagnosis and early implementation of a more patient-specific treatment.


We studied cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels in the hippocampus of Balb/c mice with brain lateralization. Using paw preference tests, the right-pawed, left-pawed and ambidextrous mouse model was established. Two weeks after the session of pawed preference testing, each mouse in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) group was injected intraperitonally with 5 μg LPS dissolved in 0.5 ml saline. Each mouse in the control group was injected with 0.5 ml saline only. The mice were sacrificed by decapitation 2 h after the injection of LPS or saline. The whole left and right hippocampus were rapidly removed and separated on ice, then quickly frozen on dry ice. All samples were stored at (-70℃) until the time of homogenization. Each hippocampus was weighed and homogenized in 0.01 mol phosphate-buffered saline (4℃ 1∶10, weight/volume). The homogenate was centrifuged (10 000 r/min, 15 min, 4℃), and the supernatant was stored at (-70℃.)The IL-6 levels of tissue homogenates were measured using mouse IL-6 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits purchased from Pharmingen. In saline treated mice, there were significantly differences among the three groups:IL-6 level in hippocampus of right-pawed group was higher than that of left-pawed group (P=0.001), and IL-6 level of left-pawed group was higher than that of ambidextrous mouse group (P=0.001). There were no significantly differences between bilateral hippocampus. In LPS treated mice, total IL-6 level of Balb/c mice had no change,but the IL-6 level in right hippocampus of right-pawed increased significantly compared with that in right hippocampus of left-pawed (P0.001) and ambidextrous mice (P0.001). The results indicate that IL-6 levels in hippocampus of physiological condition and in bilateral hippocampus after treatment of LPS are correlated to brain lateralization.


Respiratory system cancer (cancer of the nasal cavity, middle ear, paranasal sinuses (C30-31), larynx (C32), trachea, bronchi and lung (C33-34) is one of the most common malignancies in the Tomsk region, comprising 12.9% of all cancer cases.
The purpose of the study was to analyze the respiratory system cancer incidence among the population of the Tomsk region.
Materials and methods. The study was based on cancer register data collected at the Cancer Research Institute and Tomsk Regional Cancer Center, and covered the period 2005-2016.
Results. Respiratory system cancer is the most common cancer in men, comprising 21.7% and the 6-th most common cancer in women, comprising 5.1. The incidence of respiratory system cancer decreased in men and showed an increasing tendency in women. The age-standardized incidence rates in the Tomsk region were expected to be 58.3 per 100,000 males and 12.8 per 100,000 females by 2020.
Conclusion. Early detection and prediction of respiratory system cancer should play a vital role in the diagnosis process and also increase the survival rate of patient.


Abstract The cut-and-project method is employed to construct octagonal, decagonal and dodecagonal quasilattices. We also simulate the diffraction patterns with eight-, tenand twelvefold symmetries, which show striking similarities with the electron diffraction images observed from the octagonal, decagonal and dodecagonal quasicrystals.


The COVID-19 pandemic has shown how important it is to prepare one's own financial budget for the unexpected loss of income. In this dimension, the financial education of the society plays an invaluable role. It allows us to account for events that may adversely affect personal finances in our budget management decisions. Therefore, the aim of the article is to check whether households with a higher level of financial and debt literacy have better management skills from the perspective of a household's budget, which in the face of a crisis reduces the risk of individuals not paying their liabilities. Thus, at the turn of June and July 2020, we conducted surveys among 1300 Polish citizens. Using the multinomial logistic regression, we show that people with a higher financial and debt literacy are less affected by overindebtedness. During the crisis, people who have a higher debt literacy are better prepared to manage credit liabilities; in this situation, financial literacy is less important. In addition, the type of credit experience turned out to be significant. Respondents who have experience with consumer loans (potentially high-margin products) are more likely to have debt repayment problems than those with mortgage loans experiences.


Although differential reinforcement of low rate (DRL) schedules have been used in studying various aspects of schedule-controlled behavior (cf. Kramer & Rilling, 1970; Richelle, 1972), until quite recently there were few studies in which the major temporal parameter, the minimum amount of time between successive reinforced responses has been varied systematically. A wide range of species has been studied under DRL schedules, and there seems to be a very rough phylogenetic ordering in that rats and monkeys seem to be more efficient at spacing responses than pigeons and mice (cf. Kramer & Rilling, 1970; Richardson & Loughead, 1974b; Richelle, 1972). However, the large discrepancies among experimental procedures in the various experiments make such comparisons hazaradous. It does seem clear, however, that pigeons have difficulty spacing pecking responses to meet the demands of DRL schedule values of greater than about 20 sec, even though they can discriminate well such temporal intervals (Reynolds, 1966; Staddon, 1965). Schedule-controlled behavior of goldfish is of interest because there is almost no information on behavior under various appetitive reinforcement schedules in fish (fixed ratio and fixed interval were studied slightly by Eskin & Bitterman, 1960; Hogan, Kleist, & Hutchings, 1970; and Rozin, 1964). Schedules are often used for studying other aspects of behavior and, of course, schedule-controlled behavior is of interest in its own right. Many species respond in very comparable ways under a wide range of reinforcement schedules, thus establishing great generality for schedule-controlled phenomena. However, simple DRL schedules appear to produce somewhat different behavioral adaptations in, e.g., rats and pigeons. The relative "difficulty" pigeons have in coping with key peck DRL schedules is probably related to the kinds of species-typical responses involved in autoshaping. This is suggested by the important role collateral behaviors seem to play in DRL performance of pigeons (Richardson & Loughead, 1974a), and by


In the last 10 years the World has increased significantly the frequency of joint replacement in patients with coronary artery disease. Coronary angioplasty with stenting significantly improve the capacity and effectiveness of the treatment of coronary artery disease. However, an important factor limiting the effectiveness of endovascular treatment of restenosis remains the stented area.The article presents an overview of the most studied gene polymorphisms of hemostasis, inflammation system, the renin-angiotensin system, endothelial nitric oxide synthase, which can play a key role in the development of in-stent restenosis. Research in this area are significant and may help in understanding the mechanisms and risk stratification of restenosis after angioplasty.


Summary. It has been doubted whether people in peripheral Norway were able to master the technique of extracting metal from solid rock, prior to the Late Middle Ages, when German miners prospected and explored ore deposits. This paper sheds light on metallurgists working in the medieval Old town of Oslo, their access to local raw materials, and their metallurgical expertise and abilities. It is argued that people living in Oslo had access to the rock mineral galena (PbS), and that by AD 1150–1200, at the latest, they had the technology to produce lead. It can be contended that metallurgical activities took place in two different areas of the town. The study also indicates that local lead was in circulation simultaneously as lead from foreign sources, which may have provided new opportunities for actors in the town. While the lead was used to produce so-called everyday products, indications of serial production of spinning whorls, exceeding that of a normal household, could have been connected to a specialized industry for shoe production. Furthermore, this paper demonstrates how with crossdisciplinary methods, new information can be gathered from old treasures.


Thermal treatments applied to lignocellulosic materials were found to induce internal chemical reactions, which modified the physical and mechanical properties and dimensional stability of the material. A 3-year-old basal section of bamboo (Guadua angustifolia Kunth), with no nodes and no skin, was subjected to a thermal treatment at temperatures which ranged from 160 to 200 °C for 1 to 4 h. The tensile stiffness showed a slight increase with temperature and time, while the tensile strength showed a notable increase at 160 °C for 2 h. There was a 5% difference in the equilibrium moisture content at 80% relative humidity between the untreated samples and the 200 °C, 4 h treatment.


The government has imposed social restrictions during the COVID-19 pandemic, affecting the education sector, including the early childhood school. Distance education offers different methods from the conventional methods, as the students are expected to gain the same skills, including critical thinking skills. Therefore, teachers must provide distance learning innovations using relevant learning media, such as multimedia-based learning. This research aims to assess the efficacy of multimedia learning in early childhood distance learning. This research is a quantitative model with a quasi-experimental pretest and posttest design. The data collection technique utilized questionnaires given to 30 samples of early childhood children. The data were statistically analyzed using SPSS software. The results confirmed that multimedia-based learning for distance learning could develop critical thinking skills in early childhood children during the COVID-19 pandemic. The results of this study offer exploration of learning strategies to improve children's critical thinking.


