Today's real-time economy is characterized by three phenomena: hyperlinking, hyper-competition and hyper-turbulence (Tapscott 1999; Siegele 2002). As a result, management, which is responsible for designing social systems (Remer 2003), is confronted with high complexity and dynamics. However, conventional management seems not to be capable enough to cope with highly complex and dynamic situations (Hülsmann and Berry 2004) due to limited ability of human beings to obtain and analyze information (Simon 1957). The concept of self-organization might contribute to social systems' competence and thus to managing complexity and dynamics (Hülsmann and Wycisk 2005). The concept of self-organization has its roots in various natural sciences and has been studied by quite a few natural scientists (Foerster 1960, Prigogine 1971, Haken 1983, Maturana and Varela 1982). The original idea that self-organization could enable spontaneous formation of order (Prigogine and Glansdorff 1971; Maturana and Varela 1987) inspires interests of researchers from management science. Probst claims that the idea of self-organization enriches management theories by giving new interpretations to key aspects of the conventional management approaches such as planning, organizing and motivating (Probst 1984). However, in management science, research on self-organization is dispersed, with different angles of observation and a variety of terms used as synonymies. Consequently, this lack of an overarching framework for studying self-organization may impede the recognition and application of this concept in management science.


On the viewpoint of topographical location Orient and Occident are two sides of the globe.Socially,culturally,linguistically,
traditionally, politically, philosophically and psychologically both are two entirely different entities. Rudyard Kipling wrote
the poem titled 'The Ballad of East and West' in which he said "Oh, East is East, and West is West, and never the twain shall
meet"(Jouhki,2006,p 01).However,when the matter of meditation,religion,spirituality,devotion,high spirits,deep feelings
and beliefs etc.arises it is observable that Occident tends to go in line with Orient.But unfortunately due to false beliefs both
eastern and western scholars took no importance of East on the West and it has been made to notice that only Orient has
learnt from the Occident.Kipling expressed further "But there is neither East nor West,Border,nor Breed,nor Birth,When two
strong men stand face to face, tho' they come from the ends of the earth!" (Jouhki, 2006, p 15).The present paper tries to
explore the influence of Orient to Occident especially in the frame of the reference of Buddhism


We explore a wearables and sensors centric approach for collecting data in built environments. In addition, we propose a design methodology as a focus to assist in the design of applications and experiments for affective computing. The implications of such systems is to aid in the reproducibility of experiments and better intelligent systems.


Background Epidemiological studies in the past have focused on meteorological conditions, pollution and pollen and their relationship with symptoms of bronchial hyper‐reactivity, however, there are no epidemiological studies which examine a wide range of such factors and determine their role in nasal hyper‐reactivity.


In 1964, the Alaska margin ruptured in a giant Mw 9.2 megathrust earthquake, the second largest during worldwide instrumental recording. The coseismic slip and aftershock region offshore Kodiak Island was surveyed in 1977–1981 to understand the region's tectonics. We re-processed multichannel seismic (MCS) field data using current standard Kirchhoff depth migration and/or MCS traveltime tomography. Additional surveys in 1994 added P-wave velocity structure from wide-angle seismic lines and multibeam bathymetry. Published regional gravity, backscatter, and earthquake compilations also became available at this time.
 Beneath the trench, rough oceanic crust is covered by ∼3–5-km-thick sediment. Sediment on the subducting plate modulates the plate interface relief. The imbricate thrust faults of the accreted prism have a complex P-wave velocity structure. Landward, an accelerated increase in P-wave velocities is marked by a backstop splay fault zone (BSFZ) that marks a transition from the prism to the higher rigidity rock beneath the middle and upper slope. Structures associated with this feature may indicate fluid flow. Farther upslope, another fault extends >100 km along strike across the middle slope. Erosion from subducting seamounts leaves embayments in the frontal prism.
 Plate interface roughness varies along the subduction zone. Beneath the lower and middle slope, 2.5D plate interface images show modest relief, whereas the oceanic basement image is rougher. The 1964 earthquake slip maximum coincides with the leading and/or landward flank of a subducting seamount and the BSFZ. The BSFZ is a potentially active structure and should be considered in tsunami hazard assessments.


In the initial stages of North Queensland settlement, dwellings were predominantly hand-made and of local materials, including a large number of temporary and makeshift shelters. 1 Increased length of residence soon led to a desire amongst many settlers for dwellings that were larger, more weatherproof and more permanent. New materials were introduced which led to improved housing quality. Some of these new materials, particularly milled timber and galvanised iron, determined for better or worse the character of northern domestic architecture for more than fifty years.


The integration of the Spanish university in the European Higher Education Area entails a series of challenges, which, if an appropriate approach is taken, must lead to a necessary improvement in the quality of teaching, research and university management.


Pressure oscillations can occur in combustion systems due to columns of gas communicating between the combustion chamber and supply lines. In control system terms, a feedback circuit is set up between an excitation chamber and a resonance chamber. The pressure oscillations can be suppressed by interrupting this feedback circuit; this can be achieved using a suitable designed burner


Many researchers stressed the importance of physical effects in the synthesis and analysis of artefacts. Murakoshi and Taura [1998] feel that synthesising artefacts directly from physical effects is hard since effects have been created and described by scientists primarily for explanation of phenomena rather than for synthesising artefacts that embody these phenomena – and synthesis using them requires more than straightforward application. Therefore, in the current form, effect representations are ill-equipped in aiding synthesis in a substantial way. However, a detailed study, of why this should be the case and to what extent we could support analysis and synthesis directly using physical effects, is yet to be carried out. In analysis, visualisation of qualitative state changes using a structural level of artefact description is possible using 'envisionment'[de Kleer and Brown, 1984; Forbus, 1984; Kuipers, 1986]. These, however, do not deal much with the functionality (or intended, higher level behaviour) of artefacts, which must also be part of analysis. Also, the description used in qualitative reasoning is far less detailed than that which an artefact description must be at in order to be implementable – a requirement of the design process. The goal of this work is to support behavioural analysis and synthesis of artefacts directly using physical effects.We ask two broad questions: · Why is it hard to design or explain directly using physical effects? · Given this, what can still be done in terms of supporting the above activities?


The 'Werkgroep Informatica' at the Faculty of Theol ogy of VU University Amsterdam (WIVU) occupies a distinct position in Old Testamen t scholarship in the Netherlands since its foundation in 1977. Building up an electronic datab se of the Masoretic Text of the Old Testament, the WIVU developed a powerful instrument for biblical scholars to explore the Hebrew Bible. In addition, the members of the WIVU made clear why computer-assisted research is relevant for the study of the Old Testa ment. They showed that a database provides an instrument for Semitists, exegetes, and Bible tr anslators to analyze the linguistic patterns in a text, without paying too much attention to the li t rary composition in which they are employed. As a result, the analysis of the text wil l be more based on the available textual data, and, as a result, less ad hoc. The close connection between the WIVU database and the methodological line of thinking is possibly the main reason why the WIVU p ersisted during the last thirty-five years, while several other computer projects that started in the seventies and the eighties of the previous century did not survive. 2 A further reason may be the fact that this approac h was used not only for the analysis of the Hebrew text of the Old Testament, but also for other ancient Semitic texts, both biblical and non-biblical. Describing the history of the WIVU, this paper int e ds to show the close relationship between the WIVU database and its methodological li ne of thinking. In doing so, it seeks to explain how the WIVU developed in the course of tim e and how it will deal with the challenges of the near future.


Environmental Pollution 212 (2016) 238e250 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Environmental Pollution journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/envpol Pollution by metals and toxicity assessment using Caenorhabditis elegans in sediments from the Magdalena River, Colombia * Lesly Tejeda-Benitez a , Russell Flegal b , Kingsley Odigie b , Jesus Olivero-Verbel a, * a b Environmental and Computational Chemistry Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, 130014, Colombia Environmental Toxicology, WIGS Laboratory, University of California at Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t Article history: Received 8 November 2015 Received in revised form 16 January 2016 Accepted 20 January 2016 Available online 4 February 2016 The Magdalena River is the most important river in Colombia, supplying over 70% of the population of fish and drinking water, and it also is the main river transportation way of the country. It receives ef- fluents from multiple sources along its course such as contaminant agricultural and industrial discharges. To evaluate the toxicity profile of Magdalena River sediments through endpoints such as survival, locomotion, and growth, wild type strains of Caenorhabditis elegans were exposed to aqueous extracts of the sediments. To identify changes in gene expression, GFP transgenic strains were used as reporter genes. Physiological and biochemical data were correlated with metal concentration in the sediments, identifying patterns of toxicity along the course of the river. Levels of some metals such as Cd, Cu, and Ni were above TEC and PEC limits. Effects in survival, growth, and locomotion were observed in most of the samples, and changes in gene expression were evident in the genes mtl-2, sod-4, and gst-1 using fluo- rescence expression. Cadmium and lead were the metals which were primarily associated with sediment toxicity, and the sampling sites with the highest increased expression of stress response genes were Barrancabermeja and Girardot. However, the diverse nature of toxic profiles observed in C. elegans in the study area showed the pervasiveness of different types of discharges throughout the river system. © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Magdalena River Nematode Survival GFP reporter gene Colombia Metals 1. Introduction The Magdalena River with a length of 1612 km and drainage area of 257,400 km 2 is considered a world-class river and the most important Andean river system in South America in terms of sediment yield (Gottschalk et al., 2015; Restrepo and Kjerfve, 2000), representing the largest contributing source of sediment and freshwater to the Caribbean Sea (Higgins et al., 2015; Restrepo et al., 2014). It discharges 560 t km 2 each year, being one with the highest rates of sediment transport in the world, and the highest in South America (Restrepo et al., 2006a). Thus, the impact of sedi- ment pollutants from the Magdalena River in the Caribbean is of special concern, as the disappearance of coral reefs and sea grass in this marine ecosystem has been attributed to sediment input from this waterbody (Moreno et al., 2015; Restrepo and Syvitski, 2006). This paper has been recommended for acceptance by Sarah Michele Harmon. * Corresponding author. E-mail addresses: firstname.lastname@example.com (L. Tejeda-Benitez), flegal@ucsc. edu (R. Flegal), email@example.com (K. Odigie), email@example.com (J. Olivero-Verbel). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2016.01.057 0269-7491/© 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. The pollution derived from the Magdalena River is a clear consequence of its river basin management. The land-use practices and the deforestation associated with increasing rates of urbani- zation, expansion of agriculture, pasture, mining activities and illicit crops in Colombia have disrupted the natural hydrographs in this basin, leading to deterioration of critical habitats and biodi- versity (Caballero et al., 2015; Restrepo and Syvitski, 2006; Restrepo et al., 2006b; Restrepo, 2008). Seventy-nine percent of the population of Colombia, including its main cities, Bogota, Medellin, Cali, and Barranquilla, are located in the Magdalena watershed, corresponding approximately to 38 million inhabitants (Restrepo et al., 2006b). Most of the country's population depends on it as a source of water and food. Several towns in Colombia lack municipal wastewater treatment plants, affecting ecosystems and biodiversity (Baron et al., 2013; Blackman, 2009) by direct discharge of pollutants into the river, including municipal and in- dustrial sewage, contaminated wastes from mining, petroleum- related activities, and agriculture runoff. The Bogota River, one of its major pollutant contributors has heavy metal concentrations above permitted levels (Mancera and Alvarez, 2006; Olivero- Verbel, 2012). Pollutant discharges from mining and other


