This paper presents experimental results for a pulsed electrothermal (PET) thruster using water propellant. The PET thruster produces several hundred atmospheres pressure in a capillary-confined discharge, coupled to a supersonic, equilibrium flow nozzle. The thruster head has a ceramic capillary insulator and tungsten alloy electrodes, with water propellant injected axially from a central orifice. The thruster is repetitively driven at 2-10 pps by a capacitive pulse-forming network (PFN), with a discharge power of 3-6 MW and an average power of 80-630 W. The measured thrust-to-power ratio is T/P = 0.07 ±0.01 N/kW. Discharge conditions are inferred from a numerical model that predicts pressure and temperature levels of 300-500 atm and 20,000 K, respectively. The estimated exhaust velocity, with a test tank background pressure of 10-20 Torr, is 14 km/s, corresponding to a thrust efficiency of 54 ±7%.


Some rather bold challenges are hurled at conventional interpretations of revolutionary France. We are informed that it is quite inaccurate to think of the ideological confiict of the 1790's in France as a cordtict of generations: the champions of counter-revolution were as youthful as their revolutionary adversaries. Danton's advocacy of "natural frontiers" is seen as a design to restrain, not encourage, xpansionist tendencies. And the decentralization f France after 1789 is analysed as facfiitating the growth of a new consciousness of French national unity because it helped to extinguish provincial separatism. The Rev. J. McManners urges us to abandon the conventional division of historians into' "Plot" and "Circumstances" chools and to consider evaluating them rather according to their difference of view on the use of violence and its legitimacy.


In spite of the fact that cowpea (#Vigna unguiculata# (L.) Walp.) is one of the most drought-tolerant crops, its production in dry Sahel environment is affected by very intense water deficit that usually occur in the course its growth cycle. The objective of this work was to compare with the help of agromophorlogical criteria, the degree of sensitivity to water deficit of the early maturing, erect cowpea varieties and the late maturing, semi-erected or crawling varieties. The effect of severe water deficit applied at the vegetative phase until the beginning of floral initiation was studied during the dry season in 1999 at Bambey (Senegal). The agronomical observations were focused on the soil water status, the dynamism of vegetative development and root growth, yield and yield components. The sensitivity of the varieties to water stress were assessed by water stress index (ls) and water use efficiency (WUE) for the pods, grains and the total biomass productions, respectively. The results obtained showed that the early maturing, erect varieties were more sensitivity to drought than the other varieties. This sensitivity was deduced from very high Is for the grains (0.61), the pods (0.54) and a lower WUE for grain production (3.27 kg ha-1 mm-1) under water stress as against 6.41 kg ha-1 mm-1 under optimal water conditions. It was observed that under water deficit at pre-floral phase at the three varieties, an increase in the mean grain weight correlated with the reduction in grain number per m2. At the plant population level, the results obtained could serve in the definition of drought tolerance criteria relevant to varietal selection. (Texte integral)


Books only are included. Those marked * are in the Library of the Society of Antiquaries. Archaeology, General. 'Ancient Monuments of Great Britain. List of Monuments prepared by the Commissioners of Works (to 31st December 1935). 9J x 6. Pp. 89. London: Stationery Office, Adastral House, Kingsway, 1936. is. %d. "Illustrated Regional Guides to Ancient Monuments under the ownership and guardianship of His Majesty's Office of Works. Volume II. Southern England. By the Rt. Hon. W. Ormsby Gore, F.S.A., M.P., First Commissioner of Works. 7 x 4!. Pp. 86. London: Stationery Office, Adastral House, Kingsway, 1936. is. •University of Oxford. Ashmolean Museum. Report of the Visitors, 1935. 8J x 5§. Pp. 32. Oxford : printed at the University Press. •London County Council. Guide to the Collections in the Horniman Museum and Library. 4thedition. 7 \ x 4f. Pp.128. London: County Council, 1936. %d. *The Dawn of Science. By Rainbird Clarke. 9J x 7. Not paged. Reprint, The Scientific Worker, March 1936. •Victoria and Albert Museum. Review of the principal acquisitions during the year 9359l x 7iPp.xvi + 79. London: Victoria and Albert Museum, 1936. zs. 6d. •I Monumenti Italiani rilievi raccolti a cura della Reale Accademia d'ltalia. Fascicolo i. Dieci battisteri Lombardi, minori, dal Secolo v al Secolo xii. Testo e rilievi di Ferdinando Reggiori. 19JX13J. Pp. iv + 22 plates. Rome: La Libreria dello Stato, 1935.


In present work, activated carbons were prepared from saw dust of Dalbergia sissoo, Cedrus deodara and Eucalyptus spp., using H3PO4, H2SO4 and BaCl2 as activating agents. The activated carbons were evaluated for reduction in color and chemical oxygen demand (COD) of a real paper industry effluents using batch-mode method to explore the effect of operating parameters (contact time, amount of activated carbon, wastewater concentration, solution pH etc). Statistical analysis revealed that all the activated carbons were significantly different in their efficacy for wastewater treatment. Cedrus deodara based activated carbon was most efficient; showed 93% COD reduction with 100% color removal and brought other physico-chemical parameters of wastewater within the permissible limits of WHO and NEQS. The maximum percent reduction of COD and color with Dalbergia sissoo activated carbon was 80% and 91%, respectively while with Eucalyptus spp., activated carbon; it was 74% and 85%, respectively. The effectiveness of activated carbon synthesized from sawdust of different plants for wastewater treatment was in the following order: Cedrus deodara > Dalbergia sissoo > Eucalyptus spp. The quality of wastewaters after treatment was found to be appropriate for direct discharge into streams and irrigation purpose. This study proved highly successful in addressing the local problem of paper industry effluents using locally available wood processing byproducts.


In 21 st century competition has also touched the hospitality industry across the globe and so in India. With change in the expectations and demands of customer base, hospitality industry also requires sound knowledge in accordance with the changes in customer preferences. Hospitality industry including hotels requires sufficient knowledge about the internal functioning and knowledge of key process for achieving high level of competency to combat ever increasing global competition in wake of rapid and dynamic change in the environment. Therefore, knowledge management in hospitality industry is required not only for value creation but also for reducing risk of failure and providing satisfactory customer experience. This paper tries to explore the key aspects for adopting knowledge management practices successfully in the hospitality industry.


Previous research has proved the existence of a causal relationship between the concentration of jobs in a city and the income of inhabitants. Other researchers have studied the close and nearly causal relationship between those variables and the infrastructure such as highways in different zones of a city. Nevertheless, no one study has taken into account the degree to which each area of a city benefits from the latest improvements to public transport. The aim of this research is to analyse the relationship between the size of the labour market, the income and the employment concentration with respect to improvements to public transport (Transmilenio) in Bogota. The degree of enhancement of public transport in a zone is suspected to be endogenous. Through the use of OLS estimations and then 2SLS, the validation of endogeneity provides sufficient tools to infer causality of improvement of public transport. The size of companies, defined by the number of jobs they offer, plays the role of instrumental variable. In essence, the number of jobs, the size of the labour market and income are largely defined by the level of improvement to urban public transport in each zone of the city but the causality relationship changes depending on the size of companies established in each zone. In the case of Bogota, public transport improvements seams to have a causality relationship with the income of inhabitants in each zone and the number of jobs, and this changes with respect to the size of enterprises. In contrast, the size of the labour market, defined as the number of jobs reachable in a specific time, is not determined by the degree of the presence of public transport enhancement.


In solvent extraction process of rare earth,undervoltage and opvervoltage exist frequently in feed pipe.Base on valve control flow,by head flow characteristic curve,the relationship between the flow of feedstock system and pipe pressure was analyzed.Make simulation to the pressure of feedstock by Fuzzy PID parameter self-setting control,pressure change was stable and quickly.


This paper explores the changing role and place of handicrafts in contemporary rural development processes. Building on fieldwork conducted in four settlements in northern Thailand and Vietnam, we discuss how a traditional sector is being reshaped under the forces of globalisation and what this means for the character of rural livelihoods. This empirical analysis permits us to reflect on wider areas of debate within development and economic geography. By examining the spatialities of production, we explore how the 'place' of handicrafts in the settlements is being reshaped. We show how, although handicraft production retains an image of being part of a traditional sector built around local skills and inputs, in reality the activities have become deterritorialised and are increasingly spatially dispersed. Nonetheless, handicraft production remains economically and socially embedded and is helping to sustain village economies both in situ and in distant locations.


In the CBA into the professional of today,there is big news for a majority of fans,NBA star Kobe is going to sign a contract with Shanxi Hongyu team and play in CBA.When the fans are still talking about the authenticity of this message,the Basketball Association meeting in Shenzhen has issued a new policy limited Kobe to the possibility of CBA.The meeting decided that the recruitment of NBA players in the new seasonmust be free player with no contract.This also means thatKobe,the NBA active star with contract,is unlikely to represent any CBA team.This paper,Based on the limitation of China Basketball Association on NBA star in playing in China,points out existing problems and puts forward reasonable solution.The main purpose is to provide the reference for future foreign players transfer and management.


Colleges and schools with cosmetology programs are facing legal challenges in the courts for having their students work for no compensation while they're in the training or internship phase of their program.


: In recent years, culinary tourism has emerged as one of the fastest-growing sectors of global tourism. Gastronomy enriches a destination's cultural significance and serves as a novel pathway for promoting tourism by showcasing its unique culinary heritage and expressing the destination's brand personality. Chengdu, having been officially recognized by UNESCO's "Creative Cities Network" and bestowed with the title of "International Capital of Gastronomy," stands as the first city in Asia to achieve such honors. The gastronomic intellectual property centered around Chengdu's Panda culture plays a pivotal role in the development of Chengdu's culinary tourism. Hence, this paper elucidates the strategy of crafting the "Panda Bamboo" Gastronomic Intellectual Property from four perspectives: identifying novel growth opportunities for Sichuan cuisine, curating thematic gastronomic neighborhoods, disseminating culinary culture, and innovating marketing approaches, all of which aim to bolster the advancement of Chengdu's culinary tourism.


