Based on the monthly average reanalysis data on general circulation from the NCEP/NCAR (1961~1998) and the summertime average air temperature and 117 precipitation data for 41 years (1961~2001) from eighty meteorological stations in Shandong Province, the interannual variation characteristics of temperature during summer is discussed. The main conclusions are as follows: The first EOF eigenvector has almost shown all the variation characteristics of the temperature field. The interannual fluctuations are remarkable, with a weak linear increase. There are marked differences in summertime general circulation between the warmer and colder years. The region of marked difference lies in Eurasia and the North Pacific. In summers with negative temperature anomalies there is a positive Europe-Pacific (EUP) telecorrelation pattern in the mid-high latitudes over Eurasia and a negative Pacific-Japan (PJ) wave-train in East Asia. The situation is reversed in summers with positive temperature anomalies. This indicates that the summertime interannual variation in Shandong Province is not a local phenomena, but is the result of large scale general circulation anomalies causing large range temperature anomalies. In addition, the analyses results also show that the East Asia summer monsoon is closely related to summertime temperatures, and a stronger (weaker) summer monsoon causes a warmer (colder) summer in Shandong Province. Precipitation in the same period has a negative feedback to summertime temperatures.


DC fault protection is a major issue in multiterminal high-voltage DC current transmission systems. Most studies have focused on primary protection, which considers a different theory. However, the poor sensitivity of primary protection under high-resistance fault and maloperation still affect the protection feasibility to a certain extent. Thus, backup protection is definitely required to enhance the stability of an entire system considering the limit in primary protection. This paper proposes a backup-protection strategy based on wavelet-packet-energy entropy as mitigation for primary protection. The pole-to-ground (PG) fault with high resistance is highlighted because detecting the fault transient of PG fault with high resistance is difficult in the most primary relay. Fault detection and classification are achieved using the proposed backup-protection method based on theoretical study and simulation verification. The proposed method also presents the expected robustness of fault resistance, fault distance, and different operating conditions.


Miao martial arts drum dancing, combining sports with art, shows the two features wiht national characters and artistry . This paper, using the field investigation method, literature method and so on, the history origin, main forms , inheriting way, main characteristics and survival status of Miao martial arts drum dancing are studied. The results showed: Miao martial arts drum dancing has such values as fitness value, art and social culture value and so on. At the same time, modern diversified forms of entertainment have some impact on martial arts drum. The phenomenon embodies : Local people do not pay much attention to Miao martial arts drum dancing; Cultural heritage protection consciousness is not strong; Inheritance people are very old; Cultural quality is generally not high; The local economic level is relatively backward, which restricts the extensive development of martial arts drum, and so on. The Origin of Miao Martial Arts Drum Dancing Miao Likes Drum Dancing very much, which Created a Good Social Environment for the Birth of the Martial Arts Drum Dancing. Miao drum is the most common traditional sports event with the most national characteristics, which spreads in Jishou city, Fenghuang county, Luxi county, Baojing county, Huayuan county, Guzhang county and so on in Jishou Tujia and miao autonomous prefecture of Hunan province. Miao drum dancing has a long history, according to the historical literature, it originated from before Han dynasty, produced in the sacrificial rites of Miao.Miao drum has two kinds: Festival drum and god celebration drum. When spring festival, April 8th, drilling-bull sacrifice for ancestors worship come, Miao will have grand performance of drum dancing, ancestor worship and entertainment gods, invoke the protection of god. Because of the miao culture, history and aesthetic factors, Miao drum dancing, through the narrative style, forms the unique personality. It recreates the pictures of Miao people's life and work by a vivid dancingaction. So, it is a picture of Miao historical picture scroll and is a collection of traditional cultural symbols. There are dozens of types of dances in Miao, such as flower-drum dance, reunion drum dancing, monkey drum dancing, women's single drum dacning, man single drum dancing, etc. Its no wonder, then, that Miao martial arts drum dancing generated in such environment. Martial National Character Inspired the Creative Inspiration. In Miao culture, a very significant feature is the developed martial arts worship, the intensity of the martial spirit, that is to say, the warrior is the distinguishing feature of Miao culture. Its tough, strong morals not only can be found in the history of the text, but also from Miao's vocal art culture, totem culture and all aspects of hero worship. The founder Hong Fuqiang of Miao martial arts drum dancing is a master of Miao martial arts. Hong Fuqiang, was born in Mita village, Hulu town, Bojing countr, Hunan province on January 30, 1936. Miao rich folk culture influences his life all the time, he is good at Miao song, Miao dances, Miao martial arts, flower drum dancing, greet ing guests drum dancing, monkey drum dancing. However, Hong Fuqiang doesn't satisfied with such. When he teaches his disciples, he often join the new action into Miao drum dancing. He melts the living elements such as forging iron, Dragon Boating, towing a boat , catching fish and shrimp into Miao drum dancing. Through his efforts and constant innovation, Miao drum dancing shows a new vigor and vitality. Just because of this, more 6th International Conference on Electronics, Mechanics, Culture and Medicine (EMCM 2015) © 2016. The authors Published by Atlantis Press 470 and more people visit him and learn new drums and skilsl from him. After his retirement in 2002, Hong Fuqiang specializes in teaching drum dancing at home. In 2003, Hong Fuqiang had the inspiration to unwrapped Miao "Bahe boxing" forms one by one. He drew the sketch, deduced more than 50 drum dancing actions. He played, he changed, again and again. Then a set of new martial arts drum " Bahe Drum" generated. "Bahe Drum" is called earliest martial arts drum, and Hong Fuqiang is called the earliest founder of Miao's martial arts drum dancing.The emergence of the "Bahe Drum", changed the traditional way of playing the drums with single drum and single play. Gradually, it became tens of people playing tens of drums hundreds of people playing hundreds of drums, thousands of people playing thousands of drums. Especially, they are suitable for all kinds of opening and closing ceremonies. Under the inspiration and guidance of Hong Fuqiang, Miao in Lv Dongshan set off an upsurge of creating new drum. "Hanshan Drum", " Xiangquan Drum", "Bagua Drum" were born in succession. Martial arts drum has become a beautiful scenery line there. In February 2008, Hong Fuqiang was honored with state-level non-material cultural heritage project representative inheritance people title of Miao drum dancing because of this. Lv Dongshan area is called the cradleland of Miao martial arts drum. The Main Forms of Miao Martial Arts Drum The most outstanding characteristic about Miao drum is to simultaneously play the surface of the drum and play the edge of drum. The preside is the drumbeats the person hits the surface of drum, the accompaniment is the drumbeats the person hits the edge of the drum. The people dances while she hits the surface of the drum. One person hits the surface while the other hits the edge of drum. They cooperate with each other. Martial arts drum is so too. But martial arts drum and its group play is its innovative main expression. Which is that one person hits the edge while the other people hit the surface of the drum. At the present, there are "Bahe Drum", "Hanshan Drum", "Youyi Drum", "Xiangquan Drum", "Bagua Drum". "Hanshan Drum" is created by Long Zilin, who is a villager from Hulu Town at Lvdong mountain. What is the same with Bahe Drum is Hanshan drum blends the essence of Miao martial arts into drum dancing, which makes the Hanshan Drum stiffness, grand and spectacular. What Hanshan Drum shows is the war scene that Miao's ancestors resisted foreign enemy, which is reflected by more than 10 movements such as sweeping away the millions of enemy troops, overturning rivers and seas and so on. On the 50th anniversary celebration of Xiangxi Tujia and Miao autonomous prefecture establishment, 600 people carrying 500 drums from Baojing County played Hanshan Drum, the drum dancing with its magnificent momentum conquered many audiences on the spot. So far, more and more people are learning Hanshan Drum. It is learned that the practitioners that are learning Hanshan Drum are as many as tens of thousands of people. The students that Long Zilin teaches are more than three thousand people. What is the same with Bahe Drum is Youyi Drum, Xiangquan Drum, Bagua Drum are all taking Youyi boxing, Xiang Boxing and Bagua boxing as their action elements, which not only reflects the relaxation,lively, beauty, but also embodies the Miao boxing's stretch, strong and powerful. The pace of the players is flexible. The drumbeats are sometimes slow and sometimes soft, sometimes active, sometimes breathtaking, touching people's mind. Inheritance Ways of Miao Martial Artsdrum Teacher and Pupil Inheritance. Miao martial arts drum lays emphasizes the coordination of pace with action. A lot of martial arts movements emphasizes the higher coordination of body, which requires the players to be familiar with diversified technology. When teachers teaches someone learn Miao martial arts drum, they often adopts the teaching methods by one-on-one. This way of teacher and pupil inheritance is an important heritance way that can always keep high technology level. The skills of the talented players is also improved in this way.


Public libraries in the United States had their origins in New England during the late eighteenth century. By 1876, the significant developments included the first meeting of a professional association, and the introduction of Melvil Dewey's classification sheme. By the turn of the century, technical information was increasing and the public need for access to it led to the development of science and technology departments in public libraries. New York, Pittsburgh, Cleveland, and Detroit were among the first large public libraries to establish such departments. A unique arrangement in Chicago was an early resource-sharing project. Significant events after World War II included the establishment of the Linda Hall Library and the rise of the environmental movement. Automation, interlibrary cooperation, and continuing increases in technical publication will be prominent features on the landscape of the future as science and technology departments respond to the challenge of providing timely access to the rig...