1. Prior-Re scher Family of Product Systems.* Let S be an arbitrary sentential system of m-valued truth-functional logic, m ^ 2. Following the notational conventions of Rescher ([6], p. 99), we mean by Uk(S) the truthfunctional system that is the &-fold product of S with itself. That is, the truth values of Π&(S) are the k -tuples of the truth values of S, and the semantics of Uk(S) is based on the semantics of S in the following way. Let <8> be an n-ary connective. Then ®((cej, . . . , α£), . . . , (αj, . . . , <φ) is <®(αί, . . . , # ? ) , . . . , ®(α$, . . . , af)). Rescher observes that there are two plausible ways to treat truth-value designation in IΊ&(S). One might regard a truth value (al9 . . . , ak) as designated in Uk(S) iff (a) each member of ( « ! , . . . , ak) is designated in S, or iff (b) at least one member of (a1, . . . , oik) is designated in S. Both alternatives lead to exactly the same theses for all the product systems discussed in this paper, so it is a matter of indifference which is chosen. For the sake of definiteness we adopt alternative (a). Again following Rescher's notation (ibid.), by Π^o(S) we mean the denumerable product of S with itself. That is, the truth values of ΠNO(S) a r e the denumerable sequences (aί9 a2, a39 . . .) of the truth values of S, and the semantics of Π^0(S) is based on that of S in the same way that the semantics of Π&(S) is based on the semantics of S. In [6], p. 195, Rescher considers the family of systems Π^(S) and Π^o(S) , which we call the Prior-Re scher family of product systems. In all these systems the underlying truth-functional logic S has a " t r u e s t " designated value t and a " falsest" nondesignated value f. One obtains Uk(S) + by supplementing ΐlk(S) with the singulary operator D whose semantics is given as follows. The value of DA is the β-tuple (t, . . . , t) if the value of A is that same &-tuple; otherwise, the value of DA is the &-tuple <f, . . . , f) . Similarly, one gets Π^o(S) + by supplementing Π^0(S)


Colleges and universities are the main forces in the system of carrying out life-long education. With the development of technology innovation and knowledge economy. World wide attention has been paid to the thought of life-long education. As far as the life-long education is concerned, the paper discusses the function and value of the system, analyses the fundamental conditions and problems existing in it and on its base puts forward some related countermeasures.


Weedy and invasive plants threaten our food supply, native biodiversity, and the structure and function of ecosystems. The number and impact of these damaging plants are expected to continue to grow with ongoing global change. Some of the most common policy tools to help mitigate this threat are regulatory weed lists, which limit the importation and movement of listed plant species, but there has never been a comprehensive analysis of plants regulated in the United States. We analyzed US state regulatory lists (e.g., noxious, invasive, prohibited) to evaluate their composition, patterns of listing, congruities with weed distributions, and limitations. In total, 46 states maintain regulatory weed lists that include 3210 total listings of 1249 unique species; 48% of them are introduced, 40% are native, and 12% are not yet found in the United States. Overall, the listed species are not a good reflection of the weeds in each state, and listing appears largely reactive, regulating species after they become widespread. We highlight patterns and incongruities among lists and discuss their implications, especially the large number of regulated species native to the United States.


First correction to the high-energy asymptotics of the total $e^+e^-$ photoproduction cross section in the electric field of a heavy atom is obtained with the exact account of this field. The consideration is based on the use of the quasiclassical electron Green function in an external electric field. The influence of screening on the Coulomb corrections is examined in the leading approximation. It turns out that the high-energy asymptotics of the corresponding correction is independent of the photon energy. The detailed comparison of our results with experimental data is performed. This comparison has justified the analytical result and allowed us to elaborate a simple ansatz for the next-to-leading correction. Using this ansatz, good agreement with the experimental data is obtained for photon energies above a few $MeV$. In the region where both produced particles are relativistic, the corrections to the high-energy asymptotics of the electron (positron) spectrum are obtained. In addition, analogous corrections to the bremsstrahlung spectrum are derived starting from the corresponding results for pair production.


Australian Museum science is fre ly accessible online at www.aust ra l ianmuseum.net .au/publ icat ions / 6 College Street, Sydney NSW 2010, Austral ia at re c lt re isc r Ponder, Winston F., and E. K. Yoo, 1976. A revision of the Australian and tropical Indo-Pacific Tertiary and Recent species of Pisinna (=Estea) (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Rissoidae). Records of the Australian Museum 30(10): 150–247. [26 July 1976].


ABSTRACT
The topic that choose was to study the relationship between family conflict and job performance among non-academic staffs in the University Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Jengka,Pahang. The questionnaire was being distributed and used as instrument to collect the data that needed in order to complete this research and used as instrument to collect the data that needed in order to complete this research paper. The data that had been collected were analysed via IBM SPSS Statistics 21.0 software. There are 7 staff from non-academic that are been chosen as the respondent. This research paper convenience sampling. Based on the findings, there is significant relationship between work family conflict and job performance which is work to family conflict (r=.017,n=75)but it was weak relationship. Meanwhile ,family to work conflict (r=019,n=75) which is also significant relationship but have weak relationship. For the cooperative strategy (r=.147, n=75)was not significant relationship and also have negative and weak relationship .There are some recommendations that can be implementing by UiTM Jengka to improve the job performance of the employees. Other than that ,the researcher for future research should conduct study at other industry other than education industry to find the variety of the finding in their research


Biosynthesis of the ansamycin antibiotic actamycin (2) was markedly increased by the addition of the precursor 3-amino-5-hydroxybenzoic acid (1) to the producing Streptomyces fermentation. Similar addition of the 4-chloro, 6-chloro, N-methyl and O-methyl analogues 4, 6, 5 and 7 of the amino acid 1 reduced actamycin production and did not yield structurally modified ansamycins. These results with the analogues 4, 5 and 7 indicate that the corresponding chlorine, N-methyl and O-methyl substituents present in the nuclei of various ansamycins are introduced at biosynthetic stages beyond the level of the amino acid 1.


Background and ObjectivesTo investigate the risk factors of presacral abscess after radical resection of middle and low rectal cancer. MethodsClinical data of 2279 patients with middle and low rectal cancer in the department of Colorectal Surgery at the Changhai Hospital of the Second Military Medical University from January 2015 to December 2018 were analyzed retrospectively. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to find the risk factors of presacral abscess using Chi-square test and Logistic regression, respectively. ResultsThe median age of all cases was 62 years. Of the 27 cases with presacral abscess, 22 were males and 5 were females. 12 cases were low rectal cancer and 15 cases were middle rectal cancer. Univariate Chi-square test indicated that the relative factors associated with the presacral abscess were tumor size, operative time, blood loss, T stage lesions, receiving preoperative radiotherapy and with preventive terminal ileostomy. Multivariate analysis showed that tumor size, operative time, blood loss, receiving preoperative radiotherapy and with preventive terminal ileostomy were the independent risk factors. ConclusionsPatients with big tumor size, long operative time, high blood loss and preoperative radiotherapy are high-risk groups of presacral abscess after radical resection of middle and low rectal cancer.


Objectives: To investigate an eco-friendly method to enhance the solubility of Mefenamic acid. The present investigation was to employ these hydrotropic solutions to extract the drugs from their dosage forms, precluding the use of costlier and harmful organic solvents. Methodology: Mefenamic acid was analyzed by using UV Visible spectrophotometer (Model 1800, Shimadzu), and its solubility (poorly water-soluble drug) measured by mixed solvency method. Sodium caprylate solution was used as a hydrotropic solubilizing agent. Findings: The solubility of the Mefenamic acid drug in water was very low at about 0.2 mg/ml and the solubility of Mefenamic acid in the 20% sodium caprylate solution was 10 mg/ml. The value of percentage estimation obtained was from 98.6 (tablet II) to 98.8 (tablet I). This value is obtained near to 100% hence, we can say that the proposed method is correct. Standard deviation (0.173 to 0.346), percentage coefficient of variation (0.175 to 0.350) and the value of standard error (0.101 to 0.202) are also very low to validate the accuracy of the proposed method. Novelty: Mixed solvency concept can be utilized for spectrophotometric estimation of poorly water-soluble drugs from their bulk drug samples to avoid the use of organic solvents that provide a new, economical, environmentally friendly, safe, and reliable analytical mechanism.
Keywords: Mixed solvency; solubility; hydrotropic; mefenamic acid; sodium caprylate


Inheritance of the nodal positon for first female flower bud in luffa(Luffa cylindrica Roem.) in P_1,P_2,F_1,B_1,B_2 and F_2 from two crosses Wuyexiangsigua×Duanyuantongsigua(L1×L2) and Duanyuantongsigua×Shexingsigua(L2×L3) were investigated by the mixed major gene plus polygene-gene inheritance model of quantitative traits.The joint analysis results showed that the nodal positon for first female flower bud of the cross L1×L2 was controlled by two adding-dominance-epistatic major gene plus adding-dominance polygene model,another cross L2×L3 was controlled by one adding-dominance major gene plus adding-dominance polygene model.Heritability values(of major genes+ polygenes) of the cross L1×L2 of B_1,B_2 and F_2 population was estimated as 66.13%,51.29% and 68.27% respectively;the cross L2×L3 of B_1,B_2 and F_2 population was estimated as 82.02%,64.87% and 65.62% respectively.Environment VAR of the cross L1×L2 of B_1,B_2 and F_2 population was 34.27%,55.40% and 34.38% in total VAR respectively;while the cross L2×L3 of B_1,B_2 and F_2 population was 34.27%,55.40% and 34.38% respectively.We concluded that the node for first female flower bud in luffa(Luffa cylindrica Roem.) was quantitative traits and was controlled by major gene(s) with polygenes;early matured(lower node) was made by hybrid vigor impossibly;directional selection was effective on the nodal positon for first female flower bud;heritability values of the crosses was instability and environment play an important role in the trait inheritance.


