Photodynamic therapy (PDT) utilizes a tumor-localizing photo-sensitive substance which, when activated by light of an appropriate wavelength, releases cytotoxic substances causing destruction of the malignant tumor with preservation of surrounding normal tissues. In this technique the only drug/light combination which has been used regularly is that of hematoporphyrin derivative (HPD) and red light at a wavelength of 630 nanometers usually produced by a dye or gold vapor laser. This paper describes the results of a pilot/feasibility study using this technique to treat superficial tumors of the skin and head and neck carried out in Southampton between 1983 and 1989. Ethical permission was obtained to treat only patients who had failed all other appropriate treatment modalities and for whom there was no practical alternative therapy. It became apparent that, particularly in the treatment of tumors of the head and neck, PDT would be used as one of the arms in multi-modality treatment programs replacing chemotherapy in established protocols. It was considered essential, therefore, to undertake an experimental study to determine the interrelationship between photodynamic therapy and ionizing radiation and particularly to show that PDT does not have any adverse effects on the healing following radiation therapy.


This paper investigates the optimum extraction temperature for enhanced total phenolic yields extracted from avocado fruit flesh (Persea americana) using subcritical water extraction, as well as the impact of fruit ripeness on phenol extraction efficiency. Additionally, extraction yield against extraction time was investigated for time intervals of 10 min over an overall extraction time of 30 min. The subcritical water conditions studied were 18 bar, 87 mL/min, and temperatures of 105 °C, 120 °C, and 140 °C. The total phenolic compounds content was compared for week one avocado flesh and ripe (week four) avocado flesh, with a four-week ripening period between the two samples. The results show that extracting with subcritical water at 105 °C provides the highest phenolic compounds yields of 0.11% and 0.26% by dried mass for week one and ripe fruit (week four), respectively. The experimental results also indicate that the implementation of lower extraction temperatures on week four avocado (i.e., following the selection of week one avocados and allowing them to ripen over a period of one month) enhances the phenolic compounds extraction yields by more than four times relative to the first week's sample extract, specifically during the first 20 min of extraction.


Automation of laboratory experiments can save time and energy as well as improve results[1,2]. When automating experiments using high cost equipment such as diffractometers or laser sources it is often useful to prototype the set up; this aims to prevent damage to both the equipment and the users when applied to the actual system. In this project we propose a system of building these prototypes using LEGOTM and controlling it via a standard message brokering system. The message broker used in this project is the IBMTM Microbroker, part of the WebSphere software range[3]. This is a publish/subscribe application; data producers publish a message to the Microbroker on a given topic (the content typically as XML) and data consumers subscribe to a topic, when a message is published the Microbroker determines which subscribers should receive the message. The Microbroker acts as middleware in the system, keeping the producers and consumers independent. As these parts are independent, any software publishing control messages can be used in both the prototyping and deployment stages without modification as it will only be communicating the message broker. Similarly if the software generating the control messages is changed the consumer software will continue to work, this is shown in


This paper proposes a mathematical optimization model for designing safe walking routes for children from school to homes. We focus on the existing bi-objective model, the safe walking route design problem, which minimizes both the total walking risk and the total route distances for all children from school to home. The original problem assumes that the combined routes for all children forms a directed out-tree rooted at the school. However, making this assumption excludes solutions such as those involving cycles. This paper explores how to relax the assumption that the graph is an out-tree by using a layered network constructed from the original network. Using the layered network formulation, we obtain some solutions that have better objective values than those obtained by the original formulation when we strongly emphasize reducing the risk objective. The results also show that the new formulation produces the same out-tree solution when minimization of the risk objective and the distance objective are suitably balanced.


In this paper, we propose to approximate the distribution and the moments of the number of events of a Markovian arrival process (MAP) in a time interval (0, t] by those of MAP events in an Erlang distributed random time interval. We present simple expressions for the later and show that when the order of Erlang distribution is high, the approximation is fairly accurate. The accuracy and computational efficiency of the proposed Erlangian approximation is compared with the uniformization method, and it is shown that the Erlangian method can be a useful tool in approximating the cumulative distribution function and moments of the number of MAP events.


The present paper focuses on a hybrid neural network coupled with controlled elitist type genetic algorithm for multi-response optimization in a traditional drilling process. Firstly a Back Propagation Neural Network (BPNN) structure is developed to predict the output responses like flank wear, thrust force and torque and then the multi- objective genetic algorithm (MOGA) is applied for minimizing the responses obtained from the BPNN to have an optimized cutting condition. The proposed approach is found efficient and robust as the simulated results have a close match with the experimental data.


The Jurassic sediments in the Monts de Tiarct of the Oranian High Plains (Tlemcenian Palaeogeographic Domain) and of the Western Ouarsenis (Tellian Palaeogeographic Domain) are divided in lithostratigraphic units. The following Formations in the Lower and Middle Jurass ic rocks are distinguished: Oued Bou Loual Dolomitic Formation (Hettangian - Sinemurian); Kef Sidi Amar Limestone Formation (new unit of a Dome rian - Toarcian Age); Roubia Format ion of grey-dare l imestones with crinoids of type "Grestener Schichteu" or type "celto-swab" (new unit of a Toarcian-Aalenian Age); Senan Formation of sandstones (new unit of an Early Bajoc ian Age); Nador Formation of coarse-grained or clayey l imestones (Domerian to Bathonian in some localities to Callovian). In the Upper Jurassic two different lithostra tigraphic success ions exist. In the Tlemcenian Domain a specific feature is the deve lopment of sandy-shaly sediments of the Hauts Plateaux Detritic Group - Salda Format ion of shales with sandy interca la tions (Callovain - Lower Tithonian), in which the El Gada Member of limestones and dolomites (new unit of a La te Oxfordian Age) is differentiated, and Bou Mediae Sandstone Formation (Lower Tithonian). The uppermost part of the Jurassic section in this area is represented by the Tlemcen Formation of dolomites (Tithonian). In the Tellian Domain the lithostratigraphic succession from the base to the top is as follows: Ain Hamra Formation of red nodular limestones of "Rosso ammonitico" type (new unit of an Oxfordian - Kimmeridgian, localy Tithonian Age); Slaim Limestone Formation (new unit of a Kimmeridgian Age); Ain Onega Marl Formation (new unit of a Kimmeridgian - Early Tithonian Age); Bou Rharda Formation, composed of micrtitic limestones in the base, of marls in the middle and of limestones and marl s at the top (new Formation of an Early Tithonian Age); Oued Fodda Formation of micritic limestones and marls (new unit of a Late Tithonian - Early Cretaceous Age).


508 Background: PBI is an alternative to WBI, with potentially greater therapy (tx) compliance, and better integration with chemotherapy (CTX). NSABP B-39/RTOG 0413 clinical outcome results from 2018 did not show equivalence of PBI to WBI in local tumor control; PBI was statistically inferior, but with clinically small differences. PBI may be an acceptable alternative to WBI for some women. Understanding cosmesis and quality of life (QOL) treatment outcomes is important. Methods: B-39/0413 included a prospective QOL substudy with PRO evaluation of breast cancer treatment outcomes (cosmesis, function, pain) and fatigue using BCTOS and SF-36 vitality scales. Secondary QOL parameters included treatment related symptoms, perceived convenience of care, and the BPI pain scale. The study sample was stratified by CTX or not, as CTX is given before WBI but after PBI. PRO assessments occurred before randomization, the last day of adjuvant tx [CTX or radiation], 4 wks later, and 6, 12, 24, and 36 mo later. Primary aims included comparisons of change in fatigue from baseline to end of tx and equivalency of change in cosmesis from baseline to 36 mo for PBI v WBI. Separate analyses were done for CTX and non-CTX pts, controlling for axillary dissection. Each comparison used α=0.0125. Planned sample size was 964. Results: From 3-23-05 to 5-27-09, 975 pts were enrolled in the PRO study; 950 had follow-up data. 504 did not receive CTX and 446 received CTX. In non-CTX pts, PBI had less fatigue (p=0.011) and did not meet criteria for cosmesis equivalence (97.5% CI, -0.02 to 0.22; ∆=0.20). In CTX pts, PBI had worse fatigue (p=0.011) and equivalent cosmesis to WBI (97.5% CI, -0.09 to 0.21; ∆=0.24). In both groups, PBI pts reported less pain at end of tx. In non-CTX pts, PBI had more pain at 36 mo but in CTX pts, there was no difference. Convenience of care and treatment related symptom outcomes will be presented. Conclusions: In non-CTX pts, PBI is more convenient with less fatigue and slightly poorer cosmesis at 36 mo. Cosmesis was equivalent at 36 mo in CTX pts. Support: U10CA180868, -180822, UG1CA189867. Clinical trial information: NCT00103181.


Thermomagnetic recording of analog information on chromium dioxide tape has been investigated using apparatus consisting of a magnetic head and a laser as the heating source for writing and an inductive magnetic head for reproduction. A preliminary experiment indicated that the minimum recorded wavelength obtainable was about 3 μm and that a track width of less than 5 μm was possible. Another experiment, in which the tape was transported at a speed of about 10 m/s, showed the possibility of using thermoremanent techniques for real-time recording of video signals. Also it was demonstrated that magnetic printing techniques could be used to allow a magnetooptical readout of information recorded on the tape.


Cyclodextrins (CDs) are water soluble cyclic sugars with a hydrophobic nanometric cavity that permits the formation of host/guest inclusion complexes with a large variety of molecules, alternating their physical-chemical properties. In the present review CD research related to the processing of textiles is revised and discussed. CDs may function as encapsulating, dispersing and levelling agents in the dyeing and washing of textiles. Furthermore they may be anchored to polymers and textile fibers in order to impart special properties such as odor reduction, UV protection or for the controlled release of perfumes, aromas, mosquito repellents or substances with therapeutical effects.