Of the total amount of additives produced and sold in the world, gear oil additives are the second largest group, after the engine oil additives. According to the purpose of the finished lubricant, these additives can be classed as either additives for automotive gear lubricants or additives for industrial gear lubricants. Although the main function of such additives is the same for both types of lubricants, namely to reduce friction and wear and avoid surface fatigue, permanent deformation of the tooth, and excessive wear, the requirements that these lubricants have to meet are different. The most important specifications for automotive gear lubricants are, in the USA, API GL‐1—GL‐6, and MIL L 2105 A—2105 D, respectively, whereas in Europe manufacturers tend to have taken GL‐4 or GL‐5 as a basis, and added their own supplementary requirements. Industrial gear lubricants are manufactured according to US Steel 224 specification, DIN 51517/3, and AGMA 250.04. The gear oil additives themselves are based on sulphur and phosphorus chemistry, but other chemicals are introduced into the additive packages to ensure oxidation stability, anti‐corrosion protection, copper compatibility and better seal compatibility. Boron compounds are shown to improve the antiwear and extreme‐pressure properties of the lubricants, as well as oxidation stability, thermal stability and detergency. Rig and bench tests demonstrate the benefits of adding boron compounds to fully formulated GL 5 oils and to classic sulphur‐phosphorus additive packages for automotive and industrial gear oils.


Based on the axisymmetric large-strain consolidation (ALSC) model with the void ratio as the variable under equal strain condition, difference schemes of model's equation, initial condition, and boundary condition were given. Taking phosphatic clay in Florida as a research object, the consolidation behaviors of soil with high water content by axisymmetric large-strain theory and one-dimensional large-strain theory were analyzed. The effect of different kinds of consolidation theories and self-weight stress on an average degree of consolidation was evaluated. The development of the void ratio and excess pore water pressure along the soil layer was clarified. The results show that the theoretical value of Terzaghi's consolidation degree is always less than that of ALSC (Us, the average degree of consolidation defined by strain)-vertical drainage in the consolidation process. Terzaghi's solution overestimates the dissipation rate of excess pore water pressure during the earlier consolidation period but underestimates it during the later consolidation period. The degree of consolidation calculated by Hansbo develops faster than ALSC (Up, the average degree of consolidation defined by stress)-radial drainage, but slower than ALSC (Us)-radial drainage. In the ALSC model, Us is always been faster than Up. The effect of self-weight on the consolidation degree of axisymmetric large-strain consolidation theory is relatively small (maximum error is less than 16%), while it can accelerate the consolidation rate of soil in one-dimensional large-strain consolidation theory largely. When only the vertical drainage occurs, the consolidation rate in the middle of the soil is obviously lagging the upper and lower parts, while the radial drainage can reduce the void ratio and the excess pore water pressure along the soil layer uniformly and more rapidly.


Crude hydrocolloid extract has been prepared from the leaves of Yanang ( Tiliacora triandra ). This research studied effects of Yanang gum on pasting and textureal properties of blending of waxy rice flour. Rapid visco analysis (RVA) results showed that the ratio of Yanang extract to water of 1:3 and 1:4 (w/w) significantly decreased the trough, breakdown, and final viscosities of the waxy rice flour whereas the peak viscosities, peak time, and pasting temperatures of the blends were increased. Textural study revealed that the addition of crude Yanang gum enhanced more hardness and springiness of the blending gels than those of waxy rice flour gel, whereas cohesiveness was less affected. These results would be useful as a guideline for developing frozen starch-based food products containing crude Yanang gum.


FIELD: weapons and ammunition. SUBSTANCE: method to feed cartridges to a packaging box includes alignment of cartridges with the help of an alignment mechanism, feed of aligned cartridges into grooves of a feed mechanism actuator and feed of a formed cartridge group into a package. The formed cartridge group is fed into seats of the packaging box in cycles, every of which is arranged with the help of reciprocal displacement of a rack actuator with grooves for cartridges, first by axial displacement with serial loading of aligned cartridges from a feeder into its grooves, and then by rotation of the actuator towards a screen that aligns and guides cartridges relative to the longitudinal axis by the angle of 60-95° and transfer of aligned cartridges to seats of one row of the packaging box with subsequent axial return and reverse rotation of the actuator into the initial position and stepped displacement of the packaging box. Stepped displacement of the packaging box and feed of cartridges during each cycle are carried out with the help of a kinematic link of a drive via a ratchet mechanism with a mechanism of stepped feed of boxes, and via cams and a system of levers - with a rack actuator. EFFECT: higher efficiency of a cartridge packaging process. 2 cl, 2 dwg


The successful organizations are those that give major focus and support to the human talent, for which it is important to implement new forms of human management.
In this investigation the theory that is going to be explained is the theory of executive coaching as a new trend that helps improve the performance of the employees in organizations, where the results are reflected in the improvement of the performance, productivity and working environment.
The work is based on the benefits of the executive coaching in the company "La Fabril", an Ecuadorian agro industrial company. "La Fabril" implemented executive coaching five years ago and they consider it as the key tool of their success in the recent years. Therefore, it is worth to implement this new technique in the organizations, in order to have positive results as the company "La Fabril".


The application of flow cytometry and skew-Laplace statistical analysis to assess cellular heterogeneity in Gram-negative axenic cultures is reported. In particular, fit to the log-skew-Laplace distribution for cellular side scatter or 'granulosity' is reported, and a number of theoretical and applied issues are considered in relation to the biological significance of this fit.


A waveform storage and generating system is disclosed in which at least two waveforms are stored. Values of the first waveform are sequentially read out, and smoothing to eliminate step noise is performed. In order to smoothly shift to reading out the second waveform, one or more transitional waveforms are derived which represent amplitude values between the first and second waveforms. The process of reading out the first, transitional, and second waveforms to provide a smooth transition is referred to as cross-fading. Several embodiments, including a microprocessor oriented system are disclosed.


From the authors:

We kindly thank K.T. Nozoe and co-workers for their correspondence regarding our recently published article [1]. They suggested that the observed association of maternal body mass index (BMI) with childhood wheezing might be confounded by maternal sleeping problems during pregnancy. We appreciate this interesting suggestion.

As K.T. Nozoe and co-workers mentioned, asthma is a very common chronic disease amongst children. Given its high prevalence and considerable impact on morbidity and healthcare costs, research focused on early risk factors for asthma is important. Identification of causal risk factors and their mechanisms in pregnancy or early childhood, may lead to the development of new preventive strategies focused on the early phase of life. K.T. Nozoe and co-workers suggested that maternal sleep quality during pregnancy could be an important risk factor for childhood asthma, and that maternal sleep problems might be involved in the pathways underlying the association between maternal obesity and the risk of wheezing in offspring. Because of this possible intermediate effect of sleep in the association between maternal BMI and the risk of wheezing in offspring, sleep problems should …


Analyzing the basic principle of MRPII, the applicability and the limits of MRPII on Internet was studied. Moreover, the process of orders on Internet and business outsourcing are put forward to extend the function of MRPII. This is the beginning of studying the present circumstance effects on the traditional production planning and control pattern, and is useful to study some new ways of enterprise production planning and control.


Ritva Torpan psykologian vaitoskirja Pitch-related auditory skills in children with cochlear implants : the role of auditory working memory, attention and music, Helsingin yliopisto 2015.


Since the first document of the Central Committee in 2015 first proposed the integrated development of rural primary, secondary and tertiary industries, relevant departments of the State Council and local governments at all levels have introduced supportive policies, and the integrated development of rural primary, secondary and tertiary industries has thus entered a rapid development track. This article will clarify the related theories of the integrated development of rural primary, secondary and tertiary industries, analyze the main problems existing in the integrated development of rural industries, and put forward corresponding countermeasures and suggestions for the problems.