This paper analyzes the current status of the intersection traffic congestion calculation and proposes a method of calculating the intersection traffic congestion and classifying intersection. This method adopts the average delay, saturation and queue length as the index to calculate intersection congestion. 10 intersections, Baotou city, were taken as example to analyze finally, the results show that classification results was more accurate


As switched capacitor (SC) immittance simulation circuits based on the bilinear z transformation, circuits are proposed that realize the inductor (L) as the linear system of s, and the FDNC (D) and FDNR (M) as the quadratic systems. The circuit configuration is separated into the feedback circuit and the immittance realization unit and their realizations are constructed. Since the UGB (Unity Gain Buffer) with a simple circuit is used in the active circuit for these units, one can expect low power consumption, small chip areas and high-speed operation. All the proposed circuits can be constructed with a binary phase clock. The element values can be determined only by one capacitance value comprising the feedback circuit and the sampling period. With respect to the inductor and the FDNC, the parallel resistance and capacitance generated by the choice of the capacitance value are investigated. With respect to FDNR, it is shown that an M-L-C-R parallel circuit with arbitrary values of M and L can be obtained by simply adding one set of feedback circuits. Finally, as an application of the proposed circuit, a low-pass filter, a bandpass filter and a high-pass filter are constructed. Their operations are confirmed by the experiments using individual components.


Abstract Objective Cells in the vocal fold of maculae flavae are likely to be tissue stem cells. Energy metabolism of the cells in newborn maculae flavae was investigated from the aspect of mitochondrial microstructure. Method Five normal newborn vocal folds were investigated under transmission electron microscopy. Results Mitochondria consisted of a double membrane bounded body containing matrices and a system of cristae. However, these membranes were ambiguous. In each mitochondrion, the lamellar cristae were sparse. Intercristal space was occupied by a mitochondrial matrix. Some mitochondria had fused to lipid droplets and rough endoplasmic reticulum, and both the mitochondrial outer and inner membranes had incarcerated and disappeared. Conclusion The features of the mitochondria of the cells in the newborn maculae flavae showed that their metabolic activity and oxidative phosphorylation were low. The metabolism of the cells in the newborn maculae flavae seems to be favourable to maintain the stemness and undifferentiation of the cells.


Fisetin (3, 7, 3', 4'-tetrahydroxyflavone) is an active ingredient characterized by a large spectrum of biological activities with a wide range of nutraceutical properties, including neuroprotecting, antidiabetic and suppression or prevention of tumors. The only drawback limiting its use is its low water solubility. The present work was focused on the solubility improvement of fisetin using spray-drying solid dispersion method, using also cyclodextrin polymers and which is extensively employed as technique to enhance poorly-water soluble compounds. Fisetin solubility was evaluated in the presence of poly-aβ-CD, poly-aγ-CD, poly-aβγ-CD and poly-methyl-β-CD by Higuchi solubility study. Spherical Amorphous solid dispersion formulations were prepared using polymethyl- β-CD (choice of the polymer was based on the better results of solubility study) at different ratios drug: polymer (1:1) and (1:3). In addition, different formulations were investigated using several techniques such as: Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), NMR and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The in vitro dissolution was performed in water at 37°C. The results of dissolution studies showed a complete dissolution observed with the formulation ratio 1:3 while the formulation ratio 1:1 showed a maximum dissolution rate about 59%. This difference is due to the formation of watersoluble inclusion complex and on the other hand to the high hydrophilicity of the cyclodextrin polymer.


Purpose of review Successful roll-out of paediatric antiretroviral therapy (ART) has led to a significant increase in survival of adolescents and young people growing up with HIV. Those on suppressive ART since childhood represent a unique group particularly well positioned to interrupt ART and achieve post-treatment control (PTC), or HIV remission. This maybe a consequence of early and sustained treatment since infancy, the small size of the HIV reservoir, the presence of a functioning thymus and a more 'flexible' immune system better able to respond to novel immune therapeutic interventions when compared with adults who acquired HIV at a time of immunological maturity and thymic involution. Recent findings In the past year, there have been additional case reports of post-treatment viral control amongst perinatally acquired HIV adolescents and young adults (PaHIV-AYA). In this article, we review and compare the characteristics of PTC in PaHIV-AYA and discuss the potential implications of these observations for the growing population of adolescents living with HIV. The correlation between low levels of HIV DNA and seroreversion may provide a feasible screening tool to select candidates most suitable for future intervention studies and viral remission. Conclusion Whilst it is premature to anticipate an HIV cure, there is much anticipation that with early ART and additional interventions to perturb the residual viral reservoir, future viral remission off ART might be feasible for PaHIV-AYA. However, given the safety and effectiveness of current ART, a critical debate must evaluate the risks against benefits of any novel intervention, especially amongst adolescents as they become sexually active.


With the use of a closed metal loop, a recent study proposed a methodology to analytically predict and further approximate the electromagnetic field (EMF) distribution and strength of an emitting printed circuit board, even at very large distances. The basic idea was based on small loop theory together with the existence of generated artificial sources due to mirrored image loops. This paper focuses on image theory verification using full-wave simulations, providing a detailed analysis of the produced equivalent image sources due to finite-size radiators and grounds. This study clearly highlights the reasoning behind that methodology, particularly how image theory should also be reapplied to conventional image sources, which was not explicitly elaborated in a previous paper. That makes it possible to use the analytical formulations of a loop in free space to approximate EMFs in the presence of finite size radiating conductors. For example, in automotive compliance testing where a minimum test distance of 1 m up to 10 m is required, it can avoid using costly practical setups or computationally intensive full-wave simulations.


The power grid's ability of accepting distributed generation(DG) can be lifted by mimicking the grid-connected inverter as synchronous generator,however there is a larger impulse current at the grid-connecting moment of synchronverter,for this reason,a pre-synchronization method for grid-connection is proposed.Firstly,the principle of synchronverter is presented and the existing troubles during its grid-connection are analyzed.On this basis,a pre-synchronization method for grid-connection is given and the design of phase-lock loop is described,meanwhile the design of the main circuit and control parameters are presented.Finally,experimental verification of the proposed method is performed by a prototype with the capacity of 10 k W and experimental results show that the proposed method is effective.


Four decades after the construction of the Sobradinho Dam, the consequences associated with the modification of the course of the San Francisco River can be verified through the environmental impacts on the use of the land: the cultivation of rice through flooding has changed to cultivation in "Irrigated Perimeters" in the San Francisco Sergipano Low Valley. Currently, the shortage of agricultural technicians, water distribution in the crops along with the increase in rat plagues, and fish farming in the irrigated perimeters are some of the consequences that have brought about economic losses for the farmers, in addition to the potential loss of traditional rice cultivation in the valley. This article is a case study which compares the characteristics between traditional and current models in the use of land and production systems, the advantages and disadvantages of the Irrigated Perimeters and the restoration strategies for this area. A tendency to return to traditional agricultural work both with and without the help of technology was discovered in this study. Future prospects for sustainable development depend on government action taken with respect to the San Francisco River.


A brief summary is presented of results pertinent to strange quark spectroscopy derived from high statistics data on K/sup /minus//p interactions obtained with the LASS spectrometer at SLAC.


The 93W/Ni/QSn4-3 joint was prepared by diffusion bonding at vacuum using pure nickel foil as interface layer. The microstructure and composition were characterized by SEM and EPMA. The tensile strength of joint was also measured. The test results show that Ni foil improves the tensile strength of 93W/Ni/QSn4-3 joint. The thickness of Ni interlayer becomes thiner obviously because of the diffusion layer between Ni element of Ni foil and W and additional elements of 93W alloy,as well as the gradient layer of Ni and Cu elements. Solution reactions between Ni element of Ni foil and Cu element of QSn4-3 alloy,W and additional elements of 93W alloy achieve the joint of 93W/Ni/QSn4-3,that is why tensile strength of 93W/Ni/QSn4-3 joint welded is improved.


The invention discloses a method for processing a glass fiber reinforced plastic die. The method comprises the following steps of: controlling an ultraviolet beam to continuously scan photosensitive resin by utilizing computer technology to produce a female die; treating the surface of the female die, and improving the die joint; uniformly spraying a die gel coating material on the female die by utilizing a gel coating spray gun to form a gel coating layer; preparing an epoxy resin solution to serve as a raw material of the glass fiber reinforced plastic die; spreading a glass fiber layer outside the initially set gel coating layer to produce the glass fiber reinforced plastic die; demolding, grinding and polishing. According to the method, the die gel coating material is sprayed on the die by utilizing the gel coating spray gun, so that the phenomena of multiple pores, sagging, color-separating and the like of the gel coating layer can be avoided, the working efficiency and product quality can be improved, the rejection rate and rework rate of the die can be reduced, and the service life can be prolonged.