Dairy cattle with poor temperament can cause several inconveniences during milking, leading to labor difficulties, increasing the risk of accidents with animals and workers, and compromising milk yield and quality. This study aimed to estimate variance components and genetic parameters for milking temperament and its genetic correlations with milk yield in crossbred Holstein-Gyr cattle.Data were collected at three commercial farms, resulting in 5,904 records from 1,212 primiparous and multiparous lactating cows. Milking temperament (MT), measured as the milking temperament of each cow, was assessed during pre-milking udder preparation (RP) and when fitting the milking cluster (RF) by ascribing scores from 1 (cow stands quietly) to 8 (the cow is very agitated, with vigorous movements and frequent kicking). The number of steps and kicks were also recorded during pre-milking udder preparation (SRP and KRP, respectively) and when fitting the milking cluster (SRF and KRF, respectively). Milk yield (MY) was obtained from each farm database. In two of them, MY was recorded during the monthly milk control (that could or could not coincide with the date when the milking temperament assessments were carried out) and in the remaining farm, MY was recorded on the same day that the milking temperament assessments were made. Genetic parameters were estimated using the THRGibbs1f90 program applying a threshold model, which included 89 contemporary groups as fixed effects, animal age at the assessment day and the number of days in milking as covariates, and direct additive genetic and residual effects as random effects.The heritability estimates were MT= 0.14 ± 0.03 (for both, MRP and MRF), MY= 0.11 ± 0.08, SRP= 0.05 ± 0.03, KRP= 0.14 ± 0.05, SRF= 0.10 ± 0.05, and KRF= 0.32 ± 0.16. The repeatability estimates were 0.38 ± 0.05, 0.42 ± 0.02, and 0.84 ± 0.006 for MTRP, MTRF, and MY, respectively; and 0.38 ± 0.02, 0.30 ± 0.07, 0.52 ± 0.02, and 0.46 ± 0.15 for SRP, KRP, SRF, and KRF, respectively. The estimates of most genetic correlation coefficients between MTRP-MTRF were all strong and positive (MTRR-MTRF= 0.63 ± 0.10, MTRP-SRP= 0.65 ± 0.12, MTRP-KRP= 0.56 ± 0.16, MTRF-SRF= 0.77 ± 0.06, and MTRF-KRF= 0.56 ± 0.34) except for MY (MTRP-MY= 0.26 ± 0.26 and MTRF-MY= 0.21 ± 0.23). Despite the low magnitude of MT heritability, it can be included as a selection trait in the breeding program of Holsteins-Gyr cattle, although its genetic progress will be seen only in the long term. Due to the low accuracy of the genetic correlation estimates between MT and MY and the high range of the 95% posterior density interval, it cannot be affirmed by this study that the selection of a milking temperament trait will infer on milk yield. More data is therefore needed per cow and more cows need to be observed and measured to increase the reliability of the estimation of these correlations to be able to accurately interpret the results.


High pathogenicity avian influenza virus (HPAIV) caused the worst seabird mass-mortalities on record in Europe across 2021-2022. The northern gannet (Morus bassanus) was one of the most affected species, with tens of thousands of casualties in the northeast Atlantic between April-September 2022. Disease outbreaks can drastically modify the movement ecology of animals and diminish spatial consistency, thereby increasing the potential for disease transmission. To detect potential changes in movement behaviour, we GPS-tracked breeding adults following the initial HPAIV outbreak, at three of the largest gannet breeding colonies where major mortality of adults and chicks occurred (Bass Rock, Scotland, UK; Grassholm, Wales, UK; Rouzic island, Brittany, France). Crucially, GPS-tracked birds remained faithful to their breeding sites and did not prospect other breeding colonies. They performed regular foraging trips at sea, similar to their behaviour before the outbreak. Gannet foraging effort was nonetheless lower than in 2019, thus surviving birds may have benefited from reduced intra- and interspecific food competition. Breeding colony fidelity of adult northern gannets following HPAIV mass-mortalities suggests limited long-term capacity to virus spread, which may contrast with the behaviour of adults during the disease outbreak, or with that of younger individuals.


THE purpose of this communication is to demonstrate that peritoneal dialysis can be performed safely and successfully on small infants and that the removal of boric acid and, presumably, other wate...


In this paper, we show that the velocity vector field of classical Bernoulli–Euler elastic curve is harmonic in [Formula: see text] space. We propose a new characterization for classical Bernoulli–Euler elastic curves and plot graphs of examples that satisfy this characterization.


Real eigenvalues of pseudo-Hermitian matrices, such as real matrices and $\mathcal{PT-}$symmetric matrices, frequently split into complex conjugate pairs. This is accompanied by the breaking of certain symmetries of the eigenvectors and, typically, also a drastic change in the behavior of the system. In this paper, we classify the eigenspace of pseudo-Hermitian matrices and show that such symmetry breaking occurs if and only if eigenvalues of opposite kinds collide on the real axis of the complex eigenvalue plane. This enables a classification of the disconnected regions in parameter space where all eigenvalues are real -- which correspond, physically, to the stable phases of the system. These disconnected regions are surrounded by exceptional surfaces which comprise all the real-valued exceptional points of pseudo-Hermitian matrices. The exceptional surfaces, together with the diabolic points created by their intersections, comprise all points of pseudo-Hermiticity breaking. In particular, this clarifies that the degeneracy involved in symmetry breaking is not necessarily an exceptional point. We also discuss how our study relates to conserved quantities and derive the conditions for when degeneracies caused by external symmetries are susceptible to thresholdless pseudo-Hermiticity breaking. We illustrate our results with examples from photonics, condensed matter physics, and mechanics.


The orthogonal design was used to analysis optimize extraction process of total phenolic acid from Marsdenia tenacissima. Four factors including the material ratio, extracting time, extraction temperature and mass fraction of ethanol were sudied using chlorogenic acid as control. The results showed that the order of the four factors affecting extraction efficiency was as follows: mass fraction of ethanol extraction time material liquid ratio extraction temperature. The optimal extraction process of chlorogenic acid was mass fraction of ethanol 70%, extracting time 1 h, material liquid ratio 1∶16, extraction temperature 50 ℃.


This chapter analyses the current architecture of the state with a focus on the interplay between the central level, governorates and municipalities examining the autonomy of subnational bodies, accountability mechanisms and the challenges faced by government institutions across all levels of government to effectively deliver on their mandates. It raises the (yet unanswered) question whether the creation of elected councils at governorate and local level will eventually go along with a more significant transfer of administrative, political and financial competencies. Stressing the critical function by the National Committee for the Decentralisation Reform as the centre of government (CoG) for driving the reform process, it discusses the need to further clarify mandates and procedures in order to define the future interaction across all levels in the day-to-day service delivery and the national planning and development process.


Accurate standard uvby indices are presented for 73 southern B, A, F and G stars in the V magnitude range 8.2 to 10.9. They cover all three transformation regions of the uvby system (Olsen 1983) well. Standard β indices are included for the 55 B, A, and F stars in the sample. Our results provide a useful set of secondary standards for uvbyβ CCD photometry with southern hemisphere 1−2 m class telescopes. A critical comparison with published photometry, in general based on fewer observations, is given.


Tofu dregs are industrial waste that can be used as a source of carbohydrates. However, its use in feed formulations is limited because it contains high crude fiber and low quality. The fermentation process uses a mix of microorganisms. proven to improve the nutritional quality of tofu pulp. This study ams to determine the dosage of fermented tofu pulp in feed against feed amino acids, nutrient digestibility and juvenile food conversion ratio (FCR) of vaname shrimp. The study was designed in a completely randomized design with treatment of 4 doses of fermented tofu pulp in the feed, namely 5, 10, 15 and 20%. The feed was given as much as 10% of total body weight/day to juvenile vaname shrimp measuring 0.5 g per individual kept in a glass aquarium with 20ppt media passage for 60 days. Amino acid measurement results are within the range sufficient for the needs of vaname shrimp. Analysis of variance showed that treatment had a significant effect on total digestibility, protein, crude fiber, carbohydrates and fat, but not on FCR. The highest yield was shown at a dose of 15% protein digestibility (85.62±1.576), crude fiber (87.30±1.117), carbohydrates (90.67±1.231) and a dose of 20% fat digestibility (98.75 ± 0.070) and total digestibility ( 79.70±0.222), the FCR ranges (3.237±.0.35) to (4.141±.0.64). The dosage of fermented tofu dregs with mixed microorganisms can be used 15% in the feed formulation.


The linear discrete nonstationary control system with measurable external action is considered. The solution of the problem of synthesis of two-dimensional control, providing the invariant stabilization of closed system, is presented.


The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a thin film transistor having a silicon nitride film, characterized in that the silicon nitride film is dry etched by reactive ion etching using a mixed gas including a fluorine gas and an oxygen gas, wherein the silicon nitride film is formed in a manner of contacting with a semiconductor thin film. The invention also relates to a method for manufacturing a thin film transistor, characterized by including the following steps of preparing an object to be machined on a substrate stacked with a silicon nitride film, wherein the silicon nitride film is formed in a manner of contacting with a semiconductor thin film; carrying the object to be machined into a parallel flat type dry etching device where a high frequency electrode and an opposite electrode are parallel mutually, and loading the substrate of the object to be machined on the high frequency electrode; decompressing the dry etching device, and feeding fluorin gas or oxygen into the dry etching device; and applying high frequency to the high frequency electrode so as to etch the silicon nitride film.


Oral presentations are becoming more and more important in language learning process, especially in the university environment. In Business Communication B course at Kanazawa Institute of Technology (KIT), students also have a chance learn how to do group oral presentation on some business-related topics and this is one of the most important parts in the assessment process of Business Communication B course. In this paper, a review of the literature will illustrate how this oral activity could help students develop their communication skills in business settings as well as point out some problems that EFL students might deal with while presenting in English. Then, it will introduce how this group activity is carried out and analyze some of students' perceptions towards group oral presentation in Business Communication B classes through a questionnaire.