The paper presents the method of seabed identification and classification using multibeam sonar echoes. The proposed approach is based on calculation of a set of parameters of an echo envelope. The parameters are extracted for each consecutive beam allowing the estimation of their dependence on the seafloor incident angle, and then the relation between seabed type and calculated echo parameters and its angular dependence is investigated. The paper concerns the experiment which has been carried out in Gdansk Bay in November 2008, and some comparisons of the results with those obtained during previous experiment in September 2007. The results for several bottom types are presented and discussed. It was confirmed that the information extracted from multibeam seafloor sensing data, e.g. "water column" recordings, may be useful in seafloor characterisation.


Several coronaviruses (CoV) are widespread in humans and cause only mild upper respiratory infections and colds; however, pandemic outbreaks of more severe coronavirus infections in humans have become more prevalent. The severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus (betaCoV Lineage B) caused the first pandemic of the 21st century in 2002–2003, with its epicentre in China. The Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) coronavirus (betaCoV Lineage C) emerged almost a decade later and infections continue in the Middle East. Now, only 7 years after MERS, the COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 (betaCoV Lineage B) has emerged, again in China, as an even more devastating pandemic. Its occurrence was not unexpected, because like SARS, for which the host origin was bats, scientists had previously identified SARS-like CoV in these animals in China.1 Based on sequence analysis of the SARS-CoV-2 genome, it is more closely related to SARS (80%) and to one bat RaTG13 SARS-like CoV (96%) than to MERS CoV (54%).2


lactulore (p 40.01;Wilcoxon rank aum test) and less mannitol (pCo.01) than normals or ulcerative colitics. Patients with ileal disease had significantly higher lactulose/mannitolexcretion ratios than normals (pC0.01) or ulcerative colitics (pC0.01). Furthermore the 6 patients with Crohn's diseaae limited to the colon also had significantly higher excretion ratios than normals ( ~ ~ 0 . 0 1 ) or ulcerative colitics (p < 0.01). Crohn's patients absorbed significantly more


23 Amy S. Kennedy, corresponding author, is with the Joint Institute for the Study of Atmosphere and Oceans, University of Washington, 3737 Brooklyn Ave N.E., Seattle, WA 98105, USA and the Marine Mammal Laboratory, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, NOAA, 7600 Sandpoint Way N.E., Seattle, WA 98115 (email: amy. firstname.lastname@example.com). Phillip J. Clapham is with the Marine Mammal Laboratory, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, 7600 Sandpoint Way N.E., Seattle, WA 98115 (email: phillip.clapham@noaa. gov).


Field Trials were conducted at gagavathi in during kharif 2014 with view to reduce cost of transplanting operation of paddy crop. A self propelled four row paddy transplanter (Kubato Model) was used for the transplanting purpose. The performance of the mechanical self propelled paddy transplanter was found quite satisfactory. The field capacity, field efficiency and fuel consumption of the four row self propelled paddy transplanter were 0.1 ha/h, 65% and 10 lit/ha, respectively. The cost of mechanical transplanting was found to be 1500 Rs/ha as compared to Rs 5000 Rs/ha as in case of traditional method of manual transplanting followed by farmers in the region. Crop yield in both manual and mechanical transplanting was found at par with average grain yield. The machine was found to be farmer friendly and feasible in terms of time, money and labour requirement as compared to manual method transplanting of paddy.


Compared with the traditional cloning, cloned animals could be made by more simple equipments and technical operations,and that procedure is handmade cloning( HMC).As model animals,mouse are applied in many fields. In the present study,nuclear donor came from hybrided fetal cell lines; zona pellucida digestion and enucleating happed in droplets of Cytochalasin B( CB) and Pronase and 2% serum M199 hepes buffer( CBMP); 1hour after electric fusion, the reconstructed embryos were set into Ca2 +- free activation medium containing Sr Cl2 and CB( 5 mu g / m L)for the next 6 hours; finally,the embryos were culture to blastocyst stages in a WOW system with culture medium( IVC). The results show that: Firstly,compared with 20μg / m L and 100μg / m L,CBMP with10μg / m L pronase was suitable for operation due to zona pellucid had sufficient time for digestion while enucleating. Secondly,80 v DC, with 40μs endurance time, the fusion rate achieved 60%. Third,chemical activation with10 m M Sr Cl2 significantly increased the blastocyst rate compared with 5m M( 29 ±3% vs 13 ± 3%,P 0. 05). Fourthly,a comparison between CZB and m PZM,there was no significant difference in blastocyst rate( 29 ± 3% vs 24 ± 5%,P 0. 05),but more blastocysts could be obtained when embryos cultured in CZB.After investigate the digestion time,fusion parameters,chemical activation and culture mediums,a novel HMC procedure for cloned embryos of mouse is established for the first time,although the technical optimization and higher efficiency are required further research.


Proof: Let V = {vb v2, v3, v4} be the vertex set of K4. For every pair of sets A, B denote by A&B the set of unordered pairs {u, v}, where u e A and v e B (and where, possibly, {a, v} is a singleton, i.e. w = v). Let H = (L\, LI, L3, L4, L5, Lg) be a list assignment on the edges of K4, where all the lists have size 3. Without loss of generality, assume that L\ and Lj are the lists associated to the edges V\v2 and v3v4, respectively. If there is a pair {a, /?} e L\8LLI that is either a singleton or is NOT a subset of any of the lists Lt, where i > 3, then we claim we can assign aio V\V2, p to v3v4, and extend the colouring to the remaining edges of K4 in such a way that it is an i£-list-colouring. This may be easily seen by considering the graph H that can be obtained from K4 by deleting the edges V\V2 and v3v4 (which is a cycle of length 4, see Figure 1). Indeed consider the list assignment £' = (L3\ U, U, U) on H, where L[ = L,\ {a, /?} for i = 3,4,5,6. By assumption, each list in i£' contains at least 2 elements. By the Lemma, H is 2-edge-choosable and hence H has an ££'-list-colouring. By definition, this colouring can be extended to an ^-list-colouring of G by assigning colour a to V\V2 and colour fi to v3v4. Hence we may assume that every pair {a, ji} e L1&L2 is a doubleton (i.e. the lists L\ and Li are disjoint) and that each of the 9 pairs in Z4&L2 is a subset of at least one of the lists L3, L4, L5, Lf,. But this implies that there is a list L" where 3 < i < 6, which contains at least ^9 / 41 = 3 unordered pairs from L1&L2, which is impossible since L[, Li are disjoint. This contradiction proves the theorem.


This paper proposes a technique to compute an accurate semi-dense disparity map from infrared stereo image pairs obtained using an uncalibrated stereo rig. First, an initial sparse disparity map is obtained using corner matching methods. This map is then refined using our proposed triangular constraints and the epipolar geometrical constraints to yield a more accurate semidense disparity map. Experimental results obtained using the proposed method are reported along with results obtained with a classical correlation based method as well as a more recent method based on graph-cuts. The proposed method yields good results even with low resolution, low texture infrared images. The proposed method is designed to be part of a vision-based occupant sensing system that will help to control airbag deployment in future vehicles.