Indonesian independence is a new era in the formation of the constitution and order of state life. Because it was at this moment of independence that Indonesia first formed its written constitution in a standardized manner and compiled it into a state sheet. The constitution is called the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia, which has been amended four times to date. The points that become the discussion are regarding the provisions contained in Article 37 regarding the procedure for amending the 1945 Constitution whether it has applied the principles of constitutional democracy because the last amendment of the amendment to the 1945 Constitution from the provisions of Article 37 cannot be implemented anymore. The purpose of this research is to examine and analyze whether the provisions of Article 37 of the 1945 Constitution have applied the principles of constitutional democracy. The research methodology used is normative juridical with a descriptive analysis approach. Based on the results of the research on the amendment procedure of the 1945 Constitution, it adopts a method of change known as "verfassungs-anderung", namely a way of changing the constitution deliberately in the manner specified in the constitution. Then use a system of changes "constitutional reform". With the "formal juridical" pathway and completed as changes by means of "formal amendments", namely changes to the constitution which are made in accordance with the provisions contained in the constitution. So in other words Article 37 of the 1945 Constitution regarding the procedures for amending the 1945 Constitution has inspired the values of democratic principles procedurally but the substance of the provisions of Article 37 of the 1945 Constitution is not fully applied to the principles of constitutional democracy because there are still many provisions in Article 37 regarding the procedures for amending the 1945 Constitution. This still needs to be studied in depth, because of its flexible nature after the changes, but its content is still rigid and difficult to change. Keywords : constitutional, democracy, , constitutional amendment procedure


Abstract Parents are essential in youth sport because they provide the emotional, informational, and financial support that enables their children to enjoy and succeed in their sporting endeavours. When providing such support, however, parents can experience a range of stressors from organisational, competitive, and developmental sources. This study sought to understand how parents of elite youth gymnasts cope within youth sport. Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) was used to facilitate an in-depth exploration of parents' experiences. Seven parents of national and international level gymnasts aged 11–14 years participated in semi-structured interviews and data were analysed according to the guidelines set out by IPA. The results suggest that parents face numerous organisational, competitive, and developmental stressors in youth gymnastics including time and travel demands, child's competition nerves, schooling, finances, and injury. Parents employed four categories of coping to manage these stressors: (a) detaching from gymnastics (e.g. by sharing parental tasks, relying on their children to cope, and maintaining balanced lifestyles); (b) normalising experiences (e.g. by recalling and comparing experiences); (c) willingness to learn (e.g. from others and from their own past experiences); and (d) managing emotional reactions (e.g. through emotional release, self-talk, distraction, and avoidance strategies). The findings suggest that parents' stress experiences are dynamic and complex, with parents utilising different coping strategies to manage different stressors in different situations.


We describe ongoing work to integrate statistical user models in the usability engineering process of spoken dialogue systems. The idea is to generate user dialogue actions up to the spoken utterances in response to system utterances and directly feed them to the system under test. The underlying user models are derived semi-automatically from dialogue corpora. All simulated interactions are logged and a usability profile is derived from the log files, using HMMs to continuously estimate user judgments.


HT-Lix0Co1-yMgyO2 (where x0 is the Li/(Co + Mg) ratio; x0 = 0.98, 1.0, 1.10; y = 0.0, 0.03, 0.06, and 0.10) materials were synthesized via a solid-state reaction. These samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, 7Li MAS NMR spectroscopy, and electrical properties measurements. The XRD study showed that pure phases are obtained for 0.0 ≤ y < 0.10 and x0 ≥ 1.0. 7Li MAS NMR spectra of the Mg-doped phases exhibit two types of new signals at 55 ppm and 325, 7, −9, and − 27 ppm in addition to the signal at 0 ppm resulting from the presence of diamagnetic CoIII ions. On the basis of our general knowledge of Li NMR in layered oxides with electron spins, we suggest that Mg doping in LiCoO2 always leads to the simultaneous presence of CoIV ions (sharing an itinerant electron hole with neighboring CoIII ions) and, to a smaller extent, of intermediate spin Co3+(IS) ions trapped in a square-based pyramidal environment because of an oxygen vacancy. This feature is further enhanced by lithium overstoichiometry.


Hard coatings are widely used in modern manufacturing industry as an
 abrasion-resistant coating, which helps to improve the wear resistance and
 corrosion resistance of the workpiece and prolong its service life. However, in
 most application environment the coatings are subjected simultaneously to both
 wear and corrosion phenomena, which is termed tribo-corrosion. The conjoint action
 of wear and corrosion is often more intense than pure corrosion and pure wear
 effects alone. It is necessary to fabricate coating with excellent resistance
 against both wear and corrosion and study the tribological behavior under
 corrosive environment. Recently, an emerging technology, High Power Impulse
 Magnetron Sputtering (HiPIMS), has gained much interest and become a hot topic of
 research due to the unique properties it can achieve. In HiPIMS the power is
 applied to the target in pulses of low duty cycle and frequency to generate
 ultra-dense plasma that makes it possible to deposit hard, dense, and smooth
 films, which may help to improve not only mechanical properties but also the
 anticorrosion ability of hard coatings.


The experimentation and analysis of on-board hollow fibre membrane,which were jointly designed by a technic center,were systemically implemented by ground condition simulation.Results show that:(1) the oxygen concentration descends with input pressure increasing,ascends with input flux arising,and then is basically independent of the temperature of input air;(2) the oxygen concentration increases with the output flux gained,especially under the low pressure of input air;(3) the effect of height above sea level on the nitrogen-enriched performance of the membrane is light.The formula of nitrogen-enriched performance was found by multielement regression and validated by the comparison of experimental results.


Focusing on the increasingly growing demands for tremendous data rate and reliable mobile services in the high speed railway (HSR) communication systems, it is essential to explore an effective solution to enhancing the system capacity. The directional beamforming combined with millimeter wave (mmWave) technology remains to be one of the most potential ways to increase the throughput in the future HSR networks. Therefore, an mmWave-based adaptive multi-beamforming scheme for HSR communications is proposed in this paper. In the proposed scheme, multiple beams with different beamwidth are formed by the base station (BS) simultaneously to improve the system capacity. The mobile relays (MRs) are provided with the ability to adjust the receiver (RX) beams automatically during a transmitter (TX) beam to enhance the received signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). The outage probability could be decreased dramatically in this scheme because that the connection drop occurs only if the multiple beams miss the communication at the same time. Unfortunately, when the train moves to the edge region of the cell, the increasing inter beam interference (IBI) will degrade the system performance. Thus, a novel adaptive algorithm adjusting the activated beams in real time is presented in this scheme to mitigate the IBI and maintain an optimal capacity. Theoretical analysis and simulations are conducted to verify that the proposed scheme can improve the throughput with a lower outage probability in HSR scenarios.


Significant contributions to hydrogeology from the Northeastern United States have resulted from studies of natural phenomena, the occurrence of mineral springs, and two man-made events - the drilling in 1824 of the first fresh water well in the U.S., and the building of the Erie Canal. Development of chemical analytical techniques was prompted by interest in the therapeutic benefits of Saratoga and similar mineral springs, which were used as spas and sources of bottled water. The fundamental concept that the chemical character of ground water is controlled by lithology and by source and movement of water evolved from efforts to explain the origin and chemical differences of springs that were believed to have different medicinal benefits.The first drilled well, at the mouth of the Raritan River, led to the study of saltwater encroachment in the United States. The concept that explains the relationship between freshwater head and the position of the saltwater interface was developed to explain the ebbing a...


The distributions and relationships derived from the change data collected during the development of a medium scale satellite software project shows that meaningful results can be obtained which allow an insight into software traits and the environment in which it is developed. Modified and new modules were shown to behave similarly. An abstract classification scheme for errors which allows a better understanding of the overall traits of a software project is also shown. Finally, various size and complexity metrics are examined with respect to errors detected within the software. yielding some interesting results.


Chemical synthesis of m7G5′ppNu (Nu = A, G, C, and U) has been achieved by condensation of the protected capping agent (11) with the four common stannylated ribonucleotides (12a–d) in the presence of iodine as activating agent, followed by removal of all the acid-labile protecting groups with 80% acetic acid.


Gordon Mills*, Centre for Microeconomic Policy Analysis, University of Sydney, Australia Following deregulation, a foreign airline group (Ansett) began jet service in 1987 thereby challenging the sole incumbent jet operator (Air New Zealand). This study describes and analyses that entry and the subsequent and continuing rivalry between the two companies. The major findings are: in order to compete, the entrant judged it was necessary to match or to come close to matching the incumbent in flight frequency; the entrant intended quality competition only, and the incumbent responded with fare cuts as well; although travel increased, load factors declined markedly; and both airlines have suffered financially; the entrant has so far survived its sizeable losses, thanks to continuing support from its Australian owners.


Timber–concrete composite (TCC) systems have been successfully used in built heritage. They provide an efficient solution for improving the seismic response of masonry buildings in which timber flo...