How is public administration theory responsible for governmental successes and failures in natural disaster response? By using postcolonial theory to name the post-Katrina cultural rebirth in Louisiana as colonialist administration, we can see how public administration theory is implicated in the need to stifle colonialist actions. In turn, we can start to assess how culture in Louisiana is currently being framed by the state. The potential for cultural dissolution, rebirth, or maintenance of the status quo arguably rests within the weathered hands of public administrators and theorists. The grounding purpose of this inquiry is to: (a) propose an interdisciplinary discursive space for postcolonialism in public administration theory and practice, and (b) examine the intersections of colonialism and the state at the juncture of responding to the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina.


Posttreatment speech problems are seen in nearly half of patients with head and neck cancer. Although there are many voice‐specific scales, surprisingly there is no speech‐specific questionnaire for English‐speaking patients with head and neck cancer. The aim of this study was to validate the Speech Handicap Index (SHI) as the first speech‐specific questionnaire in the English language.


Inflammation plays an important role in the initiation and progression of coronary heart disease(CHD).C-reactive protein(CRP) is an important factor in inflammation in vivo.Recently,many investigations have identified that CRP plays a major role in the initiation,progression and crack of atherosclerosis.It is an important factor that induces the instability and crack of the plaque.Testing CRP clinically may help the diagnosis and judgment of the severity of CHD,and also provide direction for intervention therapy.


The corpus callosum (CC) is a major telencephalic commissure containing mainly cortico‐cortical axons and glial cells. We have identified neurons in the CC of the cat and quantified their number at different postnatal ages. An antibody against microtubule‐associated protein 2 was used as a marker of neurons. Immunocytochemical double‐labelling with neuron‐specific enolase or γ‐aminobutyric acid antibodies in the absence of glial fibrillary acidic protein positivity confirmed the neuronal phenotype of these cells. CC neurons were also stained with anti‐calbindin and anti‐calretinin antibodies, typical for interneurons, and with an anti‐neurofilament antibody, which in neocortex detects pyramidal neurons. Together, these findings suggest that the CC contains a mixed population of neuronal types. The quantification was corrected for double counting of adjacent sections and volume changes during CC development. Our data show that CC neurons are numerous early postnatally, and their number decreases with age. At birth, about 570 neurons are found within the CC boundaries and their number drops to about 200 in the adult. The distribution of the neurons within the CC also changes in development. Initially, many neurons are found throughout the CC, while at later ages they become restricted to the boundaries of the CC, and in the adult to the rostrum of the CC close to the septum pellucidum or to the indusium griseum. Although origin and function of transient CC neurons in development and in adulthood remain unknown, they are likely to be interstitial neurons. Some of them have well‐developed and differentiated processes and resemble pyramidal cells or interneurons. An axon‐guiding function during the early postnatal period can not be excluded.


OBJECTIVE
To collect evidences for selecting the donors and optimal approaches for ovary transplantation.

METHODS
Fetal ovaries were sliced for microscopic examination and the number of primary oocytes and primordial follicles therein was observed. The volume of the ovaries and the external diameter of their vessels were measured and the origin of the vessels also observed.

RESULTS
Primary oocytes and primordial follicles were observed in almost equal abundance in the ovaries of the fetuses 21 weeks or older of age. The diameter of the vessels supplying the ovaries were less than 2 mm, and in 40.54% of the cases, both of the ovary vessels originated from the renal artery, with 35.14% from the aorta; in the 24.32% cases left, the vessels supplying the right ovaries started from the aorta and the other from the renal artery.

CONCLUSION
The ovaries of the fetuses 21 weeks or older of age can be used as donors for transplantation, preferentially for implantation, but the vessels are too thin for uneventful anastomosis.


Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmed S. Watson; subgenus Acnida, sub section Saueranthus) is one of the most common and problematic weeds in agronomic crop production throughout the southern United States (Webster 2005). Since the mid-1990s, when glyphosate-resistant (GR) crops were com mercialized, glyphosate has been extensively used to effectively and economi cally manage Palmer amaranth (Culpepper and York 1998; Grichar et al. 2004). Many cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) growers transitioned away from soilapplied residual herbicides and cultivation for weed control to production systems that relied heavily on glyphosate applied multiple times throughout the season as the sole means of managing Palmer amaranth and other trouble some weeds. The adoption of GR technology also provided growers with the capabilities needed to rapidly adopt conservation tillage production systems, further increasing their dependence on herbicides, especially glyphosate. The selection pressure arising from this unprecedented use of glyphosate over space and lime subsequently led to the evolution of GR biotypes in Palmer amaranth (( ulpepper et al.2006: Heap 2010). Beginning in 2005,many Georgia growers were forced to abandon their cotton crops due to the inability to


The purpose of this paper is to show the role and authority of the Notary Public profession as a non-ASN official, and the need for a change in notary law politics in the form of changes to the formation of Notary regulations in the future so as to better guarantee justice and welfare for the Notaries. This study uses a normative juridical type of research with the specification of the study conducted analytically descriptive. Normative research uses secondary data types, namely data obtained from library studies. Data collection methods used by conducting Library Research (literature study) and techniques used in deciphering and processing the data collected is a qualitative description.Weaknesses of Notary regulations, both in the Civil Code and statutory regulations, are said by State officials but in practice the Notary independently looks for his own clients, so that it is more appropriate to say a general profession than State officials because they do not receive salary from the State and the role of the Notary from time to time is not doubt. Thanks to the performance of the Notary, economic traffic is particularly related to agreements, commitments, inheritance, etc., legal actions by the people who need and carry out legal actions helped in proving authentic deeds, so that they get legal certainty.This writing concludes that the Notary Public is a public official who is not an ASN official and needs further study by the government in the future in revising the Notary regulations. Also his advice on notary legal politics needs to be changed and the government of the relevant institutions authorized to form legislation should involve senior Notaries in revising Notary regulations.Keywords: Political Law; Notary; Justice.


Fuzzy Relations. Direct Problem Resolution Fuzzy Relation Equations Fuzzy Relational Inclusions Fuzzy Linear Systems -- Dual Approach Direct and Inverse Problems in Intuitionistic Fuzzy Relational Calculus L-Fuzzy Finite Machines Fuzzy Languages in Syntactic Pattern Recognition Applications as Inference Engine Software Description


Mr. President and Gentlemen of the Medical Society of Georgia: First, let me thank you for the kind invitation of your dis tinguished president, which gives me the pleasure of being with you to-day, and the honor of reading a paper before your Association. For a time I was at a loss to know what subject to select, but finally concluded that it might prove of interest to report my work in appendicitis for the past year, and to discuss a few practical points connected with the disease. An analysis of the twenty-six cases reported will show that nineteen were of the chronic form, and seven of the acute; that thirteen occurred in males and thirteen in females; that twenty-five recovered and one died.* So much has been written on appendicitis that I do not pro pose to discuss the subject systematically, but simply wish to give my views briefly on several questions in which there are still legitimate differences of opinion, and thus invite a gen eral discussion of the subject on the part of the society. 4^


The application of new technology in shrimp ponds, autofeeder, has many advantages, but carries a greater risk compared to conventional shrimp ponds, therefore a more structured analysis is needed to decide the best shrimp pond technology. The comparison is seen from business processes, productivity, financial and risk. The results of business process efficiency level with conventional worth 67.19% while for the autofeeder level worth 88.71%. The productivity results show FCR 1.34 (conventional) and 1.34 (autofeeder); SR 79% (conventional) and 90% (autofeeder); and productivity of 13 tons / ha (conventional) and 25 tons / ha (autofeeder). The financial shows an NPV of Rp 1, 515, 178.503 (conventional) and Rp 7, 721, 596, 229 (autofeeder); IRR 38.24% (conventional) and 51.23% (autofeeder); payback period 2.68 years (conventional) and 2.17 years (autofeeder); BCR 1, 696 (conventional) and 2, 065 (autofeeder). Furthermore, for the calculation of risk consisting of production risk and revenue risk with a total risk of 6% for conventional and 31% for autofeeder. In the results of technology selection with an assessment of the 15 criteria above, the results obtained 4 criteria are better for conventional technology and 11 criteria are better for autofeeder technology. So between the two technologies, the selected shrimp pond system is the Autofeeder technology.


This work responds to the gap in integrating the Internet-of-Things in Continuous Improvement processes, especially to facilitate diagnosis and problem-solving activities regarding manufacturing workstations. An innovative approach, named Automatic Detailed Diagnosis (ADD), is proposed: a non-intrusive, easy-to-install and use, low-cost and flexible system based on industrial Internet-of-Things platforms and devices. The ADD requirements and architecture were systematized from the Continuous Improvement knowledge field, and with the help of Lean Manufacturing professionals. The developed ADD concept is composed of a network of low-power devices with a variety of sensors. Colored light and vibration sensors are used to monitor equipment status, and Bluetooth low-energy and time-of-flight sensors monitor operators' movements and tasks. A cloud-based platform receives and stores the collected data. That information is retrieved by an application that builds a detailed report on operator–machine interaction. The ADD prototype was tested in a case study carried out in a mold-making company. The ADD was able to detect time performance with an accuracy between 89% and 96%, involving uptime, micro-stops, and setups. In addition, these states were correlated with the operators' movements and actions.