Abstract New stability constant data are presented for the minerals blixite, mendipite and the compound Pb7O6Cl2.2H2O at 298.2 K and P = 105 Pa. Mendipite is in fact a metastable phase at this temperature, being thermodynamically stable under the appropriate conditions at temperatures above about 29°C Kinetic influences are of some significance with respect to the sequence of formation of solid phases in the PbO-HCl-HH2O system, and these have been elucidated for some important reactions. Penfieldite and fiedlerite appear to be metastable phases at all temperatures at 105 Pa. The results have been used to reassess the conditions of formation of the lead(II) oxy- and hydroxychloride phases that are known to form as minerals and as corrosion products of lead-containing artefacts. The effect of CO2 on the system is also described.


An increase in the mean corpuscular volume (MCV), while not diagnostic of vitamin B12 or folate deficiency, is a valuable, readily available screening test. I discuss six instances where an increased MCV was recorded months prior to diagnosis and could, if noted, have led to an earlier diagnosis.


Integrated weed management (IWM) strategies are having a significant impact on water hyacinth control in Tanzania. Water hyacinth has been reduced by over 70% within a period of 3 years. This has been achieved mainly through biological control, manual removal, quarantine regulations, and management of nutrient enrichment. Through manual removal, 60 landing beaches in Lake Victoria were kept free of water hyacinth. Through biological control, two weevils, Neochetina eichhorniae and N. bruchi, have established with adult populations of up to 30 per plant. There has been a significant reduction in water hyacinth plant population density, from 45 to 7 plants per 0.5 m2, and large reductions in surface area covered and biomass. Maintenance and construction of wetlands have been used to minimise nutrient loading in lakes, ponds, rivers and satellite lakes. The management of water hyacinth in rivers and ponds that are acting as potential sources of infestation has recently begun. WATER hyacinth is considered to be the most serious aquatic weed in Tanzania. This free-floating plant of South American origin (Bennet 1967; Jayanth 1988) was observed for the first time in Tanzania in 1955 in the River Sigi and 1959 in the Pangani River. In 1955 it was gazetted as a noxious weed. In recent years, water hyacinth has spread faster, and the most serious infestation is in Lake Victoria (Labrada 1995). In 1995, about 700 ha of the shoreline including bays and gulfs were affected and by 1998 the coverage was estimated at 2000 ha (LVEMP 1999). Water hyacinth has posed serious environmental and socioeconomic problems in the use and management of water resources. To mitigate the water hyacinth problem in Tanzania, and in Lake Victoria in particular, integrated weed management (IWM) strategies with emphasis on a biological control program were initiated in 1995 under the Lake Victoria Environment Management Project (LVEMP), which is a comprehensive, regional-level environmental program. Under this project, each of the riparian countries of Kenya, Uganda, and Tanzania carries out water hyacinth control in the Lake Victoria within its boundaries. This paper discusses the use of IWM strategies to control water hyacinth in Tanzania, focusing on success achieved so far.


the chloroplast genome. Plasmidscarrying thesechloroplast DNAfragments are unstable in yeast when thecells are grown under non-selective conditions. Sequenceanalysis of three of these chloroplast ARSregions (auton-omously replicating sequences in yeast) reveals a high ATcontent, numerousshort direct and inverted repeats and thepresence ofat least oneelementin each region that is relatedto the yeast ARSconsensus sequence A/TTTTATPuTllTTA/T.These three chloroplast regions share, in addition, twocommonelements of 10and 11 bpwhich mayplay a role inpromoting autonomous replication.Key words: ARS elements/Chlamydomonas reinhardii/


This article aims to empirically examine the relationship between self-concept and social support with the self-confidence of the students of MTsS Al-Washliyah Tembung. The population in this study amounted to 246 students with a sample of 105 students. The sampling technique in this study used a purposive sampling technique. The results showed that, an instrument used to obtain the data is the self-confidence scale, self-concept scale, and social support scale. The results of data analysis using regression analysis obtained the regression coefficient of the three variables of 0.679 (p <0.01) this means that there is a significant relationship between self-concept and social support with student self-confidence so that the hypothesis proposed in this study is accepted. The effective contribution of self-concept and social support variables with student self-confidence is 67%. The correlation coefficient between the variables of self-concept and students' self-confidence is 0.6555 (p<0.01). This means that there is a significant positive relationship between self-concept and students' self-confidence. While the correlation coefficient between the variables of social support and students' self-confidence is 0.437 (p < 0.01) this means that there is a significant positive relationship between social support and student self-confidence, so the hypothesis proposed in the study is accepted. This means that there is a significant positive relationship between self-concept and students' self-confidence. While the correlation coefficient between the variables of social support and students' self-confidence is 0.437 (p < 0.01) this means that there is a significant positive relationship between social support and student self-confidence, so the hypothesis proposed in the study is accepted. This means that there is a significant positive relationship between self-concept and students' self-confidence. While the correlation coefficient between the variables of social support and students' self-confidence is 0.437 (p < 0.01) this means that there is a significant positive relationship between social support and student self-confidence, so the hypothesis proposed in the study is accepted.


Summary The Troll Field is one of the most significant oil fields offshore Norway as well as one of the largest offshore gas fields in the world. The field is subdivided into Troll East which is the main gas field, and Troll West, where a thin oil leg (initially 13–27m) is present below the gas cap. The oil from the thin oil leg is produced by means of long horizontal wells. The key to successful well placement is a multidisciplinary approach combining all available data, including 4D seismic. The 4D seismic data is used in combination with other information, such as production history, inflow profiles, permeability, well completion and the geological/seismic models. This allows us to understand the 4D seismic responses and makes it possible to determine from which area a specific well has produced and which sands that are poorly drained. The use of 4D seismic data for well planning and target maturation has over time proven to be a success for Troll. The use of 4D seismic significantly impacts the production from new wells and therefore secure the total oil recovery for the Troll oil field.


Can quantum information systems be understood using local realism? The consensus is "No." Quantum information is based on qubits and Bell states. According to conventional wisdom these cannot be understood using local realism. Invariably "local realism" is assumed, incorrectly, to refer only to the Einstein, Podolsky and Rosen (EPR) model. Today a radically different model of local realism has arisen. The Theory of Elementary Waves (TEW) is incompatible with Einstein's picture of "reality" but nevertheless is local and realistic. We show that the Bell test experiments that invalidate EPR, validate TEW! This article uses TEW to reproduce all four Bell states. From TEW we derive the Bell states. We also show that TEW can explain an experiment using remote entangled photons that have no shared history, which are entangled because of entanglement swapping . The implications of our study for quantum information theory are unclear, except that the term "nonlocal" should be replaced with a more precise and fruitful term. "Nonlocal" is vague and misleading. "Elementary ray" is a verifiable and precisely defined term that can replace it. This paradigm shift could inspire a new generation of quantum information experiments.


MRT (Mass Rapid Transit) being built in downtown, that interface with existing Roads and various underground Utilities. In Particular, The Station part using Cut & Cover method is usually constructed in existing intersection area. So, this has a significant impact on existing traffic. Contractor has to secure the work space under construction in confined spaces, as well as provide the safety and convenience of transportation users. If it does not meet either of the two occurs a significant delay in the approval and construction progress. Traffic diversion approval procedure in Singapore is rather particular because LTA consider the public safety and user's convenience. In other words, traffic diversion is an important factor in project success. This paper introduces the traffic diversion plan and procedure of Singapore Thomson line T203 project.


Abstract Following the finitist's rejection of the complete totality of the natural numbers, a finitist language allows only propositional connectives and bounded quantifiers in the formula-construction but not unbounded quantifiers. This is opposed to the currently standard framework, a first-order language. We conduct axiomatic studies on the notion of truth in the framework of finitist arithmetic in which at least smash function
$\#$
 is available. We propose finitist variants of Tarski ramified truth theories up to rank
$\omega $
 , of Kripke–Feferman truth theory and of Friedman–Sheard truth theory, and show that all of these have the same strength as the finitist arithmetic of one higher level along Grzegorczyk hierarchy. On the other hand, we also show that adding Burgess-style groundedness schema, adjusted to the finitist setting, makes Kripke–Feferman truth theory as strong as primitive recursive arithmetic. Meanwhile, we obtain some basic results on finitist theories of (full and hat) inductive definitions and on the second order axiom of hat inductive definitions for positive operators.


Replacing a multiplication of an integer constant by a sequence of simple instructions can be beneficial because it reduces the total number of cycles and also provides more opportunity for instruction level parallelism. In this paper we developed an algorithm that selectively replaces multiplications of integer constants with sequences of SUB, ADD, SHIFT, and LEA instructions. The algorithm runs fast and the generated instruction sequences are of high quality. The number of simple instructions generated for a multiplication of an integer constant is about 84.5% of the number of 1-bits in the binary representation of the constant. Also, for several popular processors, the simple instruction sequences significantly reduces the execution time to perform the multiplications.


Summary One of the hard problems in seismic imaging is to make good images of faults based on seismic of varying quality. Large faults may run through stratigraphic layers where seismic image quality can vary from excellent to almost chaotic. When trying to image such faults by the use of seismic attributes it is not uncommon to only capture fragments that are associated with decent quality in the seismic image. Here a windowed 3D Radon based filter is applied as an edge enhancement step on top of edge detection with a seismic attribute in order to improve the signal strength of large faults. Furthermore it is demonstrated that subsequent ant tracking results are of significantly better quality when comparing workflows with and without the enhancement step. Thus imaging of large faults can significantly benefit from applying a windowed 3D Radon filter.