Two αDNeuAc(26)βDGal(14)βDGlcNAc units which are the receptor determinants for the influenza virus hemagglutinin have been'anchored on a galactose in order to design structures capable of bimodal viral binding. To determine the optimum αDNeuAc distance for the best intramolecular binding to the hemagglutinin trimer, the attachment sites of the two αDNeuAc(26)βDGal(14)βDGlcNAc units have been systematically varied by proper choice of the galactose glycosylation sites


Tran, TT, Brown, LE, Coburn, JW, Lynn, SK, Dabbs, NC, Schick, MK, Schick, EE, Khamoui, AV, Uribe, BP, and Noffal, GJ. Effects of different elastic cord assistance levels on vertical jump. J Strength Cond Res 25(12): 3472–3478, 2011—Currently, little research has been conducted using body weight reduction (BWR) as a means to enhance vertical jump. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of different elastic cord assistance levels on vertical jump height (JH), takeoff velocity (TOV), relative ground reaction force (rGRF), relative impact force (RIF), and descent velocity (DV). Thirty recreationally trained college men and women (M = 15, W = 15) completed 3 testing sessions consisting of 5 conditions: 0, 10, 20, 30, and 40% BWR. In all BWR conditions, the subjects wore a full body harness while being attached to 2 elastic cords suspended from the ceiling and a linear velocity transducer. They then performed 3 maximal countermovement jumps with arm swing on a force plate. The results indicated no interaction of condition by sex for any variable; however, there was a significant (p < 0.05) main effect for condition for each variable. The JH significantly increased across all conditions (0%: 43.73 ± 1.62 cm, 40%: 64.77 ± 2.36 cm). The TOV at 30% (2.73 ± 0.34 m·s−1) was significantly greater than that at 0% (2.59 ± 0.39 m·s−1) and 10% (2.63 ± 0.34 m·s−1), whereas that at 40% (2.79 ± 0.43 m·s−1) was significantly greater than that at >0, 10, and 20%. The rGRF at 30% (18.62 ± 4.35 N·kg−1) was significantly greater than that at >0, 10, and 20%, whereas that at 40% (21.38 ± 5.21 N·kg−1) was significantly greater than in all conditions. The RIF at 20, 30, and 40% (40%: 61.60 ± 18.53 N·kg−1) was significantly greater than that at 0% (44.46 ± 9.12 N·kg−1). The DV at 20% (2.61 ± 0.31 m·s−1) was significantly greater than at 10%, whereas those at 30 and 40% (2.8 ± 0.41 m·s−1) were significantly greater than at 0, 10, and 20%. These results demonstrate that using different elastic cord levels to reduce body weight appears effective for increasing ascent and descent force and velocity variables. Future research should investigate greater BWR% and chronic training.


The government's physical distancing policy to prevent transmission of the covid19 virus caused changes in learning patterns from face-to-face learning to distance education. The application of distance education at Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta is one of them through e-learning. Measurement of the level of e-learning user satisfaction is an assessment of the success of e-learning itself. The method used to measure students' level of satisfaction using e-learning is End-User Computing Satisfaction (EUCS). EUCS has five indicators, namely, Content, Accuracy, Format, Ease of Use, and Timelines. The research sample was taken using a random sampling technique. The data collection technique was carried out using a questionnaire. Data analysis uses descriptive statistical analysis and inferential statistical analysis. Based on the analysis results, the content evaluation value is 4.0300, the accuracy evaluation value is 4.0200, the evaluation value is 4.2550, the evaluation value for easy use is 4.0288, and the evaluation value for timeliness is 4.0900. The overall analysis results showed that the students were satisfied with the e-learning course in vocational learning media.


In order to improve turbocharger turbine performance,the design and experimental research on mixed-flow turbine for the JP78B turbocharger that matched a certain diesel engine were carried out.For the eight designed mixed-flow turbine rotors,the interior flow of rotor was computed with the computational fluid dynamics(CFD) software called NUMECA,and the influence of inlet inclined angle,inlet incidence,axial chord and blade number on rotor performance of mixed-flow turbine was analyzed.The performance experiments of mixed-flow and radial-flow turbines were held.The results show that the mixed-flow turbine has the higher efficiency and can obtain the smaller u/co value at the point of maximum efficiency.


Abstract Despite improvements in numerical weather prediction, model errors, particularly near the surface, are unavoidable due to imperfect model physics, initial conditions, and boundary conditions. Here, three techniques for improving the accuracy of 2-m temperature, 2-m dewpoint, and 10-m wind forecasts by the Eta/North American Meso (NAM) Model are evaluated: (i) traditional model output statistics (ETAMOS), requiring a relatively long training period; (ii) the Kalman filter (ETAKF), requiring a relatively short initial training period (∼4–5 days); and (iii) 7-day running mean bias removal (ETA7DBR), requiring a 7-day training period. Forecasts based on the ETAKF and ETA7DBR methods were produced for more than 2000 MesoWest observing sites in the western United States. However, the evaluation presented in this study was based on subjective forecaster assessments and objective verification at 145 ETAMOS stations during summer 2004 and winter 2004/05. For the 145-site sample, ETAMOS produces the most a...


Masao Ito is responsible for the remarkable discovery 20 years ago that the action of Purkinje's cells on their target neurons is uniformly inhibitory or disfacilitatory. This finding contributed greatly to our understanding of cerebellar function. Since that time, he and his colleagues in Tokyo have worked intensely upon the physiologic functions of the floccular lobe with respect to the vestibulo-ocular system. In this work he has systematically tested a hypothesis originally proposed by Marr and later modified by Albus that plastic interactions between climbing fibers and parallel fibers upon Purkinje's cells are responsible for aspects of motor learning. Ito's work has allowed theoretical constructs to be made concerning cerebellar input to adaptive and predictive control, multivariate control, motor learning, and motor programming. This work provides the underpinnings of the present book. The book presents a detailed review of cerebellar anatomy, physiology, and pharmacology. The text is divided into four


This article highlights the important role that soft skills play in the engineer's, and more specifically the project manager's, career.


Information about the genetic diversity of Red wood is needed to improve the quality and quantity of the plant. This information can be provided by analyzing plant DNA using molecular markers which are polymorphic and generate clear and thick bands. The objective of the study was to obtain primers that could generate clear and polymorphically bands from Red wood DNA. The evaluated Red wood was from Alor, Sika, Lembata, Rote, and Timur Tengah Selatan (TTS) provenances. As many as 54 primers screened to polymorphism assay. Those primers consisted of RAPD, SSR, and chloroplast.The SSR primers were developed from Pterocarpus indicus (six primers) and Prosopis alba (12 primers). Chloroplast primers were divided into two types, four Rubisco Large Sub-unit genes (rbcL) and 12 MaturaseK genes (matK). SSR primers of P. alba were not able to amplify Red wood DNA, whereas those of P. indicus could amplify the DNA. Three of each chloroplast primers successfully amplified the DNA, yet, each primer could only amplify one to four of 12 evaluated samples. rbcL 2 generated the highest number of sample, and samples from Lembata were amplified the most. Moreover, 16 RAPD primers were able to generate DNA.


Cofiring gas with coal at rates of up to 25% of the total boiler heat input in this unit allows SO2 emissions to be met with the use of inexpensive, locally mined high sulfur coal, recovery of capacity derates caused by emissions and/or hardware limitations, and reduction of NOx emissions without retrofitting low NOx hardware. Field tests were performed to evaluate the impact of cofiring on these potential benefits. Results: This report presents the results of the characterization testing and provides conclusions and operational recommendations to be applied as part of Unit 1`s future cofire system operation.


As Lyme disease has increased in incidence, so has the number of patients who present for testing to rule out this diagnosis. This comparison of the results of serologic testing for Lyme …


A powerful clue to human identification was furnished by gait due to the comprehensive dissimilarities in body structure and walk behavior.Automatic recognition by gait was subject to increasing interest and had the unique capability to recognize human individual at a distance when other biometrics were obscured.A comprehensive survey of recent developments of gait-based human identity recognition were provided.The main methods in each aspect of gait-based recognition were described.Some detailed discussions on research challenges and future directions in gait analysis were put forward.


According to the ideas of "the three representations" stated by General Secretary Jiang Zemin,taking into consideration the realities of the agricultural universities nowaday,this article analyses the new condition,new problems appearing in the construction of the basic Party branches of universities with the establishment of the socialist market economy system;it illustrates the requirements of strengthening the construction of general Party branches,basic Party branches and the Party members in every college under new conditions ;it puts forward new measures and new ways to give full play to the political core functions of the Party branches,the stronghold function of the Party branches and the vanguard role of every Party member.


This chapter will proceed from, rather than argue towards, agnostic convictions. It will outline those convictions, characterizing agnosticism as the rational position. Given this, what attitudes and practices may we rationally adopt? This chapter will reject that indifference necessarily follows from agnosticism. This chapter will also argue that agnosticism, as it has been characterized, is not rationally consistent with sustained religious belief. We have another option, whose source we can find in religious ambivalence (as opposed to indifference). Agnosticism finds the case for God's existence unconvincing, but remains unconvinced of God's non-existence. The latter suggests openness towards religious views and even experiences. Citing precedent in metaphor, history, and everyday epistemological attitudes, this chapter will show how one can refrain from accepting a belief in general while entertaining it in particular instances, discuss the constraints of such ambivalence, and justify as rational certain forms of religious attitude and practice.


The UvA@Work team consists of three Artificial Intelligence (AI) bachelor students supported by a senior university staff member. It was founded at the beginning of academic year 2013-2014 as part of the Intelligent Robotics Lab1. This initiative strives to involve students of the Universiteit van Amsterdam (UvA) in robotics. It also acts as a governing body for all the UvA's robotic teams such as UvA@Work, The Dutch NAO Team [1] (RoboCup Standard Platform League), the Amsterdam Oxford Joint Rescue Forces [2] (RoboCup Rescue Simulation League) and Maneki-Neko [3] (Micro Air Vehicle competition) to guarantee continuation of research, education and competition experience. It also enables sharing any gathered knowledge between the different teams.


Abstract Introduction  Globally, the magnitude of overweight and obesity is alarmingly high. In recent years, there are increased opportunities for adolescents to become overweight due to their sedentary lifestyles. Obesity is a chronic, noncommunicable, and lifestyle diseases resulting from energy imbalance. On evidence, overweight and obesity are still preventable as primordial prevention. Thus, knowing the prevalence will help us to plan prevention strategies. Objectives  The objective of the study was to identify the prevalence of overweight and obesity among adolescents in selected urban high schools at Mangaluru, Dakshina Kannada, India. Materials and Methods  A quantitative descriptive cross-sectional study was performed in adolescents with the age group of 13 to 15 years. Data was collected by using a body mass index screening tool through Google Forms. A total of 1100 adolescents participated in the study. Results  Almost 82.2% of the total adolescents were in the age group of 13 years with a mean age of 13.95 ± 1.02 standard deviation. Most 70% of them were females and 98.1% of adolescents place of stay was at home. Magnitude of overweight and obesity among urban adolescents in this study was 237(21.6%). A significant positive association was found between body mass index with selected demographic variables such as age, family history of overweight and obesity, and screen time more than 2 hours per day among adolescents with a p less than 0.05 level of significance. Conclusion  This study revealed that current magnitude of overweight and obesity among adolescents is growing high. Health promotion activities need to be planned and there is a need to identify the challenges to implement such activities. Irrespective of all the barriers, it is the responsibility of all stakeholders to help adolescents to adopt healthy lifestyle in all aspects to have a healthier nation. A self-reported anthropometric measurement in adolescents can be used to reach out to the target population.