Thrips occur in lower numbers on certain colors of flowers and with the use of certain reflective mulches. A series of experiments was conducted to evaluate the potential of foliar application of selected colors of tempera paints on tomato [Solanum lycopersicum L. (syn.: Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)] plants as an alternative to plastic mulches for reducing numbers of thrips and incidence of tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV). Two preliminary greenhouse experiments were conducted in Winter/early Spring 2005 and Fall 2005 to evaluate possible adverse effects of selected tempera paints on growth and early yield of tomato in Auburn, Alabama. Brilliant red, cerise, crimson, jazz orange, or purple tempera paint was applied weekly to foliage of container-grown plants until first harvest. Paint treatments did not significantly reduce plant height in comparison with nontreated plants in either the winter/early spring or fall experiment; fruit yield was reduced on plants treated with purple paint in the spring experiment and all paint colors (except cerise) in the fall experiment. Four subsequent field experiments were conducted in 2006 and 2007 in Shorter and Auburn, Alabama, to evaluate the effects of the same foliar-applied paints on tomato yield, occurrence of thrips, and incidence of TSWV. Plants sprayed with jazz orange paint exhibited reduced yield of marketable fruit in only one of the four crops; otherwise, total weight of marketable fruit from paint-treated plants showed no significant reduction compared with nontreated plants. There was an indication of reduction in thrips numbers on painted plants when evaluated prebloom but not postbloom. Paint treatments did not significantly reduce occurrence of TSWV.


An exact analysis is given of the natural frequencies and mode shapes of an unsupported elliptical plate whose thickness varies in a lenticular manner, vanishing at the boundary. Account is also taken of middle-surface stresses arising from a planar quadratic temperature distribution.


The buried depth of a coal seam determines the temperature at which CO2 and coal interact. To better understand CO2 sequestration, the pore structure and organic functional groups of coal treated with different ScCO2 temperatures were studied. In this study, three different rank coals were treated with ScCO2 at different temperatures under 8 MPa for 96 h in a geochemical reactor. The changes in pore structure and chemical structure of coal after ScCO2 treatment were analyzed using mercury intrusion porosimetry, attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy, fractal theory, and curve fitting. The results show that the enhancement effect of ScCO2 on pore structure of coal becomes less significant as the increase of buried depth. In most of the treated coal samples, the variation proportion of mesopores decreased and the variation proportion of macropores increased. In the relatively higher rank coals, the degree of condensation (DOC) of aromatic rings decreased after treatment with ScCO2. The DOC values showed a U-shape relationship with temperature, and the aromaticity showed a downward trend with increasing temperature. The chemical structural changes in the relatively lower rank coal sample were complex. These findings will provide an understanding of mechanisms relevant to CO2 sequestration with enhanced coalbed methane recovery under different geothermal gradients and for different ranks of coal.


Abstract : The process of ensuring continuity of care is essential to an effective DeWitt Army Community Hospital (DACH) coordinated care marketing program focused on bringing the chronic CHAMPUS and outpatient service user into the military treatment facility's managed care system. The Family Practice Clinic at DACH is the only clinic in the facility that has a goal of insuring beneficiaries receive continuity of care by seeing the same physician over time. The review of the literature has highlighted two methods of determining continuity of care to enrolled members. Both of these methods were used to determine continuity of care in the DACH Family Practice Clinic. The first continuity index determines the patient's level of satisfaction. The second usual provider continuity index is used to determine physicians' satisfaction. However, none of the literature reviewed gave insight on ways to manage individual physician panels. Family practice clinic, Out patient service, Continuity of care.


Religion is a major social institution in the United States. While the scientific community has experienced a resurgence in the idea that there are important linkages between religion and family life and religion and health outcomes, this area of study is still in its early stages of development, scattered across multiple disciplines, and of uneven quality. To date, no book has featured both reviews of the literature and new empirical findings that define this area for the present and set the agenda for the twenty-first century. ""Religion, Families, and Health"" fills this void by bringing together leading social scientists who provide a theoretically rich, methodologically rigorous, and exciting glimpse into a fascinating social institution that continues to be extremely important in the lives of Americans.


Flicker noise up-conversion into close-in 1/f3 phase noise is still one of the major issues in the design of CMOS oscillators. Suppression techniques have been recently presented suggesting (i) adoption of a resonant network [1], (ii) reduction of transistor size [2] or (iii) insertion of source degeneration [3]. However, resonant solutions do not guarantee suppression over a wide frequency range, while the other options affect the oscillator start-up margin and degrade the "white" 1/f2 phase noise. This work presents an alternative technique that does not rely on resonant elements and does not affect both start-up margin and 1/f2 phase noise. Demonstration of the technique is described in a 65nm CMOS VCO design.


Not long now: in a little over 16 months the world's greatest sporting event will be in London. Hosting the Olympic Games is a huge burden for a country. But undeniable too are the benefits, not least the near certain boost to the tally of medals won by the UK's athletes (or, if you must, "Team GB").

The happy prospect of victorious competitors draping themselves in the Union Flag doesn't necessarily chime though with the United Kingdom's tendency to devolution in other aspects of life. With regard to medical care, …


On 14 March 1925, Jean Alexandre Barré gave a presentation titled 'Essay on a vestibulospinal tract syndrome' to the Société d'Oto-Neuro-Oculistique of Strasbourg. He described the case of a 54-year old man who experienced a sudden and disabling vertigo that led him to take complete bed rest for several days. Barré asserted that this was a new clinical entity, but also prudently mentioned that future studies were needed to confirm the syndrome. One of its most characteristic clinical manifestations was a gait with small steps, which was different from the gait abnormalities characteristic of pyramidal, extrapyramidal, and cerebellar signs. In 1931, Antonio Subirana, one of Barré's students, presented his doctoral thesis, which included 12 cases of this syndrome while also detailing its symptoms and differential diagnosis. The study of the vestibulospinal tract syndrome described by Barré once again shows us how important it is to identify symptoms, and that sometimes syndromes and signs which were described in the past have been forgotten or are underdiagnosed today.


Game models of manufacturer and retailer are established based on two modes of government's subsidy for manufacturer and consumer to analyze influence on decisions and performances of manufacturer and retailer by different subsidy modes,and compare stimulated effects on demand by different subsidy modes.Results indicate that consumer's expense decreases with two modes of government's subsidy for manufacturer and consumer from consumer's perspective,consumer can get benefit from subsidy,and the mode of government's subsidy for consumer is more available to consumer;the mode of government's subsidy for manufacturer can effectively stimulate demand from government's perspective;the mode of government's subsidy for manufacturer is more available to enterprise from enterprise's perspective.


China features large population, limited arable land and mineral resources, and lower developing capacity of marine resources. After the accession to WTO, it is imperative to strive to raise the standardization level of resources management, to foster, normalize and construct state land resources market, to administrate by law and to intensify the modernization level of resources management. Moreover, it is mandatory to attach attention to strategic and basic research, technical innovation and transfer and application of scientific achievements in order to spur the perpetual utilization of state land resources for safeguarding sustainable development of economy and society.


THE patient, a married woman (Mrs. Lloyd) aged 56, had had attacks of angioneurotic cedema at intervals throughout life. The patient's mother and one of her two daughters also suffered from attacks of angioneurotic cedema throughout life. The patient's attacks of angioneurotic cedema ceased two and a half years ago, when the hands and feet first began to get hard and stiff. When she was first shown to the Section in April last she could walk easily, but now only with the greatest difficulty. The thickening of the skin has extended up the limbs and has grown progressively worse, and the joints have become stiffer and more creaky, showing that changes are taking place within the joint structures as well as in the skin around. Various methods of treatment have been adopted. Among the drugs employed may be mentioned: Extract of. ergot, 4 gr. thrice daily, February 18, for two weeks; calcium lactate, 15 gr. thrice daily for two weeks; thyroid extract, 5 gr. thrice daily for two weeks. In May she was admitted to the West End Hospital for Diseases of the Nervous System, where she had fibrolysin injections, 1 c.c. daily. In June massage and galvanism were administered to the hands, arms, and feet. Subsequently extract of pituitary body was tried. At different times in July sauerin tabloids, sodium salicylate, and castor oil at night were given, with the object of improving the condition of the intestinal tract. Recently phosphoric acid has been prescribed. In spite of careful diet and all this medicinal and electrical treatment she has become progressively worse. The exhibitor asks for opinions on the associated joint changes and for suggestions as to treatment by organic extracts or other measures.


This paper introduces semi-industrial test for recirculation characteristics of vertical type natural circulation steam generators at high temperature and high pressure test rigs.The experimental data of circulation ratio ,resistance, effect of SG level on the circulation ratio are reported. Furthermore,a comparison of published reference data and our experimental data is presented,and suggestions are made for the improvement of the structural design


It is well appreciated that oxygen- and nutrient-limiting gradients characterize microenvironments within chronic infections that foster bacterial tolerance to treatment and the immune response. However, determining how bacteria respond to these microenvironments has been limited by a lack of tools to study bacterial functions at the relevant spatial scales in situ. Here we report the application of the hybridization chain reaction (HCR) v3.0 to Pseudomonas aeruginosa aggregates as a step towards this end. As proof-of-principle, we visualize the expression of genes needed for the production of alginate (algD) and the dissimilatory nitrate reductase (narG). Using an inducible bacterial gene expression construct to calibrate the HCR signal, we were able to quantify algD and narG gene expression across microenvironmental gradients both within single aggregates and within aggregate populations using the Agar Block Biofilm Assay (ABBA). For the ABBA population, alginate gene expression was restricted to hypoxic regions within the environment (~40-200 μM O2), as measured by an oxygen microelectrode. Within individual biofilm aggregates, cells proximal to the surface expressed alginate genes to a greater extent than interior cells. Lastly, mucoid biofilms consumed more oxygen than nonmucoid biofilms. These results establish that HCR has a sensitive dynamic range and can be used to resolve subtle differences in gene expression at spatial scales relevant to microbial assemblages. Because HCR v3.0 can be performed on diverse cell types, this methodological advance has the potential to enable quantitative studies of microbial gene expression in diverse contexts, including pathogen behavior in human chronic infections. Importance The visualization of microbial activities in natural environments is an important goal for numerous studies in microbial ecology, be the environment a sediment, soil, or infected human tissue. Here we report the application of the hybridization chain reaction (HCR) v3.0 to measure microbial gene expression in situ at single-cell resolution in aggregate biofilms. Using Pseudomonas aeruginosa with a tunable gene expression system, we show that this methodology is quantitative. Leveraging HCR v3.0 to measure gene expression within a P. aeruginosa aggregate, we find that bacteria just below the aggregate surface are the primary cells expressing genes that protect the population against antibiotics and the immune system. This observation suggests that therapies targeting bacteria growing with small amounts of oxygen may be most effective against these hard-to-treat infections. More generally, HCR v3.0 has potential for broad application into microbial activities in situ at small spatial scales.