There is an increasing demand from industry for intelligent reverse engineering solutions. The requirement is to be able to perform reverse engineering, to create CAD models, or to compare prototypes with CAD models. A reverse engineering solution that can be used for 6 degrees of freedom pose measurement in a large area is desired. With this application in mind, we have developed a '3D Probe' solution. The 3D Probe is a portable measurement tool equipped with three receivers in optimum locations and a ball probe tip. The operator holds the 3D Probe in his hand and moves the probe tip over an object surface. Then, the X, Y and Z coordinates of the probe tip are measured in real time with high accuracy. Different probe tips of all sizes and shapes can be used on the probe to have access to all areas of the objects. The buttons on the probe allow the operator to start and stop the scanning process. The indicators on the probe give information concerning visibility and scanning mode. The 3D Probe is specifically designed for intelligent scanning using recently available indoor Global Positioning System (GPS) technology. A battery-operated transmitter uses laser and infrared light to create one-way position information, the relative azimuth and elevation from the transmitter to the receiver. The receiver contains photodiodes and senses the transmitted laser and infrared light signals. With the addition of a second transmitter of known location and orientation, users can calculate the position of the receiver in the base coordinate system. Adding more transmitters increases the accuracy of the system. The signal is transferred through a wireless network connection providing mobility to the operator. This paper describes the indoor GPS metrology system and the 3D Probe designed for reverse engineering and calibration. The concept of the 3D Probe is presented with the description of its design, components, and calibration process. The general concept and kinematics of the metrology system are described. The metrology system is applied to various engineering problems such as reverse engineering of standardized interface connection, actuator metrology, and robot metrology. Experimental results of standardized interface tests are presented along with procedures for actuator and robot metrology.


This study aims to understand and interpret the meaning of local wisdom in traditional literature, especially in the context of ritual discourse of Barong Ider Bumi (Kemiren), Seblang (Olehsari and Bakungan), and Keboan / Kebo-keboan (Aliyan and Alasmalang). Traditional literature is a product as well as cultural reflection from various ethnic groups in Indonesia, including Using, Banyuwangi, East Java. The research method used ethnographic approach, especially the emic perspective, and Geertz's cultural interpretation analysis. The results showed that ritual discourse includes the whole speech within a unity, which involves either ritual texts in the form of ujub , sacred texts in the form of mantras, or narrative texts in the form of discourses spoken by traditional leaders or local officials in ritual processions. Local wisdom in traditional literature shows a variety of positive values some of which serve in daily life as cosmic unity (between profane and sacred domains), harmony of natural ecosystem, and collective safety. These local wisdoms become worldview values for Using people. The sociocultural implications of local wisdom can be used by the local community as a social harmony media that support the local religious system and strengthen the social structure, so that it can be interpreted that ritual discourse becomes an integral part of traditional social institution.


Based on the method and statistical model of the Hydrometeorological Centre of Russia (V. V. Oganesyan) and using data of meteorological observations at more than 1400 stations in Russia, a centralized assessment of potential damage from the main types of severe and adverse weather events is made in monetary terms both throughout Russia and on the territories of individual Regional Offices of the Federal Service for Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring and individual constituent entities of the Russian Federation. To provide comparability of the results for different years, monetary estimates for Russia and its individual territories are reduced to the benchmark price level of 2017. For 2017, the integral estimate of potential damage for Russia is compared with the estimate of damage from severe and adverse weather events as a share of the country's annual GDP. In this case, the difference in the above estimates does not exceed 5.4%. Keywords: potential damage, severe and adverse weather events, statistical model, monetary assessment, macroeconomic estimates, gross domestic product, economic sector


PURPOSE: To realize an overcurrent protective device for inverters which can quickly stop the output of an inverter after an overcurrent is detected and is free from malfunctions with a simple and economical constitution. CONSTITUTION: An abnormality discriminating signal outputted from an overcurrent detection circuit 14 when the input current of an inverter 5 becomes abnormal sets a latch circuit 19 and the set output of the circuit 19 immediately stops the output command of an output turning on/off circuit 20. A control circuit 18 outputs an output stopping signal to the circuit 20 in response to the latching output of the circuit 19 in accordance with a prescribed processing program and, during the period when the output stopping signal is continues, restores the output stopping signal after once resetting the circuit 19. When the circuit 19 is again set during a prescribed period of time after the output stopping signal is restored, the circuit 18 discriminates that circuit abnormality occurs and operates so as to continuously stop the output of the inverter 5. COPYRIGHT: (C)1992,JPO&Japio


What is the basis of the value and pleasure that participants derive from participation in music worlds? Participants often have a great passion for those worlds and for the artists, works, identities and conventions which constitute and populate them. Sociology, however, is not very good at explaining or exploring such passion and commitment. To do this in relation to music requires that we take the pleasures and satisfactions of 'musicking' (i.e. all activities pertaining to music) seriously. This paper calls for an interrogation of the mechanisms and dynamics of music's intrinsic pleasures. We argue that it is necessary to explore the mechanisms involved in the intrinsic pleasures of musicking, and that to do so means analysing the 'internal goods' of music worlds and the role that conventions play in the production of pleasure and commitment.


This article analyzes Eve Ensler's experiences of vulnerability as they are related in her 2013 memoir, In the Body of the World. While the book illustrates "traditional" or etymological vulnerability, resulting from trauma and cancer, it also exemplifies what American philosopher Erinn Gilson calls "epistemic vulnerability," i.e. vulnerability not as weakness but as potential. As both illness and trauma narrative, Ensler's memoir also offers an opportunity to question the dichotomy between disability and trauma studies.


Pythagorean fuzzy set ( PFS ) can provide more flexibility than intuitionistic fuzzy set ( IFS ) for handling uncertain information, and PFS has been increasingly used in multi-attribute decision making problems. This paper proposes a new multi-attribute group decision making method based on Pythagorean uncertain linguistic variable Hamy mean ( PULVHM ) operator and VIKOR method. Firstly, we define operation rules and a new aggregation operator of Pythagorean uncertain linguistic variable ( PULV ) and explore some properties of the operator. Secondly, taking the decision makers ' hesitation degree into account, a new score function is defined, and we further develop a new group decision making approach integrated with VIKOR method. Finally, an investment example is demonstrated to elaborate the validity of the proposed method. Sensibility analysis and comprehensive comparisons with another two methods are performed to show the stability and advantage of our method.


Abstract— The lethal interaction of far ultraviolet (254nm), near ultraviolet (334 and 365nm) and violet visible (405nm) radiation treatment with mild heat treatment was studied. Except at 254nm, a strong positive radiation dose‐dependent interaction (synergism) was always observed. The efficiency of sensitisation to heat, as a function of dose at each wavelength, was found to be directly correlated with the dose necessary to eliminate the shoulder from the survival curve of a repair proficient strain but was apparently unrelated to the relative near‐ultraviolet sensitivities of a repair deficient strain. The interaction was independent of the order of treatments. A radiation dose of 106 Jm‐2 at 365nm slightly sensitised a cell population to 45°C incubation (normally non‐lethal) and strongly sensitised the cells to 48°C treatment (normally 80 percent survival after 2 hours). It is proposed that in addition to DNA damage, both heat treatment and near ultraviolet treatment interfere with DNA recovery mechanisms so that the combination of the two agents inevitably leads to a strong positive interaction.