Abstract Galicia, L.L., Estrada, K.S, Galina, C.S, Pérez, G.E, Romero, J.J. and Molina, S.R. 2006. Ultrasonography as aid for early pregnancy diagnosis in Zebu cattle in a natural mating programme. J. Appl. Anim. Res, 29: 53–58. To utilise ultrasonography in Zebu cattle to test early pregnancy, multiparous Bos indicus cows (n=74) were allocated with 2 mature Brahman bulls, which were replaced with new ones every four weeks. Cows were bled for radioimmunoassay progesterone analysis at the time of ultrasound and four days prior or after this event. The efficiency of the ultrasound findings and progesterone levels were compared wit' Kappa index using the computer programme (WIN) EPISCOPE. Ultrasound precision for early pregnancy diagnosis was 96%. Moreover, animals not clearly defined as pregnant, following examination revealed that only 54% were actually pregnant. The efficiency to detect the lack of ovarian activity was only 25% as revealed by progesterone concentrations lower than 1ng/ml. In contrast, the association between a detectable CL by ultrasound and progesterone values higher than 1ng/ml was 90%. The incidence of embryonic death was 15.4%. Based on these results the efficacy for detecting early pregnancy by ultrasound and the presence of an active CL is satisfactory, whereas the precision to detect non-cycling animal is questionable and the incidence of embryonic death is high.


Using Prescribed Fire to Protect Flowering Dogwood from Dogwood Anthracnose (Illinois) Eric J. Holzmueller (Dept of Forestry, center for Ecology, 1205 lincoln Dr—Mc 4411, southern illinois University, carbondale, il 62901, 618/453-3708, email@example.com), David J. gibson (Dept of Plant Biology, center for Ecology, southern illinois University, 1125 lincoln Drive, carbondale, il 62901) and Paul F. suchecki ( Johnston city High school, 1500 Jefferson ave, Johnston city, il 62951)


Due to a lack of statistical documentation about city population in the traditional literature. The methods of most previous studies in the past were focused on the personal experience and individual case. It is impossible for us to meet the needs of research and get reliable conclusions without new literature and new methods. The study of the Xuantong-Geographic-Questionnaire shows that the model of urban population hierarchy is not consistent with the city administrative level. It is impracticable to establish a complete sequence of historical city population by using traditional historical data. Trying to build the model of urban population hierarchy on the basis of the city administrative levels must be logically wrong.


The invention relates to a clip for fastening a component of a motor vehicle, comprising a first clip part (1) having a direction of an axis (Z) projecting head (3), wherein the first clip portion (1) having a first component (9) of the motor vehicle connected or connectable, and a second clip portion (2) with a socket-like recess (4), wherein the second clip part (2) with a second component (7) of the motor vehicle is connected or connectable with the head (3) of the first clip part (1) along the axis (Z) in the recess (4) of the second clip part (2) by overcoming a in the direction of the axis (Z) acting maximum closing force is lockingly inserted, and wherein the connected clip parts (1, 2) by one along the axis (Z) is inversely directed, minimal solvent power are detachable from each other, the minimum release force is greater than the maximum clamping force.


In this paper,two sub-swarms substituting particle swarm optimization algorithm(TSSPSO) is proposed.The algorithm parameters are analyzed and the iteration equations are amended.The new algorithm assumes that particles are divided into two sub-swarms.One sub-swarm flies toward the global best particle.and the other flies in the opposite direction.Not only its search experience and the best individual's position of its own sub-swarm,but also the best individual's position of the whole swarm can affect each particle's search during iterations.Each iteration,some bad particles of one sub-swarm are replaced with some good particles of another under a substituting probability.Then,both TSSPSO and particle swarm optimization algorithm(PSO)are used to resolve four well-known and widely used test functions' optimization problems.Results show that TSSPSO has greater efficiency,better performance and more advantages than PSO in many aspects.In addition,TSSPSO is applied to train artificial neural network to construct a practical soft-sensor of gasoline endpoint of crude distillation unit.The obtained results and comparison with actual industrial data indicate that the new method is feasible and effective in soft-sensor of gasoline endpoint.


BACKGROUND Our knowledge of the immune system becomes more and more complex due to the identification of cell subsets. Therefore, there is a demand for polyand hyperchromatic cytometry with the aim to analyze various fluorochromes simultaneously. With the Laser Scanning Cytometer (LSC; CompuCyte, Cambridge, MA) six fluorescences can be distinguished with a single scan [1]. Due to the number of PMTs the amount of simultaneously measurable fluorescences per scan is limited. Aim of this study was to use the special features of Slide based Cytometry (SBC) of changing the optical filters, to remeasure and to merge these different measurements into one data file in order to distinguish fluorochromes with similar and overlapping emission spectra. The photosensitivity of fluorochromes that are excited and emit in a similar wavelength range may be very different [2]. The number of measurable parameters per PMT was increased using photosensitivity of different fluorochromes as additional criteria. MATERIAL AND METHODS Blood specimens, stained with antibodies conjugated to the fluorochromes APC, APC-Cy5.5 and Alexa-Fluor 633 and mounted with Fluorescence mounting medium, were excited with the HeNe Laser and measured at different filter settings (670/55nm-filter for APC/ALEXA 633 and 710/10nm-filter for APC-Cy5.5). Thereafter bleaching was performed by repeated excitation with the laser at 633nm. The separate measurements (before/after bleaching and before/after filter change) were merged into one file. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION The photostability of Alexa-Fluor 633 (1.02% bleach per scan) and APC (5.74% bleach per scan) are substantially different. Therefore, after bleaching and merging both fluorochromes can be distinguished and are regarded by the software as separate parameters. The fluorochromes APC/ALEXA633 and APC-Cy5.5 can be discriminated by changing the emission filters before bleach. By sequential photobleaching, change of filters and subsequent merging of the data the number of simultaneously measurable colors can be substantially increased. Virtually "all" relevant characteristics can be quantitatively measured in individual cells. Therefore, this technological development could be an important tool in systems biology and cytomics.


Science meets Parliament is an annual two-day event conducted by Science and Technology Australia (STA). This workshop brings approximately 200 Australian scientists, from all fields, to the Australian Parliament for a series of workshop and networking events that aim to unravel the mysteries of the parliamentary and policy-making process while also providing an opportunity to meet with the nation's top parliamentarians and impress on them the importance of supporting scientific research.


Most critics maintain that Critilo and Andrenio's journey represents progress that the reader can imitate. Some assert that El Criticon is a religious work that delivers advice on how to achieve heaven. If the travelers' destination determines the meaning of their journey, the essence of "la isla de la Inmortalidad" is vital to understanding the novel. At various points, the plot line of El Criticon emphasizes the importance of endings. A harried, careless ending seems antithetical to Gracian's carefully crafted style and intricate wordplay. Mercedes Blanco admits that Andrenio fails to evolve in the pages of El Criticon, but believes that he will mature outside the scope of the novel. On the one occasion when a guide suggests to Critilo that he read a book, in this case The Odyssey, to prepare himself for the trials he is about to face in Madrid, Critilo nonetheless falls victim to Falsirena.Keywords: Andrenio; Critilo; El Criticon; Falsirena; Gracian; la isla de la Inmortalidad; The Odyssey


The characteristic and mechanism of microwave induced oxidation process and activated carbons regenerated by microwave are summarized.The suggestions and prospects are also proposed.


In the present invention, the two rolls casting machine (2), of steel containing in an amount of less number 30 wt% than 12 wt% of manganese, nearby and thickness to the final dimension less 6mm crude strip (V) the casting. After casting, the crude strip, preferably continuously hot rolling in one single pass. The method of the present invention enables the production of steel strip with good deformation behavior despite the high manganese content.


Summary: We studied the effect of gestational age and maturity on plasma zinc and copper levels at 10 and 120 days of age. The association of plasma zinc changes and body growth was also investigated. Infants were receiving a controlled intake of zinc and copper solely through a zinc-supplemented formula (4.7 mg/L of zinc and 0.16 mg/L of copper). Twenty-eight low-birthweight infants (<2,500 g) having gestational ages ranging from 33 to 40 weeks [17 with an appropriate birthweight for gestational age (AGA) and 11 small for gestational age (SGA)] were enrolled in the present study. Measurements of plasma zinc and copper concentration, weight, length, head circumference, and tricipital and subscapular skinfolds were carried out at 10 and 120 days of age. Proton-induced x-ray fluorescence technique (PIXE) was used to assess copper and zinc concentrations. At 10 days of age a significant correlation between copper concentration and gestational age was found. At 120 days of age the copper concentration was higher than at 10 days and independent of gestational age and maturity (mean ± SEM = 116 ± 5 μg/dl). At 10 days of age no significant correlation between zinc content and gestational age was found (86 ± 4 μg/dl). The plasma zinc percent change over the period from 10 to 120 days of age was positively correlated with gestational age in the whole sample as well as in AGA and SGA infants separately. The value of gestational age at which the zinc percent change turns from negative to positive was 35.6 ± 0.7 weeks for AGA, 37.4 ± 0.5 weeks for SGA, and 36.2 ± 0.5 weeks for the whole sample. No significant correlation between the increments of the measured body features and the plasma zinc change was found. Length and weight velocities were similar in AGA and SGA infants. These observations indicate that the possibility of increasing plasma zinc level by zinc supplementation depends on gestational age and maturity.


This paper develops and test a model that explains the relationship between the policy priority of the governor and legislative and their choice for the public welfare or local development policy in order to be reelected in the next vote. In the model, four hypotheses are developed and testified empirically. These hypotheses include the content that legislatives tend to choose local development policies, while governors would like to choose public welfare policies. In order to test these hypotheses, this paper used data from Gyungsangbukdo during the period from 1985 to 1999. The hypotheses are testified by the pooled regression analysis. The results of the analysis support these hypotheses.


This article describes how autoethnography, a research method that uses—and even foregrounds—personal experience, can be used as a method for studying families. We first define autoethnography, describe orientations to autoethnographic research, and review research that has used autoethnography as a method for studying families. Although autoethnography has numerous strengths, four qualities make it especially suitable for doing family research. We describe how autoethnography can allow researchers to offer insider accounts of families; study everyday, unexpected experiences of families, especially as they face unique or difficult situations; write against limited extant research about families; and make research more accessible to nonacademic audiences. We conclude by offering criteria for evaluating autoethnography, including risks and limitations of the method.