Introduction: An increased incidence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) was reported among agricultural workers who were exposed to organophosphates (OP). There is little information on the effects of chronic low OP exposure on kidney in experimental animals. Chlorpyrifos (CPF) is a common type of OP used in agriculture. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the effects of chronic low subcutaneous exposure of CPF on the kidney. Methods. Eighteen male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into three groups, with six rats in each group. Group 1 served as a control group, and groups 2 and 3 received a subcutaneous vehicle (3% dimethyl sulfoxide + 97% v/v soy oil) or CPF (18.0 mg/kg) respectively, every other day for 180 days. Serum urea, creatinine, uric acid, cystatin C, electrolyte levels, acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and arylesterase (ArE) activities were measured. Histopathological changes in the kidney tissues were examined. Results. Urea, creatinine, uric acid, and cystatin C levels were significantly increased (p < 0.05), while electrolytes were reduced (p < 0.05) in the CPF-treated rats. Both AChE and ArE activities were depressed in the CPF group (p < 0.01 and p < 0.001, respectively). Diffuse necrosis of proximal tubules and glomerular hypercellularity were observed in the kidney in the CPF group. Conclusion. A chronic low dose of CPF via subcutaneous exposure caused considerable renal tubular necrosis and derangement of glomerular function. These findings suggest that chronic occupational OPs exposure can cause kidney damage.


'Flabby tissue is defined as excessive, movable tissue'. Flabby tissue or hypermobile ridge tissue is commonly seen in the anterior part of the edentulous maxillary ridge or overlying an atrophic knife-edge mandibular ridge. Dentures on flabby ridges have compromised stability, support, and retention unless adequate measures for its management are employed. Methods applied for flabby ridge management, include surgical removal and augmentation, special impression techniques, balanced distribution of occlusal loads and implant therapy. This article reviews the various prosthodontic treatment modalities regarding the flabby tissue condition such as impression techniques and its modifications, implant supported prosthesis, and other prosthetic options.


This study examines the implication of contract farming on Olam Out-growers farming scheme in Kwara State, Nigeria. The objectives of the study are to determine the costs and returns to production of rice, assess the productivity level of rice, evaluate the technical efficiency of rice farm and identify the determinants of the technical inefficiency of the rice farms in contract farming. In this study, the average net farm income of the rice farmers under the scheme was N191,862.56 and the land productivity level was 2,006.04kg/ha. The technical efficiency of the rice farm was estimated using Cobb-Douglas Stochastic Frontier Production function which shows that likelihood coefficients for quality of seeds, hired labour and farm size were statistically significant at 1% level. Likewise, the determinants of technical efficiency among the farmers were household size and farming experience. The results further show that the contract farming scheme has a positive impact on the lives of rice farmers. Therefore, there is a need for partnership with private contract farming outfits in order to improve the current level of access to inputs by rice farmers.
Keywords: Contract farming, Out-growers rice farmers, Technical efficiency, Farm income


Firms use different attribution strategies such as last-click or first-click attribution to assign conversion credits to search keywords that appear in their consumers' paths to purchase. These attributed credits impact a firm's future bidding and budget allocations among keywords and, in turn, determine the overall return-on-investment of search campaigns. In this paper, we model the relationship among the advertiser's bidding decision for keywords, the search engine's ranking decision for these keywords, and the consumer's click-through rate and conversion rate on each keyword, and analyze the impact of the attribution strategy on the overall return-on-investment of paid search advertising.We estimate our simultaneous equations model using a six-month panel data of several hundred keywords from an online jewelry retailer. The data comprises a quasi-experiment as the firm changed attribution strategy from last-click to first-click attribution halfway through the data window. Our results show that returns for keyword investments vary significantly under the different attribution strategies. For the focal firm, first-click attribution leads to lower revenue returns and a more pronounced decrease for more specific keywords. Our policy simulation exercise shows how the firm can increase its overall returns by better attributing the real contribution of keywords. We discuss how an appropriate attribution strategy can help firms to better target customers and lower acquisition costs in the context of paid search advertising.Data, as supplemental material, are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mksc.2016.0987 .


Welcome to my house.It's not very big but it's very beautiful.We moved in the house in 2003.There are three bedrooms,a bathroom,a kitchen and a sitting-room.I have my own bedroom.Look,there is a pink telephone and a pink


DEAR EDITOR, Frontal fibrosing alopecia (FFA) is an uncommon clinical variant of lichen planopilaris (LPP), presenting with band-like scarring alopecia (SA) involving the hairline, first described by Kossard in 1994. Lately, familial cases of FFA have been reported in both white and black patients, suggesting among other factors the possibility of genetic inheritance. There is a paucity of information on the epidemiology of FFA in black patients, with only one report by Miteva et al. in Miami, wherein they reported on 11 (7 8%) of 141 African American patients having FFA, 10 female and one male. No published reports were found regarding cases from Africa. The intention of this 5-year retrospective review is to provide insight on the demographic and clinical profile of black patients with FFA in South Africa. We reviewed single-centre case notes and clinical pictures of patients presenting with a histopathologically confirmed diagnosis of FFA between 2006 and 2012, inclusive. In total 44 patients were seen; 20 had FFA only and 24 had associated lichen planus pigmentosus. This study will focus on the 20 patients with FFA only, 19 (95%) female and one (5%) male, whose clinical data are summarized in Table 1. The age of onset ranged from 27 to 66 years, with a mean of 42 years. Most were African (19, 95%), with one (5%) female Indian patient. Fourteen of the 19 women (74%) were premenopausal. Only one patient (5%) had a positive family history, citing her mother and first cousin as being affected. FFA involved the frontotemporal region in all 20 cases, while two of the patients had associated patchy LPP. Traction alopecia (TA) presented in the majority of African female patients (n = 17), of whom 14 complained of hairline loss. Seven patients in total (35%) had pruritus, one of whom also had painful, tender pustules. Histology confirmed LPP in all of the patients except one, who declined biopsy. Histology showed typical features of LPP, consisting of follicular loss with perifollicular fibrosis and lichenoid inflammation around hair follicles. Only two patients (10%) had both eyebrow and limb hair loss, while eight (40%) had eyebrow loss and none had facial papules. All 18 female African patients (90%) admitted to using chemicals or had traction-inducing hairstyles. The lonely hair sign (Figs 1, 2) described by Tosti et al. was detected in 70% of the African patients with FFA. Loss of follicular ostia as a hallmark sign of scarring alopecia may be misleading, as five patients (25%) had prominent follicular ostia despite histological confirmation of a scarring process (Figs 1, 2). Cutaneous or mucosal lesions of lichen planus were not observed. Treatment included hydroxychloroquine 200 mg twice daily for 6–12 months, clobetasol dipropionate, tacrolimus 0 1% and minoxidil 2%. Traction-inducing hairstyles and frequent use of chemical relaxers were discouraged. Wigs instead of weaving were recommended for those with extensive disease. The cases of FFA reported in the literature have been mainly in postmenopausal white women. While Miteva et al. reported the occurrence of FFA in 11 postmenopausal black patients, our patients were predominantly premenopausal (74%). Both this series and that of Miteva et al. confirm that FFA is not exclusively a disease of postmenopausal white women, but affects the black population as well. Our report is similar to that of Miteva et al. in that almost all of our patients had used traction and/or chemicals for grooming and had evidence of TA, creating difficulties in diagnosis. The lonely hair sign and loss of eyebrows are useful clinical signs in the early diagnosis of FFA. The age range of onset was much lower than in other studies, explicable by the early use of traction-inducing hairstyles, which probably aggravate the progression of FFA. Africans tend to be less hairy than their Indian and white counterparts, resulting in less noticeable body hair loss. This may explain why only one African patient showed limb hair loss, along with the Indian patient. At 2-year follow-up we were able to abort the progression of alopecia in five of the 20 patients with early disease who started on chloroquine and topical treatments. This is in line with the report of Chiang et al., wherein they reported the efficacy of hydroxychloroquine in patients with low LPP activity score. One patient followed up for 5 years defaulted treatment and presented with generalized hair loss resembling alopecia universalis. This supports the observation made by Chew et al. in which the process of scarring alopecia is somewhat generalized rather than confined to the hairline and eyebrows. We have documented the largest series of FFA in black patients to date, and the first report in Africa. Despite the limitations of a retrospective review, we have shown that FFA can be easily confused with TA, as these two conditions often coexist in Africans, supporting the assertions of Miteva et al. and Tosti et al. While other studies have shown absence of follicular ostia as a hallmark of SA, we have shown that this is not necessarily so, and can be misleading. Therapeutic options are limited, and the goal of treatment is making early diagnosis, thus aborting active disease progression to minimize SA. Long-term prospective cohort studies are needed to elucidate BJD British Journal of Dermatology


In order to study the slagging characteristics of boiler refractory liners during pulverized coal stream combustion,the slag samples of pulverized coal stream combusting experiments were investigated by optics microscope,X-ray diffraction(XRD),and the slagging samples' properties of morphology,crystal and the sintering characteristics between ash compositions and refractory material in high temperature were studied.The results show that during pulverous coal with less alkalescence metal-oxide in its ash combusting,the molten coal ash has large crystallinity with SiC block than with corundum block.The minimum crystallinity of ash with corundum block is(about) 35% while the coke granule catch fire and burn,and the maximum crystallinity of ash with SiC block is 58% or so while the coke granule come into the maximal combustion intensity area.The crystallinity preferably reflects the viscidity action between molten ash dregs and refractory blocks.