Hallevi and Maimonides on Design, Chance and Necessity Proceedings of the American Academy for Jewish Research, 11(1941): 105-163 Hallevi and Maimonides on Prophecy The Jewish Quarterly Review, n.s. 32.4 (1942): 345-370, and 33.1 (1942): 49-82 Maimonides and Hailevi: A Study in Typical Jewish Attitudes towards Greek Philosophy in the Middle Ages The Jewish Quarterly Review, n.s. 2.3 (1912): 297-337 The Aristotelian Predicables and Maimonides' Division of Attributes Essays and Studies in Memory of Linda R. Miller (New York, Jewish Theological Seminary of America, 1938), pp. 201-234 Maimonides on Negative Attributes Louis Ginzberg Jubilee Volume (New York: American Academy for Jewish Research, 1945), pp. 411-446 Maimonides and Gersonides on Divine Attributes as Ambiguous Terms Mordecai M. Kaplan Jubilee Volume (New York: The Jewish Theological Seminary of America, 1953), pp. 515-530 Crescas on the Problem of Divine Attributes The Jewish Quarterly Review, n. s. 7.1(1916): 1-44, and 7.2 (1916): 175-221 The Kalam Problem of Nonexistence and Saadia's Second Theory of Creation The Jewish Quarterly Review, n.s. 36.4 (1946): 371-391 Atomism in Saadia The Jewish Quarterly Review, n.s. 37.2 (1946): 107-124 Arabic and Hebrew Terms for Matter and Element with Especial Reference to Saadia The Jewish Quarterly Review, n.s. 38.1 (1947): 47-61 Saadia on the Trinity and Incarnation Studies and Essays in Honor of Abraham A. Neuman (Philadelphia: Dropsie College, 1962), pp. 547-568 Judah Hallevi on Causality and Miracles Meyer Waxman Jubilee Volume (Chicago: College of Jewish Studies Press, and Jerusalem: Mordecai Newman Press, 1966), pp. 137-153 Maimonides on the Unity and Incorporeality of God The Jewish Quarterly Review, 56.2 (October 1965): 112-136 Studies in Crescas Proceedings of the American Academy for Jewish Research, 5 (1934-1935): 155-175 Isaac Ihn Shem-Tob's Unknown Commentaries on the Physics and His Other Unknown Works Studies in Jewish Bibliography and Related Subjects (New York: Alexander Kohut Memorial Foundation, 1929), pp. 279-290 The Problem of the Origin of Matter in Mediaeval Jewish Philosophy and Its Analogy to the Modern Problem of the Origin of Life Proceedings of the International Congress of Philosophy (Philadelphia), 1926, pp. 602-608 St. Thomas on Divine Attributes Melanges offerts a Etienne Gilson (Toronto: Pontifical Institute of Medieval Studies, 1959), pp. 673-700 Answers to Criticisms of My Discussion of Patristic Philosophy Harvard Theological Review, 57.2 (April 1964): 119-131 Answers to Criticisms of My Discussions of the Ineffability of God Harvard Theological Review, 67 (1974), 186-190 Infinite and Privative Judgments in Aristotle, Averroes, and Kant Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, 8.2 (December 1947): 173-187 Goichon's Three Books on Avicenna's Philosophy The Moslem World, 31 (January 1941): 29-38 Synedrion in Greek Jewish Literature and Philo The Jewish Quarterly Review, n.s. 36 (1946): 303-306 Two Comments Regarding the Plurality of Worlds in Jewish Sources The Jewish Quarterly Review, 56.3 (January 1966): 245-247 Colcodea The Jewish Quarterly Review, n.s. 36 (1945): 179-182 Some Guiding Principles in Determining Spinoza's Mediaeval Sources The Jewish Quarterly Review, n.s. 27.4 (1937): 333-348 Spinoza's Mechanism, Attributes, and Panpsychism The Philosophical Review, 46.3 (May 1937): 307-314 Towards an Accurate Understanding of Spinoza The Journal of Philosophy, 23.10 (May 13, 1926): 268-273 Solomon Pappenheim on Time and Space and His Relation to Locke and Kant Jewish Studies in Memory of Israel Abrahams (New York: Press of The Jewish Institute of Religion, 1927), pp. 426-440 Appendix Emanation and Creation Ex Nihilo in Crescas (in Hebrew) Sefer Assaf (Jerusalem: Magnes Press, 1953), pp. 230-236 Testimony of Clement of Alexandria Concerning an Unknown Custom in the Yom Kippur Service in the Temple (in Hebrew) Horeb (New York: Yeshiva University), 3 (1936): 90-92 Index


Chaos was observed in a specific kind of switched stabilized power supply. It emerged from pulse iteration circuit. In the paper conditions for emerging of chaos are presented and bifurcation curves are shown. Pulse stabilized power supplies have been the frequently used kinds of power supplies for many years. Many kinds of curves are used. The specific curve of pulse power supply was worked out by HP in the 1970s. In the mentioned power supply, constant processing frequency is used. This kind of switched stabilized power supply sometimes is called 'synchronized' stabilizer.


The mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) contributes to fibrosis in various tissues, and MR antagonists, like eplerenone, are used to prevent fibrosis. The role of MR antagonists in hepatic fibrosis and cirrhosis is unknown. Here, we investigated the role of MRs and eplerenone in cirrhosis development.


This study investigated the effects of temperament on visual attention to emotional faces. In order to examine this research question, a sample of 48 children ages 3to 9-years-old viewed faces depicting angry, fearful, happy, or neutral emotions on an eye-tracking computer. This visual attention data was combined with a parent-reported measure of temperament in order to determine correlations between the two. Results showed no statistically significant correlations between temperament and looking behavior, despite these correlations being significant when the same tasks were administered to adults. Overall, these results suggest that the participants did not display temperament effects in visual attention of emotional faces, thus implying that this pattern may emerge beyond middle childhood. Temperament and Visual Attention 3 Temperament and its Effects on How Children View Emotional Faces The effect of personality on how individuals view the world is an area that has been studied extensively in the psychological literature. Across the field, personality is characterized as an aspect of several pathways through which human behavior is modified, resulting in individual differences (Eysenck, 1970; McCrae & Costa 2003). The argument to the converse is that behavior varies not wholly due to personality, but in relation to situational factors surrounding the individual at the time that the behavior is displayed (Mischel 1977; Vernon 1964). It is important, therefore, to investigate the nature ofthe context/personality relationship on the social behaviors of humans (Mischel 2004; Mischel, Shoda, & Mendoza-Denton 2002). My intention was to extend current knowledge concerning personality as a moderator for social perception, in order to apply this knowledge to children. One explanation of the interaction between context and personality, the TraitCongruency Theory, states that the information one seeks out is the information which best fits the traits represented within one's personality (Bargh, Lombardi, & Higgins 1988; King & Sorrentino 1988). In support of this position, Segerstrom (2001) found that those participants higher in the optimism trait were more likely to give greater attention to positive words, whereas the converse was true for those lower in optimism. A similar effect was reported by Isaacowitz (2006), who found that participants higher in optimism were more likely than participants who were high in pessimism to avert their gaze from unpleasant images. These studies suggest that personality traits are correlated with how humans direct their attention. Moreover, the correlation tends to move towards stimuli which provide confirmatory evidence for their traits, and away from those which could lead to disconfirmation. Temperament and Visual Attention 4 Another, more biological, aspect of personality is one's temperament. While temperament is thought to be largely innate, some environmental factors have been shown to playa role in its development (Thomas & Chess, 1977). The academic discussion of this construct is, for the most part, concentrated on the stable elements of personality which effect social behavior (Kagan, 1994; Rothbart, Ahadi, Hershey, & Fisher, 2001). The personality trait of neuroticism is often referred to as negative affectivity in the temperament literature, and is highly correlated with anxiety and depression. Making an extension from Segerstrom's 2001 finding, one might expect that those high in neuroticism or negative affectivity will pay more attention to emotionally negative information than would people lower in neuroticism. Although this finding by Segerstrom has not been verified in any exact replications, a conceptual replication has recently been completed (Perlman, Morris, Vander Wyk, Green, Doyle, & Pelphrey, 2009). In this study, adult participants were presented with life-size images of emotional faces and were allowed to view them freely on an eye-tracking computer. Those participants who ranked higher in the trait of neuroticism spent a greater percentage of time looking at the eyes of the face than did those who ranked lower in neuroticism. This effect was particularly evident when the emotion of the presented stimulus was that of fear. A follow-up study (Perlman & Pelphrey, in press) in adults showed a similar pattern of data. In this study, an array of various objects, including emotional faces, covered the screen of the eye-tracking computer. This array of objects was meant to more realistically represent how persons view the world as a mixture of objects and people spread throughout our visual field. Participants classified as having high neuroticism spent a greater proportion of time looking at the faces on the screen than did those with low neuroticism. In fact, the high neuroticism participants spent Temperament and Visual Attention 5 very little time viewing objects in the array other than the face. As in the previous study, this result was particularly powerful within the condition presenting the fear emotion. Though this effect has been shown in past studies, it is necessary to extend the finding to children. Because of the biological, innate nature of temperament, any effects that one's temperament has on his or her perception are likely to exist starting in early childhood. This study seeks to examine the development ofthis phenomenon from early childhood through preadolescence. Drawing from the results of previous studies, the hypotheses of the current study were twofold. First, it was hypothesized that children with higher scores on neuroticismpredictive scales would exhibit longer fixation durations towards the eye region of emotional faces. Second, when given the option to look at either a face or any number of other objects in the visual field, children with higher scores on neuroticism-predictive scales were predicted to fixate on faces longer than children with lower scores on these scales. Methods Participants Participants in this research study were 48 children (20 girls, 28 boys) recruited from both The Children's School research preschool and through an internet advertisement. There were 24 younger children (MMonthsYoung = 43.83, SDMonthsYoung = 4.74) and 24 older children (MMonthsOld = 71.92, SDMonthsOld = 18.76). Grouping according to relative age was determined by a median split, with the young group ranging from 35 to 54 months and the older children falling in an age range of 54 to 119 months. The participants were randomly assigned into one of two orders of presentation of stimuli, and viewed each of 80 slides on the eye-tracking computer. Three participants viewed only 40 of the 80 slides, refusing to continue the study after the first block of 40 pictures. Materials Temperament and Visual Attention 6 Materials for this study included 80 slides depicting either a life-sized face, or an array of 25 objects which included a small picture of a face (for examples of each type, see Appendix A and B respectively). Each life-sized face was 9 x 11.5 inches in size, and each array of objects filled the entire 17 inch LCD screen, with the individual objects and faces being approximately 3 inches square. Objects in the arrays were common, everyday objects such as umbrellas, shoes, and cars. Arrays each included a face expressing emotions such as anger, fear, and happiness, appearing in a different area of the screen each time a new array was presented. Each photographic slide was presented for 4 seconds, with a crosshair displayed for 1 second between the photographs. Slides were arranged in a pseudo-random order and then separated into two blocks. Eye tracking was completed using a 50 Hz infrared eye-tracking computer (T60, Tobii Technology). Looking behavior was characterized by calculating duration of fixation in specified areas of interest (AOIs). In the object arrays, these AOIs indicated the emotional face within the array and took up precisely 5.25% ofthe screen on all array trials. In the solitary face slides, AOIs were drawn for each of four regions: Eyes, Nose, Mouth, and Face. The duration oftime spent fixated on any given AOI was calculated independently, and then collapsed across emotions. Analyses were conducted in reference to the proportion of time spent looking at the AOI, compared to the total amount of time spent looking at the screen. This measure was taken in order to control for individual differences in total looking time caused by blinking or distraction from the stimuli. Temperament was measured by using the Children's Behavior Questionnaire Short Form (Rothbart 1996). This survey takes inventory of children's behavior patterns as described in several statements which parents rate on a scale from 1 (extremely untrue of your child) to 7 Temperament and Visual Attention 7 (extremely true of your child). These items are aggregated into several sub scale scores (i.e. Activity Level, Fear, Inhibitory Control). Parents completed the survey either at home prior to the child's participation (Children's School pool), or in the lab while their child was taking part in the eye-tracking portion of the study (other participants). Design This study investigated the effect of temperament on attention to emotional faces in children using a 2 (neuroticism) x 2 (age) between-subjects design. The neuroticism factor was defined using two levels high neuroticism and low neuroticism, as defined by a median split. The age factor had 2 levels, with participants grouped, via a median split, into categories of either younger child or older child. This study was conducted with all 80 slides arranged in two blocks and then presented in one of two orders, counterbalanced between subjects. Procedure Participants were tested by the experimenter using an eye-tracking computer. Participants were told that they would be "looking at some pictures," and to simply "look at them like you normally would." Participants were shown two blocks of slides, each contain