Numerical simulations based on Finite Element Methods such as Computational Fluid Dynamics and Computational Structural Mechanics commonly use unstructured grid data in the form of mesh structures, such as tetrahedral meshes. Scientific visualization is a proven effective technique for extracting meaningful information from these datasets, and an efficient visualization method for unstructured grid data is currently one of the major research goals in the scientific visualization community. Volume visualization of unstructured grid data is considerably more complicated than that of regular grid data since the sampling and compositing processes, which must be carried out in visibility order, are not straightforward. The sorting into visibility order has always prevented efficient volume rendering of unstructured volume data. Our approach for volume rendering of unstructured volume data composed of tetrahedral cell elements is based on particle-based volume rendering [2], which doesn't require alpha blending composition in visibility order. The particle-based volume rendering utilizes stochastically generated tiny, non-transparent particles as the rendering primitives and projects particles to image plane. Since the particles are non-transparent, alpha blending composition in visibility order is not required. We defined the regularly placed sampling points inside the tetrahedral cells as being the candidate points for particle generation. We applied the voxelization technique for sampling points at regular intervals inside the tetrahedral cells. The particle generation process is based on a density distribution function based on the transparency values (α values) defined by user-specified transfer function. These generated particles are projected onto the image plane in order to obtain the final image. Splatting based volume rendering method generally projects large semi-transparent elements onto the image screen affecting a set of pixels and the contribution to each of the involved pixels are determined by the projection footprint. On the other hand, particle-based volume rendering approach projects tiny, particles much smaller than the pixel size. These particles are colored according to the parameter values obtained from the user-specified transfer function. The final pixel value is then obtained by calculating the contribution of these tiny particles projected onto the corresponding pixel location by using sub-pixel processing. The degree of transparency can be controlled by changing the sub-pixel size. In the following sections, these processes will be detailed described in turn.


The species and dominant species in waxberry gardens in Guiyang were investigated by filed survey,trapping by sticky colored cards and indoor identification during 2009-2012 to find out species of insect pests and to provide the scientific basis for harmless control of insect pests in waxberry.There are35 species,24families,7orders,2classes.There are Homoptera,Lepidoptera,Coleoptera,Hemiptera,Diptera and Isoptera in insecta.13 species and 12 species belong to Homoptera and Lepidoptera,account for 37.14% and 34.29% of total insect pests respectively.The dominant species are Drosophila melanogaster,Phyllonorycter sp,Anoplophora chinensis,Empoasca flavescens and Adoxophyes orana


Consider things from the point of view of Lady Chatterley's husband. Physically deprived of his passions all he could do was roll around in that big old house and think, or rather, maintain a state of sentience, assuming thinking and feeling are included in the term. With which he seemed quite happy until the gamekeeper started sniffing around his wife. Lawrence believed that anything arising from the passions was well, yes, virtuous. He invented a new, inverted, kind of morality. But in doing so, naive as it seems now, he preserved the very idea of morality for a generation of liberated readers. Or at least, that was the effect on me of Lady Chatterley's Lover, and of Lawrence's offspring, Henry Miller: the presumptive morality of a life force that undercut traditional morality. Now, in a post-fascist world, it's easy to see the disastrous consequences of a vitalistic morality, just as, in a post-Marxist world, the malignancy of a purely rational mentality has become obvious. But the history of consciousness staggers, it seems, from doctrine to doctrinaire to correction to over-correction. One could argue that for a kid growing up in the ultra conventional '50s of Bensonhurst, Brooklyn, the Lawrence-Miller axis was the most liberating path given the going hypocrite/ conformist morality. The '60s, Vietnam and the baby boomers gave the coup de grace to that conventional mentality. But the loosening up of the psyche in the direction of liberated passions eventually enlisted passions in the service of hypocrite conformity. One could argue optimistically that we are a loop higher in a spiral of liberation. Sexuality, though more exploited, seems to be more free. Relations between parents and children, when there are any at all, seem to be more open and affectionate. Men are more expressive and women have more drive. One heritage from the Lawrence-Miller mode that seems beneficent is a matter of style in a word: the extemporaneous. The appeal of the extemporaneous is a combination of the freshness of spontaneity combined with the moral


ELVIA HERNAWAN. Bovine Somatotropin Injection and Concentrate Supplementations in Lactating Holstein Cows in the Highland Cikole, Lembang. Under the supervision of WASMEN MANALU, SYAHRUN HAMDANI NASUTION, and NASTITI KUSUMORINI Twenty four lactating Holstein cows were used to study the effect of bovine somatotropin injection and concentrate supplementations in lactating cows in the highland Cikole Lembang. The experimental cows were assigned into a Randomized Block Design with a 3 x 2 factorial arrangement. The first factor was somatotropin injection with three levels (nonbST injection, daily injection, and biweekly injection). The second factor was concentrate supplementation with two levels (fed standard ration and standard ration plus 25% concentrate.) Parameters measured were heart rate, respiration frequency, rectal temperature, hematocrit, hemoglobin, glucose, triglyceride, blood urea nitrogen, cortisol, thyroxine, triiodothyronine concentrations in the blood, weight gain, dry matter intake, milk production efficiency, and body condition score, milk production, 4% FCM (fat corrected milk), milk composition, weight gain, dry matter intake, milk production efficiency, and body condition score. Bovine Somatotropin injection significantly increased heart rate and respiration rate. Concentrate supplementation increased dry matters intake. There were an interaction between bST and concentrate supplementation on milk production and weight gain. Bovine somatotropin injection in cows fed standart ration increased milk production by 17–26%, but injection in cows fed ration with 25% concentrate decreased milk production but showed increase weight gain. Daily and biweekly somatotropin supplementation did not significantly affect milk production.


Experimental analysis plays a major role in modern science. Since the time of Galileo (16th century), it has been widely recognized that any modern scientific theory or work must be backed by a strong experimental analysis carried out scrupulously and with the maximum rigor.


I staged replicate encounters between unrestrained lizards and snakes in outdoor enclosures to examine size-dependent predation within the common garden skink (Lampropholis guichenoti). Yellow-faced whip snakes (Demansia psammophis) forage widely for active prey and most often consumed large skinks, whereas death adders (Acanthophis antarcticus) ambush active prey and most often consumed small skinks. Small-eyed snakes (Rhinoplocephalus nigrescens) forage widely for inactive prey and consumed both small and large skinks equally often. Differential predation may reflect active choice by the predator, differential prey vulnerability, or both. To test for active choice, I presented foraging snakes with an inert small lizard versus an inert large lizard. They did not actively select lizards of a particular body size. To test for differential prey vulnerability, I quantified variation between small and large lizards in behavior that is important for determining the outcome of predator--prey interactions. Snakes did not differentiate between integumentary chemicals from small and large lizards. Large lizards tend to flee from approaching predators, thereby eliciting attack by the visually oriented whip snakes. Small lizards were more mobile than large lizards and therefore more likely to pass by sedentary death adders. Additionally, small skinks were more effectively lured by this sit-and-wait species and less likely to avoid its first capture attempt. In contrast, overnight retreat site selection (not body size) determined a lizard's chances of being detected by small-eyed snakes. Patterns of size-dependent predation by elapid snakes may arise not because of active choice but as a function of species-specific predator tactics and prey behavior. Copyright 2002.


Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) plays a critical role in pathomechanisms associated with secondary damage after traumatic brain injury (TBI). The TNF ligand‐receptor system stimulates inflammation by activation of gene transcription through the IκB kinase (IKK)–NF‐κB and c‐Jun NH2‐terminal kinase (JNK)–AP‐1 signaling cascades. TNF signaling following TBI involves both cell survival and apoptotic pathways, but the mechanism that accounts for the dual role of TNF remains unclear. Multiple studies have reported hypothermia to be protective following TBI, but the precise mechanism has not been clearly defined. Here, TNFR1 signaling pathways were investigated in the cerebral cortex of adult male Sprague–Dawley rats subjected to moderate fluid‐percussion TBI and of naïve controls. Another group was subjected to moderate TBI with 30 min of pre‐ and post‐traumatic hypothermia (33 °C). Rapid and marked increases in protein expression of TNFR1 and signaling intermediates in both the IKK–NF‐κB and JNK pathways were induced in traumatized cortices. Hypothermia decreased TNFR1 protein expression acutely in traumatized cortices and stimulated early activation of signaling intermediates in the JNK, but not the IKK–NF‐κB, signaling pathways. Hypothermia promoted a rapid activation of caspase‐3 acutely after injury but suppressed caspase‐3 activation at later time points. Moreover, hypothermia treatment suppressed cleavage of X‐linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) into fragments induced by TBI. These data suggest that hypothermia may regulate both the JNK signaling cascade via XIAP and the preconditioning pathways that activate caspases. Thus, hypothermia mediates TNFR1 responses via early activation of the JNK signaling pathway and caspase‐3, leading to endogenous neuroprotective events.