Objective: To probe CNTF changes in injuried sciatic nerve for 2wk.Methods: By anti-CNTF antibody, Western Blot was used to exam the different expression of CNTF in the distal stump of transected sciatic nerve for 2wk and normal sciatic nerve.Results: Special positive band was found around 22kD in normal nerve , no band in the distal stump of the injuried sciatic nerve. Conclusion:The expression of CNTF was in normal level in the normal sciatic nerve and decreased significantly in the distal stump of injuried nerve. [


The data on the state of the functional metabolic status-neutrophilic granulocytes in washes from the skin surface aff ected by S. aureus after therapy with incoherent monochromatic light with a wavelength of 450±10 nm are presented. The results of the study showed that in patients with staphylococcal lesions of the skin a violation of phagocytic activity, oxygen-dependent metabolism in the NBT-test is recorded. The use of light with a wavelength of 450±10 nm helps to reduce the infl ammatory response, edema, and restore the functional potential of neutrophilic granulocytes.


9 of 15 patients, including 1 man, with advanced mammary cancer were improved by treatment with a combination of 50 mg of progesterone and 5 mg of estradiol benzoate administered intramuscularly every day. The effectiveness of estradiol and progesterone therapy was evaluated on the basis of its influence on the state of well-being of the patients, the relief of pain, changes in visible or palpable tumors, and alterations in bone metastases as revealed by X-ray examination. 7 of the 9 patients who improved with treatment had previously responded to endocrine therapy (adrenalectomy, hypophysectomy, castration, estrogen, or androgen). Serum alkaline phosphatase concentrations rose during the first 2 weeks of treatment in all patients in whom the disease ameliorat ed, but in only 2 of the 6 who were not improved. No toxic or adverse reactions were observed. Although the benefit secured by this treatment was sometimes short-lived, the results seemed sufficiently encouraging to merit more exhaustive trials.


This paper has three major components that the General Mongolia,Mongolian Shamanism of the impact of the Mongolian language,literature,art and cultural relics of the shaman.By historical and cultural point of view,the thesis researches and sorts out the history of the Mongolian culture Bo occurrence and development of change and modernization process of the transformation.Since 1979,summed up the Mongolian culture Bo research results,the author made a summary of research status.Through the researches on Mongolian Bo,we can enrich our understanding of Mongolian culture Bo.


Informal learning resources have the potential to reach millions of currently underserved learners teaching themselves about the basics of computing using the Web, example code, peer networks, books, and other materials. In this paper, we investigate the effectiveness of case-based learning aids (CBLAs) as a resource to scaffold informal education in scripting for web and graphic design. We present the design of a new CBLA called ScriptABLE and outline initial evaluation results with respect to its ability to foster both programming ability and more expert understanding of computing concepts.


Two medical students say that they were unprepared for the task of treating casualties of the Kashmir earthquake, since they had not had any training in disaster management.


The utility model discloses an all-optic logic gate device, aiming at providing an all-optical logic gate design with simple structure and good performance. The utility model comprises a beam splitting/combining element (110), a non-linear medium (120), a non-linear medium (130) and a beam splitting/combining element (140). Wherein, the beam splitting/combining element (110) and the beam splitting/combining element (140) constitute a Mach-Zehnder interferometer. The non-linear medium (120) and (130) are arranged at the two interference arms of the Mach-Zehnder interferometer, wherein the non-linear medium (120) is arranged at the center part. The utility model may be applied to the optical fiber communication field.


An analysis is presented of the various phonon contributions to the thermal conductivity of CaF2 doped with 1·0% and 0·1 % of yttrium or thulium. The broad phonon resonant scattering term is found to reduce the low frequency phonon conduction significantly. This is responsible for the relatively stronger suppression of the conductivity at low temperatures in the phonon boundary scattering region. Thus broad quasilocalized phonon resonant scattering mechanisms have a similar effect to phonon precipitate scattering. It also follows that, in the case of a broad resonant scattering mechanism, a dip will not necessarily be seen in the conductivity.


FIELD: process engineering. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to metal forming designed to produce ultra-fine-grain structure increasing physical and mechanical properties of parts and can be used in machine building, aircraft engineering and medicine. Method comprises intensive plastic deformation by multiple all-around forging. At every forging stage, strain direction is successively changes along three axes of coordinates. Forging is started in billet material forging temperature range. Then temperature is decreased after every or several deformation stages to temperature below recrystallisation threshold. Forging is performed inside mold cavity in plain-strain condition. Biller size is reduced in direction of first axis of coordinates that complies with strain force direction. Billet size is increased in direction of second axis of coordinates on the biller free side. Billet size is maintained in direction of third axis of coordinates on billet fixed side. Billet size in direction of first axis of coordinates does not exceed that in direction of third axis of coordinates. Machining is made in several cycles to produced accumulated strain degree making at least 3. EFFECT: improved physical and mechanical properties, higher process efficiency. 4 cl, 1 ex, 2 dwg


The Raman (3100–10 cm−1) and infrared spectra (3100–30 cm−1) of propionyl fluoride in the gas and solid phases were recorded. Additionally, the Raman spectrum of the liquid and the qualitative depolarization ratios were also obtained. From these data a complete vibrational assignment is proposed for an s-trans/gauche equilibrium in the gas and liquid phases, with the s-trans conformer (the CH3 moiety is s-trans to the fluorine atom) being the most stable form in both of these physical states and the only form present in the solid phase. A new potential function has been calculated from the data previously obtained from the far-infrared spectrum of the gas. The determined potential coefficients are V1 = 328 ± 6, V2 = 239 ± 8, V3 = 417 ± 3, V4 = 30 ± 3 and V6 = −4 ± 2 cm−1, and values of 720 ± 8 (2.06 ± 0.02 kcal mol−1) and 297 ± 9 cm−1 (0.85 ± 0.02 kcal mol−1), respectively, were obtained for the s-trans to gauche and gauche to gauche barriers to internal rotation of the CFO moiety. Additionally, the s-trans conformer was determined to be 448 ± 17 cm−1 (1.28 ± 0.05 kcal mol−1) more stable than the gauche conformer. From the study of the Raman spectrum obtaind for the liquid at different temperatures, a value of 267 ± 12 cm−1 (0.76 ± 0.03 kcal mol−1) was determined for ΔH between the two conformers. The structural parameters, conformational stabilities, barriers to internal rotation and fundamental vibrational frequencies which were determined experimentally are compared with those obtained from ab initio Hartree-Fock gradient calculations employing both the RHF/3-21G and RHF/6–31G* basis sets, and with the corresponding quantities obtained for some similar molecules.


A novel image retrieval algorithm based on color and texture is presented in the paper. Firstly, the entropy of each color component is computed as color feature based on block truncation coding (BTC). Then, the traditional gray level cooccurrence matrix (GLCM) is extended to neighbor statistic moment level co-occurrence matrix (MLCM), and then the texture feature is extracted based on MLCM. Finally, the weighted color and texture feature are fused together for image retrieval. Experimental results show that the proposed method get higher performance than the other methods mentioned in the paper.


A vectorization method for line patterns is proposed which converts digital binary images into line segment vectors. The vector data is more compact and more natural than that obtained by conventional methods using thinning operations. The proposed method consisted of four steps. First, thinning of an input binary image is performed. Then a medical line image obtained by the thinning operation is transformed into a graph, in which pixels on the medial line correspond to nodes and neighboring nodes are connected by edges. Next, extra edges unnecessary for preserving the topology of the medial line image are deleted. The deletion can be implemented as an iterative parallel operation. Finally, the graph is simplified by line approximation. Every step except the line approximation is suitable for parallel processing. The experimental results of applying the proposed method to geographical maps show that the method reduces data volume by about 30%, as compared with conventional methods.<<ETX>>


Special Art works are constructions developed with the purpose of transpose obstacles, increasingly facilitating the access and transportation of users. These structures are subject to external actions due to environmental weathering which may shorten their useful life. For these reasons, it is extremely important to carry out surveys to find anomalies present in order to monitor the state of conservation of the structure. In this context, this paper aims to analyze and evaluate the physical situation of a viaduct located at the meeting of blocks 11/12 on the Southern Axis W in Brasilia-DF, verifying its pathological manifestations. To this end, the GDE / UnB methodology was applied for quantitative assessment of the degree of deterioration of this reinforced concrete structure, classifying it according to the severity of the problems encountered by defining a degree of risk, providing the determination of priorities for this purpose maintenance actions. Concomitantly, Passive Thermography was used for qualitative analysis of the structure, which is a non-destructive technique, which consists in the perception of infrared radiation emitted by a body through devices capable of detecting and assimilating this type of heat transfer. . Following the data collected, with the GDE / Unb methodology it was possible to generate a degree of deterioration of the structure and rate as high level, and coupling with thermographic cameras visualized pathological manifestations, such as moisture stains, presence of sludge on the curtain walls, exposed reinforcement, loss concrete section, efflorescences coating peeling, and it is possible to propose admissible actions that seek to suppress the problems in question.