The impact of climate change (global warming) and associated extreme events on soil pollution and metal mobility in soils have received very little attention. Global warming leads to increased soil and atmospheric temperatures, more frequent and severe extreme events, and, consequently, soil erosion. Changes in soil characteristics and hydrology alter how metal(loid)s are transported around a terrestrial environment, diluted in water bodies, and mobilized in soil. Past studies show increases in blood lead concentrations during droughty periods when soil is dry and dusty and decreases in blood lead concentrations during rainy periods when soil is wet and dust is settled. Droughts lead to reduced soil microbial survival, colonization, diversity, and function. When plants are stunted under drought conditions, concentrations of trace metals can be elevated in the tissues to potentially contaminated agricultural produce or enhanced metal uptake by plants. Increased evapotranspiration rates could also lead to translocation of metals from deeper soil layers to the rhizosphere being more readily available for plant uptake. Crop metal concentrations increase when soil temperatures are higher. Even though there an increasing number of articles published on the topics of global warming/climate change and soil metal pollution, it is still not clear what will happen to metals with accelerated evapotranspiration, more rapid organic matter breakdown in soil, faster release from soil particles and diffusion to roots, etc. Thus, the effects of climate change on soil pollution by metals, i.e. their concentrations, mobility, and distribution, require immediate attention to prevent future human and ecosystem damage. We encourage studies that explicitly relate the effects of temperature on metal behavior in soils due to global warming/climate change. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


Analyzes the characteristics of adaptability to temperature, regular calibration, etc. of the Flat Panel Detector(FPD) for Digital Radiology(DR). Explains that it can improve the imaging quality further and decrease the dose of radiation to have the characteristics of FPD at one's finger ends and to use it reasonably so as to prolong the service time of FPD.


A new outbreak of Vaccinia virus was observed in Southwest region of Sao Paulo State, Brazil. The disease was observed in small dairy farms with manual milking. Lesions in cattle were observed on teats and udder (Figure 1) characterized by vesicules and ulcers. Milkers presented lesions on hands and one child, 11 years of age, presented lesions in mouth and nose. Age of the milkers ranged from 22 to 63 years of age. Three of them were previously vaccinated against smallpox. Lymphadenopathy, headache, and fever were reported, varying in severity and persisting for ∼2–5 days. Lesions in the ocular region were observed in one milker, 22 years of age, correlated with several lesions on the hands (Figure 2). Although several reports of Vaccinia virus outbreaks have been occurring in Brazil, 1,2 it was not yet reported in this region. The disease in persons previously vaccinated and not vaccinated against smallpox reinforces the absence of immunity and the risk to the human health.


For discrete-time Markov chains on general state space,Meyn and Tweedie given the equivalence between the moments of return time and drift condition,and applied to regularity and ergodicity of Markov chains.In this paper,we research the moments of return time for Markov processes,given the recursive relation on the moments of return time,and obtain the minimal nonnegative solutions to the corresponding equation is the moments of return time,the equivalence between the moments of return time and drift condition of Markov processes,by the method of minimal nonnegative solutions.


The book presents current R&D and new trends in the field of solar cell technologies. Topics covered include fabrication methods, various types of cell design, versatile applications of solar cells, PEDOT:PSS thermoelectric materials, transparent conducting electrodes, simulation models for solar photovoltaic materials, and hybrid materials for solar cells.


The central issue of this essay is whether contextualism in epistemology is genuinely in conflict with recent claims that 'know' is not in fact a contextsensitive word. To address this question, I will first rehearse three key aims of contextualists and the broad strategy they adopt for achieving them. I then introduce two linguistic arguments to the effect that the lexical item 'know' is not context sensitive, one from Herman Cappelen and Ernie Lepore, one from Jason Stanley. I find these and related arguments quite compelling. In particular, I think Cappelen and Lepore (2003, 2005a) show pretty definitively that 'know' is not like 'I'/'here'/'now', and Stanley (2004) shows that 'know' is not like 'tall'/'rich'.1 One could try to find another model for 'know'. Instead, I consider whether one can rescue ''the spirit of contextualism in epistemology''—that is, achieve its aims by deploying a strategy of appealing to speaker context—even while granting that 'know' isn't a context-sensitive word at all. My conclusion, in a nutshell, is this: If there are pragmatic determinants of what is asserted/stated, and contextualism can overcome independent problems not having to do specifically with the context-sensitivity of the word 'know', then the spirit of contextualism can be salvaged. Even though, for reasons sketched by the aforementioned authors, 'know' doesn't actually belong in the class of context-sensitive words.


Malignant melanoma is a form of skin cancer that is on the rise in most parts of the world. During the year 2000 more than 33,000 people died from the decease. Using some of the diagnostical tools available to the dermatologist it is possible to design a system that would in principle diagnose the decease from photographs. In order for such a system to work there is a need to extract the features that indicate malignancy in a lesion from the photographs. In this thesis the ABCD diagnosis system used by dermatologists is used as a model for these features and a number of examples are presented. Also for the feature extraction process to work there is a need for some stipulations to be set on the pictures taken. These conditions are examined as is the e ectiveness of the features in describing the outer attributes of the skin lesion. Among the things concluded in this thesis it was shown that the initial quality of the pictures was very important. The features found gave some indication that they would be useful if further developed in a more complete system. It was determined that although the features were invariant to rotation and translation, the scale of the picture was very important.


the emergence of public space as a concept depend on the political history of every society. Among the sociopolitical conditions which contribute to its realization we can find the freedom of expression and also freedom of association. However in some new contexts of democracy policy, just like Maghreb societies the public place, as sphere of mediation between the society and the political authorities, became in the heart of the remark since the 90 after the explosion of the unique thought.


people to share in his own righteousness" rather than through human efforts, including obedience to the law (p. 148). In chapter 7, Gorman compares 2 Cor 5:14–21 to Gal 2:15–21. He concludes that in both passages Paul is saying similar things about justification. Justification means participation, being a new creation, and thus results in transformation into God's righteousness. Justification also includes reconciliation with others. Gorman then turns his attention to Romans (chap. 8), finding the same portrayal of justification as participation and transformation through dying and rising with Christ, which then leads to reconciliation with others. In his final exegetical analysis, Gorman considers passages in 2 Corinthians, concluding that (along with many Church Fathers and some modern interpreters) Paul was advocating a form of theosis, which is cruciform, resurrectional, corporate, and missional. In his concluding chapter, Gorman offers a letter from "Paul" to the modern North American church, in which Gorman has Paul challenge the church to participate in Christ in a cruciform manner. In this book, Gorman offers his readers a detailed analysis of several Pauline texts and makes a strong case for the "in Christ" language in Paul to be a call to participate in the crucified and resurrected Christ. This life is therefore transformative, lived corporately, and results in reconciliation and mission. According to Gorman, the ultimate result is theosis—becoming more like God. This claim is the most controversial one made in the book, which Gorman recognizes. It is also perhaps overplayed. Gorman does mention the cross as being an "anthrophany," and also states that "the paradox of theosis is that when humans become 'divine' . . . they become most fully human" (p. 225). Despite these comments, his Trinitarian interpretation of Paul leads him to the idea of theosis, i.e., Jesus's crucifixion is a theophany. One wonders, however, if this does not undervalue Paul's emphasis on the obedience of the human Jesus, who models a relationship with God to which all of humanity is called.


Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder featuring both the aggregation of extraneuronal amyloid plaques and intraneuronal neurofibrillary tangles. The deposition of Aβ peptides in the brain plays a key role in the onset and progression of this disease, and β‐secretase (BACE‐1) is critical in this process. Thus, the inhibition of this enzyme is an attractive approach to anti‐Alzheimer therapy. So far, the rational design of new BACE‐1 inhibitors has been hampered by the intrinsic flexibility displayed by the enzyme which is not included in standard molecular modeling methods.


The application of a fuzzy controller in the radar antenna control system is studies in this paper. Some 2D fuzzy controllers are analyzed and compared and from which a better control scheme is chosen.


A review of traffic assignment techniques currently in use or likely to be in use in the near future, in Europe and elsewhere. Considers techniques used in large scale strategic studies and those used in traffic management appraisal emphasizing the underlying nature of assignment techniques.


To appreciate the potential applications of stem cell technology in neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's disease (PD), it is important to understand the characteristics of the various types of stem cells. These stem cells include mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), embryonic stem (ES) cells, progenitor cells, and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS). Among them, MSCs have several advantages over other counterparts. They are easily accessible and can be obtained from various tissues such as bone marrow, dental pulp, adipose tissue, amnion, placenta, umbilical cord and cord blood with avoiding ethical problems. Therefore, MSCs is attractive clinically because there are no related ethical and immunological concerns. Functional dopamine (DA) neurons can be efficiently induced from MSCs. Several studies, including our studies, have shown that MSCs can protect and/or stimulate regeneration in host-damaged DA neurons mainly through secretion of trophic factors and cytokines from MSCs. These results demonstrate the potential of MSCs derived from an autologous source for clinical applications for PD, although further studies are required. This review is focused on the potential of MSCs as a therapeutic cell source for PD.


Objective To explore extraparotid buccal branches of facial nerve and provide anatomic basis for corresponding surgery. Methods The distributions, orientations and layers were observed on 20 halves of 10 embalmed cadaveric head specimens. Results The buccal branches came out of the parotid and divided into 2~4 branches under the deep surface of SMAS. Buccal branch Ⅰand buccal branch Ⅱ emerged without exception from parotid and bifurcated. The distance between the first grade of buccal branch Ⅰand parotid duct is (1.1±0.5)cm. The distance between the first grade of buccal branch Ⅱand parotid duct is (0.5±0.3)cm. The secord graed of buccal branch emorgel after adrancing(1.3±0.9)cm and (1.8±0.5)cm respectively. Conclusion With high reliability, the buccal branches of facial nerve can be used as receptor nerve during the treatment of facial paralysis. In the operation of rhytidectomy, placing of expanders or scar excision, the distributions of buccal branches of facial nerve can be labeled to avoid the nerve from being injuried.