This study proposes a novel non-unit line protection for modular multilevel converter-based (MMC) multi-terminal high-voltage direct current (MTDC) grids. On the basis of the symmetrical component analysis, the initial values of positive-sequence voltage travelling waves (PSVTWs) generated by the fault are first investigated. Then, according to the TW theory and the inherent composition of the primary equipment of MMC-MTDC grids, the initial values of PSVTWs on both sides of the series inductor are obtained in Laplace domain. Moreover, a fast fault line protection based on the positive-sequence voltage on the series inductor at the line terminal is proposed. Besides, the method of the protection threshold determination is elaborated and is independent of simulation. Finally, extensive simulation studies are carried out in a four-terminal MMC-MTDC grid. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed line protection method.


The metagenomic approach, defined as the direct recovery and cloning of bacterial DNA from the environment in domesticated bacterial hosts has been widely used to study bacterial populations and their functional genes in numerous environments. The advantage of this approach over conventional culture based techniques is that it encompasses a wider range of bacteria by bypassing the bias of uncultivability of more than 99% of the bacteria in soil. However, in complex and rich environments such as soils, the huge level of bacterial diversity requires construction, handling and screening of several million clones in order to cover a significant proportion of bacterial genes in the indigenous community. These methods are time and money consuming, and require access to specialized robots that are unavailable to most microbial ecology laboratories. Our objectives were to develop an alternative metagenomic approach in which only bacterial recombinant clones harbouring inserts with sequence based selected genes could develop on growth media. This positive screening technology, called "Genefish" is based on homeologous recombination to extract specific genes from the metagenome into the specifically engineered recipient E. coli strain. The key characteristic of this approach is the use of two inducible lethal genes to kill non recombinant bacteria. We will present molecular details of this "Genefish" recipient E. coli strain and our first results of its in vitro and in situ use to extract denitrification related genes from the soil metagenome.


: The vision of a profitable enterprise is realized by combining the financial performance with a series of non-financial performance criteria, among which the most popular ones are the use of non-financial indicators, environmental policy, organizational culture, employee motivation, etc.. Performance means satisfying the existing customers, in order to keep them, to obtain a better quality of the goods and services made, to gain new customers. The ultimate goal of financial and non-financial motivations is to obtain the performance, increase the profit of the company, optimize the business. A good cost-benefit ratio clearly results in performance.


s will present a 4-6 page paper at the conference. The full paper will be published in the conference proceedings. ONLINE REGISTRATION! Visit www.comsol.com/femlab2005 for registration and conference news. Preliminary list of minicourses: THE PREMIER FORUM FOR MULTIPHYSICS MODELING


It is a well-known conjecture, sometimes attributed to Frankl, that for any family of sets which is closed under the union operation, there is some element which is contained in at least half of the sets. Gilmer [1] was the first to prove a constant bound, showing that there is some element contained in at least 1% of the sets. They state in their paper that the best possible bound achievable by the same method is 3 −√ 5 2 ≈ 38 . 1%. This note achieves that bound by finding the optimum value, given a binary variable X potentially depending on some other variable S with a given expected value E ( X ) and conditional entropy H ( X | S ) of the conditional entropy of H ( X 1 ∪ X 2 | S 1 , S 2 ) for independent readings X 1 , S 1 and X 2 , S 2 .


Abstract: Waste proliferation has increasingly become a serious concern of municipal authorities in recent times, especially for developing countries and municipalities. This paper presents the composition of municipal solid wastes generated in the Yenagoa metropolis and dumped in the Yenagoa Central waste dumpsite, Bayelsa State Nigeria. The character of the municipal solid waste was determined in terms of the composition of individual waste in the waste stream using average mass (kg) and percentage composition by mass of the various components using electronic weighing balance. It was found that 53.125% of the solid waste generated in the study area was made up of organic waste. Out of this percentage, food waste was the most abundant with 32.38% by mass. Vegetable waste recorded 5.8% composition by mass. Paper and Textile recorded 6.5% and 6.38% respectively. Wood waste had 2.13% composition by mass. While the percentage of inorganic waste within the waste stream was 46.875% in the following order, Plastic and nylon bags recorded 20.38% by mass of the total waste stream. Bottles, leathers, ceramics and construction wastes recorded 8%, 1.38%, 1.13% and 5.63% respectively. Electronic waste recorded 6.75% composition by mass. Metals, Cans and Battery wastes recorded 0.75%, 2% and 0.25% respectively. Finally, medical waste recorded 0.63% composition by mass. It is recommended that adequate financial provision, proper waste legislation, training and re-training of staff and full community participation in waste management should be encourage. Formal composting and recycling facilities should also be setup to enhance adequate management of waste. Keywords: Municipal Solid Waste, Characterization, Proliferation, Composition.