The principal component analysis(PCA) and clustering analysis(CA) were used,according to 24 h meteorological data and daily average air pollutant(SO2and NO2) concentrations between 2005—2009 in Changsha,to analyze the impact of synoptic type on air pollutant concentrations.The results show that it is easy to form high pollution concentrations during anticyclone,while cyclone and trough are beneficial for air pollutants dilution.There are some differences in the impact of synoptic types on different air pollution concentrations.The results can provide evidence for predicting air quality and control strategies in practice.


Nowadays it is believed that during armed conflicts, human rights law is not completely replaced by international humanitarian law. Nonetheless, the real effects of this new view are not fully understood yet, especially considering the fact that international humanitarian law is totally influenced by the concept of military necessity.


2a) English Summary: Characteristic for embedded systems is that they have to meet a multitude of quantitative constraints. These constraints involve the resources that a system may use (computation resources, power concumption, memory usage, communication bandwidth, costs, etc), assumptions about the environment in which it operates (arrival rates, continuous behavior), and requirements on the services that the system has to provide (timing constraints, QoS, fault tolerance, etc). Model-Driven Development (MDD) is a new software development technique in which the primary software artifacts are models providing a collection of views. Existing MDD tools for real-time embedded systems are rather sophisticated in handling functional requirements but their treatment of quantitative constraints is still very limited. Hence MDD will not realize its full potential in the embedded systems area unless the ability to handle quantitative properties is drastically improved. The goal of this project is to automatically construct abstractions of embedded system models (e.g. real-time UML) that contain sufficient information to analyze timing behavior of the original models but can still be analyzed using real-time model checkers. To begin with, we want to develop a prototype tool based on the (publicly available) DBM library that has been developed by the UPPAAL designers. DBMs are efficient data structures to represent clock constraints in timed automata. They are used in UPPAAL as the core data structure to symbolically represent timing information. We will apply our prototype implementation to a number of simple verification problems to assess and fine tune the effectiveness of the abstraction techniques. Next we intend to add the abstraction refinement technique to the full UPPAAL model checker. If feasible, we intend to combine our DBM based abstraction refinement technique with the Boolean abstraction refinement techniques used in BLAST and SLAM. The extensions will be evaluated experimentally by applying them to a series of existing benchmarks. Also, towards the end of the project, we will evaluate the ability of the tool to analyze real-time UML models.


The mechanism of crack in austenitic stainless steel flange after weld ing is analyzed, the countermeasures are put forward in view of material, forgin g, heat treatment, welding, etc.


1. Summary 1.1 The residential aspect of the Turnaround Service in Paisley is due to open in the Spring of 2009


The second generation pressurized fluidized bed combustion combined cycle (2G PFBC-CC) is one of the promising clean coal technologies. A 2 MWt pressurized spout-fluid bed gasifier was constructed in Southeast University, and the 1 MWt pressurized fluidized bed (PFB) combustor was reconstructed. These consisted of a 2G PFBC-CC pilot plant. After more than two years' adjustment and experimental study, the feasibility of the technology was verified. The fuel gas heating value produced from the partial gasifier was higher than 4.2 MJ/Nm3 that can meet the demand of gas turbine. The char residue discharged from the gasifier could be fired steadily in PFB combustor. The unburned carbon in fly ash was below 2%, and the carbon conversion of the system was more than 99%.


A Hydraulic cylinder (also called a linear hydraulic motor) is a mechanical actuator that is used to give a unidirectional force through a unidirectional stroke. It converts energy from hydraulic fluid into useful mechanical force. It uses pressurized hydraulic fluid as an input for the cylinder. Design telescopic hydraulic cylinder in 3D model using Creo 2.0, which will be checked FEA. The proposed model simulates to improve lifting load capacity for the lifting solution By changing the design and effective diameter of hydraulic cylinder we can improve the lifting load capacity and also increase hydraulic cylinder life. Finite Element analysis can be used as a tool to redesign the component if it is already designed by classical design theory.


Some consumptive financing at Bank Muamalat and BMT are intended for customers such as mortgage products (home ownership) and vehicles, several types of contracts are executed, namely Musyarakah Mutanaqishah (MMQ). However, financing in the Musyarakah Mutanaqishah (MMQ) contract pattern still faces common problems. This study focuses on knowing the implementation of the Musyarakah Mutanaqishah (MMQ) contract on housing and vehicle financing. The research method used is a descriptive qualitative method with a literature review approach with data collection techniques namely literature study. The results showed that the implementation of the MMQ contract on housing and vehicle financing at Bank Muamalat and BMT was in line with DSN MUI Fatwa No. 73/DSN-MUI/XI/2008 concerning Musyarakah Mutanaqishah (MMQ), due to the existence of terms and conditions that there is a capital contribution of both parties between Islamic financial institutions and customers. The customer asks the financial institution to issue a partnership capital for the purchase of a house/vehicle, then the financial institution also includes partial/complementary capital so that it is referred to as an association/musyarakah then the customer pays the rent, and shares the proceeds with the bank.


Exactly 10 years ago, the field of cancer biology received a quantum boost with the realization that viral proteins from three unrelated DNA tumor viruses had evolved the capacity to transform cells by binding to a set of cellular proteins that included the retinoblastoma (RB) tumor suppressor gene product (1–3). From a biochemical perspective, this observation allowed the development of a working model where RB can mediate growth inhibition or promote cellular differentiation by reversibly binding to an increasingly complex list of cellular proteins (4,5). From a clinical perspective, this observation has led to the identification of several promising targets for cancer treatment (6), but it has also raised the controversial question of what role ubiquitous DNA tumor viruses may play in human disease (7– 9). Over the past several years, two other RB-like gene products, designated RBL1/p107 (called RBL1 here) and RBL2/pRB2/ p130 (called RBL2 here), have been isolated (10–13). Although the RBL1 and RBL2 genes are structurally related and have each conserved the ability to bind to a similar group of nuclear transcription factors, our understanding of how they interrelate with each other is still undefined (5,14,15). For example, while each member of the RB-like family can suppress cell growth in vitro (16–19), only the RB gene has convincingly met criteria for a tumor suppressor gene (20). A study by Howard et al. (21) reported in this issue of the Journal directly addresses the question of whether the forced overexpression of the RBL2 gene can suppress in vivo growth of a virally transformed tumor cell line with the use of a novel animal model system. Their findings serve to highlight the unanswered questions of how the RBL1 and RBL2 genes relate with the RB tumor suppressor pathway and whether they are, in fact, bona fide tumor suppressor genes. Howard et al. (21) transfected the RBL2 gene under the control of an efficient tetracycline-responsive promoter into a JC virus-transformed hamster brain tumor cell line. Since the JC virus-transforming viral T antigen (TAg) binds and presumably inactivates all RB-like gene products, including RBL2, Howard et al. initially selected a parental JC virus-transformed cell line clone that expressed low endogenous levels of RBL2. Under the appropriate tetracycline concentrations, the authors were able to induce a 160-fold increased level of steady-state RBL2 protein in this tumor cell line, which resulted in both cell cycle arrest and inhibition of colony formation in vitro. In addition, they demonstrated in vivo growth inhibition of tumor xenografts in nude mice that coincided with RBL2 protein induction by either the removal of tetracycline from the feed water of the mice or the subcutaneous implantation of slow-release tetracycline pellets in control mice. They concluded that the induction of RBL2 protein can suppress growth of a JC virus-transformed tumor cell line by use of an innovative, in vivo animal model system. These data also allowed the authors to speculate 1) that the RBL2 is a tumor suppressor gene and 2) that the ubiquitous viral TAg proteins of DNA tumor viruses may participate in the development of a range of human cancers by binding to key cellular proteins, including RBL2. While it is beyond the scope of this editorial to comprehensively deal with the two issues previously mentioned, several recent observations that interconnect these hypotheses are worth noting. The reason why both the RBL1 and RBL2 genes have stayed in the shadow of the RB tumor suppressor gene is straightforward. While RB−/− knockout mice are embryonic-lethal and mutational inactivation of RB can be identified readily in a subset of human cancers, RBL1 and RBL2 murine knockouts are viable, and there are, to date, few data demonstrating that these related genes are targeted for mutations in human cancers (14,22). To avoid semantic arguments over the definition of a tumor suppressor gene, a relatively inclusive definition was proposed recently that required the unequivocal presence of ''lossof-function'' mutations in tumor samples (20). It is noteworthy, therefore, that, instead of an RBL2−/− tumor cell line, Howard et al. (21) tested a JC virus-transformed tumor cell line for RBL2 suppression. In this model, the authors imply that the high levels of RBL2 induced with their plasmid expression system could overcome the TAg-mediated transformation by the JC virus. Although this is a reasonable scenario, it does not exclude the possibility that RBL2 induction may suppress tumor growth by overwhelming the ability of TAg to interact with non-RBL2 targets, such as RB. The statement by Howard et al. (21) that they have identified human tumors with RBL2 mutations (cited as ''unpublished data''), therefore, should now allow the direct testing of the effect of RBL2 replacement and will provide the missing confirmation that RBL2 is a ''classic'' tumor suppressor gene. In addition, defining the role of the RBL2 gene in human cancer has implications that extend beyond the RBL2 gene itself. For example, studies of simian virus 40 (SV40) transformation show that an N-terminal domain of SV40 TAg, referred to as the ''J domain,'' is essential for selectively inactivating the functional activity of RBL1 and RBL2 and for inducing a fully transformed phenotype, even in RB−/− cell lines (23,24). These findings suggest that, under certain conditions, loss of RB function alone is not sufficient for the transformed phenotype, and a complex cooperation may exist between RBL1, RBL2, and/or RB to prevent tumorigenesis. While the sustained expression of viral TAg may simultaneously inactivate all three RB-like members, it is also likely that one of the most common acquired mutations in human cancer, inactivation of the cyclin-dependent


Meta-interpreter-based language implementation frameworks, such as RPython and Truffle/Graal, are convenient tool for implementing state-of-the-art virtual machines. Those frameworks are classified into tracebased and method(or ast-) based strategies. RPython uses a trace-based policy to compile straight execution paths, while Truffle/Graal leverages method invocation to compile entire method bodies. Each approach has its own advantages and disadvantages. The trace-based strategy is good at compiling programs with many branching possibilities and able to reduce the size of compiled code, but it is weak at programs with varying control-flow. The method-based strategy is robust with the latter type of programs but it needs thorough method-inlining management to achieve excellent performance. To take advantage of both strategies, we propose a meta-hybrid compilation technique to integrate traceand method-based compilations, as well as a proof-of-concept implementation called BacCaml. To achieve this goal, we develop a stack hybridization mechanism which makes it possible to coordinate traceand method-based meta JIT compilation. In the implementation, we extend RPython's architecture and introduced a special syntax for realizing this system in a single interpreter definition.