A 7 years and 10 months old male child, 25 kg, born and raised in Sao Jose do Rio Preto, SP, referred for heart murmur and fatigue investigation. Dyspneic for three months and progressive worsening associated to sporadic dorsal region pain upon moderate exertion. Three days earlier he presented postprandial vomiting, loss of appetite and worsening of general condition. Upon physical examination the patient was in regular state: pale, hydrated, eupneic and afebrile. Regular heart rhythm with systolic murmur 4 + / 6 + and tachycardia. Clear lung sounds. Distended and painful abdomen upon palpation, along with hepatomegaly (liver palpable at 2.36 inches from the right costal margin). Blood pressure and heart rate were normal in all four limbs and without edema.


Background: We compare intraoperative profiles and outcomes of hand-assisted retroperitoneoscopic nephroureterectomy (HARNU) with bladder cuff excision with traditional open nephroureterectomy (ONU) to treat upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma. Methods: Between January 2000 and December 2005, 65 patients underwent nephroureterectomy and bladder cuff excision for upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma in Tri-Service General Hospital (TGSH). Of these, 34 were treated using HARNU and 31 with ONU. Both groups were reviewed for operative time, estimated intraoperative blood loss (EBL), tumor stage, postoperative pain, time to oral intake and ambulation, and postoperative hospital stay. Results: The average operative time for HARNU was 238.6 min versus 310.8 min for ONU. The average EBL was 181.6 ml versus 242.6 ml. There was no significant difference in tumor stage between the two treatment groups. The average time to oral intake was 0.8 days for HARNU versus 1.6 days for ONU; time to ambulation 2.5 days versus 3.3 days; and hospital stay 8.2 days versus 10.8 days. No major surgical complications occurred in either group. Conclusion: While ONU still represents the gold standard for the treatment of upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma, our experience suggests that HARNU results in a shorter operative time, less blood loss, shorter postoperative hospital stay, more rapid oral intake, and an early return to ambulation; and is an effective and safe alternative technique for upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma.


Culture is historical cultural accumulations that are acquired rather than being born with and are bequeathed to future generations. Today, technological developments resulting from globalization have affected societies and begun to destroy cultures. Realizing this, Turkey and many countries have started Historical Cultural Heritage Education to protect historical cultural heritage and to raise awareness of younger generations. To increase the teacher candidates' academic knowledge and teach the importance of historical cultural heritage, in-class activities are done and lectures are given in universities' education faculties. However, it is seen that these activities do not make sense for them and therefore their academic knowledge and their sensitivity do not increase enough. In this study, teacher candidates' sensitivity about historical cultural heritage and their academic knowledge was determined by the field trip taken to Tarsus's historical cultural sites. The sample of this study is 30 second and third year social studies teacher candidates attending Nigde University. One group pre-test, post-test experimental design was used. After literature review, a 30-question survey was developed for data collection. The survey was conducted before and after the trip. The data was analyzed with SPSS. As a result of t-test, the difference between the sensitivity pre-test and post-test scores was 1.60, which was statistically significant. The difference between the academic knowledge pre-test and post-test scores was 4.2, which was also statistically significant. These findings showed that field trips should be organized more.


More than 12,000 new cases of thyroid cancer develop each year in the USA for which scant information is available on cytogenetic abnormalities. Comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) now permits the detection and mapping of amplified regions in DNAs without the need for metaphase tumor preparations. Using CGH, we have analyzed the DNA copy number changes in 10 human thyroid tumors. Further, the procedure of CGH was modified by using a chromomycin and sitamycin reverse-banding technique to provide a high resolution assignment of amplified regions. The results revealed a series of copy number changes including amplifications of chromosome bands 1p36, 1q42, 2p13, 2p21, 19q13.1 and losses of chromosome bands 16q12-13 and 16q22-23. The most striking regions of amplifications, band 2p21 and 2p13 were further analyzed by constructing a 90-member chromosome 2 BAC map and using 9 members of this to analyze WRO, a thyroid follicular carcinoma cell line containing double minutes (dm). Eight BACs revealed three copies of chromosome 2; one BAC mapping at the 2p21-22 border revealed significant and variable amplification in all of the metaphase dm`s suggesting a local amplification. Interphase analyses revealed about 40-70 signals per nucleus. The variable signals seen in the WRO cell population suggest themore » existence of a minor population with higher copy number and smaller amplicon size. In summary, high resolution CGH has been combined with BAC contig construction for the analysis of thyroid tumor to reveal a very specific region amplification on chromosome 2p21 likely to contain a new gene involved in thyroid cancer tumorigenesis.« less


• Bud clusters exposed to 5-azacytidine at all three tested concentrations were able to grow in vitro with similar results (Table 1). • Embryological analysis indicated that none of the ovules showed signs of an apomeiotic to sexual reversion, which would be expected if under stress. • Many ovules were found to be aposporous, which may or may not have a correlation to the treatment (Fig. 4). • It was noted that the stems of the bud clusters bent out of the medium before 72 had elapsed, thus the growth of the pistils may have been slowed as a result. Replication of the experiment is necessary. Methods


A new anisotropic effect is oberserved in some potassium chloride crystals coloured by ionizing radiation. The coloured samples exhibit birefringence after illumination with ordinary or polarized light. By using suitable illumination conditions it is possible to obtain both uni- and biaxial crystals with optical directions parallel to the cube edges, and possessing either negative or positive optical signs. It is found that only light of wavelength between 625 and 750 nm is effective in producing the optical anisotropy and that the light undergoing double refraction lies in the same range of wavelengths. Some properties of the defects responsible for the birefringence and a possible mechanism of the effect are discussed.

[Russian Text Ignored].


The Asymptotically Safe Gravity (ASG) framework suggests a "running" Newtonian coupling constant, which depends on two free parameters ω∼ and γ. The new black hole metrics inferred from such a "running" gravitational constant naturally match with a Schwarzschild metric at large radial coordinate. By further imposing the matching with the Donoghue quantum corrections to the Schwarzschild field, we find a negative value of the ω∼ parameter, and this leads to a not yet explored black hole metric, which surprisingly turns out to describe the so-called Planck stars.


The spin-Hamiltonian parameters (g factors gi and hyperfine structure constants Ai, where i = x, y, z) of the rhombic Cu2+ centres in the CuGaSe2 crystal are determined from the high-order perturbation formulae based on the cluster approach (sometimes also called two-spin-orbit parameter model). In the studies, some parameters in the analysis of g factors for the same centre within the tetragonal symmetry approximation in the previous paper are used, and the parameter due to the perturbation of rhombic crystal field caused by a charge compensator at, e.g., [110] direction are considered. As the result of a fitting process, the determined spin-Hamiltonian parameters are in reasonable agreement with the experimental values. The results are discussed.


There is a great potential for miniaturized analytical separation systems, e.g. in process control, environmental monitoring, or clinical chemistry. Particularly, miniaturized electro-driven systems open many new possibilities. Most efforts in this area have been focused on cylindrical capillary columns. In the present paper, thin rectangular conduits are considered and comparisons with cylindrical tubes are made on the basis of theoretical models. A critical and limiting factor in electro-driven separations is the generation of heat


The uniaxial tensile test and V-bend test were conducted by using tensile testing machine at elevated temperature,and the hot deep drawing was also performed.The influences of drawing technological parameters such as drawing temperature,drawing rate,blank holder gaps and lubricant were investigated.The results show that the twin-roll-cast AZ31 alloy is suitable for hot deep drawing above 200℃ with a minimum bending radius smaller than 4mm.It shows an excellent formability at temperatures from 225℃ to 275℃ with the drawing rate of 50mm/min~100mm/min and black holder gaps of 1.125t~1.15t.The maximum limited drawing ratio is 2.95 at optimal drawing condition when use PTFE for lubrication.


Contemporaneous publications of missionary letters often include material written for publicity purposes. These can be letters written by the missionaries themselves, or even fictional letters composed for the purpose and presented as genuine. By analyzing one such fiction and the genuine letter on which it is based, this article identifies criteria for distinguishing actual correspondence from its imitation. The example is drawn from a minor incident in New Zealand in 1840 involving the meeting of a Catholic missionary with a Methodist missionary, both of whom subsequently wrote about the encounter.


A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the Bio-efficacy of Econeem Plus® against Whiteflies in Cotton under field conditions at Narendra village, Dharwad district, Karnataka during 2018. Seven treatments comprising of Econeem Plus® at different concentrations viz., 2, 2.5 and 3ml/L, combination of Econeem Plus® + Ecospread® at 2 +0.5 ml/L, 2.5 +0.5 ml/L and 3 +0.5 ml/L. These were compared with an untreated control (water spray) and evaluated. The results revealed that Econeem Plus® is effective against cotton whiteflies at the dosage of 2.5 and 3 ml/L. Addition of Ecospread at 0.5 ml increases the efficacy rate. The per cent reduction of whiteflies at 10 days after first and second spray shows that, Econeem Plus® at 3ml/L+ Ecospread at 0.5 ml/L resulted 78.1% and 84.9% reduction over control respectively. The phytotoxicity study also reveals that the product is safe and controls only the target pest i.e., cotton whiteflies.


Phosphoinositide 3‐kinase (PI3K) inhibitors are a class of small‐molecule inhibitors approved for the treatment of certain leukaemias and lymphomas. Their dermatological adverse event profile is poorly described.