This study proposes a convolutional neural network based image translation framework to faithfully realize the super-resolution of radar sensor sparse measurement. We exploited the Autoencoder model able to learn a latent representation of input domain data via the iteration of encoding and decoding processes. Based on the belief that the low resolution data retains an essential measurement to fully represent the sparse information of the high resolution counterpart, we assumed that input (source domain of low-resolution denoted by <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$X$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) and output (target domain of high-resolution denoted by <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$Y$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) share a common latent code. On the other hand, from the observation that the recovery quality of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$Y$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-to-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$Y$ </tex-math></inline-formula> translation is far more favorable than the outcome from <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$X$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-to-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$Y$ </tex-math></inline-formula> translation, we performed the pre-training for finding the latent code (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$z_{y}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) of the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$Y$ </tex-math></inline-formula> domain data, and subsequently the acquired <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$z_{y}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> serving as a label for predicting the latent code (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$z_{x}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$X$ </tex-math></inline-formula> domain data. As a result, in our proposed network, encoder and decoder parts were trained with separate minimization strategies relative to respective loss functions. For the sake of verifying the effect of the pre-training scheme, we introduced hyper-parameters, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\alpha $ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\beta $ </tex-math></inline-formula>, to regulate the training rate for the encoder and decoder parts respectively. As metrics for quantitative assessment, detection rate (DR), false alarm rate (FAR) and ROC curve were utilized. Our network set with 0.9 of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\alpha $ </tex-math></inline-formula> and 0.1 of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\beta $ </tex-math></inline-formula> showed a higher ROC curve plot across the whole range of DR and FAR than a basic Autoencoder. DRs of the proposed network and comparative model were respectively 92.23% and 91.00% at FAR of 2%.


This paper describes an air conditioning system for telecommunications equipment rooms, where a considerable number of electronic switching systems are installed closely together. With the continued introduction of new digital switching equipment, heat generation per unit floor area in equipment rooms tends to increase and be non-uniformly distributed. Therefore, it is becoming increasingly difficult to control room temperature and humidity appropriately by conventional air conditioning systems. To solve this problem, a new air conditioning system called MACS (Multi-unit Air Conditioning System) has been developed by the Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Public Corporation (NTT), which aims at high energy savings, maintainability and controllability of room temperature and humidity.


In this paper, we have developed a ventricular fibrillation detection system based on DSP processor. The developed system was able to detect VF in real time correctly and quickly. We compared the performance of the floating point simulation with that of fixed point simulation. The computational cost of fixed point simulation was remarkably reduced than that of floating point simulation.


It is now widely acknowledged that sustained economic growth in both industrial and developing countries requires the preservation of the productive capacity of natural systems and the environment. However, both conventional economic development activities and the conditions of poverty itself frequently increase stress on natural systems, and degrade the environment. Thus, maintenance of environmental quality is not automatic, but requires deliberate measures. Compounding the dilemma facing planners is a scarcity or ignorance of suitable techniques and approaches for molding environmental considerations into economic development. The Environmental and Policy Institute of the East-West Center (EAPI) is conducting a major multinational programme on assess~ me nt and economic valuation techniques for incorporating environmental considerations in development planning. The two major activities of the programme focus on (a) identifying and quantifying major changes in natural systems as a consequence of development and (b) valuing these effects and associated effects on human health and welfare in monetary terms in so far as possible. This paper describes and evaluates the work done in the second area: economic valuation of the natural systems and environmental quality effects of economic development.1 The premise of the paper, and indeed of the EAPI programme, is that there exists an urgent need to widen and improve the use of such techniques and approaches as are now available. The great task of development, the fragile nature of many environmental resources,


This work falls within the framework of the Arabic natural language processing. We are interested in parsing Arabic texts. Existing parsers generate parse trees that give an idea about the structure of the sentence without considering the syntactic functions specific to the Arabic language. Thus, the results are still insufficient in terms of syntactic information. The system we have developed in this article takes into consideration all these syntactic functions. This system begins with a morphological analysis in the context. Then, it uses a CFG grammar to extract the phrases and ends by exploiting the formalism of unification grammar and traditional grammar to combine these phrases and generate the final sentence structure.


To day highway is one of the important interregional link mediums required concerning the development of physical facilities. One of the pavement used for the construction of the highway is flexible pavement.  This pavement consist of concrete asphalt which is created by mixing the asphalt and aggregate and then added by filler. The filler is usually made of the powdery residue left after having the marshal test of the same aggregate used, to that their quality and specific gravity will be the same. If in some condition the filler can not be obtained from the residue of the same aggregate, we will have to use the alternative filler. The objective of the research is to know how well the influence of the substitute filler to the property of concreate asphalt especially compared with those filter created by the marshall test. From the result of this research can be conclueded that the time mixture of the substitute filler is different from the filler, and its specific gravity influence the quality of concreate asphalt.


This paper examines both the universal features and unique aspects of China's digitalization process. The impact of digitalization, domestically and in other Asian countries, is also explored. China's digital economy has grown rapidly since the end of the first decade of the 21st century, and compared to other countries with similar levels of economic development, China has a high rate of use of digital services. China's digitalization process is driven by both private companies and by the state's strategic initiatives, including social governance. China faces both opportunities and risks from digitalization. Workers in rural areas as well as older workers may face a higher risk of job loss through automation in the future. Chinese IT companies are eager to expand their activities both domestically and in foreign countries, and their investments in so-called "unicorn" companies in Southeast Asia are especially noteworthy.


This paper briefed the growth,ecological habits and natural distribution of Rhodendron latoucheae.In view of the current status of resource development,introduction and domestication and cultivation of the wild Rhodendron latoucheae resources in Hunan,focused on the protection and development measures on the landscape application to protect the wild resources,rational development and utilization with a view to increasing the diversity of landscape plants.12refs.


The effects of tillage systems on soil properties and crop productivity have been the subject of many studies to ensure sustainable productivity. Aims: In the study, the effects of different tillage methods applied in the intermediate period of wheat-maize rotation on the soil quality properties and corn yield elements were investigated in the pre-planting period (PP) and plant growth period (PGP) of corn. Methods: Conventional tillage (CT), minimum tillage with subsoiling and chisel (MT1), minimum tillage with subsoiling (MT2), minimum tillage with chisel (MT3) and direct sowing (DS) methods were compared. As a result of the tillage practices, at 0-20 cm, the highest bulk density values were measured in the DS and CT methods, and 20-40 cm was determined in the CT method. The penetration resistance values of the soils measured at a depth of 0-80 cm were significantly affected by the applications made in both PP and PGP. The highest saturation value was measured in the MT3, the highest field capacity and plant available water contents were measured in the DS. The effects of the applications on the chemical properties of the soil and the nutrient content of the corn plant were limited. The effects on only grain protein ratio from yield components of corn plant were significant, the highest value was measured in CT. Considering the sustainable management of soils labour requirement and lower costs it was concluded that DS and MT methods are more applicable than CT methods in terms of yield.


The determination of the angle $\gamma$ of the unitarity triangle of the CKM matrix is a challenge for the $B$-factories. In this context, $B\to\pi K$ decays received a lot of attention, providing various interesting ways to constrain and determine $\gamma$. These strategies are briefly reviewed, and their virtues and weaknesses are compared with one another.


The article examines advantages of positive information in social information processing. First, it presents a ubiquitous positivity advantage in processing speed. Then it introduces the density hypothesis as an explanation: Positive information is processed faster because it is more similar to other positive information compared to the overall similarity of negative information. Accordingly, positivity advantages are not only caused by the information's valence itself, but by a structural property of the information that strongly correlates with valence. Further, the article provides an overview of recent density effects in other social psychology paradigms (i.e., evaluative priming, person perception, and person memory). The final discussion considers possible reasons for the correlation of density and valence, which leads to the observed positivity advantages. People constantly evaluate their external environment (i.e., situations, people, stimuli) and their internal experiences (i.e., feelings, emotions); whether they should approach or avoid a situation, whether they like or dislike a person, or whether they feel good or bad. These evaluations are located on a positive-negative dimension. The present article discusses processing differences due to information's location on this valence dimension. In other words, is the stimulus ''unfriendly'' processed differently from the stimulus ''friendly'', although the only distinction between these two words is their evaluative connotation? More specifically, the article will discuss processing speed advantages of positive information relative to negative information, and suggest differential density of positive and negative information as an explanation for the advantages of positive information. 1


Many of the proponents of improved accountability in taxation support the view that tax changes can be meaningfully classified as either "tax policy" changes or "tax expenditure" changes. While echoing the call for improved accountability, the author questions the validity of maintaining this dichotomy as he undertakes a critical assessment of income tax changes in the rental housing sector between 1972 and 1992. In addition to discussing changes that directly impact the rental housing sector, the author includes measures that target closely related sectors, such as the construction sector. He concludes that the traditional dichotomy is neither feasible nor meaningful and calls for a more integrated framework. Such an integrated approach would ideally ensure that all potential ramifications of tax changes would be taken into account. This would, in turn, lay the groundwork for improved features that would comprise such an integrated framework by reference to analytical welfare economics.


Abstract:This article combines the fragmentary texts on surveying produced by Julius Frontinus, Agennius Urbicus, Balbus, and Hyginus found in the Corpus Agrimensorum Romanorum with epigraphic evidence to consider the contribution that surveyors made to geography, cartography, and Roman cosmology in the first two centuries c.e.