However, a new aspect would be if the authors would apply their (updated) lidar method to observations from 2000 to 2019 (they have these observations, this is mentioned in the abstract). Therefore, presently, I recommend rejection. I would accept the manuscript if they concentrate on the data analysis and show long-term measurement results and discuss them. At least if there would be a section with new results (20002019 observations)."


Abstract. High resolution gamma-ray spectra have been measured from the ~TAI (p, y) ~Si reaction for the resonances at Ep = 2"482, 2"511 and 2.735 MeV at 0p~ ----0 °, 30 °, 55 ° and 90 ° using a Ge (Li) gamma spectrometer. From the spectra and the angular distributions the properties of the resonance states have been obtained. These states are the isobaric analogues of the levels at 4.69, 4.75 and 4-93MeV levels respectively in the parent nucleus A~l.


Abstract A translation is presented of three short stories selected from the complete works of the Moroccan writer Muḥammad Zifzāf ('State of mind', 'The last date' and 'When a man becomes a donkey'). The translation is preceded by a brief discussion of the literary style and genre of the short stories and the general characteristics of the writer's fiction.


Although photovoltaic devices and modules made from crystalline silicon currently dominate the market, many efforts in developing photovoltaics involve the use of alternative materials. Binary and multinary materials with direct band gaps and therefore high absorption coefficients allow for the fabrication of thin-film photovoltaic modules with minimized material use and the possibility for depositing on large areas and alternative substrates such as glass, stainless steel, or polyimide foils. With the great diversity of optoelectronic properties of binary and multinary materials, highly efficient photovoltaic devices fabricated at very low cost are in principle possible. Requirements for efficient photovoltaic devices using nonconventional materials are discussed, and results obtained for photovoltaic devices based on selected binary and multinary materials obtained during the past few decades are summarized.


Introduction: Thromboprophylaxis extended after hospital discharge in high- risk medical patients remains controversial due to uncertainty about the benefit for preventing fatal or major thromboemb...


ABSTRACT On first glance, Machaut's Tans doucement/Eins que ma dame/Ruina (M13) is a typical motet with few musical or textual anomalies. Perhaps this is why, with the exception of a brief article by Alice V. Clark, little extensive, individual study of M13 has been conducted. This article examines the musico-poetic cues for Fortune found in M13's many forms of reversal, duality and upset order. The discovery of a new acrostic which references the Roman de Fauvel, whose interpolated motet Super cathedram/Presidentes in thronis/Ruina (F4) is the source of M13's tenor, further supports a Fortune-based reading of this motet. M13 may therefore be included among the Fortune-prominent motets proposed by Anna Zayaruznaya and Jacques Boogaart (M12, M14 and M15). Understanding that Machaut intentionally ordered his motets, M13 fills a sequential gap, suggesting that M12–15 may serve as a meaningfully ordered group of Fortune-based motets. The acrostic's Fauvel reference also provides additional connections between M13 and F4, offering insight into ways Machaut may have responded to and cleverly cited his sources.


W IY IS IT, Bridget R. Cooks asks in Exhibiting BlarknFss, that mainstream American art museums continue to enact and follow policies that result in institutional racism? Cooks provides extensive documentation and analysis from seven exhibitions of African American art to illustrate that reductive thinking and stereotyping practices prevail at lead art institutions such as New \brk's Museum of Modern Art (MoMA) and the Los Angeles County Museum of Art (lACMA). Coming out of a tradition of visual studies scholars such as Carol Duncan and Stuart Hall, who have written on the import of the politics of representation in art museums, Cooks comprehensively archives the curatorial decisions shaping these exhibitions, as well as the critical response to them. She seeks to "explore the assertions made in the unequal and often contested relationship between African American artist~. curators, visitors, and critics in the mainstream art world" (p. 1). In her uitical and historical ethnography of these exhibitions, Cooks takes curators and administrative staff as well as art critics to task for various problematic attitudes towards African American art and artist~. The exhibitions Cooks chronicles, starting with MoMA's 1937 Exhibition of Sculpture by William Edmondson and ending with the 2002 traveling exhibition of The Quilts of Gee's Bend, tend to reinforce a false binary between art as representation of black identity and culture on the one hand, and art as aesthetic o~ject on the other. She identifies two m~jor methodological approaches: "the anthropological approach, which displays the difference of racial Blackness from the elevated White 'norm,' and the corrective narrative, which aims to present the work of significant and overlooked African American artists to a mainstream audience" (p. 1). Within these two approaches and despite the best efforts of many, exhibitions tend to reinforce rather than challenge discriminatory logics. Underlying these exhibitions and their reception are reductive assumptions about what the role of African American art should be for example, a monolithic artistic type that strong-


society culture and administration in mughal india is available in our book collection an online access to it is set as public so you can download it instantly. Our book servers saves in multiple countries, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Merely said, the society culture and administration in mughal india is universally compatible with any devices to read.


ABSTRACT It seems hardly necessary at the present time to bring up the subject of infant feeding, especially as there is nothing new in this communication, but it is only for the purpose of emphasizing a certain point which has, perhaps, not received sufficient attention.The first statement usually made with regard to bottle feeding is that cow's milk, the best available substitute for mother's milk, is too high in its proteid content for the infant stomach to digest. In avoiding this feature, it seems as though there had been for a time a tendency to go to the other extreme and feed infants with mixtures that were too dilute.This phase of infant feeding was impressed on me some years ago when I first began to direct the feeding of infants. In the considerable number of children passing through my dispensaries there were soon recognized four types of infants, for


Based on the probabilistic characteristics of turbulent wind,the harmonic synthesis method is used to simulate the sample of the level turbulent wind velocity history of a cable-stayed bridge main beam.The result indicates that the method can effectively simulate the node wind velocity which in a certain relevance,and its accuracy,speed and stability can meet the engineering needs.


We show that any open aspherical manifold of dimension n>3 is tangentially homotopy equivalent to an n-manifold whose universal cover is not homeomorphic to the Euclidean space.


SU SA N F A R R IN G TO N You never know when you plunk yourself down on a public mode of transportation just what will unravel before your journey ends. As the Long Island Rail Road chugged along during a hot, sticky day last summer, I chatted with a fellow commuter. He was an engineer for a big computer company in New York. Once we got acquainted, I knew he was doing more than helping me kill time and take my mind off the inconvenience (and my boss's face) as the train would prove late once again. This man was telling me about a future he was helping to design. One key element of our conversation was the use of silicon chips. Chips, he explained, had been embedded in employee identification tags at his company. These tags were worn around employees' necks. The chip communicated to a corporate system that would clock in when employees arrived in the morning, when they left at night, and just where and for how long they went for lunch. His company already employed such devices, and he was certain that a majority of the big corporations would follow suite and employ similar practices within the next few years. The tagging idea, at least from a corporate perspective, makes sense. Much like global positioning systems (GPSs) that allow companies to track their assets—like courier trucks—at all times of the day through the use of satellite, ID tags with silicon chips are capable of tracking employees. Such corporations using these techniques, or those considering doing so, would likely point to an increase in productivity, a decrease in company stealing, and the overall safety and security that such a tracking technology provides. I was explaining to my commuting companion that not so far back, I had a long conversation with Peter Cochrane, the director of research at British Telecom, one of the biggest telecommunications companies in the world and a partner of AT&T. As part of his position at BT, Cochrane was responsible for testing new technologies that would be the foundation for future services. He told me there will come a day when chips are not just worn around the neck, but are actually implanted under a human's skin. When I scoffed at such an idea as merely science fiction, Cochrane offered up that he himself would be testing out such a human chip and looked forward to the opportunity. Not surprisingly, this revelation that I thought was mindboggling, sci-fi movie material was met with much agreement on the part of my train buddy. Nodding emphatically, the computer company executive said that such practices will become common within a few years time. As unbelievable as it seems— having a silicon chip inserted in your body—there are many signs this is becoming a reality. To say the infiltration of machines into our lives is becoming pervasive is like saying the world is round. But it's equally undeniable that the shift is going from humans working around a stationary computer to the com-


Designs for flaw detection laboratories are presented. Some of the best designs are described as regards layout, with description of the composition of the suites. Radiation-protection aspects are discussed, e.g., choice of shielding material, interlocks, alarm signals, etc.


In order to guarantee the impact value(-20 ℃)of Q275 D hot rolled Hshaped steel with limiting specification to satisfy the requirements of GB/T 700-2006,Q275 D with limiting specification H400 mm×200 mm×8 mm×13 mm was trialproduced by adopting niobium microalloying and recrystallization controlled rolling process.The results showed that the upper yield strength of the trial product was 360-368 MPa,the tensile strength was 480-500 MPa,the elongation was 32.5 %-33.0 %,the average of impact value was 154-233 J,Each performance index of the trial product met the requirements of GB/T 700-2006.