The application of physical exercise that meets Frequency, Intensities, Time, Type can be applied to control the increase in blood sugar levels and reduce blood pressure. This research is a quantitative study with a pre-experiment design using a one group pretest-posttest model. The purpose of this research is to determine the effectiveness of providing Active Assistive Range of Motion actions in the form of isotonic movements where contractions of the muscles shorten with the movements of each joint in accordance with the range of motion which is normal but the tension in the muscles remains constant during the contraction to decrease blood pressure in people with type II diabetes mellitus. This research was carried out in 2019. The population of this study were people with type II diabetes mellitus who participated in chronic disease management program activities at the Baturetno Health Center as many as 52 people. The research sample of 25 people was taken by purposive sampling technique. The results showed a decrease in systolic and diastolic blood pressure in the range of 0-15 mmHg with an average decrease of 8.6 mmHg for systolic blood pressure and 6.64 mmHg for diastolic blood pressure. Statistical test with Wilcoxon obtained Asymp value. Sig. (2-tailed) of 0,000 with a confidence level of 95% so that it can be concluded that there is a significant difference between the blood pressure of patients with type II DM before and after the Active Assistive Range of Motion treatment at Baturetno Health Center.


The main purposes of this study were to investigate the relationship between Individual's stressor factors and job performance. The population of this study is middle managers of Haft Tapeh SugarCane Company. We determined the amount of the sample size with the used of Cochran sampling method which the statistical sample is 34 of these employees which have been selected through the simple random sampling method. To gathering of data, we used a questionnaire, the questionnaires reliability was 0.79. In order to analyze the data resulted from collected questionnaires deductive and descriptive statistical methods are used, and to display some statistical data we used column diagram and in deductive level to test the hypothesis of the research we used Pearson correlation coefficients and linear regression. Findings show that there is a negative relationship between role conflict, role ambiguity & volume overload of work, and middle managers' job performance.


The kinetic study of F-T synthesis over an Fe-Mn ultrafine particle catalyst was carried out in a fixed bed reactor Experimental conditions were varied as follows: reaction temperature of 576~610K, pressure of 1 5~2 5MPa, gas hourly space velocity of 2500~4500h -1 and H 2/CO feed ratio of 2 0 A simplified kinetic model was derived for hydrocarbon formation of F-T synthesis based on the carbide mechanism: R C nH 2n+2 =k HC5 P H 2 (1-α)α n The parameters for the kinetic model were obtained by simulating with experimental data: k HC5 =k HC5 (580K)exp[E aR(1T-1580)] wherek HC5 (580K)=2 82×10 -6 mol/(mlcat·MPa·s) E a=66 07kJ/mol The results indicate that the model fits well with experimental data The chain growth probability (α) shows a simple concern with temperature and H 2/CO ratio: α=1/(1+ρRHC)


The present study investigates the efficiency of the forex market based on the theory of the Efficient Market Hypothesis in Mauritius, a well-diversified and emerging economy in the African region. Hence, this study considers the case of Mauritian forex market nominal spot rate daily data namely EUR/MUR, USD/ MUR, GBP/ MUR and JPY/ MUR over a time period of 5 years ranging from 2012 to 2016. The technique used for analysis is firstly concentrated on the use of Augmented-Dickey Fuller (ADF) and Philips Peron (PP) unit root to test the weak-form of efficiency and secondly, the Johansen Cointegration Test, the Granger Causality Test and Variance Decomposition are utilized to examine the existence of semi-strong form efficiency in the Mauritian foreign exchange market. Results indicated that the unit root test tested by ADF and PP unit root test support the weak form market as it follows a random walk process. Secondly, the Johansen Cointegration test reveals that there is no long run relationships among foreign exchange variables. However, the Granger causality test confirmed the existence of unidirectional and bidirectional relationships among the various exchange rates. Moreover, the Variance Decomposition confirmed the presence of long run co-movements among the exchange rates. Therefore, both tests fail to support the semi-strong form market. This means that one exchange rate can predict one or more exchange rates which is against the semi-strong form market hypothesis. Therefore, it is deduced that the foreign market is efficient in the weak-form but is inefficient in the semi-strong form in Mauritius.


In April 1983, the 3rd World Conference on Transport Research was held in Hamburg, Germany. Transport research and planning problems were discussed. The number of papers which could be included in the Conference Proceedings was limited, meaning that many interesting documents could not be published. Therefore, papers on 4 special areas within the sub-topic dealing with individuals and transport behavior were published in 4 consecutive issues of Transport Reviews. This paper provides something of an overview on this sub-topic and these 4 papers.


In2Te3 thin films were prepared by thermal evaporation technique. The composition of the films is checked by energy dispersive X-ray analysis. X-ray analysis showed that the as-deposited In2Te3 films as well as films annealed at temperatures ≤ 473 K have crystalline structure. The ac conductivity σac(ω), the dielectric constant e1 and the dielectric loss 6 2of In2T 3films were studied in the temperature range 303-373 K and in the frequency range 100 Hz-100 kHz. The ac conduction activation energy ΔEσ (ω) was found to be 0.065 eV for the as-deposited films. The ac conductivity was found to obey the relation σac(ω) = Aωs, where s is the frequency exponent. The obtained temperature dependence of s is reasonably interpreted by quantum mechanical tunneling model. Both the dielectric constant 61 and the dielectric loss e2 increased with temperature and decreased with frequency in the investigated range. The frequency and temperature dependencies of σac(ω), e1, and e2 for the annealed samples have the same behavior as that for the as-deposited samples. However, values of σac(ω), 61, and 62 measured at any frequency and temperature increased with annealing temperature up to 473 K. It was found also that ΔEσ (ω) decreased with annealing temperature. PACS numbers: 72.20.—i, 77.55.+f


Frequency-warped filters have recently been applied successfully to a number of audio applications. The idea of all-pass delay elements replacing unit delays in digital filters allows for focusing enhanced frequency resolution on the lowest (or highest) frequencies and enables a good match to the psychoacoustical Bark scale. Kautz filters can be seen as a further generalization, where each all-pass element may be different, allowing also complex-conjugate poles. This enables an arbitrary allocation of frequency resolution to filter design, such as modeling and equalization (inverse modeling) of linear systems. Strategies for using Kautz filters in audio applications are formulated. Case studies of loudspeaker equalization, room response modeling, and guitar body modeling for sound synthesis are presented.


Objective: To investigate the distribution of cytochrome P450 3A activity(CA) in the school children aged 6-15 years in Shanghai.Methods: Concentrations of hydrocortisone and 6β-hydroxycortisol in urine were determined by gradient HPLC with HP Hypersil ODS column(250 mm×4 mm,5 μm) using dexamethasone as internal standard.The mobile phase A was CH_(3)CN,while mobile phase B was 7.56 mmol/L(NH_(4))_(2)SO_(4) water solution.The gradient profile: 0-6.5 min,A:10%,B:90%;6.5-15 min,A:35%,B:65%,linear variation;15-24 min,A:35%,B:65%;24-28 min,A:10%,B:90%,linear variation;28-42 min,A:10%,B:90%.The column temperature was 30℃,the flow rate was 1.0 mL/min,and the detection wave length was 240 nm.The frequency distribution of data was examined by the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test.Difference of CA between boys and girls were compared by Student paired t test.Results: The frequency distribution of CA in the 1 169 students was a left skewness distribution with an asymmetry coefficient of 2.66,and lgCA was normally distributed with an asymmetry coefficient of 0.027.The range of normal values of CA was 1.00-25.47.There was no significant difference of CA between male and female students(P=0.919).Pubertal development was graded into stage 1(before reaching),stage 2(just starting) and stage 3(intermediate).The linear regression equation between pubertal development(X) and CA(Y) was Y=0.685 X+3.513(r=(0.999 9).) Conclusion: It is useful to determine the distribution of CA and the normal value range of CA in Shanghai school-age children for individual dosage regimen.


Feature extraction from robot sensor data is a standard way to deal with the high dimensionality and redundancy of such data. In order to get optimal task-relevant features, PCA must be replaced by a supervised projection method. In this paper we extend our previously proposed supervised linear feature extraction method (2000) in two ways: 1) the projection matrix is optimized simultaneously over all columns under the constraint of orthonormality; and 2) a Jacobi parametrization of the matrix allows the use of unconstrained nonlinear optimization algorithms. The new algorithm is more efficient and many times faster than the old version. We show experimental results in extracting features from panoramic images of a mobile robot. The results compare favorably to the PCA solutions.


This study was aimed to utilize Indigofera zollingeriana in diets on the performance of sentul chicken. One hundred and fourty four sentul chickens were allocated into 6 treatments and 4 repetitions. This poultry was kept from DOC until the age of 3 weeks with BR 501 CP diets, next for 7 weeks fed treatment diets. The treatment diet was 1) R1 = commercial diet, 2) R2 = diet commonly used by breeder, 3) R3 = diet containing Indigofera zollingeriana 20% without maize, 4) R4 = diet containing Indigofera zollingeriana 10%, 5) R5 = diet containing Indigofera zollingeriana 15%, 6) R6 = diet containing Indigofera zollingeriana 20% and containing maize. The study used a complete randomized design and the collected data were analyzed by Duncan test. The results showed that the consumption and conversion of diets did not show any significant difference, but the highest body weight gain (P <0.05) was achieved in R1 with final bodyweight of 833.25 g at 10 weeks. The R4 diet containing 10% Indigofera zollingeriana resulted in the same weight gain as R1 with the final weights of 722 g. Conclusion Indigofera zollingeriana as much as 10% can be given in sentul chicken diets.


Equilibrium between Cr and O in the high Cr steel melt is one of the most important information to control Cr content in the stainless steel. In spite of such importance, there are some uncertainties in the literature values including the recommended values of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) on deoxidation equilibrium constant and interaction parameters. The main reason of such uncertainties of the previous works is referred to the insufficient consideration on the thermodynamic properties of oxide phase in equilibrium with liquid Fe-Cr alloy. The present work deals with the equilibrium relation between dissolved Cr and O in liquid high Cr steel saturated with pure solid Cr 2 O 3 . The equilibrium constant of reaction and the interaction parameter between Cr and O in liquid iron saturated with pure solid Cr 2 O 3 is given by the following equations in the present work. Cr 2 O 3 (s)=2Cr+3O log K=-36 200/T+16.1 (1 823 K<T<1 923 K) e Cr O =-123/T+0.034 (mass% Cr<46, 1 823 K<T<1 923 K The activity of O can be expressed by above thermodynamic function without the second order interaction paramer up to 46 mass%Cr.