The constrained mock-Chebyshev least squares operator is a linear approximation operator based on an equispaced grid of points. Like other polynomial or rational approximation methods, it was recently introduced in order to defeat the Runge phenomenon that occurs when using polynomial interpolation on large sets of equally spaced points. The idea is to improve the mock-Chebyshev subset interpolation, where the considered function $f$ is interpolated only on a proper subset of the uniform grid, formed by nodes that mimic the behavior of Chebyshev--Lobatto nodes. In the mock-Chebyshev subset interpolation all remaining nodes are discarded, while in the constrained mock-Chebyshev least squares interpolation they are used in a simultaneous regression, with the aim to further improving the accuracy of the approximation provided by the mock-Chebyshev subset interpolation. The goal of this paper is two-fold. We discuss some theoretical aspects of the constrained mock-Chebyshev least squares operator and present new results. In particular, we introduce explicit representations of the error and its derivatives. Moreover, for a sufficiently smooth function $f$ in $[-1,1]$, we present a method for approximating the successive derivatives of $f$ at a point $x\in [-1,1]$, based on the constrained mock-Chebyshev least squares operator and provide estimates for these approximations. Numerical tests demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.


Abstract Legal translation has played an important part in the contact between different people and countries in the history, and it is playing an even more significant role in the increasingly globalized world nowadays. This study uses case study method and the data analysis tool voyant to explore smart learning models of certified legal translators and interpreters that they are supposed to grasp. Through the analysis of the guiding case No. 75 of The Supreme People's Court of The People's Republic of China, the graphs show that the legal translator possesses some good competences, though there are some defects in the translation that fail to exhibit the integration of all the presupposed legal translational competences completely. The results find that the prerequisites about knowledge of comparative laws, legal languages and forensic linguistics are the external framework of smart learning models; and the legal translational language competence, legal translational knowledge structures, legal translational strategic competence and context of situation are the internal model. The whole model is multi-componential, interactive, dynamic and developed.


Using unique datasets, we study the transition from adolescence to adulthood in Madagascar and Senegal among a randomly selected cohort of men and women. We analyze the determinants of schooling and formation of cognitive and non-cognitive skills, and how these affect a range of outcomes such as teenage pregnancy, fertility, marriage and the timing of entry into the labor market and the type of work performed. We highlight the importance of schooling and cognitive abilities, but additionally find that family background, including parents' education and assets, and exogenous income shocks and health shocks are also important in explaining The Growth and Labour Markets in Low Income Countries Programme (GLM | LIC) is a joint collaboration between IZA and DFID which aims to improve worldwide knowledge on labor market issues in low-income countries and provide a solid basis for capacity building and development of future labor market policies.


The prevalence of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in normal pregnant women in Taipei was measured by culturing cervical specimens in human diploid fibroblast cells. Eighteen of 100 Chinese women but none of 33 Americans yielded cervical CMV once (15 cases) or more (3 cases) during the second and third trimesters. Multiple urine specimens were examined from 58 of the Chinese and 36 Americans. CMV was recovered from one Chinese and one American, but not from their cervices. CMV was not recovered from the urine of 15 cervical positive women (59 cultures), the saliva of 11 (33 cultures), nor the placentae of 8. Five of 13 cervical positive women yielded CMV on post partum examination. Fourteen infants of cervical positive Chinese mothers and 11 infants of the next cervical negative mother to deliver were studied. None of the 25 yielded CMV in urine or saliva in the first week of life. Fourteen of these 25 infants first became positive between 6 weeks and 6 months of age and most remained positive on repeated cultures. Eight were born to previously positive mothers and 6 to previously negative mothers, indicating no direct association with the CMV status of the mother. Likewise, abortion or prematurity was not increased in infected mothers. Infected infants did not differ from uninfected in body measurements, growth, or apparent illness. Thus, the high prevalence of inapparent cervical CMV infection in the Chinese sample did not result in a high risk of fetal infection or infant disease, possibly because recovery of cervical CMV alone indicates a localized recurrence rather than generalized infection. (SPR)


Mercury emitted by power plants is one of the main pollution sources of mercury emission. How to forecast mercury emission according to the mercury content in the coal, the boiler combustion process and the treatment after combustion is being discussed. The main influencing factors are the coal's mercury content, the furnace type, the boiler's operating condition and the flue gas cleaning installation including various types of dust separators and desulphurizers. An emission correction factor is obtained by summarizing statistical reference data, and used for roughly estimating the yearly total mercury emitted by Chinese coal fired power plants. The average yearly growth rate of mercury emitted into the atmosphere by Chinese coal fired power plants between 1999 to 2003 was 9.59%, while that which went with the waste slag was 8.49%. Especially from 2002 to 2003, the growth rate got to a maximum. The total amount of mercury emitted into atmosphere by coal fired power plants in 2003 was as much as 86.8 tons, while that which went with the waste slag was 28.94 tons. Figs 4, tables 4 and refs 19.


A 42-GHz, 200-kW gyrotron was developed and tested for the Indian plasma fusion system. The gyrotron was designed for the TE0,3 operating mode. The configuration of the triode-type magnetron injection gun (MIG) with the linear RF output, undepressed collector, and face-cooled double disk window was adopted in this gyrotron because of the first development experience. The complete tube was developed and processed at Central Electronics Engineering Research Institute (CEERI), Pilani, India. The RF testing of the gyrotron was performed at the participating institute, Institute of Plasma Research (IPR), Gandhinagar, India. Due to some cooling issues in the collector region, the tube was tested by a resistive capacitor network-based power supply for a very short pulse in place of a long pulse, high voltage power supply. The tube was tested up to the beam voltage of 51 kV and a beam current of 12 A at the cavity magnetic field of 1.61 T for the short pulse of $500~\mu \text{s}$ . The tube was inserted into the magnet system consisting of a main electromagnet, auxiliary gun coils, and collector magnets. The multi-hole and single hole couplers were used to measure the RF power in the TE0,3 mode and the overall power, respectively. The measured results were also compared with the simulated results and a close agreement of the results was found. The short pulse testing confirms the electrical design and the development approach for the 42-GHz gyrotron tube.


This paper presents a comparative study of VoIP quality over 3G networks, based on Fair Usage Policy (FUP) and Access Unlimited Internet Service (AUIS) provided by two main 3G operators using Skype and a form of mobility usage, defined as semi-dynamic tests. The tests were conducted on electric train called BTS Skytrain (Sukhumvit line). After gathering data of degraded speech files from the tests with Thai speech files, they were processed using a tool called Perceptual Evaluation of Speech Quality tool (PESQ) to obtain the values of Mean Opinion Score (MOS), whereas, data of major Quality of Service (QoS) parameters, consisting of loss, delay and jitter were also gathered. Then, it has been analyzed and found that VoIP quality has been impacted by FUP because QoS parameters and MOS tend to be worse than the values from AUIS.


The widely used cone penetration test (CPT) allows in-situ measurements and interpretation of soil behaviour during continuous penetration. The traditional sensors incorporated in a cone penetrometer are for measuring cone resistance, sleeve friction, pore pressure and inclination. Many supplementary sensors have been studied and tried in research settings and in practice. Examples are sensors for natural gamma radiation, electrical resistivity and acoustic emission activity. None have yet made it to routine practice. This paper presents a review of CPT add-on sensors that (1) allow continuous penetration at 20 mm/s, (2) are robust, i.e. have no external moving parts, and (3) offer the potential for broad geotechnical value, not limited to special applications only. This review considers recent advances in electronics, sensor technology and data processing systems. A commentary is presented that provides direction for future research with the aim of enhancing CPT data towards more complex, wider applications.


While all targets have tiny difference in properties,the traditional data association algorithm based on fuzzy cluster analysis usually can not accurately verdict the association results.This paper proposes and analyzes an improved data association algorithm,then analyzed and simulated it.The simulation results show that the improved algorithm can effectively make property association in the environment of single or similar targets.


For Professor Sir Denis Pereira Gray it was the top priority of his Chairmanship of Council in the late 1980s. For the 323 Fellows by Assessment it is a source of pride and achievement, as well as a stimulus to significant subsequent academic or career developments.1 For the Royal College of General Practitioners it was the flagship that led to other quality awards, such as the Quality Practice Award and Membership by Assessment of Performance and for the NHS it has been a foundation of the Quality and Outcomes Framework (QOF) system for assessing both the quality and the outcomes of care of every British general practice. Most of all, for patients it has had a significant impact on the quality of the care that they receive in general practice.

Fellowship by Assessment (FBA) had its origins in 'What sort of doctor', a College initiative in the early 1980s,2 which assessed the performance of established GPs in the setting of their own practices. Two working parties were formed and carried out more than 35 assessment visits to test the validity, acceptability, reliability, and value of the criteria. Despite recurring problems about whether it was the practice or the practitioner being judged, they concluded that 'experienced GPs are able to reach agreement on matters of quality, criteria and levels of performance'. Twenty years later it is difficult to appreciate what a revolutionary concept this was.3

FBA then became the first scheme for the accreditation of practising clinicians in the UK, and the first College-run, on-site, practice-based assessment leading to a major professional award in the world.4 Professor Sir Denis Pereira Gray wrote the first key paper on the principles of FBA over Christmas 1987. He …


Nitrogen (N) fertilizer is commonly used to improve soil fertility and maize production in Cameroon, but high cost and potential environmental effects have necessitated site-specific N fertilization regimes that are adapted to particular soil and crop types. A field experiment was conducted with five N application rates (control–0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 kg N ha−1) to determine optimum rate for best maize yield with limited effect on soil acidification. The soil residual N ranged from 0.18 to 0.36% across N application rates and increased at higher application rates with the highest in 150 and 200 kg N ha−1. Soil C/N ratio ranged from 7.5 to 15.5 across N rates with the highest in control, which decreased at higher N application rates. Soil pH ranged from 4.7 to 5.4 across N rates, with the lowest in 200 kg N ha−1 rate. Maize grain yield and cob length ranged from 7.1 to 10.3 t ha−1 and from 14.5 to 18 cm across N rates, respectively, with the highest in 150 and 200 kg N ha−1. Maize 1000-grain weight ranged from 380 to 560 g across N application rates with the highest in 100, 150, and 200 kg N ha−1. Significant negative correlations occurred between soil pH and maize yield or 1000-grain weight. Maize N use efficiency decreased sharply at higher N application rates, as demonstrated by a strong negative correlation between the N-Partial Factor Productivity and total soil N. Overall, the lower soil pH at higher N application rates highlights the potential for deleterious effects of N fertilizer inputs on arable soils, which may eventually affect crop productivity, thereby suggesting lower N fertilization regimes between 50 and 100 kg N ha−1 as the optimum for maize production on the volcanic soils of Buea.