We report on the development of a polarimeter for characterizing reflective surfaces throughout the extreme ultraviolet (EUV). The instrument relies on laser high-order harmonics generated in helium, neon, or argon gas. The 800 nm laser generates a discrete comb of odd harmonics up to order 100 (wavelengths from 8-62 nm). The flux of EUV light is a couple orders of magnitude less than a synchrotron source but 30,000 times greater than a plasma source currently in operation at BYU. The polarimeter determines the reflectance from surfaces as a function of incident angle, linear light polarization orientation, and wavelength. The instrument uses a wave plate in the laser beam to control the orientation of the harmonic polarization (linear, same as laser). After reflecting from the sample, the harmonic beams are dispersed by a grating and focused onto a micro-channel plate coupled to a phosphor screen. We have demonstrated the feasibility of this project with a simple prototype instrument, which measured the reflectance of samples from 30 nm to 62 nm. The prototype demonstrated that sensitivity is sufficient for measuring reflectances as low as 0.5% for both s- and p-polarized light. The full instrument employs extensive scanning mobility as opposed to the fixed angle and fixed wavelength range of our earlier prototype. An advantage of employing harmonics as a source for EUV polarimetry is that a wide range of wavelengths can be measured simultaneously. This project represents an authentic 'work-horse' application for high-order harmonics, as opposed to merely demonstrating proof of concept.


Athletic trainers (ATs) have historically functioned in a physician extender role when managing the health of competitive athletes in high school, collegiate, and professional settings. A high level of expertise in the prevention and management of musculoskeletal disorders among physically active individuals has been recognized by physicians who have chosen to utilize ATs as physician extenders in orthopedic and sports medicine clinical operations. The development of postprofessional residency programs that provide specialized education and clinical experiences to prepare ATs to effectively function as orthopedic physician extenders has greatly facilitated physician acceptance of the role, which has dramatically increased the number of ATs working in the orthopedic clinical setting.1-2 Such residency programs provide ATs with experience in taking detailed patient histories, performing thorough patient exams, and presenting the findings to the attending physician for delivery of efficient and patient-centered care. The physician can focus on making the diagnosis and developing a plan of care, while relying on the AT to provide appropriate therapeutic exercise instructions, educate the patient about the plan of care, and complete specific components of the clinical documentation.1-2 Previous studies have demonstrated that utilization of the residency-trained AT physician extender (AT-PE) has increased clinical efficiency (i.e., patient volume and revenue generation) and improved patient outcomes.3-5 Physician satisfaction with this approach to delivery of orthopedic clinical services has not been previously documented. Thus, the purpose of this study was to assess physician satisfaction with the performance of residency-trained AT-PEs in the delivery of orthopedic clinical services.


The gross anatomy of bones of wing and pelvic limb was studied in adult emus. Salient morphological characteristics have been discussed. Structural differences between bones of the emu and fowl will not only strengthen the anatomical knowledge which will contribute to understand functional aspects of musculoskeletal system but also form a data base for applications to design clinically oriented orthopedic models applicable to humans.


Campylobacter is the most widely recognized bacterial cause for enteric sickness for the both humans and animals around the world. Over 90% of human Campylobacteriosis in industrialized nation's results from utilization of debased chicken items, just as beef and milk. Drinking water and swimming water may likewise be a source of disease. To a lesser degree, contact with other nourishment animal species, wild birds, and pet dogs and cats has been related with human Campylobacteriosis. Ingestion of as few as 500 living beings can prompt contamination. At the point when center signs happens, early signs create after a brooding time of 1 to 7 days and incorporate fever, defame, spewing and migraine, which by and large last 1 to 3 days, trailed by as long as multi week of watery to ridiculous loose bowels and stomach torments . Zoonoses may be contracted from dogs and cats through introduction to their feces, parturient fluids, salivation, respiratory outflows, scratches, skin, conceal, pee, or outside parasites. Pollutions may be parasitic, bacterial, infectious or viral. Campybacteriosis has a higher rate in AIDs quiet than all in all populace causing extreme, frequently bleeding, looseness of the bowels and cramping, queasiness and fever. Most Campylobacter infections in canines and man are brought about by C. jejuni . Proof shows that contact with infected dogs, particularly diarrhoeic dogs can increase hazard of obtaining C jejuni..


The corrosion behavior and mechanism of Inconel 600 exposed to the oxidizing high-salinity supercritical water (SCW) containing chlorides, sulfates, and phosphates at 450, 500, and 580 °C were investigated and proposed. The corrosion film had an outer layer dominated by NiO, Fe₂O₃, and eutectic phosphate deposit and an inner layer consisting of Cr-rich oxides. Some produced oxides may generate ionic reactions with the low-melting phosphates precipitated out from SCW, triggering the generation of the eutectic FePO₄–Ni₃(PO₄)₂–Na₃PO₄–Na₂HPO₄ salts in the outer layer. The formation and thickening of the outer layer results from the eutectic phosphate disposition and the common solid-state growth mechanism. Nonmolten chlorides and sulfates in SCW predominantly exist on the outmost surface and are easily washed off, being supported by the absence of S and Cl on sample surfaces. Based on this investigation, a comprehensive corrosion mechanism, involving the solid-state growth of oxide scales, salt precipitation, and phosphate melting processes, was proposed and discussed.


Blind spots are a nuisance of everyday driving that cause a significant number of accidents every year. Current blind spot systems mainly take advantage of visual feedback for the driver. However, an active blind spot system physically involves the driver to help reduce the number of overall accidents. In this paper, a force-feedback gas pedal and a force-feedback steering wheel are used in conjunction with a driving simulator to improve upon existing blind spot detection and avoidance systems. Preliminary human testing results show that by adding an active blind spot crash avoidance system to the already visual blind spot light can help to reduce the number of collisions.


Two series of larch progeny tests were established at three locations in Pennsylvania in the spring of 1984. The Penn Orchard series contained progenies of 24 "plus-tree" Japanese larch clones growing in a seed orchard in Pennsylvania, two production seedlots of Japanese larch, and two lots of Japanese x European larch hybrids. The Westvaco test contained 5 hybrid seedlots and 15 seedlots of Japanese larch originating from 9 seed orchards (including Penn "A" Orchard), 5 plantations, and one natural stand. After 7 yr, only one site was clearly ideal for Japanese larch, having produced both rapid growth (0.83 and 0.99 m/ yr) and high survival. Survival or growth was considerably lower at the other two sites, probably because of both seasonally excessive and deficient soil moisture. Hybrid lots were significantly shorter than others at the best site; they tended to survive significantly better than Japanese larch at the other two sites, but they did not necessarily grow taller. Progenies from seed orchards were not significantly faster growing than those from plantations or natural stands (Westvaco test); andprogenies from select rees in the Penn Orchard test were not significantly faster growing than production lots. Although genetic effects on 7 yr height were significant in most individualplantations, few seedlots could be statistically distinguished as superior or inferior in growth rate. Seedlot pedigree had much less influence on growth rate or survival than did choice of site. North. J. Appl. For. 11(2):53-57. Japanese larch isendemic to the island of Honshu, Japan, but has been successfully planted throughout the Northern Hemisphere. Even though its relatively small natural range suggests limited genetic diversity, Japanese larch appears to be adaptable to other environments, and it often outgrows native conifers on certain sites in the Northeastern United States (Ostry and Nicholls 1989, Einspahr et al. 1984, Isebrands et al. 1982). In 71 Pennsylvania plantations ranging from 41 to 84 yr old, European and Japanese larch outgrew all other species in height, and only red pine surpassed them in chameter (Grisez 1968). This and other reports of rapid growth, good krafting ability, potential for rotations of less than 30 yr on good sites, and relative resistance to deer browsing makes it a good candidate for reforestation (Shipman and Fairweather 1989, Carter and Simpson 1985, Park and Fowler 1983). A Japanese larch hybrid, (Larix leptolepis x decidua), has also shown great promise for similar uses (Zavitovski et al. 1983) and has eclipsed the performance of Japanese larch in some plantings (Riemenschneider and Nlenstaedt 1983) and European larch in others (Weiser 1992). As with any nonnative species, it is important to define which seed sources of Japanese larch are best adapted to local Norm: The authors would like to acknowledge the cooperative assistance of John A. Winieski and others in the Pennsylvania Bureau of Forestry, David S Canavera, Timberlands Division, Westvaco Co., Wilbur Wolfe and others at Glatfelter Pulpwood Co., and Elton Pepper, who together provided lands, labor, and germplasm to make this study possible. conditions. Unfortunately, provenance studies of this species have shown that seed source origin characteristics uch as latitude, longitude, elevation, temperature, and precipitation are not clearly related to performance characteristics uch as survival, growth rate, damaging agents, flower production, and stem quality (Park and Fowler 1983, Farnsworth et al. 1972, Genys 1972). Since provenance performance appears to be unpredictable, the purpose of this study was to compare the performance of diverse samples of Japanese and hybrid larch seed sources from local and international stands, plantations, and seed orchards, with the objective of determining which are best suited for plantation use in Pennsylvania. Materials and Methods


We establish large deviation inequalities with exponential decay for the maximum of partial sums of subgaussian random variables. Applying our result to acceptable sequences of bounded mean zero random variables, we strengthen a well-known inequality of Hoeffding. As a consequence we prove a bounded law of iterated logarithm for this class of random variables. The obtained method, also allows us to state a strong integrability property for weighted series of negatively dependent random variables.


Bali is one of the most popular tourist destinations in Indonesia. As one of the islands in a tropical country, Bali has its own risk of disease transmission. The increasing number and pattern of international travelers can affect morbidity and mortality. Research on disease problems among international travelers in travel destination countries is rarely reported. This study examines health problems concerning foreign tourists visiting hospitals in Bali. This cross-sectional study used total sampling on all medical records of international travelers visiting an international hospital in Bali. A total of 999 medical records were analyzed in this study. The mean age of the patients was 35.55 years. Most patients were female (53.9%) and used travel insurance (55.3%). Most health problems are complaints in the gastrointestinal system (22.3%). The primary health problem is the gastrointestinal system. Most patients use insurance to finance their health.
Keywords: Health Problems, Travelers, Infectious and Non-Infectious


Films of Fe2 O3-δ and Ba-containing iron oxide were successfully synthesized from chelated highly-alkaline aqueous solution by ferrite plating on substrates heated by Xe-lamp beams. The solubility limit of Ba in Ba-containing iron oxide films was Ba/Fe=∼0.16. The intensity of the X-ray scattering peaks due to the spinel structure decreased as the content of Ba in the films increased, and when Ba/Fe>∼0.06, the films did not exhibit the X-ray scattering peaks of crystalline structure. After annealing the Ba-containing iron oxide films ( Ba/Fe=∼0.1), the X-ray scattering peaks of the BaFe12O19 crystalline phase appeared.