Background: Ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) and p53 have critical roles in DNA damage signaling pathways and the regulation of apoptosis. We have demonstrated that ATM deficiency renders cells susceptible to synthetic lethality by PARP inhibition and that ATM deficient MCL cell lines with inactivation or loss of p53 are more sensitive to PARP inhibition than their p53 proficient counterparts (Williamson et al, 2010 and 2012). Moreover, we have found that reduced ATM protein levels, as detected by quantitative immunochemistry, correlates with poor prognosis in early stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), suggesting that ATM deficiency has clinical relevance in solid tumours (Klimowitz et al, in preparation). Here, we assessed the implications of ATM and p53 deficiency on the sensitivity of NSCLC and gastric cancer (GC) cell lines to classic cytotoxic and targeted agents.


Over the centuries environmental risks have led local populations to develop resilient and sustainable horticultural food gardens. Increasing the production of these cropping systems will be critical for future Pacific island food security. The challenge is how to increase productivity of the systems without compromising their rational for risk management. A combination of inter-related strategies for intensification is identified. © 2016, International Society for Horticultural Science. All rights reserved.


Consumption and Saving Behavior To understand business cycle fluctuations, the effects of government deficits, long-run aggregate capital accumulation, and the determination of asset prices, we need to know how households allocate their income between consumption and saving. Much of my research focuses on the effects on consumer spending and saving of imperfections in the consumer credit market that constrain the amount of household borrowing, uncertainty in household income, and changes in the value of the stock market. The Importance of Borrowing Constraints The permanent-income theory of consumption says that the response of consumption to temporary changes in income should be small: households will save the bulk of positive windfalls to income and will run down their assets or borrow to keep consumption smooth in the face of drops in income. This view assumes that households have access to markets in which they can borrow against their future labor income. Yet aggregate U.S. consumption fluctuates more than the permanent-income hypothesis predicts. Credit markets are imperfect because banks do not have all possible information about loan applicants and cannot enforce loan repayments perfectly. Therefore, individuals who suffer a substantial drop in earnings cannot borrow large amounts of money with only their future labor earnings as collateral. I derive the theoretical implication of such borrowing constraints and test whether these limits on household borrowing have important effects on spending patterns.(1) To perform the tests, I use survey data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) on approximately 5000 households followed over 15 years. These data include a detailed breakdown of different types of income, tax information, and information on a component of consumer spending.(2) I split the sample into two groups: those families with few or no liquid assets in a given year, and those with higher liquid assets. I derive and test two implications of the model with borrowing constraints. First, once I take variations in aftertax interest rates into account, changes in consumption should be forecastable for the low-asset group but not for the high-asset group. The second implication begins with the observation that households that are unable to borrow still have the option of saving to smooth out high current income or low anticipated future income. Because of this, households with low current assets that are unable to borrow should have a higher expected growth of consumption than the rest of the population.(3) My results generally support the view that borrowing constraints affect the spending patterns of a significant fraction of the U.S. population. Consumption growth is both more predictable and, on average, higher for households that find themselves with few or no liquid assets in a given year. Precautionary Saving: The Effects of Income Uncertainty I also examine the effects on saving of uncertainty about future income--including the risk of becoming unemployed or disabled, or experiencing large increases or decreases in salaries.(4) Previous researchers had shown the conditions under which uncertainty raised the level of saving, but they were unable to determine the magnitude of the effect.(5) I demonstrate that uncertainty generally will raise the sensitivity of consumption to current income. I calculate what the consumption function would be, given empirical estimates of the magnitude of income uncertainty and plausible assumptions about consumers' preferences. Therefore, I am able to calculate the exact size of the effect of income uncertainty on both the level of consumption and the sensitivity of consumption to current income, Four important results have emerged from this line of research. 1. Precautionary saving is likely to be an important component of household saving. This is especially true for households whose lifetime resources consist primarily of uncertain future labor income. …


The Interreg FWVL VALSE project aims to promote sustainable dredged sediment reuse. Reuse options and supporting research were investigated during an earlier project. In order to provide waterways operators and related industries, with case studies, full scale pilot tests are planned at Belgian and French sites. A former sediment disposal site of the French Waterways (VNF) at Saint Omer, Northern France, is considered as a potential source of mature sediment (14 to 40 years old) for reuse applications (landscaping, cycle paths, dikes). Sediments are now comparable to soil in terms of water content and mechanical behaviour. Sediment environmental characteristics are assessed with laboratory methods, and its variability with on-site methods...


NIP5;1 encodes a boron channel; this work shows that the 5′ untranslated region of NIP5;1 is required for mRNA accumulation in response to boron deficiency and mRNA degradation in response to high-boron conditions. Boron (B) is an essential plant micronutrient that is toxic at higher levels. NIP5;1 is a boric acid channel required for B uptake and growth under B deficiency. Accumulation of the NIP5;1 transcript is upregulated under B deficiency in Arabidopsis thaliana roots. To elucidate the mechanism of regulation, the 5′ untranslated region (UTR) of NIP5;1 was tested for its ability to confer B-dependent regulation using β-glucuronidase and green fluorescent protein as reporters. This analysis showed that the 5′ UTR was involved in NIP5;1 transcript accumulation in response to B conditions. We also found that high-B conditions trigger NIP5;1 mRNA degradation and that the sequence from +182 to +200 bp in the 5′ UTR is required for this mRNA destabilization. In the nip5;1-1 mutant background, a NIP5;1 complementation construct without the 5′ UTR produced high levels of mRNA accumulation, increased B concentrations in tissues, and reduced growth under high-B conditions. These data suggest that the 5′ UTR controls B-dependent NIP5;1 mRNA degradation and that NIP5;1 mRNA degradation is important for plant acclimation to high-B conditions.


The article dwells upon the organizational and scientific activities of I.O. Brod being a famous scientist in the field of oil and gas geology. His contribution to the development of scientific research and exploration for oil and gas in the Eastern Ciscaucasia in the 30s and in the first half of the 50s of the 20th century has been disclosed. Brief biographical details (birth, studies, positions, etc.) and data from his report at the 17th International Geological Congress (IGC) held in 1937 are given. The activities of I.O. Brod with regards to studying the geological structure and oil and gas content of the Eastern Ciscaucasia regions (Dagestan, Chechnya, etc.) are characterized. It is noted that the generalized text and graphic geological materials of the expedition enabled to identify the main features of the geological structure and assess the prospects for the oil and gas potential of the Mesozoic stratigraphic complexes and served as a scientific justification for the further increase in regional, geological prospecting and exploration work for oil and gas in the region under consideration. Listed are oil and gas fields and deposits (Achisu, Khoshmenzil, Izberbash, Duzlak, Eldarovo, etc.) established as a result of geological exploration under the leadership of I.O. Brod. The focus in describing the scientific and organizational activities of I.O. Brod in the early 50s of the 20th century is on large-scale studies by the integrated south geological expedition in the North Caucasus under his leadership with the participation of many specialized scientific, educational and industrial organizations and institutions. In conclusion, the main monographic, educational and popular scientific works of I.O. Brod are listed and accompanied by a brief reflection of their content and significance.


Although diabetes is among the most common causes of lifelong disability, no studies have yet outlined work disability from a life course perspective. This study estimated the number of years people with type 1 and type 2 diabetes lost in a work life span compared to people without diabetes

 Individuals aged 18-65 years, diagnosed with type 1 (n = 33,188) or type 2 diabetes (n = 81,930) were identified from national registers from the entire Danish population and age and gender matched with controls without diabetes (n = 663,656), for period 2000-2017. WLE in years were estimated as time in employment from age 35 to 65. We used a life table approach with multi-state Cox proportional hazard modelling (95% Confidence Intervals: CI). Age was the underlying time-axis. Inverse probability weights accounted for differences between populations. Analyses were performed separately for sex, educational status, and types of diabetes in 5-year age intervals.

 Individuals with type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes had significantly shorter WLE compared to people without diabetes in the 30-year span. Type 1 diabetes: WLE ranged from 8 years shorter among women with short education [-8.0; CI:-11/-5.0] to 4 years shorter [-4.4; CI:-6.6/-2.3] with high education; WLE in men ranged from -6.4 [CI:-8.7/-4.0] with short education to -3.0 [CI:-4.5/-1.5] with high education. Type 2 diabetes: WLE ranged from -6.5 [CI: -8.9/-4.0] in women with short education to -2.9 [CI: -4.5/-1.3] with high education. WLE in men ranged from -7.0 [CI: -9.4/-4.5] with short education to -3.7 [CI: -5.4/-2.0] with high education.

 The substantial number of years lost in a work life span for individuals with type 1 or type 2 diabetes, highlight need for new strategies that prevent work disability, particularly for individuals with short education.

 Individuals with type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes had between 9 and 3 years shorter work life expectancies compared to people without diabetes in a 30-year span. The work life spans are substantial shorter for individuals with type 1 or type 2 diabetes with short educations.


In this paper, the generative model is used to introduce the structural properties of the signal to replace the common sparse hypothesis, and a non-convex compressed sensing sparse deviation model based on the generative model (ℓq-Gen) is proposed. By establishing ℓq variant of the restricted isometry property (q-RIP) and Set-Restricted Eigenvalue Condition (q-S-REC), the error upper bound of the optimal decoder is derived when the recovered signal is within the sparse deviation range of the generator. Furthermore, it is proved that the Gaussian matrix satisfying a certain number of measurements is sufficient to ensure a good recovery for the generating function with high probability. Finally, a series of experiments are carried out to verify the effectiveness and superiority of the ℓq-Gen model.