A wireless sensor network (WSN) consists of spatially distributed autonomous nodes (sensors) to cooperatively monitor environmental or physical conditions. The considerable reduction in size and energy consumption of CMOS circuitry together with the self-organizational capability of network nodes are leading WSNs to be ubiquitous. WSNs operate under very strict energy constraints and the power supply is usually the most expensive component of the node being designed. This study proposes a methodology to reduce the power consumption by means of an energy-efficient management of node resources and tasks. We focus our attention on hydrometric level sensors. Support Vector Machines (SVMs) are used to predict the nonlinear dynamics of hydrometric level given a limited set of previous measurements. The procedure takes the error committed by the predictor and the battery charge status as input parameters. Based on the input state, fuzzy logic (FL) is used to infer the most appropriate sensor sampling rate and the need to transmit real-time data to the gateway node. The idea is that when battery charge is low and no flood events are occurring, then data transmission can be deferred and sampling rate can be decreased. The method efficiency has been tested in a real-world environment.


The results of clinico-immunologic studies of the efficacy of dioxidin in persons abusing alcohol have demonstrated that unlike antibiotics, dioxidin does not provoke any immunosuppressive disorders. It is recommended that dioxidin should be included into multimodality treatment of patients with acute lung abscesses, abusing alcohol.


By continuous-discrete time affine systems, we mean continuous dynamical systems with discrete-time output measurements. The observability of this class of systems depends on the system inputs and on the output sampling time. In this context,we give sufficient conditions on both output sampling time and system input, which allow to preserve the observability of the system and consequently, guarantee the convergence of the continuous- discrete time observer synthesized in this paper. In order to validate the theoretical results, the performance of the proposed observer is illustrated through an example dealing with biomass growth and bio-synthesis reactions.


The goal of the rich countries should be to aid the poor countries to increase their standard of living but not to increase their holding of weapons. It is shown that a basic conflict of goals arises. The structure of consumption of the recipient countries cannot be influenced by giving the aid in the form of (civilian) goods in contrast to, the transfer of untied foreign exchange. In any case there results a substitution towards the bundle of commodities desired by the developing countries. Compared to that situation, the consumption of civilian goods can be induced to increase by granting a price-subsidy which, however, leads to a smaller increase in. utility than with a transfer in money or kind. Transfers of goods with restricted substitutability and all-or-none schemes are suggested to overcome the conflicts mentioned but they are most difficult to put into practice. To be effective, they imply an interference with the internal affairs of the poor countries which is per se undesirable. The paper suggests .that much more thought should be given to this important problem which is only rarely explicitely considered but which is most difficult to solve.


This study describes the ability of young adults (N = 177, 75% female) aged 16–26 years to estimate the size and calories in typical portions of common foods. Participants served themselves typical portion sizes of 8 foods at breakfast (n = 63) or 6 foods at lunch or dinner (n = 114). Portion size selections were unobtrusively weighed and converted to volume measures. Calories in the portions were then calculated. Only 34% of volume and 22% of calorie estimates were within 25% of their actual amounts. Nearly half the volume estimates were more than 25% greater than actual amounts. Approximately one third of the calorie estimates were underestimated by 26% or more.


OBJECTIVE
A systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the clinical utility of separate recall and recognition testing in the identification of anterograde memory impairment.

DATA SELECTION
Articles published from 2010 onwards that reported outcomes for both recall and recognition testing in patients with a diagnosed memory disorder compared to community controls were eligible for inclusion. A search of PsycINFO, Medline, and EMBASE databases in June 2020 led to a total of 63 articles. Standardized mean differences between patients and controls were calculated for recall and recognition outcomes. Study quality was assessed using a modified QUADAS-2 form.

DATA SYNTHESIS
Multivariate meta-analyses revealed that overall, patients performed significantly worse than controls on both recall (Hedges' g = 2.37, 95%CI: 1.88 to 2.87) and recognition tests (Hedges' g = 1.62, 95%CI: 1.26 to 1.99). A comparison of effect sizes between recall and recognition outcomes using multivariate meta-analysis showed that recall tests were significantly more impaired in patients versus controls (g = 0.76, 95%CI: 0.54 to 0.98) across all test categories and all diagnostic categories, except temporal lobe epilepsy, likely due to the small sample size for this group. The results were not influenced by test material (i.e., verbal or visual), the age or education of patients, or studies considered to have a high risk of bias.

CONCLUSIONS
The results show that recall test scores provide a more effective method to identify anterograde memory impairment compared to recognition test scores, regardless of the underlying cause of memory impairment. In no diagnostic group examined did recognition testing confer any advantage.


The proliferation of multimedia content on the Internet poses challenges to existing content delivery networks. While proxy caching can successfully deliver traditional text-based static objects, it faces difficulty delivering streaming media objects because of the objects' sizes as well as clients' rigorous continuous delivery demands. We present two techniques supporting segment based proxy caching of streaming media. We evaluated these techniques in simulations and real systems.


This paper examines particular psychosocial and ecological conditions as a function of well-being of the working aged population in Jamaica. Our aim is to determine which predisposed factors can predict well-being based on its definition - whether or not well-being is conceptualized as dysfunctions or income per capita. The paper"s focus was on two models (i.e. Models 4 and 5), with Model 4 being self-reported dysfunctions and Model 5 being individual"s income (proxy consumption per capita). The study used one of the World Bank"s Living Standard Measurement Surveys (LSMS) - the Jamaica Survey of Living Conditions (JSLC). The JSLC was conducted between June and October 2002, it is a subset of the Labour Force Survey (i.e. ten percent). The sampled population was 14,299 working aged people (ages 15 to 64 years), with the mean age of 34.06 years ± 13.48 years. The Model 4 explains 21.6% of the variance in well-being. Union status, house tenure, health care seeking behaviour, social support, gender, crime, negative and positive psychological conditions, age and consumption per capita were found to be predictors of well-being (proxy dysfunctions). The primary finding of Model 5 is - using individual income per capita (i.e. proxy individual consumption per capita) - that the model explains 39.1% of the variance in well-being. Model 5 explains 17.5% than Model 4, which means that it is better to operationalize well-being from an objective perspective than to use self-reported dysfunctions. Some additional findings from Model 5 will be presented hereafter. The most influential factor using Model 5 is household crowding (β= -0.422, P ≤ 0.001). Dysfunctions are commonly used to evaluate health, functional status and/or well-being in Western societies. Thus, medical disorders (diseases or health conditions) are the primary reasons people give for seeking health care. Our findings show that using self-reported dysfunctions to evaluate well-being is not a good measure as the psychosocial and ecological factors have a low explained variance than when wellbeing that is operationalized using consumption per capita.


This article presents survey results of three selected case studies in UK; UK has a consistent privatization policy which seeks to transfer as much risk as possible to the private sector. The three cases represented successful public-private partnerships where: the private sector took a significant share of the investment risk; the operation was totally self supporting; and, new use was made of under-used existing track in urban areas. Additionally, the three cases described are taking place against the background of high automobile ownership. Thus, they are more capable in being duplicated in the US and other industrial countries than investments in places such as Hong Kong or Istanbul which, although remarkably successful and profitable, have achieved this against a background of low car ownership.


AbstractFor 6 months during a Deadstart program 160 5-year-old children from Deadstart-eligible families were assigned to two treatments. The experimental group received a problem-based program1 for 1-½ hours per school day, and the ongoing .Deadstart program for the balance of the day. The control group received the ongoing Deadstart program for the full day. The experimental group made significant gains over the control group on IQ and achievement measures.


It was demonstrated that anomalously large degradation observed in power MOSFETs was caused by a single heavy ion. It was identified as a microdose effect and successfully characterized by several parameters extracted from the experimental data.


The Climate Change System Thinking Instrument (CCSTI) is developed to measure a system thinking ability in the concept of climate change. CCSTI is developed in four phase's development including instrument draft development, validation and evaluation including readable material test, expert validation, and field test. The result of field test is analyzed by looking at the readability score in Cronbach's alpha test. Draft instrument is tested on college students majoring in Biology Education, Physics Education, and Chemistry Education randomly with a total number of 80 college students. Score of Content Validation Index at 0.86, which means that the CCSTI developed are categorized as very appropriate with question indicators and Cronbach's alpha about 0.605 which mean categorized undesirable to minimal acceptable. From 45 questions of system thinking, there are 37 valid questions spread in four indicators of system thinking, which are system thinking phase I (pre-requirement), system thinking phase II (basic), system thinking phase III (intermediate), and system thinking phase IV (coherent expert).


The excessive consumption of antibiotics represents a serious risk to public health, by favoring the appearance of bacteria resistant to antibiotics. To fight against this scourge, various strategies, essentially consisting of raising awareness through communication and awareness-raising actions, have been put in place. However, despite these initiatives, the phenomenon of antibiotic resistance is only increasing, to the point that some experts fear the advent of a «post-antibiotic era», with the existence of bacteria highly resistant to antibiotic treatments. known. This contribution therefore sets itself the task of defining, in the perspective of preventive communication, the communication strategies, better the conditions for optimizing the communication strategies, so as to make the latter likely to produce populations a reasoned use of antibiotics.


The paper proposes a numerical model for the catenary suspension -pantograph assembly. With this model will be accomplished a control system for the contact force in order to rise the current collector quality and to reduce the energy loss.


Aims: Researchers are more and more focused on finding ways to optimize renewable energy sources. One of the more promising of these renewable energies is wind energy. However, these wind resources are very localized and selective. There is also significant potential for wind resources available at low densities or low wind speeds. The objective of this research is to exploit these resources.
Methodology: To do so, this study proposes a new wind generating device coupled with a flow convergent in order to increase its performance at low wind speed. This new wind device is designed under Solidworks and analyzed with Matlab software. Several parameters are simulated. The effect of the pulley transmission ratio on the mechanical values of the generator, the impact of the operating gas in terms of angular velocity, power and torque on the generator shaft was clearly determined.
Results: It appears that the power at the input of the wind device is multiplied by the square of the ratio of the output and input velocities, the flow passing through the convergent being constant. The torque on the generator decreases with the increase of the transmission ratio while its speed increases. However, for a fixed transmission ratio, the speed remains constant while the torque and power increase with the speed at the inlet of the convergent. On the other hand, it is noted that, the lower the adiabatic coefficient of the gas used, the higher the power generated.
Conclusion: When used with a wind device, the output parameters of the convergent will result in better mechanical efficiency, which greatly improves electrical power generation.