Historically, France had implemented, for 1962, a medical-sanitary health policy, using both annual vaccination of all bovine livestock, and in case of outbreak, the stamping out of all animals of vulnerable species. This strategy which has proved to be particularly effective, was abandoned in 1991, in accordance with european regulation, about animal-health reasons and political and economics arguments. The reapparence of foot and mouth disease, in 2001 in Europe, demonstrated the limits of sociological acceptability of a a policy based only on animal-cullings. The perfecting of purified vaccines, with targeted use around the outbreaks, could spare culling of vaccinated animals, in accordance with a new zoo-sanitary international regulation. It could be, with other efficient sanitary measures (control of livestock movements, livestock identification, control of animal feedstuffs, control of imports, destruction of infected herds and preventive cullings) one management among others of a foot and mouth epizootic.


Extensive modifications of the Community Climate Model Version 1 (CCM1) were required, after this computer code was imported from the National Center for Atmospheric Research, to enable efficient execution in the computing environment of the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. Most of the modifications involved storage and transfer of large data sets as the model executes. The management of these data sets was generalized to permit users to select among a variety of fast storage media/endash/internal memory, solid state storage devices, or disk/endash/depending on their availability and their suitability for optimum performance on present and future supercomputer systems. We describe these additions to the CCM1 code and related modifications to its data files. In the optimum configuration of the LLNL version of CCM1, the code is run on a Cray XMP computer with attached Solid-State Storage Device; working files are maintained in internal memory or the SSD, while input and output files are buffered from and to disk. This procedure results in a great reduction in input/output overhead. 2 refs., 19 figs.


THE EFFECT OF SEED SPROUTING TIME AND LIGHT ON PHYTIC ACID CONCENTRATION by Sheryl J. Learned Phytic acid was quantitatively analyzed in sprouted alfalfa, lentil, mtmg bean and soy bean seeds. Pulverized dry seeds served as a control and the various sprouting times were 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours after a 12 hour soaking. A comparison was made between sprouts grown in the light for the last 24 hours vs sprouts kept in darkened areas for the total growing time. Analysis was based on dry weight and utilized the direct method in which 1) phytic acid was extracted by hot HC1, 2) ferric phytate was precipitated by adding an excess of ferric chloride to the extrac tion, 3) ferric phytate was converted to ferric hydroxide with NaOH, and 4) the amount of iron in the samples was determined colorimetrically using o-phenanthroline according to the method described in AOAC. The results of the study showed a significant decrease of phytic acid by the end of the allotted sprouting time for all types of sprouts The decrease in phytate was greatest the last 48 grown without light. hours of sprouting time. The present research agrees with previous research showing that phytic acid decreases as seeds sprout. It was concluded that the amount of phytate in seeds sprouted to the usual length used for human consumption is not likely to be detrimental to health. VERNIER RADCLIEFE MEMORIAL LIBRARY LOMA LINDA UNIVERSITY: LOMA LINDA, CALIFORNIA LOMA. LINDA UNIVERSITY Graduate School THE EFFECT OF SEED SPROUTING TIME AND LIGHT ON PHYTIC ACID CONCENTRATION by Sheryl J. Learned A Thesis in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science in the Field of Nutrition


SOX2 is expressed in the pituitary anlagen, Rathke's Pouch (RP), from its induction at 9.0dpc. RP progenitors initially expand, later giving rise to all pituitary cell types. As cells differentiate, SOX2 expression is down-regulated, but a population of SOX2+ve cells persists until adulthood. These represent adult stem cells, displaying regenerative potential upon physiological demand. In humans and mice, heterozygous loss-of-function mutations in SOX2/Sox2 are associated with hypopituitarism. It was therefore decided to investigate the role of SOX2 during murine pituitary development. Homozygous null mutations of Sox2 lead to embryo lethality following implantation; consequently conditional strategies were used to delete the gene specifically in RP. Nkx3.1Cre and FoxG1Cre, display different spatio-temporal patterns of activity in RP. The severity in hypoplasia and reduced progenitor cell proliferation correlated with the efficiency and timing of Cre-mediated deletion of Sox2. The expression of the transcription factor SIX6, known for its role in promoting cell proliferation, was downregulated. Conversely expression of the cell cycle inhibitor p27kip1 is up-regulated, in the absence of Sox2. Furthermore, the proliferation defect in Sox2 mutants can be rescued by homozygous loss of p27kip1, demonstrating a genetic interaction. This suggests that SOX2 promotes progenitor cell proliferation in the early RP and may do so, at least in part, by regulating Six6 and p27kip1 expression. Sox2 RP mutants display a disproportionate reduction in melanotroph cell numbers in the intermediate lobe (IL). The Sox2-deleted cells display a downregulation of the melanotroph lineage specifier, PAX7. Consequently, the few differentiated cells present in mutant IL switch from a melanotroph identity to a corticotroph fate, despite these cells never being present in the normal IL. This phenotype was not rescued in p27kip1;Sox2 compound mutants. This suggests that SOX2 plays two independent roles during pituitary development, initially promoting progenitor proliferation and later specifying IL melanotroph cell fate.


Law No. 11/2020 on Copyright of Works is a change from Law No. 13/2003 on Employment. The law was passed in 2020. In its ratification, many employees disagreed with some of the articles contained in the law, one of them is Article 89 Paragraph (1) which discusses the minimum wage. Employees do not agree with this article because of the change of the provincial minimum wage to the provincial minimum wage and the district/city minimum wage. It is feared that changes in the minimum wage will create injustice between workers and employers. The purpose of this research is to know and analyze the concept of minimum wage of employees working in Law No. 11/2020 inflation must be conditional. Because basically, not all employees can meet their basic needs by setting such a minimum wage.


Reimund Mink, a former employee from the European Central Bank recently published the book 'Official Statistics – A Plaything of Politics? On the interaction of Politics, Official Statistics, and Ethical Principles'. The experience from Reimund with government finance statistics in European but also in many non-European countries is a rich source for dedicated reflections and lessons to learn from the roles that official statistics, (can) play in politics. His book is a rich source of information on the backgrounds for and details of the role of official statistics and their political use. Ivo Havinga, former Assistant Director Economics Statistics of the United Nations Statistics Division, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, managing partner, and academic, and present senior advisor in statistical information systems for sustainable development, was found willing to interview the author Reimund Mink.


We study competing mechanism games with principals simultaneously designing contracts to deal with agents. Following Epstein and Peters (1999), the traditional approach to characterize equilibrium mechanisms focuses on increasing the complexity of the agents' message spaces to incorporate all the relevant market information generated by the competing principals. Principals, instead, could not send any signal to agents. Along the lines of Myerson (1982), we extend the traditional approach to allow for principals' communication. We focus on complete information settings, and show by means of three examples that the restriction to one-sided communication mechanisms involves a loss of generality. ∗Toulouse School of Economics and University of Rome Tor Vergata, e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com †University of Rome Tor Vergata, e-mail: email@example.com ‡Ipag Business School Paris, e-mail: email@example.com


Substance use disorder (SUD) is a mental disorder that impacts the brain and behavior. People with SUD keep using the substance(s) despite knowing the harmful consequences. An individuals childhood environment is critical to later development and relationships. An individuals early relationships with their primary caregiver shape and develop their attachment style. There are two general attachment styles: secure and insecure. Additionally, an internal working model is the cognitive framework and representation of ones relationship and attachment with their primary caregiver that becomes a template for future relationships. As research regarding attachment style and substance use and SUDs relationship are scarce, this review investigated and demonstrated that insecure attachment might be a potentially significant factor in substance use and SUD. Subsequently, this review highlighted how the internal working model might also play a role in SUD. Finally, this paper can provide guidance for future intervention and treatment studies for SUD that target attachment style and the internal working model.


Chapter 1 Introduction 1 Chapter 2 Techniques of Geographic Analysis 19 Chapter 3 Physical Geography: Landforms 45 Chapter 4 Physical Geography: Weather and Climate 74 Chapter 5 Population Geography 110 Chapter 6 Cultural Geography 141 Chapter 7 Human Interaction 185 Chapter 8 Political Geography 214 Chapter 9 Economic Geography: Agriculture and Primary Activities 249 Chapter 10 Economic Geography: Manufacturing and Services 277 Chapter 11 An Urban World 301 Chapter 12 The Geography of Natural Resources 337 Chapter 13 Human Impact on the Environment 377 Appendices A-1 Glossary G-1 Index I-1


Mental model is the key to meet user's needs, improve effectiveness and reduce critical errors of the interaction in the e-book application interface development. Constructing app function rules based on mental model is a research focus in menu interface design of e-book application. In this paper, college students were selected as target user group with comparison between light users and heavy users. By interviews and observations on users' behavior of reading e-book and paper book, thus a scheme of function definition of e-book app based on users' goal and behavior needs was formed, which can be applied to construct interface layout based on college students' mental models, thus be propitious to enhancing user experience.


Digitization has brought the five hundred-year-old Gutenberg era to an end. Gutenberg's press opened the gates to our modern rational, secular world. The cultural impact of today's digital technologies, which will bring multilingual literacy to the far corners of the earth, foreshadows far greater changes. Gutenberg's contemporaries could not begin to imagine the effect of movable type on the centuries to come, nor can we imagine the far greater changes that digitization will bring, but we can see even now that the book publishing industry is in for a radical transformation.


Museum of Keraton Kasunanan Surakarta Hadiningrat is a museum located in Solo that saves a lot of cultural heritage objects of Java. But the limitation of time, cost, and location cause not everyone can see directly the objects, so the access to that objects are limited. Prototype Virtual Museum Keraton Kasunanan Surakarta Hadiningrat which utilize Web-based 3D Web Technology is expected to increase public accessibility to the historical objects as well as instructional media and the delivery of information interesting and interactive in order to preserve the cultural heritage and the development of Java.