The calibration of a 4-point probe used for sheet-resistance measurements of a thin-film sample is usually based on the calculation of a correction factor C, depending on the probe and sample dimensions. Based on the Van, der Pauw idea, a method of experimental calibration of the 4-point probe is given, if the probe dimensions are sufficiently small in comparison with the sample.


We propose and analyse a model for the collision of highly energetic particles in which collisions cause the complete fragmentation of the particles into dust and in which particles nucleate and grow through the accretion of dust. This is inspired by the work of Oort and van Hulst. We analyse a variety of aggregation and disintegration kernels, using asymptotic techniques to illustrate the form of solutions, and find steady states and self-similar behaviour.


For the boundary detection problem with nonlinear radiation boundary condition,one reconstruct method is proposed to rebuild the unknown boundary.The key of the reconstruction algorithm is to choose the suitable velocity function,which will make the energy functional decrease monotonically.


∗ The completion of this article would not have been possible without the generous help of Eulàlia Vernet i Pons, who very patiently corrected several of the transcriptions, and Stefano Cingolani, who provided continuous kind support and comments on the documentary avalanche in the Crown Archive. I would like to thank both of them heartily: Moltes gràcies per tot! I am also deeply grateful to Ellen Yutzy Glebe, Kari North, and Eric Böhme for their diligent review of the text. and while recent studies


Research showing that restricting access to barbecue charcoal is helpful in lowering the number of suicides has been welcomed by experts on suicide prevention.

It comes at a time when suicide by carbon monoxide poisoning induced by burning charcoal in a sealed room is beginning to occur outside Asia, where it became a popular method of suicide in the late 1990s.

"We know that making access to lethal [methods] more difficult prevents suicides from occurring," said Lanny Berman, president of the International Association for Suicide Prevention. "The expectation is that as information is readily accessible, suicides by this method will spread. That's why …


Submitted for the MAR14 Meeting of The American Physical Society Phase diagram of an ideal three-dimensional antiferromagnet with random magnetic anisotropy1 PAVEL BORISOV, FELIO A. PEREZ2, TRENT A. JOHNSON, TUDOR D. STANESCU, DAVID LEDERMAN, West Virginia University, MICHAEL R. FITZSIMMONS, Los Alamos National Laboratory, ADAM A. ACZEL, TAO HONG, Oak Ridge National Laboratory — The magnetic phase diagram of three-dimensional (3D) antiferromagnets with random magnetic anisotropy (RMA) is not well understood because systems studied experimentally to date have complicated magnetic structures with competing two-dimensional and three-dimensional exchange interactions. The properties of epitaxial thin films of the 3D RMA antiferromagnet FexNi1−xF2 thin films grown on (110) MgF2 substrates were investigated by magnetometry and neutron scattering. FexNi1−xF2 is an ideal 3D antiferromagnet with which to study this problem due to the single-ion anisotropy energies of the transition metal site which tend to order Ni2+ and Fe2+ spins perpendicular to each other. The magnetic phase diagram determined from these measurements was analyzed using mean field theory. Regions with uniaxial, oblique and easy plane anisotropy were identified. An anisotropy glass region was discovered where a Griffiths-like breakdown of long-range spin order occurs. 1Supported by the NSF (grant 0903861), the WVHEPC (Research Challenge Grant HEPC.dsr.12.29), the WVU Shared Research Facilities, and the DOE BES. 2Current address: Integrated Microscopy Center, The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152 David Lederman West Virginia University Date submitted: 15 Nov 2013 Electronic form version 1.4


Starting from assuming that the electrical zero-bias conductance in a metallic quantum dot may be represented well by the Breit–Wigner model (which, on the other hand, is certainly appropriate for one-atom metallic wires), the strength of the coupling between a metallic parabolic quantum dot and the involved leads is determined for maximum conductance through the dot. In fact, this maximal conductance is calculated and issues related to off-resonant conduction states are discussed.


Coronary computed tomography(CT)angiography has been recognized as the most rapidly developed imaging technique in the diagnosis of coronary artery disease due to the emergence and technological advances in multislice CT scanners.Coronary CT angiography has been confirmed to demonstrate high diagnostic and predictive value in coronary artery disease when compared to invasive coronary angiography.However,it suffers from high radiation dose which raises concerns in the medical field.Various dose-reduction strategies have been proposed with effective outcomes having been achieved to reduce radiation exposure to patients.This article provides an introduction and overview of the series of articles that will focus on each particular topic related to coronary CT angiography.


The nuclear receptor NR5A2 is well known to bind and be regulated by phospholipids even an exogenous plant phospholipid called DLPC was recently found to activate NR5A2 having dramatic anti-diabetic effects in the mouse liver. However, how those phospholipids leave cellular membrane systems and come to bind NR5A2 is completely unexplored. The most salient reason why this is such an understudied area of nuclear receptor biology is because the fluorescent tools needed to track phospholipid "movement" or "exchange" between NR5A2 and cellular membranes have not been developed. This pilot will develops those tools, levearging the outstanding expertise of the investigator to generate & purify stable complexes of NR5A2 bound to fluorophore labeled phosholipids. These tools will permit us to ask project-level questions about how NR5A2 comes to possess phospholipid, having implications for better modeling of NR5A2-mediated phospholipid physiology in the liver, better approaches for NR5A2 drug design efforts and a better understanding of how the exogneous phospholipid DLPC activates NR5A2.


Passive design was analysed as a promising strategy for sustainable housing design in developing countries, focussing on the climate of the central region of Chile. The main results were published as a manual that offers design assistance and recommendations for architects and building engineers. The main method to prepare the manual constituted parametric studies with a simulation program for a test cell and a model of a one family house with typical dimensions. These were realised with a specially prepared test reference year. New simple design tools permit to calculate basic thermal characteristics of a house, extending the application of international building codes. The characteristics of basic passive heating and cooling strategies were included based on special simulations. This permits a good estimation of the daily degree - hours of heat in summer and of cold in winter in a passive house with free-floating temperatures according to correlation formulae, which were elaborated with extensive thermal simulations and implemented in a spreadsheet. The manual includes a quantitative and qualitative thermal evaluation of the principal design aspects and systematic design recommendations with examples. The methodologies developed and adapted and the approach of design analysis are easily extendable to other climate zones.


Objective To investigate the the characteristics of traditional Chinese medical constitution of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM),and to explore the relationship of Chinese medical constitution types with the related risk factors.Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted in 147 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus,and the characteristics of their constitution as well as the relationship of constitution types with risk factors of insulin resistance index(IRI) and insulin sensitivity index(ISI)was analyzed.Results Yin-deficiency constitution(24.49%) was the main constitution types of T2DM,and then came blood-stasis constitution(14.29%),Qi-deficiency constitution(12.93%),phlegm-damp constitution(12.24%),normal constitution(8.84%),yang-deficiency constitution(6.80%),damp-heat constitution(10.20%),Qi-depression constitution(6.12%),and special constitution(4.08%).Yin-deficiency constitution showed significant difference with the other types of constitution(P 0.01).Phlegm-damp constitution had the highest IRI and the lowest ISI(P 0.01).Yin-deficiency constitution had the lowest function levels of islet beta cell(P0.05 or P0.01).All of the constitution types were correlated with diabetic risk factors such as smoking,alcohol consumption,body mass index(BMI),waist to hip ratio(WHR),fasting plasma glucose(FPG),fasting C-peptide,fasting insulin(FINS),HbA1c,lipids,and inflammatory factors to various degrees(P0.05 or P0.01).Conclusion The constitution types of T2DM patients are correlated with IRI and ISI.


The self-affine mode of ice softening during friction is investigated within the rheological model for viscoelastic medium approximation. The different modes of ice rubbing, determined by formation of surface liquid-like layer, are studied. The analysis of time series of friction force is carried out, namely Fourier analysis, construction of autocorrelation and difference autocorrelation functions. The spectral power law is detected for modes of crystalline ice as well as of a mixture of stable ice and metastable softening. The self-similarity and aperiodic character of corresponding time series of friction force are proved.


Surgery plays an important role in today's multidisciplinary approach to breast cancer. However, the extent of surgical procedures has decreased constantly over the last century since numerous trials have demonstrated the systemic character of the disease. Survival rates depend rather on tumor biology and a targeted systemic treatment than on the extent of tissue removal.

The long-term quality of life after breast cancer treatment is largely associated with the sequelae of surgical procedures. These relate to functional impairment as well as psychological distress. The introduction of breast-conserving therapy (BCT) has contributed significantly to an improvement in the quality of life of patients. In addition, surgeons have developed sophisticated techniques to preserve the breast or improve cosmetic outcome, even in unfavorable situations, by introducing oncoplastic surgery. A wide range of procedures have been introduced to allow primary or secondary reconstruction of the breast for those patients who still require mastectomy. With the sentinel node procedure, node-negative patients who do not require any further axillary treatment can be identified. However, full axillary dissection remains an important tool for node-positive patients, although its role in the subgroup of patients who are treated with BCT and radiotherapy is declining.

The objectives and the technical challenge for breast cancer surgery have changed significantly during the last few decades. The previous extensive standard operations intended to improve survival rates the surgical treatment of breast cancer have become extremely versatile and complex, although alone they contribute only modestly to survival in today's interdisciplinary treatment approach. Surgery is, however, an important tool to ensure locoregional control and preserve the quality of life with regards to function and psychological health. A large variety of procedures is needed to ensure these treatment goals.

Surgerical techniques for breast cancer are still in a process of evolution and improvement. These encompass new or more individualized indications and treatment concepts as well as advances in surgical technologies. This development is, however, associated with severe economic challenges.