Abstract This paper introduces a statistical fault detection and identification (FDI) scheme for aircraft systems, which uses flight attitude data rather than information from purposely developed physical or virtual sensors. The scheme is based on the modelling of relationships among the considered data via stochastic Time-dependent Functionally Pooled Non-linear AutoRegressive with Exogenous excitation (TFP-NARX) representations. These are globally valid inside a flight regime and under various considered environmental conditions, thanks to the pooling technique used for their identification. Moreover, due to the TFP-NARX coefficients being a function of time-dependent quantities, high modelling accuracy is achieved. The scheme's operation involves identifying nominal TFP-NARX models of relationships among the attitude data from an aircraft operating in a healthy state. Owing to fault occurrence, these relationships may change. Then, an in-flight comparison of the nominal and the current aircraft dynamics provides fault-related information, which is statistically evaluated for FDI purposes. The scheme's performance and robustness are assessed with numerous flights conducted throughout a flight regime under various manoeuvring settings and turbulence levels.


Spatial and temporal patterns of meander development and sedimentation are assessed for a meander loop on the River Rheidol. Several scales and rates of change are distinguished for which different observational approaches are helpful. The meander loop itself developed over approximately 100 years while primary high-flow bedforms grew and migrated within the loop modifying its form. These were themselves variously dissected and embellished at intermediate discharges, but their residues are preserved as a major component of floodplain sedimentation. The characteristic and irregular pattern of point bar micro-relief common to rivers in mid-Wales suggests some adjustment of ideas on meander activity is required.


INTRODUCTION :
Surgery remains the mainstay of treatment for OG Junction
carcinoma and proximal body gastric carcinoma, with chemotherapy and
chemoradiotherapy as adjuvant or neoadjuvant treatment.
The majority of gastric cancers are still diagnosed at an advanced
stage. Total gastrectomy followed by D2 dissection offers the best
prospects in term of overall survival. After the surgery, complications in
terms of post operative morbidity and mortality are related to the
oesophagojejunal anastomosis.
Oesophagojejunal anastomosis is the Achilles heel of total
gastrectomy. Since the introduction of the first mechanical stapling
devices, a debate started about whether mechanical staplers or manual
sutures produce better results. This debate continued well into the nineties,
when very large studies settled the debate in favor of stapled anastomosis.
Oesophagojejunostomy, using a circular stapler or hand sewn
sutures, is a standard technique for Roux-en-Y reconstruction after total
gastrectomy. Recently, mechanical anastomosis has been considered to be
a safe way to create an oesophagojejunostomy, with leakage rates
equivalent or even superior to those of hand-sewn anastomosis.
Improvements in suturing techniques allowed improvement in the
results of handsewn anastomosis, thereby previously described failure rates
of about 15 percent no longer appropriate.
AIM :
To compare the short term and long term outcomes between stapled
versus hand sewn oesophagojejunal anastomosis after total gastrectomy for
OG junction carcinoma and proximal gastric carcinoma.
To analyze the perioperative variables like duration of surgery,
margins, postoperative day of initiating oral intake, incidence of
anastomotic leakage, incidence of stricture, morbidity, mortality and
hospital stay between the groups of patients undergoing mechanically
stapled and hand sewn oesophago-jejunal anastomosis and improve the
perioperative care to achieve good outcomes after total gastrectomy.
CONCLUSION : In stapler group operative time and hospital stay were less and also
statistically significant compared to hand sewn group.
Anastomotic leakage in stapler group was less but not statistically
significant compared to hand sewn group.
RT removal, DT removal and post operative day of initiating oral
intake were earlier and also statistically significant compared to hand sewn
group.
The data support the use of stapled esophagojejunal anastomosis as a
safe way to create an oesophagojejunal anastomosis, it is quick to perform
allowing shorter operating time and hospital stay and does not appear to be
associated with a previously noted increased incidence of benign
anastomotic stricture formation when compared with handsewn
anastomoses.


Analysis of the majority frequency decoder (for FSK, GFSK, MSK, GMSK signals) functioning is given. Influence of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and the frequency detuning of the signal on the error probabilities of the decoding is investigated by the statistical simulation. It is shown that the excessive increase in the length of dominated sequence in the majority decoder block is not advisable


We evaluated the exactness of interactions using our proposed technique for applications in which users' bodies interacted with the virtual objects presented with 3-D displays in front of them. Interactive applications require interactions to be executed when users' bodies are at the positions of virtual objects; however, conventional techniques that execute interactions when the bodies are at the positions calculated from the binocular disparity make it difficult to meet this requirement because the calculated positions are often different from the positions of virtual objects. The proposed technique estimates the positions of virtual objects by using human body movements, and meets the requirement by executing interactions when users' bodies are at the estimated positions. We conducted an experiment in which users actually interacted with virtual objects, and the results indicated that more interactions succeeded when the proposed technique was used than when conventional techniques were used. We demonstrated that interactions using the proposed technique were exact.


Periodontitis is a multifactorial disease that involves the destruction of hard and soft tissues surrounding the tooth. Routine periodontal treatment includes mechanical debridement (surgical and non-surgical) and the systemic administration of antibiotics. In contrast, severe and chronic periodontitis involves aggressive tissue destruction and bone resorption, and the damage is usually irreversible. In these severe cases, bone grafts, the delivery of growth hormones, and guided tissue regeneration can all be used to stimulate periodontal regeneration. However, these approaches do not result in consistent and predictable treatment outcomes. As a result, advanced biomaterials have evolved as an adjunctive approach to improve clinical performance. These novel biomaterials are designed to either prolong the release of antibacterial agents or osteogenic molecules, or to act as immunomodulators to promote healing. The first half of this review briefly summarizes the key immune cells and their underlying cellular pathways implicated in periodontitis. Advanced biomaterials designed to promote periodontal regeneration will be highlighted in the second half. Finally, the limitations of the current experimental design and the challenges of translational science will be discussed.


Abstract The clay mineralogy of a sequence of 36 andesitic tephra and associated paleosols dating from 320 to > 100,000 years BP has been studied using XRD, IR, DTA and TEM techniques. The mineralogy and weathering sequence is compared with that of rhyolitic tephra of central North Island, New Zealand.


The electric conductivity of a suspension of unilamellar lipid vesicles of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylglycerol. filled with electrolyte, increases after exposure to external field pulses. The electrolyte efflux through the electropores is described in terms of volume decrease under Maxwell stress at constant membrane surface area. Applying the Hagen-Poiseuille Ansatz, the exact analytical solution for the kinetics of the electromechanical vesicle deformation is obtained in terms of a LambertW function. The initial and final phases of the volume decrease can be approximated by exponential functions with the time constants tau and 2 tau, respectively. It is found that tau is proportional to E-2.a(9), describing the extreme sensitivity of the deformation to the vesicle radius a in electric field of strength E. The kinetic analysis yields the membrane bending rigidity kappa=3.0+/-0.3.10(-20) J, At the field strength E=1.0 MV m(-1) and in the range of pulse duration 5 less than or equal to t(E)/ms less than or equal to 60, the number of water-permeable electropores is found to be N=35+/-5 per vesicle of radius a=50 nm with mean parr radius r(p)=0.9+/-0.1 nm. The kinetic analysis developed here for vesicles is readily applied to cell membranes, aiming at physical-chemical guidelines to optimize the membrane electroporation techniques for the direct transfer of drugs and genes into tissue cells.


This paper aims at presenting a topological model of motivic structure and analysis, and its application, via the implementation, to Schumann's Of Foreign Lands and People in Scenes from Childhood. Our immanent approach importantly includes the concept of contour similarity for different motif lengths making then possible to formalize the germinal motif (or leitmotif) concept. Based on motif, contour, gestalt, and motif similarity concepts, the crucial step in our mathematical model is indeed the introduction of neighborhoods of motives that include (similar) motives of different cardinalities and that yield a topological (T0)-space on the set of all motives of a composition. In this space, the 'most dense' motif corresponds to the piece's 'germinal motif'. The model implementation (JAVA) constructs the spaces and in particular calculates, for each similarity threshold (neighborhood radius), the germinal motif; this is graphically represented in motivic evolution trees. The application to Of Foreign Lands and People briefly exemplifies our method.


The deuterium and proton NMR spectra of samples of 4-ethoxy-4'-cyanobiphenyl dissolved in the nematic liquid crystal 4-hexyloxy-4'-cyanobiphenyl have been analyis to yield quadrupolar splittings and dipolar couplings. The data are compared with values calculated for three models for the conformations adopted by the ethoxy group relative to the attached phenyl ring


Objective To observe the effect of environmental estrogenic chemicals(EECs)octylphenol and genistein on DNA damage and proliferation of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells.Methods MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell were cultured with 2,8 and 32 μ mol/L octylphenol or genistein on 24,48 or 72 h.The proliferation and DNA damage of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell were observed by MTT test and single cell gel electrophoresis assay.Results Octylphenol could inhibit the proliferation of MDA-MB-231 cell and increase the DNA damage of breast cancer cells significantly and show dose~response and time-response.2 and 8 μ mol/L genistein could promote the proliferation of MDA-MB-231 cell,but the DNA damage did not change significantly.32 μ mol/L genistein could inhibit the proliferation of MDA-MB-231 cell and increase comet tail length of breast cancer significantly.The comet tail length(CTL)in genistein~treated group was not as long as that in octylphenlo-treated group.Conclusion Octylphenol and high-concentration of genistein can induce DNA damage and inhibit the proliferation of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells,but DNA damage in genistein-treated group is not as serious as that in octylphenol~treated group.