Abstract Experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of exercise, housing practices and calcium source on the bone strength of laying hens. Dolomitic limestone was found to be inferior to calcium carbonate as a calcium source as indicated by weaker tibia strength when fed in equal or ⅓ higher amounts. Possibly the poorer availability of calcium was the cause of weaker tibias. Floor birds were found to have higher tibia breaking strengths and less broken bones compared to caged birds. Greatest differences were noticed in the number of broken wings, suggesting lack of exercise in cages as being a factor in bone weakness. Further studies involving daily exercise of caged birds in a treadmill resulted in higher humerus strength supported this conclusion. Floor birds had significantly higher (P A device for exercising experimental birds is described.


Aiming at the poor adjustment and high operating temperature of inorganic semiconductor sensor,a research of new matallophthalocyanine organic semiconductor gas-sensing materials was carried out.The senisng materials were characterized,and the result was consistent with chemistry configuration and calculational reslut.Plane fork electrode was prepared by using micro-electronic technology,and sensitive membranes were formed on fork electrode by means of spin-coating technology.The thin films were characterized by IR and AFM,and the AFM image showed that the surface of the thin film was uniform,smooth and compact.The gas sensing properties of spin-coated films are determined to NO2 by static state method,and the result showed that PbPc(iso-PeO)8 with 6.5 mg·mL-1 had better gas sensitivity and response-recovery characteristic than CuPc(iso-PeO)8 and NiPc(iso-PeO)8.


The Large Area Processing for thinfilm substrates can be used to reduce the cost per layer per area significantly. Various process setups exist to achieve this goal, and they differ in terms of process tolerances and cost. As different process tolerances result in different performance tolerance bands of the produced structures, customers may want to chose the right process to obtain sufficient quality. This paper presents the cross links between the two aspects quality and cost. Taking two process setups with different interconnect metalization width and dielectric thickness uniformity tolerances, we demonstrate the impact on integrated RF elements as microstrips, inductors, and antennas. Our findings show that it is suitable to offer customers two alternative types of processes: a tighter-tolerance process for high-performance RF applications, and a lower-cost process for less demanding products.


In most mammals, providing paternal care is not automatic. In house mice, experience with pups governs the extent and quality of paternal care. First-time fathers undergo a dramatic transition from ignoring or killing pups to caring for pups. The behavioural shift occurs together with changes in brain estrogen signalling as indicated by changes in estrogen receptor presence and distribution in multiple areas regulating olfaction, emotion, and motivation. Here, we report estrogen dynamics by altered local estrogen synthesis via changes in aromatase, a key enzyme catalysing the conversion of testosterone to estrogen. The amount of paternal experience (5 or 27 days) was associated with increased numbers of immunocytochemically-identified aromatase expressing cells in the medial and cortical amygdala, piriform cortex, and ventromedial hypothalamus. In the lateral septum, and to some extent in the medial preoptic area, parental experience increased aromatase only in fathers with 27 days of experience, and only in the right brain hemisphere, a new case of brain-functional lateralisation with experience. Nuclei/areas associated with maternal care (medial preoptic area, bed nucleus of stria terminalis, nucleus accumbens) exhibited a left-hemisphere advantage in aromatase expressing cells. This newly found lateralisation may contribute to the left-hemisphere dominant processing and perception of pup calls to release parental behaviour.


The article discusses the technological and operational characteristics of a fiber-optic sensor of molecular hydrogen concentration based on the Fabry–Perot interferometer. The possibility of registering the hydrogen concentration by deformation of a membrane with an Al2O3/Ta/SiO2 layer deposited on its outside surface is shown. The deposited α-tantalum film provides high diffusion of hydrogen, and allows you to create sensors with a fast response to hydrogen, less than 10s. The almost complete absence of cross-sensitivity of the sensor to temperature in the range from 20 °C to 80 °C at a hydrogen pressure of 1 atm.


The primary goal of this working group is to study the disappearance rate of νμ charged current events in order to measure the mixing angle θ23 and the magnitude of the neutrino mass square splitting Δm 232.


e11509 Background: By applying short electric pulses to cells, the cell membranes can become permeabilised. This can be used to augment the effect of chemotherapy, by providing direct access to the...


THE STRATEGIC SUMMIT on the Computing Education Challenges for Community Colleges was a tremendous success— beyond expectations! The ACM Two-Year College Education Committee (TYCEC) received an Advanced Technological Education (ATE) award from the National Science Foundation to conduct this signifi cant endeavor. The Strategic Summit assembled from across the nation a diverse group of professionals from two-year colleges, four-year colleges, high schools, industry, and government. During 28-30 April 2010, thirty-one experts gathered in Philadelphia and engaged in focused discussions addressing just one question:


Previous definitions of peer-assisted learning portray the peer-teacher as a non-expert in teaching content and delivery. In this paper, we reflect on a near-peer initiative at our medical school which seems to depart from this definition. This initiative involves intercalating medical education students in the delivery of foundational sessions on professionalism for first year students for a full year, with individual supervision and support from an experienced teacher and extended medical education study. Reflections from a range of people involved are brought together to begin to understand the supportive features and challenges of near-peer teaching in our context and to identify areas for future research. These reflections highlight the potential for differences and contradictions in the ways that teachers and learners are understood within peer-assisted learning initiatives, and emphasize the need to consider the teaching context in peer-assisted learning scholarship.


Time matters means "issues about time": philosophers – Bergson (1896) and Husserl (1928) among the most appreciated – delved into our relation with past and future, thus with memory and semantics. That is one of my concerns in this paper, framing time in epistemology, developing ideas I approached from different perspectives in the last ten years. That remark implies time matters means also "time is important" for life: our cognitive perceptions are central in analyzing our relation with time – neuroscientists like Eagleman (2009) reckon it – and perceptions play a key role (even) in analyzing our scientific understanding of time. The cognitive relevance of experience is another concern of this paper, suggesting how theories rely on experience, as Rovelli (2017: 29-31) noted, bounding perception of one-way direction of time to entropy, and bounding entropy to cognitive perceptions (a vicious circle). Last, but not least, time matters means "substance or mass defines time": Bergson (1896) stated a seminal idea on that topic, and physicists – from Minkowski (1909) to Feynman (1949a) to Rovelli (2017) – keep delving into chronotope paradoxes, but paradoxes keep rising in theoretical physics. That is the third concern of this paper, for I (re)frame (fig. 3) the one-way direction of time – just like Fantappié (1944) suggested to do – on the basis of the seminal idea of Bohm (1980), for events could be thought of as portions of a complex unified field – a lattice, in simplified geometric terms, for the sake of representation (fig. 7). I capture those ideas in an informal way, but saving the essential references, diagrams and mathematics. Physicists could refuse that approach (for they tend to prefer formal rigor and they are well acquainted with spacetime basics), but please try to save the few original propositions from this paper. What we commonly think about time (just like about anything else) relies both on the structure of our culture (Sperber 1996 stated seminal concepts on that topic) and on the structure of our own mind: both culture and mind rely both on material structures (people, books, brains, etc.) and on abstract structures (ideas, associations between ideas, etc.). That meaning a circular relation keeps linking matter (order) and "meta-matter" (disorder), wich I try to frame in the terms or our relation with (what we think about) time. Time Matters O.D. Rossi © 2021 2


"Cloud computing" is recent buzzword in IT world. The future of computing in technical as well social perspective is shown by the phrase. Cloud computing based on the concept of centralizing computation and storage in distributed data centers maintained by third party. This application is much more than simple internet. The main purpose of cloud computing is to provide IT as a service on demand with feature of greater flexibility, scalability, availability, reliability to the cloud users at low cost. Through this user can access the resources they actually reside at the location other than user's own computer or other Internet connection devices. Cloud computing is a popular computer term which has different interpretations. In computer science by 'cloud' is understood a network of computing devices which work together to provide services. More specifically, in web hosting cloud computing means that all web hosting services (web, ftp, mail, etc) run on many different servers ensuring that a failure in one device will not cause a service failure. In this paper we will discuss about various forms ,cloud services and security risks of cloud computing.