In this issue of BREAST CARE four experienced breast surgeons present the most important issues that are currently being discussed in the field of breast cancer surgery. Individualized treatment approaches that reflect the specific tumor biology and treatment efficacy, as well as side effects and individual comorbidity, for each patient play an important role in today's oncology. How can evidence-based clinical guidelines be adapted to the individual situation of a patient, and how can the treatment objective of disease-free survival be weighed against quality of life in specific subgroups of patients? The article 'Extent of Primary Breast Cancer Surgery – Standards and Individual Concepts' by Heil and colleagues [1] examines these issues and reviews the existing literature for patient- and risk-adapted surgical strategies. This concerns margin status in BCT as well as the extent of skin/areola or nipple resection in mastectomy patients and the extent of lymph node surgery in women with node-negative or even node-positive disease. What role does age (e.g. very young patients, older women) or a family history of breast cancer play in the surgical decision making.

Thill [2] presents an excellent summary of new surgical options that are currently under evaluation. Reexcisions are a significant problem in the surgical management of breast cancer. Second interventions are associated with psychological problems for patients. They are also cost intensive and may lead to unfavorable cosmetic results. Several technical systems that can allow an intraoperative margin assessment are currently being evaluated. These techniques might reduce the reexcision rates in the future. Although the technical concept and preliminary results appear promising, further evaluation including a rigorous calculation of the cost effectiveness is required before these systems can be introduced into daily clinical routine. The same applies to improved technologies for the sentinel lymph node procedure (e.g. indigocyanin green fluorescence technique, hand-held SPECT for 3D visualization of the sentinel node, or the use of magnetic tracers) or the intraoperative histological assessment of sentinel lymph nodes by one-step nucleic acid amplification (OSNA). Radioguided occult lesion localization (ROLL), which may be combined with conventional wire localization, appears a promising technique to improve the localization of non-palpable lesions and reduce the resection volume. Ultrasound as a new surgical dissection tool requires an evidence-based demonstration of an improvement in well-defined endpoints (e.g. seroma formation and operation time) before standard techniques are modified and additional costs can be justified. The introduction of acellular dermal matrices (ADM) represents an important improvement in breast reconstruction. ADMs help provide an improved formation of the lower breast pole and the inframammary fold, especially in patients with insufficient autologous implant coverage. The high material costs, however, still restrict the wide use of ADM in clinical routine. In summary, the author concludes that promising new technologies are available to provide more individuality and less radicality in breast cancer surgery, but the relationship between efficacy and costs needs to be well balanced for each technology presented.

BRCA mutation carriers have a high life-long risk for developing ipsilateral and/or contralateral breast cancer. Prophylactic surgery can play an important role for the primary prevention of breast cancer. Individual patient counseling is mandatory for these patients. Recommendations require precise knowledge of the primary oncological risks and the effect of primary (surgery) or secondary (intensified surveillance) prevention strategies. Nestle-Kramling [3] gives an excellent overview of the numerous issues related to breast cancer surgery in BRCA mutation carriers. Besides the oncological aspects, this includes a wide range of surgical procedures and strategic considerations (timing of reconstruction, uni- or bilateral procedures).

In his article 'Breast Cancer Surgery and Financial Reimbursement' [4], Hoffmann explains the evolution of the German payment system. The classification for breast cancer interventions has been considerably improved through the new Operation and Treatment Procedure Classification (OPS) introduced in 2012. This new classification is based on a clear and complexity-based model developed by Hoffmann and Wallwiener that reflects the resource usage of different surgical procedures. The improvement of the classification system for surgical procedures does, however, not necessarily translate into the diagnosis-related group (DRG) that is the basis for the reimbursement for the clinical institutions. Therefore, the current payment system does not reflect the complexity of today's breast cancer surgery, a fact that must be considered when cost-intensive technical improvement is being discussed. On the other hand, lymph node surgery as a 'cost-triggering' procedure is constantly being reduced, rendering the economic situation for breast centers even more critical. In today's multidisciplinary approach, the expenses for a patient are rather defined by multiple clinical and psychological services and less dependent on specific surgical procedures. It appears doubtful if the current, exclusively surgery-driven payment system is suited to promoting clinical and surgical progress.


In 1960, I.S. Reed and G. Solomon introduced a family of error-correcting codes that are doubly blessed. The codes and their generalizations are useful in practice, and the mathematics that lies behind them is interesting. In the first section we give the basic properties and structure of the generalized Reed-Solomon codes, and in the second section we describe in detail one method of algebraic decoding that is quite efficient.


High‐concentration "water‐in‐salt" (WIS) electrolytes with the wider electrochemical stability window (ESW) can give rise to safe, non‐flammable, and high‐energy aqueous potassium‐ion energy storage devices, thus highlighting the prospect for applications in grid‐scale energy storage. However, WIS electrolytes usually depend on highly concentrated salts, leading to serious concerns about cost and sustainability. Here, an aqueous low‐concentration‐based potassium‐ion hybrid electrolyte is demonstrated with the regulated core‐shell‐solvation structure by using an aprotic solvent, i.e., trimethyl phosphate, to limit the water activity. This aqueous hybrid electrolyte has a low salt concentration (1.6 mol L−1) of potassium trifluoromethanesulfonate but with an expanded ESW up to 3.4 V and the nonflammable property. Based on this dilute aqueous hybrid electrolyte, electrochemical double‐layer capacitors are capable of working within a large voltage range (0–2.4 V) at a wide range of temperatures from −20 to 60 °C. An aqueous potassium‐ion battery consisting of an organic 3,4,9,10‐perylenetetracarboxylic diimide anode, Prussian blue K1.5Mn0.61Fe0.39[Fe(CN)6]0.77·H2O cathode and this dilute aqueous hybrid electrolyte can operate well at rates between 0.2 and 4.0 C and deliver a high energy density of 66.5 Wh kg−1 as well as a durable cycling stability with a capacity retention of 84.5% after 600 cycles at 0.8 C.


A professional documentation management system is conducive to the standardization of information systems management consulting firms,and promoting services standardization;in understanding the development of Information System Engineering on the basis of the status quo,the system is described to introduce the system resources types,user types and system architecture,respectively,from the classification system management,rights management,data management,information retrieval and statistical analysis of five aspects of the system's main function of the design and implementation;the use of Web2.0 technologies and java programming language,developed a document management system for the supervision of enterprise information systems and information technology projects a professional business management system,to further promote the IT service industry.


The present paper reviews some intriguing connections which link together a new renormalization technique, the theory of -representations of infinite dimensional - Lie algebras, quantum probability, white noise and stochastic calculus and the theory of classical and quantum infinitely divisible processes.


The Raman spectra of GaAs and InP implanted with Be ions with fluences ranging from 5×1012 to 1×1016 cm−2 were investigated. A marked difference in the behavior of the TO and LO modes with respect to broadening with fluence was observed and the results indicate that this is caused by frequency dependent anharmonic damping constants. The Raman spectra of high fluence samples are interpreted in terms of disorder‐induced first‐order Raman spectra due to phonons with nonzero wave vectors. The similarities between our ''Reduced Raman Spectra'' of the disordered form and the theoretical one‐phonon density of states, are presented without introducing Gaussian broadening as suggested by earlier authors studying amorphous materials. The observations support the conclusion that the form essentially retains the short‐range order of the crystalline phase; the phonon spectrum of the crystal is largely determined only by near‐neighbor interactions; and the existence of a frequency‐dependent coupling constant for the sc...


Part 1 The Government Gendarmerie, 1910-1921: formation and early years the impact of the First World War the Muhajirat and the National Government of Kirmanshah the reconstruction of the Government Gendarmerie. Part 2 The Cossacks, 1906-1921: the constitutional period, 1906-1914 war and revolution, 1914-1917 the Cossack division under Colonel Starroselsky the Cossack division and the 1921 coup d'etat. Part 3 1921 - The Cossack ascendancy: the destruction of the Gendarmerie Colonel Muhammad Taqi Khan Pasyan and the Gendarme regime in Mashhad. Part 4 The construction of the new army, 1921-1926: structure and organisation finance recruitment education and training arms and ammunition - auxiliary services the air force, navy, Amniyyah and police operations. Part 5 Discontent and disaffection, 1921-1926: the ex-Gendarmes republicanism and royalism intrigues within the high command pay and conditions - the mutinies of 1926. Part 6 Civil-military relations, 1921-1926: the Cabinet and the Majlis the Shah the military ascendancy over the civil authorities the military and the civil population. Conclusion. Appendix A - biographical notes. Appendix B - ranks and rates of pay. Appendix C - the "will" of Ali Quli Khan Pasyan.


Public and private entities have cooperated in drawing up guides, databases and sites providing exhaustive and useful information to help disabled people to visit cultural heritage places and various interesting areas as easy as possible. Barrier-Free Design is rapidly becoming an integrated practice internationally in cultural heritage accessibility. Thus, this paper will explore and apply the universal approach as the means by which the cultural heritage sites could be modified into heritage conservation accessible for all users. Any changes to heritage places need to consider the impact on the values of the heritage itself.
 Set within Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS), there are six comprising countries. In this connection, the paper is based on three scenarios namely: Wonders of Natural Landscape, Built Heritage, and Historical Town. The lack of consultation with two groups of respondents, experts referring to those stakeholders with professional role to play in relation to the survey of spaces and non-experts who are the general public, is a contributing factor. Consequently, the methodology of this study involves the preference judgment scale, open-ended questions and illustrations.


∗Components for a modular, reflective photovoltaic concentrator have been designed and demonstrated to support missions that operate in near-sun conditions and inner planetary orbits. In near sun conditions, the apparent width of the solar disk increases and the collimation angle of sunlight increases above its nominal value of +/-0.25 degrees at 1AU (earth orbit). The Deep Space Concentrator uses this property of sunlight, a high concentration ratio and a photovoltaic receiver with an aperture stop, to limit the temperature increase at the solar cell. The development of mirror, photovoltaic receiver and aperture stop components for testing in a Mercury-like relevant environment is described.