The locally converted shear wave is often neglected in ray‐trace modeling when reproduction of the AVO response of potential hydrocarbon reservoirs is attempted. Primaries‐only ray‐trace modeling in which the Zoeppritz equations describe the reflection amplitudes is most common. The locally converted shear waves, however, often have a first‐order effect on the seismic response. This fact does not appear to be widely recognized, or else the implications are not well understood. Primaries‐only Zoeppritz modeling can be very misleading. Interference between the converted waves and the primary reflections from the base of the layers becomes increasingly important as layer thicknesses decrease. This interference often produces a seismogram that is very different from one produced under the primaries‐only Zoeppritz assumption. For primaries‐only modeling of thin layers, synthetic seismograms obtained by use of a linearized approximation to the Zoeppritz equations to describe the reflection coefficients are more...


Data access is one of the main issues of Web exploration.ASP.NET 2.0 could reduce the codes needed in data access and display by the wrapping function of data access control.The paper introduces how to access and present the data with ASP.NET control.


Proton release and K+‐content of biomass in chemostat cultures of the yeast Hansenula henricii Hg 48‐2 were measured in 12 steady states at different K+‐concentrations in the medium reservoire (sR) and at different pH‐values in the culture. Competitive inhibition of K+‐uptake by H+‐ions, described for non‐growing yeast cultures, could not be found. The growing cultures show H+/K+ exchange quotients between 8:1 and 40:1. The actual value of the H+/K+ exchange quotient is determined by the relation between the NH+4‐and the K+‐content in the medium reservoire. The exchange quotient is not influenced by the concentration of biomass and slightly modulated by the pH‐value in the culture. The difference between the H+ excretion and the K+ uptake is caused mainly by the growth‐dependent NH+4 demand. The K+ content of the biomass increases non‐linear with increasing K+ concentrations sR constant pH values. There exists a linear relationship between the yield coefficient YH+ and the biomass concentration in the steady state χ. These findings are discussed as a result of interactions between potassium‐, nitrogen‐and oxygen‐limitation.


By analyzing a control system of CNC and building its mathematical model,presents a neural network adaptive controller.Simulation results show that the system achieves a constant force control in cutting process under time-varying cutting conditions and has good robustness,thereby to enhance the efficiency of the machining.


We present a method for exploring θ -dependence in two-dimensional U(1) gauge theories which is based on the calculation of fractionally charged Wilson l ops in theθ = 0 theory. Including a Wilson loop with chargeq = θ/2π in the path integral of aU(1) gauge theory in two spacetime dimensions is equivalent to including a θ -term in the two-volume enclosed by the loop. We study the θ -dependence of the free energy density ε(θ) for theCP1, CP5 andCP9 sigma models by extractingε(θ) from the area law of a fractionally charged Wilson loop. For CP1, ε(θ) is smooth in the regionθ ≈ π and well-described by a dilute instanton gas approximation throughout the range 0< θ < 2π. For CP5 andCP9 the energy density exhibits a clear cusp and evidence for discrete degenerate vacua at θ = π, as expected from large N arguments. For CP9 the θ dependence is in good quantitative agreement with the leadi ng order largeN predictionε(θ) = 1 2χtθ 2 throughout the range 0 < θ < π.


We measured the transmission spectra and the time-resolved differential reflectivity ΔR in Ga1−xMnxAs for x⩽0.05 for several excitation wavelengths. The sign of ΔR in Ga1−xMnxAs (x=0.015 and x=0.03) was negative for photon energy larger than band gap at room temperature. The negative component of ΔR was explained by defect induced absorption and/or the reduction of exciton bleaching, rather than by the change in density of near band edge states associated with Mn incorporation. For Ga0.95Mn0.05As, absorption edge broadening was observed in the transmission spectra and the induced absorption effect was reduced by the screening of Mn local potential by photocarriers.


This paper extensively studies the design and resulting performance of high power EDFA pump lasers to increase the operating power with each generation of chip developed while maintaining or improving other critical design features.


This study fills a gap in previous research by performing an in‐depth analysis of 146 entrepreneurship centers in the United States. This two‐part study looks at the characteristics of the entire sample of entrepreneurship centers and then examines the differences between top‐ranked centers and nonranked centers. The findings indicate that top‐ranked centers have three times as many endowed chairs as nonranked centers. Top‐ranked centers also offer more comprehensive graduate programs. Overall, top‐ranked centers have more resources and personnel. The findings of this study will assist students, faculty, staff, administrators, directors, and other stakeholders of entrepreneurship centers.


What are Radionuclides? M. Poschl Radionuclide Sources, J. S. Gaffney and N. A. Marley Radioactivity in the Air, P. Carny Radionuclide Concentrations in Water, J. L. Mas, M. Garcia-Leon, R. Garcia-Tenorio, and J. P. Bolivar Radionuclide Concentrations in Soils, G. Manjon Collado Radionuclide Transport Processes and Modeling, C. M. Vandecasteele Effects of Radioactivity on Plants and Animals, K. A. Higley Radionuclides in Foodstuffs and Food Raw Material, P. Froidevaux, T. Dell, and P. Tossell Radiation Detection Methods, A. Khater Unmasking the Illicit Trafficking of Nuclear and Other Radioactive Materials, S. Thomson, M. Reinhard, M. Colella, and C. Tuniz Radiation Protection Programs, R. J. Emery and M. A. Charlton Regulations, F. J. Bradley and R. M. Pratt Food Irradiation: Microbiological, Nutritional, and Functional Assessment, P. Pinto, S. Cabo Verde, M. Joao Trigo, A. Santana, M. L. Botelho, and G. Lima Index


Immunotherapy has revolutionized antitumor therapy. Since the discovery of stimulators of interferon genes (STING), efforts have been made to elucidate their mechanisms and physiological functions and explore the potential of STING as a therapeutic target in immune‐related diseases and malignant tumors. In recent years, STING agonists have become a popular research topic. Activation of the cyclic GMP–AMP synthase (cGAS)‐STING pathway produces large amounts of type I interferons, which play key roles in activating innate and acquired immune responses. The cGAS‐STING pathway influences almost all aspects of tumorigenesis and has great antitumor potential. In addition, the activation of the cGAS‐STING pathway is associated with tumor regression, prolonged survival of patients with cancer, and enhanced immunotherapy. Given the positive role of STING in antitumor immunity, the development of STING‐targeted drugs is important. In this review, we summarize the activation and potential mechanisms of the cGAS‐STING pathway, discuss the association of the cGAS‐STING pathway with tumors and autoimmune diseases, and highlight research progress, clinical applications, and combination drug strategies for STING agonists.


Background: Patients with rotator cuff disease commonly complain of difficulty sleeping. Arthroscopic repair has been associated with improved sleep quality in many patients with rotator cuff tears; however, some individuals continue to suffer from sleep disturbance postoperatively. Purpose: To determine whether changes in sleep quality following rotator cuff repair are predicted by a patient's narcotic use or ability to cope with stress (resilience). Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: A total of 48 patients undergoing arthroscopic rotator cuff repair were prospectively enrolled and completed the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) preoperatively. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was administered preoperatively and at multiple intervals postoperatively for 6 months. Narcotic utilization was determined via a legal prescriber database. Pre- and postoperative sleep scores were compared using paired t tests and the McNemar test. Linear regression was used to determine whether narcotic use or CD-RISC score predicted changes in sleep quality. Results: An increased number of patients experienced good sleep at 6 months postoperatively (P < .01). Mean ± SD nocturnal pain frequency improved from 2.5 ± 1.0 at baseline to 0.9 ± 1.1 at 6 months. CD-RISC score had a positive predictive value on changes in PSQI score (R 2 = 0.09, P = .028) and nocturnal pain frequency (R 2 = 0.08, P = .041) at 2 weeks. Narcotic use did not significantly predict changes in PSQI score or nocturnal pain frequency (P > .05). Conclusion: Most patients with rotator cuff disease will experience improvement in sleep quality following arthroscopic repair. Patients demonstrated notable improvements in nocturnal pain frequency as soon as 6 weeks following surgery. CD-RISC resiliency scores had a significant positive predictive value on changes in sleep quality and nocturnal pain frequency at 2 weeks. Narcotic use was not associated with change in sleep quality.


This article discusses Wilhelm Genazino's poetics of the 'prolonged gaze' as a response to the rapid production of social and cultural obsolescence in our technology-driven age. It shows how Genazino's protagonists attune their idiosyncratic perception to objects and events that normally lie below the threshold of perception. In this way they cultivate a state of perplexity that allows them to break with habitualised patterns of perceiving and inhabiting the city. The second part of the article then turns to the parodic re-enactment of gendered Heimat discourse in Mittelmasiges Heimweh. In this post-Heimat novel, Genazino employs the prolonged gaze to overturn the traditional link between womanhood and Heimat. In contrast with the city where this mode of perception ensured the protagonist's magical, albeit fragile connection with the environment, in the countryside the same mode of perception results in his radical exclusion from the rural world. However, while nature's indifference to man's concerns underscores the fact that Heimat is a discursive construct which is always implicated in power relations, the narrative validates the protagonist's longing to belong as an anthropological need that has not been made obsolete by the conditions of our supermodern age.


The topicality of acmeological approach is preconditioned by the innovative processes in modern education, the implementation of the Bologna Declaration, the increased requirements to the competences of the teacher. Today, the quality of education depends on the ability of teachers to make the acmeogramme with the aim to reach the heights of their professionalism. Modeling and implementation of acmeogramme helps to solve the tasks of personal and subjective-operational development of the teacher-professional. Acmeogramme helps the teacher to innovate activities, to improve pedagogical skills and to enhance mobility and activity in research work. Today, the level of competitiveness of a specialist is estimated based on his/her professional competencies that must have interdisciplinary, personal and reflexive character. Competence-based approach implies not only the knowledge but also the skills to apply this knowledge in practice. In this regard, acmeological approach supports and develops the ideas enhancing professional competences of the teacher. The article pays special attention to building up the Acme of the teacher, as it allows to develop a program of selfimprovement and self-development according to the requirements to modern specialists. The article pays attention to the structure of the acme which implies selfanalysis, goal setting, elaboration of program of professional development taking into consideration professional competences, and reflexive component.