The results of preliminary observations are carried out showed that the teachers are still not quite right in applying the methods of teaching and engage students in learning about. Exhaustiveness classical value only reached 39% by Minimum Criteria for Completeness is 70. The purpose of this research are: (1) improve the skills of classroom teachers SDN Pakintelan 03 in implementing the learning of mathematics, (2) increasing the activity of class V students of SDN 03 Pakintelan in implementing the learning of mathematics; improve student learning outcomes SDN Pakintelan 03 class V in the material eye math. The research was conducted in 03 road SDN Pakintelan Langkir, Pakintelan Village, District Gunungpati. The subject of this study were teachers and students of class V were 36 students. Variable of this study were (1) the skills of teachers, (2) student activity, and (3) student learning outcomes. Data collection techniques used were observation, test documentation, and records of activities. The results showed melelui KAS method can improve the teaching skills of teachers, student activities, and student learning outcomes. Percentage increase from the thoroughness student learning cycle by 76% I, II cycles by 89%. By looking at the data above it is advisable KAS method can be used by teachers in implementing the learning. The conclusions of this study is the KAS method can improve the skills of teachers; KAS methods can improve student learning activities; KAS methods can improve student learning outcomes. Therefore, it is recommended that teachers should be able to use traditional methods to improve teaching skills KAS, activities, and student learning outcomes. Key words : Quality of Learning, Methods KAS, Skills Teacher, Student Activities, Student Results.


e12026 Background: Adjuvant HT in Hormone Receptors (HR) + BC increases overall survival (OS). Adherence to therapy is a complex and multifaceted issue that can alter outcomes; however, not much of it is known abouth this in routine clinical practice. Methods: This was a retrospective study that enrolled patients treated with HT because of HR+ BC (stages I-III) at the BC unit in the 2002-2012 period. Methods: The proportion remaining on endocrine therapy was analysed by Kaplan-Meier curve. Univariate analysis (log rank test) was used to identify the factors that might independently impact on such discontinuation. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Hospital de Clínicas. Results: 139 (73.1%) of the 190 patients enrolled were postmenopausal; their median age being 61 years. Most patients were single or divorced or widowed (121, 63.7%) and resided in the capital (125, 65.7%). Most tumors (166, 87.3%) were ductal carcinomas and most presented at a low histological grade: HG 2-3: 112 (58.9%). The distribution by stage was: SI: 63 (33.1%); SII: 82 (43.1%); SIII 39 (20.5%); S0 6 (3.1%). At the end of their first, second, third, fourth and fifth years of treatment; 95.3%, 87.9%, 80.6%, 76.4% and 69.5% of the patients still adhered, respectively. Adherence was not associated with either age (p = 0.687), menopausal status (p = 0.449), marital status (p = 0.221), origin (p = 0.5640), or stage (p = 0.168). The patients who received combined HT (tamoxifen followed by AI) adhered better than those who received one drug alone (p = 0.017). Conclusions: we assessed the adherence to HT in real life and found that it was reduced by 30.5% in 5 years, despite patients were well informed about the well-known benefit in terms of OS, of being a well-tolerated treatment and of being provided for free. These results are similar to or even better than those reported in several international studies. Further investigation is needed to understand why patients interrupt HT. We need to work harder to increase compliance, given the potential impact this may have on the patients' OS.


Language is the realistic and sensitive basis for any communication between two or more parties. It is an important workshop that prepares meanings and coding them according to a linguistic structure governed by agreed rules that speak to and coexist with everyone.

Whereas the forms of communication are: personal, mediator and mass, none of them can move away from language in their dealings and communication patterns. Since each has its own characteristics and skills, it must be launched in its fields through verbal and non-verbal symbols and wears the elements of influential language as intended.

It makes the recipient face two things: whether he fails to understand those symbols hence its purpose fail, or he meditates simply and lively, so that it corresponds to what the communicator wants.

Language is a social activity, its speech is made up of the fabric of the environment in which she operates, and mass communication is at the center of that activity. It is a social unit that transmits ideas and knowledge between communities. Technological advances have provided it with that transfer and it also benefits in this field the language of discourse to use multiple skills and renewable and presentation methods in which the format is proportional to the content to achieve the goals and functions of mass communication. This research illustrates that use.


Rhus typhina is a kind of indigenous species to North America, it has been accommodated in many mountain areas in north China because of this species can display luxuriant growth in different habitat even in unfertile soils. In this study, we observed the morphology and ultra structure of secondary phloem and resin canal. We focus on the detailed observation of the microstructure and ultrastructure of the secondary phloem and resin canal, and to figure out the characteristics on the structure and the secretory process of epithelial cells. Our results showed that the structure of the secondary phloem exhibits the characteristics of typical temperate trees. And the mature resin canal of Rhus typhina comprised epithelial cells delimiting a long, round lumen, where secretions accumulate in the lumen. In the active epithelial cell, Golgi apparatus shaped secretory granules with monofilm, then move to attach on the plasma membrane and fused with the internal flocculent material of secretory granule was then released to the lumen side of periplasmic space, and finally, the excretion spread to the lumen and formed the secretions. This study shows the details of information on the structure of the Rhus typhina secondary phloem and epithelial cells, and the secretion process.


A dynamic programing solution procedure is developed for a class of reliability-constrained reservoir control problems associated with constraints defined over the entire life of the reservoir. Certain methodological issues involved in the modeling, analysis, and solution of reservoir control problems are raised, and it is shown how the proposed model can be used to evaluate heuristic release strategies. A simple numerical example is presented.


Actinomycetes are indispensable in the search for novel, potent and eco friendly fertilizers. The aim of this study was to investigate the ability of  Janibacter sp. RC18 to enhance tomato plant growth. Janibacter sp. RC18 isolated from turmeric rhizosphere was screened for in vitro and in vivo plant  growth promoting traits. The in vitro plant growth promotion traits exhibited by the strain were phosphate solubilization and ammonia production. The  strain RC18 inoculated tomato plant recorded significant (P< 0.05) increase in plant height (45.67cm ± 1.5), number of leaves (69.67 ± 3.5), weight (19.40 g  ± 0.53), and high soil phosphate solubilizing bacterial count (7.2x105 CFU/g) compared to the uninoculated control. High endogenous plant nutrient  content N, P, K, (4.4%, 0.8 % and 1.1%) was also obtained with inoculation of Janibacter. Significant (p< 0.01) positive correlation was recorded with  endogenous plant nutrient content and all the plant growth parameters except with the number of flowers. Findings from this study indicate that  Janibacter sp RC18 is a good candidate for bio-inoculant formulation .


Carbon dioxide injection is the most used enhanced oil recovery (EOR) method and the benefit, besides additional oil recovery, which lies in the fact that in this process carbon dioxide retention in the reservoir occurs. Depleted reservoirs are more promising candidates for the carbon dioxide storage than aquifers and other geological formations since they are well characterized i.e., the reservoir properties are more certain because of the data gathering and reservoir model improvement during production lifetime. Since the hydrocarbon reservoirs retained fluids through geological time scale, they can be considered as proven traps that can retain fluids for a long time. Possibilities for CO2 storage (CCS) and usage for EOR (carbon utilization and storage, CUS) have been extensively evaluated, but comparison of economic parameters is hard to perform. This paper presents the impact of key parameters on hydrocarbon production and stored carbon dioxide. The threshold values for operating costs, capital investments, and discount rate were tested by ESCOM application, enabling the evaluation of different reservoir sizes and conditions in the reservoir for CCS and CUS.