The ability to determine the age of fingerprints would be immeasurably beneficial in criminal investigations. We explore the possibility of determining the age of fingerprints by analyzing various compounds as they diffuse from the ridges to the valleys of fingerprints using matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging. The diffusion of two classes of endogenous fingerprint compounds, fatty acids and triacylglycerols (TGs), was studied in fresh and aged fingerprints on four surfaces. We expected higher molecular weight TGs would diffuse slower than fatty acids and allow us to determine the age of older fingerprints. However, we found interactions between endogenous compounds and the surface have a much stronger impact on diffusion than molecular weight. For example, diffusion of TGs is faster on hydrophilic plain glass or partially hydrophilic stainless steel surfaces, than on a hydrophobic Rain‐x treated surface. This result further complicates utilizing a diffusion model to age fingerprints.


From 2002 to 2006, Dr. Pflügl worked in the group of Prof. G. Strasser at the Technical University of Vienna. His work focused on the design and the fabrication of first and second order DFB lasers and quantum design of QCLs. Dr. Pflügl was then appointed a Research Associate at Harvard University in the group of Prof. Federico Capasso, where he worked for four years until founding and joining Eos Photonics in 2011. At Harvard, he worked on the development of high power QCLs and QCL-based mid-infrared spectrometers and initiated high profile collaborations with world-renowned industrial partners.


Activated carbon is used as filter medium for the removal of hazardous particles in exhaust gases, in the purification of water and also in waste water treatment. Activated carbon is used in gas purification, water purification, sewage treatment and many other applications. This concept is used to satisfy the continuously increasing demand of activated carbon at low cost.The textile industry is one of the largest producers of dye effluent. Treatment of these effluents has to be cost effective hence a number of precursors have been studied as a viable alternative adsorbent. The present work relates to efforts made towards developing a high surface area activated carbon produced from the fruit shells of sterculia foetida by chemical activation process with phosphoric acid as the activating agent the fruit shell of sterculia foetida constitute a novel precursor for the preparation of activated carbon which has not yet been identified as a source for carbon material. Experiments were conducted in lab scale using muffle furnaces under static conditions in a self–generated atmosphere covering process parameters such as Impregnation Ratio (IR), Carbonization time and Temperature. The process parameters are characterized and optimized based on the Methylene Blue number, Methyl Violet Number and the Iodine number.The adsorption of reactive orange dye onto fruit shell of sterculia foetida activated carbon from aqueous solution was investigated. The process is carried out varying the process parameters as Impregnation Ratio (1:1 to 1:6), Activation Temperature (300 to 800 oC) and Activation Time (60 to 210 min).


In order to effectively extend the lifetime of Internet of Things (IoT) devices, improve the energy efficiency of task processing, and build a self-sustaining and green edge computing system, this paper proposes an efficient and energy-saving computation offloading mechanism with energy harvesting for IoT. Specifically, based on the comprehensive consideration of local computing resource, time allocation ratio of energy harvesting, and offloading decision, an optimization problem that minimizes the total energy consumption of all user devices is formulated. In order to solve such optimization problem, a deep learning-based efficient and energy-saving offloading decision and resource allocation algorithm is proposed. The design of deep neural network architecture incorporating regularization method and the employment of the stochastic gradient descent method can accelerate the convergence rate of the developed algorithm and improve its generalization performance. Furthermore, it can minimize the total energy consumption of task processing by integrating the momentum gradient descent to solve the resource optimization allocation problem. Finally, the simulation results show that the mechanism proposed in this paper has significant advantage in convergence rate and can achieve an optimal offloading and resource allocation strategy that is close to the solution of greedy algorithm.


A detailed analysis of the DeNOx activity of the novel 0.5% Pd-30% La0.5Ba0.5CoO3/Al2O3 formulation in its application to the single-NSR and combined NSR–SCR systems is carried out using response s...


We prove that Viro's patchworking produces real algebraic curves with the maximal number of real inflection points. In particular this implies that maximally inflected real algebraic $M$-curves realize many isotopy types. The strategy we adopt in this paper is tropical: we study tropical limits of inflection points of classical plane algebraic curves. The main tropical tool we use to understand these tropical inflection points are tropical modifications.


ABSTRACT Systematicdifferences in theverylongbaselineinterferometry (VLBI) radiopolarizationstructureandaverageVLBI component speeds of BL Lacertae objects and quasarssupporttheviewthat the observationaldistinction between theseclasses, based in large part onthe strength oftheir optical lineemission, is meaningful; in other words, this distinction reflectssignificantdifferencesin the physicalconditionsinthesesources.Possible models providing a link between the optical andVLBIproperties of BL Lacertae objects and quasars are discussed. MostVLBI polarization observations to date have been globalobservations madeat 6 cm; recent results suggestthat the VLBIpolarization structure of somesources maychangedramatically onscales smaller thanthose probedby these 6-cmobservations.I. Systematic Differences in the Very LongBaselineInterferometry (VLBI) Properties of BL LacertaeObjects and QuasarsDifferences in PolarizationStructure.Ourknowledgeoftheproperties of the milliarcsecond (mas) scale jets in activegalactic nuclei


This paper investigates liquidity changes in the corporate CDS market around two events that increased market transparency in the midst of the financial crisis: the regular dissemination of post-trade data by DTCC starting November 2008, and the implementation of the Small Bang in June 2009. We build an econometric model based on intra-daily bid and ask quotes to measure liquidity and volatility in thinly traded CDS. We find that, after DTCC's release, the market-wide deterioration in CDS liquidity becomes less important for banks and major dealers, consistent with information revelation on counterparty risk. The Small Bang also improved liquidity, particularly for more illiquid CDS.


University names consist of several essential factors with each having its own special meaning and function and forming a whole linear stru cture according to the order.On the basis of a comparatively comprehensive inves tigation,it is concluded that University names in China have got 16 kinds in bin omial,26 kinds in trinomial,15 kinds in quadrinomial,and 57 kinds of types in al l.A further analysis is made about the main characteristics of university names elaborating the importance and significance of university names in their own ima ge_moulding.


The story of Phonewriting begins in the 1880's when the first practical machine, slightly smaller than a grand piano, was built. It transmitted handwriting, after a fashion, over wire between the inventor's home and his laboratory 500 yards away. Research and development produced through the decades progressive improvements in efficiency and size — down now to a 12 — by 12 — by 5½-inch compact unit to be placed on a desk. The chief technical problem of the immediate past was to develop a system that would assure satisfactory transmission of handwritten messages over all of the many types of telephone circuits.


There is a growing interest to increase temporal resolution in power system optimization models in order to improve representation of intermittent renewable generation and thus capture more variability and costs. This increase in temporal resolution, however, presents important modeling challenges since the optimization problem complexity grows with the higher number of variables and constraints needed to represent further (discrete) time periods. In this context, this paper proposes a modeling approach in continuous time, based on a pseudo-spectral representation of Chebyshev polynomials that can be applied to a variety of power system optimization problems. In particular, this paper illustrates a specific application of the proposed modeling approach to determine continuous time operation of a small-scale power system, highlighting its main advantages such as the continuous temporal resolution, straightforward implementation of differential and integral constraints needed to properly model flexibility, and reduction of computational burden. Comparison between continuous and discrete time power system operation solutions is also presented.


The invention discloses a universal serial bus (USB) device and a method for recognition of a host operating system. The method comprises the following steps: waiting for and receiving a USB command coming from a host by the USB device, judging whether the received USB command is a command for obtaining a deployment descriptor or not, if yes, confirming the host operating system according to values of a first identification bit and a second identification bit and values of length bytes in the command for obtaining the deployment descriptor, after the host operating system is confirmed, utilizing a corresponding communication protocol to carry out data communication with the host according to the host operating system, shielding files which cannot be operated under the host operating system, enabling the host to recognize and operate the USB device accurately, and enabling the USB device and the application of the USB device to be optimized.


Cretaceous rocks of northwest Texas were deposited over a landscape of Paleozoic strata, thus forming a major unconformity. That ancient landscape, the Wichita paleoplain, has been exhumed by erosion of the Cretaceous cover, thereby exposing an unconformity surface in various stages of modification. Streams ancestral to today's drainage began to form as Cretaceous seas retreated. Cretaceous dendritic drainage was gradually lowered onto a series of west-dipping Paleozoic strike ridges. Consequent trunk streams were relatively unaffected by this process, but tributaries were realigned into trellis drainage within subsequent shale valleys. High-gradient streams on the newly re-exposed paleoplain eroded headward into the Cretaceous cover. Relief on the exhumed landscape increased, and accordant summits within the Paleozoic migrated to the west by homoclinal shifting. Neogene deposits temporarily buried parts of the paleoplain and still form its western boundary. Salt dissolution and collapse contributed to beheading of several rivers that drain the Paleozoic outcrop belt. Stream captures within the paleoplain reorganized western tributaries of the Brazos into prominent right-angle bends. Present drainage is creating several sites of imminent stream capture within and around the perimeter of the Wichita paleoplain. This problem in regional geomorphology has importance in explaining aspects of subaerial unconformities and theirmore » relationship to applied geology, as in the exploration for oil and gas along unconformity surfaces.« less